G-ov. D< CBLtx T SESSIONAL PAPERS VOLUIME 6 SECOND SESSION OF THE TENTH PARLIAMENT OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1906 (.^o^ ^;>^^ \ VOLUME XL 5 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1906 ifcrSee also Numerical List, page 5. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA SECOND SESSION, TENTH PARLIAMENT. 1906. Accidents and Casualties 1.59, 190 Adulteration of Food 14 Agriculture, Annual Report 15 Ahearn ■& Soper l!l] Alberta and Arthabasca Lands. 158 Alberta Coal Lands 177 American Bank Note Co 170 Anthracite Coal ... 47 Archives, Canadian 18 Astronomer, Report of the Chief 2ob Auditor General, Annual Report 1 Aylmer Post Office 97 B Banks, Chartered 6 Banks, Unpaid Balances in 7 Bavarian, Wreck c>f the 202a Blood Indian Reserve 157 Bonds and Securities 62 British Canadian Loan and Investment Co. 51 British Columbia, Sale of Yoimg Girls in . . . 139 By-Elections, House of Commons 37 Caldwell, C. F I77 Canada Eastern Railwa}' 164 Canadian Northern Railway Co 188, 188a Canadian Pacific Railway : — Business with Interior Department 61 Lands sold by 52 Canal Statistics 20a Census of Canada, 1901. Third Volume. . .Vol. C. Fourth Volume. . .Vol. D. Chartered Banks 6 Chicoutimi Pulp Co I49 42 30 78 41 197 115 121« Civil Service : — Appointments and Promotions 63 to 036 E.xaniiners 3] Insurance List Post Oflfice Department . Superannuations Coal Lands 155 CollingT^'ood Dry Dock Co Colonization Companies Contracts for Railway Supplies 70 Cornwall Canal jg2 Cowie's Dam, N.S jys Criminal Statistics 17 0 Darroch, Alexander 69 Datum Planes, Pacific Coast. 21c Davidson, Colonel A. D 130, 130a, 135 "Der Nord wester" Publishing Co 192 Dividends Unpaid in Banks 7 Dominion Lands. . .25«, 56, 57, 112, 131, 133, 134, 138, 140, 1,58, 162, 166, 198, 199, 200, 205 Dominion Police 5Q Dredging in Ontai-io (jg Dredging of the Saguenay 203 Drugs and Proprietary Medicines 125 E Electric Light, Inspection of 13 Elgin Mail Contracts 186 176 Emerson Customs Officials Estimates 0 to 5a Experimental Farms 16 5 Edw. VII, Alphabetical Index to Sessio 06 risheries, Annual Kejiort 22 Fish Export"? 116 Flour for Penitentiaries 65 Food for Militia 118, 118a Fruit Exixtrts 123-123i •Gas, Inspection of 13 Geo^rav)hic Board 21a Geological Sui vey Report 26 Georgian Bay Ship Canal 172 German Tariff 207 Germany, Exports to 71 Giant's Tomb Island 129 Glace Bay Harbour 104 Governor General's Warrants 43 Grand Trunk Co., Arbitration with . - 169 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway :— Mining Rights 156 Report of CoUingwood Schreiber 45a Surveys, Quebec and Moncton 83a Grazing Leases . 92 Great Northern Railway 142 H Harbour Commissioners 23 Hatfield, Charles M 174 Hay, W. H ^ • 68 High Court of Ontario 59 Hog Plague 175 Homestead Entries 84, 91 to 91(Z Homestead Inspectors 81 Hospital for Trachoma 204 House of Commons Employees 114, 114a Hudson Bay Co 189, 189a I Immigration Commissioner, England 144,144o, 163 Imperial Institute 68 Imperial Intelligence Service 67 Indian Act 64 Indian Affairs, Annual Report 27 Indian Lands 196, 196a Indians, Particulars as to 152 Inland Revenue, Annual Report . . 12 Insurance, Abstract 9 Insurance Act, etc 108-1086 Insurance, Annual Report 8 Insurance Commission 38, 66- 666 Intercolonial Railway Accidents 190 Interior, Annual Report .^^ 25 International Waterways 196 to 19rf Italian Labourers 126 J James Bay Railway 72 Japanese Treaty 117 Judges, Circular to 99 Judges, Money paid to 58 Judges, Particulars as to 99a Justice, Annual Report 34 K King's Regulations for Militia 184 Labour, Department of, Annual Report ... 36 Lake Manitoba 153 Lake Ocebe Lighthouse . . ^, . . . 94 Lands in North- West . . .101, 112, ll2a,131, 133, 134, 138, 140, 198, 199, 205 Lethbridge, Strike in 80 Library of Parliament, Annual Report... . 33 Liddle David 55 Life Insurance Commi.ssion 38, 66 Life Insurance, Finance Department 165 Macdonald, R. C 53 Mail Subsidies 10a Manitoba " Free Press " 192 Marine, Annual Report 21 Measures, Inspection of 13 Mexico Steamboat Service 120 Militia and Defence, Annual Rejwrt G5 Militia Regulations 184, 184a Miminegash Harbour 173 Mines, Inspection of 26a Montreal Turnpike Trust 76 Mounted Police 28, 28a Murray Harbour Branch Railway 102 Mutual Reserve Life Association 105, 168 N National Transcontinental Railway. 45to Aod, 83, 83a Naturalization of Aliens 86 Nixon, Joseph Ill North Sydney, Harbour Commissioners. .. . 167 North-West Territories : — Land Patents 112, 162, 200 Land Sales 101,112, ir2a, 131, 133,134, 138, 140, 198, 199, 205 Lands Surveyed 166 ^Mounted Poiice 28, 28a Sanction to ]nirchase land 151 O Ontario Higii Court 59 Ottawa Iirprovement Connnission 54 Ottawa Post Office 103 Over-rulings of Treasury Board 44 .Pacific Cable Board 67a Peel, Mail Contracts in 107 Penitentiaries, Annual Report 34 Petawawa Cami) 106 Peterborough Lift-Lock 119, 119a Pilot Commissioners 154, 201 Police, Dominion 50 Police, North-West Mounted 28, 28a Port Bruce Harbour 150 Port Burwell Harbour 183 Port Colborne Harbour 109 5 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1906 Port Stanley Harbour 171 Postmaster General, Annual Report 24 Prince Ed\\ ard Island : — Additional Subsidy .'. . 93 Coffin, David D 77c? Freight Rates 160 French Village 79 Hodgson Property 146 Lands expropriated 143 McCabe, Joseph 77 New Steamer 179 North Lake Post Office 147 Power, James 77a Smith, Sarah 77c Stanley Bridge Branch 122 Wages on Railway 181 Weeks, W. A 82 Winter Navigation 178 Printers, British 73, 100 Proprietary Medicines 125 Provincial Railways 187 Provincial Subsidies 96 Public Accounts, Annual Report 2 Public Printing and Stationery 32 Public Works, Annual Report 19 Public Works, Expenditure 46, 46a Q Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Co 1126,1120 Quarantine in Kent County 175 Quebec Brdge and Railway Co 74 R Railway Accidents 159, 190 Railways and Canals, Annual Report 20 Railway Statistics 2% Railway Supplies 70 Riding Mountain Timber Reserve 148 Rirm, Joseph 197 Ross Rifle Co 124 Royal Military College 35a Royal North- West Mounted Police 28, 28a Rural Mail Delivery 88 Saguenay, Dredgrng of the 203 Saskatchewan Valley Land Co 132 Secretary of State, Annual Report 29 Senate Employees 114^ Shareholders in Chartered Banks . 6 Shipping, List of 216 Songhees Indians 145 Sorel Wharf 193 Spain, Commander igQ Speaker's Apartments, H. of C 206 Speers, C. W., Report of 130, 130a Steamship Subventions lOa St. Mary's River i3g Supreme Court Order 43 Surveyor General, Dominion Lands 25a Sydney Pilot Commissioners 154, 201 T Tariflf Inquiry Commission 49 Temperance Colonization Society 121, 121a Thames River ^27 Thermograph Records 2IO Thorndale Post Office gg Tide Levels, Pacific Coast 21c Ties Purchased 10- Timber Lands 39^ 90, ^^^ ^gg Tower, Collapse of ^7, 161-1616 Trachoma, Hospital for 204 Trade and Commerce, Annual Report 10 Trade and Navigation, Annual Report ' 11 Transcontinental Railway. ..45 to 45d, 83, 83«, 194 Transportation, Royal Commission on ' 19a Treasury Board Over-rulings 44 Treaty, Great Britain and Japan 117 Trent Canal 95^ 95^' j^g^ ^^^^ Trust Funds of Canada . . . 75 \J Unclaimed Balances in Banks Unforeseen Expenses ^q United States, Imports and Exports 137 V Vessels, List of «, , Veterinary Director General, Report of . . . . I5a Victoria Memorial Museum ]^28 Wagner, Philip -, ., Walsh, Patrick ,-„, Waterways, International ... 196 to 19d Weights, Measures, etc 10 Wharfs, Docks, etc ^g ^g Wharfs Transferred or Winnipeg Printers inn Wreck of the Bavai'ian 202a Wrecks in the St. Lawrence 202 Y Yukon :— Indian Reserves 1 go Ordinances qq Rainfall ■■ y . n 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 See also Alphabetical Index, page 1. LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS Arranged in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length ; the Dates when Ordered and when presented to the Houses of Parliament ; the Name of the Senator or Member who moved for each Sessional Paper, and ivhether it is ordered to he Printed or Not Printed. CONTENTS OF VOLUME C. Fourth Census of Canada, 1901. Third Volume.— Manufactures. Presented 24th April, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher , Printed for- both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME D. Fourth Census of Canada, 1901. Fourth Volume. —Vital Statistics, School Attendance, Status Dwellings • and Families, Institutions, Churches and Schools, Electoral Districts and Representation. Pre- sented 24th April, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. (This volume is bound in two parts.) 1. Report of the Auditor General, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Partial report presented 12th, 14th and 26th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. 2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended .30th June, 1905. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 3. Estimates of the sums required for the services of Canada for the nine months ending 31st March, 1907. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papen, 4a. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 20th April, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 46. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 20th June, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 24th April, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5a. Supi)lementary Estimates for the nine months ending 31st March, 1907. Presented 20th June, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of Canada, as on the 31st December, 1905. Presented 30th April, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3. 7. Report of dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills of exchange in Chartered Banks of Canada, for five years and upwards, prior to December 31, 1905. Presented 28th May, 1906, by Hon. ^W. S. Fielding Printed for b ith distribution and sessional papers. 8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance for the year ended 31st December, 1905. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 9. Abfetract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1905. Presented 23rd April, 1900, by Hon W. H. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Pre- sented 12th March, 1906, by Hon. W. Paterson. . .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 10a. Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subventions. Supplement to the Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the year ended 30th .June, 1905. Presented 29th Ma.y, 1906, bj' Hon. W. Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5 1 1. Tables of the Trade and Navigation of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Hon. W. Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 12. Inland Revenues of Canada. '"^Excise, etc., for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 15th March, 1906, by Hon L. P. Brodeur ... Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 13. Inspection of Weights, Measures, Gas and Electric Light, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 15th March, 1906, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur. Printed for both distribution and sessional pampers. 14. Report on Adulteration of Food, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 25th April, 1906, by Hon. W. Templeman Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. 15. Report of the Min sterof Agriculture, for the year ended 31st October, 1905. Presented 10th April, 1906, by Hon.'S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 1 5a. Report of the Veterinary Director General, 1905. . Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 16. Report of the Director and Officers of the Experimental Farms, for the year 1905. Presented 10th April, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 1 7. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th September, 190.5. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. (This volume is bound in three parts. ) 18. Report on Canadian Archives, 1905 Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. 1 9. Report of the Mmister of Public Works, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 30t March, 1906, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 19a. Report of the Royal Commission on Transportation. Presented 17th April, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman ... Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 1 96. Report of the Commission on International Waterways. P tinted for both distribution aivd sessional papers. 6 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME S— Concluded. 19c. (1) Report from the International Waterways Commission on Conditions as to Niagara Falls, and their recommendations in relation thereto. (2) Report of the Commission upon conditions existing at Sault Ste. Marie, with rules for the control of the same recommended by the Commission. Pre- sented 4th Ma3', 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman. . Printed for- both distribution and sessional iMptrs. 19c?. Second Interim Report of the Canadian Section of the International Waterways Commission. Pre- sented 4th May, 1906, by Hon. G. S. Hyman Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20. Annual Report of the Department of Railways and Canals, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 12th March, 1900, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9. 20a. Canal Statistics for the season of navigation, 1904. Presented 23rd March, 1906, by Sir Frederick ' Borden Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20b. Railway Statistics of Canada for the year ended 30tli June. 1905. Presented 23th April, 1906, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 21. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Marine), for the fiscal j'ear ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 9th April, 1906, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Printed for both distribution and sasional papers. 21a. Sixth Annual Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, containing all decisions to. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 21b. List of Shipping issued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, being a list of vessels on the registry books of Canada, on the .31st December, 1905. Presented 29th May, 1900, by Hon. R. Lemieux Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10. 21c. Tide Levels and Datum Planes of the Pacific Coast o^ Canada. Presented 1st May, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 22. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Fisheries), for the fiscal j^ear ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 23rd IMarch, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. Printed for both distribution and sessiomJ. papers. 23. Report of the Harbour Commissioners, etc., 1905. . . .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 2i. Report of the Postmaster General, for the year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 14th March, 1906, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth Printed for both distribution and sessional papers CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11. 25. Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ended 30th .June, 1905. Pr. sen- ted 28th March, 1906, by Hon. W. Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 25a. Report of the Surveyor General of Dominion Lands for the year ending 30th June, 1905. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 256. Report of the Chief Astronomer, for the year ending 30th June, 1905. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12. 26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Department for the calendar year 1905. Printed or both distribution and sessional papers, 26a. Report on the Inspection of Mines Printed for both distribution and sessional papers 27. Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Pre- sented 26th March, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 7 5 tCdw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13. 28. ReiMji't of the Royal Nortli-we.st Mounted Police. 1005. Presented 3rd May, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessioiud papers. •iSa. Supplementary Report of the R>yal North west Mounted Police. Mackenzie River District. Presented 5th June, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. . Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 29. Repoit of the Secretary of State of Canada, for the year ended Slst December, 1905. Presented 30th June, 190i), by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 30. Civil Service List of Canada, 1905. Presented 23rd March, 190G, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 31. Report of the Board of Civil Service Examiners, for the year ended Slst December, 1905. Presented 6th July, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and, sessional papers. 32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery, for the year ended the 30th June, . 1905. Presented 25ih June, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14. 33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year 1905. Presented &th March, 1906, by the Hon. The Speaker . . . .^ . . ; Printed for sessional ptapers. 34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 22nd March, 1900, by the Hon. C. Fitzi^atrick. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 35. Report of the M litia Council of Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1905. Presented 18th April, 1900, by Sir Frederick Borden Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 3Sa. Report of the Board of Visitors, Royal Military College, 1906. Presented 10th July, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 36. Report of the Department of Labour, for the year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 15th March, 1906, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 37. Return of By-EIections for the House of Commons of Canada, held during the year 1905. Presented 1st May, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 38. Copy of a Report of a Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the 28th February, 1906, on the subject of the appointment of a commission to investigate with respect to certain matters relating to the business of life insurance in Canada ; and also copy of the commission appointed to conduct an investigation into life insurance matters in Canada. Presented 9th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 39. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, showing all timber lands sold or leased by the department of the interior since 1st July, 1896 ; the description and area of each lot ; the applications made therefor ; the notice or advertisement for sale or tender ; the tenders received ; the amount of each tender ; the tenders accepted ; the name and address of the person or company to whom each lot was sold or leased. Presented 12th March, 1906.— il/r. Foster JVot printed. 40. Statement showing the expenditure on account of unforeseen expenses from the 1st July, 1905, to the 7th March, 1906, in accordance with the Appropriation Act of 1905 Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 41. Statement of supei-annuations and retiring allowances in the civil service during the year ended Slst December, 1905, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each person superannuated or retired, and also whether vacancies filled by promotion or new appointment, and salary of any new appointee. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. .Not printed. 42. Statement in pursuance of section 17 of Civil Service Insurance Act for the year ending 30th June, 1905. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U—Cmtinued. 43. Statement of the Governor General's Warrants issued since the last session of parliament, on account of the fiscal year 1905-1906. Presented 1 2th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 44. Return of Treasury Board O verrulings of Auditor General's decisions, session of 1905 to session of 1906. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 45. Pirst annual report of the Board of the National Transcontinental Railway Commissioners for the year ending 30th June, 1905. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 45a. Report of Collingvvood Schreiber, Esquire, Government Chief Engineer of the Western Division of the National Transcontinental Railway, on the progress being made with the surveys and works of co.struction upon the western division of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (Winnipeg to the Pacific coast). Presented 13th March, 1906, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 45b. Extract from a Repoit of the Committee of the Privy Council approved by the Governor General on the 17th April, 1906, respecting the acceptance of the tender of the Dominion Bridge Company for the construction of a steel viaduct across Cap Rouge Valley, in District " B," in the vicinity of the city of (Quebec, in connection with the Transcontinental Railway. Presented 17th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier ^ot printed. 45c. Extract from a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by the Governor General on the 14th April, 1906, respecting the acceptance of the teuier of Mr. John D. McArthur, for the construction of Distiict " F," from a point designated on the plans of the Transcontinental Railway Commissioners, at or near the city of Winnipeg to a point known as Peninsula Crossing, near the junction point of the Fort William Branch of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, a distance of about 245 miles. Presented 17th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 45d. Extract from a Report of a Committee of the Privy Council, approved by the Governor General on the 14th April, 1906, respecting the acceptance of the tender of Messieurs Hogan & Macdonell for the construction of 'District " B,'" from a point designated on the plans of the Transcontinental Railway Commisaioners at the north end of the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company's bridge, in the vicinity of the city of Quebec, to a point near La Tuque, a distance of about 150 miles,' of the National Transcontinental Railway. Presented 17th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Not printed. 46. Statement of wharfs, docks, piers and breakwaters constructed by the Department of Public Works since 1st July, 1896, .with the total cost of each. Presented 13th March, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Printed for sessional papers. 46(t. Statement of wharfs, docks and piers constructed by Government, 1896-1905, showing the expendi- ture on each such work, for repairs, from date of completion to 30th June, 1905. Presented 13th March, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Printed for sessioaal papers . 47. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated i7th July, 1905, showing the quantities of anthracite coal imported into Canada in 1904, from Great Britain or elsewhere, called Scotch anthra- cite coal ; the various ports to which the same were brought ; whether any steps were taken to ascertain whether the coal so imported was really rmthradte, from a commercial or dutiable stand- point ; and if any evidence was furnished at the time or times of such importation as to the amount of carbon contained in such coal. Presented 14th March, 1906.— Mr. Macdonald (Pictou). Not printed . 48. Copy of General Order No. 88, made by the judges of the Supreme Court of Canada. Presented 14th March, 1906, by the Hon. The Speaker Not printed. 49. Evidence taken before the Commission on the Tariff Inquiry, 1905. Presented 14th March, 1906, by Hon. W. Paterson. Not printed . 50. Report of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1905. Presented 16th March, 1906, by Hon. R. Lemieux Notprinted. 9 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers, A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1^^— Continued. 51. Statement of the affairs of the'British Canadian Loan and Investment Company, Limited, for the year ended 31st December, 1il05. Also, a list of the shareholders on 31st December, 1!(05, in accordance with section 33, chapter 57, of 10 Victoria. Presented (Senate) 12th March, 1900, by the Hon. The Speaker Not printed. 52. Keturn of all lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, from the 1st October, 1904, to the 1st October, 1905. Presented 19ti) March, 1900, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 53. Order in Council of the 6th January, 1906, and Reports of His Honour Judge Myers, on inquiry into charges made against R. C. Macdonald, by half-breeds of the United States in connection with certain scrip claimed by them. Presented 19th March, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 54. Report of the wo k of the Ottawa Improvement Commission, from the date of the appoint^nent of the Commi>sion, the 21»t December, 1899, to the 30th June, 1905. Presented 21st March, 190(), by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for sessional papers. 55. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14t!i March, 1900, for cojjies of all telegrams, reports, recommendations and correspondence in connection with the appointment of David Liddle as assistant inspector ^f weights and measures for the inland division of Windsor, in the province of Ontai io. Presented 22nd IVIarch, 1906 . — Mr. Iwjram Not printed. 56. Return of oi-ders in council which have been published in the British CoUunhia Gazette, between the date of last return and 31st December, 1905, in accordance with the provisions of subsection [d) of section 38 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion lands within the 40-mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Presented 22nd March, 1900, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 57. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette between the date of last return and 31st December, 1905, in accordance with the provisions of clause 91 of the Dominion Lands Act, chapter 54 of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 22n'd March, 1906, by Hon, F. Oliver Not printed . 58. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the several sums of money paid to judge.?, under the provisions of section 13 of an Act respecting the judges of Pro- vincial Courts, chapter 138, of the Revised Statutes, as amended by sections 7, 8 and 9, of chapter .52, of the Statutes of 1898, from 30th June, 1903, to 20th J uly, 1905, and under this section and amendment, as enacted by section 0 of chapter 31 of the Statutes of 190.5, from the said 20th July to this date ; with the items in respect of which the said sevei-al payments were made, set out and showing the payments in respect of the period before and since 20th" July, 1905. Presented 23rd March, 1900. — Mr. Lennox Not pr-inted. 59. Rules that have been passed by the judges of the High Court of Justice for Ontario under the provi- sions of tlie Dominion Controverted Elections Act. Presented 23rd March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers. 60. Ordinances of the Yukon Territory, passed by the Yukon Council in the year 1905. Presented 23rd March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Not printed. 61. Return (in so far as the Department of the Interior is concerned) of copies of all orders in council, plans, papers and correspondence which are required to bo presented to the H^iuse of Commons, under a resolution passed on 20th February, 1882, since the date of the last return, under such resola- ■ tion. Presented 23rd March, 1900, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 62. Detailed statement of all bonds and securities registered in the Department of the Secretary of State of Canada, since last Return, 23rd January. 1905, submitted to the Parliament of Canada under section 23, chapter 19, of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 23rd March, 1900, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 63. Return of the names and salaries of all persons appointed to or promoted in the several departments of the Civil Service, during the calendar year 1905. Presented 23rd March, 1906, by Sir W^ilfrid Laurier Not printed. 10 5 Edw. Vir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 190C CONTENTS OF VOLUME U—Cmitinued. 63a. Supplementiiry return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1905, showing : (1) the number of permanent appointments, male ond female respectively, made to the civH service (inside division) in Ottawa, since 1st July, 1906 ; (2) the present strength of the civil service in Ottawa (inside division) permanent staff, speciiying whether male or female ; (3) the number of temporary employees, male or female, on the paj'-Iist for the inside division of the civil service at Ottawa for January, 1905; (4) the number of temporary employees, male or female, appointed since 1st July, 1896; (5) in addition to the permanent and temporary clerks at present employed in the public service in Ottawa, the number of artisans, labourers, or other workmen employed at Ottawa during the month of January, and showing to which department these men are attached. Presented 5th April, 1906.— J/r. Sproulc Not printed. 636. Further supplementary return to No. 63a. Presented 6th April, 1906 Not printed. 64. Return showing remissions of interest made under section 141, as added to the Indian Act by section 8, chapter 35, 58-59 Victoria, for the year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 26th March, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 65. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for list of names of persons who were asked to tender, otherwise than by newspaper advertising, for flour supplied at Kingston, Dorchester and St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiaries, and copies of tenders received in reply to such request for prices. Presented 28th March, 1906. — J/r. Taylor Not printed. 66. Proceedings of Royal Commission on Insurance, and evidence taken to the 23rd March, instant. Presented 28th March, 1906, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Printed for distribution. 66cf. Further proce°dings of Royal Commission on Insurance and evidence taken to the 25th April, instant, inclusive. Presented 27th April, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. . . Printed for didribution. 666. Further proceedings of Royal Commission on Insurance and evidence taken on the 4th June, instant inclusive. Presented 6th June, 1906, by Hon W.S.Fielding Printed for distribution. 67. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, for copies of all letters and documents relating to the establishment of an Imperial Intelligence Service. Presented 28th March, 1906. —Mr. Belcourt Printed for both distribution mid sessional papers. 67a. 6«turn to an address of the Senate, dated 8th May, 1903, of any recent correspondence with the Imperial Office, re Pacific Cable Board, and individuals, on th^ establishment of an improved intel- ligence service and a sj'stem of empire cables. Presented 29th May, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Ellis. Printed for both distribution ami sessional papers. 68. Report of Mr. W. H. Hay on the Imperial Institute. Presented 30th March, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for sessional papers . 69. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all telegrams, letters, petitions, reports, documents, recommendations, investigations, correspondence and all other communications concerning tlie appointment and removal of !Mr. Alexander Danoch from the posi. tion of collector of customs at St. Thomas, Ontario. Presented 30th March, 1906.— J/r Ingram. Not printed. 70. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. All contracts since 30th June, 1902, between the Governrr,ent and (a) the Eastern Railway Supply Company ; (6) the New Brunswick Petroleum Company ; (c) the Sherman Williams Paint Company ; (d) the Maritime Wire Fencing Company,— for supplies to any of the railways of the Government. 2. The tenders upon which such contracts were based, and all tenders made by other parties for such con- tracts. 3. All correspondence and communications of the railwaj' department and otticers thereof, with the several tenderers and contractors, relating to such tenders or contracts or supplies. Also all correspondence and communications between the department and its officers and between such officers, relating to such tenders, contracts or supplies. 4. All advertisements, notices, statements^ accounts, papers and vouchers, relating to such contracts, or the supplies, or the payment thereof. Presented 2nd April, 1906.— J/r. Barker Not printed. 71. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, showing our exports to Ger- many for each year from 1896 to 1905, inclusive, on the following articles : wheat, flour, oats, bacon, hams, butter, cheese and apples. Presented 4th April, 1906.— J/r. Armstrong !fot printed. 11 :j Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME ^^— Continued. 72. Return to an order of the House of ConiuKjns, dated ITili July, liHlo, for copies of all correspondence, documents, orders, and all papers whatsoever, relating to the proposed deviation of the line of the James Bay Railway to the west of Lake Simcoe ; also for copies of the original route, map and location of line, as filed in the railway department; and correspondence and papers concerning the same. Presented 4th April, litOG.— Mr. Grant Not printed . 73. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1900, for copies of the correspond- ence passed between the Imperial governusent ujxjn the subject of the petition sent of a party of British i)rinters, complaining that they were brought to this country under misrepresentation as to exising labour conditions in Canada, and for all paper-; on the subject. Presented .5th April, 1906. — Mr. Vervillc Not pHnted. 74. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1900, for a copy of the last financial statement and balance sheet of the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company. 2. A list of the directors of the company and of its chief officers, and of its shareholders and the amount of shares held by each. 3. A statement of the bonds of the company which have been guaranteed by the government, and which have been negotiated or are pledged. 4. A statement of all moneys paid by the govern- ment on account of capital or interest on the said bonds. Presented oth April, 1906. — Mn Monk. Not printed. 75. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, for copies of all correspondence, documents, resolutions, and other papers relating to any efforts or proposals to authorize the invest- ment of trust funds in the United Kingdom in the securities of anj- province of Canada, and the fulfilment of any necessary conditions to that end. Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. Borden (Carleton) Not printed . 76. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906 : 1. Showing the present in- debtedness to the Dominion government of the Montreal Turnpike Trust, (a) on capital account (b) for arrears of interest. 2. The amounts collected at each toll gate belonging to the said Turnpike Trust, during the year ending 31st December, 1905. 3. The amount expended on each section or road division under the control of said Trust, during the said year, ending 31st December, 1905, and the contracts given out during the year, with the name of the contractor, the date and amount in- volved in each case, the cost of stone supplied, and in each case an indication as to whether tenders • for such contracts were called for in the public press. 4. The amount paid out during the said year at each toll gate for salaries to i.lay and night keeper, and all other expenditure at each of the toll gates maintained. 5. The actual indebtedness in detail of the said Trust outside of its bonds due to the government of Canada. 6. A detailed statement of sums paid out during the year outside of salaries, road maintenance and rent. Presented 5th April, 1906.— il/r. Monk Not Printed. 77. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 19th Mai'ch, 1906, forcopiesof all conespondence recommendations, telegrams, petitions, in possession of the Government, or any department or offi- cial thereof, with reference to the dismissal of Mr. Joseph McCabe, as postmaster at lona, in Prince Edward Island, and the appointment of his successor. "Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. Martin (Queen's) Not printed. 7 7((. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th Julj', 1905, for copies of all correspondence, documents, orders, and all papers whatsoever, relating to the dismissal of James Power, late post- master at Wheatley River, Prince Edward Island, and for the appointment of a successor ; also all correspondence and petitions relating to the re-appjintm .nit of the said James Power. Presented 9th April, 1906.— Mr. i(/cLf an (Quce/i's) Not printed. 7 Tb Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1906, for a copy of all petitions, let- ters, correspondence, reports, memoranda, and any other documemts respecting the dismissal of Mr. Patrick Walsh from the postmastership of East Roman Valley, in the county of Guysborough, Nova Scotia. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr Lancaster Not Printed. 77c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence and orders in possession of the government, or any member or official thereof, respecting the dis- missal of Mrs. Sarah Smith from the office of postmistress at Mount Buchanan, Prince Edward Island, and the appointment of Mr. Bishop in her stead. Presented 7th May, 1906. — Mr. McLean [Queen's) Not printed. 12 5 Edw. V^ir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. 77d. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th May, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence^ telegriams and petitions, in possession of the government, or any member or official thereof, in refer- ence to the dismissal of David D. Cottin as postmaster at Head of Hillsboro' in Prince Edward Island, and the appointment of his successor. Presented 4th June, 1906. — Mr. Martin (Queen's) Not printed. 78. Return to an order of the House of Commons dated 28th March, 1906, for a copy of the report of the deputy postmaster general, that an additional first-class clerkship is necessary for the proper per- formance of the public business in the department, for which clerkship parliament is asked to vote money ; also for a copy of the report of tlie deputy postmaster general, that an additional second- class clerkship is necessary for the proper performance of the public business in the department, for which clerkship parliament is asked to vote money. Presented 5th April, 1900. — Mr. Barker. Not printed. 79. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, for copies of all petitions, let- ters and correspondence relating to the change of the location of the post office at French Village, Prince Edward Island. Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. McLean [Queea'' s) Not printed. 80. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, foe copies of all correspond- ence with the government by any parties in Lethbridge, concerning any matters in connection with the Lethbridge coal miners' strike, and the calling out of the mounted police in connection with the same. Presented 6th April, 1906. — Mr. Smith (Nanaimo) Not printed. 81. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the names of all the homestead inspectors at present attached to the thirteen agencies throughout Manitoba and the Northwest, and a record showing the number of days that each insf)e(tor was absent from his regu- lar duties, between the 1st of July and the .31st December, 1905, the cause of said absence, and a statement of expenses for each month during that period. Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. Mc- Carthy (Calgary) Not printed. 82. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April,1900, for a copy of the order in coun- cil appointing Mr. VV. A. Weeks to investigate certain matters in dispute respecting lands taken by the Prince Edward Island Railway, and certain other matters in dispiite connected with that rail- way ; also a copy of the evidence and report of the said W. A. Weeks in the matter. Presented 6th April, 1906. — Mr. Martin (Queen's) Not printed. 83. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all correspond- ence had between the government or any department or member thereof, and the Transcontinental Construction Commission, in reference to the surveys of location of the route of the Transcontinental Railway, in the province of New Brunswick. Presented 6th April, 1906.— ilfr. Crocket. .Not printed. 83a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th April, 1906, for copies of all correspond- ence h.ad between the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company and the government or any depart- ment thereof, and between the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company and the Transcontinental Railway Commission, in reference to the survey and location of the proposed Transcontinamtal Rail- way between Quebec and Moncton. Presented 1st June, 1906. —Mr Crocket Not printed. 84. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all forms of appli- cation for homestead entries used since the year 1890. Presented 6th April, 1900. — Mr. Ingram. Not printed. 85. Statement showing the wharfs transferred to the department of marine and fisheries since 1896. Presented 6th April, 1906, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Not printed. 86. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, (a) setting forth the various laws in the United Kingdom, and in the various dependencies and colonies of the Empire, with respect to the naturalization of aliens ; [b) defining the effect of naturalization consummated in Great Britain, or in the various colonies or dependencies, respectively, when a person so naturalized be- comes domiciled thereafter, in any other portion of the Empire ; (c) setting forth anj' efforts hereto- fore made by the government of the United Kingdom, or of any colony or dependency, or by any body or association, for the purpose of securing uniformity in the naturalization laws throughout the Empire. Presented 6th April, 1906. — Mr. Borden [Carlecon). " Beport of Departmental Committee " printed for Sessional Paj ers 13 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. 87. Copy of a letter arJdres.sed to S. G. Curry, Esquire, architect, informing him that, under an order in council, a commission will be to-day issued to him jointly with Mr. A. C. Hutchison, architect, of Montreal, to hold an investigation and to report upon an accident which occurred on the morning of the oth instant, by the collapse of part of the tower in the west block extension of the departmental buildings in this city. Plans and specifications of the said extension accompany the said letter. Presented Oth April, 190G, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Not printed 88. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1905, for copies of all reports, re- turns, estimates, correspondence, writings, records, documents, memoranda, or written or printed information of any kind in the jwssession or control of the post office department, in reference to the question of establishing rural mail delivery in Canada, or the manner of establishing or conducting such service, and the probable cost ; including any information in the jwssession of the department as to the working of the United States system, or such a service or system elsewhere and the annual expense and other particulars. Presented flth April, 1906. — Mr. Lennox. Printed for Sessional Papers. 89. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1900, for a copy of all correspondenc*, letters, telegrams, memorials or other documents, between the post office department, or any official thereof, and any person or i^ersons, respecting the removal of the post office in the town of Thorn- dale, Ontario, from the place of business of Mr. S. Duffins, to the place of business of Mr. J. Fal- coner. Presented 9th April, 1906.— ilfr. Elson Not printed. 90. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, showing all timber lands sold or leased by the department of the interior subsequent to the date of those included in Sessional Paper No. 39, brought down to the house on the 12th March, 1906 ; the description and area of such lots, the applications made therefor, the notice of advertisement for sale or tender, the tenders received, the amount of each tender, the tenders accepted, the name and address of the person or company to whom each lot was sold or leased. Presented 9th April, 1906.— i¥^r. Foster Not printed. 91. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number of homesteaders to make entry in and for the territory now included in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, during each year between 1896 and 31st December, 1905. 2. The nationality of said homesteaders, dividing same into the following categories : (a) British North America ; (6) Great Britain and Ireland : (c) the United States ; [d] France, Belgium and Switzer- land ; (e) Germany, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland ; (/) all other countries of continental Europe ; [g] all other nationalities ; {h) persons who previously made entry. Presented 9th April, 1906.— ilfr. Wilson (Lennox and Addington) Not printed. 91a.' Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The nun.ber of authorizations granted, under the authority of subsection 3 of article 34 of the Dominion Lands Act, for one person to make homestead entry on behalf of another person, during each of the j^ears of 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 and 1905. 2. Of the homestead entries made in consequence of said authori- zations, during each of the years 1901 and 1902 ; how many have resulted in a demand for a patent ; how many have been cancelled ; how many stood upon the books of the department of the interior on 1st January, 1906, as neither patented nor cancelled. 3. How many of the homesteads entered for during 1901 and 1902 on behalf of absent parties by means of powers of attorney, have been patented in the name of the peison for whom the original entry was made. Presented 11th April, 1906. Mr. Lake Not printed. 916. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th iSIarch, 19C6, showing, in respect of every case w^here, during the year ending 30th June, 1905, and during the six months ending 31st Decem- ber, 1905, an extension of time within which to complete his entry, has been accorded any home- steader within the territory now included in the provinces of ^Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta ; giving ; (a) the name of the applicant for said extension ; {b) his post office address at the time of original entrj' ; (c) the date and agency of original homestead entry ; (d) the location of the land in question, indicating township, range and section ; (c) the earliest date at which applicant might have become entitled to secure a patent, had all conditions been promptly fulfilled ; (f) post office addiess of applicant at time of demand for extension ; {g) the date of demand for extension ; (fe) the length of extension granted ; (i) the cause of granting extension ; (j) the name or names of any and all parties who may have communicated with the department for the purpose of recom- mending the granting of said extension ; (k) the name of the homestead inspector who reported on 14 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. the case, and whether he advised in favour of granting an extension or the contrary ; [Ij the name and address of any and every person who shall have ajjplied to record a cancellation against said section or part thereof. All the aljove information to be arranged according to agencies. Presented 11th April, Um.—Mr. Amr.» Not printed. 91c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : (a) the number of land sales, withdrawing even sections from homestead entry, made by the department of the in- terior during the year 1904 5, and during the six months ending Slst December, 1905, together with the total acreage represented thereby ; {h) the same regarding land sales affecting only odd* sec- tions ; (c) the same regarding land sales affecting solid blocks of both even and odd sections. Pre- sented 23rd April, 1906.— J/r. McCarthy (Galgary) Not printed^ Did. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number of homestead entries recorded each fiscal year from 1S70 to 1905, and also during the six months end- ing 31st December, 1905, for the territory comprised in the present provinces of Manitoba, Saskatche- wan and Alberta. 2. The number and percentage of such entries for each year for which patents have prior to the 31st December, 1905, been granted, or recommendations made for the issue of patents. 3. The number and percentage of such entries for each year that have, prior to the 31st December, 190.5, been cancelled. 4. The number and percentage of such entries for each year which, neither patented or cancelled, remained in an incompleted state on the first of January, 1906. Pre- sented 8th June, 1906. — Mr. Lake Not printed. 92. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the name and post office address of each person or company having a closed grazing lease, granted for a period of more than three years, by the department of the interior, of lands in Alberta or Saskatchewan, giving in each instance, (a) the location boundaries and area of each tract of land so leased ; [b) the date of issue and of expiry of said lease ; (c) the annual rental specified therein ; (rt) and the amount of overdue rental wherever such be the case. Presented 9th April, 1906. — Mr Ames Not printed. 03. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for copies of all correspon- dence, telegrams, memoranda, reports and orders in council, in possession of the government, or any member or official thereof, in connection with the grant of an additional subsidy to the province of Prince Edward Island in 1901, of 830,000 a year, and the basis on which the said subsidy was agreed to be paid to the province. Pre-ented 10th April, 1906. — Mr. Martin (Queen's/ Not printed. 94. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of all correspondence and contracts, if any, list of payments to men employed by the department of marine and fisheries in construction of Lake Ocebe lighthouse, on the Maganetawan River, district of Parry Sound. Pre- sented 10th April, 1906.— ATr. Bennett Not printed.^ 95. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 17th April, 1906, for copies of orders in council and correspondence having reference to the assumption by the department of railways and canals of the several dams owned by the Ontario government on the head and subsidiary waters of the Trent canal. Presented 17th April, 1906.— Son. ff. R. •Emmerson Not printed. 95a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, showing the progress made and sums expended from time to time upon the construction of the Trent canal, giving the dates of the various contracts let, the completion of said contracts, the names of contractors on said contracts, the amount paid in extras, and the causes of these extras. Presented 2Cth April, 1906.— Mr. Hughes (Victoria) Not printed. 96. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all correspon- dence between the provincial governments on the subject of the readjustment of provincial subsidies. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Parmdee Printiedfor both distribution and sessional papers. 97. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all petitions, re- ports, letters, notices, telegrams, correspondence, recommendations, bonds, leases, papers and docu- ments in relation to a site and new post office building in the county of Elgin, at Aylmer. Presen- ted 17th April, 1906.— 3/r. Ingram -. Not printed. 98. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, showing all amounts paid for dredging in the province of Ontario, from the 1st July, 1905, up to the present time ; the place where such work was performed ; the names of parties doing such work, and the amount paid there- for ; also of any unpaid amounts due or alleged to be due for dredging, showing the amount, the parties claiming, and where the work was done. Presented 17th April, 1906.— J/r. Bennett. Not printed, 15 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME l^^— Continued. 99. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17tli April, 1006, for copy of a circular letter, dated the 19th March, 1006, addressed to the judges of the various courts throughout the Dominion by the deputy minister of justice, embodying the question propounded in the house of commons on on the 14th March, 1900, regarding the manner in which the provisions of section 7 of 4 and 5 Ed- ward VII, cap. 31, ,are being observed, and the answer given thereto on behalf of the government by the minisur of justice. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Not printed. 99a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, showing, (a) the number of judges whose salaries are paid out of the consolidated revenue of Canada ; [b] the name and residence of each judge; [c) the amount of salary and exi>enses paid to each judge; (rf) the area of the judicial district inwliich such judge exercises jurisdiction, and in the case of local, district, and county judges, the population of the district ; (c) the number of eases tried by each judge in each year since the let January, 1901; (/) the number of motions, petitions, &c., dis]X)sed of by eacli judge during each year, at chambers or in a i^ummary manner; (g) the number of days during which each judge was actually engaged in the performance of judicial dutiss ; (h) the number of days during which each judge was engaged in anj^ occupation, business or matter other than the performance of his judicial duties. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Leinox Not printed, 100. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of the report made by the deputy minister of labour, on the result of his investigation into the complaints of the Win- nipeg printers, and anj' i^apeis, showing what action, if any, has been taken by the government on his report. Presented 17th April, 1900. — Mr. Vervi')e Not printed. 101. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2.Sth March, 1906, showing what land sales have been made in blocks or area of more than one-half section, during the years 1903, 1904 and 1905, in Manitoba, the Territories, including the new provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and Bntish Columbia ; to whom the same were sold in each instance ; the price per acre, and the date of sale in each instance. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Sproule Not printed 102. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1905 : 1. For copies of all adver tisements, tenders, contracts, plans, specifications and papers, relating to the construction of the several sections of the Murray Harbour Branch Railway. 2. Of the several articles of rolling stock referred to at page 2186 of Hansard of 28th April, 1904, supplied on capital account to the aforesaid railway in each of the years there mentioned ; with the prices at which each article was charged to capital. 3. The names of the companies, persons or railw ays from whicli each such article was acquired, and the price therefor ; stating if the article was new or second-hand. 4. The use to which each such article was ajiplied when acquired, what compensation was received for such use, from whom, and how the proceeds were applied. 5. Where each such article of rolling stock is now, in whose use, and on what terms. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Barker Not printed. 103. Report of an inquiry into certain matters connected wiih the construction of the Ottawa post office. Presented 18th April, 1900, by Hon. C. S, Hyman Not printed. 10-4. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, for copies of the contract, to- gether with i)lans and specifications, between the government and the Dominion Coal Company, for the improvement of Glace Bay Harbour for public purposes : also copies of all corresjxindence, telegrams, memoranda, and representations made by delegates, members of parliament, or any other persons, having reference thereto ; also copies of all accounts furnished to the government for expenditures on Glace Bay Harbour, by the Dominion Coal Company. Presented 19th April, 1906. Mr Martin (Queen's) , Not printed. If'S. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 15th March, 1906, of the number and amount of policies transferred from assessment section to legal reserve sectioa under Act of 1904, by the Mutual Reserve Life Insurance Company of New York ; also the number and amount of policies written by the company during the year 1905 and the cash paj-ments made thereon. Presented 19th April, 1906. — Hon. Mr. McMuUen Not printed. 106. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, for copies of all orders in council, surveys, reports, options, agreements for the purchase or lease, letters, telegrams, corre- spondence and other documents of every nature and description, relating to the acquisition of land for the purixjse of military training at Petawawa, in the province of Ontario, together with the names, occupations, and addresses of all persons, firms and corporations from whom any such lands 16 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. were purchased, leased or otherwise acquired ; the dates when such property was purchased, leased or otherwise acquired. Also a return showing the extent of the lands purchased, leased or other- wise acquired from each person, firm or corporation, the consideration therefor, the amount of the purchase or rental, and all amounts paj-ahle in respect thereof, including any commission upon said purchase, rental or acquisition. Also the names of all persons civil or military, who acted for the government in connection with such purchasing, leasing or other acquisition. Also all letters, tele- grams, papers, correspondence and other documents between the vendor or lessee, or any persons acting for them and the government, or any person acting for the government, including all protests of persons owning or claiming to own land in the vicinity ; and all correspondence between such persons and the government, and all correspondence between any person acting for the government, and any jjerson or persons claiming to be interested in ailK^ such purchase, sale or acquisition. Also the names of all persons engaged in making the final or other settlement of anv claims for the purchasing, leasing or other acquisition of any such lands, or for trespass upon or interference with any adjoining lands, or the persons residing thereon, and a full statement of all the amounts, if any, paid to each such person engaged in making any such settlement, or in making any arrangement in connection with such claims. Also a statement of the amount and nature of all claims for trespass or interference, and of all sums paid or payable in respect thereof. Presented 23rd April, 1906. — Mr. Worthington jiot printed 107. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, sho^\dng the number of mail contracts in Peel county, giving location, number of miles, names of couriers, and price paid. Also date of commencement, date of expii-ation, and names of bondsmen ; also if public tenders were asked ; the name of each preceding contract, with name of courier, and the price paid. Presented 23rd April, 1906.— J/;-. Blain Not printed. 108. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of all reports and communications from the superintendent of insurance to the government, or to the minister of fin- ance, during the years 1903, 1904 and 1905, relating or referring to the desirability or expediency of any further amendment or amendments to the Insurance Act, or relating or referring to anv defects in said act. Presented 23rd April. 1906. — Mr. Borden (CarlctonJ Not printed 108a Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for a copy of the special report of the superintendent of insurance addressed to the minister of finance, bearino- data 9th November, 1905 ; also copies of all other reports, correspondence and documents, from 1st January 1905, up to the date of the return, respecting the regulation of life insurance in Canada. Presented 23rd April, WOG.—Mr. Borden (Carleton) ^^f printed 108'^. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all telegrams reports, communications, investigations, letters and documents of every description, relatino- to the necessity of investigating the working of insurance companies doing business in the Dominion of Canada, including all correspondence, communications and other documents, whether advocatino-or opposing, or otherwise relating to the commission recently appointed for the above purpose • or any investigation either by the government or by a commission, committee of the house, or otherwise into the matters aforesaid ; also in connection with the recommendation and appointment of the commissioners. Presented 23rd April, 1906. — Mr. Ingram jf^-^^^ nri'iied 109. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1905, for copies of all correspondence dSei.ate, the daily pay of each, and the names and duties of each ; the number of em- ployees of both classes who were employed in the session of 1896. Presented 11th May, 1906. — Mr. Sproule . Notxtrinted. 114^. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 8th instant, showing payments made to permanent and sessional employees during the fiscal year 1895-6, and 1904-5. Presented 14th May, 1906. — Hon tiir Mackenzie Bow.ell Not printed . 115. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for copies of all correspond- ence between the CoUingwood Drj' Dock Company and any department in reference to bounty payable to said company ; also a copy of the valuation of said dock, if any, made on behalf of the depart- ment of public works. Presented 24th April, 1906. — Mr. Bennett Not printed. 116. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April. 1906, showing : [a) what quantities of fish of different classifications, naming them, were entered for export at the ports of Port Arthur, Fort William, Sault Ste. Marie, Manitoulin Island and all Georgian Bay ports, respectively, during the fiscal years ending 30th June, 1890, 1891. 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 ; (h) the value of such consignments so entered ; (c) the amount of duty paid thereon ; (d) the county or counties to which the said consignments were exported. Pre- sented 24th April, 1906. — Mr. Boyce Not printed. 117. A copy of a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Japan. Presented 24th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers . 118. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th ^Nlarch, 1906, for copies of all contracts for supplies of food for the permanent military forces and mounted police of the Dominion ; also for all the supplies of food to the volunteers at their annual drill camps last summer ; also for the supplies to the military schools of the Dominion. Presented 26th A-pv\\,1^0Q.— Mr. Smith (Went- worth) Not printed. 118a. Supplementary return to No. 118. Presented 1st May, 1906 Not printed. 119. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for copies of all reports, letters, communications, surveys, papers and documents respecting any defects in the Peterborough lift-lock, or any difficulties in the operation of the said lock, or any defects in the Trent Valley canal in the vicinity of or in connection with the Peterborough lift-lock. Presented 26th April, 1906.— vJ/r. Barker ^ jf^i printed. 1 19a. Return to an orderYf the House of Commons, dated 14th May, 1906, for copies of all correspondence, inquiries, reports, or other data bearing upon the Trent canal in connection with the lift lock ai Peterborough and the works at Kirkfield ; together with all correspondence with engineers, solicitors and contractors, in connection with the same. Presented 13th June, 1906!— JV/r. Hughes (Victoria) Not printed. 120. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1906, for a copy of all contracts with steamship companies for steamboat service between Canada and Mexico. Presented 27th April, 1906.— ilfr. McLean (Queen's) Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 121. Extract from a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council approved by the Governor General on the 21st April, 1891, on a report from the minister of the interior in relation to the case of ' The Temperance Colonization Society (Limited).' Presented 27th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Not printed. 121a. Certified copy of a Report of a Committee of the Honourable the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the 21st April, 1901, respecting "The Temperance Colonization Society, Limited," and defining in general terms the mode of dealing with colonization companies desiring to have their agreements cancelled and their accounts with the government closed. Presented 29th May, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver j^-Qt printed ^ 19 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. 122. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 190(j, for co|>ies of all orders in council, or other authority, for the survey of a branch line of railway from the main line of the Prince Edward Island Railway to Stanley Bridge ; also for copies of all engineers' reports, memoranda, &c., correspondence, telegrams, or other documents in relation thereto ; including the claims of Austin J. Macneill and others for damages to property in connection with the said survey. Presented 30th April, 1!)06.— ilfr Martin (Queen's) Not printed. 123. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated !)th April, l'JO(!, for copies of all letters, telegrams, communications and correspondence received since the first day of -January, 1905, from any government, corporation, firm, or person, respecting the qualit}' of fruit exported from Canada and relating to the inspection of such fruit ; and copies of all letters and communications from any department of the government in reply thereto. Presented 30th Apiil, 1906. — Mr. Smith (Went- worth ) Not printed. 123«. Partial Return (in so far as the Department of Trade and Commerce is concerned) to an address of the Senate, dated 24th April, 1900, for a statement showing : 1st. The number of barrels and boxes of apples (stated separately) exported from Canada to foreign countries, including those shipped through United States ports ; 2nd. The number of packages of Canadian apples (stated as aforesaid) delivered at the following European ports : London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Manchester, Bristol, Belfast, Hamburg, Havre and Antwerp. The number of barrels and boxes (stated separately) and to be given separately, for each of the aforesaid ports ; 3rd. The number of packages as aforesaid, bearing the marks required by the Fruit Marks Act, stating separately the number of packages bearing each of the different marks authorized by the said act ; 4th. The number of packages as aforesaid, which were found by the inspectors appointed by the department of agriculture or the commercial agents of the department of trade and commerce, to be dishonestly packed or falsely marked ; 5th. The names of all inspectors appointed by the government, or the department of agriculture operating either in Canada or elsewhere, under the provisions of the Fruit Marks Act, and the salary and other allowances paid to each, and the territory covered by each in.spector ; 6th. The names of all the commercial agents employed by the government or the department of trade and commerce and operating in the United Kingdom, the British Colonies and foreign countries and the salary and other allowances paid to each, and the territory covered by each agent. Present- ed 9th May, 1906.— fi'on. Mr. Ferr/uson Not printed. 123'/. Supplementary return to No. 123a. Presented 9th May, 190G Not vrinted. 124. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of all contracts between the Ross Rifle Company and the government, or the department of militia, for the supply of rifles, ammunition, or other articles, and all orders in council, correspondence, reports, docu- ments and papers relating to such contracts or to the subject-matter thereof, or to the operations of the company', or to its dealing with the government, or any of the departments thereof, including the department of customs. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr. Worthington .'. Not printed. 125. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for a copy of the report of A. E. DuBerger, on the drug and proprietary medicine trade of Canada. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr. Parmelee Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 126. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd .A.pril, 1906, for a copy of the report made by the deputy minister of labour on the results of his investigation into the importation of Italian labourers into the city of Montreal in the spring of 1904. Presented 1st Maj\ 1906. — Mr. Verville. Not printed. 127. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for copies of all corres- pondence, plans, specifications, surveys, &c., pertaining to relief from the river Thames, say between the city of London and Lake St. Clair for the overflow of water from the said river, pertaining to canal or cut off to Lake Erie or other points. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr. Clements. .Not printed. 128. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th April, 1906, for a copy of the specifications for the Victoria Memorial Museum, especially that portion thereof showing the kind, quality and dimensions of stone to be used by the contractor in the exterior walls of the same ; also for a copy of all correspondence regarding stone for the said building between the government, or any department, 20 5 Edvv. Yll. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. minister or official, and every person or corporation, including the contractor, Mr. Goodwin, and the owners or lessees of the Read, Battery, River Phillip, and other quarries. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr. Pcrley Not printed. 129. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a cx)pyof all correspondence and reports relative to the sale of the Giant's Tomb Island, or timber thereon, or to any negotiations with any person or persons for the purchase of said Island or timber thereon, or both. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Baineit Not jjrinted. 130. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th April, 1906, for a copy of a certain report or communication to the department of the interior, from C. W. Speers, an officer of that depart- ment, dated in or about the month of February, 1901, recommending that 10,000 acres of land, included in or situate near the land afterwards sold by the government to Colonel A. I). Davidson and his associates should be broken at the expense of the government, to establish the fact that grain could be produced in that district ; also for a copy of the map submitted therewith ; also for a copy of all repDrts, letters and communications to the said department, up to the 24th day of May, 1902, respecting the quality or value of the said lands, mentioned in the order in council of that date. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — M?: Barker Not printed. ISOcf. Supplementary return to Xo. 130. Presented 11th May, 190f) Not printed. 131. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the amount of money scrip redeemed in Dominion lands, and the number of acres thus purchased from the govern- ment, (fl) in Manitoba; [h] in the Northwest, the figures for each year from 1875 to 31st December, 1905, being given separately. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Roche (Marquette ) Not printed. 132. Return to an order of the House of Connnons, dated 21st March 1906, of all the valuations made in or previously to the year 1902, of the lands sold or granted in that year to the Saskatchewan Galley Land Company. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — 3Ir. Borden (Carleton) Not printed. 133. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number of allotments of 240 aci'es of land, and acreage covered by the sanie, made between the 1st of July, 1896, and the 31st of December, 1905, to the half-breeds of Manitoba, giving separately the figures for each year, and for the final six months. 2. The land scrip, if any, issued during the aforesaid period to colonization companies, giving in the case of each such company the name and head office address, and also giving the face value of such scrip and the year of its issuance. 3. The number and acreage of land scrip issued during the same period, to the half-breeds of the Northwest (now Alberta and Saskatchewan), giving separately the figures for each year and for the final six months. 4. The number of acres of land scrip located within the limit of each of the thirteen Dominion land agencies of Manitoba and the Northwest, between the 1st of July, 1896, and the 31st of December, 1905, the figures of each agency each year to be give.i separately. 5. The number of acreage of land 'scrip granted prior to 1st July, 1896, to the half-breeds (a) in Manitoba and (6) of the Northwest. 6. The amount outstanding, granted but not located, on 1st July, 1896. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Roche (Marquette) Not pirinted. 13-1. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing: (1) The total number of acres of land within the present limits of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, voted by parliament to railway companies. 2. The area of said lands in respect of which the time by law specified for earning the same has elapsed. 3. The area of said lands («) which has been earned, selected and patented ; (b) which has been earned and selected, but not patented ; (c) which has been earned but neither selected nor patented. 4. The area of land which may yet be earned by any railway company, indicating the name of the company, and the amount of subsidy possible. 5. In the case of each of the following roads, the Canadian Northern Railway Company, the Manitoba and Southeastern Railway Company, and the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway Compan}-, (a) the quantity of land which may yet be earned ; [h] the quantity earned but not patented ; (c) the extent, location (giving township and range), and boundaries of the reserved territory wherein each of the remaining selections may be made. 6. The several orders in council by virtue of which the area of selection affecting the companies mentioned in paragraph 5 were indicated, and any amendments of the same. The whole of the above information to be brought up to 1st January, 1906. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — 7(//-. Ames .' Not printed. 135. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th April, 1906, for a copy of any and all proposals or requests made by or on behalf of A. D. Davidson, his associates, or any of them, for 21 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS' OF VOLUME U— Continued. purchase or acquisition of lands from the government or any department thereof, and particularly the proposal referred to in Sessional Paper 132a, 1893, page 159, being order in council, approved 24tb May, 1902, and of all correspondence and other papers in any wise relating to said proposal or proposals. Also for a copy of any and all recommendations of any such proposals or dealing there- with, made by the commissioner of immigration, or general colonization agent, or either of them, referred to in said order in council, together with all corrSi^pondence and other papers in any wise relating to such recommendations. Also for a copy of any and all acceptance and acceptances, consent and consents in writing, by or on behalf of said A. D. Davidson, or associates, or any of them ; of or to the terms of disposal of lands, set out in said order in council, and bearing numbers one to nine, both inclusive, or of or to any of such terms, together with all correspondence and other papers, in any wise relating to such acceptance or consent. Also for a copy of any and all agreement and agreements in writing, at any time made by the government, or any department thereof, with said A. D. Davidson, and associates, or any of them, for sale of lands, based on said order in council, approved 24th May, 1903, or on any modification thereof, together wth all correspondence and other papers in any wise relating to such agreement or agreements. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Alcorn Not printed . 136. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of (a) all plans showing proposals of any railway or other corporation, or person, or association of persons, for and with regard to expropriation of Whitefish Island, in St. Mary's River, Ontario, or of i)ortions thereof, and of water or land covered by water, surrounding the same ; (6) of all correspondence between this government and the government of the province of Ontario, or anj department thereof, and with any other person, firm or corporation, relating thereto, and of all reports, decisions, or findings upon such applications or proposals ; (c) of all reports of and correspondence with the International Waterways Commission, with respect to erection, maintenance or alteration of dams, water-powers, and other works or erections in St. Mary's River. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Boyce. Not printed. 137. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1906, showing imports and exports between United States and Canada for the last fiscal year, on the following agricultural products, showing Canadian duty and United States duty, also showing any of the following articles, and amount admitted free between United States and Canada : tobacco, corn, potatoes, barley, beans, oats, haj', eggs, fowls, butter, pork, beef, vegetables, apples, wood, cattle, hogs, sheep, horses, hay, canned vegetables, canned fruits, evaporated and dried apples, lard, hides and cheese. Presented VI 1 1^" 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Clements ... Not printed. 138. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23i-d April, 1906, for a copy of all order.* in council, reports, correspondence, documents and papers, relating to the proposed sale, grant or disposal by the government of 'any lands in the province of Alberta, or in the province of Saskatchewan, to a syndicate or company in which Messieurs M. A. Walsh, E. C. Walsh, E. G. Walsh, of Clinton, Ohio ; A. W. Carrol, Charles Maher, of Iowa, and J. Brown of Neepawa, Man- itoba, or any or either of them are interested, or which they or any or either of them, or any person or iJersons on their behalf, are jjromoting. Presented 7th May, 1906. — Mr. McCarthy, (Calgary). Not printed. 139. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated ISth April, 1906, for a copy of aU letters, cor- respondence and communications between the minister of the interior pr any department of the government and the superintendent imder the Children's Protection Act of British Columbia, re- specting the sale and slavery in British Columbia of young girls for immoral purjxjses ; also a copy of all reports and communications from the agents of the Indian department in British Columbia, with respect to the matters aforesaid, and all replies or communications from the department to such agents. Presented 7th May, 1906, — Mr. Borden ( Carleton) Not printed. 140. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated I4th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number of allotments of land scrip and the total acreage covered therebj', made to half-breeds (a) in ]Manitoba, and (h) in the Northwest, between 1st July, 1904, and 31st December, 1905. 2. The number of land warrants, if any, and the acreage covered thereby, issued for military services within the same period. 3. The number of scrip, if any, and the acreage covered thereby, issued to the Northwest Mounted Police within the same period. 4. The number and acreage of all the above outstanding on the 31st December, 1905. All the above information being required in order to bring the infor- mation contained in Sessional Paper No. 67cf, brought down the 13th July, 1904, up to the end of the last calendar yea Presented 7th May, 1906. — Mr . Roche (Marquette) Not printed. 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. 141. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, for copies of all correspon- dence had with the department of the interior, or the minister of that department, or any member of the government, including all statements, charges or information, made against or concerning Philip Wagnei, at one time in the employ of the government. Presentea 8th May, 1906. — Mr. Foster Not printed. 142. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th of April, 1906, for a copy of all correspond- ence and papers relating to any and all applications made by or on behalf of the Great Northern Railway Company for subsidies ; also what subsidies were granted to that railway, by whom or through what person such subsidies were applied for, on what dates, for what portions of the rail- way, and of what amounts, on what terms and conditions were subsidies granted, and to what persons, firms or corporations such subsidies, or any part or parts thereof, were paid. Presented 10th May, 1906.— il/r. Boi/ee Not printed. 143. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1906, for copies of all corrsspondence, reports, telegrams, valuations and memoranda in possession of the government, or any member or official thereof, with reference to damages for lands expropriated for railway purposes on the line built between Montague, and Cardigan, Prince Edward Island ; also names of commissioners or valuators, or both ; copies of all valuations made, by whom made, giving the names and the amounts separately awarded to each ; also list of names of persons who accepted valuators' awards, and also of persons whose valuations have not been accepted by the government ; also list of persons who have been paid or accepted valuations. Presented 10th May, 1906.— ilfr. McLean, ('Queen's). Not printed. 144. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906 : 1. For copies of all corre- spondence for the last two years on immigration between the Canadian High Commissioner, in London, England, and Mr. W. T. R. Preston, Dominion Commissioner of Immigration, at London, England. 2. For copies of all correspondence for the last two years on immigration between the said W. T. R. Preston and Mr. W. T. Griffith, Secretary, High Commissioner's office, London, England. Presented 11th May, 1906. — Mr. Wilson (Lennox and Addington) Not printed. 144a. Supplementary return to No. 144. Presented 30th May, 1906 Not printed. 145. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 27th April, 1906, for a statement showing the conditions on which the Songhees Indian Reserve in Victoria has been handed over to the government of British Columbia— as to the purchase of a new reserve, the building of dwellings, church, and school house, showing also the manner in which it is intended to dispose of the money in the hands of the Dominion government to the credit of the Songhees Indians. Presented 9th May, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Macdonuld (Victoria) Not printed. 146. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence, papers, &c., between the superintendent of the Prince Edward Island Railway, or other official, with other interested parties, relative to the acquiring of the Hodgson property on the St. Peters Road, near Charlottetown, and at the entrance of the new bridge, for the purposes of straightening the road. Presented 14th May, 1906. — Mr. Lefurgeii , Not printed. 147. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, for a copy of all telegrams, petitions, orders and correspondence with reference to the removal of the post office from North Lake to Blake Point, Prince Edward Island, and to the return of the office to its original location. Pre- sented 15th May, 1906. — Mr. McLean, {Queen's) Not printed. 148. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th April, 1906, for a copy of all reports re- garding the Riding Mountain timber reserve, since 1st January, 1900, by any officers of the govern- ment. Presented 15th May, 1906. — Mr. Roche (Marquette) Not printed. 148a. Supplementary return to No. 148. Presented 22nd May, 1906 . Not printed. 149. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of the contract with the Chicoutimi Pulp Company regarding the building, maintenance and operation of the piers and booms above Chicoutimi, on the Saguenaj' River ; also a copy of the reports from the officers of the government under ivhich ii was decided to build these works, and of all correspondence relating thereto. Presented 15th May, 1906. — Mr. Perley Not printed. 150. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the amounts voted and the amounts expended, under their proper heading, each j-ear since 30th June, 1896, on Port Bruce harbour ; the date of such pajTnents, to whom the payments were made, and the amount paid 23 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Pjipers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Coniinwed. to each person ; the amount paid for actual labour performed ; the amount paid for material not used, and when, and the amount paid for material used ; quantity and kind of material purchased, and the price, and from whom purchased ; ihe present actual condition of the harbour ; a copy of the estimated cost of the harbour, including dredging and breakwater ; also copies of all advertise- ments calling for tenders, as well as all tenders and contracts and correspondence on the subject. The names of all dredges employed since 30th June, 1896, and their owners ; also copies of all tele- grams, letters, reports, petitions, documents, correspondence, investigations and communications of every description in connection with said harbour works ; also a copy of the pay-roll for each year since 30th June. 18!)6, the names of all foremen, superintendents and inspectors, with their length of service as such, and by whom recommended, and all correspondence in connection with their ap- ' pointment, the names of all civil engineers employed on the works, and by whom recommended, and all correspondence in connection therewith ; also the name of the person or persons who paid the re- spective amounts at Port Bruce for material furnished and labour performed. Presented loth ISIay, 1<)06.— il/r. hvjrain. -^o^ printed. 151. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1905, showing the names of resi- dents of the Northwest Territories, not entitled to a second homestead, for whom the sanction of the department has been given, allowing tliem to purchase additional quarter sections, subject to ordin- ary cultivation conditions : the dates upon which such sanctions were given, the lands which have been purchased by such settlers in consequence of this authority, with the price agreed upon, and the sum paid down ; also the form in which the authority to make the sale was made known to the local agents of Dominion lands. Presented 17th May, 1906.— Afr. Lake Not 'printed. 1 52. Return to an order of the House of Commons,dated 9th May, 190G, showing the number of Indian agents in the employ of the government ; the number of Indians in the Yukon ; the number of Indian schools in the Yukon ; the number of officials of the Indian department in the employ of the govern- ment in the Yukon ; the number of Indian reserves in the Yukon ; the number of Indians in British Columbia ; the number of Indian schools in British Columbia ; the number of officials of the Indian department in the employ of the government in British Columbia ; the numoer of medical officials who have received remuneration of any kind out of the Indian department, and the total amovmt thus paid by the government in each province ; the amount of the Indian reserve land disposed of since 1896, and the price per acre received in each case ; the total amoimt expended in the year 1905 on the following reserves, respectively : Kettle Point, Stony Point, and Sarnia Reserve, and the population on each reserve, and the number of schools and teachers ; the amount of salary paid to the Indian agents in the Yukon and British Columbia ; the average Indian "population in the re- serves in each province of the Dominion ; the number of reserves in the Dominion having a popula- tion of less than each respective number given, viz. : 100, 75, 50, 30, 20, 10, 5, 3, in the year 1905 ; the total amount paid to Indian department officials of this government in each province of the Dominion^ Presented 17th May, 19C6. —Mr. Armstromj Not printed. 153. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, for copies of all correspondence, petitions, memorials, reports of inspectors, and all papers whatsoever, relating to the closing of Lake Manitoba from summer fishing. Presented 17th May, 1906.— Mr Crawford Not printed. 154. Return to address of the Senate, dated 14th March, 1906, for all correspondence between the pilot commissioners, the secretary of the board of pilot commissioners, or any of the officials of that board, at Sydney, Cape Breton, and the department of marine and fisheries, or any of the officials of the said department, showing : 1st. The amount paid into' the pilots' retiring fund in each year, from 31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905, repectively. 2nd. The amount paid into the pilots' widows' and orphans' relief fund from 31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905, respectively. 3rd. The disposition made of the said funds in each "year during the above-mentioned period ; the amount on hand on 31st December, 1905, the interest it bears ; where it is deposited ; the security for its safety for the benefit of the widows and the orphans of the pilots. -1th. The amount on hand in these funds, respectively, on 31st December, 1896 ; also all other correspondence, if any, bearing on this matter. Presented 17th May, 1906.— fi^o?i. Mr. McDonald (Cape Breton) Not printed. 155. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th of April, 1906, showing all coal lands leased, sold or otherwise disposed of during each year from 1896 to 1905, inclusive, giving the area dis|X)sed of, the party to whom, the consideration therefor, the assignments made, if any, and the date thereof, and the name of the assignee in each case. Presented 22nd May, 1906.— Mr. Foster ■ Not })rinted 24 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. 156. Correspondence, &c., relative to the mining rights underlying the surface of the lands as may be required for the right of way, station grounds, &e., of the Western Division of the Grand Trunk Pacific Kail way. Presented 22nd May, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 157. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, for a copy of all correspon- dence, letters, papers, lease or leases, relative to the leasing of the Blood Indian Reserve, in the province of Alberta, to the McEwan Cattle Company, of Brandon, or any other person or persons. Presented 23rd May, 1906.— Mr. Sproulc Not printed. 158. Return to an address of the House of Commoiw, dated 18th April, 1906, for a copy of an order in council passed on or about the 27th July, '1900, re certain lands in Alberta and Arthabasca, referred to in a question asked the government by Mr. Lefurgey on 9th April, instant, together with official plan or map showing lands referred to, and all other correspondence and papers in reference thereto, between the government or any person acting on ils behalf, and others, up to the present time.. Presented 23rd May, 1906.— J/r. Lefurgey Not printed. 159. Record of accidents and casualties investigated by the Board of Railway Commissioners, for the year ending 30th June, 190.5. Presented 28th May, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 160. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing the freight rates in force last year on the Prince Edward Island Railway, and the tariff in force on 1st April, 1906, for local traffic ; also a statement of the proportion of through freight rates on the Intercolonial Railway carloads of grain for export from Montreal to St. John, New Brunswick, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Sydney, Cape Breton, giving the several distances and the through freight rates charged on grain in carloads from Tignish, Prince Edward Island, to St. John, New Brunswick, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Sydney, Cape Breton, by Prince Edward Island Railway, government winter boats and Inter- colonial Railway, showing the several distances. Presented 29th May, 1906.— M?-. Lejunicy. Not printed. 161. Report of the commissioners appointed to hold an investigation and report upon the accident which occurred on the .5th April, 1906, by the collapse of part of the tower on the west block extension of the departmental buildings. Presented 29th May, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 161((. The evidence taken before the commissioners appointed to hold an investigation and report upon the accident which occurred on the 5th April, 1906, by the collapse of part of the tower on the west block extension of the departmental buildings. Presented 19th June, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman. Not 2)rinted. 1616. Correspondence in relation to the west block extension and the collapse of the tower. Presented 22nd June, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Not printed. 162. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing the total number of land patents issued, together with the acreage covered thereby, in and for the territory included within the limits of the present provinces of IManitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, between the 1st of July, 1901, and the 31st of December, 1905, under each of the following forms of grant : (a) com- mutation grants, (6) homesteads, (c) Manitoba Act grants, [d) military bounty grants, (e) Northwest half-breed grants, (/) parish sales, (jr) quit claim special grants, (/;.) railways, [i] sales of mining, farming, ranching, &c., (i) school land sales, (i-) special grants, (Z) and all others. Presented 29th May, 1906.— J/r. Avies Not printed. 163. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 19o6, showing what information is in possession of the department of the interior, or any department or member of the government, regarding alleged irregular or improper dealings, acts, charges, paynients, or accounts of any officer, agent or other person in Great Britain or Ireland, or in Europe, in connection with immigration to Canada ; what period is covered thereby ; also what communications, if any, upon or in relation to such matters have been had from or with the High Commissioner for Canada, the commissioner of immigration or others, in writing or otherwise ; also a copy of all correspondence, reports and papers, if any, relating to such matters. Presented 29th May, 1906.— ilfr. Barker Not printed. 16-1. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 15th May, 1906, calling for a statement showing : 1st. The amount paid for the railway known as the Canada Eastern in New Brunswick, and the name of the person or persons to whom the purchase money was paid. 2nd. The amount of money expended on said railway since its purchase by the government to the 1st of April, 1906, on buildings, repairs, 25 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. grading, culverts, bridges, ties, rails, and all other expenditures incurred in the improvement of said railway. 3rd. The total amount earned and received from the passengers, and for freights, separ- ately, to the 1st of April, 1906. 4th. Tlie total expenditure for operating said road, as a branch of the Intercolonial, from the date of purchase to the 1st of April, 1906. Presented 29th May, 1906. — Hon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell Not printed. 165. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 8th May, 1906, for a statement showing : 1. What amount has been paid out annually during the last five years for salaries and exjjenses of the staff chargeable with the inspection duties of the life insurance branch of the finance department. 2. Did such staff perform any duties other than those pertaining to inspection. 3. Names of the ofiBcers of such staff. 4. Salaries paid each such officer. 5. Amounts collected annually frorden Not printed. 184a. Regulations respecting pay, allowances, &c., to the Canadian militia. Presented 19th June, 1906, by Sir Frederick Borden Not pointed. 185. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing : In respect of any or all ties purchased by the departnif^nt of railwaj's and canals during the years 1903 -4 and 1904-5, from each of the fallowing : D. J. and J. I). Buckley, of Rogersville ; John Mahony, of Rogers- ville ; and Jude F. Gallant, of Rogersville ; (a) the classes and quantities of ties ; (6) prices paid ; (c) the places of delivery ; (c?) the number rejected ; (c) the name of the inspectors who represented the government ; (/) the quantitj' and value of the ties in store at Rogersville at the time of stock taking for the fiscal year 1904-5 ; (g) a copy of all correspondence, orders or papers of any nature in the possession of the department of railways and canals, or any official thereof,^elating to the ordering, purchasing, receiving, checking, inspecting, or refusing of any of said ties. Presented 19th June, 1906. — Mr. Ames Not printed. 186. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th May, 1906, showing the number of mail contracts in Elgin County, giving location, number of miles, names of couriers, and prices paid ; also date of commencement, date of expii-ation, and names of bondsmen ; also particulars of tenders, if any were called for ; the name of each preceding contractor, with the name of courier, and the price paid. Presented 19th June, 190 >.- Mr. Tngrarn ... Not printed. 187. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th May, 1906, showing : (1) What aid has been given by the Dominion government to the government^ of the various provinces of the Do- minion since confederation, for or towards the building of ]jrovincial railways, either bj^ original aid or by ultimately bearing a share of the cost of such undertakings. (2) What railway subsidies or aids originally granted or agreed to be granted, by the provinces respectively, have been ultimately paid or borne by the Dominion in aid of such railways during such period. (3) What moneys have been paid by the Dominion to the several provinces, respectively, during each such period for or in re- spect of such railways or the stock or bonds thereof, i-espectively, purchased, acquired or taken over in whole or in part by the Dominion. Presented 21st June, 1906.- J//-. Macdonell. Printed for sessional papers. 188. Return to an order of the House of Commons, date:! 14th May, 1906, shosving what lands have been selected by the Canadian Northern Railway Company, in accordance with the order in council of 10th August, 1903, in townships 15 to 20, both included, in ranges 9, 10, 11 and 12, west of 1st meri- dian. Also any lands i-eserved for selection by the Canadian Northern Railway Company, in the territory mentioned above, that may have reverted to the government bj- reason of the said company not exercising its right of selection thereto before 31st December, 1905, in accordance with the pro- visions of order in council of the 10th August, 1903. Presented 22nd June, 1906. — Mr. Roche (Marquette ) .....*... Not printed. ■28 5 Edw. VIT. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. 188a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing all lands selected by the Canadian Northern Railway Company from that portion of the lands reserved for selection by the said company, in townships 15 to 20, both included, in ranges 9. 10, 11 and li?, west of 1st meri dian. Also a return of all lands patf-nted to the nominees of the Canadian Northern Railway Com- pany in the territory above-mentioned, and the names of the patentees, since 29th June, 1905. Pre- sented 22nd June, 1906. — 3Ir. Roche (Marquette) Not printed. 189. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st Maj', 1906, for a copy of all petitions and papers of everj' kind concerning the claims of certain retired servants of the Hudson's Bay Company, under a deed of sale by the said company to Lord Selkirk in 1811. Presented 22nd June, 1906.— Mr. McCraney .- \. Not printed, 189a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, for copies of all correspondence, documents, and memorials between the government or any member thereof, and the Rev. James Taylor, or any other person, on behalf of the retired servants of the Hudson's Bay Company, in reference to their claim to a portion of the estate of the late Lord Selkirk. Presented 27th June, 1906. — Mr. Laviont Not printed . 190. Return in part to an address of the Senate, dated 27th AprO, 1906, for a statement of all accidents that occurred on the Intercolonial Railway during the years 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 190.3 1904 and 1905, specifying each accident, whether by collision, derailing, fire or otherwise, and the amount of damages of each such accident, mentioning the loualities where such accidents occurred. Also the amount of losses each year, by theft or other-wise, of goods or freight, in transit, on the Intercolonial Railway, for each year as above. Presented 22nd Jime, WOd—Hon. Mr. McDonald (Cape Breton) Not printed. 191. Return showing : 1. Wiiat sums have been paid Messrs. Ahearn & Soper of Ottawa, in each year since 1896. 2. For what supplies or services were these payments made. Presented 2.5th June, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Not printed. 192. Return showing the total sums that have been paid by the government to the Manitoba Free Press and Der Nordwester Publishing Companies, for all services, for each of the financial years commenc- ing 1st July, 1900, and ending 30th June, 1905. Presented 25th June, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Not printed . 193. Return to an order of the House of Commc^ns, dated 9th May, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence, inquiries with officials, engineers, solicitors, contractors and others, bearing upon the accident to the wharf at Sorel, together with all documents in connection with the same. Presented 25th June, 1906. — 3Ir. Blain Not printed . 194. Return to an address of the Senate, .lated 19th .Tune, 1906, calling for a statement since 1st Mai-ch, 1904, showing : 1. Which are, more particularly at (Quebec, Montreal and Ottawa, the newspapers, or the printing companies or firms, which publish advertisements or printed documents on account of the commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway. 2. How much has each of these newspapers or of these concpanies or firms received, and what is the date of each payment. 3. For what kind of services, advertisements, printing or puffs, and how much for each kind, have these newspapers or these companies or firms been paid. Presented 25th June, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Landry. Not printed . 195. Retm-n to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for a copy of all letters, cor- respondence, papers, reports and accounts relating to the construction of a fish ladder at Cowie's Dam, lower pulp mill, Milton, Queen's County, N.S, and of the accounts showing the cost of con- struction of the said ladder, the amount paid for labour and material, and to whom paid. Presented 30th June, 1906.— Jfr Crocket Not printed. 196. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, showing, by townships, all Indian lands sold or disposed of within the boundaries of the present electoral district of East and West Algoma, during the years 1896 to 1905, both inclusive, with the names and addresses of purchasers or lessees, and the prices paid or agreed to be paid, for such lands, by way of rental or purchase money ; also showing, by townships, when the said purchases were completed, or when the final paj'inents were made and the total amount paid for such lands ; also showing, by townships, what agreements for sale are in default, and for what period the same have been in default ; also showing what agreements for sale or lease, by townships, have been cancelled for non-payment of purchase money or non-performance of conditions. Presented 3rd July, 1906. — Mr. Boyce. Not printed. 29 5 Edw, VII. List of Sesional Papers. A. 190G CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14r-Contmued. 196a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 190G, for a copy of all the returns and reports made by Indian agents or other ofiieials in the « mployment of the government, having charge of Indian lands in the territory now included wiohin the boundaries of the present electoral districts of East and West Algoma, showing all sales, transactions and cancellations of lands in such territory, from the 1st July, 1896, to the 1st A).ril, 1906. Presented 3rd July, 1906.— ^fr. Boi/ce. Not printed. 197. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28lh May, 1906, for a copy all corresfwndence between Joseph Rirm and the government in reference to the surface right for coal on the northeast J of section 26, township 1, range 0, west of the 2nd meridian. Also a copy of all letters, papers and telegrams, from any other party or parties in reference to the same. Presented otli July, lfM)6. — ilfr. Roche (Marquette) Not printed. 198. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 19C6, for copies of all letters, tele- grams, reports or other communications which, between the 1st of July, 1904, and the 3lst December, 190.5, passed between the Minister of the Interior, or any official of his departmer.t, on the one hand, and (a) the Canadian Northern Railway Company ; (6) the Manitoba and Southeastern Railway Com- pany ; (c) the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway Company, or any company to whom any of said companies shall have transferred its land rights, in regard to the area in which any of said coliipanies were to be permitted to select land due by way of subsidy. Presented 5th July, 1906.— i»/r. Arnes Not jmnted. 199. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, showing : 1. The description of all lands in Manitoba and the Northwest, formerly reserved for timber or hay purposes, to which homestead entries have been granted since 1st January, 1905. 2. The date of decisions to open such reservations for settlement. 3. The names of applicants, in order of application, on the books of the various agencies and sub-agencies, for each quarter section, at the date when the entry was granted. Presented 5th July, 1906.— ilfr. Lake Not printed. 200. Return to an order to the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, showing the number of applications for inspection received at the several land agencies in Manitoba and the Northwest for each month of the years 1904 and 1905, from homesteaders desii'ing to secure their patents. 2. The number of inspections made monthly from each agency. 3. The number of applications for inspec- tion on file 1st January, 1906, at each agency. Presented 5th July, 1906. — Mr. Lake. .. Not printed. 201. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of all correspond- ence between the pilotage commissioners, the secretary of the Board of Pilot Commissioners, or any of the officials of that board, at Sidney, Cape Breton, and the department of marine and fisheries, or any of the officials of the said department, and all orders in council, regulations, memoranda, books, documents and papers, showing ; (1) the amount paid into the pilots' retiring fund in each year from the 31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905, respectively ; (2) the amount paid into the pilots' widows' and orphans' relief fund from 31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905, respectively ; (3) the disposition made of the said funds in each year during the above-mentioned period ; the amount on hand on the 31st December, 1905 ; the interest it bears ; where it is deposit- ed ; the security for its safety for the benefit of the widows and orphans of the pilots ; (4) the amount on hand in these funds, respectively, on 31st December, 1896. Also all other corresjiondence, if any, bearing on this matter. Presented 5th July, 1906. — Mr. Boyce Not printed. 202. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing [a] how many wrecks occurred in the river and gulf of St. Lawrence during the season of 1905 ; (6) the names, tonnage and character of the vessels so wrecked ; (c) whether such wreck resulted in a total loss of the ship and cai-go, or either, in any and what cases ; (d) to what causes each of said wrecks were attributable ; (e) whether any inquiry was held in any and what cases. Also for a copy of all reports, evidence, correspondence, documents and papers, relating to or connected with the said wrecks, the inquiries concerning the same, and the loss thereby occasioned. Presented 5th July, 1906. — Mr. Borden (Carleton) Not printed . 202a. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 15th March, 1906, for a copy of all the instructions given, of all the evidence heard, of the judgment rendered, and of all communications exchanged on the subject of the wreck of the steamer Bavarian last autumn upon the Wye rocks, and of the inquiry held thereinto, as well as of the correspondence exchanged between the department of marine and fisheries and any person whomsoever regarding the choice of the judge holding the inquiry and of his assessors. Presented 23rd April, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Landrii iV'o? printed 30 5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. " A. 1906 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14r— Concluded. 203. Retui-u to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th May, 1906, for copies of all correspondence between any minister of any department ani the company of the port of Chicoiitimi or any other company or person regarding the dredging of the Saguenay down to the present year. Presented 7th July, 1906. —Mr. Girard Not printed. 204t Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for a copy of all orders in council, reports, letters, telegrams, communications, documents and papers of every kind, relating to the establishment, acquisition, construction, enlargement and maintenance of a hospital for trachoma patients at or near Halifax, N.S., including a statement of all sums of money expended in connection therewith, whether for establishment, acquisition, construction, enlargement or main- tenance ; also a statement of the person or persons to whom such moneys were paid, the amount paid in each instance, as well as the date of payment, and generally all particulars concerning the • said hospital from the time when it was first established. Presented 7th July, 1906. — Mr. Wilson, (Lennox and Addington) Not printed. 205. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing in the case of every homestead against which, during the year 1904 and 1905 a report of non-compliance mth the law, or a demand for cancellation has been received by the Dominion land office or offices : giving (a) the location of said quarter section range, township and meridian ; (6) the name and address of the party by whom the original entry was made ; (c) the name and address of the partj' or parties (if there have been several) who endeavoured to lodge cancellations ; [d] the reason alleged by complaints why cancellation of entry should be allowed ; (e) whether warning of threatened cancellation was served upon the alleged delinquent ; (/) the action taken by the department in each case. Presented 9th July, 1906. — Mr. Amen Not printed. 206. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, showing in detail for each year from 1891 to 1895, inclusive : 1. A statement of all goods supplied to Mr. Speaker's apartments, and the amount paid therefor. 2. An inventory of all goods in the apartments taken on the vacation of the office of Speaker, by Mr. Bain, Mr. Brodeur and Mr. Belcourt and any reports of the Clerk of the House, the Serjeant-at-Arms, or other officer, with reference to the inventories, the goods supplied, their condition and the care and disposition of the same. 3. A copy of, all corresjwndence had by the Speaker, any member of the Internal Economy Commission, the Clerk of the House, the Audi- tor General, or any of the other officers of the House of Commons, in reference to the purchase, pay- ment, checking, distribution, replenishing, disposal or care of the same. 4. A copy of all resolutions passed by the Internal Economy Commission in reference to the above matters. Presented 9th July, 1 906. — Mr. Lancaster Not printed. 207. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for copies of all correspon- dence since 1896 between the Government of Canada, or any member thereof, and the German or British Governments, or any person or persons officially or otherwise representing those govern- ments ; and copies of all documents and papers in possession of the government, respecting the tariffs of Gei-many and Canada, in relation to each other. Presented 11th July, 1906. — Mr. Arm- stronrj Not printed. 31 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1906 REPORT OP TBffi MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE r)OM:iNio:^ of c^na.d^ FOR THE YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31 1905 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY.S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1906 Xo. 1.5—1906.] 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1906 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Minister's Report : — PAGE. I. General remarks . . . v n. Arts and Agriculture xi Branch of Dairy Commissioner xi Dairy division xi Cold Storage division xvi Fruit division xviii Extension of Markets division xxi Branch of the Seed Commissioner xxv Branch of Live Stock Commissioner xxxii Poultry division xl Exi)erimental Farm Branch xliii Agricultural and Live Stock division xlv Horticultural division xlvii Entomological and Botanical division xlix Chemistry division Hi Cereal division liv Poultry division Iv Branch farms Ivi General crops lix Health of Animals Branch Ixiii Archives Branch Ixvi in. Patents of Invention lyi-r IV. Copyright, Trade Marks, Industrial Designs and Timber Marks . . . Ixxiv V. Public Health and Quarantine Ixxvi VI. Census and Statistics Ixxviii Miscellaneous 54 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1906 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE 1005 To His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Albert Hemry George^ Earl Grey, Viscount HowicTc, Baron Grey of HowicTc, in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, and a Baronet j Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, <&c., &c.. Governor General of Canada. May it Please Your Excellency — I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the annual report of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, for the year ended October 31, 1905. 1.— GENERAL REMARKS. A synopsis of the operations of the department, which have been efficiently carried out, is laid before Your Excellency. The legislation affecting the department during the last session of Parliament consisted of: — Chapter 5, 4-5 Edward YIL, intituled ' An Act respecting the Census and Sta- tistics.' Chapter 6, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act to amend the Census and Statistics Act.' Chapter 21, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act to amend the Act respecting the Incorporation of Live Stock Record Associations.' Chapter 41, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act to amend the Act respecting the Inspection and Sale of Seeds.' Chapter 44, 4-5 Edward VIL, intituled ' An Act to amend the Act respecting the Packing and Sale of Staple Commodities.' Chapter 45, 4-5 Edward VIL, intituled ' Aa Act respecting the Administration of an Act respecting the Packing and Sale of certain Staple Commodities.' 15 — B Ti DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Chapter 46, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act respecting the Superintendent of Insurance and the Director General of Public Health.' By Order in Council of December 6, 1904, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29 of ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' regulations relating to Hog Cholera and Swine Plague were made and established. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii., page 1421. By Order in Council of December 23, 1904, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29 of the Act 3 Edward VII., Chapter 11, regulations relating to Actinomycosis were made and established. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii., page 1421. By Order in Council of December 23, 1904, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29 of ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' regulations respecting Tuberculosis were made and established. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxxiii., page 1422. By Order in Council of March 25, 1905, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29 of the Act respecting infectious or contagious diseases affecting animals, the regula- tions established by Order in Council of September 19, 1904, relating to a disease in animals knowai as glanders, were rescinded and new regulations substituted in lieu thereof. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii., page 2117. By Order in Council of March 31, 1905, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29 of the Act respecting infectious or contagious diseases affecting animals. Sections 35 to 52, inclusive (relating to Sheep Scab), of the general Order in Council of May 12, 1888, were rescinded and new regulations substituted therefor. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. 38, page 2116. By Order in Council of April 12, 1905, in virtue of the provisions of the Act re- specting infectious or contagious diseases affecting animals, it was ordered : — ■ That Section 4 of the regulations relating to animals quarantine established by the Order in Council of March 30, 1904, be amended by striking out the word ' Sidley ' in the ninth line and inserting the word ' Osoyoos ' in lieu thereof. That the following section to be designated as section 4a be added to the regula- tions : — ' The Minister of Agriculture is hereby empowered to cancel as quarantine and inspection stations any of the placets above named and to select such other sites in ex- change for or in addition to the above as he may from time to time deem expedient.' That the words ' other than horses ' be inserted after the word ' animals ' in the first line of section 5a. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii., page 2241. Canada's participation in International Exhibitions during the past few years has been of marked benefit in attracting the attention of both agricultural and industrial classes to the Dominion, and in this way has materially assisted immigration. REPORT OF THE MINISTER vii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A full report of the work done in connection with the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion held in St. Louis, U.S.A., from April 30 to November 30, 1904, to which reference was made in my report of last year, will be found as an appendix hereto attached. The Exhibition Branch of my department' arranged for the installation of the Experimental Farm exhibit at the Dominion Exhibition held at New Westminster, B.C., from September 27 to October 7, 1905. The exhibit consisted of the products of the western Experimental Farm. The leading feature of the exlaibit was the endless variety of fruits from the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B.C. This part of the exhibit did much to bring to the attention of visitors to the exhibition the great pos- sibilities of British Columbia as a fruit growing country. Since presenting my last annual report my exhibition commissioner and his stafl have not been idle. It having been decided that Canada should participate in the Universal and International Exhibition which opened in Liege, Belgium, last April, and also in the Western Pennsylvania Exhibition held in Pittsburg during the months of August and September last, every effort was made to get together attractive exhibits. These efforts were most successful and the various exhibits prepared re- flected credit on those to whom the work was entrusted. The Pittsburg Exhibition attracted visitors from Ohio, Western Virginia, Mary- land and Pennsylvania. This territory is considered one of the best fields in the United States for promoting immigration to Canada. Our exhibits consisted of speci- mens of agriculture, fruits, maple sugar, honey, cheese and food products generally. The size, prominent location and excellent arrangement of our exhibit gave it the first place among the attractions of the exhibition, and was widely advertised by the man- agement as one of the leading features of their exhibition. In addition to our own staff, immigration officers from the Department of the Interior were in attendance, and I am pleased to state that as a direct result of our work there, we can show where many persons have already gone to the Northwest, and that the coming spring will see a considerable influx into Canada from this ter- ritory. Our participation in the Liege Exhibition has been most successful. We occu- pied a building of our own, and it is no exaggeration to state that the Canadian Palace, as it was called, received more visitors than any other section of the entire exhibition. Our exhibits consisted of comprehensive collections of agriculture, horticultvire, forestry, fish and game, mines and mining and manufactured articles. In all these departments the greatest interest was aroused, and the advertisement which resulted from the several displays was not confined alone to the visitors to the exhibition, but practically to the whole continent of Europe. Never before has a knowledge of the immense resources of Canada been disseminated among a larger number of people in the same space of time. 15— Bi viii DrWARTMEyT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906 Descriptive literature about Canada was prepared in different languages and dis- tributed judiciously among the visitors to the exposition. A complete staff of immigration officers and assistants were constantly engaged in giving information to those wishing to find a home in Canada. A complete report on this exhibition is in course of preparation, and will appear in my annual report for next year. Until the year 1900 there was no Dominion legislation providing for the incorpora- tion of Live Stock Record Associations. For some years previous the Holstein Friesian Association of Canada had agitated for incorporation under Dominion Act, and during the session of 1900 the Act respecting the Incorporation of Live Stock Associations (Vict. 63-64, chap. 35) was assented to. This Act provides for the incorporation of not more than one association for each ■distinct breed of horses, cattle, sheep and swine, and under its provisions the following Record Associations have been granted Dominion incorporation : — The Holstein Friesian Association of Canada. The Dominion Shorthorn Breeders' Association. The Clydesdale Horse Association of Canada. The Canadian Hackney Horse Society. The Shire Horse Association of Canada. The Canadian Hereford Breeders' Association. The Canadian Ayrshire Breeders' Association. The Canadian Jersey Cattle Club. The North American Galloway Association. The Dominion Swine Breeders' Association. Prior and subsequently to the passing of the Act, a number of lesser record asso- ciations for the various breeders were formed in the outlying provinces. This multi- plication of records was fast becoming a source of confusion, preventing harmony among the breeders from the different sections of the Dominion, and creating a hind- rance to interprovincial trade in pure bred live stock. At the first annual convention of the Canadian National Live Stock Association, convened at Ottawa, in March of 1904, by the Dominion Live Stock Commissioner, under my direction, the unanimous wishes of the pure bred stock breeders of the Dominion were voiced in the following resolutions :— (a.) That Canadian records of pure bred stock be made national in character and scope. (&.) That there should not be more than one record for each breed in Canada. (c.) That the records should be kept imder the respective breed associations, pro- vision being made to give proportionate representation to the breeders of each province, and that the administration of the records be conducted through the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa. REPORT OF TEE MINISTER ix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (d.) That the Dominion Minister of Agriculture be requested to assume the administration of the National Live Stock Eecords, under the Act in that behalf. (e.) That the Dominion Government be respectfully requested to provide for the aflSxing of a proper seal to pedigree certificates, signifying their endorsation of regis- tration. (f .) That the Dominion Minister of Agriculture be urged to make provision in the estimates for a sufficient sum to provide for the administration of the national records of live stock, and representation at the meetings of breed societies from the outlying provinces of Canada. In order to meet the wishes of this representative body, the Live Stock Commis- sioner, by my direction, negotiated with the individual breed societies at their annual meetings in February, of 1905, with a view to having them enter the national scheme At these several meetings it was resolved by the Canadian Ayrshire Breeders, the Clydesdale Horse Association, the Shire Horse Association of Canada, the Canadian Hereford Breeders, the Dominion Swine Breeders Association, the Dominion Short- horn Breeders Association, the Canadian Hackney Horse Society, the Canadian Jersey Cattle Club, and the Galloway Breeders, that they at once proceed to nationalize their associations and records, and that the head offices be removed to Ottawa. Committees were named from each of these associations with power to complete arrangements. In April of this year (1905) a joint meeting of the committees from these various associations was called at Ottawa, during the time of the second annual convention of the Canadian National Live Stock Association, when an agreement between the associa- tions and the Department of Agriculture was submitted, and approved of and signed by the members of the committees on behalf of their respective associations. This agreement provides that the several record associations shall continue to manage their own affairs and records, and handle their own funds under the provisions of the Act ; that the office of the Registrar shall be at Ottawa, and all certificates shall be issued therefrom ; that under the direction of the Minister of Agriculture, an officer set apart for the purpose shall inspect and approve all certificates, and shall thereupon affix the seal supplied by the department; that the Department of Agriculture shall supply an office heated and lighted for the use of the Registrars and other persons similarly employed, and all official stationery and blank forms, together with the regular postal messenger service. At this joint meeting the committees • from the several associations were formed into a National Record Board, with an executive Record Committee comprising one member each to represent light horses, heavy horses, beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep and swine. The Record Board to be made up in future of committees chosen by each incorporated association at the close of their annual meejing each year; said board to deal with questions in which the societies are jointly interested. The Record Com- mittee of this board, acting under the control of and with the approval of the National Record Board to have the powers of a managing director. X DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 It was further decided at this meeting to appoint an accountant or chief clerk, whose duties would be to receive all moneys paid in connection with the records, and deposit them in a local bank to the credit of the several associations to which they respectively belonged; to supervise the work of the several registrars; and generally to represent and act for the executive committee of the board at Ottawa. This appoint- ment was subsequently made. To give effect to the plan adopted at the meeting, it was found necessary to amend the Act Respecting the Incorporation of Live Stock Record Associations, by passing the Act 4-5, Edward VII., Chapter 21. Section 5 of this Act provides for ' The exercise in conjunction with any other association or associations incorporated under this Act, of any of its powers or functions through a common officer or officers to be appointed by such associations,' Section 14 provides that the Minister of Agriculture may, through an officer of his department, approve, under the hand of that officer and the seal of his department, the certificates of registration issued by the national associations. Arrangements have been made with the governments of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec and the Northwest Territories, whereby the unincorporated records conducted in these provinces were closed to registration on the first day of May of this year and the'r records and books of i-egistration transfen'erizes are recommended so that all of the seed fairs may l)e conducted according to iniiform regulations. In localities where they have been held for three or four years there has been a notable improvement in the qiiality of the seed grain and other seeds exhibited and offered for sale. Arrangements have been made for the organization of a large number of seed fairs in the grain growing districts of the west. The extension of this work in the western provinces seems to be meeting with much favour. These fairs will provide for an exhibition of seed grain after the work of harvesting the crop is completed. The officers of western agricultural societies have, for several years, felt the need of providing for such an exhibition at an opportune time in as much as their sum- mer shows are held before the grain. crop is ripened and the exhibits of grain at these shows have, as a rule, been ver^- small. In addition to giving assistance with the cost of advertising and providing expert judges and demonstration lecturers to attend seed fairs in the western provinces, I have authorized the Seed Commissioner to submit a plan to the agricultural societies according to which they may be given assistance with the awarding of prizes for fields of standing grain to be judged directly before the crop is harvested and from the standpoint of utility for seed purposes, I am hopeful that this plan will be generally adopted throughout the west as a means whereby the agricultural societies may give further encouragement to farmers who give special attention to the growing of high class field crops of varieties possessing the greatest commercial value, and who exercise care in preventing the introduction and spread of noxious weeds over thair farms. SEED LABORATORY. The Seed Laboratory was established three years ago, primarily for the purpose of conducting the work of investigation into the condition of the trade in agricultural seeds. This work has been carried on with unusual vigour and the results of the work have been given the greatest possible publicity through the agricultural press, cir- culars to farmers' institute lecturers, and in bulletins and reports. The Seed La- boratory has since been fitted up with the very latest improved apparatus for testing the purity and vitality of seeds of all kinds and, perhaps because of being able to itender prompt and efficient service, a large niimber of samples of seeds have been received for analysis from farmers and seed merchants who desire definite information regarding their purity and germination qualities. Many inquiries were received from seed merchants as to privileges that might be given them in the matter of having this work done and in April, I authorized the issue of a circular letter to seed mer- chants in Canada stating that they might have their seed tested in the Seed Labora- tory free of charge. A large number of seedsmen and seed vendors took advantage of this offer. The work \va.s done for them and i-eports rendered as promptly as pos- XXX DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 sible. An addition of two assistants was made to the staff in order to add to the promptness and efficiency of the work. In this connection it is gratifying to note that, as the importance and value of the work of seed testing become better known by the people, more general use is made of the service offered. The importance of the work was very clearly demonstrated to the farmers through the dissemination of information as to the results of investigation work. This seemed to be a revelation to farmers in all parts of Canada inasmuch as it was shown that the trade in grass and clover seeds was a fruitful medium for the introduction and spread of extremely noxious weeds. The interest that was noted last year on the part of farmers to use a better class of seeds is strongly in evidence again this year; seedsmen report that there has been an increasing demand for high grade seed. There are, however, some farmers, more espe- cially those on rented farms and those who live remote from the leading trade centres, who have not come fully to appreciate the far-reaching evils that follow the use of inferior seed. The samples obtained by direct purchase from seed vendors in all parts of Canada for investigation work, show that in a few of the districts that have not, perhaps, had the full benefit of the educational propaganda that has been carried on during the last three years, a limited quantity of very low class seed is still in de- mand. During the year ending October 31, 1347 samples of seed have been tested for purity and vitality; 730 of these were obtained and analysed for the purpose of investi- gation. 617 samples were tested for either purity or vitality, or for both, and reported upon to farmers and seed merchants. Compared with last year there has been a marked improvement in the quality, especially in respect to weed seeds, of the seeds tested for both farmers and seed merchants. In the districts where grass and clover seeds are most largely produced a much greater interest seems to be taken in the work of seed testing, and it is from these districts that the greatest number of samples are received from farmers. The work of conducting germination tests of samples of seed corn and root crop seed shows a decided increase over the previous years. The increase in the number of samples of these two kinds of seeds that were received from fanners for germination test is probably due to the partial failure with corn, and root crops, which was in many in- stances attributed to nonvital seeds. Much of the seed corn sold to farmers last spring had been seriously injured by frost and damp and a great deal of it would not germin- ate more than fifty per cent. With root crop seeds it is well known that in some years considerable quantities of imported stocks are held over from year to year and there is evidence that old and non-vital seed has occasionally been mixed with the fresh article. On the average, however, it may correctly be said that the root crop and garden vege- tables seeds retailed to farmers by Canadian seed merchants of good standing, show a reasonably good per cent of vital seeds. Comparatively few samples of root crop seeds have been found to be extremely low in vitality. REPORT OF TEE MINISTER xxxi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 SEED CONTROL ACT, 1905. I wish to gratefully acknowledge the support I received in Parliament in my en- deavour to perfect and pass an Act respecting the inspection and sale of seeds. This Act came into force on the first of September. The main provisions of the Act demand that seed merchants place the names of certain noxious weeds, plainly written, on a label and attach it to the bag or bin when the seeds of such weeds are present in the seed offered for sale. Section 4- — Provides a standard of quality in respect to both purity and vitality of timothy, alsike and red clover seeds that are .represented to be of first quality. Section 6. — Provides a minimum standard of purity below which timothy, alsike, and red clover seeds cannot be sold for seeding in Canada. This standard is based on the proportion of seeds of weeds named in the Act to the pure seeds of the kind sold or offered for sale. Sellers of seeds are justly protected against negligent or evilly disposed seed pur- chasers. In case of dispute between purchaser and seller, prosecution can be made only when a representative sample of the seed in question has been submitted and tested by an official seed analyst, and such sample must be taken and inclosed in a sealed package, either in the presence of the seller, or in the presence of two non-interested witnesses within seven days after the sale of the seeds. The effect of this Act thus far, has been largely confined to the districts where grass and clover seeds are grown. Earmers who have clean seed are* this year, getting from fifty cents to one dollar per bushel more for it than are the farmers who have allowed their fields to become polluted with pestiferous weeds. In general, farmers have been more careful during the past season than during previous years in not harvesting for seed purposes crops of clover from fields that are seriously polluted with noxious weeds. It was learned, too, that considerable attention was given to weeding the fields before the clover seed crop was cut. Seedsmen are adjusting and making further additions to their seed cleaning machinery. It has been stated by several of them that with the apparatus they now have, noxious weed seeds can be practically all cleaned from the seeds produced by farmers. The chief drawback to this work is that the process of special cleaning is necessarily slow and has, hitherto, been considered impracticable in the larger seed houses. REFEREXCE COLLECTIOXS OF SEED. In order to assist seed merchants in their endeavour to carry on their work intelligently the Seed Branch undertook to supply them, at a nominal cost, with collections containing 100 species of weed seeds and other economic seeds. With the use of these specimens of seeds for reference, seed vendors are able to identify the impurities in the seeds they sell. There has been a growing demand this year for these collections. xxxii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 PUBLICATIONS. , In connection with the special campaign carried on by the Seed Branch, much information has been obtained that would indicate that farmers in most districts are not familiar with many of the common weeds in the immediate locality where they live. When new and seriovisly noxious weeds are introduced into their locality they usually become well established before they are recognized as a dangerous pest. Farm- ers have not had the means at their immediate disposal to identify them and to study their habits of growth and methods of combatting them. It has been felt that this lack of knowledge of the weeds themselves has, to a certain extent, hami)ered other general educational work along similar lines, and in order to overcome this difficulty, I have authorized the preparation of a bulletin to treat specially with weeds, and in which fifty of the worst Canadian weeds and their seeds 'will be illustrated in their natural colour. The text that wiU accompany these illustrations is being prepared with the object of giving information to fanners regarding the habits of these weeds and the best methods of combatting and exterminating them. My department has felt the need for such a publication for several years, and although the exi)ense that will have to be incurred in connection with the preparation and printing of coloured illustra- tions may be too great to justify me in distributing them free of charge, I have directed that the matter contained therein be prepared in a complete and comprehen- sive manner. Bulletin No. S. 1., of the Seed Branch series, contains a reprint of the Seed Control Act, together with general explanations and instructions, and the rules and methods for taking samples of seeds and testing them for purity and vitality. Fifty thousand of thes« bulletins were printed and have been generally distributed among farmers and seed merchants in all the provinces. THE LIVE STOCK BRANCH. An outline of the work accomplished by the Live Stock Branch during the year ended October 31, 1905, is given by provinces, as followsi : British Columbia. In the spring of 1905 two members of the staff were sent to British Columbia to assist the provincial Department of Agriculture in institute work. The districts vis- ited were those considered most in need of help. The subjects taken up were chiefly relative to fruit growing, road-making and animal husbandry. A large number of meetings were held, and as a rule well attended. Keen interest was shown in the addresses which invariably elicited lively discussions. In these districts beef raising is the general industry with here and there a dairy farm. Hogs and sheep are also raised on a limited scale chiefly for local consump- tion. In the Nicola Lake district especially, the cattle raisers have made good progress and judging from their herds they have high ideals regarding the beef type. The cattle raised are chiefly Shorthorn grades and Hereford gi'ades, brought up to the present REPORT OF TEE MINISTER xxxiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 standard by the use of pure bred sires, but here, as well as in some other districts visit- ed, there are evidences of faulty methods in breeding and feeding. Many of the ranchers keep sires too long in their herds, resulting in much inbreeding and breeding from immature females. Cross-breeding is also resorted to where it would have been better to have adhered to one breed. The faulty mexhods in feeding are confined chiefly to a lack of provision for sufficient winter supplies of fodder. The delegates dwelt especially on the importance of remedying these evils. The sheep as a rule are of very indifferent quality and in only a few cases are breeders improving or increasing their stock, although many districts are admirably adapted to the industry. Here and there the farmers are raising improved classes of horses. The brisk demand that exists, especially at the coast, would seem to warrant an increased atten- tion to this branch of stock-raising. In September, Mr. F. ^L Logan was sent to British Columbia for the purpose of acquiring an insight into conditions affecting live stock in the province. Mr. Logan is acting in conjunction with the provincial Department of Agricvxlture. At the instance of this branch, Mr. Geo. H. Greig, a member of this staff resident in Winnipeg, induced Manitoba breeders to exhibit at the Dominion exhibiton held at New Westminster. The breeders responded by sending six carloads of their ani- mals, which made a marked impression on the live stock exliibit at the fair. Northwest Territories. Acting in conjunction with the Department of Agriculture of the jSTorthwest Ter- ritories,, a vigorous policy of agricultural education has been followed in assisting the territorial farmers' institutes, live stock and fair associations. Eepresentatives of the division assisted in farmers' institute work, the holding of live stock judging classes, fat stock shows, a bull sale and spring stallion shows at Calgary and Regina, and stock and poultry judging- at the fatirs during the summer and fall. The series of institute meetings during the winter and spring extended over a wide range of country, touching the chief agricultural settlements of the Territories. At the meetings live stock judging was a prominent feature. Live animals and poul- try were used for demonstration purposes, and those in conjunction with score cards distributed throughout the audiences did much to fix in the minds of hearers the desir- able and undesirable types. A similar series of meetings was conducted by a member of the branch in July at points not touched during the earlier campaign. At poultry shows held at Edmonton and at Lethbridge the awards were placed by a member of the staff who also delivered public addresses on poultry raising, fattening and marketing. A fat stock show was held at Regina, a fat stock show and bull sale at Calgary, and a spring horse show at each of these places. The fat stock shows were of four xxxiv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 days' duration and were conducted along the same lines as the winter fairs held at Guelph, Ont., and Amherst, N.S. All the judging was done by representatives of the branch. At all these shows live stock judging schools were a feature. At the Calgary sale, which was the fifth annual, 340 pure-bred animals were dis- posed of, netting $23,557. The animals were Shorthorns, Herefords, Galloways and Aberdeen Angus. Since the inauguration of these sales, 1,185 animals have been sold for over $105,000. A marked improvernent in the quality of the cattle stock of the Territories has been the result of this exchange of pvire bred sires, and the educational work done at the gatherings. The horse shows were decidedly successful; the quality of the exliibits indicate that the horse stock of the Territories is of a fairly high quality. A number of the stallions compared favourably with the best shown at any other fair in Canada. This was particularly true in the draught section at Calgary. Substatial assistance was given the fair association in the summer and fall ex- hibitions by the division furnishing expert judges where requested. Manitoba. During the year, Mr. Geo. H. Greig, of Winnipeg, the representative of this branch in Manitoba, conducted live stock conventions and judging schools throughout the province. During the winter live stock conventions were held at Winnipeg, Neepawa and Brandon. The Winnipeg convention occupied a full week and included the annual meetings of all live stock associations and the dairy associations of IVlanitoba. There were also held special meetings of the Shorthorn Breeders of Manitoba and the Aber- deen-Angus breeders of Western Canada for the purpose of assisting in the national- ization of the live stock records. The convention at Neepawa was held in connection with a winter fat stock show, held under the auspices of the Northwestern Agriculture and Arts Association. At Brandon the convention was conducted in co-operation with the Western Agricul- tural and Arts Association. Stock judging was made a prominent feature at all of these meetings. Representative animals of the various classes and breeds of live stock were secured from breeders and owners for demonstration purposes. At Winnipeg a new featvire was introduced for the first time. This consisted of a practical demonstration in meat cutting and was conducted under the supervision of Prof. Boss, of the Minnesota Agricultural College. It is gratifying to know that live stock judging has become so widely appreciated that the Department of Agriculture in Manitoba and the western provinces have dur- ing the year introduced it very generally into their farmers' institute work. The men available for carrying on this work are found among those who have received their training at the stock judging schools conducted by this branch. REPORT OF THE MINISTER XXXT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A provincial auction sale was organized for the distribution of surplus stock. The sale was held at Winnipeg, May 31, in the pavilion of the Canadian Pacific rail- way. The animals disposed of included 5 Aberdeen- Angus, which sold at an average price of $66 per head ; 5 Herefords at an average of $74. 46 Shorthorns at aji average of $90. In connection with this sale a competitive exhibit of the animals was held and proved a most interesting feature. Early in May the remount officers of the British army who were on their way west were interviewed regarding the prospects of Manitoba supplying remounts for the British army. The attention of the directors of the Horse Breeders' Association was drawn to this matter and through them a number of horses were collected for inspec- tion, but owing to the active local demand sufficient animals to make a shipment were not available and so far no business has been done. The Dominion Exhibition being held at New Westminster, B.C., the stock breeders of the province were induced to con- tribute, and as a result six car loads were sent, consisting of various classes of horses. Shorthorn, Hereford and Holstein cattle; Yorkshire, Tamworth and Berkshire hogs. The total amount won in prize money was $1,544. Ontario. In the province of Ontario the system of farniei-s' institutes, the improvement of fairs and co-operative auction sales of improved stock are so well established under the provincial Department of Agriculture that but little assistance is required from this branch. In Xew Ontario only was new work undertaken. At North Bay a sale of pure-bred stock was held in April, this branch co-operating with the North Bay Board of Trade and town council and the District of Nipissing Agricultural Society. At this sale twenty pure-bred Shorthorns, including fourteen bulls and six heifers, also twenty pure-bred Yorkshire swine were sold. The males were distributed chiefly among the farmers' clubs of the district. All the animals were carefully selected by a representative of the branch, and sold at an average piioe of $70 per head for the cattle and $9 per head for the swine. Preparation is being made to assist in the hold- ing of a similar sale at North Bay during the coming spring. A corps of institute lecturers was placed at the disposal of the Ontario Super- intendent of Institutes and assisted at the regular series of meetings. Fair improvement work has been continued at a circuit of exhibitions in the eastern portion of the province ; representatives of the branch attended these fairs and conducted judging competitions in the various classes of live stock, in some cases judging all the animals shown. Instructive addresses were delivered by our men at all of these competitions. The Guelph and Ottawa winter fairs were assisted as in previous years to develop their educational features as much as possible, speakers and judges being supplied and addresses delivered on the desirable and undesirable points of the animals under consideration. xxxvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 This year as last^ instruction by means of illustration plots has been carried on at [Richmond and Whitby exhibitions, a representative of the branch assisting the boards with the laying out and cultivation of same. Queiec During January and February, a series of fifty-eight one-day meetings was con- ducted in the province. Each of these consisted of an afternoon and evening session. The same organization found satisfactory during 1904 was continued, viz. : — the divi- sion of the province into three French and one English section. The three French sections comprised as nearly as possible all of the French speaking counties, and the division was made according to climatic conditions; the English section covered the districts where English communities were found. Fourteen representatives were sent out, and these were divided into four delegations; three delegations made up of .speakers for the purely French divisions and one delegation of two men for the English division^. Before commencing this work the representatives met at Ottawa to receive instruction. The attendiance at these meetings varied from 25 to 525. Concurrent with these regular institute meetings a stock judging school was held at five points in the province. For this pui"pose a car load of typical animals of various breeds was taken to the meetings inclnding light and heavy horses, dairy and beef cattle, long woolled and short woolled sheep, bacon hogs and utility poultry. At each point a two-days' judging school was held, three sessions per day. Ste. Therese, Cowansville, St. Hyacinthe, Three Rivers and Quebec were the points fixed upon for this school, and a delegation of experts accompanied the car, the audiences Being ad- dressed in both French and English. Score cards, supplied by the branch and printed in both languages, were distributed, and the meetings conducted as regular stock instruction classes. The keenest interest was manifested; the attendance ranged from 150 to 700 persons. Expert judges were sent to five points in the province in September and October, viz. : — Sherbrooke, Waterloo, Ayers' Flats, Shawville and Brome. In judging the live stock classes our judges followed their usual custom of delivering addresses at the ring side giving reasons for the placing of the awards. At the Sherbrooke and Brome exhibitions judging competitions were conducted. At Brome dairy cattle were used for this purpose, but at the former place, beef cattle, dairy cattle, shsep and swine were utilized, addresses being delivered on each class. At Brome, as in 1904, instruction by means of illustration plots was carried on. A portion of the exhibition grovmds was set apart for this purpose and was divided into three ranges, these being again subdivided into plots 12 x 15 feet. This ground was carefully prepared and crops suitable to the locality sown. Grasses, clovers, corn, millets and roots were grown, some of the varieties being but little known in the district. Placards were placed on each plot giving all necessary information as to the crop thereon. The crops on all the plots were exceedingly good and much interest was taken by the exhibition visitors. REPORT OF THE MIX I ST ER xxxvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 NEW BRUNSWICK. At different periods representatives of the branch have been sent to New Bruns- ■wdck to assist the provincial Department of Agriculture in farmers' institute work. During October and November of this year, three delegates have conducted a series of one hundred and twenty meetings. The attendance at these averaged 4S, and our men report that their audiences seemed deeply interested in the various subjects under discussion. In January, assistance was rendered the Farmers' and Dairymens' Association of the province at their annual convention. A stock judging school was conducted at five points in the province in June, viz. : Andover, Woodstock, Lower Jemseg, Petitcodiac and Chatham. At these places a carload of improved stock was used for demonstration purposes. The school was well atten\ded at each point and keen interest taken in both the addresses and the scoring of the animals. Expert judges were furnished for the exhibitions at Fredericton and Sussex. All the live stock classes were judged and the judges where possible, delivered ad- dresses in the ring, giving reasons for their decisions. NOVA SCOTIA. In the province of Nova Scotia the work of this branch has been of a somewhat varied character, special attention being paid to the further development of the mari- time winter fair, while the annual auction sale of pure bred live Stock, the farmers' institute work and the improvement of fairs by the expert judge system at the pro- vincial exhibition have received due attention. The annual maritime winter fair was held December 12 to 15, 1904 at Am- herst. It was a pronounced success from every standpoint, the quality of the exhibits being of a much higher order than in previous years. During the fair evening ses- sions were addressed by the judges and other expert agricultvirists, the attendance at these daily meetings averaging from twelve to fifteen hundred. For the approaching fair in December of this year, Mr. E. B. Elderkin, tlie repre- sentative of the branch in the maritime provinces, is carrying on a vigorous system of preparation, and all indications point to a very successful outcome. The second annual auction sale of pure bred live stock was held at Amherst on February 3. At this sale 16 animals were sold, comprising 6 Shorthorn males, 7 Short- horn females, and 3 Ayrshire males. Of these the Shorthorns averaged $60 per head, and the Ayrshires $34 per head. The stock ranged from fair to good quality. The offering of animals was much smaller than had been intended owing to the impassable condition of the railways and roads; for the same reason the attendance was below what it should have been. These conditions, coupled with an impending feed famine in the province, are in large measure responsible for the comparatively low prices. 15— D xxxviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 During June and July a series of farmers' institute meetings were held through- out the province at 53 points. For each of these meetings delegates were supplied. In many of the districts visited, agriculture was found to be in a very backward con- dition. While much of the land is rough and unfit for cultivation, the conditions are favourable for sheep raising, and instruction was given relating to this industry. As a rule the cattle and hogs raised are indifFerent to poor in quality, and the delegates endeavoured to impart such information as would improve the various defects. In a few cases open air meetings were held, and at these live animals were used for demon- stration purposes. The meetings were invariably well attended, but the open air de- monstrations were found to increase the interest very materially. Expert judges were supplied by the branch to the provincial exhibition at Hali- fax. As on previous occasions the judging was supplemented by addresses at the ring side, the judges giving reasons for the placing of the awards, which met with very gen- eral satisfaction. The interest in this educational work was sustained during the exhi- bition by evening sessions held in a pavilion provided by the exhibition association. 'At these live stock and kindred subjects were discussed by the judges and other agri- culturists. This is the third occasion on which the judging at Halifax has been done by experts supplied by this branch, and the quality of the animals offered at the exhi- bition of 1905 would tend to show that the work is bearing fruit. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. With the co-operation of this branch the Department of Agriculture for Prince Edward Island has been able to carry out a progressive scheme of educational work along agricultural lines. In addition to the work undertaken in previous years, sev- eral new features have been introduced, among these being the organization of a regular institute staff: the institution of semi-annual farmers' conventions, the for- mation of live stock judging schools, and the collection of live stock statistics. During June and July a series of 'farmers' institute meetings was lield. The province was divided into two districts, and a representative of this branch accom- panied each delegation. Thirty one-day meetings were held, an afternoon and even- ing session constituting the work each day. Many of the afternoon sessions were conducted as stock judging schools, live ani- mals being used for the purpose and score cards provided by this branch being distri- buted among the audience. This stock judging work has been so well received by the island people that pre- parations are under way to hold a regular judging school at Charlottetown in Decem- ber of this year, immediately following the maritime winter fair at Amherst. As a result of the teachings of this series of institutes a number of farmers have introduced a system of rotation of crops; the keeping of milk records for individual cows; and experimental work in crop growing on the co-operative plan. Statistics as to milk prodiiction in the province have been secured, and the figures show the yield per cow to be much lower than it should be ; a strong effort is being made by our REPORT OF THE MINISTER ' xxxix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 delegates to awaken the farmers to the necessity o'f keeping these niillc records in order that they may intelligently weed out the inferior specimens. The attendance was very good throughout, averaging about Y5 per meeting. Along the line of live stock improvement a better system of introducing improved bfood had been instituted. ' In April the annual farmers' convention was held at Charlottetown. Through the interest created by the work of the representatives of this branch, it was then decided to make this convention semi-annual instead of annual, and in accordance a conven- tion is being arranged for December of this year. Expert judges were supplied to the provincial exhibition held at Charlottetown, All the live stock classes were judged as usual, and as usual the addresses of the judges at the ring side on the placing of the awards was made a feature. Here as at Halifax evening sessions were held and at all these meetings much interest was shown, and lively discussions followed each address. CANADIAN NATIONAL LIVE STOCK RECORDS. An important work accomplished during the year was the nationalizing of the Canadian live stock records. Hitherto numerous records had been kept in the various provinces, varied to some extent in standard and in their method of administration, in- volving increasing confusion. At a national convention of live stock breeders held in 1904 a resolution was passed favouring the nationalization of all records for pure bred stock kept in Canada, and asking the department to take the necessary steps to bring it about. Between that time and the second annual convention, held in Ottawa in April, 1905, most of the record associations had agreed to nationalize. At this latter meeting representatives from the different provinces and record associations were met by the Hon. Minister and Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Canada and an agreement made, forming a basis upon which the nationalized records shall be conducted. Agree- ments, varying slightly to suit conditions were drafted; these were signed by the Hon. Minister of Agriculture on the one side, and the various incorporated live stock record associations, representatives of provinces, and parties controlling records in Canada on the other. These agreements provided that all nationalized records be removed to Ottawa, where they would still be conducted independent of the Dominion Department of Agriculture by a record association for each breed; that the record certificates before being issued be submitted to an officer of the Department of Agriculture who shall affix the seal of the department to each certificate found correct. At the session of parliament for this year an Act to amend the Act Eespecting the Incorporation of Live Stock Record Associations became law, and since that time all pedigree certific- ates issued by the national records have been uniform in style and have borne the seal of the Department of Agriculture. The following is a list of the breeds of stock that have, thus far, agreed to nationalize their records: Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Galloway, Jersey, Guernsey, French-Canadian and Ayrshire cattle; Clydesdale, 15 — Di xl . DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 Shire, Belgian Draft, French-Canadian and Hackney horses, and the various breeds of sheep and swine. EXTENSION OF TRADE IN LRE STOCK. During the year consignments of live stock were purchased and shipped to the Director of Agriculture for the Orange Eiver Colony, South Africa, and to the Board of Agriculture, British Guiana, South America. POULTEY DIVISION. How the work is conducted. — The work of the division is carried on through poultry illustration stations, of which there have been three classes, fatting, rearing and breeding. Eleven fatting stations were operated in 1904. Good thrifty cockerels were bought from the farmers, fed in crates until fat, dressed and marketed. At the two rearing stations eggs from good Barred Rock hens are bought. The best of the cockerels and pullets reared are sold for breeding, the remainder fattened and sold dressed. The five breeding stations are operated the year round. One hundred laying hens are kept, eggs and breeding stock are sold, and seasonable illustration work is carried on. Present equipment. — In January, 1905, the 11 fatting stations were discontinued; the equipment was allowed to remain for the present in order that the manager might carry on the work either for himself or co-operatively. Every encouragement was given farmers in the locality to fatten their own birds. Fattening crates were loaned them and instruction given, as well as help in marketing their produce. Seven stations are operated by the division this year, two rearing and five breed- ing. Two incubators are kept at the rearing stations and brooders and colony houses tc accommodate the chickens incubated. The equipment of a breeding station consists of a poultry house suitable to accommodate 100 breeding hens, an incubator and pluck- ing room, a rough fatting shed where the feeding crates are situated, two to four in- cubators, and a number of brooders and colony houses for rearing operations. The year's worJc. — The work carried on at the stations is illustrative along com- mercial lines. Successful experiments are carried to the farmer and he is shown how best to apply them to his own conditions. The demand for pure-bred eggs for hatching could not be supplied. A large number of cockerels and pullets have been sold from the various stations and the average farm flock in the districts is thereby being im- proved. Special attention is directed to a number of features in connection with the year's work. Utility fowl. — A good year-round producer might be called a utility bird — one that will lay eggs when prices are high; and eggs that will produce chicks of a good con- REPORT OF TEE MINISTER xU SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 stitution. It is such a type of farmei''s fowl that the poultry clivision is endeavouring to produce. Each year only the most promising pullets are retained for the breeding pens, and in order to improve the laying qualities of the flock trap nests are used. Trap nests enable breeders to keep individual records of the hens. There are a number of effective trap nests so simple in construction that any one can make them. A full description of the two styles used by the division is given in Bulletin No^ 7. An instance of the interesting facts brought out by the trap nest is seen in the case cf one pen of Barred Rock pullets at one station. The eggs for the month of January are given in the following table : — EGG RECORD, DOMINION POULTRY STATION, BOWMANVILLE. Pen No. Jf. — Barred BocJes — January, 1905. Date. Hen Number. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 :::::: i i i 1 1 3 1 i 5 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 "i' " 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 6 i 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 10 ■"i"! ■ l" ' i 1 ...... 1 1 1 11 1 "i" 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 1 16 i 1 17 1 IS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 1 i 1 1 1 "i" 1 1 20 1 21 1 1 1 1 ' "i" 22 1 1 1 1 23 1 24 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 _ 26 1 ...... ......|...^.. 1 27 1 28 . . . 1 1 ...... 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 31 1 1 1 Totals 2 17 j 20 8 27 15 3 18 11 5 2 17 It will be seen that two of these pullets laid only two eggs each while another laid 27 during the month. Half the birds in ib^s pen averaged about five each, the other half, 19. Throughout the year the comparative difference of individuals was almost as well marked. It is an important fact that birds that laid well In the winter also did well during the summer. The pullet that laid 27 eggs in January had 25 to xlil DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 her credit in June, and by the middle of October she had laid since January 1, 182 eggs. A further record was kept to see how the eggs of these best-laying pullets would hatch, and if the chicks would have sufficient vitality. They proved from 20 per cent to 25 per cent more fertile than eggs from poor layers, and the mortality was about 40 per cent less. Free Range for Chicks. — AX several of the stations the colony houses were so arranged that after the chicks were a month old they were practically allowed free range. The colony houses were placed in an orchard and the chicks had the shade of the trees and the run of the orchard as well as of an additional pasture field. These chicks made rapid progress at an apparently smaller cost than those which were con- fined. Crate-fed Chiclcens. — The greater demand and increased price for fatted chickens is very encouraging. The demand is not being supplied; much more poultry could have been sold from the stations than was produced. All poultry should be fattened before it is put on the market. To show that it pays to fatten cockerels, take the case of 12 birds fed at one station in October, 1904. Before going into the crates the cockerels weighed 41 lb. At eight cents per lb. they were worth $3.28. In 14 days they con- sumed— Oatmeal, 56 lbs. at li cents 84 cents. Skim-milk, 80 lbs ^ .... 16 " Grit, 5 lbs 5 " $1 05 Making a total cost of $4.33. The dressed weight was 50 lb. and sold at 14 cents per lb., or $7 ; a gain of $2.67, equal to 61 per cent on the investment. The Broiler Trade. — All poultry keepers can not produce broilers, but for those who can the trade is very inviting. Produce men will give from 20 cents to 40 cents per lb. live weight for plump young chickens weighing from IJ to 3 lb. per pair, from March to the middle of May, the higher price for the earlier birds. White Diarrhoea. — A disease known as ' white diarrhoea ' was prevalent among incubator chicks last spring, especially throughout Ontario, to such an extent that it became alarming, and an investigation was instituted, to find if possible a cause and remedy. A number of the largest poultry plants in Ontario, a few in New York State, and two in Quebec were visited. In many places the disease had made its appearance for the first time, at several it had been noticed the previous year, and a few cases of it had been seen for several years, though not to an alarming extent. The chicks were attacked the first ten or twelve days after hatching; in some instances the disease was present before the chicks left the incubator. Non-absorption of the yolk usually accompanied the complaint. Several plants were visited where the death rate was from 75 to 100 per cent, and 50 per cent was quite common. The investigation REPORT OF THE MINISTER . xliil SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 is incomplete, but the bulk of the data points to lack of ventilation in the incubator room, and high relative humidity as two of the probable factors. It was noticed that where only a small number of incubators were used in one room, the chicks were comparatively free. The investigation will be continued next spring. In the mean- time it would not be amiss if those who operate incubators would see that the rooms in which they are kept have sufficient ventilation. Selling Poultry and Poultry Products.— To sell well, poultry must be uniform, in good condition, and well dressed. Fatted poultry is worth from 25 per cent to 40 per cent more than that which is lean. The demand is so good this year that most of the poultry will find a market in Canada. There is no danger of overstocking the market if the product has the two essentials, excellence and uniformity. The egg trade is also encouraging from the producer's standpoint; the better the condition in which they reach the maiket, the higher the price. The best markets will pay from 2 cents to 5 cents a dozen more if the eggs are graded as to size and colour. Bulletins. — Three bulletins have been issued : No. 7, ' Profi.table Poultry Farm- ing,' deals with Incubation, The Brooder, The Chicken Trade, Selection of Suitable Breed, Crate-Fattening Chickens, Preparing Chickens for Market, Marketing Chickens, Some Station Work in 1904, The Egg Trade, The Flock, Feeds for Poultry, and Trap Nests. No. 8, ' The Farmer's Poultry House,' describes the need of comfortable bouses, the proper location, the essentials of a good house, and gives plans and descrip- tions of seven houses now in use at practical poultry plants. No. 9, ' Diseases and Parasites of Poultry,' gives description and treatment of thirteen common diseases, lice, mites and intestinal worms. The demand for the bulletin has been much larger than was anticipated and it has been found necessary to print a second edition. These can be obtained on application. Poultry exhibits made at the fairs. — An exhibit illustrating the work of the division was made at a number of the fall exhibitions. The exhibit showed styles of poultry houses, colony houses and brooders, typical cockerels in feeding crates, shaping board, cases of dressed chickens, trap nests, assorted and unassorted eggs, plans of poultry houses, samples of various poultry and chick foods, bulletins, &c. Much interest was taken in the exhibit and many complimentary remarks regarding its value and the work of the division were heard. Poultry circles have accomplished wonderful results in some places ; there is room for good work to be done by them in Canada. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS BRANCH. Much practical help is rendered to the farmers of Canada by the experimental farms. The literature published by the officers of the farms consists of annual reports of the various branches of the work in progress under the different climatic conditions prevailing in the many settled districts of the Dominion, and of special bulletins on important topics. These give helpful information and are of the greatest assistance xliv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 to all those engaged in agricultural work. The publications of the farms are sent free to every farmer who asks for them, and about 60,000 are now regularly supplied through the permanent mailing list at the central farm at Ottawa. The correspon- dance of the officers of the central and branch farms with those seeking information in every line of farming, is very large, and constantly increasing. Convincing testi- mony as to the value of the information furnished is given by farmers in every section of the country, many of whom attribute much of their success to the practical character of the information thus supplied to them. In arranging the experimental work carried on at all the farms, special attention is paid to such aspects of farm industry as are likely to have the most practical bearing on the profits of the farmer. The examples given in improved methods of cultivating the soil, in the selecting of choice varieties of grain and other important farm crops combining a high degree of productiveness with earliness and good quality, and plac- ing samples of these at his disposal, are all very helpful. The proper rotation of crops, sc as to lessen the exhaustion of the soil, the renewal of its fertility by the use of natural and artificial manures, and the ploughing under of clovers and other legumin- ous crops, are subjects to which much attention is given. The demonstrations made with dairy and beef herds of cattle as to the most profitable methods of feeding, and the results of tests in the management of swine and sheep, feeding different sorts of food, looking to the economic production of pork and mutton, have also proved exceed- ingly useful; and by thus combining example with precept a widespread stimulus to production has been given in these important branches of farming. THE PRODUCTION OP HARDY FRUITS FOR THE CANADIAN NORTHWEST. Fruit is a healthful addition to the diet, and the farmer who can command a supply for himself and his family has gained a point of great advantage. Hitherto the success attending the efforts to grow apples in the western prairie country has been very limited; but of late experiments made in the cross-breeding of hardier sorts have given excellent results. The hardiness of some of the new varieties, which are quite large enough for domestic use, and are of good quality, is being thoroughly tested at many points at different altitudes in the Northwest, and the reports received concern- ing them are most encouraging. There is now very little doubt that within a few years a number of useful sorts will be available which will be quite hardy in all the settled parts of the Northwest country. Efforts are also being made to stimulate the growing of small fruits, especially currants, gooseberries and raspberries, many of which are quite hardy through all the settled districts of the prairie country. THE BREEDING AND SELECTION OF CEREALS. While it is important that every branch of farm work be made the subject of inves- tigation and experiment, the production of cereals, on which so much of our national prosperity is based, receives deservedly a large share of attention. By virging the use of clean and pure seed, and clean cultivation, much good is being done; while by pro- ducing earlier maturing varieties, associated with productiveness and high quality, the REPORT OF THE MIXL^TER ^ xlv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 area of wheat growing in Canada is being extended and the quality and quantity of our cereal products advanced. By judicious crossing and selection of improved forms, much fvirther progi-ess may yet be made ; indeed the possibilities in the way of im- provement in this direction seem to be unlimited. VISITS OF FARM OFFICERS TO DIFFERENT LOCALITIES. Visits have been paid by the Director and some of the chief officers from time to time to varioTis parts of the Dominion with the object of ascertaining what progress is being made, and what branches of farming are likely to be most profitable in such places. Information is also gained as to how farm work can be most successfully conducted under the special conditions prevailing in the different sections visited. This work has aided in making the efforts of farmers more generally effective. DISTRIBUTIOX OF GRAIN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SEED. Under my instruction this useful branch of the work has been continued; and the benefits it confers have been widely appreciated. The sample bags sent out have con- tained five pounds each in the case of wheat and barley, and four pounds in that of oats, sufficient in each instance for the sowing of one-twentieth of an acre. The sam- ples of pease, Indian corn and potatoes have weighed three pounds each. They are all forwarded through the mail free. In consequence of the large demand, it has been found necessary to limit each applicant to one sample each season. Hence, it takes many years before the enterprising farmer can test all the varieties likely to be useful to him, and with the great influx of new settlers into different parts of the country, it is likely that there will be a steady increase in the deniiind for scuh material. During the past year more than 40,000 farmers have thus been supplied with samples of the best strains of seed of the most important crops, the seed in each case being thoroughly cleaned and of the best quality obtainable. By the careful cultiva- tion of these samples, any farmer can, in the course of two or three years, produce seed sufficient for a large area of land without cost to himself beyond that of his own labour. AGEICULTUEE AND LIVE STOCK DIVISION. FIELD WORK. The work in this division during the past year has been along the lines of (a.) methods of soil cultivation, (Z>.) values of different crops as grain or forage producers, and (c.) the study of rotations as means of improving soils. Soil cultivation. — The aim in the work carried on in soil cultivation is to study the best methods of increasing the humus content of the soil and the retention of that humus where it will be most readily available to growing crops. Cray values, — A comparison is being made of different varieties of corn for siloing purposes, of different varieties and kinds of roots for cattle feeding pui-poses, and of different kinds of grasses and legumes for hay making purposes. The comparative cost of production of these different crops is also being studied. xlvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906 Rotations. — The value of rotation in soil improvement is very generally accepted, but comparatively little is known as to the best rotations to follow under difPerent con- ditions. To gain some information on this point a number of different rotations are being given a fairly thorough test as to their effects upon different soils. Some 43 lots varying in area from 1 acre to 14 acres and making up 12 different rotations are being studied. The different rotations each include practically all kinds of soil. "*" ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. Practically all classes of domestic animals are bred. The feeding and breeding operations include hoi-ses, dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and swine. Horses. — The breeding operations with horses are very limited, but considerable work has been done in studying feeding problems in connection with this class of live stock during the past few years. The chief lines of woi-k have been (1) the determina- tion«of the values of different kinds of hay as horse forage; (2) the study of different kinds of grain feeds for horses, and (3) an examinatioh into the economy of feeding roots or other succulent feeds as a part of the ration for (a) working horses, (h) idle horses. Dairy Cattle. — Quite extensive operations in breeding and feeding dairy cattle are carried on. Four herds of different breeds are under observation and experimentation. They are Ayrshires, Canadians, Guernseys and Shorthorns, with a number of grades of each breed. , They are being studied as to (1) comparative economy of production of (a) milk, (fe) butter fat, (2) vigour, and length of useful period of life, and (3) comparative values as consumers of rough forage. A study is also being made of the comparative value of pure-bred and grade herds (1) where value of milk and its products alone is considered, and (2) where value of offspring, whether pure bred or grade, at average market prices for each sort is in- cluded. The question of the advisability of farmers keeping dual purpose cows is being studied, but results as yet are vei-y indefinite. Where grade cattle are kept our findings seem to point to purely dairy strains as being the more profitable, but where pure-breds of each class are compared there does not seem to be very much difference since generally speaking, pure-breds of the Shorthorn milking strains sell for higher prices than pure-breds of most of the purely dairy breeds. Experiments in feeding are being carried on continually and much valuable in- formation as to the value of different feeds for milk production is being gained and distributed throughout the country. Methods of feeding are also being studied and much information gained. « Steers. — A considerable number of steers is fed each year. The lines of work pursued being (1) influence of age on cost of production, (2) influence of various rations on cost of production, (3) influence of method of feeding on cost of production. REPORT OF THE MINISTER xlvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 and (4) influence of rate of feeding on cost of production. Results published from year to year have excited much interest. A new line of work is being incepted, viz. : the study of quality of stocker fed on quality of meat produced and on profit of feed- ing operations. Swine. — Much work in the study of the economical production of bacon pigs is constantly under way. A bulletin dealing with this problem has just been published. Feeding operations during the past years have been fairly successful. Sheep. — Two breeds are kept, Shropshires and Leicesters. They have done very well this year. Some experimental feeding has been conducted and will be found reported upon in the Experimental Farms Report for 1905. HORTICULTURAL DIVISION. The past season was a favourable one for nearly all kinds of fruits and vegetables in the horticultural division, and good crops were obtained, the apple crop being the largest in the history of the orchard. Much useful information has been gained during the past eighteen years from the testing of the different varieties. Many have been discarded which did not prove of sufficient merit to continue growing, or were too tender to withstand the winters. Full descriptions have been made and careful records kept of both the good and poor varie- ties so that the history of them can be readily referred to in the future. The collection of promising seedling apples of Canadian origin was still further increased this year. This collection contains the best of the unnamed seedlings which are sent in for ex- amination. A number of the seedlings raised from seed of some of the best varieties which have fruited at the experimental farm fruited for the first time this year, and among them are some of considerable promise. Plums. — The European or domestic plum does not succeed in the colder parts of Ontario and in many parts of the province of Quebec, hence special attention has been given to the testing of the hardiest varieties of that class, and to the improvement of the native and American species which succeed over a large area. Some very good seedlings have fruited this year. What is desired is a plum with a thinner and tenderer skin than most of those now on the market, and an improvement in qviality. It is believed tliat some of the experimental farm seedlings are better than many of the named varieties now on the market. The stones of these seedlings have been planted in the hope of raising other seedlings which will be still better. Grapes. — During the past eighteen years nearly 200 varieties of grapes have been tested, and it is now possible to recommend with confidence a number of varieties which are almost sure to ripen every year where the climate is somewhat the same as that at Ottawa. This year, which was a moderately favourable one, 90 varieties ripened in the open air at the Experimental Farm. Different methods of training the vines have been tried, and the system now adopted is considered very satisfactory for districts where the vines have to be covered with soil in winter. In this system there xlviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 aiie two horizontal arms springing from a crown near the ground. These arms are renewed every year or every two years, and being easily bent are readily covered with soil, which has been "found to be the best means of protecting the vines during the winter. Currants. — The currant has not received as much attention, as it deserves in America, but at the Central ExiJerimental Fann this fruit has been given a thorough test as it is of great value in the colder parts of Canada where the large fruits do not succeed very well. Among the most promising of these are a number of black currant seedlings originated by Dr. Wm. Saunders The best of these are superior to the older varieties and as they become better known will, no doubt, supersede the older kinds. Individuality of fruits. — The yield from each individual fruit tree is kept separate at the experimental farm, and it has been found that some trees of the same age and of the same variety and under apparently about the same conditions have yielded much better than others, thus showing a marked individuality in respect to their productive- ness. If this individuality is preserved in trees grafted from the productive trees and from the unproductive, it will show the importance of propagating from the most pro- ductive trees. Trees were grafted both this year and last from trees varying thus in productiveness for the purpose of demonstrating whether this individuality is main- tained or not. In addition to the experiments with fruits already referred to, experiments with other fruits, such as pears, cherries, raspberries, gooseberries and strawberries were con- tinued this year. Experiments in spraying have been among the most important lines of work car- ried on by the horticultural division during the past fifteen years This year a power sprayer was bought, the operation of which has furnished useful information in regard to the economy of utilizing greater power than can be obtained with the ordinary hand pump. Potatoes. — The potato is one of the most important food crops in Canada, and for this reason it has been given especial attention among vegetables. This year a bulletin was published on ' The Potato and its Culture ' by the horticulturist, in which were given the results of experiments for the past eighteen years, with recommendations for the best methods of culture. It is hoped that this bulletin will have some influence in improving the potato crop in Canada. The blight and rot cause more or less injury to the potato crop every year, but during the past few years the loss has been much greater than usual. Careful experiments conducted at the Central Experimental Farm and elsewhere have clearly proven that the disease can be controlled by thorough spray- ing with Bordeaux mixture, but it is difiicult to get farmers to spray. For some years it has been noticed and recorded that certain varieties were freer from blight than others. These are now being more carefully tested with the object of finding, if possible, a variety which by careful selection will withstand the blight so as to avoid the necessity of spraying. REPORT OF THE MINISTER slix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Tobacco. — Experiments with tobacco were carried on again this year as usual, especial attention having been given to the relative state of maturity of the different kinds when harvested. Forest Belts. — The forest belts continue to furnish useful information on the relative rate of growth of the different kinds of timber trees. Arloretum and Botanic Garden. — The fine collection of trees, shrubs, and her- baceous perennials in the arboretum and botanic garden is attracting more attention every year. This year it looked particularly well as it was a very favourable season for growth. Each year additional information is gained on the many species and varieties in the collection, and this is given to the public as soon as it is practicable to do so. ENTOMOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL DIVISION. Farmers and fruit growers in Canada are appreciating more and more every year the value of knowledge of injurious insects and other plant pests. The Government entomologists at the central experimental farm have continued their investigations of the life-histories and habits of all kinds of insects reported to them, or found to be injuring crops. Insect enemies of household goods have also been studied and much valuable information has been sent out from the division, by which considerable loss has been prevented. The marked increase in the correspondence of the division of entomology and botany shows that farmers are recognizing that they can obtain prompt and practical assistance, and are making use of the advantages offered by this and other divisions of the central experimental farm. The duty of the officers of this division are to study as thoroughly as possible all insects and plants which are likely to cause loss to farmers and others, with a view to finding out as speedily as possible the most rational and economic way of dealing with these. The work is carried on actively both in the field where many experiments are tried, and in the office and museum. In the field the various insecticides and fungicides are tested as well as the machinery nec^sary for the work. Any one wishing to examine this machinery or to see l^ovt it is used is welcomed, and every pains taken to assist those who wish to learn. The collections in the museum are of great interest to visitors who frequently recognize an enemy by examining the cases, which they may have had difficulty in describing to the officers when seeking advice. These collections have been materially increased and improved during the past year, and very large additions have also been made to the collections of botanical specimens in the herbarium, and of weed seeds. Many thousand specimens of insects and plants have been named by the en- tomologist and botanist which have been sent in by scientific students, farmers, horti- culturists and others. The now extensive collections of the division have been con- siderably enriched from these correspondents, who have gladly presented to the museum all specimens asked for. As in the past I have been able to meet the wishes of many farmers by sending the entomologist and botanist to deliver addresses before farmers institutes, and at 1 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD Vii.. A. 1906 other meetings, where a large number can at one time learn what is being done to lessen losses to their crops, and where much useful information has been disseminated. Insect Enemies. — The season of 1905, I am glad to say, has not been marked by the occurrence of any serious outbreak by insect pests, but the entomologist reports that there has been an exceptionally large number of inquiries about different kinds of injurious insects, and that in all cases he has been able to give advice by which loss might be lessened. Cereal Crops. — The only injuries of importance which have been done by insects during the past year were by the Hessian Fly in Prince Edward Island, Manitoba and eastern Assiniboia. The Joint Worm appears to be increasing somewhat in Prince Edward Island. The Wheat Midge, which did considerable harm in British Columbia last year, extended its area somewhat in 1905. It also occurred in Prince Edward Island and possibly in Ontario. Steps have been taken to make the best remedies known as widely as possible. The corn crop was somewhat attacked by insects, but nowhere to any serious degree. The cold, dry spring in central Ontario retarded ger- mination, and some loss occurred from the ravages of the Seed-corn Maggot. The Stem-borer did some harm in western Ontario. Busts. — These parasitic fungi which did so much harm last year to the wheat crops in the prairie provinces were this year hardly noticeable except in one or two r^tricted localities, and no appreciable loss was sustained on the general crop of the west. ROOT CROPS AND. VEGETABLES. Cutworms as usual did some harm in all parts of the Dominion but were easily controlled by the poisoned bran remedy which has been so highly recommended by the entomologist. The most striking outbreak was by the larvae of a species of noctuid m.oth, knovpn to science as Barathra occidentata, but which has not as yet received any popular name owing to its great rarity in collections. Caterpillai's of this moth were injuriously abundant in many places over a wide area. Complaints and speci- mens came from as far east as Nova Scotia and as far w_est as Nepigon, north of Lake Superior. The injuries in gardens at Ottawa, where the species was thoroughly studied, were considerable and a great many different kinds of plants were attacked. This insect illustrates the advantage of studying all kinds of insects whether scarce or not. As soon as it appeared it was recognized by the experts in the division, and steps were taken at once to check its ravages and at the same time to fill in some important missing links in its life history. The Sugar-beet WehvJorm appeared in large numbers at Magrath, Alta., and caused in some fields a loss of between 8 and 10 tons of roots to the acre. The Turni'p Aphis was not as injurious as usual but still was the cause of con- siderable loss to cauliflowers and turnips in almost all provinces of the Dominion. The Red Turnip Beetle, which is sometimes the cause of minor losses on cruci- ferous crops in the west, was this year sent in as a destructive pest for the interior of British Columbia and from the Yukon Territory. REPORT OF THE MINISTER li SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 FRUIT CROPS. The San Jose Scale. — This destructive enemy of the fruit-grower still exists, and from lack of- drastic and universal treatment by fruit-growers, has done much harm in the infested district in Ontario. Careful orchardists have, however, shown that the lime and sulphur wash, if properly applied, will allow them to grow paying crops in infested orchards and maintain their trees in a vigorous condition. The Woolly Aphis of the Apple. — This although much dreaded by fruit growers on account of its ravages to the south of us and in other parts of the world, has not been the cause of much loss in Canadian orchards. During the past season, however, it has been present to a remarkable degree and there has been much inquiry con- cerning it. The native and introduced hawthorns seem to have been much more attacked than the apple. A similar species on the alders does not attack fruit trees as many suppose, and there is no danger from this insect. FOREST AKD SHADE TREES. The White-marked Tussock-moth. — Public attention has been drawn to this in- sect which for many years has been destroying the beauty of the shade trees in some of our large cities. The civic authorities are now bestirring themselves and it is hoped that before long this trouble will disappear. The Cottony Maple Scale has been abundant and very objectionable on the shade trees in London, Ont., and in some other western towns. The Spruce Gall-Louse has been remarkably abundant this year and many in- quiries have been received as to its habits. The Larch Saw-fly, which many years ago destroyed the whole tamarack forests of the northeastern parts of the Dominion, again this year appeared in noticeable numbers. The Larch Case-hearer, a European insect which has never previously been detected in Canada, was this year found in some numbers on the European larch trees and native tamaracks at the central experimental farm. With regard to all of the above injuries, advice and assistance has been given promptly. Many other insects of more or less importance have been studied and accu- rate records kept. There has also recently been issued from the division a bulletin in which all the well-known insects injurious to grain and fodder crops, roots and vegetables, are treated concisely, and the best remedies given. As this bulletin is very fully illus- trated, I trust that it will be of considerable use to those engaged in cultivating the soil in all parts of Canada. lii DEPARTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 CHEMISTRY DIVISION. In the work of the past yeai* there has been, as formerly, much done of immediate and direct help to the individual farmer, and also a considerable amount of research that will be of assistance in the various specialized branches of Canadian agriculture. As far as practicable, examination is made of soils, well waters, cattle feeds, insecti- cides, &c., &c., that may be sent in by farmers. In the neighbourhood of 500 such samples have been examined this year. This branch of work, in addition to the in- formation given by correspondence in response to inquiries on farming matters, and more particularly relating to chemistry of agriculture, has proven of great and increas- ing value to the practical farmer. The rational treatment of soils with a view to the economic maintenance and increase of their fertility, the use of fertilizers, the relative values of fodders and feeding stuffs are among some of the more important matters treated of daily by letter. It is by siich means that the farmer is educated in his work and afforded help that he could not otherwise obtain. Of the researches instituted or continued during the year, mention may be made of 'several of the more important as follows : — The Winter Care of Mamire. — This series of experiments was planned to ascer- tain the losses of plant food that may take place from December to April, when piled in large and small heaps respectively. It is expected that the results will be of con- siderable help in the better care and application of this important source of fertility. The Management of Orchard. Soils with a Vieiv to Increasing their Fertility and the control of their Moisture Content. — This work was beg-un several years ago and includes a study of the effect of various .leguminoits plants grown as cover crops, and an inquiiy into the soil moisture remained and lost under different systems of cultiva- tion. It has been shown that by keeping a dry earth mulch until the tree has made its annual growth, say, July 1, followed by a leguminous crop to be turned under early the following spring, the tree may be furnished with all the moisture necessary for its growth and the filling out of the fruit, and the soil considerably enriched in humus and nitrogen. The Loss of Nitrogen due to Fallowing. — Analyses have been made of a number of cultivated and virgin soils from the Northwest with a view to determine the exhaus- tion of plant food by fallowing and the continued cropping with grain. The results indicate a very considerable loss of organic (vegetable) matter and its concomitant, nitrogen, when this practice extends over a period, say, of 25 years. This investigation (which is still in progress) is one of great importance, for it points very emphatically towards the necessity of some change in the methods of the wheat growers if the fer- tility of the soil is to be maintained — the adoption of a rotation that will occasionally add humus and nitrogen to the soil. The amount of nitrogen lost by fallowing appears to be greater than that withdrawn by the crop of wheat. Enrichment of Soils hy Clover. — This series of experiments, begun in 1902 and continued yearly since that date, has given valuable and interesting data. The plan REPORT OF THE JIIXIsTER liil SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 consists in growing clover in pots and plots containing soil uniform throughout and of which the nitrogen content had been determined. At the close of each season the clover was taken up, weighed, cut finely, and returned to its respective pot or plot, as the case might be. In the following spring the soil is again analysed and the increase in nitrogen content ascertained. An average of the several experiments to date shows an enrichment in nitrogen of approximately 80 pounds per annum, per acre, in the first 8 inches of soil. Reclamation of Swamp or Peaty Lands. — A prelimiary series of experiments to learn the special requirements of such soils was commenced this year. Various com- binations of phosphoric acid, potash and lime were employed as fertilizers, and oats the crop used to ascertain their effect. The first season's results go to show that potash was the element that gave the largest return, though improved yields also followed the application of basic slag — an alkaline form of phosphoric acid. Inoculation for the Growth of Legumes, — Further trials with clover and alfalfa have been made, using cultures kindly furnished by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D.C., and the Bacteriological Department of the Ontario Agricidtural College, Guelph. Increased yields were obtained from certain of the inoculated plots. In the majority of the trials, however, the character of the soil and its drainage appeared to be more potent factors than the ' Nitroculture.' From an examination of the roots from the untreated and inoculated seed no material difference either in quantity or size of the nodules was observable. This points to an abundance of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Fodders and Feeding Stuffs. — The feeding value of a large number of concentrated feeding stuffs upon the Canadian market has been determined. These include the so-called stock foods and various milling and manufactory by-products. The relative nutritive value of the various farm roots has also been under investigation. There is an ever increasing demand from dairymen and stock feeders for information relating to feeds and fodders generally, and consequently the results obtained in the Exiieri- mental Farm Laboratory are of wide interest and value. Investigations Relating to Dairying. — Certain important researches undertaken in connection with the dairying industry have occupied our attention. These include the examination of mill?; preserved by hydrogen peroxide as received from Denmark, the analysis of a milk powder prepared from whey, an inquiry into the volatile acid content of two-year-old cheese, and several other matters of more or less interest. The report of these investigations is published in Bulletin No. 6, Dairy Series, May, 1905. Grades of Wheat. — In conjunction with the Cereal Division an investigation to determine the value of the various grades of wheat (Manitoba Inspection Division) was undertaken in the early months of the present year. The results are presented, together with those from the Cereal Division, in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experimental Farms Series. 15 — E liv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 CEREAL DIVISION. Owing to the rapid influx of settlers into the great prairies of Manitoba, Saskatch- ewan and Alberta, and the constant demand for information in regard to the various problems connected with the cultivation of cereals in those districts, it has been deemed advisable for the present to pay special attention in this Division to the needs of these newer provinces, without losing sight, however, of the requirements of those sections of Canada which have been settled for a longer time. New Varieties of Wheat. — Much attention Ls being given to the production of new varieties of wheat of high quality suitable to the needs of those sections of our country where the summer is of comparatively .short duration and also to the production of such sorts as are required to meet unusual conditions in other districts. Considerable success has already been attained in these lines of work. Many thousand new sorts, chiefly single plants of each, were raised at the Central Farm this j^ear, from among which the most promising kinds were retained for further trial. About a hundred care- fully selected strains from the best of the older varieties were also grown. Some of these were rejected on account of weakness of straw, liability to rust, or for other de- fects, and the remainder will be propagated for test on a larger scale. Among them are some very promising sorts, including some new strains of Red Fife which, being of assured purity and ripening .somewhat earlier than the parent variety, are of parti- cular interest. Other Cereals. — Many new cross-bred sorts of oats, barley and peas were grown at the Central Farm, though not in such large numbei-s as in the case of wheat. Only a small proportion of these will be retained for further trial, as it is not thought desir- able to add to the number of varieties now in general cultivation, except when new sorts of distinct merit are produced. Test Plots. — The usual comparative tests were carried on for the determination of the relative earliness, productiveness and other qualities of the leading varieties of the different cereals. The rather heavy rain-storms which occurred during the ripening season made the observations on the relative strength of straw particularly interesting. Nearly all varieties gave large returns, and the grain was of good quality. The uniform test-plots of mangels, carrots, turnips, sugar beets and fodder corn gave very satisfactory results, the abundant rainfall throughout the growing season being favourable to the growth of these crops. Western Wheat. — The cerealist, in charge of this division, was directed to visit some of the most important sections of Manitoba and Saskatchewan at harvest time to study the effects of soil and climate on the wheat kernel, and also to a.scertain what varieties of wheat are to be found mixed with Red Fife, and to what extent these appear to lower the value of the wheat crop in general. Nearly a dozen easily distin- guishable sorts were observed, and though the proportions in which some of them are present are small, others were found in very significant amounts. Most of these vari- eties are inferior to true Red Fife for the production of very strong flour, and their REPORT OF THE MINISTER Iv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 presence lowers the actual value of the grain, even though the sale price may not be immediately lessened. Unfortunately some of these undesirable sort* have hard red kernels which easily pass for Red Fife. These facts, as well as the presence in many wheat fields, of wild oats and other dangerous weeds, serve to emphasize the importance of careful methods of soil cultiva- tion and the sowing of clean seed, true to name. Grades of ^Yheat. — During the winter months an exhaustive study of the milling and chemical value of the grades of wheat in the Manitoba Inspection Division was made by the cereal and chemical divisions jointly, with a view to ascertaining how far the relative selling prices of the different grades might be considered as an expression of their true value. Much important information was gained by this work, and it was clearly demonstrated that some of the lower grades of wheat which are usually re- garded as unfit for flour making (and which sell at relatively low prices in consequence) will produce a considerable amount of flour of good quality, from which excellent Ijread can be made. So long, however, as the demand of the public is for flour capable of producing extremely high, light loaves of almost white colour, it may be difficult or im- possible for millers to grind the lower grades of wheat at a profit. The results of this investigation were published in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experimental Farm series. POULTRY DIVISION. The experimental work conducted during the past year in this Division has been of a nature calculated to be useful to the farming community at large. Among the more important experiments made, or investigations continued may be mentioned the following' : — 1. Continuation of inquiry, begun three or four years ago, into the cause or causes of so many weak germs in eggs laid, in early spring, by hens which were kept in warm houses and gently stimulated to lay during the w'inter season. From time of going into winter qnartei-s until spring these fowls had no opportunity to run out- side. Their life and treatment during that period were strikingly artificial. 2. Continued investigation was made into what experimental Avork had shown to be another serious obstacle in the way of the successful hatching of chickens in early .spring, and which is doubtle.-is the result of weak germs, viz., the reason for the death about the eighteenth or nineteenth day, of so many fully developed chickens apparently unable to break their way out of the shell. So many inquiries have been received in reference to these serious drawbacks to the farmer.* of early chickens as to lead to the conclusion that they are the cause of much loss in time and young stock to many persons and at a period of the season when both are more valuable than later on. 3. During the year an important line of work was begun and carried on with the view of building up and perpetuating prolific egg laying strains of fowls. By means 15— E.ii Ivi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 of trap nests the best laying fowls were detected and placed, according to varieties, in different pens to be used for breeding stoc-k. From the progeny of these fowls the best layers will again be selected. In this way strains of prolific egg layers are likely to be available in the course of a few years. Past experience has shown that many fowls lay so few. eggs as to be non-profitable and it is well that such birds, which are really living at the expense of the good layers, should be discovered and done away with. 4. With the object of building up hardy winter egg laying strains of fowls which will prove themselves to be prolific layers and correct market types as well, a poultry house consisting of two divisions with scratching shed attaclunent to each of the latter was erected and put into operation during the early part of December last. In this house there is no artificial heat. The windows of the scratching sheds, which face south, were opened during fine days of winter, and the fowls thus had the benefit of sunshine, 'fresh air and exercise, the latter in scratching for the whole grain which was thrown in the straw on the floor of the sheds. The poultry house proper has a passage way from which the platform underneath the roosts is cleaned, the egg's collected and the mash and cut bone fed. The nests used are of the trap nest system. In this way it is anticipated to not only successfully carry out the work as outlined, but to find a remedy for the weak germs in early spring eggs. Observation so far carefully made points to fresh air and variety in the winter rations as likely means of overcoming the latter difiiculty. 5. An important location of tuberculosis in fowls sent from British Columbia, and black-head in turkeys in a central part of Ontario, were features of the work of the year. In both cases post mortem examinations of diseased specimens, which had been forwarded, were made by Dr. Higgins, of the Veterinary Laboratory. Other useful work in the comparison of different rations in winter egg producei-s ; effects of various foods on fowls of different ages; experiments in artificial incubation and brooding were carried on and resulted in the obtaining of data which will be found at length in the Departmental Eeport. BRANCH FAEMS. EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR THE MARITIME PROVI.NX'ES AT NAPPAX, X.S. Experimental work has been conducted with many different classes of agricultural products during the past year, especially with oats, barley and wheat, to gain informa- tion as to their relative productiveness, earliness and quality and to ascertain those most suitable for growing in the Maritime Provinces. Similar tests have also been made with pease, Indian com, field roots and potatoes, with like objects in view. In this way very useful information has been obtained as to the most profitable varieties of these several farm products to grow in the Maritime Provinces. The field crops of hay at Xappan have been very good, much above the average Oats, also, have given excellent returns. REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ivii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Further experiments have been conducted in the feeding of swine to learn which are the cheapest foods to use there for the production of pork. Tests have also been continued with fruits, both large and small. Many varie- ties of apples have yielded well ; but plums, pears and cherries have given a light crop. Most sorts of small fruits have given good results. Further information has also been gained by the testing of vegetables, as to the varieties best suited to that part of the Dominion. Many examples of all these products have been brought together and displayed at some of the principal agricultural exhibitions held in Nova Scotda, ISTew Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, where they have been much admired. EXPERIMEXTAL FARM FOR MANITOBA, AT BRANDON. Further experiments have been undertaken at the Brandon Farm in the feeding of steers, using such kinds of food as are generally available to farmers in Manitoba, to learn which food Cau be fed to the greatest advantage and produce beef at the least cost. Pure-bred cattle of several breeds are kept here. Male animals are also avail- able for the improvement of stock. A large number of varieties of cereals, Indian corn, field roots and potatoes have been tested in uniform plots side by side, also grasses, clovers and other useful plants, to find out which sorts are earliest, most productive and best in quality when grown in the climate of Manitoba. Some useful trials have also been made with poultry, looking to the economical production of eggs as well as of fowl suitable for the table. The orchards of cross-bred and seedlings apples are making excellent progress and quite a number of good varieties fruited this year. The b^t of these have been selected for propagation,, the inferior sorts being rooted up to make space for new sorts annually produced. The forest belts, timber plantations, avenues and hedges on this farm continue to attract much attention, and the success attending this branch of the work has awakened a general interest in tree planting in Manitoba. A considerable distribution of young trees and shrubs is made yearly among the farmers of this province, while a large quantity of tree seeds is also sent out. As a result of this work, dwellings and farm buildings have been afforded shelter and many homes have been made more beautiful and attractive.. Experiments are also being conducted with the native plum, by selecting the many varieties which have been brought together and which have fruited, choosing for pro- pagation only those which have shown superior earliness and excellence. Iviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICT'LTLRE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 "experimental farm for the northwest territories. The branch Experimental Farm for the Northwest Territories is located at Indian Head, in the new province of Saskatchewan. At the outset this piece o'f land was bare prairie and in such open localities crops are liable to injury from strong winds, which prevail in some years. By the planting of a large number of trees and shrubs, satisfactory shelter has been obtained and the appearance and surroundings of the farm greatly changed for the better. The shelter afforded by the trees does much to protect the growing crops from injury and thus demonstrates the usefulness of trees for this purpose. Many individual fanners also have planted considerable numbers of trees, thus following to some extent the example of the Experimental Farm, in which they have been aided by the annual distribution of packages of young trees and tree seeds from the Brandoii and Indian Head Farms. From 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of seed of native trees are annually distributed from these two western farms. Excellent fields of grain have been grown at the Indian Head Farm during the past year. For instance, ten acres of Preston wheat gave a yield of 460 bushels, or 46 bushels per acre. The yields of oats and barley were also very heavy. The orchards of young fruit trees are fast coming into bearing and attract much attention from visitors. Many varieties of cross-bred apples and plums bore well during the past season. Many experiments with alfalfa have been conducted during the past year. Plots of half an acre each have been grown side by side to test the relative hardiness and usefulness of seed obtained from different localities. Seed for some of these experi- ments has been kindly supplied by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., some of it brought from Turkestan as well as from several special localities in the United States, including Utah and Mon- tana. The seed sown on some of these plots has been inoculated with the special bac- teria intended to promote the growth of alfalfa, while that sown on other plots along- side has not been inoculated. The results of these and many other experiments will be found in the Annual Report of the Experimental Farms. The usual uniform tests of all the more important cereals, Indian corn, field roots and potatoes have been continued here and much information gained thereby. experimental farm for BRITISH colu:mbia at agassiz. The climate of many parts of British Columbia being well adapted for nearly all the fruits grown in temperate climates, a considerable proportion of the land under cultivation at the Agassiz Farm has been devoted to orchard purposes. A large collec- tion of varieties of all the principal fruits has been brought together from many parts of the world and these are grown side by side. As they bear fruit, their relative quality is ascertained and only those which have superior merit are kept, the others beihg rooted up and, as far as practicable, new sorts planted in their place. At the recent REPORT OF THE MIMSTER lix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Dominion Exhibition at Xew Westminster a very tine collection of the fruit grown at Agassiz was disx^layed. This exhibit, which contained many new sorts, was much admired. Recently a commercial orchard has been started, consisting of ten or twelve trees of each of those varieties which are considered of special value, the idea being to show the relative returns which may be had from cultivating these various sorts. Experiments have again been conducted with varieties of all the more important farm crops to gain information as to the relative earliuess, productiveness and quality of each variety. Samples of those sorts of grain which these tests indicate are likely to be most useful are sent to farmers in that province for trial. Trials are also made from year to year, at the Agassiz Farm, with different varie- ties of clovers, grasses and other fodder plants. Shorthorn cattle, Dorset horned sheep and Yorkshire and Berkshire pigs are kept on this farm, and the animals are all doing well. The Superintendent of the Agassiz Farm attends meetings of farmers in different parts of the province, especially in those sections of the interior districts where fruit io extensively cultivated. His wide experience enables him to render much assistance to those embarking on this industry, and his efforts in this direction are much appreciated. GENERAL CROPS. The Dominion of Canada has again had a bountiful harvest, and in nearly all parts of the country the returns to the farmers have been of a most encouraging character. Successive favourable crops have induced large numbers of people to emi- grate to this country, and the area of land under cultivation is rapidly increasing from year to year, and, in turn, the total volume of croi^s produced is greatly expanding. OXTARIO. In this province the hay has been unusually heavy, and the larger part of the crop has been well saved. In certain districts the early cut hay was injured somewhat by rain, but the entire loss from this cause has been comparatively trifling. Fall wheat has produced an excellent crop, one of the largest for years ; while the injury from insect pests has been very slight and comparatively little rust has been reported. Spring wheat, of which the total area has decreased, has also given more than an average yield, while the quality is good and the kernel plump. Barley is growing in popularity on account of the excellent results obtained from it for feeding purposes. The acreage devoteji to this grain in Ontario is yearly in- creasing. This crop is well above the average. Ix DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The oat crop, which in this province is now the most important of all the cereals, is in advance of last year, when the crop was one of the largest on record. The crop this year is estimated at over 105,000,000 bushels. Most of this has been well saved and is of good quality. Cold, wet weather prevailed shortly after the corn was planted, which was dis- couraging; but warm weather in July gave it a great stimulus and it developed rapidly, and by the time it was ready to cut it had made more than the average growth and turned out very satisfactorily. In some districts, field roots have been injured by the ' turnip aphis ' and other insects, which have materially reduced the ci'op. In other sections these roots have done well and given good returns. The weather has been favourable for growing and harvesting them. Potatoes have yielded well in most localities and almost up to the time of digging were believed to be nearly free from rot ; but about this time rot set in and prevailed to such an extent as to reduce the value of the crop considerably. On the whole, however, there has been less rot than usual. Under the stimulus of favourable conditions, most pastures have been good, and the dairy industry has flourished. High prices have stimulated production and the exports both of cheese and butter have been large and the returns very remunerative. Pork production has been well sustained, and the exports heavy. The yield of apples is considerably less than last year, but as regards size and quality they are above the average. Peaches and pears have both given good crops, while plums and cherries have been below the average. Grapes have yielded largely and ripened well, and all sorts of small fruits have given satisfactory returns. QUEBEC. In the westerly counties of the province of Quebec there has been sufficient rain- fall, the hay has yielded well and pastures have kept green and fresh and the output of the dairies has been heavy. The eastern counties have, however, suffered con- siderably from draught and in those districts there has been a lessening of the output of butter and cheese. Stock generally is reported to be in good condition. Spring wheat has done well and in some districts exceptionally good returns have been obtained. Oats are generally a very good crop and are said to be fully up to the average of past years. Barley has succeeded well and given good returns, while the grain is also of good qvjality. Com in some parts has given an unusually good crop, while in other localities it is below the average. Field roots have given very good returns, while pease have yielded exceptionally well. REPORT OF THE MTXISTER Ixi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The apple crop in Quebec has been less than usual: but the high prices obtained have in most districts helped to compensate for the lighter crop. THE MARITniE PROVIXCES. In Nova Scotia, Xew Biimswick and Prince Edward Island, notwithstanding that the season opened late and was cold and wet, thus delaying seeding, farm crops have been generally good. Hay yielded a crop considerably above the average and most of it has been well saved. Oats, also, have given excellent returns, in most localities much above the average, and the grain is plump and good. Barley has given a fair average yield. The yield of wheat has varied considerably in different districts ; but on the whole the returns are satisfactory. Indian corn, although somewhat late in starting, had, in midsummer, favourable weather for growth and has given a weight of crop considerably above the average Potatoes have also given a yield in excess of the average. Field roots have given a fairly good crop, although not quite so large as was expected. Dry, unfavourable weather prevailed during the last few weeks of their growthj which prevented from reaching their usual size. The apple crop has been rather light. The fruit, however, is of excellent quality and the high prices prevailing will probably fully make up for the shortage in yield. MANITOBA. The results of the harvest in this province have been most gratifying. The growth of the straw has been heavy, which has made threshing expensive; but the yield of grain has been good, the weight of crop in many instances being mvich heavier than was anticipated. It is expected that the average yield of all sorts of grain will be con- siderably higher than last year. As wheat maintains a good price, the results must be highly remunerative to those who have grown this cereal on an extensive scale. The oat crop in many localities has been extraordinary in its weight, wdiile the quality of the grain has been good. Barley, of which a considerable quantity is now grown, has given very satisfactory returns. The weather has been fine for harvesting and threshing; but the crop is so large and heavy that all the threshers available will be kept very busy until near the end of the year. The stock and dairy interests are making satisfactory progress. SASKATCHEWAN. The crops in this province have never been better. The wheat in many localities has given from 30 to 40 bushels per acre on summer fallowed land : and, in some places, more than this. Ixii DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Under my instructions the director of experimental farms visited Saskatchewan just before and during liarvest and travelled over a large area of country favourable for wheat growing. He reported the crops as averaging remarkably well, and the re- turns since had from the threshers show that the estimates then formed have been sub- stantially realized. A large area of new land has been got ready for crop next season, and with the rapid addition made to the population by the active immigration which has gone on during the past two or three years, will soon result in a great increase in the area of land under grain. The grain this year was practically all cut before frost occurred. There has been some injury from smut; but this i'5 almost inexcus- able, as the disease is so readily and cheaply prevented by treating the seed with copper sulphate or bluestone, before sowing. Several small patches of rust were met with; but the proportion of grain so affected was relatively so small as to be scarcely worth men- tioning. Pease, Indian corn, field roots and potatoes all gave excellent crops. ALBERTA. In Southern Alberta, winter wheat has of late been grown with much success, and in that part of the province this crop is commanding more attention than any other, and at the present it occupies a far larger area than spring wheat. The variety known as Turkey Red is the sort mostly gro\vn. This is a winter wheat of high quality, and in Southern Alberta it has been very productive. The soil and climate here seem well adapted to the growth of winter wheat, and its cultivation is rapidly extending. All through Northern Alberta winter wheat has also been tested, and the results had during the past season have been quite encouraging. Spring wheat, however, holds its own in this section, and as yet occupies much the largest area. Oats have given remarkable yields of very plump grain. Barley, also has given very satisfac- tory crops. At Raymond, the centre of the district, occupied by the Mormons, an ex- tensive beet sugar industry has sprung up and large quantities of sugar are being made. It is evident that the soil and climate here will produce sugar beets with an unusually high percentage of sugar. BRITISH C0LUMBL4. The hay crop, which is one of the most important in this province, has been un- usually large, and has been saved in good condition. All sorts of grain have done well. Oats occupy the larger area arid have given a heavy yield of excellent grain. Barley and pease, although less grown, have been equally sviccessful. Wheat is not much cultivated in this province; but this year has done very well except in some sections where the 'midge' has affected the crop and considerably reduced the yield. Indian corn and field roots have also done well and produced large weights of fodder. The fruit crop, which is fast becoming an important one in this province, has, on the whole, been fairly satisfactory. The apple crop has been a medium one. Pears, also, have done well. Plums have produced a fair crop in most localities and in some districts the yield has been heavy. Small fruits of all sorts have given satisfactory returns. REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The growing of hops is extending, the crop this year is good and high prices are expected. The dairying industry is groAving; but the production of butter is not yet nearly sufficient to provide for the needs of the home market. The production of eggs and poultry is also steadily increasing. HEALTH OF A^'IMALS BKANCH. The operations of this branch of my department, which has now been almost entirely reorganized, have during the past year been characterized by great activity. The live stock interests of the Dominion are constantly and rapidly increasing in importance and, especially in view of the widely varying conditions prevailing in different parts of the country and the consequent difficulties to be overcome, the value of effective machinery for the control and, where possible, the eradication of contagious animal diseases cannot be over-estimated. Arrangements have been completed for the erection of new quarantine buildings at St. John and Halifax on the convenient sites recently secured at these places. At Sherbrooke, P. Q., a point selected owing to its importance as a railway centre, a site has been secured for a small quarantine station to be erected during the coming season. At Bridgeburg, Ontario, where owing to the large export trade in live stock at that point, it has been found necessary to station a permanent inspector, facilities for the examination of stock have been, at my request, fvirnished by the railway companies interested, although it will probably be necessary, in the near future, to i^rovide facili- ties for the detention of animals imported subject to quarantine. A building long required for this purpose has now been completed at Windsor, Ontario, and greatly adds to the safety and efficiency of the service there. At Willow Creek, Saskatchewan, and at Gateway, Xelson and Midway, B.C., stations similar to those erected last year at other points on the boundarj' line in Western Canada, have been constructed and are now in operation. At Sumas and Douglas, B.C., detention corrals have been erected by the railway companies under the sui^ervision of my officers. Satisfactory arrangements have been made for the veterinary examination of animals, not subject to quarantine, at the various inspection ports, although this is, in some cases, a matter of considerable inconvenience, owing to the isolated nature of the points at which railways cross the boundary. Owing to a well-founded suspicion that some outbreaks of hog cholera owed their origin to American hogs in course of transit through Western Ontario I deemed it advisable last spring to issue new regulations for the control of this traffic, which is Eow being conducted on a much more satisfactory basis than formerly. Ixiv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Owing to an 'alleged scaircity of material in Canada some of our packers began early in the season to import from United States markets hogs for immediate slaughter. Wliile every possible precaution has been taken to prevent the introduction of disease through this channel, the trade is, undoubtedly, a most dangerous one, and I am seriously considering the advisability of taking steps to prevent its continuation beyond the present season. I am glad to say that so far as hog cholera in Canada is concerned the efforts of the department to bring about its eradication have met with a very gratifying measure of success, as is evidenced by the fact that the number of outbreaks dealt with during the past year has been only 47 as compared with 151 in 1903-04, 360 in 1902-03, and 313 in 1901-02. It is also worthy of note that the disease has been almost entirely confined to one district, whereas it formerly threatened to seriously hamper, if not destroy, the hog industry of the country as a whole. By far the most serious matter dealt with during the past year by the officers of this branch, and one which has faxed their energies to the utmost, has been the sup- pression of glanders. This disease, one of the most dangerous and insidious maladies affecting any of the domestic animals, has been found to exist to a very serious extent among horses in several widely distant parts of the Dominion. The policy now pursued in connection with this disease, including as it does the payment of compensation to the owners of slaughtered horses, is, however, of such a nature as to offer good grounds for the hope that it will shortly be possible to control its ravages, and so prevent the heavy annual loss arising from this cause. The order for the compulsory treatment last year of the cattle in the mange in- fected area in Alberta and Assiniboia, having given great satisfaction and proved highly beneficial to the animals dealt with, I thought it advisable to complete the work thus begun by again enforcing a similar measure. I am pleased to say that the results this season have been even more satisfactory than they were in 1904, as many owners who were at fii-st in doubt as to the advisability of subjecting their animals to the treatment required by the regulations, were this year, after seeing the satisfactory results on stock of others, more than willing to comply with the requirements of the department. In order to show the extensive nature of the operations undertaken by the department in this connection, I need only say that 547,705 head of cattle were treated in accordance with the terms of the order. The disease referred to in my report of last year as dourine or maladie du coit, which made its appearance last year among the horses of Southern Alberta is, this sea- son, receiving careful attention at the hands of my officers. A considerable number of affected animals have been destroyed while those sus- pected of being infected are quarantined until such time as it is possible to decide accurately as to their condition. In order that this disease, which is nowhere thoroughly understood, and which appears to vary in its manifestations under different climatic conditions, may be care- REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixv SESSION-AL PAPER No. 15 fully observed with a view to the ultimate adoption of the most intelligent and econo- mical policy possible, I have established an experiment station at the point where it was originally discovered near Lethbridge. This station is under the care of a quali- fied comparative pathologist, who is closely watching the affected animals in his care, and at the same time carrying on a series of experiments having for their object the acquiring of a more definite knowledge as to its nature and characteristics than is at present at our command. As will be seen from the report of the veterinary director general, the investigation into the nature and cause of Pictou cattle disease, which has been carried on during the past two years at Antigonish, N.S., has proved beyond a doubt that this malady, which has long been looked upon and dealt with as if it were of a contagious nature, is in reality due to -the ingestion, under certain conditions, of the weed known as Senecio Jacobea, or Ragwort. This conclusion, which I may say, is beyond question, will enable the department to bring to an end the policy of slaughter and compensation which, since 1882 has been followed in dealing with this disease. In this connection, I may add that, with a view to ascertaining whether or not sheep or goats may be used with impunity in eradicating the dangerous and troublesome weed above referred to, a number of these animals are being at present maintained at the station, on which also a further short series of experiments with cattle is being carried on. I regret that I cannot report any satisfactory progress in the investigation at Win- nipeg into the nature of the disease of horses locally known as swamp fever. Some work has been done by the pathologists during the past season, but their efforts have been seriously crippled by lack of material, the malady having largely decreastd in pre- valence during recent years. This condition of affairs, if continued, will, I need scarcely say be likely to prove eveij more satisfactory to those interested than the most full and complete information as to the nature of the trouble. The work of the biological laboratory, established in 1902 in connection with this branch, is steadily increasing. The number of pathological specimens forwarded for examination by our inspectors and others has, during the past year, nearly trebled. The importance of this work cannot be overestimated, as reliable information as to the nature of outbreaks of disease throughout the country is simply invaluable to owners of stock. Satisfactory progress is being made in other lines, such as the preparation of mallein, which in view of our present active policy in connection with glanders, would otherwise have involved a very considerable expenditure. As the institution grows, it is my intention to begin the manufacture of a number of similar preparations now used in connection with the diagnosis or treatment of animal plagues. Several outbreaks of anthrax have been reported during the year. All cases, how- ever, have been promptly dealt with, with the result that the outbreaks have, in this way, been confined, to the premises where the disease originally made its appearance. I regret to say, however, that in two instances human lives were lost through acci- dental inoculation before the inspectoi-s had an opportunity of warning the owners as to the dangerous nature of the disease. Ixvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Our present policy with regard to tuberculosis appears to be giving satisfaction. It is to be hoped that the investigations now in progress in various countries will shortly result in the development of an intelligent policy of dealing with this serious malady. Meanwhile I do not think that anything would be gained by the adoption of more stringent regulations than those now in force. A somewhat serious outbreak of sheep scab, which was discovered last winter in Ontario, was promptly dealt with by my officers with most satisfactory results. So far as can at present be ascertained, the disease has been completely stamped out, although as a measure of precaution, the district recently infected is being kept under close observation. Considerable impi'ovement has been brought about in the methods of handling live stock in transit, although there yet remains much to be done in this direction. The inspection of live stock for export has been carefully and systematically con- ducted with a view to the safeguarding of this immense and constantly increasing- trade. In this connection it is gratifying to be able to report that, during the past season, upwards of 50,000 head of cattle were shipped from the Canadian Northwest, this being a marked increase over the numbers sent forward in previous years. ARCHIVES BRANCH. Last year I referred to the action taken by the government to centralize the records of the Crown. Before due effect could be given to the decision of Council, it was found to be expedient to construct a fire-proof building for the reception and preservation of documents. A substantial edifice has been erected, and within a few months the archives from, several departments will be removed thereto. In the report of the archives branch for 1904, which has been distributed in both languages, the archivist recommends the preparation of a guide to the sources of Canadian history. Scattered throughout the Dominion there are numerous collections of useful papers to which the attention of students and inquirers should be directed. To transcribe these records for our archives would be the work of years, and to acquire them would be difficult, and often impossible. I believe, however, that the public interest would be served if the papers were examined and summarized. I have, there- fore, authorized an investigation to be made in the different provinces, and for a report to .be prepared, showing (1) the location and condition of records, (2) the nature of the documents and the period they cover, (3) the terms or conditions under which they may be examined or copied by the piiblic. When the information is complete the matter will be arranged in a convenient form so that there will be no difficulty in locating all the documents of a given period which are known to the archives branch. The Rev. Father O'Leary, some time professor of history in Laval University, has been engaged for this work in the province of Quebec, and I am pleased 'to say that his efforts have been very successful during the past four months. His Grace the Arch- RE ['OUT OF THE MlNltiTEll Ixvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 bishop of Quebec has shown his appreciation of the work by issuing a circular to the priests and custodians of records in his diocese, inviting them to give free access to their papers for the purpose we have in hand. The investigation of the archives in the maritime provinces has been entrusted to Dr. James Hannay, the historian, who is particularly qualified to fulfil the task assigned to him. Work in the province of Ontario and the west will be conducted by members of the staff. Dr. Bain, of the Toronto Public Library, Professor Wrong, of Toronto University, and Professor Shortt, of Queen's University have generously offered to assist in the location of docu- ments and in the preparation of the information for publication. It is believed that this work will give a fair idea of our resources, and in cases where records are exposed to danger, steps may be taken to insure their safety. The card index of the volumes already in the archives is being carried on as rapidly as possible, and several cases of loose documents have been arranged and classi- fied. In order to meet a demand for information concerning the development of our constitution, a selection has been made from the more important documents from the date of the establishment of the Sovereign Council until the Constitutional Act. The volume will contain authentic copies of the treaties, of the articles of capitulation and the text of the Acts of 1774 and 1791. It is hoped that the volume may be ready for distribution towards the close of the approaching session. As a result of the research of the late M. Richard, and of investigations since made by the department, there is naturally an accumulation of documents in Europe ready for transcription. The facilities for copying have been increased this year in accord- ance with the augmentation of the vote of last session. It will be seen from the archivist's report that suificient work has been outlined in the Public Record Office to occupy the present staff for several years. The earlier records of the Hudson's Bay Company at the head ofiice in Lime street, and the Canadian papers in the General Post Oflice are being transcribed, and an examination has been made of the Selkirk papers in Scotland. This collection, of over three thousand documents, proves to be of unusual interest and throws new light on affairs between the years 1810 and 1840. The work that is being done is of permanent value, and I have reason to hope that before many years the archives will be widely recognized as an important branch of the public service. During the past year the department has received the following volumes. LONDON OFFICE. Xova Scotia — Board of Trade, 1774-1790. Colonial Correspondence, 1775-1801. Dartmouth Papers, 1776. Governors and Acting Governors, 1764-1799. Militia and Naval Correspondence, 1794-1795. Rolls of naval returns and maps, 1774-1790. Ixviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906 Maps and Plans — Plan of Quebec. Admiralty masters logs, 1759. Miscellaneous papers, 1777-17S6. Survey of lands granted to the loyal disbanded emigrants and civil list of the navy and army, 1785. Freeling's report from the P.M.G., 1790-1794. Receiver General's entry book. Observations on the report of the commissioners committee of inquiry orders, 1737-1771.- Commission book, 1759-1784. Treasury, 1760-1771. Instructions to agents. American letter book, 1773-1783. Canadian records, loose MSS. Hudsons Bay Co. memorial book. Correspondence of Sir John Harvey, 1839-1840. America and West Indies, 1782-1785. America and West Indies, various dates. Cape Breton colonial correspondence, 1790-1801. Governors and Acting Governors, 1791-1798. Board of Trade naval returns from Port Sydney, 1785-1806; from Ports Halifax and Cumberland, 1752-1753. PARIS. Plan de la concession Begun. Role des habitants refugees, 1762-1773. Troupes compagnies detachees, 1658-1736. Moreau St. Mery, 1697-1790. Domains d'Occident, 1736-1748. Concessions reglements et arrets. He Royale, 1716-1742. Louisbourg. Ordonnance, 1733. Fois et Hommage, 172S-1726. Inventaire de I'artillerie, 1565. Recensement Plaisance, 1671-1711. Terreneuve, 1687-1704. " Port St. Pierre, 1720-1728. " Miquelon, 1776-1784. Isle St. Jean, 1728-1758. " Mount St. Louis, 1699-1713. " Havre aux Sauvages, 1719-1728. Famile emigre, 1790. Depots des Fortifications des Colonies. Voyage du Sr. de la Regne, 1752. REPORT OF TEE MINISTER Ixix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 III.— PATENTS OF INVENTION. The following comparative tables show the transactions of the Patent Branch of the Department of Agriculture, from November 1, 1S95, to October 31, 1905 : — Patents and Certificates Granted. Years. Applications. for Patents. Patents. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 190.5, 3,387 3,728 4,300 4,200 4,305 4,628 4,817 5,301 ' 5,912 ' 6,061 j 6,35.5 3,074 3,488 4,013 3,611 3,151 4,522 4,766 4,391 5,673 6,091 6,111 Certificates. 422 413 284 262 412 482 551 510 432 517 536 Total. 3,496 3,901 4,297 3,873 3,563 5,004 5,317 4,901 6,105 6,607 6,647 Caveats. Assignments of Patents. 343 306 377 363 311 283 302 317 328 303 300 1,550 1,420 1,551 1,657 1,467 1,914 2,323 2,339 2,384 2,472 2,576 Detailed Statement, Patent Office Fees. Years . Patent 3. Assign ments. Caveat 3. Copies. Subscrip- tion to 'Patent Record.' Notices to Apply for Patent. Sundries Total. $ cts. $ cts. .S cts. $ c •ts. $ cts. $ cts. .$ cts. $ cts. 1895. . 78,223 52 3,194 00 1,854 35 761 54 245 98 1,951 30 129 79 86,358 48 1896. . 85,060 61 3,130 .56 1,790 65 898 27 420 60 2,245 79 57 04 93,532 52 1897. . 93,298 16 3,2.50 23 2,108 57 969 33 252 53 2,110 89 128 21 102,117 92 1898. . 91,176 44 3,641 90 1,935 74 706 50 266 44 1,463 10 172 73 99,361 95 1899. . 98,669 92 3,781 71 1,533 25 1,028 80 198 05 1,912 00 137 83| 107,261 56 1900. . 104,848 96 4.2.55 40 ] ,405 00 932 54 .5.52 71 1,742 70 115 15 113,852 46 1901. . 1^,985 59 4,506 07 1.479 25 882 87 592 47 2,484 90 133 22 120,064 37 1902. . 119,766 43 5,079 20 1 ,565 35 1,112 59 327 95 1,883 00 162 30 129,896 82 1903. . 130,561 00 5,309 00 1,803 00 1,067 82 373 75 1,994 25 254 99 141,363 81 1904. . 1.34,676 47 5,831 10 1,660 44 1,201 08 391 75 1,827 25 308 01 145,896 10 1905. . 140,588 34 5,842 75 1,6.50 00 1 ,566 69 G68 80 1,491 50 277 37 152,085 45 15- Ixx DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDVv^ARD VII., A. 1906 The Patent Office fees received during the year ended October 31, show a surplus of $87,911.12 over the working expenses of the office as per subjoined table. Receipts. $ cts. Expenditure. S cts. Cash received 152,085 45 ' 2,744 33 i Salaries 'Patent Record' 44 430 00 17,000 00 Receipts over expenditure 61,4.30 00 87 911 12 149,341 12 149.341 12 The following is a table of the countries of residence of the patentees for the years named : — Countries. 1895. - 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. Canada 707 740 756 710 601 707 744 654 794 837 888 England 179 215 266 261 205 254 256 239 248 310 309 United States 1,980 2,270 2,666 2,312 2,038 3,216 3,423 3,164 4,222 4,417 4.451 39 102 21 117 24 126 26 124 36 112 40 157 50 125 45 100 57 116 65 185 62 Germany 171 Other countries .... 85 122 173 165 159 148 168 189 236 277 230 Total 3,074 3,488 4,013 3,611 3,151 4,522 4,766 4,391 5,673 6,091 6,111 The Canadian patentees were distributed among the provinces of the Dominion as follows: — Provinces. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903 . 1904. 1905. 451 177 430 201 464 178 383 171 310 160 396 164 407 185 373 148 438 194 477 171 509 Quebec 206 New Brunswick. . . . 13 12 20 26 7 14 26 14 18 33 26 Nova Scotia 19 32 22 27 18 21 17 26 22 35 27 Prince Edward Isl'd. 6 2 2 4 8 1 0 1 2 1 1 Manitoba and the N.-W. Territories . 18 28 36 45 50 42 52 40 64 61 58 British Columbia . . . 23 35 34 54 48 69 57 52 56 59 61 Total 707 740 756 710 601 707 744 654 794 837 888 REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixxi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Patents issued to residents of Canada, with the ratio of population to each patent granted : — Pro'v'inces. Patents. One to every 61 2,929 509 4,289 206 8,005 58 8,050 26 12,736 27 17,022 1 103,259 888 British Columbia Ontario Quebec- Manitoba and Xorth-west Territories New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Total Statement of the number of patents issued under the Act of the session of 1892, 55-56 Vic, chap. 24, on which the fees are paid for periods of six, twelve or eighteen years, at the option of the patentee ; and of patents on which certificates of payments of fees were attached after the issue of patents originally granted for periods of six and twelve years. Years. Patents on which Periods for which the Fees Certificates were were paid on first issue. attached after issue. 6 years. 12 years. 18 years.; 6 years. 12 years. 1895 (12 months ended October 31). 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 3,049 3.443 3,981 3,586 3,125 4,489 4,719 4,.362 5,630 6,059 6,079 5 11 8 3 3 4 8 2 2 9 4 20 34 24 22 23 29 39 27 41 23 28' 2 15 176 291 366 408 412 405 493 505 3 9 13 21 31 39 27 24 31 15— Fj Ixxii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDVv/ARD VII., A. 1906- The preceding tables show that there has been an increase in most of the transac- tions of the Patent Office during the past year. The total revenue for the year ended October 31, 1905, was $152,085.45, exceeding all previous years; resulting in an in- crease of $6,189.35 over the preceding year, and a surplus of $87,911.12 over the ex- penditure. The total number of reports issued by the examiners during the year was 8,671. Out of the total number of patents granted during the year, there were 4,451 issued to inventors resident in the United States, being nearly 73 per centum of the whole issue. During the year there were eight patents re-issued. Patentees who are resident in foreign countries, continue to avail themselves of the privilege granted under section 8 of ' The Patent Act,' by giving notice of inten- tion to apply for patents in Canada. The number of these notices registered during the year was 746, yielding a revenue of $1,491.50. The ' Canadian Patent Office Record ' continues to be published monthly. It contains a transcript, with drawings, of all claims of patents granted, dates of filing,, dates of issue, and length of term for which fees have been paid; also names and resi- dences of patentees, as well as containing a list of registered copyrights, trade marks and designs. This publication is of great and increasing value to all who are inter- ested in patents, trade marks, copyrights and designs. It affords convenient and easy reference to the claims of all patents granted in Canada, and thus enables both in- ventors and the public to see exactly what is patented. This publication is supplied to foreign patent offices, and is also sent without charge to the free libraries in Canada,, ^nd in foreign countries, with the object of diffusing in the public interest the informa- tion therein contained. The publication is also furnished to the public at $2 per annum, or 20 cents for single monthly numbers. This branch of my department is indebted to the British, Commonwealth of Australia, United States, French, Mexican and Japanese Patent Offices, for their official reports. It cannot be too strongly urged, that patentees and their solicitors should not delay until the last day in remitting partial fees of the six and twelve years' terms. If these fees are received after the expiry of either term, the patents will cease and determine, the Commissioner not being vested with the discretionary power, under any circumstances, to revive them. A revival can only be secured by a private Act of Parliament, the obtaining of which entails considerable expense to the patentee. It may further be added that the Committee on Private Bills usually discourages applica- tions of this kind, on the ground that no one should be denied the right of manufactur- ing, using or vending an invention which has become the property of the public. Exceptional cases may arise, however, in which the patentee or the holder of the patent may be justly entitled to relief from parliament. REPORT OF THE MIMSTER Ixxiii ■SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 It is in the interest of both the applicants and the oifice that great care should be taken by applicants and their attorneys in the preparation of the papers and draw- ings which are required by the rules and forms. Since the Act of 1903, amending the Patent Act, came into force (August 13), a very large number of applications have been received from patentees to have their patents made subject to the conditions of section seven. In dealing with these applica- tions the requirement of the law in regard to manufacture has been kept in mind. The applications which have been granted are those relating to patents for inventions such as the following: An art or process; improvements on a patented invention when toth patents are not held by the same 'person ; appliances or apparatus used in con- nection with railways, telegraph, telephone and lighting systems, and other works usually under the control of public or large private corporations, and which appliances or apparatus cannot be installed or constructed without the consent of such corpora- tions; and certain inventions which are manufactured or constructed only to order, and are not, according to custom, carried in stock. The total number of patents placed under this section from August 13, 1903, to October 31, 1905, is 5,102. In dealing with applications for extensions of time to manufacture and import, the law is applied according to its strict and literal meaning, and the applications are granted only when the applicant has clearly established to the satisfaction of the office, by affidavit or solemn declaration, that the failure to manufacture or import is due to no fault of his, but to reasons beyond his control. Although these applications con- tinue to be quite numerous, it is seldom that such a case is made out as warrants the granting of the application. The clerical work of this branch of my department in the matter of the transac- tion of its correspondence, is more prompt than at any time in its recent history, and I am further pleased to say that the condition of the Examiners' Divisions has greatly improved. Impressed with the justice of the plea of the inventors and manufacturers for more prompt services in dealing with applications for patents, I have from time to time augmented this staff by appointing graduates in the various branches of science, with the gratifying result that applications are now considered and dealt with within a month to three months from the date of filing, instead of, as in former years, from six months to eighteen months. The growth of the business of this office, and the accumulation of its records, called for more filing space, and to this end I have had suitable steel shelving, with drawers, substituted for the wooden cupboards in the record room, thus economizing in space, rendering the room more fire-proof, as well as providing a more sanitary condition than was experienced when the cumbersome cupboards, occupying much space, were in use. The replacing of these wooden cases by steel shelving, has multi- plied the filing space about two-thirds. Ixxiv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VI!.. A. 1906 IV.— COPYRIGHTS, TRADE MARKS, INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND TIMBER MARKS. Statement of fees received by the Copyright and Trade Mark Branch from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. Months. Trade Marks. Copy- rights. Designs. Timber Marks. Assign- ments. Copies. 1 Totals. 1904. S cts. November 1,623 33 December 1,338 25 1905 January 1,976 90 February I 1,414 85 March I 2,002 25 I April ! 2,134 20 Mav 1,851 50 June 1,461 40 July August . . . . September . October . . , Total. . 1,895 40 1,740 00 1,975 25 1,523 90 $ cts. 86 00 130 00 93 10 72 00 108 50 98 50 89 50 129 50 91 50 107 50 134 50 145 00 20.937 23 1,285 60 S cts. 55 00 130 00 46 00 SO 50 88 00 97 00 74 00 60 00 50 00 43 00 92 00 60 00 $ cts. S cts. 6 00 18 44 4 00 6 00 2 00 10 00 4 00 6 00 10 00 4 00 2 00 8 00 45 00 6 00 103 00 45 00 36 00 21 00 10 00 11 00 14 00 6 00 S cts. 4 50 10 00 23 50 12 50 18 50 15 50 25 50 28 50 S cts. 1,793 27 1,618 25 2,186 5C 1,595 85 2,320 25 2,394 20 2,082 50 1,710 40 21 00 2,073 90 16 00 I 1,921 50 21 00 I 2,238 75 28 50 j 1,771 40 875 50 56 00 327 44 225 00 23,706 77 REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixxv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The following table shows a comparative statement of the business of this branch from 1894 to October 31, 1905, inclusive : — Year. o '3 a a CO to 1 4) ^ CO 6 •3» II) o3'fc< O CO eing made to guard against pollution, three troops of cavalry being engaged on this work. Dr. Heiser states that considerable anxiety was felt during the early part of that week on account of a report from Nueva Caceres that one case of cholera had made its appearance at that place. During the cholera outbreak of 1902 the disease appeared at Nxieva Caceres almost simultaneously with its appearance at Manila, and since travel between Manila and Nueva Caceres during the present outbreak was practically impossible, except that which underwent the regu- lar quarantine of five days, it was not likely that the disease could have been carried from Manila. Should this case have been correctly diagnosed, it would appear to afford additional evidence that the disease is endemic in the Philippines. Xo addi- tional cases have accurred, however, and this fact will appear to throw considerable doubt on the diagnosis. Cholera in the provinces is still confined to about the same limits. The cases at Taytay have markedly increased until they have now reached a total of 56 cases* with 48 deaths. The total number of cases in the city of Manila since the outbreak has been 195, with 168 deaths. The number of cases in the pro- vinces has been 260, with 213 dealiis. Small-pox. — This disease has as usual prevailed extensively this year, appearing in Africa, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, British Guiana, •Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China, Columbia, Cuba. Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Formosa, Germany, Gibraltar, Great Britain. Greece, Hawaii, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, ISTether lands, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippine Islands, Porto Ri*co, Russia, Spain, Straits Settle- ments, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay, United States. Venezuela, and the West Indies. Although this disease has ceased to exist as an epidemic in .the United States, there have been during the year, from time to time;, such threatening outbreaks of the disease close to the south of our international frontier, as to require temporary local inspecting officers at various points. Svich officers have been on duty for such periods as seemed to be requisite at Canso, N.S., Owen Sound, Thessalon, Bruce Mines, Sault Ste. Marie, and Fort Francis, Ont. ; North Portal, Sask., and Gateway, B.C. 10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Cases of this disease were brought to some of your quarantine stations, and it has in each case been stamped out there. Few people nowadays are unwise enough to question the protective value of vac- cination. An additional proof of its value — if turther proof be necessary — is to be found in the report of a small-pox hospital in one of the neighbouring states, from which I quote as follows: 'During the past four years about 1,000 medical students, 60 physicians^, 100 nurses, and over 100 servants have been freely exposed to small-pox in the wards of the municipal hospital, the medical students being admitted to study the cases. Of this group, approximately, 1,250 individuals, only one contracted small- pox. This individual, a medical student, descendant from an anti-vaccination family, through purposeful deception, gained access to the small-pox wards, contracted the disease, and was so seriously ill that for a time his life was in extreme jeopardy.' Further experience seems to confirm the claim for chloroform instead of glycerine for the purification of vaccine put forward by Dr. Alan B. Green, of the English Government Lymph laboratories, London, Eng. The health commission of Chicago reports : Emulsions of vaccine pulp exposed for a time to chloroform vapours after the method devised by Dr. Alan B. Green of London have been found by Dr. J. F. Biehn, director of the Department Laboratory of the Chicago Health Department, uniformly free from all foreign organisms except those causing vaccin'o. This vaccine was used by a physician five days after it was removed from the calf. One day was required to prepare it, one day to ship it to Chicago, two days to test it bacteriologically, and one day to send it to the clinician who made the clinical test. Ten days after its receipt the clinician reported that tbe chloroformed vaccine had given 100 per cent of successful primary vaccinations. The most important advantage of the chloroform process is the rapidity with which vaccine lymph may be purified. Purifying by the action of glycerine requires from forty to sixty days; by chloroform, four hours. Dr. Green, who devised this method of purifying vaccine pulp as it is collected from the calf, says, in a recent report, that since April, 1903, the date of his prelim- inary note on this subject, a large niimber of vaccines have been treated. These lymphs have been freed from their non-spore-bearing extraneous bacteria within a period ranging between one and eight hours after their collection from the calf, and have, subject to the usual tests, been issued for general vaccination purposes about two weeks after collection. Their use, he claims, has resulted in high ' case ' and ' insertion ' success. The rapidity with which vaccine lymph can thus be purified obviates the danger of a vaccine famine when a small-pox outbreak creates an unusual demand for vacci- nation. Another advantage is that the life of the vaccine — that is, the period during which it remains active — is materially prolonged. Glycerine is intimately mixed with the lymph and continues its sterilizing action until the vaccine becomes inert. The chloroform is withdrawn as soon as the lymph is purified and there is no further sterilization. A still further advantage of this new proc<='sg vaccine, and one which will be duly appreciated by practical vaccinators who have to deal with large numbers, is the rapidity with which the chloroform vaccine dries when applied. Yellow fever. — The most notable event of the year in connection with this disease has been its reappearance in the southern part of the United States. The stress of the epidemic has been most felt in the State of Louisiana and in the city of New Orleans. In that city there have been 3,383 cases and 455 deaths. The first intimation to the health authorities of yellow fever in New Orleans was had on the afternoon of July 12, when two phys'.cians reported orally to the president of the State Board of Health in his office two cases of illness resembling, in their judgment, yellow fever, one case being reported after death. PUBLIC HEALTH 11 SESSIOriAL PAPER No. 15 The plan of campaign adopted by the Board of Health from the beginning was based on the mosquito conveyance of disease, and the system was improved from day to day as the men employed became more familiar with their duties. For the first time since yellow fever appeared in New Orleans the noon bulletin of October 28, covering the sixteen hours preceding showed that there were no new cases and no deaths. The yellow fever epidemic is so niearly at an end that it can safely be said that science has won a distinct victory after one of its greatest battles. The attitude and the effort of the community have been admirable and thoroughly helpful to the en- lightened and vigorous course of the officers of the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service. Action along the lines pointed out by the mosquito theory of infection has proved to be absolutely effective. This is demonstrated by compari- sons with the epidemic of 1878. The two epidemics were discovered late in July, and they ran a very similar course up to three or four days after the beginning of the organized fight this year. Thereafter the cases decreased in 1905 as against a great increase in 1878. In all the south there have been in 1905 less than 9,000 cases and not over 1,000 deaths, while in 1878 in New Orleans alone, with half its present popu- lation, there were 4,000 deaths. In 1905 outside New Orleans it has been shown, in town after to\vn, that the epidemic recedes xmiformly when there is thorough appli- cation of the methods deduced from the mosquito doctrine. Wlienever the com- munity has been reluctant to adopt measures demanded by modern knowledge, there the epidemic has been most severe. Under the heading of the Mosquito as a School Master, Charities says : ' One female Stegomyia, with an old oyster can in your back yard, with a little water in it, can hatch out 200,000,000 mosquitoes in one year; clean out your cans, your broken bottles and your tubs.' This is a sentence from a veritable stump speech before one of the hundred meet- ings held throughout New Orleans the past month. It shows not only the thor- oughness of the campaign against infection, but the picturesque way in which the sub- ject has been driven home in one of the most remarkable educational movements of the decade. Practically an entire city has been converted to the mosquito theory of the transmission of yellow fever. The lecturer's stereopticon has been as mighty in the muster of arms as the bacteriologist's microscope. It has been a story of ' inspec- tion, fumigation and widest education,' to use the words of the Picayune, and the list of meetings announced in a single issue, sounding as they do like the marshallings of a political campaign, gives an idea of the vigor with which this gospel of belief and of works has been preached in churches and halls, and synagogues and markets ; before Italians and negroes, and women's club and ward organizations. Professional recognition will come to the Marine Hospital Service and to the local health officers for their technical sanitary work. Charities would compliment them further upon the spirit with which they have welcomed and engaged public co- operation.' The Mosquito Transmission of Yellow Fever. — At the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, held in Boston, Mass., during last month, a committee consisting of Drs. John Guiteras, Frederick Montizambert, P. H. Bailhache, James •Carroll, William Bailey, and Eduardo Liceaga, presented the following pre- ambles and resolutions: — ' Whereas, The results obtained during the present epidemic of yellow fever in New Orleans by the methods of mosquito extermination, and by the prevention of the access of the mosquito to the patients, have been far in advance of the results ob- tained by the older methods ; and ' Whereas, It has been possible by the new methods to hold in check and gradually to reduce an epidemic that has taken a firm foothold in the midst of the largest non- immune population that was ever exposed to yellow fever; therefore, be it 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 . 'Resolved, (1) That the a.ssociation sees in these results a further confirmation of the view that yellow fever is naturally transmitted only by the bite of an infected mosquito. (2) That the association is of opinion that an efficient plan of defence against the propagation of yellow fever at the beginning of an epidemic can be easily established upon the basis of this doctrine. (3) That the successful carrying-out of such plan depends upon a thorough understanding of the mosquito doctrine by the peo- ple, and the support that they may give to the prompt and frank reporting and to the .proper handling of the first cases, and of all suspicious cases. (4) The association wishes further to congratulate the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service for the brilliant work done by Dr. Joseph H. White and his colleagues in New Orleans, and to urge upon all concerned that the said service be called upon to take charge perman- ently of maritime quarantine along the Gulf Coast." These resolutions were adopted. Scarlet fever. — ^In a recent article on this disease the Journal of the American Medical Association says : — The treatment of the eruptive fevers by red light is no new proceeding, as there is some evidence that the Chinese and also some European nations employed it cen- turies ago. That they applied the treatment in the form now suggested seems doubt- ful, and there is evidence that they neglected to exclude ordinary light from the sick room, and that the hanging of the room with red draperies, and sometimes wrapping the limbs in red cloths, constituted the red light treatment of early days. Toward the end of the last century the work of Finsen put the matter on a scientific basis, and re- newed the interest in this form of treatment. The philosophy of the treatment is based, on the well-known fact that the so-called chemical rays in light, the blue, violet and ultra-violet, are capable of setting up inflammation in the healthy skin, and there- fore are certain to aggravate the inflammation in a skin already diseased from some other cause. Finsen suggested the use of the red light treatment in small-pox parti- cularly, and the results reported have varied, though they have been most encouraging, when the reporter closely followed Finsen's directions. This method of treatment has also been followed with some success in erysipelas, especially by Krukenberg, who has reported both improvement in the skin condition and rapid decrease in the tempera- ture. Quite recently Cnopf of Niirnberg has reported some results with the red light treatment of scarlet fever, which are distinctly encouraging. The method of apply- ing the treatment in these cases is important, as all daylight must be permanently ex- cluded until the eruption of the disease has completely disappeared. The windows for their lower two-thirds should be covered with some tissue completely impermeable to light, while the upper one-third should, be covered with some ruby red silk. At night the room should be treated as a photograpnic dark room and only lights with red shades should be allowed. The importance of completely excluding everything but the red rays is demonstrated by some of Cnopf's experiences. He found that even after the scarla- tinal rash had apparently disappeared exposure to daylight for two or three minutes sufficed to bring it back. He was compelled, therefore, to make this test in all cases before allowing patients to be subjected to ordinary light. The effect of the red light treatment on scarlet fever is twofold. The fever, which under ordinary treatment usually persists until the rash fades, falls, almost by crisis, and I'eaches normal in three or four days instead of in seven or eight days, as is the ca33 under ordinary treatment. The skin lesion is also markedly affected, the re4 colour so characteristic of the disease gradually fading. The complications of the disease are apparently not affected, as in several of Cnopf's cases secondary angina or pneumonia served to caus6 an increase in the fever as usual. The question naturally arises whether it is the red light or merely the exclusion of all light which is responsible for the changes noted by Cnopf. The query is an old PUBLIC HEALTH 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 one. Years ago it was noted that exclusion of all light from small-pox patients led to less pitting than daylight treatment. Cnopf, however, thinks that the mere exclu- sion of daylight is not the responsible agent, but that the red rays have an actual curative effect. How this effect is produced he does not pretend to say. However much we may be lacking in explanations of these observations, and however niucli we may doubt the actual value of the treatment, the success achieved seems to indicate that the method is worthy of more extended trial. Considerable interest was aroused not long since by ^lallory's description of cer- tain protozoon-like bodies which he had observed in the epithelial cells and the lymph spaces of the skin taken from patients who had died of scarlet fever. He had been unable to find these in the living patient. This discovery was hailed as a possible con- tribution to the etiology of the disease, and a number of investigators have since then busied themselves with the question along the lines indicated by Mallory, Duval obtained similar bodies from the blisters of scarlatina cases, and now C, W. Field (Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol, VII., ISTo. 4), has published the results of his investigations dealing with a similar condition not only in scarlet fever, but also in measles and other skin rashes. Eield comes to the conclusion, based on an extensive series of observations,' that the bodies described by Mallory are part of the proto- plasm of the epithelial cells, which has been so changed in its chemical nature that its staining reaction differs from that of the surrounding protoplasm. The small round extra-cellular bodies found in the living patient may arise from degenerating cells, but this origin the author does not assert without reserve. In sections of control and normal skin, the nuclei of the epithelial cells were often seen to be indented by the cell protoplasm, giving them an appearance similar to those indented by Mallory's bodies. It would seem that if these bodies were protozoa, they would have been found in the sections from both the living and the dead skin of scarlatina and measles patients, as they were present in the blister fluid. Their occasional absence seems more suggestive of a degeneration than of a living organism. This view is also borne out by the fact that in one instance they were not found immediately after death, but were present in another specimen from the same case removed 24 hours later. An- other circumstance of interest that apparently supports the idea that bodies foiind in the blister fluid are the products of degeneration and cytolytic activity, is the fact that these were found in the antitoxin rashes as well as in those of scarlatina and measles. Field's observations demonstrate quite clearly that a great majority of these protozoon-like bodies arise from degenerating cells and the differentiation between one of the latter and a true protozon by the morphology and the staining reaction alone will remain a difficult matter. Although it would seem from these facts that the bodies described by Mallory may be what Field claims them to be, nevertheless they may be specific accompaniments of these diseases, and even if we cannot ascribe to them any pathogenic characters, it may be yet be possible that their demonstration will prove of some assistance in the diagnosis of these cases, Beriheri. — The Medical Record reports that at a recent medical meeting Dr, Tertius Clarke read a paper on this subject, discussing the various theories concerning its etiology. He said the arsenical theory was based on the similarity of symptoms, and on the finding of arsenic in the hair and toenails of some patients ; but the herpes, the pigmentation and the painful feet of arsenical neuritis were not seen in beriberi. In addition to this the neuritis of beriberi was chiefly parenchymatous, while that of arsenic was chiefly interstitial. The rice theory had its main support in the almost complete immunity of Tamils from the disease in a country where beriberi was one of the three chief causes of death. These Tamils subjected their rice before husking to a preliminary boiling, while the other races husked their rice raw, and so it could become contaminated by the poison which was in the husk. This was not the only difference between the Chinese and the Tamils, for ihe former rarely took hot things with their rice, whereas the Tamils always took a quantity of pungent things 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906 containing essential oils, wliich it would be reasonable to regard as preventives. The place theory supposed thai the virus existed in certain places or gangs, some consider- ing that the organism, others that only the toxin produced by the organism gained entrance to the system. Only conjectures could be made as to how the organism or toxin entered the system. The theory of Hamilton Wright was that beriberi was ' an acute infectious disease having a definite primary lesion ' in the stomach and small intestine, and that the casual organisms might be ingested in any food and drink accidentally contaminated and might ' multiply and produce a toxin both in the con- tents and walls of the affected stomach and in the small intestine.' The chief sup- port of this theory was the finding of gastroduodenitis in all cases in which death had occurred in the early stages of the disease. Bearing on the rice theory, Dr. Clarke related an experience of his own. He was in charge of a hospital and of an Asylum for Decrepit Vagrants in Lower Perak. The hospital had been in use for several years; the asylum, though an old building, had for some time been empty. The hos- pital and asylum were about three hundred yards apart; the soil, air and water supply were the same. The hospital had cement floors and very well ventilated wards; the asylum had raised wooden floors and very badly ventilated wards. There were about sixty Chinamen in the asylum, and about thirty in the hospital daily. The food in the two institutions was similar in quantity and quality, and was supplied by the same contractor. The conditions at the hospital were, on the whole, far better than they were at the asylum, except for the one fact that the clothing, bedding and utensils at the hospital had been in use for some time, whereas all these things at the asylum were absolutely new. Beriberi cases were admitted into both institutions, but of thirty cases in the hospital between the middle of November, 1903, and the end of the year, six originated in the hospital in men admitted for other diseases, and twenty-nine of the thirty patients died, showing an extraordinary virulence. During the same period at the asylum no beriberi paients died and no new cases occurred among the inmates. After very thorough disinfection of the hospital which included boiling all clothes, perchloriding the bed-boards, floors and walls, and changing the patients around so that the Tamils occupied the Chinese ward and the Chinese the Tamil ward, no more cases arose. No change was made in the diet. No Tamils acquired the disease, though their rice was the same and actually cooked in the same vessel with that for the Chinese. It might be noted, however, that they had hot curry-stuffs and no pork. Dr. Clarke said it was quite the exception for dressers, or even for ward attendants, whro might sleep every night in beriberi wards, to acquire the disease. He had known a Chinaman who had been a ward attendant for nine years (and who must have slept many hundred times in a ward containing thirty or forty beriberi patients) leave in order to go tin mining, and come back into hospital in a few months with beriberi. The late Dr. Louis Vintras contributed to The Hospital, November 26, a paper on beriberi which possesses particular value in view of the reported ravages of the malady in the Japanese army, which is in other respects so well guarded from the attacks of disease. Dr. Vintras had had a long experience in observing the disease while in Brazil and the Guianas, and his conclusions are therefore of interest. His belief was that the malady is neither endemic or epidemic, but is primarily due to privations and faulty nutrition, and that both white and coloured people are equally liable to it. He states, moreover, that as Professor Achermann, the president of the Norwegian Com- mission on the disease, has recently established, there is no essential difference between Asiatic beriberi and ship beriberi. The difference in the symptoms on which it has been sought to lay so much stress, is a difference due simply to the conditions under which the patients find themselves, and not to any fundamental pathological differ- ence. For the symptoms differ as largely among Asiatics as they do among the mem- bers of white crews, nor can it be said that the form it assumes is more severe with the one class of patients than with the other. PUBLIC HEALTH 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The writer pointed out an important pathological feature in connection with the disease, which is that when the damage done to the nerve endings has reached a cer- tain point, though the progress of the disease may be arrested, the affected parts of the nerves do not recover and the paralysis and subsequent deformities are irremediable. Dr. Yintras summed up as follows : ' Beriberi will appear wherever life is depen- dent for any length of time on foods, whether animal or vegetable, whose nutritive value has become impaired, more especially when people are at the same time sub- jected to heavy physical strain, or to long exposure in debilitating climates. Our pres- etn knowledge of dietetics is too imperfect for us to formulate the exact relations be- tween the different constituents of our foods and the different tissues of the body. Otherwise, knowing that it is nerves which are primarily affected in beriberi, we should be able to say what is the particular impairment in food generally which is responsible for the causation of this disease.' Leprosy. — Leprosy existed in Egypt in prehistoric times and extended to another land only when intercourse was established between the two countries. It reached Greece at about 345 B.C., Italy in the first century before Christ, and from the latter country extended to Germany, France and Spain. Crusaders returning from the Orient also brought back the disease in later times and eventually all Europe was infected. Leprosy is known to have existed in Great Britain in the tenth century, and from that coimtry it was carried to Iceland and Greenland. From Germany it ex- tended to the Scandinavian countries, and from the latter to Finland and Russia. It also reached Eussia from the south and east, and in the south it was at one time called the Crimean disease. The West Indies and South America probably were infected from Spain, and through these channels the disease was carried to the southern states. The leprosy of the western states seems to have been imported by Norwegian immi- grants chiefly. In 1902 the United States leprosy commission found 278 cases in that country. One hundred and eighty-six of these individuals probably contracted the disease in that country, 120 were born in foreign countries and 145 were native born. ihe disease also extended around the globe in the opposite direction, reaching China, Japan and the East Indian Islands from India. The Sandwich Islands became in- fected in the nineteenth century. The contagiousness of the disease appears to have been recognized at a very early period. In 636 A.D., leprosy houses were instituted in Italy and other coun- tries, and the practice of segregating lepers soon became general. The hospitals were called Lazarus houses in middle Europe and St. George houses in Scandinavian coun- tries. Pipin and Charles the Great declared marriage between lepers illegal. The rapid disappearance of leprosy in middle Europe during the sixteenth century is ascribed largely to the segregation of the patients. In 1872 Ilansen announced that small rods, sometimes intracellular and some- times free, were to be found constantly in teased preparations of leprous tissue. These rods, leprosy bacilli, are now universally recognized as the cause of the disease, and in 1879 they were stained by I^Teiser and a year later by Hansen, The organism is non-motile, has about the dimensions of the tubercle bacillus, the same staining reac- tions, and frequently shows a beaded appearance (degeneration forma (?) ). It is said to take up dyes more readily than the tubercle bacillus, but the difference is not so great as to be distinctive. It stains by Gram's method. Success in cultivating the bacillus has been reported a number of times, but the researches of others have failed to confirm these successes. Up to the present time it is probable that the organism has not been made to grow in artificial media. The resemblance of the bacillus to other acid-fast organisms, which are not pathogenic for animals, and the non-suseeptibilty of experiment animals to leprosy, are conditions which render very difficult the identification of a culture as that of the leprosy bacillus. ISTicolli is said to have produced leprous nodules in monkeys by inoculating them with diseased tissue. 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 So far as known the organism has no natural existence outside the human body, and it is disseminated only by the secretions of the diseased. It is discharged chiefly through the secretions of the nose and the upper respiratory passages, the surfaces of which are so commonly the seat of leprous ulcers, and also through ulcerating lesions of the skin. Expectorations, sneezing and coughing have approximately the same significance for the dissemination of leprosy bacilli as of tubercle bacilli. In- fected droplets of sputum may be emitted by forcible speaking. It is stated that the organisms found in the sputum and nasal secretions appear to be largely degen- erated, a condition which may lessen the infectiousness of these substances. The infectiousness of the leprosy bacillus is of a low character. ' Epidemiologic experience teaches that infection occurs only throi;gh intimate and prolonged associa- tion with the diseased, in which doubtless uncleanliness plays a very important role' (Gotschlich), A leprous husband eventually infects his wife, and the children of lepers commonly develop the disease early in life. The high percentage of leprosy which is noted among the laundresses of infected localities indicates that the disease may also be transmitted by indirect contact. Gotschlich throws some doubt on the importance of dust infection since so many of the bacilli found in sputum appear to be degenerated. Nothing is known of the resistance and. viability of the organism outside the body. On account of the early appearance and almost constant occuri-ence of leprous lesions in the nasal passages Strieker believes that the latter constitute the chief infec- tion atrium; of this Hansen is not positive. Nasal ulcers may be present in latent or apparently healed cases. Kolle cites a case showing extensive involvement of the spleen and liver in which the intestinal tract was considered the infection atrium. In some instances in which disease is first noted in the feet, the organisms are sup- posed to gain entrance with infected soil through abrasions in the skin. According to Cornil and Babes, infection may take place throvigh. the hair follicles and' sebaceous glands. The theory of Jonathan Hutchinson that leprosy may be contracted through eating diseased fish, or that the latter in some way may render the individuals sus- ceptible to infection is not generally accepted. Hereditary acquisition of the disease is of doubtful occurrence, although the bacilli have been found in ova (Babes) and commonly are present in enormous numbers in the testicles. Hansen states, however, that he has never found them in the female generative organs. — The Journal. Because of the failure to cultivate the leprosy bacillus, experimental work with the serum and cells of men and animals, by which the conclusions as to the defen- sive powers of the body might be drawn, cannot be carried out. The principles of prophylaxis may be illustrated by citing the practices in Nor- way. Originally all lepers were confined to institutions. At the present time, how- ever, only indigent lepers and those who can not be suitably cared for at home are re- quired to enter an asylum, where they live under the best hygienic conditions. Other patients are allowed to remain at home, with the understanding that they sleep alone and, if possible, have separate rooms, that their clothing, linen and eating utensils be usied by on one else ,and that proper precautions be taken in the washing of linen. Dressings and bandages must be burned. Leprous mothers not to nurse their off- spring; kissing to be prohibited; under no circumstances should a leper touch food to be eaten by others. Under these regulations the number of lepers in Norway has de- creased from 2,870 in 1856 to 577 in 1900. In the May number of the St. Thomas Hospital Gazette, Dr. G. Armauer Hansen gives an interesting account of leprosy in Norway. It is not known when the disease was introdnced into that country. Dr. Hansen thinks it probable that some of the Vikings caught the disease on their cruises to the north of France, Eng- land or Scotland. Nothing positive is known about leprosy in Norway before 1277, when King Haakin V. by his will decreed that the St. Catharina Hospital in Bergen rhould only admit lepers. Later there was a hospital in Tinsberg and one at Hamar, nd that, says Dr. Hansen, is all that is known about the disease in Norway till 1840, PUBLIC HEALTH 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 when Danielssen and Boeck began their memorable researches. Then it was that, in the words of Virchow, leprosy entered into the nnmber of scientifically studied diseases. By the census of the lepers in Norway, made in 1845, they found that the total number was 1,122, and their investigations led them to the conclusion that lep- rosy was essentially a hereditary disease, but that it might also arise sponanteously as the result of bad living and a wet climate. In accordance with the pathological con- cepts of the day, they thought the disease was caused, by a dyscrasia — too much albu- men in the blood. At their suggestion refuges in which poor lepers could be cared for and treated were established at Bergen, at Molde and at Trondjem ; ' thereby,' says our author, ' were taken the measures which have proved so successful.' Hansen began his studies on leprosy in 1868 under the guidance of Danielssen. In 1871 and 1872 he made researches on the etiology of the disease in rural districts, and in this way he found that many facts as to the spread of the disease could be much better ex- plained by contagion than by hereditary. He was thus led to search for a parasitic agent, with the. result that he made his famous discovery. At the same time he revised the statistics of the prevalence of the disease. He found that, whereas the number of lepers in 1856 had been thought to be 2,079, there really were 2,833. Care- ful inquiries satisfied him that no decrease in the number of lepers had taken place till that time. Since then the records have been accurately kept, and they show that the disease has steadily diminished, a result which in Hansen's opinion can be ex- plained only by the system of isolation, partial as it was, which was adopted. ' It would,' he says, ' be highly remarkable that the improvements in the preparation of fish food should set in exactly at the same time as the isolation of lepers set in.' But it is known with certainty that no such improvement in the way of dealing with fish took place at that time. When Hansen made his researches in the country districts in 1871 and 1872 he found that the peasants still consumed badly cured fish in. large quantities while leprosy was already decreasing. He sums up — and he gives his con- clusion the emphasis of italics — that the fish diet theory of leprosy does not hold good for Norway, and prohahly not for any other locality. While the fish theory cannot explain the decrease of leprosy in Norway, he is inclined to consider that decrease the best argument so far available in proof of the contagiousness of the disease. If there be still any who do not admit the contagiousness of leprosy, the case brought forward by Professor Wolff of Strassburg at the International Congress of Dermatology, held last year at Berlin, shouH prove convincing. The facts are as follows : On November 2, 1903, a man suffering from undoubted leprosy attended Dr. Wolff's skin clinic. After spending five years in Tonquin he had returned to his native place, Urbach. At the end of two months he was admitted to the hospital there. Thence he had been sent on to Strassburg for treatment. In the latter city he remained in hospital till his death, which occurred on July 4, 1904. On February 2, 1902, a nephew of the foregoing presented himself at the clinic. He was a robust young fellow of 19, and had always been quite healthy until recently, when he com- plained of sharp pains in the back. He had never resided out of Urbach. During the two montlis' sojourn of the leprous uncle in the house of the young man's parents in that place the lad had often played with him and kissed him. On investigation the lad was found to be suffering from leprosy. This instance of the disease occurring in a leprosy-free area is on a par with the well known Irish case recorded by Dr. Benson. The subject of leprosy has attracted attention in the United States this year. On Monday, May 15, there was a conference of representatives of State Boards of Health with the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, Dr. Wyman. Twenty-seven states were represented. The first subject discussed was the control of leprosy. It seems to be the general opinion that the danger from leprosy in that country is increasing. Dr. Geddings, of the Marine Hospital Service, read a report showing 15—2 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 tliat there are 278 lepers known of in the United States at the present time; 176 males and 102 females. One hundred and forty-five are American born and 129 foreign born. One hundred and eighty-six apparently contracted the disease in that country and 68 abroad. But 72 of the cases are isolated, the others being at large. The establishment of a National Lepers' Home, for the segregation of all lepers was advocated. Dr. Wyman stated that a bill had been presented to the last Congress for such a home, and another one providing for the study of leprosy in the Island of Molokai, Hawaii, under the supervision of the Public Health Service of the United States. A bill recently passed by Congress provides that when the Territory of Hawaii shall have ceded to the United States in perpetuity a tract of land one mile square within the leper settlement on the Island of Molokai, a hospital station and laboratory of the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service shall be established thereon for the study of the methods of transmission, cause and treatment of leprosy. It further authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to cause the erection on a site selected of suitable and necessary buildings, and that the surgeon general of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, through his accredited agent, may receive patients afflicted with leprosy and committed to his care under the legal authorization of the Territory of Hawaii. These patients are not to exceed forty in number to be under treatment at any one time, and they shall remain under the jurisdiction of the surgeon-general until returned to the proper health authorities of Hawaii. The surgeon general, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, is authorized also to detail, or to appoint, for the purposes of these investigations, any medical officers, acting assistant surgeons and others who may be necessary for the purpose. The sum of $100,000 is appropriated for the erection of the buildings, and $50,000 for the maintenance and pay of officers and employees for the fiscal year end- ing June 30. 1906. At the Tracadie Leper Lazaretto continiied good results follow the treatment spoken of in my last annual report. All the patients who take this treatment — chaul- moogra oil and strychine, with creolin outwardly — are improving under it both in health and spirits. The appalling darkness of their former hopeless condition being now lightened and brightened by gleams of hope. One patient, a man of 40, is so apparently cured of all symptoms of the disease that I felt justified at my last in- spection of the lazaretto in approving of his going home, on the condition of his reporting himself from time to time for examination by the physician of the institu- tion. He has been in the lazaretto for five years. Previous to his being thus released all the ulcerations on his body and limbs had completely healed, and repeated microscopic examinations of the mucus from his mouth, throat and nostrils had for some time failed to reveal the presence of the leprosy bacillus. Whether this apiiarent cure will prove permanent or not the future, of course, alone can show. With regard to this question of cures it is well known that spontaneous cures do take place sometimes in leprosy, or rather spontaneous cessations of the disease. Thus in the history of this lazaretto Dr. Smith reports the following cases: Judith Benoit entered in 1879, discharged in 1889. Augustin Losier, entered in 1879, discharged 1885. Louis Manzeroll, entered in 1882, discharged in 1890. Maurice Benoit (the man spoken of in my last annual report) entered in 1878, discharged in 1889. Thus the cure in the case of the man discharged this year may also be spontane- ous and not due to the chaulmoogra oil. But there can be no question of the benefits of this treatment in any case. With regard to the theory of a fish diet as a cause of this disease, as held by Jona- than Hutchinson, the experience of our lazaretto is against it. And it may be of PUBLIC HEALTH 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 interest to note that all the four discharged patients here mentioned by name are stated to have returned to an almost exclusively fish diet, and all remain free from any return of the disease. It is of course possible, however, that the very fact of their spontaneous cure may imply such an amount of self -immunization as may protect them from further attack. Tuberculosis. — The chief event during the year in connection with this disease has been the holding of the International Tuberculosis Congress in Paris this month. And the chief event of that congress has been the announcement of Professor Emil Behring that he has succeeded in rendering animals immune, and can probably cure them when the disease has been fully developed. No experiments have yet been made by him on man. * At the closing session of the congress von Behring announced that in the course of the last two years he had established the existence of a curative principle entirely different from the antitoxic principle. It is the essential element, he stated, in the immunizing action of the vaccine with which he has been successfully combating bovine tuberculosis. Four years of experience have demonstrated the efficacy of the bovo-vaccine, and it is being applied now on a large scale in agricultural circles. ' The curative principle,' he continued, depends on the impregnation of the living cells of ;he organism with a substance derived from the virus of tuberculosis, which I call TC. When the TC has become an integral part of the cells of the organism of the animals treated with it, and has become transformed by these cells, I designate it as TX. In the bacillus of tuberculosis the TX, or rather the TC, pre-exist as an agent endowed with a large number of extraordinary properties. In the bacillus this agent has the function of a formative substance. It has also fermentative and catalytic properties. It can fasten itself by contact on other substances — a phenomenon called ' adsorption ' — and has assimilating properties, in short, it represents the ' quasi vital principle ' of the bacilli. In cattle, in the process of rendering them immune to tuber- culosis, the TC is freed from accidental substances. It exerts a symbiotic action in- side the cells of the organism, especially in the cellular elements which are derived from the germinal centres of the lympathic tissue. The presence of the TC is the cause of the supersensitiveness to Koch's tuberculin, on the one hand, and of the pro- tecting reaction against tuberculosis on the other hand. This conception of a cellular immunity is entirely different from the antitoxic humoral immunity.' The Journal of October 17, 1903, page 994, presented Behring's announcement in regard to vaccina- tion of cattle against tuberculosis. (See also page 620 of volume xlii.) His experi- ence has convinced him that the technic was inapplicable to man, it being unwise to inject live tubercle bacilli into human beings for therapeutic purposes. He continued, in his congress address : ' The discovery of this curative principle is destined, I believe, to protect human beings threatened with phthisis against the injurious action of tuberculous infection. As I studied it more and more I foimd that the relations between vaccination and immunity became plain, and that it solved one after another of the puzzling problems in regard to the nature and mode of action of anti-diphtheria serum. After the discovery of the curative principle my efforts were directed to pro- duce it in vitro and thus spare the cells of the organism the arduous and sometimes dangerous task of elaborating the TX under the influence of the TC. This I have accomplished, substituting passive immunization for the active immunization of my bovo-vaccine. The TC has to be freed from the substances which interfere with its therapeutic action. There are three groups of such substances in the body of the bacillus. The first is a substance which has a fermentative and catalytic action and is soluble in water. The toxic elements in Koch's tuberculin are derived from this sub- stance. It posseses all the physical, chemical and tinctorial properties of volutin, and I call it TV. A single gram of this substance in the dry form is more powerful than a liter of Koch's tuberculin. The second substance is soluble only in a neutral salt, such as a 10 per cent saline solution. I call this substance TGL, as it is like globulin. 15— 2i 20 DEPANTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The third group includes various non-toxic substances, sohible only in ether, alchohol, chloroform, &c. After the bacillus has been freed from these three groups of sub- stances it still retains its shape and staining properties, but it can be modified into an amorphous substance which is absorbed by the lympathic cells. The amorphous sub- stance is elaborated and metamorphosed by these cells and they become oxyphile and eosinophile. Parallel with this transformation of the cells under the influence of the amorphous substance, the TO, the organism acquires the condition of immunity. One of the fundamental facts is that while the TC is not capable of reproduction, it yet has the power of inducing the formation of the tubercle. The tubercle thus created never undergoes caseation and never softens. It corresponds exactly to ' Laennec's tuberculous granulation.' In certain conditions the TC may also induce gray or gela- tiniform infiltration.' In conclusion, Behring recalled that four years elapsed after his communication in regard to anti-diphtheria serum before the profession at large accepted it. Its acceptance was hastened by Roux's cordial backing, and he hopes that he may be fortunate enough to obtain such a friend for this new remedy, with as much conquering force and the same disinterestedness above all suspicion. A despatch from Saranac Lake to the New York Herald says: It has been known here for some time that Professor Behring has been working for several years on a consumption cure, and it is believed that his announcement promised to the International Congress on Tuberculosis to-morrow, will be that the ' cure ' lies in feeding patients on the milk of immunized cows. Dr. M. P. Eavenel, of Philadelphia, who visited Professor Behring a year ago and was shown around his farm, is on a visit to this place. Dr. Ravenel is assistant medical director of the Henry Phipps Institute for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, in Philadelphia, and a director in the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. He was appointed to represent the United States at the International Congress, at which Professor Behring promises to make known his discoveries, but was prevented from going abroad. He said to a reporter for the Herald to-night : — ' I do not know positively what Professor Behring's discovery is, but I know along what lines he was working when I visited him last year. Cattle were being vaccinated by an injection into their veins of living tubercle bacilli attenuated by long growth in an artificial culture medium. The idea was that immune bodies pass into the milk of the immunized animals, and the milk from the immunized cows was to be used for consumptive patients.' Professor Maragliano had previously shown that without doiibt the milk of im- munized cows does contain immune bodies. In fact Maragliano's method is being- tested at the Henry Phipps Institute in Philadelphiap When I visited Professor Behring I found him being assisted in his experiments by Dr. Eoemer. I was given some of the millv from the vaccinated cattle and asked if I could detect any preserv- ative in it. I thought that I could, but others said they could not. Professor Behring was using a new preservative called sofon.' Dr. Ravenel said he wished it distinctly understood that he did not know positively what Professor Behring's cure consisted of, but merely knew along what lines he had been working. Possibly he has made some unannounced discovery within a short time. It is understood here unofficially that Professor Behring contemplated forming a company that would;, as a business enterprise, erect a large sanitarium where the patients would be treated with the milk from immunized cows. It is also understood in some quarters that he expended considerable of the fortune he made with his diphtheria serum in searching for a consumption cure. He was not the discoverer of the diphtheria bacillus. The bacillus was discov- ered by Dr. Klebsi, father of Dr. Arnold C. Klebs, of Chicago, and Dr. Loeffler, but Professor Behring discovered the cure. Physicians here are not ready to admit that his cure for tuberculosis will prove PUBLIC HEALTH 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 a cure in reality. So many remedies have been announced as sure cures and later on have been proven as useless that the physicians here are sceptical. On the ques- tion of his right to retain the profits of his discovery there is some division of senti- ment. In Germany such a proceeding is thought to be proper, but there is a different feeling here. However, those physicians who think he used the fortune made with his diphtheria .serum to find a cure for tuberculosis are mclined to deal leniently ■with him.' London medical weeklies do not take kindly to the pronouncement made by Dr. Behring at the recent Tubercixlosis Congress in Paris in reference to the discovery of a cure for consumption. An article in the British Medical Journal just out, declares: 'It may be pointed out that as far as the material which Dr. Behring has laid before us is concerned, there is no reasonable justification to anticipate any important progress in the treat- ment of tuberculosis. Dr. Behring failed to convince the majority of scientists in Europe that he had done a great work when he delivered his address in Cassel, and it is not too much to say that if it were not for his name having become great in con- nection wath the diphtheria antitoxin, this work would not have aroused much notice.' ' It has not been accepted, and therefore one fails to see how this new research which is to a certain extent built up on immunizing experiments, can be ever pro- visionally accepted. Going a little further into the inquiry, w'e are given to amder- stand that active immunization, which he believed he had previously produced, could be substituted by a passive immunization, and by means of these anti-bodies a cura- tive process could be achieved. This of course, applies to laboratory animals, such as guinea pigs and rabbits, so that even if Dr. Behring can show later, and others can confirm his work, that true passive immunity can be produced! on these animals, it does not by any means follow that the same applies to man.' The Lancet says: 'Dr. Behring is a pathologist of world-wide reputation, with a splendid record of past achievements, and we may hope that his confidence in his own work will again be justified. Isone the less, we cannot but deprecate the great publi- city which has been given to the investigation which at the present time is very far from complete. ' It appears to us that such congresses as that at which the announcement has been made have a desigiiedly public character. Their role is to give opportunities for bringing forward a finished work in relation to the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis, among other diseases, and to educate public opinion in regard to these matters. ' Such assemblies are certainly not intended for the presentation of an incomplete work or the utterance of heterodox views as to the pathology of the disease. ' To bring forward such an investigation and to allow it to be published in lay journals, with all its complex technicalities, is to invite misrepresentation, and Dr. Behring has only himself to thank if he is made to say things which he never in- tended. ' Another painful aspect of the publicity which has been given to his statement is that it is calculated to raise hopes which, even at best, can only be realized in the distant future.' At the last session of the Dominion Parliament a resolution was moved in both hovises to the effect: That in the opinion of this House the time has arrived when parliament should take some active steps to lessen the widespread suffering and the great mortality among the people of Canada, caused by the various forms of tuber- culosis. As a result a joint committee of both houses was formed which presented the fol- lowing report : — The Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons appointed for the purpose of considering what further steps should be taken and what suggestions can 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 be made in the direction of the suppression of tuberculosis in Canada, with power to send for persons, papei-s, and records and to report, have the honour to report as fol- lows : — 1. The Canadian Association for the Prevention of Consumption and other forms of tuljerculosis, and various organizations of the same character in Canada, and prominent medical men were invited to make such suggestions as they might deem advisable on the question which was the subject of reference to this committee, and valuable suggestions and a large amount of information have been received, and have been made Tise of by your committee. 2. Until quite recently tuberculosis w^as regarded as generally hereditary and in- curable, but modern discoveries have established that it is a communicable disease, and to a large extent curable as well as preventable. 3. There is in Canada a permanent corps of consumptive invalids, numbering at least forty thousand persons, of Avhom eight thousand die annually. In the provinces of Ontario and Quebec it is an ascertained fact that the deaths from tuberculosis alone are more than twenty-five per cent greater than from diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, measles and whooping cough combined. Apart from the humani- tarian considerations involved in the question, the financial loss alone entailed upon Canada by such an annual mortality is enormous, estimated by competent authori- ties at over $8,000,000 a year, which makes it imperative for the state to adopt the best possible measures of prevention and cure. 4. The problem of tuberculosis involves a social movement which does not affect one province, but all provinces; one district, but all districts; one class, but all classes in the community, in country as well as in town. It is a movement of so wide a character that, for it to have adequate practical results, the co-operation of the central government is absolutely essential. 5. The principle involving the interference of the Dominion government for the suppression of diseases of this kind was recognized immediately after confederation, and is embodied in the statutes of 1868, 31 Victoria, chapter 63, from which the fol- lowing is extracted : (7) Whenever Canada, or any part thereof, appears to be threatened with any epidemic, endemic, contagious or infectious disease, the Governor may, by proclama- tion, make such regulations as he thinks proper and necessary to prevent the introduc- tion of such disease from beyond the limits, or to prevent its spread within the limits of Canada, and otherwise protect the public health, and he may, from time to time, revoke or amend the same, or make others in their stead in like manner, or may impose penalties, forfeitures and punishments for the breach thereof, and such regula- tions shall be published at least twice in the Canada Gazette, and the production of copies of the Gazette containing such proclamation, shall be evidence of the making, date and contents of such regulations. (9) By such regulations the Governor in Council may appoint for any specified time, one or several ' Central Boards of Health ' and may name the members thereof, and also such medical and other officers and servants as he may deem necessary to assist such boards, and the powers and duties of the said boards shall be such as are affixed to them by such regulations, and may be exercised by any number of the mem- bers thereof mentioned in the said regulations as constituting the quorum thereof; and the powers and duties of such boards shall cease on the revocation or at the time of the expiration of the regulations aforesaid. (10) When( and so long as such regulations are in force, it shall be the duty of every municipal corporation or county sessions within Canada to organize a local board of health for the limits of their respective jurisdictions, and such local boards or any three members thereof, shall have power to act under the regulations aforesaid, and the direction of any central board of health, designated in such regulations, and the duties of such local boards of health shall be to enforce generally all sanitary measures required, and to carry out the regulations of the Governor in Council, and such orders PUBLIC HEALTH 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 as may be issued by the central boards in pursuance of the provisions of such regu- lations. (11) In the case of municipal corporations or county sessions neglecting or refusing to appoint a local board of health as aforesaid, or in the absence of any such, authority in any locality, the Governor in Council may nominate persons within the limits of such municipal corporation, county or locality, to constitute such, local boards of health. 6. The problem of preventing and curing the disease is exceedingly complex and necessarily entails a very large expenditure. The work may be taken hold of by the Dominion government or by the provincial and municipal authorities with the aid of the Dominion government. 7. In the opinion of your committee the federal government should be prepared to contribute yearly to each province a considerable share of the annual cost of dis- pensaries, inspection, the erection and maintenance of sanatoria and whatever other agencies may be found necessary to secure the desired end; the province, municipali- ties, individuals and benevolent associations contributing the balance; the federal government to prescribe the condition upon which the several institutions shall be entitled to their share of the subsidy, and also to have the right of inspection of each institution and of its books at any time, and also power to withhold its contribution in respect of any institution not fulfilling its requirements. 8. Your committee further sviggest that unless the Dominion government feels prepared to take hold of the matter itself, a conference should be held at as early a date as possible between the federal and provincial authorities, for the purpose of determining the best action which should be taken in the premises. 9. Your committee suggest that the recommendations embodied in the present report be presented to the government by a joint delegation of both houses; and that their attention be again called to the resolutions passed unanimously by the Senate and by the House of Commons respectively, of which copies are hereunto annexed. All of which is respectfully submitted. Much educational work has been done throughout the year in connection with tuberculosis. Sanatoria have done their part, but many many more have been reached and benefited by dispensaries and by day-camps. The day-camp is very largely used in Germany and also in other countries. I visited one at Boston, Mass., with great interest. A small administration building, tents for dining, &c., and a number of easy deck chairs or couches on a sunny knoll with shade trees nearby, made4ip practically the whole necessary outfit. Here tuberculosis patients were brought in the morning, were kept in the open air all day, well fed at appropriate intervals, taught the use of the paper handkerchief or spit cup, and quietly instructed in rudimentary hygiene as applied to their case by the attending trained nurse and visiting physicians, so as for one thing to thus minimize the objections to their unavoidable return to their homes for the night. In this way between 30 and 40 were being daily benefited at an expense, I was told, not greater than that of the average cost of one bed in a sana- torium. Anti-typhoid inoculation. — The German commission appointed to consider the use of anti-typhoid inoculation in the army, have presented an important report. They agree with the conclusion come to by British committees of inquiry, that it is impossible to doubt that inoculation can confer a certain measure of protection, but that it is urgently desirable to seek further information based so far as possible upon absolutely trustworthy data, with regard to the degree and duration of the protection conferred. Japan s best victory. — Japan's work in war sanitation has been unprecedented. Before the Association of Military Surgeons, held at Detroit on the 28th of last month, Major Seaman delivered an address in part as follows : — 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ' The success of Japan in the recent conflict with Eussia was due preeminently to three fundamental causes: First, thorough preparation and organization for war; second, to the simple, non-irritating and easily digested ration of the Japanese troops, and third, to the brilliant part played by the members of the medical profession in the application of practical sanitation, the stamping out of preventable diseases in the army — thereby saving its units for the smashing of the enemy in the field. It must never be forgotten that in every great campaign an army faces two enemies : First, the armed forces of the opposing foe; second, the far greater silent foe, disease. Of these enemies, the history of warfare for centuries has proved that the first kills twenty per cent of the total mortality in the conflict, whilst disease kills eighty per cent.' Major Seaman cited tables of statistics of battle records for two hundred years, showing that there has rarely been a war in which at least four men have not perished of disease, for one from bullets. He continued : ' But the crowning piece of imbecility was reserved for our late war with Spain, where more than ten were needlessly sacri- ficed to ignorance and incompetence for every one who died on the firing line or from bullets. This, too, in the short campaign of six weeks.' ' All of these statistics were studied with the minutest care and detail by the Japanese. Their authorities recognized that, in order to be victorious over a foe like Eussia, this great silent enemy that slaughters 80 out of every 100 that fall, must be overcome. And the medical men of the army did it.' The speaker then showed the actual figures of the killed, wounded and sick in the Japanese army, from Febru- ary, 1904, to the end of April 1905, which averaged nearly five deaths from bullets for one of disease, or 900 per cent better than the average in history. Major Seaman said: 'This record is unparalled and unapproached, and the medical men of the army achieved it.' This marvellous result was attained. Major Seaman said by the work of ten years, beginning immediately after the war with China, when Japanese statesmen Idealized Japan would again have to go to war to preserve her independence as a nation. The great amount of illness likely to appear in the army was taken into con- sideration and the steps for elimination were taken. Every hospital throughout Japan, and every base and field hospital in Manchuria •has its bacteriological laboratory. '' Too much cannot be said in enthusiastic commendation of this side of the ser- vice. No man suffers from temperature but whose blood goes under the microscope. Malaria, is malaria, and typhoid is typhoid in the Japanese army. Diseases are but guessed at, as they were in Cuba, the Philippines and South Africa, where often for a full week the physicians attempted to diagnose cases by sleight of hand and trick of eye. The limits of this paper do not admit of more than the merest reference to the splendid system of sanitation followed in the field. SiifRce to say that during the campaign extending over a year and a half, with from 300,000 to 600,000 soldiers undergoing the severest hardships and privations of active service, there are in the Japanese army thirty-six men out of every one hundred who have never reported at sick call; thirty-six men who never saw the inside of a hospital or were sick in quarters, a record absolutely unparalleled. The war has taught many lessons and destroyed many ideals in matters military, as in matters surgical. In surgical tech- nique the Japanese have taught the foreigner comparatively little, but in the field of sanitary science and dietetics they have demonstrated, what has never been done be- fore, that " preventable " diseases are actually preventable. They have preserved their armies for the legitimate purposes for which armies are enlisted; the killing and con- quering of the enemy in the field, instead of having four-fifths of its mortality victims to the silent foe. It is against this dreadful scourge, this needless sacrifice, that the Japanese have made their hardest fight and won their most signal victories — victories that will redound more to their credit than even the expulsion of the Muscovite aggressor. PUBLIC HEALTH 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ' A despatch received in London on September 21 from the Tokio correspondent of the London Standard, giving the statistics of the war to that date, reports : "Killed, 46,180; died of wounds, 10,970; died from sickness, 15,300." This percentage of death by sickness was barely one-fourth of the total dead, which is a record not paralleled in the annals of war. Surgeon-General Suzuki, of the Japanese Xavy, on the same occasion told of two customs that were introduced into the Japanese navy during the recent war, which were of extreme interest and likely to be far-reaching in their influence, because they are simple and, as a rule, possible. It is no wonder that a distinguished medical authority in the United States navy is reported to have said in comment that the Japanese surgeon-general had made perhaps the most valuable contribution of modern times to naval surgery. The suggestions that were carried into effect under his direc- tions, however, are so obvious that it is rather difficult to understand how they did not occur to martial surgeons before this. Although the suddenness of the attack would often prevent their use in land engagements, naval combatants usually have sufficient warning of a battle to allow at least a brief preparation. Dr. Suzuki considers that much of the Japanese success in the treatment of wounds must be ascribed to the order issued before each engagement, that each member of the crew should take a bath and put on perfectly clean underclothing. His idea is that gunshot wounds are likely to be contaminated, by portions of clothing carried into the wounds. The bullet itself may be considered perfectly sterile because of the high temperature to which it has been exposed, and which has con- tinued during its course through the air, thus making it practically impossible for it to collect any virulent germs from the atmosphere. If then the clothing be reasonably sterile, the hope of a sterile wound resulting is greatly increased. As a matter of fact, very few of the sailors and marines wounded during the Japanese naval battles and sieges suffered from septic complications. Yery severe wounds, even those which penetrated joints, healed as kindly, as a rule, as those which might be made by the surgeon's knife, under careful asepsis in an operating room. This, however, is not the only improvement worthy of note in the medical care of their sailors and marines that the Japanese surgeon-general has introduced. The vision of the men who fire the guns of the warship must necessarily be of the very best if their shots are to count. Before every engagement the surgeons examined the eyes of the gunners. Any of them found with slight impairment of vision were treated, and if the impairment was too grave to yield to immediate treatment they ■wiere transferred to another station and their places filled by men whose eyes were perfect. And, too, during engagements, every battery crew was supplied with water in which a one per cent solution of boraeic acid had been mixed to wash out their eyes when they become affected by powder smoke or dust. Formaldehyde disinfection. — Dr. A. G. Young, secretary of the State Board of Health of Maine, having noticed that, by mixing potassium permanganate and forma- lin, formaldehyde gas was liberated, requested Dr. H. D. Evans, the chemist of the board to ascertain if that chemical reaction could be turned to practical account for disinfection purposes. After a long series of experiments Dr. Evans has suggested the following method, which is very simple : It consists in placing finely powdered permanganate in a large earthen jar or basin and then in pouring formalin over it, the operator escaping from the room as quickly as he can. Six and a half ounces of permanganate of potash are to be used for every pint of formalin employed. A violent reaction immediately follows tlhe poring of the formalin, and formaldehyde gas is liberated in great quantities. After five minutes, over 81 per cent of the gas is liberated and spread all over the room with great force. This first reaction having taken place, sufficient gas is liberated 'luring the following hours to comi^ensate the leakage from the rooms. After three hours, the microbicide action of thi3 disinfectant is as much done as after 16 hours. 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The advantages of this method are obvious. As the author says : ' The chemical reaction furnishes all the heat necessary to vaporize the formalin, doing away with all need of fire. The ordinary house can furnish all material necessary for a generator, while the re-agents can be cheaply purchased at any drug store. The method of opera- tion is so simple that any one can attend to it who can tell the difference between a solid and a liquid, requiring only the the pouring of the measured amount of formalin upon the corresponding quantity of permanganate. Absolutely no care is required after mixing the re-agents, the reaction starting and dying out of itself.' The bacteri- ological results of the Young and Evans method were tested on a large scale by Dr. Eussell, the bacteriologist of the board. In a number of rooms, the capacity of which varied from 525 to 1850 cubic feet, and under various climateric conditions, from January to May, 1904, 1529 cultures of microbes were exposed to disinfection, and all remained sterile but 27. Wireless telegraphy. — Owing to the very frequent interruptions of the telegraph communication with the St. Lawrence quarantine it is proposed to install the Marconi wireless system in connection with this station. An item was voted for it by parlia- ment at its last session. Almost every year the heavy running ice has crushed or broken the cable. This has meant late telegraphic communication each summer, and serious interference with the requirements of the incoming vessels in the spring, and of the service generally. The wireless system will, of course, obviate all this. Congresses and meetings. — The Canadian Medical Association held, its annual meeting at Halifax, N'.S., in August last. Amongst other important matters a reso- lution was passed again urging the creation of a Dominion Department of Public Health under one of the existing ministers. This resolution I have quoted in an earlier part of this report. The American Public Health Association has held two meetings since my last report, one in Havana, Cuba, in January last, and one in Boston, Mass., last month. Many interesting and valuable papers were presented and discussed. The next meet- ing is to be held in the city of Mexico. Inspection duty. — On May 26 I left to inspect the Grosse Isle quarantine station. There were during my visit there nearly 300 second cabin passengers of the ss. Kensington in quarantine of observation for small-pox. On July 13, I had the honour by command, of accompanying His Excellency the Governor-General in his visit to the Grosse Isle station. Leaving Ottawa on August 3, I inspected the frontier inspec- tion work at Owen Sound, Sault Ste. Marie, Bruce Mines, Thessalon and Fort Frances. On August 20 I left for Halifax, attended the meeting of the Canadian Medical Association in that city, and inspected at Halifax, Sydney, Louisbourg and Pictou, N.S., Charlottetown, P.E.I. St. John, Chatham, and the leper lazaretto at Tracadie, N.B. I attended as the representative of the Dominion the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association held in Boston, Mass, September 25-29. On the 10th of this month I left for the Pacific coast, inspected en route the frontier inspection work at North Portal, Sask., and subsequently at Vancouver, Victoria and William Head, B.C. The quarantine stations, &c., Grosse Isle, Que. — At this station and at its substa- tion of Eimouski, 380 vessels have been inspected during the quarantine year, 351 at Grosse Isle, and 29 at Eimouski ; 98,141 persons were inspected. Twenty-five vessels arrived with infectious disease. The admissions to the hospital were 351. They included cases of small-pox, scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, chicken pox and enteric fever. The deaths in hospital were 4. The much needed second steamer is now under construction. PUBLIC HEALTH 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The most pressing requirements of the station are the carrying out of the wharf into deep water, and the erection of an administration building at the western end, with in addition a few beds for non-infectious eases. The question of the replacing of the old wooden detention sheds, which date from 1832 and 1848, by modern brick buildings, is becoming more and more deserving of your consideration, as each year passes by. Halifax, N.S. — Vessels inspected, 255; persons inspected, 44,458. Nine vessels arrived with infectious disease. Four deaths occurred at the station of Lawlor's Island, two from marasmus and one from broncho-pneumonia after measles; and one from enteric fever. An amount was voted at the last session for the erection of a winter hospital at this station. A new steamer to replace the worn out Argus, and the electric lighting of the station are the two most urgent needs of this service. St. John, N.B. — Vessels inspected, 179; persons inspected, 22,024. Seven vessels arrived with infectious disease. The admissions to hospital were 13. The diseases were scarlet fever, chicken pox, diphtheria and measles. One death occurred from scarlet fever. At the request of the Board of Health of St. John, Dr. March disinfected the out- ward going schooner Winnie Lawry from St. Martins, an outport of St. John, for New York. A seamen came by rail and joined the schooner at St. Martins, and then developed small-pox after they had cleared from there. There was no spread of the disease. The two new detention buildings and the winter hospital are approaching com- pletion. The completion of the water supply is the most urgently pressing want at this station. A deep water wharf is greatly required, and larger disinfecting appliances. Sydney, C.B. — Vessels inspected, 77. No quarantinable disease presented itself. The extension to the wharf is nearing completion. Artesian boring has been suggested to augment and improve the water supply at this station. Louisbourg, C.B. — Vessels inspected, 22. No quarantinable disease occurred. The requirements are as last year approximately the provision of similar accom- modation to that at Sydney. Chatham, N.B. — Vessels inspected, 64; no cases of quarantinable disease. Charlottetown, P.E.I. — Vessels inspected, 9. No quarantinable disease occurred. The greater part of the roadway to the station has now been sufficiently widenfid. William Head, B.C. — Vessels inspected, 176. The number of Asiatic steerage passengers has fallen very much. The increased tax has checked Chinese immigra- tion, and the war has limited that from Japan. There were 2,836 Ohiaesa steerage passengers inspected and 5,378 Chinese members of crews; 2,484 Japanese steerage passengers, and in crews, 1,278. Other Asiatics, 221. Five cases of measles and one of epidemic dysentery were admitted to hospital. Various improvements and additions were made at this station this year. New bath rooms for first class passengers, houses for the electrician and for the guards^ A site for the guard house and a right of way outside the boundary fence were acquired. This allows for the guards watching and patrolling outside the quarantine boundary at the neck of the promontary on which the station is placed. 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 Hence an unsuitable guard can be at once got rid of, as could not be done hereto- fore when the guards were in contact with suspects under quarantine of observation. And with the patrol outside the fence there is not the same opportunity to elude the guards or attempt bribery. Kepairs were effected to the wharf. A new steamer is being built for this station. The present small steamer, the Eai-l, will be useful as a reserve and second steamer. By fitting her up with modern disinfecting appliances, the disinfection of vessels at the wharf could be carried ovit without the present encroaching upon the floor space of the wharf, and the Earl would moreover be avail- able for disinfecting vessels in the offing, and sailing vessels in the Royal Roads. The storage battery has been increased in its voltage; this battery is connected with the houses and with the range lights. By its use fuel is- saved, and: the running plant can be shut down earlier in the evenings, and save its starting up again in the winter mornings. A new sulphur dioxide appliance and a second new steam disinfecting cylinder are most pressing requirements at this station. Victoria, B.C. — Foreign coasting vessels touching at Victoria, 974. Required inspection, 2. No quarantinable disease occurred. Vancouver, B.C. — One vessel inspected. There were no cases of infectious disease. Temporary frontier and coa^t inspection. — In addition to these regular stations, you have this year given the country the additional protection of extra inspecting officers at the following points where, from time to time, peculiar threatenings of disease, or the reported lack of effective health organizations to the south of them, seemed to make the importation of small-pox most to be feared : in Nova Scotia, Canso ; in Ontario, Owen Sound, Sault Ste. Marie, Bruce Mines, Thessalon and Fort Frances; in Saskatchewan, North Portal; in British Columbia, Gateway. The North-west Territories. — Thirty-two cases of small-pox occurred during the year: 3 at Moosejaw, 1 east of Cardston, 1 at Medicine Hat, 24 at Didsbury, 1 at Wet- askawin and 2 at Olds. All of these were newly arrived immigrants from the United States, except one a resident of Manitoba, who had been away on a visit. Except for one case which occurred in Septeml>er, and came under the super- vision of the new province of Saskatchewan, the territories have been free from small- pox for the last five months. Yukon Territory. — There have not been any cases of the major infectious diseases during the year. Leper lazaretto, Tracadie, N.B. — There are now at this institution seventeen p^ftients on the books, ten males and seven females. Those actually in the lazaretto are fifteen, eight males and seven females. In addition to the man mentioned in my last annual report as out on leave of absence, I was enabled at my last visit of inspec- ton to authorize the release of another man for the time being, at any rate who is apparently cured of the disease. As referred to above under the heading of leprosy the use of chaulmoogra oil continues to give encouraging results. There were no deaths during the year. Two new patients, both from neighbouring districts, were admitted. Public Worhs Health Act. — Your inspector reports that at all the many camps in the various public works throughout the Dominion, he has found the medical super- vision, the hospital accommodation given, the medicines provided, and the sleeping PUBLIC HEALTH 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 quarters for the men when housed, together or in tents, to be equal to— if not indeed an improvement upon — the very good conditions reported for the last two years. I have the honour to be, sir Your obedient servant, F. MONTIZAMBERT, I.S.O., M.D.Ed., F.R.C.S.E., D.C.L., Director-General of Puhlic Health. The Honourable The Minister of Agriciilture, Ottawa. No. 2. (G. E. Martineau, M.D.) Grosse Isle, Quebec, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report of the St. Lawrence Quarantine Service to October 31, 1905. There were 359 vessels examined at this station during the year, being an increase of seven as compared with last year. The number of sailing vessels is decreasing each year. This year there were only twelve. The total number of persons inspected was 98,141, being an increase of 28,030 as compared with last year. They were divided among the different classes of passengers, as follows : — First cabin 3,708 Second cabin 16,068 Steerage 49,811 Cattlemen 1,955 Crews 26,129 Stowaways 470 The number of stowaways while not quite as large as last year, still continues very great, and this year they included a number of foreigners who, with those from Great Britain, were very degenerate specimens of manhood, and the majority would have been deported had they been compelled to pass the inspection of the Immigration Department. Infectious disease was reported or discovered on the following vessels at different times, named in the order of their first arrival at this station with sickness on board : ss. Mont ford, Manxman, Tunisian, Ionian, Dominion, Torr Head, Montreal, Victorian, LaJce Champlain, Sarmatian, Bavarian, Kensington, Lake Erie, Canada, Lake Michi- gan, Sardinian, Ottaica, Mongolian, Virginian, Buenos Ayres, Southvmrk, Lakonia, Mount Temple, Montezuma and Athenia. The diseases so reported or discovered were: smallpox, scarlet fever, measles, diph- theria, chiekenpox and typhoid fever. 30 DEPARTMENT *0F AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Small-pox. — SS. Kensington, Captain Marie, sailed from Liverpool May 4 with 294 second cabin and 806 steerage passengers, 1 cattleman, 1 stowaway and 179 screw, arrived at the station at 5 p.m.. May 15, with one case of small-pox among the second cabin passengers. That case was immediately removed to the small-pox hospital at quarantine. All the second cabin passengers and 41 members of the crew that were considered as having been exposed to the disease, were landed for quarantine and observation. Everybody on board having been vaccinated, and that part of the steamer occu- pied by the patient and the second cabin passengers having been thoroughly disin- fected, the vessel was released and proceeded with the rest of the passengers and crew on May 18. No other cases of small-pox having developed among those detained under observa- tion, they were released and left the station on June 1. The patient having fully recovered was discharged from the small-pox hospital at quarantine on June 13. On one occasion only a passenger refused to submit to vaccination, although on numerous other occasions parties, who had refused vaccination by the ship's surgeon, allowed your quarantine officer to do it. Their objection was always the same, ' The manner and methods employed on board.' The party who refused vaccination arrived here on the ss. Kensington, June 18. He was landed for the usual period of observation. This year has been a very busy one at this station, especially at the hospital where there were 351 persons admitted. There are actually 20 persons remaining at the hospital. The number of deaths were four, two from scarlet fever, and two from broncho- pneumonia complication of measles. Quarantine staff. — Dr. E. Belisle continued during the season the inspection of the weekly mail steamers at the Eimouski sub-station. Improvements and requirements. — The works for the erection of the building which is to be used as quarters by the employees will be completed very soon, and I beg to hope that it will be ready to be occupied at the reopening of the station next spring. Although certain amounts have been voted the last session for the wharfs and for the laundrying disinfecting apparatus at this station, these works have not been com- pnenced yet, but I have reason to believe that they will be carried out early next spring. I have to note with pleasure the fact that the contract to build a suitable steamer for this station has been awarded, and I beg to hope that she will be ready for the re- opening of navigation next season. The chief requirement now is a new building to be erected at the upper division, so as to have an office surgery, a place where to vaccinate passengers, and some rooms where to put passengers suffering from other diseases than contagious ones. There are still some repairs, &c., absolutely necessary and in the interest of quar- antine, the list of which is in the hands of our department. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, G. E. MARTINEAF, M.D., Medical Superintendent, St. Lawrence Quarantine Service. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. PUBLIC HEALTH 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 3. (N. E. Mackai- M.D., M.RC.S.) Halifax, X.S., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year erided October 31, 1905. The quarantine work of this station was uneventful during the year just closed, none of the graver forms of quarantinable disease entered our port and we had only a few cases of the minor diseases to deal with. Minor diseases were found or occurred on board the following ships : — SS. Canada, December 2, 1904, child convalescent from measles, March 11, 1905, 3 cases of measles, sent family of seven to Infectious Disease Hospital, city. SS. Corinthian, December 11, 1904, child sick with measles ; sent to Infectious Disease Hospital, city. SS. Vancouver, April 2, 3 cases of measles; sent to station. SS. Kensington, April 10, child convelescent from measles. SS. Virginian, April 14, 1 convalescent from measles; 1 convalescent from scarlet fever; wired Dr. March, St. John. SS. Carthaginian, April 24, 1 case of measles. This case was not reported by either the captain or surgeon of, the ship. Sent patient to the station where he died from broncho-pneumonia. SS. PaUanga, April 29, 1 case of measles; June 20, 3 cases detained and sent to quarantine, supposed to be suffering from measles. SS. Laurentian, May 6, 1 case of measles sent to the station for treatment. Brigantine Boston Marine, September 26, 1 case of typhoid fever, sent to Infec- tious Disease Hospital where he died in three days. The patient was in a moribund state when the vessel arrived in port. In every instance the hospitals and rooms occupied by the sick were disinfected with formalin. The number of vessels inspected at this station during the year was 255. 22 more than in the preceding year. The total number of persons examined was 44,458, being 2,257 less than in the past year. They were classified as follows : Cabin, 1,507 ; intermediate, 7,945 ; steerage, 25,284 ; crew, 9,348 ; cattlemen, 374. There were 4 deaths at the station, viz. : 1 from broncho-pneumonia, secondary to measles, 1 from typhoid fever and two from marasmus. The latter were two of the three cases detained, supposed to be suffering from measles. Masters of vessels reported six deaths on the voyages, form diseases other than quarantinable as follows : ss. Tunisian, 1 from apoplexy; ss. Ionian: 1 from cerebral hemorrhage; ss. Sarmation, 2 washed overboard; ss. Pallanga, 1 from fractured skull; ss. TJlunda, 1 washed overboard. Twenty-six stowaways were reported by masters of incoming vessels, and three births. Inspections are made as promptly as possible, but if we were provided with an in- specting station ashore, having telephonic comunication with Camperdown the service could be much better attended to and it would be more satisfactory to all concerned. The citadel signalling station cannot always be depended upon to report incoming ves- sels promptly. 32 - DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 We are trying- to get rid of night work as much as possible, and with the aid of shipowners and agents we have been fairly successful. This is the only port, I understand, on the Atlantic coast, at which night inspec- tions are made to any extent in mid- winter. Night work in mid-winter — and we have to do the most of it in mid-winter 'because of the mail boats — is not by any means a pleasant job. "We have sometimes to board ships in the stream at night when the vapour on the water is so dense from frost, that we cannot see fifty feet ahead of us. With such conditions existing we find it difficult to locate ships and dangerous to ap- proach them and board them. In our sister city, St. John, I believe night work is not done. However, notwithstanding all this there would not be so much cause for com- plaint if our officers were given decent salaries for their services. We need an inspecting station ashore badly and there is no better place for it in the city than the hmiber yard, and now that the government is about taking over this garrison the department could do no better than to secure this place for an inspecting station. This place commands a good view of the entrance of the harbour east and west, and with a small outlay it could be made an ideal dock for our boat in all sorts of weather. As it is now we are tossed about from wharf to wharf with no place wherein to rest. Our boat is not fit for the work of this station. She is old and out of date. Her boiler is always leaking and needing repairs or her engines are needing fixing. Those entrusted with her repairs either do not know how to do good work or do not want to make a good job for us. She is a bill of expense to us. We need a new and up-to-date boat provided wdth disinfecting apparatus^ and for winter night-work she should have decent sleeping quarters for our men, and the crew should live and feed on board. As it is they have no fit place in our ship whei'ein to lay their heads at night. For three months of the year we could not send patients to the station because of ice in the eastern passage. This fact alone proves that Lawlor's island is not a suit- able place for a quarantine station, and that it should never have been chosen for such a purpose. The very time we need it most it is inaccessable. For the same reason it is not fit to be used for an inspecting station, and even although we were sure that the channel would always be clear of ioe, there are other drawbacks to it being used in this connection. Distance and location are against it. Fog and thick weiather, and a narrow channel in dark nights are barriers which cannot easily be overcome. The im- perfect signalling of incoming veseLs is another, though minor factor to be considered in this matter. Indeed no one familiar with the whole situation would for an instant entertain the idea of making Lawlor's island an inspecting station. With an eye into the future the question that should receive earnest attention is whether to continue it, even as a quarantine station. The concrete tank is leaking through cracks in its walls. The leakage should be stopped. The water system, other than the tank, is in good working order. The build- ings are in fairly good condition and well suited for summer work, but they are not well adapted for our severe winter weather. The bulk of our work is in winter. We appreciate the action of parliament in voting money for an up-to-date hospital and for ap electric lighting plant. We need both badly. The want of a good hospital and matron and keeper is a great drawback to the efficient care of the sick. Custom house officers should not be allowed to leave vessels subject to quarantine inspection till they are granted free pratique. If this privilege is to be given to them I see no reason why it should not be extended to every citizen of Halifax. These officers can bring disease ashore as well as any other persons. Citizens often wonder why these men should be permitted to treat quarantine regulations with indifference. Sucli actions on the part of government officials, not having anything to do with quai-antine, can only tend to bring the service into discredit. As might be expected these officers not content with going on board themselves often bring their friends PUBLIC HEALTH 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 with them. The customs service will not suffer anything, if the quarantine law is enforced as it should be, against its officers. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, X. E. MACKAY, M.D., M.RC.S., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable, The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 4. (J. F. March, M.D.) St. John, N.B., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended October 31, 1905. During this period one hundred and seventy-nine vessels and twenty-two thousand and twenty-four persons were inspected at this station. The latter are classified as follows : — Cabin passengers 2,282 Steerage passengers 11,694 Cattlemen 659 Crew 7,247 Stowaways 142 22,024 Of these I vaccinated two hundred and three on arrival. Twelve deaths occurred en route on vessels inspected by me. The causes of death were in 4 cases pneumonia; in 2 cases marasmus; and in 6 cases diphtheria, septi- caemia, acute meningitis, convulsions, inflammation of brain and nephritis one each. Quarantinable diseases were found upon or reported by the steamships LaJce Michi- gan (twice), Lahe Manitoha (twice), LaJce Erie, Mount Temple and Montrose. Nine cases were removed to the quarantine hospital, and seventeen to quarantine of observation. Four cases were transferred from quarantine of observation to the hospital, bring- ing the total admission to hospital up to thirteen. The causes of admission to hospital were in one case scarlatina, in two cases chicken-pox, in two cases pneumonia, in two cases diphtheria, and in six cases measles. Twelve of the thirteen cases recovered .and were discharged. The case of scar- latina developed septic meningitis and died. The body was buried at the station. None of the graver quarantinable diseases came under my observation during the year. 1.5—3 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 At the request of the Board of Health of St. John and with your permission, I dis- infected the schooner Winnie Lawry, on which a case of small-pox had been discov- ered while this vessel was in Saint Martins, an outport of St. John. The patient, who was removed to the St. John epidemic hospital, had come by rail from one of the northern counties of this province, and had developed small-pox soon after joining his vessel. The vessel having cleared before the character of the disease was known, sailed for New York without having been disinfected, and came into this port, without report- ing, for the purpose of securing a cook. Having no authority over her, I immediately reported her presence to the St. John Board of Health. This body promptly quaran- tined her and while in their custody I disinfected her. There was no spread of the dis- ease. While on the subject of small-pox, I desire to direct your attention to the unsatis- factory method employed in regard to vaccination by transatlantic steamship com- panies carrying steerage passengers. Our regulations practically require that all steerage passengers shall be immune to small-pox. A successful vaccination means immunity. In spite of this it is the custom of the steamship companies and their re- sponsible officers to put off the necessary vaccination of their steerage passengers until within one or two days of their arrival here. Then it is rushed through and cards are given to all showing that they are " vaccinated ' or ' protected.' It is impossible for a quarantine officer to determine whether a one or two days' old vaccination is, or may become, a sufficient protection against small-pox, and hence this practice of postponing the vaccination of steerage passengers until the last moment before arrival, is repre- hensible and moreover is in effect a flagrant violation of the purpose and intention of our Canadian quarantine regulations. I am assured that you will support your officer in a refusal to accept certificates so improperly issued. On November 14 last the new hospital building then in course of erection was blown from its foundations and completely wrecked. Rebuilding was begun in March, and is now complete with the exception of the installation of the heating apparatus. The boilers are here, but tenders have not yet been called for for their erection. The two new detention buildings are practically finished and can be used during the coming winter if it becomes necessary. The outlook is that we shall have the busiest winter season in the history of the port, and I much regret that the work of connecting the station with the city water service has not been pushed on to completion. There is now no prospect that the water can be turned on at the station this year. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. E. MARCH, M.D., Quarantine Oificer, The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. PUBLIC HEALTH 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 5. (Horace Rindress, M.D.) North Sydney, October 31, 1905, Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended October 31, 1905. The total number of vessels inspected for the year just ended is 77. I am pleased to say that no quarantinable disease was brought to this port during the year. The caretaker's residence and the hospital buildings have been repaired and painted, and are now in very good condition. The hospital grounds have been surrounded by a wire fence. The new wharf, which is nearing completion, will afford very satisfactory accommodation. The water is not good, nor is the supply sufficient for all purposes. I would respectfully suggest the sinking of an artesian well. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, HORACE RINDRESS, KD., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, No. 6. (F, O'Neill, M,D.) LouiSBURG, C.B., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for this quarantine station for the year ended October 31, 1905. The total number of vessels examined for the year, 22, with 539 men; this is an increase of 5 over last year. I am pleased to report that no quarantinable disease was brought to this port for the past year. I would beg to leave to suggest that some provision be made for the purchase of suitable grounds for a station and the erection of a hospital thereon in the near future. Lack of accommodation would greatly handicap work at this station should any con- tagious or infectious disease arrive here, especially during the winter. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, FREEMAN O'NEHL, M.D., Quarantine Officer. To the Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 15— 3J 36 DEPARTME^'T OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 No. 7. (Peter Conroy, M.D.) Charlottetown^ P.E.I., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended October 31, 1905. There was no qnarantinable disease found on board any vessel arriving at this station during the past year. The total number of vessels liable to inspection under existing regulations was nine. The increased accommodation for storing, Avashing and disinfecting recommended in my last report is now about being provided. The roadway along the shore has also been widened to a sufficient extent over the greater part of its course, but for a dis- tance of about one hundred yards the road, as at present sui*veyed, runs down on the tide-washed shore, so that passage over it is almost imposssible in stormy weather. I would therefore recommend that the road at this point be also moved up on to the dry bank. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. PETEE CONROY, M.D., Quarantine Officer, No. 8. (J. Macdoxald, M.D.) Chatham, N.B., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended Octo- ber 31. Sixty-four vessels were inspected at this station during the quarantine year. No disease of an infectious nature was found and all were admitted to pratique after care- ful inspection. A small but badly needed wharf or landing was constructed on Middle island dur- ing the past summer. The hospital buildings are in fair condition, but might be improved by the addi- tion of a little paint. I have the honour to be, sir. Your most obedient servant, J. MACDONALD, M.D., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. Ottawa, Ont. PUBLIC HEALTH 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 9. (A. T. Watt, M.D,) Victoria, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report on the William Head quarantine station for the year ended October 31, 1905. The twelve months just ended have been without particular incident. No vessel had to be detained in quarantine owing to the presence of small-pox or other of the graver quarantinable diseases. Five cases of measles and one of dysentery were re- moved from vessels and treated in hospital here until recovery. The number of vessels passed was 176. There is a decrease shown as compared to past few years. It is owing in large part to the exemption from inspection made of vessels in coasting trade from San Francisco and ports north thereof. This exemption was made effective on January 1, 1905, and was conceded on account of the improved health conditions in San Francisco and the other ports, no case of plague having been discovered in San Francisco since March 1, 1904, and the outbreaks of small-pox hav- ing everywhere subsided. Other factors accounting for the decrease in the arrival of vessels were the continuance of the war between Japan and Russia, causing the reten- tion of the steamers of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha in the transport service, and the fact that the Northern Pacific Steamship Company has not as yet made Victoria a regular port of call with the new steamers which replaced the old fleet formerly coming regu- larly. The number of Asiatic steerage passengers has fallen very considerably. The per capita tax of $500 on Chinese has prevented new arrivals entirely, while the war has had the effect of keeping the Japanese from emigrating to any extent. The Chinese now coming are those who have been home on a visit or those destined for other coun- tries, and the same may be said of the Japanese. There were 2,836 Chinese steerage passengers inspected and 5,378 Chinese members of crew. Japanese in steerage were 2,484, and in crew 1,278. Other Asiatics numbered 221. These were subjected to rou- tine disinfection of person and effects at ports of departure and given special ex- amination on arrival here. There weo-e 51 stowaways found and disinfected on board ship. The conditions in ports with which we are in most constant communication have been much improved so far as the prevalence of epidemic disease is concerned, and to that fact together with lessened chances, with fewer arrivals, of importing disease, must be attributed the immunity from occurrence of disease enjoyed by steamers com- ing here. Of coures, too, the precautions now taken in the way of examination, vaccina- tion and disinfection of passengers before embarkation must be credited with a share in bringing about this freedom from disease on board ship. During the past year many improvements were made at the station. New bath rooms for first-class passengers were completed. These are in a brick building finished with hard plaster, impervious and thoroughly sanitary. A house for the electrician and a house for the guards were also built. A site for the guard house as well as a right of way outside of the boundary fence was acquired. This allows of the keeping of the guards outside of quarantine, a matter of importance, as if a man be found unsuitable or unreliable he can be at once discharged. This could not be done when the guards had come in contact with people detained in quarantine. Then with the patrol being outside the fence, there is not the same opportunity for anyone to elude the guard or to attempt bribery. 38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Extensive repairs were effected to outer end of deep water wharf. The brace piles in fifteen of the bents were renewed and new stringers and planking laid on that por- tion of the wharf, that is, for about 150 feet. When new stringers and planking are laid on the rest of the wharf and the copper sheathing patched and reinforced where necessary, the wharf will be in thorough repair. All the piling is now good. A shed to put baggage cars under over and a waiting room were erected near the wharf. A cov- ered wagon for conveyance of passengers and their effects from disinfecting buildings to detention (Quarters was purchased. This is particularly required during rainy wea- ther. New ' two decker ' iron spring beds were put in saloon passenger building and the steerage buildings were fitted with galvanized iron steamer berths. A number of substantial spring cots were also procured. The sleeping accommodation for all classes of passengers is now of the best. A further number of cells was added to the storage battery, bringing the voltage up to 110, so that it has been possible to have light in the houses after plant has shut down. This has heretofore been at 11 p.m., but since storage battery has been con- nected with houses, and the range lights as well ,it has been possible to shut down an hour earlier. By running plant to usual time in winter, the storage battery can un- doubtedly be relied upon to furnish what lights will be required for the mornings, and thus save starting up the plant again at 6 a.m., as has been the practice. A consider- able saving in fuel is thus effected and fully demonstrates the utility of the storage battery under conditions here. The contract has been let for a new boarding steamer for the station The new vessel is to be of steel, 100 ft. in length, 20 ft. beam, and 12 ft. depth, moulded, and of 300 indicated horse-power. She will be built to Lloyd's rules for 100 A class, so that she will be thoroughly seaworthy and capable of going out in any weather experienced here. The present quarantine steamer Earl was the means recently of saving the govern- ment a large amount of money. The C.G.S. Quadra, of the lighthouse service, went on the rocks about three miles from the station, and the Earl having steam up as she has always in order to be ready for boarding, went at once to render assistance, and was able to get the Quadra afloat. This was just before a heavy gale sprang up which would" undoubtedly have caused the Quadra to break up had she remained in the posi- tion she was in a couple of hours longer. It would probably have cost from $80,000 to $100,000 to have replaced the Quadra had she been lost, so that there is something which can be set to the credit side when the expenses of maintainins a quarantine steamer here are considered. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient -ervant. A. T. WATT, M.D., Supt. B. C. Quarantines. The Honourable The Minister of Agrculture, Ottawa. PUBLIC HEALTH 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 10. (W. H. K. Anderson, B.A., M.B.) ViCTORU, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — ^I have the honour to submit the following report of the laboratory work at William Head station during the quarantine year 1904-05. The efficacy of several disinfectants submitted by the department has been tested. One case (a Japanese steerage passenger) was proved by bacteriological examination to be non-quarantinable. Various pathogenic cultures have been kept on hand and studied as a routine practice. There has been some addition to the laboratory equip- ment. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, HAEOLD ANDERSON, Medical Assistant. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 11. (R. L. Eraser, M.D.) ViCTORU, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I beg to submit my report for the year just ended. Number of foreign coasting vessels touching Victoria, 974; number inspected, 2. No contagious or quarantinable disease was found on any vessel inspected. All coasting vessels touching here were exempt from inspection during the entire year. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. E. L. FEASEE, M.D., Quarantine Officer. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture. Ottawa. 40 DEPARTMENT OF AOBICULTVRE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 No. 12. (L. N. MacKechnie, M.D.) Vaxcouver, B.C., OctobeT 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report for the year just ended. One vessel has been inspected. No case of infectious or quarantinable disease came under my inspection dur- ing the year. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottav^a. L. N. MACKECHNIE, M.D.. Quarantine Officer. No. 13. (J. Patterson, M.D.) Winnipeg, November 1, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to report that during the past year 3 cases of small-pox were detected at Moosejaw; 1 case east of Cardston; 1 case at Medicine Hat; 24 cases at Didsbury; 1 case at Wetaskiwin, and 2 cases at Olds. In all 32 cases. All of these were newly arrived immigrants from the United States, chiefly 'from Nebraska, except one, a resident of Manitoba returning from a visit to Vancouver. Seven of the cases were severe, the others moderate. All were strictly quarantined, and the infection did not spread to any of the older residents of the Territories. All recovered. The last case occurred in May. In September one case was reported to me from Dear Moosejaw. I referred the supervision of it to the government of the new province of Saskatchewan. With this last exception the Territories have been absolutely free from the disease during the last five months. I am, sir. Your obedient servant. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, JAMES PATTERSON, M.D. PUBLIC HEALTH 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 No. 14. (A. C. Smith, M.A., M.D., CM.) Tracadie, N.B., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for the information, of the department my annual report on the leper hospital at Tracadie, N.B., for the twelve months ending to-day. Omitting the name of the patient referred to in my last report as being out on leave-of -absence, who remains free from any external symptoms of leprosy, and who is about to be married, there remain to-day on the register of the institution the names of sixteen inmates — nine males and seven females. The ages of these inmates are respectively as follows: — Eleven, sixteen, eighteen, twenty- five (2), twenty-six, thirty, thirty-five, thirty-seven, forty, forty-one, forty-seven, sixty-one (3), sixty- three. One. a man aged forty, and reported last year as being in the first stage of the disease, has recently been cured. Of those remaining, six may be classified as being in the first, seven in the second, and two in the third, the final stage of the malady. There were no deaths during the year. Two new cases were admitted, one from this parish, the other from one of the surrounding districts. To one of these a child was born in the lazaretto, and a good home immediately found for it. In my experience with lepers, now extending oyer many years, I find that their physical condition is good just in proportion to the amount of nourishing diet and medical care bestowed on them. Besides suitable food lepers require warm clothing and plenty of out-door air. During the summer months our patients live much out doors, and, with the exception of the advanced cases, are comparatively free from sickness and suffering. But during the winter, while much confined to the house, they are always sick, always ailing in some way or other. At that time of year they are very liable to enteric and pulmonary affections in addition to the intercurrent ' ail- ments, .and aU by the complication made difficult to treat, and in need of the special skill engendered by special experience. The inmates of the lazaretto, although isolated from the world, enjoy all the comforts obtainable, including the unremitting kind- ness and attention given them by the religious ladies in charge. Since the introduction of special treatment by chaulmoogra oil, strychnia, &c. our lepers are much encouraged by the very apparent benefits, even in the cases of those who began the remedies late in the disease. With us marked amelioration ha'^ been obtained in every case, and in several cases a cure is, I believe, being effected. On the 28th of last month, the patient referred to above, aged 40 years, and who was admitted in 1900, has been permitted to return to his family on leave of absence. The macular patches on his face and body, ulcerations, and all other symptoms have entirely disappeared. Even when all evidences of the disease have gone it is better to continue the treatment for some time. This man will be an out patent and will continue the use of the remedies. The treatment of leprosy, the world over, has at last been raised into scientific practice. Dr. Dyer, of aSTew. Orleans, states that : ' Leprosy begins with the accept- ance in the economy of the bacillus, and if it finds a fit soil in which resistance is below the normal, it spreads, in degree, to one or to every organ in the body. Its colonists are like the people of a sturdy race, finding new fields of entry, and wherever a good location is determined, there they settle, and then next consume in their development the tis.sues in their vicinity until the germ sui-vives and the ti.^sue 42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 dies. Remedial measures are directed at flooding the field of infection, massing an amount of tissue on which the bacillus cannot feed, but which acts as fuel for th3 development of normal tissue; this, aided by the natural process of nature, gradually lays siege to the undeveloped foreign tisue until this is carried off or disseminated through the organs of elimination of the human body. ' With added care and treat- ment, with measures directed at increasing the resistance, this may be raised to a point where the disease can no longer hold its place in the economy and the patient recovers from the disease sufficiently to be free of all evidence during the rest of his life.' These are highly important words. In view of the fact that in the early history of leprosy in these districts there were four times as many cases as at present, it will be seen that the lazeretto is fulfilling the object for which it was established. "While many precautions are now being taken to stamp out tuberculosis, I fear that not sufficient warning is given to the public against the contagion of leprosy, especially as there are now so very many cases of this disease in the territories belong- ing to the neighbouring republic. From all quarters of the globe we are constantly hearing of just such cases of contagion as the following : — In 1850, a French Canadian left his home in the Three Rivers District,, Province of Quebec, where he could by no possibility have acquired the disease, and removed to the United States. In 1860 he went to the Hawaiian Islands. Since 1887 his name has been on the list of in- mates in the leper hospital on Molokai. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient serv'ant, A. C. SMITH. To the Honourable The ^linister of Agriculture, Ottawa. No. 15 . (Chas a. L. Fisher, J.P.) October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report as Public Works (Health) Inspector, for the twelve months ended October 31, 1905. During that period I have traversed the territory in the Dominion from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts, having personally visited and inspected all such works covered by the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, as have in any way been brought to my notice, some of them having been inspected by me as often as two and three times during the said term. The year has again been an exceptional one, in the almost general non-appearance of contagious and infectious diseases among the men employed on the various public works of the Dominion coming under my inspection, there being only two outbreaks of small-pox, in two of the railway camps, one patient in each outbreak, and on the prairie, in the far north-west, some cases of typhoid fevor and diarrhoea, , owing to impure water being used by some of the men contrary to the instructions of medical officers in charge of camps. PUBLIC HEALTH 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Early last February, there was reported to be a serious outbreak of small-pox at James McDonald's camp, near Hamlet, Ont., on the line of construction of the James Bay Eailway, which having come to the knowledge of some reporter, had evidently been enlarged upon, published in the newspapers, and thereby, quite a fright was created in the surrounding villages, but on my going to the camp to investigate, I foiind two men quarantined (because they had been sleeping together) one of whom had been on a prolonged spree, had not partaken of a square meal for about a month, and in addition had venereal dise;ase. This man came to the camp, stopped using intoxicants, and gorged himself with strong victuals, three times a day, thereby causing an outbreak or eruption on his body, and Wm. A. McLeod, M.D., the resident medical officer at the camp (though satisfied that the eruption was not small-pox)^ as a precautionary measure, quarantined both men, and they were all right and at work again in about a couple of weeks. In the beginning of March last, I received from F. Montizambert, I.&.O., M.D., Director General of Public Health, a copy of a very serious complaint, emanating from the far north-west, to the effect that ' at tie and log camps in the neighbour- hood of Erwood, Sask., N.W.T., the men employed thereon, were taxed $1 monthly per man, for medical attendance, that such atendance was not being properly given, that sufficient medicine and medical supplies, were not provided, that patients had to be driven over unrepaired roads to hospital, and that such conditions and treat- ment existed in most railway camps in the west.' At the same time the Director General informed me, ' that you desired me to proceed there at once, and make a most careful inquiry into the facts and conditions as narrated above, to particularly go up and down among the men whose interest is that we are specially desirous of protecting, find out from them what their grievan- ces and feelings are, and make the fullest possible inquiry in the matter.' In compliance with your wishes, I proceeded to Erwood, Sask., and the various camps in that neighbourhood, and on my return, reported to the following effect: — That instead of buying ties and logs from private individuals, as formerly done, the railway construction work in the neighbourhood of, and north-west of Erwood, had been discontinued, and that the construction camps had been turned into tie and log camps by the contractors, but with the same medical supervision as pre- viously set forth in my annual report of October 31, last. I found these camps to be situated in the Northwest Territories, about sixty miles north-west of Erwood, to be three in number, known as Keith's, MacMillaD'?= and Dunn's, and they are looked after by Dr. Oatway, as medical supervisor, who is well provided with medicines, has temporary hospital acommodation, makes his head- quarters and residence at Keith's camp, and visits the other two camps several times weekly. In cases of serious accidents or disease, requiring long and careful attention to make recovery, patients, after being attended to by the resident medical officer, are sent by a construction engine and caboose, comfortably housed in the latter, to the Swan Eiver Hospital, and the charges for their keep and attendance there, are paid by the contractors. In conversation with various employees of these camps, I found no complaints about the medical fee charged, the medical supervision, or the hospital accommoda- tion provided. There are in the same neig"hboui-hood. other large camps known as Moore's, btit they are private concerns, do not get out ties or logs for railway construction or con- tractors, have a large mill, and cut lumber for buildinig purposes. They do not come under the application of the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, but if they did, from conversation I had with several of their employees I met at Keith's camp, there seems to be no complaiu^t against them. In another direction of the Xorthwest Territories, and about fifty miles from Erwood, there are two other contractors' camps getting out ties and logs for rail- 44 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 -\v.ay construction, which ai-e known as !MacKenzie's, and Red Deer lumber com- pany's. Both these camps are covered by Dr. Bottomly as medical supervisor, who makes his headquarters and residence at MacKenzie's camp, and visits the other camp 'about daily, they being- only five miles apart. The doctor is vs^ll supplied with medicines, and has temporary hospital accom- modation, but patients requiring long and careful attention, are transported to Erwood in comfortable sleighs, and from there by rail to Swan River Hospital, at the ex- pense of the contractor.^. In conversation with the men of these camps, I heard no complaints with regard to the charge for medical fees or supervision. There was, however, about five miles apart from either of the last two mentioned camps, a large lumber camp, which had, I understand, been making a charge on the men for medical services, without having any resident ofiicer, patients (when neces- sary) being sent to the Swan River Hospital, at the expense of the proprietor of the camp, which was a private concern, did not get out ties or logs for railway contrac- tors or construction, and did not come under tlie application of tlie Public Works (Health) Act. This camp was broken up a couple of days previous to my arrival in the neighbourhood, the lumber limits having been sold to the Red Deer lumber com- pany. This was probably the camp about which the complaint in question was made, but, as it did not come under the application of the above named Act, I would sug- gest that any complainant in future, be asked to give the exact location of the camp or work, the name of the contractor or company, and such infoiTnation as would leave no doubt as to what camp or work the complaint covered, then a satisfactory investi- gation could be made at said camp, without leaving eing carried on by the Dominion goveninient, and is under contract to Mr. Eandolph Macdonald. A comparatively small body of men was employed, most of whom lived in their own houses and the others were well cared for by the contractors. I MISCELLANEOUS 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 There is no regular medical supervisor, such not being- necessary. The health of the men was good. Breakwater, Depot Harbour, Ont. (rip-rap foundations and addition to wharf). This work has been carried on by the Dominion government, and is under contract to !Messrs. Davis, Haney & Miller. Few men were employed thereon at the time of my inspection, the present con- tract neari ng completion. There had been no contagious or infectious disease, and the health of the men kept excellent. The camps were well located, the sleeping quarters comfortable, and the food of the best. C. Davis, M.D.. of Depot Harbour, Ont., was the medical officer in charge of the men and camps. In closing this my annual report for the year ended October 31, 1905, I deem it a pleasure to be again able to draw your attention to the very apparent abatement of contagious and infectious diseases, the excellent condition and general healthful- ness of the men, the sanitary state of the camps on said works, and the careful atten- tion given by the contractors and companies in trying to fulfil the requirements of thy Public Works (Health) Act regulations. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHAS. A. L. FISHEE, Public Works (Health) Inspector. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 5J . DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 KEPOET OF THE CANADIAN COMMISSION TO THE LOUISIANA PUECHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, U.S.A., 1904. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, held in the city of St. Louis, in the state of Missouri, U.S.A., during the year 1904, was instituted to commemorate the purchase by the United States government of the territory then known as Louisiana from Napo- leon I, of Prance. The purchase was effected in the year 1803, and embraced all the territory lying to the southward and west of the Mississippi river at that time under the jurisdiction of France. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition was conceived on a scale of such magnitude that it was found impossible to carry the proposed scheme into effect in time to cele- brate the centennial year of the purchase, 1903, so the time was extended to the year following, 1904. The exposition being of a universal character held under the auspices of the United States government, all foreign countries were invited to participate, and the time for holding the exposition was fixed for the period between April 30 to December 1, inclusive. Canada being at a very important stage of her national development, and having entered upon the highway of an unprecedented prosperity, the opportunity of bringing her natural resources and her broad areas of fertile lands awaiting settlement more conspicuously before the eyes of the world, was not to be lost, and the government of the Dominion among other foreign countries, decided to participate. The decision having been made, it wa.s determined to make the participation com- mensurate with the magnitude of the exposition and the excellence of the opportunity. To that end the exhibition branch was instructed to undertake the gathering of suit- able exhibits, the selection of desirable sites in the different exhibit palaces, and a location for the Canadian National pavilion. Having made early application for exhibit spaces, we were able to secure choice locations in each of the exhibit palaces where Canada was to be represented, and also a suitable site for the Canadian pavilion. A description of the different exhibits is given in another part of this report. In the general plan of the exposition site, a section was set apart for the location of foreign government buildings. This location was, in our opinion, rather remote from the general activity of the exposition, and our object being to attract the largest number of people possible to our building, we prevailed upon the exposition authori- ties to allow us to occupy a piece of land in that part of the grounds known as the agricultural section. The location secured was a part of the immense flower garden immediately surrounding the agricultural building, and in close proximity to the great floral clock which was one of the great features of the exposition. The conditions imposed upon us were that we should undertake the full cost of terracing, sodding and maintaining the landscape during the period of the exposition on a scale equal to that carried out by the exposition authorities in the maintenance of the flower garden above mentioned. That the extra expenditure in thus preparing, beautifying and maintaining the grounds comprising the plot was justified, was amply demonstrated in the crowds of visitors that the situation naturally threw in our way. Immediately to the east of the site was the United States Life Saving exhibit, which attracted great crowds daily. On the west was the Philippine reservation, with the main thoroughfares lead- ing to and from it passing on either side of our plot. Added to this, the fact that MISCELLANEOUS 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 the group of foreign buildings and the forestry, fish and game building were on a straight line to the north, and that all the traffic from these buildings to the Palace of Agriculture had to pass by our door, a pretty clear idea may be formed of the advan- tages of our situation. It might still further be urged in defence of the expendi- ture in connection with our pavilion, and the plot of ground occupied, that we had a daily average of visitors much larger than that of any of the state or foreign build- ings which cost twice and three times as much as ours in their erection. The pavilion itself, constructed somewhat after the fashion of a club house, had a frontage of 100 feet x 100 in depth with broad verandahs on front and s-ides for the accommodation of visitors to eat their luncheon or rest at their pleasure. These verandahs and the freedom given to the visitors upon them, proved a strong factor in gaining for the building the popularity that it enjoyed. The public conveniences, free ice water, easy restful furniture ,and the homelike air about all the parlors, corri- dors and reception rooms, gained for the Canada pavilion a reputation for hospitality that was not enjoyed to the same degree, by any other official building on the fair grounds. The furnishings of the pavilion and the worlis of art with which it was decorated, were all Canadian, and all suggestive of Canada's natural Avealth, social, educational and commercial progress. If proof were wanting of the popularity of the Canadian pavilion, it was amply furnished throughout the season by the crowds of people who daily thronged its parlors, corridors and reception rooms or crowded upon its verandahs. Further proof was abundant in the voluntary testimony of hundreds upon hundreds of visitors from the city and elsewhere, who said it was talked about as the only absolutely free building on the grounds, where there was no charge for toilet accommodations or ice water, and where visitors were not only allowed to eat their lunches on the verandahs, but were provided with tables to add to their comfort m doing so. Besides offices for the use of the commission, the Canadian pavilion included a large room in which were hung large maps showing the character of the country, its railways systems, public lands. Immigration officers furnished by the Department of the Interior, were in daily attendance giving information in regard to the free land offered to settlers in the Canadian [Northwest, and distributing literature explaining the conditions upon which it might be obtained. Other literature was distributed from the different exhibit spaces, on all of which was printed a notice inviting visitors to call at the Canadian pavilion for information in regard to the 160 acres of free land offered by the Canadian government. Adjoining the immigration room, in the rear, was an alcove furnished with a series of illuminated paintings showing the progress of the Northwest settler from his en- trance upon the unbroken prairies, to his tenth year, as he appeared on his well culti- vated farm and surrounded in his home with a handsome growth of trees. This exhibit proved very valuable, not only in showing the yearly progress of the settler in his general improvement, but in showing the growth of trees, a feature which attracted a great deal of attention and provoked considerable inquiry, more especially from those who had experienced the difficulty in growing trees in some sections of the Da- kotas and other parts of the west, south of the Canadian line. The cost of these pnint- ings and mounting them in so conspicuous a way in connection with our immigration work, was in my opinion, more than justified in the great attention they received and in the thousands of questions we were called upon to answer concerning the conditions they so strikingly presented in the life and progress of a Canadian Northwest settler. AGRICULTURE EXHIBIT. For the agricultural exhibit in the palace of Agriculture, a space of 12.000 square feet was secured. This was fully occupied with a varied exhibit of grains, grasses, tobacco, roots and other natural products, together with a great variety of food products. 56 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 natural and manufactured. The central figure was a trophy of attractive design, standing over 60 feet high, in vphich was artistically worked over three hundred varie- ties of grain, grasses, fodder, plants, &c., and ornamented on the outer octagonal sides with landscajje paintings showing herds of the leading breeds of cattle raised in the Dominion, and decorated inside with paintings of every variety of native and domestic plants known to the Northwest. The paintings showing the cattle herds were a conspicuous advantage to the ex- hibit, as they proved a great attraction and were very freel,y and favourably com- mented upon by the American press and public. They not only added beauty, said a prominent American, but they gave in a striking way an increased commercial value to the exhibit. On either side of this central trophy, is a pedestal of honey and maple sugar respectively, and farther to the rear of the space attractive pyramids of grain in glass jars, tobacco and a great variety of food products displayed in various ways. This exhibit for its installation and comprehensive collection was awarded the grand prize, three special prizes, thirteen gold medals, five silver medals and three bronze medals. And for its general character and interpretation, it received many high enconiums from the public. Col. R. jVT. Gi*een, of California, commissioner in charge of the Saere- mento Valley exhibit, said of it : ' It embraces so much, and shows what the country can do in a businesslike way ; it is the most sensible 'exhibit in the building, and can teach our people some methods of doing business in that line.' Something to this effect has been said by several state commissioners and superintendents of exhibits in the same building. HORTICULTURE EXHIBIT. In the Palace of Horticulture, 8,000 square feet was secured and an exhibit de- signed and installed that has attracted very general attention, and especially of people from thie south and western states. This exhibit was opend for inspection by the public on April 30, with 94 varieties of apples in their natural state taken from cold storage, many other varieties preserved in glass jars with antiseptic fluids, also over 30 varieties of pears, 70 varieties of grapes, many varieties each of plums and peaches, and an almost endless collection of small fruits, comprising strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, currants, cran- berries, and many varieties of vegetables preserved and exhibited in the same way. At the back of this exhibit was conspicuously displayed a large painting showing an apple inspection scene on the docks at Montreal, which attracted much attention, and provoked many inquiries regarding the Canadian Inspection Act. The arrangement and installation of this exhibit attracted much attention and favourable comment throughout the season, and the varied collection of fruits shown, proved a great sur- prise to many visitors who had not supposed that Canada was capable of producing such fruits. The exhibit has accomplished much by way of dissipating an impression too commonly held throughout the south and west of the United States, that Canada was a cold country, and laid quite beyond the peach belt. For its quality and number of apples, the Canadian exliibit was not surpassed by any other display in the horticul- tural building. Fresh fruits, as their season came in, were sent down from widely separated dis- tricts of the Dominion, and their quality and appearance compared favourably with similar varieties produced in other portions of America. This may be said especially of the smaller fruits, grapes and peaches. When the awards were made, the Canadian exhibit came in for a full share of the prizes, taking one grand prize for the large and comprehensive collection of fruits shown, and another grand prize for the in- stallation and artistic make-up of the exhibit. MISCELLAXEOUt^ 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 MINES AND METALLURGY. In the palace of Mines and Metallurgy 10,000 feet of space was occupied, and the exliibit installed there has on the whole been more suriirising to the public than any other display that Canada made at the fair. In arranging the exhibit great care was taken to have everything easily accessible, the table cases being arranged so that the contents could be seen from all sides. The collection represented seven carloads of specimens, weighing in the aggre- gate 150 tons. Large pyramids of nickel, cobalt-nickel-silver and arsenic, asbestos, corundum, mica, iron, graphite and coal were shown. In addition to the pyramids, there were 70 table cases containing minerals showing general distribution. These cases were especially made for this exhibition, and are so constructed that they can be takea apart and packed in boxes 3 feet 8 inches x 2 feet 8 inches x 6i inches. The most striking and original feature of the exhibit was the large vault 14 feet X 16 feet containing gold nuggets and gold dust from the Yukon. This va\ilt was composed of minerals from the different provinces, and attracted universal attention and admiration. A systematic collection of gold dust and nuggets from British Columbia and the Yukon, arranged by Dr. Haanel, Superintendent of Mines, was favourably commented •upon. This exhibit consisted of 93 specimens put up in trays, each containing 1 oz. of gold, with label attached showing assay value and location of claim. Next to the gold exhibit the collection of asbestos from the Thetford and Black Lake mines, province of Quebec, attracted the most interest. The exhibit weighed over 12 tons, and all the mines in the district were represented. The mica exhibit proved to be of much interest to visitors. This was the largest exhibit of mica ever sent from Canada, one of the crystals, 3 feet 6 inches in diameter, weighed over 700 lbs. Another specimen exhibited was nearly 7 feet in length and 14 inches wide. The exhibit of cobalt-nickel-arsenic and silver from New Ontario attracted much attention, especially among scientists. This being the first cobalt ore found in paying quantities on this continent, many inquiries were made about the deposit. All the specimens were labelled with neat cards bearing the Dominion coat-of- arms. Much information was given as to mode of occurrence, extent of deposit, and other particulars, in answer to inquiries about the following minerals : — Molybdenite. Manganese. Talc. Tripolite. Magnesite. Gra})hite. Asbestos. Building stones. Mica. Grindstones. Nickel and cobalt. Marble. Chromite. Slates. Zinc. Barite. Copper. Felspar. Iron. Scheelite. Iron pyrites. Peat. Silver. Arsenic. Gold. Pitchblende. The collection was the largest shown by any exhibitor in the mines building. Panels showing mineral statistics and other information in regard to mining were placed in prominent positions throughout the space. Over 30.000 pamphlets and reports on mining in the Dominion were distributed. 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Many complimentary remarks were made by scientists and others on the general arrangement of the exhibit, one of which we quote. Doctor Day, Chief of the Division of Mining and Mineral Resources of the United States Geological Survey, and Honorary Chief of the Department of Mines and Metallurgy, Louisiana Purchase Exhibition, said : ' This exhibit of minerals is the best that I have ever seen from Canada, and I have attended all the large exhibitions of recent years. Your plan of showing large masses of workable ores impresses the people interested in mining, and is to be highly commended.' He also stated that the Canadian exhibit was the most representative collection of economic minerals in the mines building. The exhibit was awarded two grand prizes, twenty-seven gold medals, twenty- seven silver medals and fourteen bronze medals. FORESTRY^ FISH AND GAME. In the forestry, fish and game building a space of 8,000 feet was secured and occupied by Canada, and our exhibit there was one of unusual attraction. The main figure was a rustic arch or double span bridge unique in its design, and in its con- struction was worked over 3,000 varieties of wood, all grown in the Dominion. This information was given to the public in a large gold-lettered panel placed on the side of the bridge. On the bridge and under it, was arranged a collection of the finest specimens of all the game to be found in the forest, plains and waters of British America. Conspicuous in the collection were fine specimens of the white polar and grizzly bear; brown and black bear, buffalo, musk ox, mountain goat, moose, elk, wolf, beaver, and every variety of water fowl and fur-bearing animal known to the fowlers and trappers. Of this exhibit it was said by Dr. Hough, of the Smithsonian Institute, at Washington : ' The most attractive exhibit I ever saw at a world's fair,' and by a wealthy and cultured lady from Virginia : ' How exquisitely beautiful.' In the same building Canada occupied a space of 400 feet containing an artificial pool of flowing water wherein sported a family of live Canadian beaver to the delight of many hundreds of spectators daily. In addition to the exhibit in the forestry, fish and game building, Canada made a special display of her forest wealth in a building constructed for the purpose in the rear of the Canadian pavilion, covering a floor space 50 x 100 feet. In this building an effort was made to show the immense timber and pulpwood resources of Canada, and the effort was successful in attracting a pretty general interest and a great deal of inquiry. A pyramid of pulpwood (the only exhibit of the kind at the fair), was erected in the centre of this building rising to a height of 25 feet. Set into this pyra- mid were panels showing the different stages in the manufacture of pulp, first the chips, then the coarse pulp reduced by acids from the chips, and lastly the pulp rolled into sheets. In the general exhibit were sections of the Douglas fir from the Pacific coast, sections of the great oak, elms, pines, cedare, maples, birch, ash, walnut, hickory, bass- wood and every other variety of timber grown and used for manufacturing purposes in Canada. Besides shown in rough sections, all of these varieties of timber were exhi- bited in squared sections, in rough lumber, and lumber with surface planed and polished. In addition to this a great variety of worked and bent wood was shown, such as tool handles, sash, doors, and articles in which bent wood is used. This exhibit, like several of the others, was plentifully supplied with panels giving information regarding the extent of the timber and pulpwood areas of Canada, tha annual output of each article, its annual consumption, &c., and came in for a full share of grand prizes and other awards. MISCELLANEOUS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 GENERAL REMARKS. It might be mentioned that in the installation of the Canadian exhibits at St. Louis, fevery advantage was taken of the facilities at Ottawa, where a workshop came in very useful in the preparation of some of the fixtures, stands and wooden structures that were used. This effected a considerable saving in time and money, and gave em- ployment to Canadian skill and labour, and to that extent expended some of the ap- propriation at home. To fully appreciate this point, it would be necessary to know something of the labour conditions of St. Louis. We found the regulations among the labour unions there very arbitraiy and vexatious. Unlike the union men in Canada, in St. Louis they religiously abstained from working on a Saturday afternoon, but would work all day Sunday at a double day's wages, and demand the same rate for every hour over eight hours a day on all other days. The large contractors had nearly all the skilled and efficient workmen bonused to stay with them, and that left all the lesser contracts de- pendent upon a class of unskilled and incapable men, who the labour demand enabled to rush in and join the unions and demand the same rate of wages paid to the skilled workmen. This condition of affairs greatly retarded the work of construction and in- stallation besides adding greatly to its cost. To this condition of affairs there was but one alternative if the work was to pro- ceed, and that was to offer a bonus in increased wages to skilled workmen as the large contractors were doing. To this alternative we were compelled to resort, otherwise we could not have had our installation completed in time for the opening of the fair. The rate of wages demanded and paid was something, as follows : — For a skilled mechanic or carpenter, 65 cents per hour; ordinary carpenter, 60 cents per hour, just double those rates for Sunday and extra hours on week days. Bonused mechanics got 70 cents and 75 cents per hour, doubling on Sunday and extra hours. Attractive literature descriptive of Canada and of the different exhibits was dis- tributed from the various spaces occupied, and also from the Canadian pavilion. Over 500,000 pieces were distributed in this way, but so great was the demand that the supply was exhausted more tnan a month before the close of the exposition. It is worthy to note that students and school teachers were particularly desirous of obtaining any matter descriptive of Canada, and we have information that in more than one case the pamphlets were used as text-books by teachers among the students in the schools. The newspapers of the country were very liberal and flattering in their comments about Canada and her exhibits. From clippings which we were able to gather we feel justified in saying that Canada received more free newspaper advertising in connection with her exhibits than any other state or country officially represented at the expo- sition. In conclusion I beg to acknowledge the courtesies extended by the officials of the exposition and all those with whom we came in contact in an unofficial way during our residence in St. Louis. I also wish to give expression of my thanks to the staff of the Canadian Commission, all of whom performed their respective duties in a most competent manner. Respectfully submitted, W^L HUTCHISON, Commissioner, Exhibition Branch, St. Louis, Missouri, November 15, 1904. INDEX TO APPENDICES. Page. PUBLIC HEALTH. Xo. 1. Keport of the Director General of Public Health, F. ^loutizambert, I.S.O.. M.D. Ed., F.R.C.S.E., D.C.L. Dominion Department of Public Health 1 Deputy Minister by Statute 3 Bubonic Plague 3 Cholera 7 Small-pox 9 Yellow Fever 10 The Mosquito Transmission of Yellow Fever 11 Scarlet Fever 12 Beri-beri 13 Leprosy 15 Tuberculosis 19 Anti-typhoid inoculation 23 Japan's best victory 23 Formaldehyde disinfection : 25 Wireless Telegraphy 26 Congresses and Meetings 26 Inspection Duty 26 The Quarantine Stations, &c., Grosse Isle, Que 26 Halifax, X.S 27 St. John, X.B 27 Sydney, CB 27 ■' '' Louisburg, CB 27 Chatham, X.B 27 " "' Charlottetown, P.E.I 27 William Head, B.C 27 " " Victoria, B.C 28 " " Vancouver, B.C 28 Temporary Frontier and Coast Inspection 28 The Xorthwest Territories 28 Yukon Territory 28 Leper Lazaretto, Tracadie, X.B 28 Public Works Health Act 28 MISCELLANEOUS. Report of the Canadian Commission to the Louisiana Pnrrhase Exposition. St. Louis, U.S.A., 1904 54 61 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A 1906 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CANADA REPORT OF THE VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL J. G. RUTHERFORD, V.S. 1905 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1906 [No. 15a— 1906] 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A 1906 REPORT OF THE VETERmARY DIRECTOR GENERAL Health of Animals Branch, Ottawa, March 31, 1906. Sir. — I have the honour to present my report as Veterinary Director General for the Dominion covering the period between November 1, 1904, and March 31, 1906. I am glad to be able to state that this period has witnessed a considerable further advance and improvement in the work of providing for the control of contagious disease among animals. The task of organizing a thoroughly effective veterinary sanitary service for a country so vast in extent and with so wide a variety of climatic and economic condi- tions affecting animal life, is however, far from an easy one and while reasonable pro- gress is being made, much remains to be done before our work can be considered to be, even approximately, on a satisfactory basis. The nature of the duties performed by the officers of this branch is very fie- quently such as to provoke adverse criticism from those members of the general stock owning, and especially stock dealing public who, from want of thought or of experi- ence regarding the disastrous effects of uncontrolled animal plagues, are inclined to look upon veterinary inspection with an unfriendly eye. It is therefore gratifying to be able to report that it has recently been my pleasant privilege to acknowledgo a large number of expressions of grateful appreciation of our services emanating from some of the largest and most important live stock associations in the Dominion, as well as from many of the individuals with whom we have had official relations. This is one of the most encouraging features of the situation, especially when taken in con- junction with the prompt and cheerful responses accorded by parliament to your repeated requests for increased funds to enable you to carry on the work in an effective manner. These evidences of appreciation not only of the importance of the work of this branch of your department, but of the active and energetic policy for the suppression and control of animal diseases which, with your approval, has now been adopted, have had their due effect in stimulating the staff to renewed exertion, and I am again pleased to be able to report that, with few exceptions, our inspectors have responded manfully to the extra pressure placed upon them and that most of them show, in addition, a marked improvement in method and technique. The importance to the Dominion of having a thoroughly organized and competent staff of veterinary inspectors, cannot be over-estimated. The census returns of 1901, give the following figures as to the numbers of live stock in Canada. The value as given here is based on Ontario average prices of 1903, which, of course, include stallions, bulls, «S:c. Horses 1,577,493 $261,863,838 00 Cattle .5,576,411 706,419,745 48 Sheep 2,511,239 21,872,891 69 Swine 2,353,838 50,254,441 30 . 12,018,981 1,040,410,916 47 15a- II 4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 These statistics speak for themselves and, in view of the progress made during the last five years in every branch of agriculture, including the live stock industry, there can be do doubt that the figures then given are now largely exceeded. The unpreced- ented influx of settlers to the western provinces and the large importations of live stock, made by them or for their use, have greatly augmented the numbers of animals in Canada while the brisk demand for all kinds of marketable stock and especially those for breeding purposes has forced what, though perhaps in one sense, artificial, may for lack of a more lucid term, be called the natural increase, far beyond the usual rate. \Vlien it is remembered that all this immensely valuable property is constantly in danger of serious depreciation or even total destruction from one or other of the various plagues to which the domesticated animals are unfortunately subject, it must be admitted that the expenditure of this branch of your department, while for var- ious reasons, considerably larger than formerly, is still trifling in proportion to the interests which it exists to conserve. An earnest endeavour has been made to keep pace with the rapid development of the country and the large increase in its live stock interests. A number of new inspectors have been engaged, and, to as great an extent as possible, personally instructed in their various duties. In this connection, I would say that great care is necessary in the selection of these men. The fact of a man being an experienced or skilful practitioner is no guarantee of his suitability for sanitary work. To fill the position acceptably, a veterinary inspector must have certain attri- butes often lacking in the ordinary veterinarian, and it is no easy matter to find in- dividuals who, while capable professionally, are also possessed of these special qualifi- cations which include, among others, tact, suavity, integrity, and above all else, sound common sense. For various obvious reasons it is not desirable, except under special circumstances, to employ as inspectors veterinarians engaged in general practice. The men best suited for the work are recent graduates of good class, having the various qualities mentioned above, not yet narrowed by local practice, sufficiently well equipped as to general education, to be able to comprehend the scientific details of modern sanitary and preventive work, and if possible without encumbrances which may hinder their rapid transfer from place to place as outbreaks of disease or chang- ing conditions in this vast country demand. Such men are scarce in any country, and in Canada perhaps especially so, for reasons on which I need not here dwell. When once secured and properly trained, a good veterinary inspector is a valuable asset and should be treated accordingly. He must be paid sufficiently well to induce him to remain in the service, and to improve himself with a view to promotion, and he must be guaranteed permanent employment. In most other countries, notably in the United States, veterinary inspectors are required to pass a qualifying examination before being appointed. After appointment and proof of ability to render satisfactory service, they are permanent employees and cannot be removed except for just cause. The adoption of some such system in Canada would be a great advantage to the service and, through it, to the large and rapidly growing live stock interests of the country. As in previous years my own time has been very fully occupied, not only in develrp- ing and systematizing the work of the branch, but in looking closely after the numer- ous details of its actual operation and the expenditure of the comparatively large sums which have been required in carrying out the policy of compensation adopted in 1904. While endeavouring to spend as much time as possible in Ottawa, I have found it necessary to make a number of rapid trips to various parts of the Dominion where existing conditions rendered my personal attention advisable. Among these may be mentioned three visits to Western Canada, two of which were extended to the Paci- HEALTH OF ANIMALS j 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a fie coast, as also a visit to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In addition to these lengthy journeys a number of hurried trips were made to various districts in Ontario and Quebec, due to circumstances arising in connection with my official duties. I also visited with your authority, the capitals of the United States and of Mexico for the purpose of discussing with the officials of these countries, occupying positions similar to my own, various matters of mutual interest pertaining to the regulation of inter- national live stock trade. These latter journeys are more fully dealt with in other sections of this report. Among the important occurrences of the past seventeen months may be mentioned the amendment of the regulations re glanders which by Order in Council of March 25th, 1904, were altered so as to provide for payment of compensation to owners for horses showing clinical symptoms of that disease, when slaughtered by order of a pro- perly authorized veterinary inspector. A somewhat serious outbreak of sheep scab in Western Ontario, which was dis- covered during the winter of 1904-05, rendered necessary the adoption of active measures for the suppression of that disease and the issuing of entirely new regulations for its control. A full account of this outbreak will be found elsewhere. Meanwhile I am glad to be able to report that our efforts to secure its eradication appear to have been entirely successful. The prevalence of hog-cholera having been greatly lessened by the active policy followed since 1902, it was decided, with your approval, to relax to some extent the stringency of the restrictions governing the removal of fat hogs from the quarantined area in the counties of Kent, Essex and Lambton, and a departmental order with that object was accordingly issued on May 1. As may be seen from the special report further on, this disease would appear to be, for the present at least, fairly well under control, although there exists a constant risk of its re-introduction from the infected areas in the United States. To guard as far as possible against such contingencies, new regulations governing the transit trade in hogs, as well as their importation for any purpose, have been brought into eflfect. In pursuance of the policy adopted in 1904, and in compliance with the expressed wishes of the Western Stock Growers' Association, as well as of many individual owners, it was decided to again enforce the compulsory dipping of cattle in the area quarantined for mange in Alberta and Southwestern Saskatchewan. An order to that effect was, therefore, issued on July 11th, which, together with a full statement of the work performed, will be found in the special report on this disease. The results of the investigation into the nature and causes of Pictou cattle disease which has, since October, 1903, been in progress at Antigonish, N.S., are of such a nature as to show clearly that this malady is not only non-contagious, but is due to the ingestion of the weed known as Senecio Jacobaea, Ragwort or Stinking Willy. So clearly has this been demonstrated that I felt myself justified in recommending to you the discontinuance of the policy of slaughter and compensation which has been followed by the departy'T.^nt since 1882. I have furnished a brief resume of the work done, while the full reports of Dr. Pethick, the officer charged with the conduct of the experiments, will be found interesting. I regret to say that the disease of horses known as Maladie du Coit or Dourine, is still giving me much anxiety. As previously reported, its existence in Canada was first brought to my notice in March, 1904, when a number of animals near Lethbridge were reported to be suffering from a peculiar form of venereal disease. Since that time the disease has appeared in several other districts in Alberta, and although much attention had been devoted to the work of control and eradication, and some progress has been made, the conditions prevailing among horses on the range, are such as to render the task of dealing with it in a satisfactory manner one of extreme difficulty. A detailed report of our efforts in this direction is printed herewith. 6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 At St. John, N.B., and at Halifax, N.S., work is now m progress on new. quaran- tine stations, which, when completed, will render the importation of animals via these ports much safer and more convenient than in the past. At other coast points and at many ports of entry along the international boundary between Canada and the United States, conditions as regards live stock inspection have been greatly improved, in some cases by the erection of buildings or yards and in others by the appointment of officers, As will be seen from the detailed account of this branch of the work, our system is still far from perfect, although showing a considerable advance on former conditions. Some changes have been made in the staff and a number of new inspectors have entered the service. Dr. George Hilton, formerly of Manitoba, has been appointed chief assistant at Ottawa, where during my absence he has controlled the work of the branch in a very satisfactory and efficient manner. In Quebec the only new appointment to the salaried staff is that of Dr. Etienne, formerly of St. Hyacinthe, now of Montreal, who has been steadily employed in en- forcing the provisions of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act in the rural districts of Quebec. In Ontario, Dr. Orchard, formerly our officer at Windsor, has been appointed travelling inspector of live stock cars and yards for the province, this work having been divided on Mr. M. Auger's leaving the service. Dr. F. A. Jones has taken over tlie duties of inspector at Windsor, while Messrs. T. G. Ferris and Thos Yates, have been appointed to enforce the new regulations governing the movement of transit stock. At Sarnia, where the duties are much less onerous, this new work is performed by Dr. Brown, our veterinary inspector, in consideration of an increase in salary. In Manitoba, Dr. C. D. McGilvray was appointed chief inspector when the control of contagious diseases was transferred by the provincial authorities to this branch in February, 1905. Owing to pressure of work Dr. J. P. Molloy was also added to the salaried staff in September last. In the Northwest Territories, now comprising the new provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, the work of the branch is still being performed under the supervision of the Commissioner of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, with the assistance of the veterinary surgeons of that force now numbering eighteen, and of Drs. Hargrave, of Medicine Hat, and Warnock, of Pincher Creek, the latter being a new appointment, as well as of several other civilian practitioners who are employed on fees as occasion demands. Th6 large importations of live stock, the extraordinary development of the country coupled with its enormous extent, and the difficulties experienced in dealing with animals under range conditions, make the task of controlling contagious disease in the west one of extreme difficulty. In spite of the best efforts of our officers it is impossible even with our present largely increased staff, to cover the ground in such a way as to visit all suspicious cases reported, as promptly as is desirable. While our present expenditure in the west is undoubtedly very large, I am convinced of the necessity of employing a greater number of salaried inspectors than we now have. For various and obvious reasons, I am not in favour of the appointment as inspectors of veterinarians engaged in private practice, especially in view of the important duties now devolving upon officers engaged in putting into effect the present policy of slaughter and compensation followed in dealing with glanders and maladie du coit. In British Columbia, Dr. Tolmie continues to perform in an eminently satisfac- tory manner the duties of chief inspector for the province. Since the date of my last report, several changes have taken place in the personnel of the staff under his controL In May, 1905, Dr. D. Tamblyn took charge of the work at Midway and Grand I "orks, formerly performed by Dr. C. M. Henderson, who has left the service of the department. The largely increased international traffic at the first mentioned point, due to the construction of the V. V. & E. railway, rendered necessary the appoint- ment of another inspector, and in August, 1905, Dr. J. W. Franlc, was added to the HEALTH OF ANIMALS 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a staff and stationed at Grand Forks. About the same time the transfer of Dr. Hadwen to take charge of the new experiment station at Lethbridge created a vacancy at Nelson which was filled by the appointment of Dr. E. C. Oliver formerly on the veterinary staff of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, and our inspector at Cardston, Alberta. To check importations via the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys it was found neces- sary to station an inspector at Osoyoos and in April, 1905, Dr. D. Coristine, also an ex-veterinarian of the Mounted Police and an experienced inspector was placed there, being at the same time appointed sub-collector of Customs. At New Westminster, the resignation of Dr. Hart, in December, 1904, rendered another appointment necessary, and an arrangement was effected whereby Dr. J. W. Bland, formerly inspector for the Port of Vancouver, took charge, at an increased salary, of the work in the New Westminster district also. A serious outbreak of glanders in the city of Vancouver, and a somewhat similar occiirrence in the Okanagan Valley necessitated the appointment of several additional inspectors. These were mostly found among the veterinarians practising in the pro- vince, the only exceptions being Dr. Jermyn, formerly in the service in this branch in Alberta, who at the date of the outbreak was relieving Dr. Coristine, of Osoyoos, temporarily incapacitated through illness, and Dr. Wm. Lawson, of Dundas, Ontario, who, in December, accompanied Dr. Moore, to Vancouver, In Yukon Territory the work of inspection is performed by two veterinarians of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, under the supervision of the assistant com- missioner commanding in that district. ■ To guard against the danger of introducing disease from Alaska, authority was granted in November, 1905, to rent a stable at Forty Mile for purposes of quarantine, the non-commissioned officer of police at that point being placed in charge at a small remuneration. HOG CHOLERA. It is gratifying to be able to report a further improvement in the condition of affairs as regards the prevalence of hog cholera in the Dominion and especially in the eastern provinces. Strict adherence to a definite policy in dealing with this trouble- some malady has enabled us to almost completely stamp it out, so far as outbreaks elsewhere than in the quarantined area are concerned. In the area referred to, which comprises a number of townships in the counties of Essex and Kent, and the Indian reserve known as Walpole Island, in the county of Lambton, the number of outbreaks which have occurred since the date of my last report has been so small, compared with the records of previous years, that there is good ground for the hope that it will be possible to remove, at the close of tne present season, even the slight restrictions still maintained against the movement therefrom of hogs for purposes other than immediate slaughter. As the disease has been gradually brought under control the restrictions have, from time to time, been made correspondingly less stringent until at the present time they interfere to a very slight extent with the general trade in hogs, although they still bear somewhat hardly on one or two individuals who are engaged in raising pure bred animals, the only available market for which is, as matters now stand, within the quarantined area. No change was made in the restrictions from the date of my last report until May, 1905, when the following ministerial order was issued: — Dominion of Canada, Department of Agriculture. Notice is hereby given that under the provisions of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903, I do hereby declare that my order of date, March 7th, 1904, and amendments thereto regulating the movement of hogs into or out of the quarantined area comprising certain townships in the counties of Kent and Essex, and the island 8 DEPARTMENT OF^AORICULTVBE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 known as Walpole Island in the county of Lambton, are hereby rescinded and the following substituted therefor. ' On and after May 15, 1905, the movement o'f live hogs from the area comprising the townships of Camden, Howard, Harwich, Chatham, Raleigh, Dover East and West, and Tilbury East in the county of Kent, Tilbury West, Tilbury North, Eoches- {er and Maidstone in the covmty of Essex, and the island known as Walpole island in the county of Lambton, is forbidden, except under the following conditions : — ' 1. All shipments of live hogs from the said district must be consigned direct to a slaughter-house or packing-house equipped with the proper facilities for the slaughter and detention of such hogs in a manner satisfactory to the inspectors of this department. * 2. Shippers must notify the nearest inspector not less than forty-eight hours I-reviously of the exact time and place of intended shipment. * 3. Each carload or part thereof of such shipments must be accompanied by a certificate of inspection signed by one of the authorized inspectors of this department, stating that the hogs comprising such carload, or part thereof, are free from disease and in every way fit for immediate slaughter. ' 4. All cars used for the conveyance of such shipments must be cleansed and dis- infected in a manner satisfactory to the inspectors of this department after being unloaded and before being again used for the conveyance of animals or other articles, and all waybills accompanying such shipments shall have written across the face thereof a notification that the said cars are to be cleansed and disinfected in the manner aforesaid. ' Information regarding inspectors, necessary notifications and other details may be obtained from M. B. Perdue, veterinary inspector, Chatham. ' Owners and shippers of hogs are earnestly requested to assist the officers of this department in the proper enforcement of this order. ' (Signed) Sydney Fisher, Minister of Agriculture. ' Ottawa, May 1, 1905.' At the same time authority was given to a number of veterinarians, living in prox- imity to railway stations within the district described, to inspect and grant certifi- cates for shipments of hogs, when fulfilling the requirements of the order. Several isolated outbreaks have occurred in places outside of this area, and in these it has been difficult to account for the origin of infection. It is possible, how- ever, that the disease was conveyed by cars previously used for the carriage of Amer- ican hogs, although every possible precaution was adopted to lessen the danger from this source. What would, in all probability, have proved a most serious outbreak was narrowly averted in November, 1904, when the disease made its appearance in the Quarantine station at Point Edward among hogs returning from the St. Louis Exposi- tion. On this occasion 4 valuable animals died while 27 had to be slaughtered in quarantine, and while the loss was heavy, it was trifling in comparison with that which would have probably followed had the animals in question been permitted to proceed direct to the establishments of their owners. While on the subject of infection from American sources, I may say that the theory advanced last year as to the origin of outbreaks occurring in British Columbia, viz., the infection of the Calgary stock yards by hogs unloaded there when in transit from Minnesota to Seattle, has received striking corroboration. Through Dr. Tolmie, our chief inspector in British Columbia, it has been ascertained that the animals in question were found to be diseased on reaching their destination, thus completing the chain of evidence set forth in my last report. ■ I regret to say that the disease still lingers in the Pacific province, for while it has apparently been stamped out on Vancouver island it has repeatedly appeared on the HEALTH OF ANIMALS 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a mainland near the coast. These outbreaks, while difficult to trace, are so far as I can judge, due to importations from across the line. One outbreak was dealt with in Yukon Territory, the affected animals having been taken from near Mission Junction, British Columbia. In April, 1905, a number of Canadian packing houses began the importation of American hogs for slaughter in bond, advancing as a reason for so doing the scarcity and consequent high price of Canadian raw material. This new departure called for prompt action with a view to reducing the risk of introducing infection to the lowest possible point. As most of the purchases were made in Buffalo and Detroit an in- spector was stationed at the former place, while at the latter animals were examined l)y our regular officer at Windsor. Hogs bought in Chicago were inspected at Port Huron before entering Canada. The adoption of this plan obviated the necessity of inspecting at the frontier with the consequent risk of infection through other ani- mals using the yards and chutes on the Canadian side, while it, at the same time, gave our officers a better chance to reject doubtful animals, or those which were or had been in contact with diseased stock. Shipments had to be loaded in clean cars fitted with ten-inch bottom boards, and could be consigned direct only to packing houses and slaughter houses. Arrangements were made for the thorough cleansing and disinfection of all such cars immediately after being unloaded at destination points, and although this precaution involved a great deal of extra correspondence and other work, it was apparently well worth the trouble taken to insure its thorough ■enforcement. While, as suggested above, this trade may have been responsible for some of the few outbreaks which occurred in unusual places, it is gratifying to be able to report that, so far as destination points are concerned, I am not aware of any cases of hog cholera having been detected either as a result of the importations or otherwise. That the trade was accompanied by serious risk is, however, beyond ques- tion, and I was greatly relieved by the decision reached in December, to forbid alto- gether the importation of American hogs for slaughter. At the same time the period of quarantine was very properly increased from fifteen to thirty days, while further restrictions as to certificates of health were enforced on importers. In order to lessen the risk by infection through the heavy transit trade in hogs from western points to Buffalo and elsewhere, it was decided early in the season to adopt more stringent regulations for its control, and the following orders were ac- cordingly issued: — ' REGULATIONS REGARDING TRANSPORTATION OF ANUIaLs BETWEEN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES. ' By Departmental Order in virtue of Order in Council March 30th, 190k- ' 1. All stock cars intended for the conveyance of animals from any point in Canada to the United States, or for transit through United States territory to any •other part of Canada, must be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected before such ani- mals are placed therein. ' 2. All cars conveying animals into Canada from the United States, whether such animals are intended for points in Canada or for transit to some other part of the United States, must be inspected, and unless found in a clean and sanitary condition, will be returned to the United States. ' 3. All empty stock cars, whether of Canadian origin or not, entering Canada from the United States must, if not already showing evidence of having been so treated, be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected to the satisfaction of the inspectors of this department, otherwise they will be returned to the United States. ' 4. Stock cars which have conveyed animals from the United States to points in Canada must be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected immediately after being un- loaded, and before being returned to the country whence they came. 10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 "5. Animals intended for export to the United States, or for passage in bond through that country for export to other countries, may be inspected at such points and under such conditions as the minister may from time to time order. ' 6. After May 31, 1905, all cars conveying swine from the United States into Canada, whether intended for transit to some other part of the United States, or to points in Canada, must be fitted with ten-inch foot boards in a manner satisfactory to the inspectors of this department. ' This regulation shall not apply to swine which have undergone the period of quarantine provided for in section 45 of the order in council of March 30, 1904. ' 7. The practice of douching or drenching with water United States hogs, or ca;rs containing United States hogs, while in transit through Canada is strictly prohibited. ' 8. United States hogs while in transit through Canada must not be unloaded from cars containing them on any pretext whatever. ' 9. Any animal dying from any cause whatever when in transit through Canada from one point in the United States to another point in that country, must not be removed from the car in which it died while in Canadian territory. ' J. G. Rutherford, ' Veterinary Director General.' 'Health of Animals Branch, 'Department of Agriculture, ' Ottawa.' To Whom it may Concern: ' Under the authority of section 67 of the Quarantine Regulations authorized by Order in Council, 30th March, 1904, I hereby give notice that all hogs entering Can- ada for transit and all cars conveying such hogs must be inspected by the inspectors of this department immediately after entering Canadian Territory. Any cars contain- ing hogs showing evidence of disease and any cars which are dirty or which do not, in the opinion of the inspector, meet in every ;way the requirements of the regulations of this department are to be immediately returned to the United States. ' All inspections, as provided above, must be made between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. 'GEO. F. O'EALLORAN, Deputy Minister.' ' Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, April 10th, 1905.' As I was and am convinced that, under ordinary conditions, it is impossible to examine at night in a satisfactory manner, cars of hogs or other stock without much better lighting facilities than are to be found in the average railway yard, the hours of inspection were fixed as above to avoid the necessity of changing them several times in each year as the period of daylight increases or diminishes. The new regu- lations evoked a good deal of hostile criticism, but as the interests involved were of the first importance it was not deemed advisable to recede from the position taken. An offer made by the Michigan Central Railway Company to supply special lighting facilities was accepted on condition that the arrangement proposed was found to work satisfactoril3^ After a thorough trial the regulations were amended so as to provide night inspection for any company furnishing satisfactory lighting facilities. In order to meet the requirements of the traffic under these conditions, it was necessary to appoint a second inspector at Windsor, since which time everything appears to have been managed without friction. The following figures show the progress which has been made in controlling the ravages of hog cholera. It will be noted that there have been during the last seven- teen months very few outbreaks in Ontario. The prevalence of the disease in British HEALTH OF ANIMALS H SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Columbia is attributed to an entirely different source of contagion, and should not, therefore, be debited against the work of the department in the older provinces. November 1st, 1901— October 31st, 1902— Outbreaks. 313 Province. Ontario. . November 1st, 1902— October 31st, 1903— Outbreaks. 344 ■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ '' .'.'.'.'' 10 ttC^"^"^^^ • ^ British Columbia Province. Ontario. . Quebec. 360 November 1st, 1903— October 31st, 1904— Province. Ontario Outbreaks. . 121 3 Quebec British Columbia 151 November 1st, 1904— October 31st, 1905— Province. Ontario Quebec British Columbia Yukon Outbreaks. . 46 1 4 1 52 November 1st, 1905— March 31st, 1906— Province. Ontario British Columbia ^^ Outbreaks. 4 30 Compensation paid in fiscal year 1901-02 $15,962 97 " « 1902-03 36,029 75 u ii " 1903-04 21,352 35 " « « 1904-05 7,042 73 « 1st haH of " 1905-06 839 34 In considering the reduction in the amount of compensation paid it should not be forgotten that since August, 1904, the rate paid has been two-thirds of the value of the animal whether actually diseased or only in contact, while f ormer y only one-third was paid for diseased animals, to which class the great majority of those slaughtered belonged. Were it not for this fact the expenditure would be even less than it is. 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE No. of Outbreaks. No. of Hogs Destroyed. 13 349 4 95 1 2 ^5 28 1 40 22 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Hog cholera statistics for the 12 months ended Octoher 31, 1905 : In Ontario 1,031 hogs, valued at $7,292.98, were destroyed, in the following coun- ties, at a cost of $4,862.24:— County of Kent — Harwich Township Howard " Tilbury " Chatham " Dover " County of Middlesex — Caradoc Township County of Essex — Rochester Township. . . . Sandwich " . . . , Gosfield Maidstone " ... Coil Chester " ... Anderdon " ... Caldwell County of Wentworth — Grimsby Township County of Oxford — East Zorra Township. . . County of Lennox — Camden Township Pt. Edward — Quarantine. 7 109 2 48 2 81 4 107 1 2 1 16 1 30 41 10 1 27 46 1,031 In Quebec there was an outbreak (somewhat doubtful) at Port Daniel West, Oaspe, where 2 hogs were destroyed, at a cost of $26. In British Columbia there were 4 outbreaks, all on Vancouver Island, where 42 animals, valued at $261, were slaughtered at a cost of $174. In the Yukon there was one outbreak at Dawson, where 35 animals, valued at $525, were destroyed at a cost of $350. Hog cholera statistics for the 5 months ended March 31, 1906 : In Ontario 54 hogs, valued at $609, were destroyed in the following counties, at a cost of $405.99 :— Wentworth County, Aneaster To^vnship. Wellington County, Guelph Township . Essex County, Gosfield Township 4 54 In British Columbia there were 26 outbreaks, 2 on Vancouver Island, and 24 in Chilliwack and Xew Westminster district, in which 322 hogs, valued at $1,954.80, were slaughtered at a cost of $1,303.12. The following general regulations for the control of the disease were authorized by Order in Council, 6th December, 1904 : — No. of )utbreak3. No. of Hogs Destroyed. 1 1 2 25 2 27 HEALTH OF ANIMALS 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ' 1. Every owner, breeder or importer of, or dealer in, hogs shall, on perceiving the appearance of hog cholera or swine plague amongst the hogs owned by him, or ■under his special care, give immediate notice to the Minister of Agriculture, and to the nearest veterinary inspector of the Department of Agriculture, of the facts dis- covered by him as aforesaid. ' 2. Every veterinary surgeon practising in Canada shall immediately, on ascer- taining or suspecting that a hog is affected with hog cholera or swine plague, give similar notice to the minister and to the nearest veterinary inspector. * 3. In the Northwest Territories, the notice required to be given by the two pre- ceding sections of these regulations shall be deemed sufficient if given to the commis- sioner, assistant commissioner, or other officer of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, or to one of the veterinary staff-sergeants of the said force. ' 4. Hogs affected with hog cholera or swine plague, or which have been in con- tact with or close proximity to hogs affected with either of the said diseases, shall, on an order signed by a duly appointed inspector of the Department of Agriculture, be forthwith slaughtered and the carcases disposed of as in such order prescribed. ' 5. The Minister of Agriculture is hereby authorized to order compensation to be paid to the owners of such hogs at the rate set forth in sub-section 2 of section 12 of the " Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903 " as amended by chapter 6 of the statutes of 1904. ' 6. Before ordering compensation to be paid to the owners of hogs slaughtered under the provisions of these regulations, the minister shall require the production of a satisfactory report, order for slaughter, certificate of valuation and slaughter, and certificate of cleansing and disinfection. ' 7. No hog which has been affected with, or has been exposed to hog cholera or swine , plague, shall be permitted to run at large, or to come in contact with any hog which is not so affected. ' 8. Any veterinary inspector or other duly authorized person may declare to be an infected place within the meaning of the " Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," any common, field, stable, cowshed, or other place or premises where the infec- tion of hog cholera or swine plague is known or suspected to exist. ' 9. No hog shall be removed out of a place declared to be infected on account of hog cholera or swine plague, without a license signed by an inspector or other duly authorized person. ' 10. Every yard, stable, hog pen or other place or premises, and every wagon, cart, carriage, or other vehicle, and every utensil or other tning infected with hog cholera or swine plague shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector or other duly authorized person. * J. G. Rutherford, ' Veterinary Director General/ ' Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.' TUBERCULOSIS. No change has so far been made in the policy of the department regarding tuber- culosis. Cattle imported from the United States for breeding purposes or milk pro- duction, if accompanied by a satisfactory tuberculin test chart, signed by an officer of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, are placed in quarantine and tested. The same rule is applied to cattle of similar classes imported from Mexico. Cattle 'of any kind coming from other countries are tested in quarantine. The animals com- prising a few herds which are placed entirely under the control and supervision of our officers are tested by and at the expense of the department. Our officers test cattle exported to the United States when intended for breeding purposes or for milk pro- 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 duction. With these exceptions no testing with tuberculin is now undertaken officially, although it is supplied free to qualified veterinarians when employed by owners of cattle, on condition that the results of all tests made by them are sent in to the depart- ment on forms supplied for that purpose. All reacting animals are permanently ear-marked by cutting a capital T out of the right ear. In a considerable number of instances advantage has been taken of this offer, as may be seen from the fact that in the seventeen months which have elapsed since the date of my last report 7,721 doses of tuberculin have been issued from the biological laboratory. It may be said, and with some show of reason, that the policy at present pursued by the department in regard to this insidious and destructive disease, is less active than it should be. While admitting that appearances would so indicate, I would say that my reason for counselling the policy of comparative inertia now being followed is that so far no satisfactory intelligent method of dealing with bovine tuberculosis has been evolved, and that I consider it better to await the results of the investiga- tions now being conducted by scientists in different parts of the world, rather than to inaugurate a campaign along any of the various lines hitherto adopted, none of which have proved successful, and almost all of which have been abandoned after a more or less severe trial of public patience and a corresponding drain on public and private purses. Since tuberculin was first introduced many communities have passed legislation regarding its use, which, after being enforced for a longer or shorter period, and causing more or less irritation and consequent agitation, has in most cases been repealed, having entirely failed in accomplishing the object desired. It was thought for many years, and by some men who should have known better, that if a herd of cattle was tested, the reactors destroyed and the premises disinfected, the disease was stamped out, the owner being left, thereafter, to follow his own courses. As I have maintained in previous reports, such a theory is absolutely wrong and untenable. Repeated experi- ments have shown that from 8 to 50 days may elapse after infection before it is pos- sible to obtain from the animal a reaction to tuberculin. This being the case it goes without saying that frequent and repeated tests are necessary before it is safe to pro- nounce free from tuberculosis any herd which has been once infected. For example, in a herd of 100 cattle 25 are found to react to the first test. In such a case the theory was that the 75 which did not react were perfectly sound and safe. It must be remem- bered, however, that these 75 cattle have been living, and that in probably very close contact, with the 25 reactors. Under these circumstances it is almost certain that a second test in three months will bring to light a number of cases of tuberculosis which had not developed at the time of the first test to a sufficient extent to produce a re- action. We will say, for the sake of illustration, that these cases are ten in number, and that the remaining 65 still fail to react. Again, however, these 65 animals have been in contact with the 10 now shown to be diseased, and further tests will be re- quired before the herd can be finally declared healthy. The same thing applies in the case of new cattle purchased to fill the places of those slaughtered, or for other rea- sons. A test prior to purchase while to some extent a safeguard, does not by any means constitute a guarantee of soundness. Even where the sharp practises followed by some sellers have not been brought into play, the newly purchased animal, if coming from an infected herd, must be looked upon with suspicion until its freedom from tuberculosis has been proved by a second test three months after purchase. This being the case it is necessary, in order to prevent the introduction of infection, to isolate carefully all newly purchased cattle during the period of probation. No one is more firmly convinced than myself of the value of tuberculin as a diagnostic agent, but it is subject to the limitation mentioned above, as well as to several others, among which may be mentioned the fraudulent methods adopted by many owners to prevent the occurrence of a typical reaction. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a The old plan of injecting tuberculin a few days before the time fixed for the test, and thus nullifying the work of the inspecting veterinarian was troublesome and in some cases expensive. It has also now largely lost its value as an agency for cheating through the discovery made by Professor Valle, of Alfort, that a reaction is actually obtainable even where tuberculin has been used only a short time previous, provided that taking of temperatures is commenced two hours after injection and continued until the usual time. Its place has, however, been taken by the much more, cunning, and not less disreputable, practice of administering one or other of the coal tar anti- pyretics combined, as a rule, for safety's sake, with other drugs, to such animals as are known to be tuberculous or which begin to show a rise in temperature when undergoing the test. It is scarcely possible to deceive an experienced and wide-awake inspector by this scheme, but comparatively easy to hoodwink the veterinarian who depends largely on his thermometer and pays no attention to the clinical symptoms which invariably accompany and accentuate a marked reaction to tuberculin. While believing firmly in tuberculin when honestly used as a diagnostic agent and for specific and definite purposes, I maintain that in consideration of the foregoing facts and of the many other difficulties to be encountered, it is better to wait i:ntil we are sure of achieving reasonable results and so making some progress in the eradi- cation of tuberculosis, before we decide upon any policy which would involve universal or promiscuous testing. Meanwhile, no effort should be spared to induce owners of cattle to adopt every possible and reasonable means of combating the disease by prac- tical common sense methods. The Bang system which is followed by Senator Edwards and several of our other large breeders, and which has fi'equently been fully described in previous reports, has much to recommend it and should be more generally adopted than it is. Within the reach of every man, however, and at the lowest possible cost, there lies the best and most effective agent yet discovered for the eradication of tuberculosis. Of infinitely greater value than tuberculin and much more easy of administration is a plentiful supply of fresh air. If there is one matter to-day in which veterinarians are behind the age it is that of failing to insist at all times, in season and out of season, on the importance to live stock of thorough and effective stable ventilation. Having before us the object lesson afforded by the medical profession and the marvel- lous results which its members are achieving by open air treatment, not only helping, but actually curing advanced cases of tuberculosis, to say nothing of checking the disease, as is now daily done, in its early stages, it is nothing short of disgraceful that we are yearly permitting thousands of valuable animals to become infected owing to the unsanitary conditions under which their owners insist on keeping them. Of the truth of this contention, which is, perhaps, at first sight, rather sweeping, there is no lack of proof. In northern countries where cattle are generally closely housed and where a proper system of ventilation is the exception and not the rule, we almost invariably find bovine tuberculosis rampant. In milder climates where animals have free access to fresh air, as for instance among the Hereford cattle in England, it is a rare thing to find a case of that disease. On the ranges tuberculosis is unknown except where it has been introduced by some pampered stable bred individual, and even such a one is more likely to recover than to die, provided the malady is not too far advanced and the first winter can be endured. To put the case plainly, stockmen are breeding tuberculosis a great deal faster through neglect of this important subject of ventilation than it would ever be possible to stamp it out by the promiscuous use of tuberculin and the slaughter of diseased animals. While holding these views, I am keeping close watch on the work of Von Behring, IVIoFadyean. Thomassen, Marmoreck and others in Europe, and Pearson, of Penn- sylvania, who are devoting themselves to the task of finding some new and more effective method of dealing with the disease than has yet been made available. So far, in spite of all reports to the contrary, nothing has been achieved by their re- searches which would, in my opinion, warrant a change in our present attitude. 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Meanwhile I am, with your approval, carrying on two experiments which, though conducted at a very trifling cost, will, I hope, be productive of results of considerable value to the stock-owning public. The first, which is being managed by Mr. J. H. Grisdale, Agriculturist at the Central Experimental Farm, consists in the housing of a number of healthy cattle under conditions which, while affording absolute protection from draughts, insure at all times a plentiful supply of pure air. The object sought is to determine whether or not the high temperature generally insisted on by dairymen and cattle-feeders has the effect, with which it is usually credited, of maintaining a higher yield of milk in cows and a more rapid laying on of flesh in fattening stock than is the case when warmth is to some extent sacrificed in the interests of ventilation. Owing to the exceptional mildness of the season the conditions have been less favourable to the success of the experiment as a demonstration than would have been the case in a normal Canadian winter. As there is practically no outlay involved in this test, T hope that it will be possible to continue it for several successive years, as the point at issue is one of vital importance to the dairymen and feeders of the northern zone. The second experiment now in progress consists in the application of the prin- ciples of the open air treatment to a number of cattle known to be affected with tuber- culosis, although not in an advanced stage, with a view to ascertaining to what extent it may be possible to cure the malady, or, at least, to check its progress. The op- portunity to initiate this experiment at a slight expense was furnished by the reac- tion to tuberculin of a considerable number of the cattle kept on the Experimental Farm at Nappan, Nova Scotia, when tested in October last. As these animals, being the property of a public institution, would, under ordinary circumstances, have been destroyed, I thought the opportunity for acquiring knowledge in this way too valuable to be neglected, and they were, therefore, at my request, and with your full approval, transferred to this branch by the Director of Experimental Farms. All those showing evidence of breaking down were killed, 40 head in all being retained for experimental purposes. Of these, 28 have reacted to tuberculin, while the remaining 12 are to all appearance free from disease. All, however, are being kept together, it being desired, among other things, to obtain information as to the probability of infection by con- tact under open air conditions. The animals have passed the winter in a yard at Nappan, their only protection from wind and weather being a shed open at all times. They do not appear to have suffered from exposure, the only death reported having occurred within a few hours of dehorning, an operation which was considered advisable in order to prevent the animals injuring and annoying each other. It is my intention, as soon as I can secure suitable premises, to bring these ani- mals to the vicinity of Ottawa, where the opportunities for close observation will be much greater and the results generally more satisfactory. The highest medical authorities are now-a-days advising, and with the very best results, our modern hothouse humanity to get ' closer to nature ' in every possible way. The advantages of adopting a similar policy in the handling and housing of domestic animals are too apparent to admit of discussion. Nature has furnished our animal friends with every conceivable requisite for protection against ordinary climatic conditions, and most of the diseases and disabilities to which they are subject ^■nve been caused by, and owe their continuance to the irrational, artificial conditions imposed upon them by well meaning, but ignorant, or rather unthinking owners and attendants. ^uherculosis Statistics for the twelve months ended October 31 1905. Eight hundred and ninety cattle were tested for export, 48 of which reacted, 8 were classed as suspicious, and 834 successfully withstood the test. One hundred and sixty-seven cattle were tested, on being imported into Canada, 8 of which reacted and 159 proved healthy. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Eight hundred and twenty cattle were tested by private practitioners with tuber- culin supplied by this department, 103 of which reacted, 17 were classed as suspicious and 700 proved to be healthy. Tuberculosis Statistics for the five months ended March 31, 1906. Six hundred and twenty-two cattle were tested for export, 20 of which reacted, fend 15 were classed as suspicious, 587 thus successfully withstanding the test. Ten cattle were tested on being imported into Canada, of which 1 only reacted, the other 9 proving healthy. Four hundred and twenty cattle were tested throughout the Dominion by private practitioners, with tuberculin supplied by the department, 38 of which reacted, 15 vere classed as suspicious, and 367 proved healthy. With regard to this general testing, it must be borne in mind that, in many cases, the existence of tuberculosis is suspected in a herd before tuberculin is applied for, rmd the proportion of reactors cannot be cited as those obtained from indiscriminate testi'ng. All reactors were permanently ear-marked by a veterinary inspector. GLANDERS. I regret to report that this disease, one of the most dangerous and insidious mala- dies affecting any of the domestic animals, still exists to a very serious extent among horses in several widely distant parts of the Dominion. Previous to 1902 it was not dealt with by this department, except in the North- west Territories and in one or two isolated instances elsewhere, its control being left to the various provinces, several of which had legislation on the subject of a more or less effective character, while others gave it no attention whatever. In the year named, however, on ascertaining that it was threatening to become epizootic in some parts of Ontario and Quebec, it was resolved to bring it under the operation of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act. This was accordingly done, an exception being made in the case of Manitoba, where the legislation was of such a >:ature as to permit of its being dealt with in a fairly effective manner by the provin- cial authorities, acting through their own inspectors. Since the discovery of mallein in 1890 a complete change, due to the information acquired through its use, has taken place in the views held by modern veterinarians regarding glanders. It is now definitely known that many horses are affected while, for the time being, presenting no apparent symptoms, the disease being confined to the internal organs of which the kings are most generally involved. This being so, it goes without saying, that the method formerly followed in dealing with glanders and still in vogue in some countries, namely, the slaughter of horses showing clinical symptoms only, is entirely inadequate. Experience has shown that where one or more clinical cases are found in a stable, it is almost a certainty that some of the animals which have been directly or indirectly in contact with them are also affected. Of these many, sooner or later, develop clinical symptoms, and so become active centres of infection, while there is good ground for the belief that the disease can be com- municated by animals showing no external evidence of its existence. It follows, tlierefore, that any system which neglects these contact cases is defective, and certain to result in spreading the disease, especially in view of the perhaps natural tendency 15a— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 shown by owners to dispose, as soon as possible, of any animals left in their posses- sion after the destruction of those visibly affected. Where no compensation is paid for horses slaughtered, the inspector dealing with an outbreak of glanders finds himself in a very difficult position. Owners possessed of any intelligence seldom object to the slaughter of animals evidently diseased, but are naturally opposed to the killing of those which, while reacting to mallein, remain in good condition and are, so far as they can see, perfectly healthy. The tendency therefore is to refrain from testing contact horses on the theory that ' ignorance is bliss,' 'for if tested and found to react they must be dealt with as diseased, while if presumed to be healthy they may be left free from restrictions. The results of such an ostrich-like policy are, however, bound to be eventually disastrous as may be seen from the following figures taken from the returns of the Board of Agriculture which show the number of horses slaughtered for glanders in Great Britain under this system from 1898 to 1904 inclusive. 1898 1,385 1899 1,472 1900 1,858 1901 2,370 1902 2,073 1903 2,499 1904 2,628 The steady progress made by the disease under a similar policy as evidenced by the experience of Manitoba and other infected districts, furnishes additional convinc- ing proof of the folly of ignoring the constant and very real danger connected with the contact horse even when he is absolutely free from visible symptoms of glanders. It is known that a proportion of such horses as react to mallein when first tested, subsequently cease to show even that evidence of disease having, to all appearance, overcome the infection. Beginning in 1902, it was decided in default of compensa- tion, to institute a system of carefully testing all contact horses and subsequently retesting such as reacted with a view to releasing those ceasing to react at the second or third test and destroying those in which the reaction persisted. In my reports for the years 1903 and 1904, may be seen a complete record of the work done in carrying out this policy of retesting which taxed the energies of our officers to the utmost. The results achieved, while showing a great improvement on the old methods, were in no degree commensurate with the risk and labour inseparable from such a policy especially in the newer and more sparsely settled portions of the Dominion. After a trial extending as above indicated over two years this system was found to be unworkable and far from satisfactory, inasmuch as it was shown to be practically impossible to keep reacting horses under such close observation as might offer compara- tive freedom from the risk of spreading infection. Among groups of reactors held for further tests, one or more are likely to develop clinical symptoms, thus becoming viru- lent centres of infection not only endangering the other reactors with which they are in actual contact, they being in no way immune from reinfection, but through the various indirect channels with which horsemen are familiar, threatening the health ii other animals not actually housed with them. More recently, frequent proofs have been furnished that many of even the so-called ceased reactors, can be by no means looked upon as permanently cured. Several serious outbreaks can be traced directly to such horses, and making due allowance for the possibility of reinfection from out- side sources, I may say that I am in possession of what I consider to be indisputable evidence in confirmation of the view that these animals are exceedingly dangerous. The risk attending their release is greatly increased by the tendency almost invariably shown by owners to dispose of them at the first available opportunity, when falling HEALTH OF ANIMALS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a into the hands of unsuspecting persons, they frequently introduce the disease among their new stable companions. The policy of retesting reactors having thus been fairly tried and found wanting while that of slaughtering clinical cases and ignoring contact horses had proved worse than useless, there remained the alternatives of leaving the disease alone to spread as opportunity offered, or of applying the only practical and, at the same time the only scientific remedy, namely the destruction of all horses giving a typical mallein reaction whether presenting any external manifestations of glanders or not. Having decided on the latter course, you obtained from parliament during the session of 1904, the necessary authority by an amendment to the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, and at the same time, secured the increased appropriation required for purposes of compensation. This was fixed by the Act at two-thirds of the actual value of the animal in a state of health, such value being limited in the case of ordinary horses to $150, and in the case of pure-bred horses to $300. On the principle that a horse showing clinical symptoms of glanders is not only absolutely valueless, but is a constant source of danger to all other horses as well as to its owner, his family and any other human beings who may directly or indirectly be exposed to the contagion, it was at first decided to pay no compensation for cases of this class. The order in council of September 19, 1904, which brought the new policy into force therefore contained a provision to that effect. It was soon apparent, however, that in order to secure early information as to the existence of glanders and to enable our inspectors to carry out the law without undue and dangerous friction, it would be necessary to amend the regulations so as to i)ermit of the pajrment of compensation for all animals slaughtered in accordance with the Act. This was accordingly done, and on March 25, 1905, the following regulations were put in force : — * REGULATIONS RELATING TO GLANDERS. ' By Order in Council dated 25th March, 1905, in virtue of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903." ' 1. No animal which is affected with or has been exposed to glanders shall be permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not so affected. * 2. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the meaning of the ' Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' any steamship, or steam or other vessel, or any place or premises where the contagion of glanders is known or suspected to exist. * 3. No horse, mule or ass shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed by an inspector. *4. Veterinary inspectors are hereby authorized to inspect and to subject to the mallein test any horses, mules or asses affected with glanders or suspected of being so affected or which have been in contact with animals so affected or suspected of being so affected, or which have been in any way whatsoever exposed to the contagion or infection of the disease of glanders, and for the purpose of making such inspection or test to order any such animals to be collected, detained or isolated. *5. Horses, mules or asses affected with glanders, whether such animals show clinical symptoms of the disease, or re-act to the mallein test without showing such symptoms, shall, on an order signed by a duly appointed inspector of the Department of Agriculture, be forthwith slaughtered and the carcases disposed of as in such order prescribed, compensation to be paid to the owners of such animals if and when the Act so provides. ' 6. In the event of the owner objecting to the slaughter of animals which re-act to mallein, but show no clinical symptoms of glanders, the inspector may order such animals to be kept in close quarantine and re-tested, such re-tests however in no case 15a— 2J 20 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 to exceed two in number and to be completed witbin four months of the first test, provided, however, that owners deciding to have their animals quarantined rather than slaughtered shall forfeit all right to compensation. ' 7. Horses, mules or asses re-acting to the third test with mallein shall be forth- with slaughtered on an order signed by an inspector and the carcases disposed of as ordered. ' 8. Inspectors are hereby authorized to permit owners of horses, mules or asses which give no re-action to the third test with mallein and which have at no time shown any clinical symptoms of glanders, to retain and use such animals subject to the conditions contained in the license signed by the inspector. ' 9. Before an order is made for the payment of compensation in any of the cases aforesaid, there must be produced to the Minister of Agriculture a satisfactory report, order for slaughter, certificate of valuation and slaughter, and certificate of cleansing and disinfection, all signed by an inspector. ' 10. The certificate of an inspector to the effect that an animal has re-acted to the mallein test or has shown clinical symptoms of glanders, shall, for the purpose of the said Act and of this order be prima facie evidence in all courts of justice and elsewhere of the matter certified. ' 11. Every yard, stable, outhouse or other place or premises, and every wagon, cart, carriage, car or other vehicle and every utensil or other thing infected with glanders shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense of the owner or occupier, in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector. Department of Agriculture, ' Ottawa.' ' J. G. EUTHERFORD, ' Veterinary Director General. Since the policy of compensation was adopted many outbreaks have been reported and dealt with by our inspectors. Some of these occurred in parts of the Dominion where, so far as the department was concerned, the existence of the disease had not previously been suspected. There is no doubt that, so long as a policy of slaughter without compensation was in force, the tendency of owners, and even of some veterinarians, was to conceal the existence of glanders and to dispose of the suspected animals as quickly as possible. On the other hand, it can be readily understood that the adoption of a policy of paying for slaughtered animals has encouraged owners and veterinarians to report much more freely the existence of the disease. A serious outbreak in the Saguenay district had never been reported, although the disease had been raging for a number of years, while no one ever suspected the existence of glanders to any serious extent in British Columbia, although, as our figures show, a considerable number of diseased horses have been destroyed in that province during the year just past. Again, the true state of affairs in Manitoba, as brought to light by our inspectors in that province since the work was taken over by this department from the pro- vincial authorities in February, 1905, came as a very great surprise. For twenty years the Disease of Animals Act of Manitoba was indubitably the best in the Dom- inion, and the work of dealing with glanders was supposed to have been carried on in an intelligent and systematic manner. It was not, however, the policy of the provincial authorities to destroy re-actors, clinical cases only being killed, while in some cases contact horses were tested and kept under supervision, and in others they were allowed to go without further attempt at control. The results of pursuing such a policy are very evident, as will be seen by a refer- ence to the figures accompanying this report. So far as it is possible to judge at this comparatively early date after its adop- tion, the new policy is likely to prove successful in securing the object sought, namely, the complete eradication of glanders. In those districts where the disease has been HEALTH OF ANIMlLS 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a prevalent and where people have for many years been heavy losers from its effects, the new regulations are giving great satisfaction, and intelligent horse-owners freely express their approval of the change. In other parts of the country where glanders has but recently appeared, it is sometimes claimed that there is no crying necessity for such stringent measures. The argument is advanced that the disease has existed in Canada and in other coun- tries for many years without becoming epizootic or causing a loss of horseflesh as great as that resulting from the present operations of our insi)ectors. As can easily be shown, however, this contention is not well founded. The statistics of European countries, where these are reliable, show conclusively that glanders, under modern conditions, when dealt with by the defective methods generally in use, is exceedingly difficult to control. The figures already quoted from the returns of the Board of Agri- culture of Great Britain indicate the futility of half measures. A strong effort is now being made to induce the British authorities to introduce the policy now fol- lowed in Canada as is evidenced by the following extract from a review of the report of the Board of Agriculture which appeared in the London Lancet on July 5, 1905 : — ' Glanders is admittedly on the increase, and it is time that some radical measures were taken to control the disease. In 1894 there were only 502 outbreaks reported, but in 1904 these had increased to 1,529, and 2,658 horses were killed as glandered. More power ought certainly to be given to the veterinary inspectors to test the in- contact horse with mallein, as by this agent an almost infallible diagnosis can be made within twenty-four, or at most forty-eight hours. The expense, although great the first year, would not be excessive if allowed to spread over a period of years ; and where a preventable disease, which also causes the deaths of numbers of human beings each year is concerned, the cost ought certainly not to be considered too seriously as the reason why it should not be taken thoroughly in hand.' If it is possible for glanders to extend its ravages to such a degree in a country like England, it is not difficult to understand why I have deemed it necessary to ad- vise the adoption of the policy now in operation in Canada, where the geographical and economic conditions are so much more favourable to the spread of the disease and so much less favourable to the systematic supervision of suspected cases. In localities where the nature of the disease has not been recognized, and where no intelligent efforts have been directed towards its control, the results have invari- ably been disastrous. As an instance of this, I would again refer to the experience of the Sagueuay Lumber Company, the secretary of which reports a loss by death in less than four years of upwards of fifty head of valuable horses, all of which, according to him, died of glanders. Not only did these horses die, but the whole district in which they were kept has become infected to such an extent as to render it almost an impossibility to stamp out the disease without destroying an overwhelming majority of the horses therein. There are several points in connection with the spread of glanders which must be considered in dealing with the statements made by opponents of our present policy. One of these, and perhaps the most important, is the great change which has taken place of recent years in regard to the transportation of horses from place to place. Granting that in communities, and especially farming communities where new horses, with the exception perhaps of valuable breeding stock, are but seldom introduced, immunity from glanders may be long enjoyed. I would remind you that the violent fluctuations in the value of horseflesh which have characterized the last twelve years have led to the movement of large numbers of these animals from various parts of this continent to other places, and that, by this means the disease has obtained a foot- hold in many districts where it was formerly unknown. I am satisfied that never before have conditions been so favourable for the spread of glanders as they are now, when it is possible to transport horses for thousands of miles with comparative ease and at a small fraction of the cost formerly necessary. 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Among the most dangerous and persistent agents in the dissemination of glanders and other diseases are the range horses, which during the last ten years have been shipped from the western States in large numbers to supply the temporary shortages arising from the unfortunate cessation of breeding which resulted from the depres- sion of prices in the early nineties. The mortality from the disease on the range itself is not very great, the condi- tions being favourable to its maintaining a latent form, but it soon develops when the infected animals are broken, stabled and put to work, as has been demonstrated again and again; a chain of outbreaks having frequently followed exactly the route taken by one of tae nimierous itinerant bands of bronchos imported for the purpose of being peddled to farmers. While inspection at the boundary is enforced, it is, in many cases, impossible to detect the existence of glanders without the aid of mallein. Although involving considerable inconvenience to importers, it would almost appear necessary to make provision for the testing of all horses introduced from the other side. In many states of the Union no serious attempt is made by the authorities to deal in an effective way with outbreaks of glanders, and as a result a good deal of private testing is carried on, the reactors being subsequently disposed of as soon as possible. As such horses are sold at a sacrifice, they are as a rule quickly picked up, and there is no doubt that some of them are brought into Canada either by persons ignorant as to their true condition or unscrupulous enough to run the risk of having them pass inspection at the boundary before the disease has developed sufficiently to admit of its existence being detected by ordinary methods. The dissemination of glanders in modern times is, beyond question, largely assisted through the agency of these private mallein tests conducted by unscrupulous horse owners and veterinarians. Leading authorities in London, the great hot-bed of glanders in Britain, attri- bute largely to this cause the rapid spread of the disease and the occurrence of out- breaks in the most unexpected places. The practice was rapidly coming into vogue in Canada, and is yet, I fear, practised to some extent, although reputable veterin- arians have ceased to indulge in private testing since the ' A.C.D.' Act was amended in 1903, requiring them to report all cases of contagious disease coming under their observation. The promptitude now shown by the department in sending inspectors to investi- gate all reported outbreaks has also done much to prevent private testing and attempts at the treatment of suspicious cases. AVhile realizing to the full the serious nature o"f our present operations, and the large expenditures necessary to carry them on, I cannot conscientiously, as a respon- sible official, recommend any change in the present system. To revert to the former condition of affairs would simply be to court disaster. It is true that the expenditure this year has been very large, exceeding altogether, for reasons explained above, the sum which I had considered would be sufficient, but I feel certain that the amount of money necessary will become less yearly, and that we will finally, if the work is honestly and faithfully carried out, be able to congratulate ourselves and the country on the practical eradication of what is now one of the most serious causes of loss to the Canadian owner of horse flesh. Compared with the amounts spent by other countries in stamping out diseases of animals, our expenditure is very moderate. Great Britain paid in compensation for rattle slaughtered for rinderpest, between 1865 and 1868, over $5,500,000; while the cost of eradicating pleuro-pneumonia involved an outlany in compensation alone of nearly two million dollars. To stamp out the recent outbreak of foot and mouth di- seases in New England, cost the United States Government, $1,500,000, and this expen- diture though large, was doubtless true economy in view of the recent statement of the President of the British Board of Agriculture that that disease had, since 1890, cost the farmers of Britain over $12,000,000. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a In this connection I would refer you to the ratio of decrease in the amounts ex- pended for compensation in connection with hog cholera, since the adoption of the energetic policy which has been pursued by the department since 1902. Paid in fiscal year 1901-02 $15,962 97 " " 1902-03 36,029 75 " " 1903-04 21,352 35 " " 1904-05 7,042 73 1st half of " 1905-06 839 34 These results have been achieved in spite of many complaints made by owners and dealers in hogs, who considered our policy unnecessarily severe, while many people also thought that the expenditure incurred was unjustifiable. The results, however, are such as to show that we were right, and I am confident that similar benefit will follow the consistent carrying out of the present regulations re glanders. No great victory of any kind has ever been won by following a half hearted policy. This is especially true of campaigns against contagious disease, whether of man or animala, as has already been demonstrated times without number. The following notice has been widely distributed throughout the Dominion, for the purpose of disseminating information regarding the disease and warning farmers and other horse owners as to the danger of infection and instructing them as to the best methods of dealing with horses and stables in the event of an outbreak taking place on or in proximity to their premises. NOTICE — GLANDERS. ' In districts where the existence of glanders is suspected, and especially in neighbourhoods where actual outbreaks have occurred, the adoption of the following precautions by owners of horses and others interested will do much to prevent the spread of the disease and the establishment of fresh centres of infection. * 1. Horses or mules having a nasal discharge or other suspicious symptoms should not be admitted to livery or feed stables or yards, blacksmith shops, church or school sheds, railway stock yards, private stables or other places where they are likely to come into direct or indirect contact with animals of the equine species. ' 2. All stables, yards or sheds used for the accommodation of horses or mules should be regularly and frequently cleansed and disinfected in the manner prescribed below. ' 3. After cleansing the premises thoroughly and burning all debris, the interior should be well gone over with hot steam or boiling water, adding to the latter at least one quart of crude carbolic acid to each five gallons, after which the entire surface should be thickly coated with a hot solution of fresh lime wash, to which crude car- bolic acid has been added in the above mentioned proportion. * Outbuildings, fences and tying posts with which infected animals have been in contact should also, when possible, be thoroughly treated in a similar manner. ' All ordinary harness and stable utensils, which have been in contact with in- fected animals or infected premises, should be thoroughly soaked in a hot solution oJ crude carbolic acid of a strength of one part to twenty. ' Materials which might be injured by the above treatment, such as valuable harness, robes, cushions, &c., which have been in contact with infection, should be placed in an air-tight room and fumigated with formaldehyde, after which they sliould be thoroughly cleansed. ' 4. In stables where outbreaks have occurred or where diseased animals have inadvertently or otherwise been stabled, even temporarily, the cleansing and disinfec- tion should be especially thorough, and in such cases it is safest to remove and bum feed boxes and mangers when of wood; iron articles can be rendered harmless by pass- ing them through fire or by immersing them for some time in boiling water. All litter from suspected animals should be burned or carefully fenced until used. 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ' 5. Farmers and others should, whenever possible, avoid admitting strange horses or mules to the premises occupied by their own animals especially of the same species. It is a good plan to reserve an isolated building for outside horses or mules, but where this is impossible they may be accommodated in cow stables, cattle not being subject to glanders infection. Such horses and mules should be watered from special pails, which, together with all other stable utensils used on or about them, should be care- fully cleansed and disinfected before being used for other animals. Stalls occupied by strange horses or mules should be well cleansed and disinfected and. if at all pos- sible, left unoccupied for some time. ' 6. Where new horses or mules are purchased in or from districts where glanders exists, they should, unless carefully tested with mallein prior to purchase, be stabled apart and closely watched for some time before being brought in contact with other animals of the equine species. ' 7. It must be borne in mind that while nasal discharge, or ulceration, enlarged glands, the presence of 'farcy buds, unaccountable swelling of the limbs and general unthriftiness often characterize cases of glanders, the disease exists in many animals without, for the time being, any external manifestation whatever, the only means of detection in such cases being the mallein test, and that these occult or latent cases aro in some resi)ects the most dangerous because unsuspected. Our experience shows that it is possible for animals of this class to convey infection to others without them- selves developing acute symptoms. It is therefore plain that great caution should be exercised in the purchase or handling of strange horses or mules, especially in those districts where the disease has become established. ' 8. The carcasses of animals dying from or slaughtered as being affected with pianders should, when possible, be burned, or, failing this, buried at least six feet ]>ereath the surface. ' 9. Owners of premises where outbreaks have been dealt with should bear in mind that inspectors cannot recommend release from quarantine unless disinfection has been carried out in a satisfactory manner, and that compensation for animals slaughtered cannot be paid until a certificate of cleansing and disinfection has been received by the Minister of Agriculture. ' 10. Horse owners should have no hesitation in reporting to this department, or to its inspectors, the existence of actual or suspected cases of glanders. The disease has been spreading rapidly of late years, and it is a matter of public interest that every fresh centre of infection should be discovered and dealt with as promptly as possible. ' J. G. Rutherford, ' Veterinary/ Director General. * Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, March, 1906.' Glanders Statistics for the 12 months ended 31st October, 1905. Dominion. During the year 2,113 horses were slaughtered, as hereunder shown. 259 killed on inspection. 2,113 ^ 1,583 ' 1st test. 145 2nd " 71 3rd " 23 ' 4th " 9 ' 5th " 8 6th " 3 7th « 12 ' previous ceased reactors Valued at $221,777.50, at a cost of $147,851.43. Nine hundred and thirty-two showed clinical symptoms. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Four thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine horses were tested with mallein, of which 1,854 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 1,854 reactors, 673 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during, the test. One hundred and seventy-three horses ceased to react. One hundred and eight horses are being held for retest. Quebec. 319 65 killed on inspection. 220 (C at 1st test. 16 it 2nd « 5 tl 3rd, " 8 li 4th " 3 il 5th « 2 CI previous ceased reactors Valued at $34,636.50, at a cost of $23,091.06. One hundred and eighty-seven showed clinical symptoms. Four hundred and eleven horses were tested with mallein, of which 254 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 254 reactors, 122 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or^uring, the test. In Quebec there were 16 ceased reactors of which — 5 ceased at the 2nd test. 3 " 3rd " . 5 " 4th " 2 " 5th " 1 « 7th " Sixty-one horses are still under control for retest. Of the 319 horses slaughtered in Quebec — ''23 were in Drummond and Arthabaska. 319 S 11 it Richmond and Wolfe. 24 (I Pontiac. 49 li Wright. 8 li Vaudreuil. 15 11 Lotbiniere. 5 11 Bagot. 7 11 St. Hyacinthe. 3 11 Dorchester. 8 11 Argenteuil. 2 li Laprairie and Napierville. 11 a Yamaska. 11 11 Montreal City. 7 il Richelieu. 17 11 Nicolet. 1 11 Missisquoi. 7 11 Chambly and Vercheres. 1 It Champlain. 1 11 Sherbrooke. 1 11 Bellechasse. 5 tc Beauce. 3 It Megantic. 84 it Chicoutimi and Saguenay. 5 It Three Rivers and St. Maurice 3 li Labelle. 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Ontario. 84 7 K 55 iiied on inspection, at 1st test. 3 u 2nd " 4 (( 3rd " 5 a 4th " 1 (C 5th « 2 a 7th " 7 u previous ceased reactors. ^ 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Valued at $8,509, at a cost of $5,672.50. Forty showed clinical symptoms. One hundred and eighty-one were tested with mallein, of which 77 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 77 reactors, 33 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or during, the test. Twelve horses ceased to react in Ontario, of which 2 ceased at the 3rd test. 8 " 4th " 1 " 7th " 1 " 8th " No horses are held for retest. Of the 84 horses slaughtered in Ontario — 24 were in the county of Carleton. 84 J 1 6 9 1 14 2 4 2 2 4 6' 1 1 2 2 3 Halton. Renfrew. Russell. Muskoka. Wellington. Essex. Grey. Toronto. Huron. Middlesex. Nipissing. Waterloo. Oxford. Addington. Lennox. Hastings. Ilanitaiba. C 70 killed on inspection.^ ' 661 } 571 " at 1st test. K Valued at $79,165, at cost of $52,776.67. l^ 20 " 2nd " J Two hundred and fifty-two showed clinical symptoms. One thousand one hundred and fourteen horses were tested with mallein, of which 591 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 591 reactors, 182 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or during, the test. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Of the 661 horses slaughtered in Manitoba- 147 were in the district of Marquette. 64 Brandon. 132 < Lisgar. 101 * Macdonald. 114 * Provencher 82 ' Selkirk. 21 * Winnipeg. Eight horses ceased to react in Manitoba all at the 2nd test. Two horses are being held for retest. Northwest Territories. 942 113 killed on inspection. 642 (( at 1st test. 102 (( 2nd " 61 (( 3rd " 10 11 4th " 5 li 5th « 7 ii 6th " 2 <( previous ceased reactors. Valued at $88,962, at a cost of $59,308. Four hundred and thirty-eight showed clinical symptoms. Two thousand seven hundred and fourteen horses were tested with mallein, of which 829 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 829 reactors, 325 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or during, the test. In the Northwest there were 132 ceased reactors of which — 69 ceased at the 2nd test. 40 " 3rd " 132 1 18 " 4th « [5 " 6th " Seventeen horses are still under control for retest. Of the 942 horses slaughtered — / 633 were in the Eegina and Moosejaw districts and south and east thereof. 942 127 57 64 29 32 Prince Albert and Battleford districts. Maple Creek and Medicine Hat districts. Calgary district. Macleod and Lethbridge districts. Port Saskatchewan district. r 3 killed on inspection 98 J 91 " at 1st test, 4 " 2nd " British Columbia. I Valued at $9,455, at a cost of $6,303.20. Thirty-four showed clinical symptoms. One hundred and sixty-four horses were tested with mallein, of which 95 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 95 reactors, 31 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Of the 98 horses slaughtered — f 46 were at the Pacific Coast. 98 <^ 5 " Eastern British Columbia. [ 47 " in the Okanagan Valley. Three horses ceased to react in British Columbia all at the 2nd test. Twenty-eight horses are being held for retest. 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 0 < Yukon. 1 killed on inspection. 4 " at 1st test. 1 " 3rd " 1 '•' 6th " 1 " 7th " 1 " previous ceased reactor. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ^ Valued at $1,050, at a cost of $700. One showed clinical symptoms. Fifteen horses were tested, of which 8 reacted and were destroyed, none showing clinical symptoms of glanders. Of the 9 horses killed — q j6 were killed in and around Dawson. J3 '' at Forty Mile, Y.T. Two horses ceased to react at the 2nd test. No horses are being held for retest. Glanders Statistics for the period between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. 13,807 ^ 102 killed on inspection. 1,029 ' at 1st test 231 2nd " 21 3rd " 1 7th « 1 9th « 2 ' previous ceased reactors. Valued at $162,070, at a cost of $108,045.76. Five hundred and sixty-one showed clinical symptoms of glanders. Three thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven were tested with mallein, of which 1,285 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 1,285 re-actors, 459 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Two hundred and fourteen horses are now under control for retest. One horse ceased to react. Quebec. 141 f 11 killed on inspection. A I 117 " at 1st test. | Valued at $16^30, at a cost of ] 12 " 2nd " I $11,286.45. [ 1 " 3rd " J Forty-six showed clinical symptoms. Three hundred and twenty-three horses were tested with mallein, of which 130 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 130 reactors, 35 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Five horses are being held under control for retest. One horse ceased to react at 3rd test. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Of the 141 horses slaughtered in Quebec— - 10 were in L Nicolet. 1 u Eichelieu. 10 il Megantic. 33 u Saguenay and Chicoutimi 4 ei Labelle. 16 li Yamaska. 15 a Pontiac. 9 u Montreal. 141 . 8 a Dorchester. 4 il Quebec. 4 li Vaudreuil. 7 li Montmagny. 2 11 Wright. 1 11 Three Eivers. 8 (I Drummond. 5 11 L'Islet. ^ 4 i Arthabasca. ERRATUM. Page 28 : Under heading- Bet ween I^ovember 1, 13,807 read 1,387. Glanders Statistics for the Period 1905, and March 31, 1906," for 23 were in Ottawa. 114 <^ 1 il Northumberland. 2 il Toronto. 44 a Eainy Kiver. 41 11 Perth. 3 a Addington. Manitoba. 210 20 killed on inspection. 187 " at 1st test. 1 " 2nd " 2 " 3rd " V^alued at $24,415 at a cost of $16,276.60. One hundred and thirteen showed clinical symptoms of glanders. 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 0 < Yukon. ' 1 killed on inspection. 4 " at 1st test. 1 " 3rd " 1 " 6th " 1 " Tth " 1 " previous ceased reactor. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Valued at $1,050, at a cost of $700. One showed clinical symptoms. Fifteen horses were tested, of which 8 reacted and were destroyed, none showing clinical symptoms of glanders. Of the 9 horses killed — 9 6 were killed in and around Dawson. 3 at Forty Mile, Y.T. Two horses ceased to react at the 2nd test. No horses are being held for retest. Quebec 11 killed on inspection. 141 .17 11 at Ist test. 12 C( 2nd " 1 a 3rd " Valued at $16^30, at a cost of $11,286.45. Forty-six showed clinical symptoms. Three hundred and twenty-three horses were tested with mallein, of which 130 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 130 reactors, 35 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Five horses are being held under control for retest. One horse ceased to react at 3rd test. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Of the 141 horses slaughtered in Quebec — 10 were in Nieolet. 141 J 1 a Eichelieu. 10 C( Megantic. 33 u Saguenay and Chicoutimi 4 a Labelle. 16 li Yamaska. 15 ii Pontiac. 9 a Montreal. 8 u Dorchester. 4 a Quebec. 4 a Vaudreuil. 7 a Montmagny. 2 a Wright. 1 Cl Three Rivers. 8 (I Drummond. 5 11 L'Islet. 4 i Arthabasca. Ontario. 114 2 killed on inspection. 54 " at 1st test. 53 " 2nd " 3 " 3rd " 1 " 7th " 1 " -Gth " Valued at $15,300 at a cost Y of $10,206.64. Forty showed clinical symptoms. Two hundred and nine were tested with mallein, of which one hundred and twelve reacted and were destroyed. Of the 112 reactors, 38 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Four horses are being held under control for retest. Of the 114 horses slaughtered in Ontario — 114^ 23 were in Ottawa. 1 " Northumberland. 2 " Toronto, 44 " Rainy River. 41 " Perth. 3 " Addington. Manitoba. 210^ 20 killed on inspection. 187 " at 1st test. 1 " 2nd " 2 " 3rd " Valued at $24,415 at a cost of $16,276.60. One hundred and thirteen showed clinical symptoms of glanders. 30 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Six hundred and thirty-three were tested with mallein, of which 190 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 190 reactors, 82 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Seven horses are being held for retest. Of the 210 horses slaughtered in Manitoba — ''39 were in the district of Macdonald. 210. 30 20 55 7 10 19 8 3 19 Marquette. Selkirk. Provencher. Lisgar. Brandon. Souris. Dauphin. Winnipeg. Portage la Prairie. Saskatchewan. 230 43 killed on inspection. 176 " at 1st test. 9 " 2nd " (^ 2 " previous ceased reactors.- I Valued at $27,360, at a cost of $18,239.68. One hundred and thirteen clinical symptoms of glanders. Seven hundred and eighty-eight horses were tested with mallein, of which 187 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 187 reactors, 70 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Fifty horses are being held for retest. Of the 230 horses slaughtered in Saskatchewan — 230^ 35 were in Prince Albert district 19 Battleford " 50 Eegina " 35 Moosejaw " 28 Estevan " 40 Yorkton " 17 Wood Mountain " 6 Maple Creek " Alberta. ril killed on inspection. "^ 68 J 48 " at 1st test. V \Z " 2nd " J Valued at $7,460, at a cost of $4,973.27. Forty-one showed clinical symptoms of glanders. One hundred and seventy-one horses were tested with mallein, of which 51 re- acted and were destroyed. Of the 51 reactors, 24 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. Five horses are being held for retest. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Of the sixty-eight horses slaughtered in Alberta — 6 were in the Medicine Hat district. 24 " Macleod and Lethbridge district. 68^ 19 " Calgary district. 12 " Edmonton " 7 " Eed Deer " British Columbia. 623 I 8 killed on inspection. 'l 447 " at 1st test. 153 " 2nd " / 16 " 3rd " Valued at $70,595, at a cost of $47,063.12. Two hundred and eighteen showed clinical symptoms of glanders. Eighteen hundred and thirty-three horses were tested with mallein, of which 615 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 615 reactors, 210 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test. One hundred and forty-three horses being held under control for retest. Of the 623 horses slaughtered in British Columbia, r 192 were at the Pacific coast. 623 -i 46 were in eastern British Columbia. I 385 were in the Okanagan valley. Yukon. One horse killed on inspection in the Dawson district; no compensation paid. PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE. I am glad to be able to report that the results of the investigation into the nature and causes of Pictou cattle disease, which was begun at Antigonish in October, 1903, have been stifficiently definite to warrant me in recommending the removal of this malady from the list of those coming under the operation of the Animal Con- tagious Diseases Act. For upwards of twenty years it has been the policy of the department to order the slaughter of affected animals and to pay compensation for them, as also to insist on the disinfection of the buildings in which they had been kept. During the whole of this time, and in fact for many years previous, the more intelligent residents of the district in which the disease prevails have been of the opinion that it is not only non-contagious, but that its prevalence is due to or con- nected in some way with the weed known as Senecio Jacobsea or ragwort, locally known as ' Stinking Willie.' Evidence existed to show that the disease was unknown until the weed in question was accidentally introduced with ballast brought from Scotland to the town of Pictou some fifty years ago. Once established the plant spread gradually through the surrounding country, extending, however, owing to the prevailing winds, the seed being light and easily carried by their agency, to a much further distance eastward than westward of its original starting point. Shortly afterwards the disease made its appearance, and although some years elapsed before any suspicion as to the weed being its cause was aroused, it was at last noted as a peculiar coincidence that only the cattle kept in the weedy area were affected. As 32 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 time passed it was further observed that the mere presence of the plant in a district was not apparently sufficient to produce the affection, but that it was only after it had obtained a firm foothold in the pastures and meadows that the disease began to make its appearance. About the year 1882, an attempt at investigation was made and some experiments were undertaken with a view to ascertaining whether or not there was any foundation for the popular belief as to the connection between the weed and the disease, which by this time, had been recognized as a i)eculiar and almost specific cirrhosis of the liver. Unfortunately, however, these experiments were unsuccessful in throwing any new light on the subject, with the result that Pictou cattle disease was declared to be contagious, and the policy of slaughter and compensation above referred to brought into force. From time to time in after years the subject was investigated by Dr. William Osier, Dr. Adami, the late Dr. Wyatt Johnston and other skilled pathologists, but invariably with negative results so far at least as concerned the establishment of any definite and intelligent theory as to its true nature and causes. During the whole of this time close observers in the affected district were becom- ing each year more strongly convinced that ragwort and that alone was responsible. Many of these men, although receiving little encouragement to do so, took steps to eradicate the plant from their farms and to induce their neighbours to do likewise, with the result that their animals remained unaffected, while those kept on weedy farms sickened and died. These conditions were especially noticeable when, in addi- tion to keeping the weed down in the pastures, care was taken to remove it from the hay fed during the winter. It was also observed that in years when scarcity of hay necessitated wintering cattle on straw, animals so treated seemed to be immune. In the light of our recent experiments it seems almost incredible that these and similar facts did not sooner force a full recognition of the true situation, which would have undoubtedly been the means of inaugurating a campaign of extermination against the weed at a time when such a task would have been much less difficult than now. For some years Dr. Gilruth, chief veterinarian and bacteriologist to the govern- ment of New Zealand, devoted considerable attention to a peculiar hepatic cirrhosis known in that colony a? Winton disease, and from which, up to 1901 and these in one locality only, horses had appeared to suffer to a greater extent than either cattle or sheep. Dr. Gilruth initiated some experiments and finally reached the conclusion, without doubt well justified, that the trouble was entirely due to the ingestion of rag- wort. His experiments, while convincing, were not, owing to apparently unavoidable circumstances, conclusive, although strengthened by corroborative evidence from Cape Colony, where a like disease has been traced by Mr. W. H. Chase, government veteri- narian, to the agency of another plant of the same species Senecio Burchelli. For the above and other apparent reasons, such as the different climatic, econo- mic and dietetic conditions and the lack of absolute proof of the identity of Pictou cattle disease with the hepatic cirrhosis of the Antipodes, his decision could not, with propriety, have been accepted by this department as the basis for a complete change of policy even had it been made public before the inauguration of our own experi- mental work at Antigonish in 1903. The latter has been very interesting and its results are convincingly corroborative of the views of those who have consistently held to the ragwort theory. My last report contained a full account of what had been done during the year preceding October 31, 1904, together with our findings up to that date, but in order to make the case perfectly clear, I think it best to recapitulate the main points before proceeding to deal with the intervening period. In October, 1903, I, with your approval, leased, for experimental purposes, a farm of 200 acres at Cloverville, county of Antigonish, Nova Scotia. This farm is, of course, situated within the ragwort area, but is further well known as one on which the disease in former years frequently made its appearance. Thirty-four cattle were purchased, four of which had been raised on the premises, the remainder being secured HEALTH OF ANIMALS 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a from districts in which there is no ragwort. Sixteen head, including the four natives, were placed in an old stable on the premises, in which, at different times, thirty-six cattle had died from hepatic cirrhosis. They were fed entirely on food imported from Quebec. Four were given a liberal allowance of sound hay with a full grain ration, four a liberal allowance of hay with a smaller grain ration, four a liberal allowance of hay without grain, and four a limited allowance of hay only. The other eighteen head were placed in an entirely new stable erected at a con- siderable distance from the old buildings. Sixteen of these were divided into quartettes and fed in exactly the same way as above mentioned, except that the hay given to them, being secured in the neighbourhood, contained a considerable quantity of ragwort. The remaining two cattle were housed together in a separate compartment of the new stable, one being fed on chopped ragwort and the other on oat straw, a small ration of bran being given to each. The progress of the experiments up till October 31st, 1904, was described in my report of that date, but in view of the remarkable results obtained, and of all the cir- cumstances in connection with the case, I have thought it best to make the present statement complete in itself. Leaving out details which are fully dealt with in the exhaustive reports furnished by Dr. Pethick, which are printed herewith, I may state that all the 16 cattle kept in the old and supposedly infected stable, and fed on imported hay, which was, of course, free from ragwort, remained perfectly healthy for the entire period of 23 months, dur- ing which the experiments were in progress, although in the summer of 1905, eight of these cattle were kept in a weed infested pasture in which 14 animals had died of hepatic cirrhosis in the short space of five months. Several of these animals had also been placed from time to time in close and continued contact with diseased animals, with a view to ascertaining whether or not the disease was transmissible in this way. During the summer of 1905, also, ten of these animals were inoculated in various ways, either with blood or abdominal ascitic fluid taken from an animal affected with Pictou cattle disease, to such an extent that Dr. Higgins, our pathologist, reported the cirrhotic lesions of the liver to be more extensive than in any of the others which he had examined. In spite of these severe tests, the animals continued to thrive, and when I last saw them in September, 1905, were in excellent condition, those which had been fed grain presenting a remarkably fine appearance. Thirteen of these cattle were slaughtered between October 10th and November 1st, under the careful inspec- tion of Dr. Pethick, as well as of several experienced butchers, all organs being found healthy and the flesh of superior quality. Specimens from the different organs were also forwarded to the laboratory here, and pronounced by our pathologist to be abso- lutely free from disease. The other three animals, being pregnant cows, were allowed to live, and, according to latest reports, are in excellent condition, and in full flow of milk, after having given birth to healthy calves. Of the 16 animals which were kept in the new stable and fed upon local hay which contained a considerable quantity of ragwort, 15 died of Pictou cattle disease between July 19th, 1904, and August 21st, 1905. I may add that to prevent the possibility of doubt as to the cause of death in these animals specimens from the internal organs of each were forwarded to Dr. Higgins, who verified the diagnosis in every case. The sixteenth animal. No. 12 of Dr. Pethick's report, was slaughtered on October 13th, 1905, and although to all external appearances healthy, the pathological examination of the organs showed a slight affection of the liver, and the presence of several charac- teristic ulcers on the lining of the true stomach. Of the two other animals mentioned above, one of which was fed on chopped rag- wort, and the other on oat straw, each receiving a small allowance of bran, the former died of acute hepatic cirrhosis on July 22nd, 1904, while the latter remained healthy during the entire test, and,. when slaughtered on October 24th, 1905, was found to be absolutely free from the slightest appearance of disease. 15a— 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 A calf six months old, born on the premises, was fed twice daily upon a mixture of one part of ragwort before flowering, and twenty parts of clean hay, reinforced by a daily ration of two pounds of fresh oats. This experiment, which was undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining if the weed would produce the disease at this stage of its growth, began on December 1st, 1904. The calf died on May 26th, 1905, post mortem and pathological examinations revealing an advanced stage of hepatic cirrhosis. The contact and inoculation experiments which are described in full detail in Dr. Pethick's report were absolutely without result, it being evidently practically impossible to trans- mit the disease from one animal to another. In view of the results of these practical experiments, which have been carried on with the greatest possible care and exactitude, there need, I think, be no longer any doubt as to the cause of Pictou cattle disease, and I have, therefore, already recom- mended that it be removed at once from the list of affections dealt with under tha Animal Contagious Diseases Act. While subsidiary experiments conducted by Dr. Pethick show that some benefit undoubtedly results, especially in incipient cases, from the strychnine and iron treat- ment described by him in a previous report, measures of this kind are of little real value. The efforts of the local authorities and the stock owners in the affected district should at once be directed towards the eradication of the plant, which is un- doubtedly the cause of the whole trouble. Owing to the topographical and other conditions existing in the district, it will be quite impossible to get rid of the weed by cultivation, although, on arable land, much can of course be achieved by this means. There is, however, much rough and partially wooded country, most of which is badly infested with ragwort, to eradicate which by any ordinary methods will be practically impossible. It has long been noted by intelligent residents that sheep seem to be able to eat the weed with impunity, although some hold that after a considerable period injurious effects are produced, which, if the diet is continued, eventually cause death. It is also held that, even. where the plant does not prove fatal, the mutton is rendered un- marketable by a yellow staining, which after a time becomes distinctly noticeable. As to one fact there is, however, no doubt, viz., that the keeping of sheep on land infested with ragwort is one of the most certain means of bringing about its com- plete eradication in a short time. This being the case, and in view of all the circum- stances, I decided to inaugurate a series of experiments for the purpose of ascer- taining whether or not sheep could profitably be utilized for this purpose. I there- fore, early in 1905, authorized Dr. Pethick to purchase four sheep, which were kept during the summer on four acres of very weedy pasture, with the result as shown by the accompanying picture, of completely destroying the ragwort which formerly grew in profusion. So far, these animals have shown no symptoms of disease. Several other sheep were purchased a little later for the purpose of ascertaining at what stage, if any, the tissues began to exhibit the yellow stain to which reference has already been made. These animals have been slaughtered at intervals, and the flesh carefully examined, but no abnormal apppearance has been so far observed. The lease of the premises being for three years, I determined, with your permis- sion, upon the conclusion of the experiments with cattle, to purchase a number of sheep, with a view to securing definite information on the points mentioned, above. If it can be shown that sheep eat ragwort with impunity, and that no deleterious effects are produced upon the mutton, it goes without saying that they will constitute by far the most practical and profitable agency which can be used by the residents of the affected district in ridding their farms of this dangerous pest. The country in which the weed is found is one exceedingly well adapted for sheep culture, and I am convinced that the introduction to the district of this branch of husbandry at the present time, when both wool and mutton are increasing, and likely to increase in price, will prove highly profitable. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a As stated above, there is much rough pasture, while the arable land has, in many cases, been seriously impoverished by the crude methods of cultivation in vogue, and would be at once enriched and improved by the keeping thereon of a reasonable number of sheep. I therefore authorized the purchase, in November last, of forty sheep, which were divided into two lots, one score being fed during the winter on weedy hay, while the others were fed upon hay grown in the district but from which all ragwort had been carefully removed. Eight goats were also purchased, four being placed with each lot of sheep. These animals have all wintered well, and it is my intention, as soon as pasture becomes available, to subdivide them again, keeping ten sheep and two goats of each lot on clean pasture, and a similar number on pasture badly infested with ragwort. By this means it ought to be possible to ascertain with a reasonable degree of certainty what are the actual effects of ragwort upon sheep, as well as to a certain extent also upon goats. It might perhaps be advisable to continue this experiment even longer than is proposed, but I am in hope that by the close of the present season we will be in a posi- tion to give definite and reliable advice as to the utilization of these animals in stamp- ing out ragwort, and with it the long dreaded Pictou cattle disease. Concurrently with the above an exi)eriment is being carried on with the view of fixing even more certainly upon ragwort the responsibility of causing hepatic cirr- hosis. Three healthy young cows have been since November 1, 1905, fed on locally grown hay from which all weed has been removed, "while three others are fed on sim- ilar fodder containing the ordinary quantity of ragwort usually produced in the meadows of the neighbourhood. In January last also a disabled mare of little value was purchased, and is being fed twice a day on hay containing a large quantity of ragwort chopped fine and carefully mixed. This ex]Deriment is controlled by feeding a horse kept at the station on hay from which the weed has been entirely removed. Pictou Cattle Disease Statistics for the 12 months ended 31st Octoher, 1905. Ninety-four animals valued at $2,085 were slaughtered at a cost of $1,390. Pictou Cattle Disease Statistics for the 5 months ended Slst March, 1906. Forty-seven animals valued at $1,143 were slaughtered, at a cost of $762. MANGE IN CATTLE. It gives me much pleasure to be able to report a great improvement in the situa- tion so far as concerns this troublesome malady which has existed among our range cattle to a greater or less extent for the past sixteen years. Shortly after my acces- sion to office in 1902, I made it a point to be present at the annual meeting of th.3 Western Stock-Growers' Association, which was that year, held at Macleod. After a full discussion it was decided to leave the matter of treatment in the hands of the cattle owners with the understanding that the services of our inspectors would be avail- able in the event of it becoming necessary to deal with the animals of negligent or obdurate individuals. It appeared for a time that this method would be productive of good results, but the extreme prevalence of the disease during the winter 1903-04, together with other untoward circumstances showed the necessity for some sterner and more effective policy than had yet been inaugurated. Realizing the importanc-j of securing the support and co-operation of the cattle owners, I held during the spring of 1904, a series of meetings at the principal centres within the infected area. At these meetings the whole subject was discussed in detail, with the result that it was finally decided to introduce a policy of compulsory and systematic dipping which should 15a— 3J 36 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 extend to all cattle owned within the somewhat extensive district where the disease was known to exist. The order thus suggested was issued on August 9, 1904, and called for the treatment according to certain specified conditions of all cattle within a definite area between 1st September and 31st October of that year. About the same time a comprehensive bulletin containing much information regarding mange and its treatment together with plans and specifications for the construction of dipping vats was prepared and distributed. The results were very gratifying. Dipping plants were constructed in almost every locality some being provided by individual owners while others were started by groups of small ranchers who combined their forces for that purpose. In four months the number of these establishments increased from two, and these both out of repair, to 196, which, almost without exception, were found to work smoothly as well as effectively. As a matter of fact upwards of 400,000 cattle were subjected to treatment during the time that the order was in force. The great majority of the owners were only too glad to comply with its provisions, although a number failed to do so with the result that their cattle and premises were placed under strict quarantine until the advent of Spring, when only, it became possible to subject them to treatment. The benefits of the new policy were soon fully apparent in the freedom from mange and generally improved condition of the cattle. The following extract from the last annual report of the Western Stock-Growers' Association, which was unanimously adopted at the annual meeting of that body held at Medicine Hat on May 11th, 1905, speaks for itself: ' At the last annual meeting the principal topic of discussion was the measures that were necessary to be taken to prevent the further spread of cattle mange. It had come to be recognized that the existence of this contagious disease amongst the cattle throughout a widespread area was a potent fact that could not be disregarded any longer. Dr. Rutherford, on behalf of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, had made a few weeks previous to our last annual meeting a tour of the range country through which a series of meetings was held, his object being partly, no doubt, to edu- cate those interested as to the serious nature of the conditions, and partly to obtain at first hand the ideas of the ranchmen themselves. The consequence was that at the annual meeting itself all were in a position to discuss the matter intelligently. The upshot of the discussion was, as most of you are aware, that the association recom- mended to the government that the compulsory dipping of all cattle within the affected area should be insisted upon. In due course an Order in Council was issued provid- ing for this. The responsibilities thus thrown upon the stock-growers were heavy. Tanks had to be built, heating apparatus installed, sulphur purchased, extra men em- ployed, and valuable time interfered with, while the organization necessary in connec- tion required much consideration. Difficulties, in fact were many and delays numer- ous, but in spite of it all dipping was fairly general. There were a few isolated in- stances where no attempt was made to thoroughly carry out the regulations. As to the results there can be no two answers. It was an unqualified success. Mange has practically disappeared in those districts where the dipping was given a thorough trial. So satisfactory did the Executive Committee consider the results, that at a meeting held on 9th March last, the following memorial was addressed to the Dominion Government : ' That this meeting of the Executive Committee of the Western Stock-Growers' Association desire to put on record their satisfaction at the undoubted success resulting from the mange dipping operations of last fall, and to heartily endorse the action of Dr. Rutherford, who was instrumental in having the dipping regulations put in force. This committee is of the opinion that it is highly desirable and necessary that universal dipping should be again obligatory throughout the same district during the coming season. ' The whole country is now well equipped with dipping tanks, there being no less than 196 in existence, and future dipping operations should be simple compared with last year, when everything had to be bought and tested, and when all were unfamiliar with the proposition.' • HEALTH OF ANIMALS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ] ' ^^ Steps were at once taken to meet the wishes of the owners, and the following order on lines similar to that of the previous year and differing from it only in re- gard to certain comparatively unimportant details was issued on July 10, 1905 : — Department of Agriculture. Health of Animals Branch. MANGE. By Orders in Council dated July 10, 1905, and June 27, 1904. ' Whereas the disease of mange exists among cattle throughout those portions of the territories of Assiniboia and Alberta which may be described as bounded by the international boundary, the Koeky Mountains and a line drawn as follows : — ' A line from the Rocky Mountains along the southeastern boundary of the Stoney Indian reserve, then along the northeastern boundary of the said reserve to the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway, thence easterly along the said line of railway to the line between ranges 5 and 6, west iof the 5th meridian, thence north along that line to the line between townships 28 and 29, thence east along that line to the line of the Calgary and Edmonton railway, thence north along the Calgary and Edmonton railway to the line between townships 30 and 31, thence east along that line to the line between ranges 26 and 27 west of the 4th principal meridian, thence north along that line to the line between townships 34 and 35, thence east along that line to the Red Deer river, thence north along the Red Deer river to the line between townships 38 and 39, thence east along that line to the 4th principal meridian, thence south along the 4th principal meridian to the Red Deer river, thence along the Red Deer and Saskatchewan rivers to the line between ranges 7 and 8 west of the 3rd meridian, thence south along that line to the international boundary line. ' And whereas it is of the greatest importance to the interests of stock owners and to the preservation of a profitable market for western cattle that the policy adopted last year (1904) with a view to the eradication of the disease iu question should be continued. ' That after careful inquiry and due consideration it has been decided that the period between August 15 and October 31 is the most suitable and convenient for treatment with the above object. ' Therefore the Governor General in Council, in virtue of the provisions of section 29, chap. 11, 3 Edward VII., intituled " An Act respecting Infectious or Contagious Diseases affecting Animals," is pleased to order that the above described tract of land shall be, and the same is hereby declared an infected place, and that all persons own- ing or being in charge of cattle within the above described tract must, during the said period, dip or otherwise treat such cattle in a manner satisfactory to the officers of the Department of Agriculture, provision being made that where it can be clearly shown to the satisfaction of the said officers that cattle, kept under fence in any well defined area or district within the said tract, are not affected with, and have not been in any way exposed to, the contagion of mange, or have been, during the present sea- son, treated in a satisfactory manner and subsequently kept isolated from all other cattle, the veterinary director general may, on the facts being reported to him, ex- empt such area or district from such compulsory treatment, but this provision shall in no case apply to cattle kept on the open range, or on unfenced land. ' Satisfactory treatment shall consist of immersion for not less than two minutes in a solution of lime and sulphur of a strength of not less than 10 pounds of lime and 24 pounds of sulphur to 100 gallons of water prepared according to the direc- tions of the officers of the Department of Agriculture. ' When approved by the inspector in charge of the district in which the cattle to be dealt with are kept, persons owning or controlling herds of not more than thirty head may be x>ermitted to treat their animals by hand, in which case the following preparation shall be used: — 38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ' Sulphur 2 pounds Oil of tar 8 ounces Raw linseed oil 1 gallon ' In either case the fluid shall be applied at a temperature of not less than 105° nor more than 110° Fahrenheit, and the treatment shall be repeated after an interval of not less than ten nor more than fifteen days. ' In the event of any owner failing to treat or to make satisfactory preparation for the treatment of his cattle on or before October 15, the provisions of the Order in Council dated June 27, 1904, regarding compulsory treatment as quoted below, shall be enforced. ' The Governor General in Council is further pleased to order that no cattle shall be removed or be allowed to move out of the hereinbefore described tract unless they are accompanied by the certificate of an inspector of the Department of Agriculture stating that they have been examined by him and found free from contagion of mange. Any such cattle, however, shall, if deemed advisable by the inspector, be detained, dipped, sprayed or otherwise treated in such manner as the veterinary direc- tor general may, from time to time, prescribe. ' No railway company shall accept or load any shipment of cattle at any point within the said tract except for immediate slaughter as hereinafter provided unless such shipment is accompanied by the certificate of an inspector. ' At points where cattle originating in the said district are unloaded they shall be placed in special yards, and such yards shall be used for no other purpose, and shall be cleansed and disinfected when so ordered by an inspector. ' All cars and other vehicles used for the carriage of such cattle shall be cleansed and disinfected to the satisfaction of an inspector as soon as possible after being un- loaded and before being used for any other shipment. ' All way bills and bills of lading accompanying shipments of cattle originating within the said tract shall have plainly written or stamped across the face thereof a notification that the said cars are to be cleansed and disinfected immediately after being unloaded. ' Cattle affected with, or which have been exposed to the contagion of mange, may be shippped for immediate slaughter to points within the above described tract under the following condition: — ' (1) Unless loaded through special yards and chutes reserved exclusively for such shipments, all yards and chutes used by them shall be declared infected places, and shall not be again used for the shipment of healthy stock until cleansed and disin- fected to the satisfaction of the inspector; they shall not be allowed to come in con- tact with other animals; they shall be consigned direct only to such slaughter houses within the hereinbefore described tract as are provided with private yards and chutes; shall not be unloaded at any point en route and shall under no pretext whatever be removed alive from the slaughter house or the yards and premises immediately con- nected therewith. ' (2) Cars conveying such cattle shall be cleansed and disinfected to the satisfac- tion of an inspector immediately after being unloaded. ' That the transit of cattle through the said tract is permitted subject to the fol- lowing regulations: — ' (1) Cattle for transit by rail through the said tract from one part of Canada to another shall, at points where unloading is necessary, be placed in yards reserved for their exclusive use, and shall not be permitted to come in contact with cattle which have originated within the said tract. ' (2) Cattle imported from the United States into the said tract destined for points in Canada outside thereof may, under compliance with the quarantine regula- tions, and with the provisions of the next preceding section hereof, be permitted to HEALTH OF ANIMALS 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a pass without unnecessary delay through the said tract direct to their destination with- out further restriction. ' Every veterinary inspector, and every person duly authorized by a veterinary inspector, shall have full power to order animals affected or suspected of being affected with mange to be collected for inspection, and, when necessary, to be detained, iso- lated or treated in accordance with the instructions of the veterinary director general. ' The expenses of and incidental to such collection, isolation and treatment shall be borne by the owners of the animals, and if advanced by the inspector or other authorized person shall, until paid, be a charge upon the said animals, without preju- dice however to the recovery of any penalty for the infringement of these regulations. ' If such expenses are not paid within twenty days of the time when they have been incurred, the inspector or other duly authorized person may proceed to sell the said animals by public auction after giving to the owner ten days' notice in writing of such intention to sell, which notice may be effectually given, where the owner is known, by delivering the same to him personally or by sending it by mail addressed to him at his last known place of residence. Where the owner is unknown, such notice may be effectually given by publication in one issue of a newspaper published or circulating in the district where such animals are detained. The proceeds of such sale shall be applied first in payment of the reasonable expenses of the collection, iso- lation, treatment, giving of notice and conduct of sale, and the balance, if any, shall be paid to the owner of said animals on demand. Any balance not so paid shall be remitted to the minister, and if not claimed within twelve months from the date of sale shall be paid to the credit of the Receiver General. ' The amount charged for the treatment of stray cattle, or of cattle whose owners neglect or refuse to comply with the above orders, so far as they refer to treatment, shall in no case exceed twenty-five cents per animal for each dipping or application, provided that where it is necessary to collect such animals and to hold them for the second dipping or application, an additional sum of one dollar per animal may be collected. ' The department assumes no responsibility for injury or loss to cattle incurred through compliance with the provisions of these orders as regards treatment. ' All persons engaged in breeding, exporting, dealing in, driving or shipping cattle, and all transportation companies, are requested to co-operate with this depart- ment in enforcing the above provisions. ' Outbreaks occurring outside of the area defined above will be dealt with under the general order in council dated June 27, 1904. * J. G. Rutherford, ' Health of Animals Branch, ' Veterinary Director General. 'Department of Agriculture, ' Ottawa, July 11, 1905.' The same system was followed in its enforcement, the territory being "divided into thirteen districts, each in charge of a qualified veterinary inspector having under his supervision a sufiicient number of deputies to permit of the work of treatment being closely watched and so kept up to the standards provided for by the order. For reasons explained fully in my last report the use of a standard lime and sulphur dip was again made compulsory, the only exception to this rule being at the vat of Mr. John Lineham who obtained special authority to use crude petroleum from one of the new Alberta wells. Mr. Lineham was very anxious to have an opportunity of testing the efficacy of this oil as a cure for mange owing to the fact that certain crude oils from the Beaumont fields in Texas are being used with good effect in the treatment of mange as well as in the destruction of ticks. The oil dipping was in this instance permitted on condition that the owners assumed all risk of injury or death to the animals dipped, a very necessary precaution in view of the untoward results following the use of some kinds of crude oil in experiments conducted by the American 40 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 authorities. As an additional precaution and with the purpose of securing reliable information for our future guidance, a qualified veterinary inspector was detailed to watch the dipping at Mr. Lineham's vat. His report states that, while the oil was not in any way injurious to the cattle ,it failed to cure several out of a number of affected animals which were subjected to this treatment. This is regrettable as the use of oil is much less troublesome and laborious than that of the lime and sulphur preparation. One application of the Beaumont oil above-mentioned at an ordinary temperature ie generally efiicacious; on the other hand the lime and sulphur dip has not only to be maintained at a high temperature, but, in order to effect a certain cure, should be applied a second time after an interval of ten or twelve days. The latter limitation is a very serious one as may be readily seen when the difficulty and inconvenience of holding large herds for the second dipping are taken into consideration. While in Texas recently, I made full inquiry as to the special oil above referred to, and am now arranging to bring in a limited quantity for experimental pi;rposes, although I fear that the combined burdens of freight and duty will render it too expensive for ordin- ary use. The order of 1905 was enforced even more thoroughly and generally than that of 1904, and its results have been, in a corresponding degree, more satisfactory. Five hundred and forty-seven thousand seven hundred and five cattle were sub- mitted to treatment, 422,805 having been dipped a second time. In a country of such extent, however, the difficulties connected with the enforcement of an order for uni- versal and compulsory treatment are almost insuperable and therefore, with the object of avoiding, if possible, the necessity of repeating it this year, I retained the services of a number of experienced cattle men, who have, during the past winter, been riding the range for the purpose of detecting any incipient cases of mange and arranging with owners for their immediate isolation and treatment. These men furnish regular reports which indicate that, while the disease is not yet entirely stamped out, the results of our efforts during the past two seasons are highly satisfactory and that by the exercise of close and careful attention it will be possible in the near future to effect its complete eradication. I am satisfied that with the experience which they have now gained of the benefits resulting from intelligent and systematic methods of treatment, owners wiU never again permit their cattle to suffer from mange as they have done in the past, especi- ally as by the erection of dipping plants they have now at hand the means of dealing with the disease in an economical and effective manner. Many ranchers who were at first strongly opposed to dipping are now among its most enthusiastic advocates having found that it adds greatly to the thrift of stock, even when free from mange, by ridding them of lice and other injurious parasites. A remark frequently heard now- adays in the range country is that " A good vat is better than a big hay stack,' and numbers of cattle men have assured me personally that they will dip their stock at least once a year whether the department orders them to do so or not. Another great advantage resulting from the present policy is that whereas it was formerly a matter of great difficulty to secure information as to the existence of mange in a district or the ownership of affected cattle, it is now the business of every man who has gone to the trouble and expense of treatment, to see that diseased animals are properly and promptly dealt with. This very natural tendency towards self protection is rapidly developing into a general public sentiment of the greatest value to our officers in enabling them to get early information as to the whereabouts of infected or suspected animals, as also in enforcing quarantine when such action is found necessary. I cannot leave this subject without a reference to the very unfair manner in which the British agricultural press has attempted, during the recent controversy on the removal of the restrictions against Canadian cattle, to create a prejudice regarding our stock because of the existence in this one district of a simple, and under ordinary conditions, easily treated skin affection. Psoroptic mange of cattle is well known in HEALTH OF ANIMALS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Great Britain and any one posing as an authority on live stock matters who refers to it as a malady likely to inflict serious loss or injury on the cattle industry of that country is deficient in ordinary intelligence or, what is more likely in this particular instance, common honesty. It is a disease which yields readily to simple treatment, being in fact very much more easily cured than the troublesome ringworm with which British and especially Irish cattle are so often affected. On ordinary farms and among domestic cattle properly handled its appearance causes to the intelligent owner neither alarm nor loss, though it may induce in him, as in the affected animal, a slight, temporary sensation of annoyance. If the conditions in Alberta were similar to those in Britain or in our older provinces the existence of cattle mange would be of very little importance either to the owners or to the authorities, but among thousands of semi-wild cattle ranging without* restriction over hundreds of miles of open country and depending for their sustenance during the whole year on grass alone, it is an entirely different matter, and one which can only be dealt with by special measures. Opponents of Canadian cattle in Britain, both in the press and on the platform, have quoted the figures given in my last year's report of the number of cattle treated as if they referred to animals actually affected, although the facts are so apparent that a wayfaring man, though a fool, should be able to comprehend them. As a matter of fact not more than five per cent of those treated were showing any evidence of disease, the dipping being made compulsory and universal as a general preventive measure, having in view the possibility of future infection through unrestricted contact on the open range. Again much was made of the statement that a number of animals were dipped a second time. Although the accompanying text of the report showed that this also was universal, and that at the date of writing only a certain number had undergone the second treatment, it was sought to convey the impression that these animals were so dealt with because badly affected when in all likelihood the most astute British protectionist would have been unable to fin.d a single acarus in the lot. Every possible precaution is taken to prevent the shipment of any animal in the slightest degree affected. Cattle intended for export are submitted to a rigid veter- inary inspection on leaving the district, are again carefully examined at Winnipeg, and finally pass through the hands of our experienced and reliable staff of export inspectors before they are permitted to leave the Dominion. Cattle Mange Statistics for the 12 months ended 31st October, 1905. In the Xorthwest 99 bands of cattle were quarantined, involving the control of 16,266 cattle. In Ontario 180 were quarantined at Prescott, several being detected as mangy. In Quebec 1 animal was detected and 9 quarantined in consequence. Mange Dipping, 1905. District Xo. 1st Dip. 2nd Dip. 1 67,517 35,208 2 53,372 52,890 3 7,814 3,179 4 14,744 6,160 5 56,354 41,834 6 31,519 18,801 7 52,829 47,921 8 , 29,411 24,575 10 66,083 65,354 11 57,403 41,341 12 54,878 50,753 13 21,916 20,582 14 33,865 14,207 547,705 422,805 42 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTVRE , 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Cattle Mange Statistics for the 5 months ended Slst March, 1906. In the Northwest 53 bands of cattle were quarantined, involving the control of 21,069 cattle. MALADIE DU COIT. It is somewhat difficult to make a definite report with regard to this disease, as owing to its exceedingly insidious nature and the difficulty of diagnosis in the earlier stages, it is possible for it to exist undetected for a considerable time in districts where its presence is altogether unsuspected. As stated in my last report, the presence of maladie du coit in Canada was first discovered in March, 1904, when Inspector Burnett, chief veterinary officer of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, reported its existence in a stallion and several mares, the property of Mr. W. T. McCaugherty, residing near Lethbridge. In the course of the investigation, which was immediately thereafter inaugurated, I decided, in order to eliminate any doubt as to the nature of the disease, to ask Dr. Salmon, then Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, to be good enough to instruct one of his inspectors familiar with maladie du coit to visit Leth- bridge for the purpose of examining the suspected animals. In response to this request. Dr. Salmon dispatched to the scene Dr. E. T. Davison, of Rushville, Ne- braska, an experienced inspector, to whom had been entrusted the work of dealing with maladie du coit, in South Dakota and other western states. Dr. Davison had no hesitation in confirming my diagnosis of maladie du coit and so reported to Dr. Salmon under date May 14, 1904. The identity of the disease having been thus established, it remained for the de- partment to decide upon the adoption of a definite policy, having in view its early and effective eradication, Maladie du coit, or dourine, is a remarkable disease, inasmuch as while it has been the subject of research and investigation for upwards of a century, scientists have not yet been able to agree as to its true nature or the best means of dealing with it. As an indigenous disease in Asia and northern Africa, it appears, in these coun- tries, to run a definite course, which as a rule terminates fatally after the lapse of a period of from three months to three years. In Europe, however, and also in America, its behaviour is much more uncertain and irregular, a feature which, while perhaps not without its advantages in indivi- dual cases, tends to complicate and render more difficult the task of dealing with it in a prompt and effective manner. Owing to the fact that at the time the existence of the disease was discovered in Alberta, there was no provision for the payment of compensation to owners whose horses might have been slaughtered, I thought it best to establish a quarantine sta- tion in which the suspected animals might be detained under observation, with a view to the destruction of those which might prove to be undoubtedly affected. This was accordingly done, and in this station were placed the diseased animals discovered in the first instance, together with a number of others picked up during the summer of 1904 by inspectors specially engaged for that purpose. A few small lots were also quarantined on the premises of their owners. On making a second inspection of the suspected animals in the early fall, I was surprised to find that the disease had not developed to any serious extent, even among some of the cases which were most clearly marked in the previous spring. . Being anxious to give the suspects the benefit of any possible doubt, and being also desirous of acquiring as much information as possible as to the behaviour of the disease in what was to it an entirely new habitat, I decided, instead of slaughtering any of these HEALTH OF ANIMALS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a cases, to keep them under observation for a further period, and arrangements were therefore made to continue the quarantine throughout the winter. In May, 1905, I again visited Lethbridge, accompanied on this occasion by Dr. Burnett, chief veterinary officer of the Eoyal Northwest Mounted Police, Dr. Har- grave, of Medicine Hat, Dr. Warnock, of Pincher Creek, Dr. Higgins, our pathologist, as well as several other inspectors of the department. On making an examination, it was found that in a considerable number of the quarantined mares the disease had made marked progress, while in others but little change from the conditions shown on previous occasions was noticeable, although the number of those unquestionably free from disease was very small indeed. Several cf those in which the symptoms were well marked were slaughtered, the post mortem examination held in each case showing clearly that the animals were undoubtedly affected with maladie du coit. Proceeding cautiously, and making a careful autoj^y on each animal as it was killed, some 116 head were destroyed. A considerable number, however, in which the symptoms were not sufficiently well defined to justify me in ordering their slaughter, were quarantined, some at the station and others on the premises of their various owners. Three of our inspectors, namely, Burnett, Hargrave and Warnock, each of whom had had special opportunities to familiarize himself with the disease, were authorized, under the new regulations issued in July, a copy of which is printed here- with, to order the slaughter of any clearly marked cases which might be brought under their observation. During the summer a number of outbreaks were dealt with by th^e gentlemen in various parts of Southern Alberta. In September I again visited the quarantine station, and after examining a number of animals there, decided to slaughter all except a very few, which after hav- ing been retained under observation for upwards of twelve months appeared, so far as I could judge, to be quite healthy. At this time also, in addition to the officers already mentioned, I authorized Dr. Gallivan, of Lethbridge, to order the slaughter of affected animals, and to deal gen- erally with any outbreaks of the disease which might be reported to him. At the same time, in consideration of the fact that, as stated above, the knowledge of this disease possessed by the veterinary profession, even among those who have had most experi- ence with it, is very far from complete, I, with the approval of the minister, arranged for the utilization of the existing quarantine station at Lethbridge for experimental work. A house and stable were erected in close proximity to the corrals, and within the fenced inclosure of 1,800 acres which had been provided the previous year, and Dr. Hadwen, our inspector at Nelson, B.C., a gentleman who has given considerable attention to pathological research work, was placed in charge, a number of condemned animals being left at his disposal. A bulletin furnishing a description of the symptoms has been widely distributed among farmers and horse-breeders in the West and elsewhere, with the view of enabl- ing them to more readily recognize the disease should it make its appearance among their animals. So far the information at present in the possession of the department would indicate that the disease is with one exception, viz., at Rush Lake, Saskatchewan, confined to Southern Alberta, where it unfortunately exists in several different localities. Of the various outbreaks discovered, some are traceable without much difficulty to animals infected while running on the range near Lethbridge, where the disease, as already stated, was first recognized in Canada. The actual starting point of the infection in this case has never been discovered, although there can be no reasonable doubt that it originated among animals imported from some of the infected districts in the North-Western United States. Of the other outbreaks, one is traceable to horses brought from Utah, another to an importation from Oregon, while in a third case strong suspicion attaches to a band of mares purchased in Montana. 44 DEPARTMENT OF AQRICVLTTJRE , 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 It is only fair to say that the United States authorities as well as those of several of the individual states, have reported after investigation, that they have been unable to find the disease in any of the districts where the suspected animals originated. The evidence in our possession, however, has an entirely contrary bearing on the case, and when one remembers the remarkably insidious nature of the disease, and the fact which is undeniable, that it has existed to a greater, or less, extent on the opsn range, in several of the Western States for an indefinite period, the reasonable inference i.? that the presence of maladie du coi't in Alberta is due to infected mares or stallions imported by persons, let us hope, ignorant of the terrible scourge which they were introducing among Canadian horses. As already indicated, it is almost impossible for even an experienced and skilful veterinarian to diagnose maladie du coit with any certainty during its earlier stages and when, in addition, it is remembered that individual cases, especially mares, remain infected for years, while showing practically no visible evidence of disease, it is not surprising that among the many thousands of horses brought across the line since the rush of settlement began, there should have been some bearing the germs of this loathsome malady. The difficulty of diagnosis remarked upon and regretted by those familiar with maladie du coit in every country where its presence has been noted, is accentuated in America by two peculiar and so far, unexplained circumstances. One of these is the fact that the Trypanosoma Rougeti, or as it is sometimes styled Equiperdum, which has been detected in the blood and other fluids of affected animals in Asia, in Africa, and latterly, though with less regularity, in Europe, has never, so far as I am aware, been recognized on this cojitinent. The constancy of this organism, easily demon- strated by Lingard in India, and by Buffard and Schneider in Algeria, in both of which countries the disease is thought to be, and probably is, indigenous, was until last year, questioned by leading investigators in Europe, notably by Marek, Ivern and Hutyra, in Hungary. Early in 1905, however, Buflard and Schneider were able to demonstrate its presence in French cases, and about the same time it was also recognized by Marek, thus corroborating the work of Nocard and Leclainche, who had previously identified the organism. Owing to the interest attaching to this phase of the question, I have thought it well to publish herewith a translation of the report of Messrs. Buffard and Schneider, which appeared in the annals of the Pasteur Institute for November, 1905. The other peculiarity observed in this country is the apparent mildness of the infection in many cases. In Asia and in Africa, maladie du coit or dourine, as it is there generally termed, seems, from all accounts, to run a definite course, the symptoms throughout being fairly well marked and the termination almost invariably fatal within a period of three years at most. In America, on the other hand, the infection is frequently much less virulent, many cases, especially in mares, being so slightly marked as to attract little or no attention, while some apparently tend towards recovery. Whether or not such cases would eventually regain the normal condition, and especially, whether they would become non-infective, our experience in Canada has hitherto been too short to permit of my offering any opinion. Available reports regarding maladie du coi't in Southern Europe indicate that tliis tendency to mildness of attack and generally impaired malignity is also observable there, although perhaps to a less degree than in America. When in considering these facts we remember that the apparently specific trypano- soma, constant and easily isolated in those tropical countries where maladie du coit has its natural habitat, is exceedingly difficult of detection in Europe, and so far has been found not at all in America, it surely affords some ground for the hope hinted at in my report for 1904, that in our aSTorthern and notably healthy climate the disease may prove to be actually less destructive than we at present fear. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a The experiments already referred to are being conducted in the hope of obtaining a more thorough knowledge than we at present possess regarding this and various other matters pertaining to the disease. A number of mares of the doubtful class mentioned above are being held under close observation. Breeding experiments with stallions both healthy and diseased will be systematically carried on, and the various results carefully noted. It is also my intention to remove the ovaries from several of the experimental mares, it having been found that stallions castrated in the early stages occasionally recover and become useful work horses. Whether or not similar beneficial results will follow the corres- ponding operation in the female remains to be seen. In addition to these practical experiments. Dr. Higgins here, and Dr. Hadwen at Lethbridge, are engaged in a close study of the pathological conditions presented by the diseased animals. In order to give the former an opportunity of working to advantage, I last fall br'ovight to the biological laboratory three infected mares. Of these one succumbed to the disease in December, but the others, although they were among those examined and pronounced diseased by Dr. Davison two years ago, are still alive, one being ap- parently but little the worse, although the other is evidently breaking down. Despite all that I have said, it would, in view of the history of this scourge in other countries, be unwise to relax in the slightest degree our efforts to effect its eradication, especially as it is at present, so far as known, confined to a comparatively limited area. The task, however, is a delicate and difficult one owing to the uncertainty attend- ing diagnosis and the loose conditions which characterize breeding operations on the western ranges. The expenditure to date in compensation for horses slaughtered, while undoubtedly considerable, is a mere trifle in comparison with the appalling losses sustained in countries where maladie du coit has been permitted to spread unchecked. The following are the figures : — Killed. Value. Compensation. 1904-05 292 $24,045 00 $16,029 94 1905-06 120 10,210 00 6,806 48 Total 412 $34,255 00 $22,836 ^ November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. Post Office. Outbreaks. Slaughtered. Suspected. . Seven Persons 7 8 17 Macleod 1 1 High River 3 37 4 Spring Point 2 2. 6 Little Plume 10 36 33 Medicine Hat 31 51 92 Gleichen 1 1 Irvine 1 1 Coleridge 1 1 Woolchester 3 2 4 Eagle Butte 4 1 6 Lethbridge 4 1 3 Cardston 4 34 2 Quarantine grounds, Lethbridge . . 116 72 292 207 46 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE November 1, 1905— March 31, 1906. District. Outbreaks. Little Plume 2 Seven Persons 2 Cardston 3 Medicine Hat 5 Taylorville 1 Brunton 1 Lethbridge 3 Rush Lake 1 Nanton 1 Calgary 1 Macleod 2 Stirling 3 Spring Point 1 Millarville 1 High River 3 Willow Creek 1 Tabor 1 Raymond 1 Peigan Creek Okotoks Magrath Linebam 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Slaughtered. Suspected. 7 5 4 18 15 2 4 7 1 1 2 8 1 1 35 6 2 1 5 2 8 2 4 15 1 35 6 1 6 19 2 33 120 112 The following amended regulations were authorized by Order in Council dated the 22nd day of July, 1905, in virtue of * The Animal Contagious Diseases Act 1903 ' :— ' 1. No animal which is affected, or suspected of being affected, with Maladie du Colt shall be permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not so affected, and no such animal shall, in any case, be used for breeding pur- poses. ' 2. Any Veterinary Inspector may declare to be an infected place within the meaning of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," any common, field, stable or other place or premises where animals are found which are affected or suspected of being affected with Maladie du Coit. ' 3. No animal shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed by an Inspector. ' 4. The Veterinary Director General may, from time to time, order the slaughter, castration, or other disposition of animals affected with Maladie du Coit. * 5. Every Veterinary Inspector shall have full power to order animals affected, or suspected of being affected with Maladie du Coit to be collected for inspection, and, when necessary, to be detained and isolated or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the instructions of the Veterinary Director General, and no indemnity shall be allow- ed to the owner in case of damage arising out of or resulting from such actions, ex- cept as hereinafter provided. ' 6. The expenses of and incidental to the collection, isolation, seizure, castration or otherwise dealing with horses for the purposes of these Regulations shall be borne by the owners of the animals. ' 7. No entire horse or ridgling more than one year old shall be permitted to run at large on unfenced lands in the Province of Alberta or in that portion of the Pro- vince of Saskatchewan lying west of the third principal Meridian. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ' 8. Any entire horse or ridgling more than one year old found running at large within the area defined above may be seized and held on the order of any duly author- ized Veterinary Inspector of the Department of Agriculture, who shall forthwith whenever possible notify the owner of the said horse of such seizure, and the said horse, if not claimed within thirty days of such seizure, may be castrated, and no indemnity shall be allowed to the owner in case of damage arising out of or resulting from said castration, seizure or detention. ' 9. Animals affected with Maladie du Coit may, on an order signed by a duly appointed "Veterinary Inspector acting under special instructions from the Veterinary Director General, be forthwith slaughtered, and the carcasses disposed of as in such order provided, and compensation may be paid to the owners of such animals if and when the Act so provides. * 10. Before an order is made for the payment of compensation in any of the cases aforesaid there must be produced to the Minister of Agriculture a satisfactory report, order for slaughter and certificate of valuation and slaughter, all signed by an Inspec- tor. ' J. G. RUTHERFORD, Veterinary Director General, * Health of Animals Branch, ' Department of Agriculture, * Ottawa.' THE IDENTITY OF DOLRINE. Buffard and Schneider. Even until recently some doubt appeared to exist regarding the presence of a specific trypanosome in the dourine of Europe. "We have successively seen Thanhoffer, Lidemann and Marek in Hungary, and Tchernogorow in Russia declare that they have not been able to reveal the presence of trypanosomata in subjects infected with authen- tic dourine. Prof. Marek was even led by his negative evidences to admit the exist- ence'of two dourines, one due to a trypanosome being seen in Algiers, the other, of which the causal agent was still to be determined, constituting the European affection. A certain tendency to consider this double theory plausible has since been manifest- ed in some scientific circles, and in some medical literature. "We have, from the first, held firmly that the Algerian trypanosomiasis was actu- ally the true dourine or ' mal du coit ' that which was studied by Signol, Saint Cyr, Trasbot, Laquerriere, Blaise, Nocard, Rouget, ourselves, and, as supporting our conclusions, Nocard, Martinet and Bremond, who carried on an experimental dourine farm after examining some animals which served as our proofs that dourine was of trypanosomian origin. In all that concerned the possibility of a dourine or of a European pseudo-dourine, we maintained the greatest reser^-e, having regard to the difficulty of the bacteriological diagnosis of dourine on the one hand, and to the small number of inoculations or their entire absence in the apparently negative cases. The facts have since, as it appears to us, solved the question both in France and Hungary. In France dourine makes its appearance nearly every year upon the Spanish frontier, in the Department of the Lower Pyrenees. The mares of the districts near the frontier are sent during the summer into pastures common to France and Spain, where they are served by stallions which are often affected with dourine. Many owners, however, act as do the Arabs, that is to say, that they first have a mare served by a jackass, then if she does not hold they send her to a stallion. The jackasses perform service on both sides of the frontier and most frequently infect the mares, which in their turn, infect the stallions of the national breeding studs, or those owned by private parties. Nay more, through purchases made in Spain, mares probably infected are frequently 48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 introduced into France ; the enzootic outbreak of 1903, was thus caused by Spanish mares brought into France. In 1886, 34 mares and 4 stallions died in the canton of Accous; in 1890 some cases were observed in the valley of Aspe; in 1898 the stallion Kars of the national stud at Pau infected 37 mares. In 1903 many mares had, in fact, already succviuibed to mal du coit when the sanitary service was advised of the situation; it was only possible to find two private stallions affected which succumbed shortly afterwards. In 1904 the national stallion ' Lusignan,' was sent for observation to the veterinary school at Toulouse on suspicion of dourine, because of symptoms which he presented, and which consisted principally of an extensive odema of the sheath and scrotum. Latterty he presented on the sides, on the neck and on the croup rounded protuber- ances having the character of hematomes which appeared and disappeared at irregular intervals. Some lameness of the hind limbs supervened accompanied by paralysis of the crural muscles and loss of power in the hind quarters. This stallion finally recovered. Different inoculations with fresh blood were in very large doses adminis- tered to dogs and rabbits, but gave no result. Microscopic examination of the blood was constantly negative. This stallion having served 37 mares, Professor Leclainche will- ingly invited us to examine them at certain places where they were collected. Foiir mares were declared dourine suspects. The symptoms which they presented were vague enough, but the stallion which had served them presented such evident signs of dourine that less could not be done than to put them under the supervision of the sanitary service. Blood taken from the tip of the ear and from the vagina of two of these mares showed after long and minute examination some very sparse trypanosomes. A dog and a rabbit received respectively the first 50 c.c, the second 20 c.c, of blood from the Jugular of another of these suspected mares. The rabbit died some days afterwards from septicaemia. On the dog, which was carefully watched every day, there appeared on the seventh day, at the point of inoculation, a swelling about the size of a hazel nut in the sero-sanguinous fluid of which we found trypanosomes in sufficient numbers which we submitted to the confirmatory examination of Messrs. Leclainche and Laveran. To this swelling, supervening at the point of inoculation, the symptoms of dourine in the dog were confined. Let us add that three of the mares declared suspected by the sanitary commissioii died after having presented the typical symptoms of dourine. A private stallion was also castrated for dourine in the same district as that in which the affected mares lived. We desire above all to deduct from this enzootic, interesting on more than one account, the difficulty of bacteriological diagnosis and the positive discovery of the Trypan- osoma Eougeti in the dourine of France. In Hungary, after having failed for a long time in his search for the trypanosome. Prof. Marek has finally found it in the blood of a stallion affected with dourine and has willingly announced to the International Congress of Veterinary Medicine at Buda Pesth, that he would withdraw the reservations which he has expressed on the subject of a specific trypanosome in Hungarian dourine. We will not close this note without tendering our hearty thanks to Prof. Leclainche for the great obligation he has rendered us in facilitating our researches and in per- mitting tis to demonstrate the single nature of dourine. MANGE IN HOESES. I am glad to be able to report that, in consequence of the stringent measrires adopted for its suppression, mange in horses has entirely disappeared from many dis- tricts where it formerly prevailed to a greater or less extent. In the eastern provinces and in Manitoba, the work of our inspectors has of course been much simplified by the comparative ease with which the disease can be treated among domesticated animals. On the western ranges the dipping plants, established in conformity with the provisions of the compulsory cattle dipping orders, have been largely instrumental HEALTH OF ANIMALS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ' ■. " . - '. in bringing about its eradication. The lime and sulphur mixture used in dipping cat- tle is equally effective in curing that variety of scabies which affects horses and the numerous conveniently situated vats were consequently utilized in its treatment with most gratifying results. Isolated cases are still found here and there, but they are few in number and being, as a rule, detected early and dealt with promptly, the disease has but little opportunity to spread. The majority of owners are now much more fully alive than formerly to the importance of keeping a close watch on their horses with the view of detecting in the early stages this and other diseases to which they may be exposed. They have learned that breeding or buying horses to let them die of disease is not a paying proposition and that the old slip-shod range methods are not conducive to money making under present conditions. In some cases the educative process has been rather costly, but if the lesson is once thoroughly learned that on the range, as elsewhere, it pays to treat horses well and to look after them properly our western horse breeding industry will in future be much more prosperous and profitable that it has been in the past. Statistics for period between November 1, 1905, and March SI, 1906. Outbreaks. Animals Affected. Northwest Territories 121 423 Ontario 29 40 Quebec 170 248 Manitoba 12 47 New Brunswick 8 8 Yukon 3 16 British Columbia 1 1 344 783 SHEEP SCAB. With the exception of one outbreak in Southern Alberta, and another in British Columbia, both due to imported sheep, and a few isolated cases in Ontario and Quebec, all of which had been promptly and, so far as it was possible to judge, effectively dealt with, the Dominion had been for some years practically free from sheep scab. Most of the outbreaks in Ontario had been brought to the notice of the department through the agency of the veterinary inspector, who, since 1902, has been entrusted with the supervision of the animals passing through the markets at Toronto, so that no particu- lar surprise was felt when, in November, 1904, that ofiicer reported the existence of the disease in a consignment of sheep from Chatsworth, Ont. The matter was at once taken up, one of our inspectors being instructed to proceed to Chatsworth immediately and investigate the circumstances, with a view to taking such steps as might prove necessary to keep the disease under control. Before his report came to hand, how- ever, a letter was received from the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, stating that a consignment of Canadian sheep originating in Thamesville, Ont., and which arrived in Buffalo, N.Y., on November 26, were affected with scab. Investigation failed to locate the origin of the disease in this instance, although the fact that a number of the farmers from whom the sheep in question were purchased had sold out their entire stocks was rather suspicious. Under date of December 21st, Dr. Salmon again reported the discovery at Buffalo of two consignments of scabby sheep among the bonded Canadian animals intended for exportation to Europe. These shipments, which also came from western Ontario, were very naturally objected to by the American authorities, who intimated that they were seriously considering the necessity of requiring Canadian sheep intended for 15a— 4 50 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 immediate slaughter, or for export, to be inspected and certified to in the same manner as sheep for breeding, grazing or feeding purposes. Realizing to the full the serious- ness of the situation, I sent as many of our qualified inspectors as could be spared into the districts from which the infected animals had come, with instructions to make a thorough and careful examination of all sheep wherever found. At the same time I asked Dr. Salmon to suspend judgment until such time as it was possible to ascertain the actual conditions. The results of our investigation were so:cewhat dis- couraging, showing, as they did, that sheep scab existed in a very large number of flocks chiefly in the county of Middlesex, although outbreaks were also discovered in the counties of Lambton, Huron, Kent, Wentworth, Lincoln, Perth, Grey, Frontenac, Lennox, York, Haldimand and Norfolk, in Ontario, as also in the county of Berthier, in Quebec. The majority of these outbreaks were traced to a common origin in a herd of breeding sheep, the disease having been conveyed through the agency of in- dividual animals sold for use in other flocks. In every case where the existence of disease was discovered the affected animals were placed under strict quarantine; while, after the discovery of the infective centre above referred to, a number of flocks were placed under restrictions because of sus- picion attaching to animals recently purchased by their owners, although showing no actual evidence of disease. To remove any doubt as to the powers of inspectors and for purposes of general information, it was thought best to amend and bring up to date the regulations re- lative to sheep scab made under the authority of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act. This was accordingly done and the regulations in question, amended as follows, were distributed widely throughout the country : — REGULATIONS RELATING TO SHEEP SCAB. 'By Order in Council dated 31st March, 1905, in virtue of "The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903." ' 1. No sheep which is affected with or has been exposed to sheep scab shall bo permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not sn affected. ' 2. Every person having in his possession or keeping a sheep affected with scab shall forthwith cause such animal to be treated in a manner satisfactory to the nearest veterinary inspector. ' 3. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the meaning of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," any place or premises, or any steamship or steam or other vessels, or any railway car or other vehicle, where the contagion of scab is known or suspected to exist. ' 4. Every veterinary ' inspector shall have full power to order sheep affected or suspected of being affected with scab to be collected for inspection and, when neces- sary, to be detained, isolated or treated in accordance with the instructions of the veterinary director general. ' ' 5. The expense of and incidental to such collection, isolation and treatment shall be borne by the owners of the sheep and, if advanced by the inspector, shall, until paid, be 'a charge upon the said sheep, without prejudice, however, to the recovery of any penalty for the infringement of these regulations or of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act.." ' 6. Inspectors are hereby authorized to order the slaughter of any sheep found to be affected with sheep scab, or suspected of being so affected, subject to compensation if and when the Act so provides, and to order the disposition of the carcases of such animals. ' 7. Before an order is made for the payment of compensation in any of the cases aforesaid, there must be produced to the Minister a satisfactory report, order for slaughter, certificate of valuation and slaughter, and certificate of cleansing and dis- infection, all signed by the inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No, 15a * 8. No sheep, or any part thereof, shall be removed out of an infected place with- out a license signed by an inspector. ' 9. Every yard, stable, or outhouse or other place or premises, and every wagon, cart, carriage, car or other vehicle and every vessel and every utensil or other thing infected with scab shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector. ' J. G. EUTHEEFORD, ' Veterinary Director General. * Health of Animals Branch, ' Department of Agriculture, ' Ottawa.' As a further precautionary measure against the spread of the disease, and with the special object of preventing the shipment of affected sheep for exportation, the following order was issued: — Department of Agriculture. Ottawa, March 23, 1905. ' NOTICE is hereby given that, under the provisions of the " Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," I do hereby declare that a contagious disease of animals, known as sheep scab, exists in the townships of North Dorchester, London, McGillivray, East Williams and Ekfrid, in the county of Middlesex; Warwick, Brook and Dawn, in the county of Lambton; Zone, Camden and Chatham in the county of Kent, in the province of Ontario, in this Dominion, and that hereafter all persons are strictly forbidden to move any live sheep whatever out of the said townships, except as here- inafter provided. ' The shipment of sheep from the said townships is hereby authorized under the following conditions: — ' 1. The shipment from the said townships of live sheep intended for export from Canada may be permitted, provided that each carload, or part thereof, is accompanied by a certificate of inspection, signed by one of the regularly appointed inspectors of this department, stating that the sheep comprising such carload or part thereof, are free from disease and in every way fit for immediate slaughter. Such sheep must also be described in the way bill accompanying them as being for immediate slaughter and for no other purpose. ' 2. The shipment of sheep from the said townships for other purposes, to points within the Dominion of Canada, may be permitted, provided that each shipment is accompanied by a certificate of inspection signed by one of the regularly appointed inspectors of this department, stating that the sheep comprising the same are free from disease, and have not been in contact with affected animals. ' 3. Shippers must notify the nearest inspector, not less than twenty-four hours previously, of the exact time and place of the intended shipment. ' Geo. F. O'Hallora^-, ' Deputy Minister.' At the same time the official veterinary surgeons residing within a radius of five miles of any township in which an authentic case of sheep scab had occurred were notified to refrain from issuing the usual health certificates for sheep about to be exported to the United States. It was, of course, impossible to do much in the way of treatment until later in the season, but with the advent of warmer weather all the affected flocks, as well as a considerable number of those held on suspicion, were subjected to repeated and sys^ tematic dipping. The mixture used for this purpose was the standard lime and sul- phur dip which has for the past two seasons been employed with marked success in 15a— 4i 52 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 dealing with mange, until recently, so prevalent among our western range cattle. "With one or two somewhat notable exceptions, owners and breeders of sheep, real- izing the extent to which their own interests were involved, worked harmoniously with our inspectors and assisted them in every possible way, both in locating infected animals and in enforcing the regulations. Some little difficulty was experienced in inducing the United States authorities to admit sheep from districts in which outbreaks of the disease had taken place, but this was finally overcome through the issuing of special certificates for such shipments by the regular salaried inspectors dealing with the disease. I am very glad to be able to report that the various measures outlined above proved eminently successful, and that the disease has apparently been mastered in each of the various localities where its existence was brought to light. Repeated and careful inspections of the flocks formerly infected have failed to discover the existence of the disease, except in one isolated instance where a small flock of sheep in Kent county was found to be still affected. These animals have been properly dealt with and, although still kept under supervision, are, I think entirely free from disease. Quite recently our inspector on Toronto market reported finding some sus- picious cases among sheep sent there for sale. As a result of the investigation which followed another small flock in the vicinity of Toronto has been placed under quaran- tine, although in this case only on suspicion. With these exceptions the country appears to be free from scab, a fact which, in view of the alarming conditions existing a year ago, is certainly very gratifying. In dealing with sheep scab, however, as with many other contagious diseases, eternal vigilance is the price of safety, and our self-congratulation should, in this instance especially, be very moderate, in view of the possibility, illustrated by this outbreak, of the disease existing wide-spread throughout closely peopled communities among sheep owned by intelligent and experienced breeders, and under the constant obser- vation of scores of veterinary surgeons. As already stated elsewhere, precautions have been taken to prevent the possibility of infected sheep from Ontario reaching American markets in future, by making pro- vision for their inspection before leaving the country. The provisions of the following order are now strictly enforced : — ' In virtue of the authority given me by the provisions of Sections 58 and 73 of the Order in Council of the 30th March, 1904, contai'ning regulations relating to Animals Quarantine,, I do hereby give notice that, on and after this date, all sheep consigned from points in the Province of Ontario to Buffalo markets, whether in- tended for export to Europe or not, must be inspected at Bridgeburg by a regularly appointed veterinary inspector of this department, and must not be permitted to leave Canada unless accompanied by a certificate of the said inspector to the effect that they are free from contagious and infectious disease, and otherwise fit for export. ' Sheep consigned from Ontario to points in the United States other than Buffalo, must be inspected and certified in a similar manner by a regularly appointed veter- inary inspector at the place of crossing the International boundary, except when shipped via Montreal, in which case they shall be inspected at that place. ' This order shall not apply to sheep for breeding, grazing or feeding, which are accompanied by a certificate signed by a Canadian official veterinarian stating that no contagious disease affecting sheep has existed in the district in which the animals have been kept for six months preceding the date of exportation, or to sheep which are accompanied by a certificate signed by a regularly appointed veterinary inspector of this department stating that they have been twice dipped in lime and sulphur dip of a strength equal to that required by the United States regulations.' 'A. L. JAEVIS, 'Acting Deputy Minister of Agriculture. ' Ottawa, September 26, 1905.' HEALTH OF ANIMALS 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Sheep Scab Statistics for the Twelve Months ended October 31, 1905. In Ontario 446 animals were found to be affected with Sheep Scab, involving the quarantine of 1,565 sheep on 94 premises, distributed as follows : — County. No Affected. No. Quarautined. Lambton 128 203 Kent 46 163 Middlesex 99 621 Frontenac 72 99 Wentworth 3 8 Toronto 8 100 Lincoln 12 12 Huron 10 10 Norfolk 20 81 Perth 3 13 Lennox 6 58 Grey 38 40 Haldimand 1 98 Simcoe '. . .. 9 Nipissing . . 50 446 1,565 Quebec. One hundred and forty-five sheep in the vicinity of La Bale du Febvre were quar- antined on suspicion and subsequently released. Forty-two animals, eight of which were affected, were quarantined at St. Norbert. Sheep Scab Statistics for the 5 months ended March SI, 1906. In Ontario seventeen animals were found to be affected, involving the quarantine of 255 sheep, distributed as follows: — County. No. Affected. No. Quarantined. Kent 4 11 Middlesex 7 43 Toronto city 6 6 North York ' . . . . 195 17 255 AXTHRAX. Outbreaks of anthrax have occurred in several different localities. When reported to the department or to our inspectors direct, these have been promptly dealt with although in some cases delay has occurred through mistakes in diagnosis on the part of owners and attending veterinarians. In several instances human beings became infected through handling 'the carcasses of dead animals and at least two deaths oc- curred. In this connection, I would again take occasion to impress upon all and sundry the paramount importance of caution in dealing with the carcasses of animals which die suddenly or from unexplained or indefinite causes. It is by no means an tflicommon occurrence for butchers to become infected through skinning animals which have died from anthrax, while veterinarians occasionally contract the disease in treating affected animals or in making post-mortem examinations. In this connec- tion I would call attention to the circular reproduced on page 67, which gives full instructions as to forwarding specimens to the biological laboratory for examination in cases where there is difficulty in forming an opinion as to the nature of any out- 54 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 break of disease. Owing to the suddenness of its manifestations and the rapidity with which fatal results usually supervene, cases of anthrax are comparatively seldom seen by our inspectors until after death has occurred. Treatment of diseased animals is sel- dom possible and even less frequently advisable, although in some forms of the dis- ease recovery occasionally takes place. In dealing with this disease therefore, our officers generally confine their efforts to securing the proper and early disposal of all carcasses and debris and the disinfection of stables and other premises which may have become infected. Preventive inoculation is frequently effective in stopping the spread of anthrax but, for obvious reasons, our officers do not themselves inoculate contact animals. Owners are, however, urged to adopt this precaution and in order to facilitate their efforts anthrax vaccine is supplied by the department at two-thirds of the usual retail cost. The following outbreaks were reported and dealt with between November 1, 1904, and March 31, 1906 :— Outbreaks. Animals died. Ontario 4 7 Quebec 1 17 Nova Scotia 3 3 British Columbia 2 7 10 34 BLACK QUAETEE. Black quarter has, as usual, prevailed to some extent in different parts of the Dominion. As this disease is not dealt with under the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, it is not possible to furnish statistics as to the number of outbreaks or of animals affected. The practice of preventive inoculation is being very generally adopted. During the seventeen months ended March 31, 1905, 2,290 doses of blacklegine, and 31 outfits for injecting same, were sent out from headquarters, and one outfit and 350 doses were sold at Medicine Hat by Dr. Hargrave. The total sold was therefore 2,740 doses of blacklegine and 32 outfit?. It must not be forgotten that vaccine is also sold by many druggists throughout the Dominion, so that the figures quoted above do not by any means indicate the num- ber of animals treated. ACTINOMYCOSIS. Occasional reports reach the department as to the existence of actinomycosis in various districts of the Dominion. It does not, however, appear to prevail to any ser- ious extent, although in some localities the herbage is evidently infested with the fun- gus which gives rise to the disease. It is not now dealt with by the department, except in so far as the exportation of infected animals is forbidden. A few animals were rejected on this account during the past season, SWAMP FEVEE. As will be seen from the report of Dr. Torrance, no new light has been obtained as to the nature and causes of this disease. Fortunately, it has greatly decreased in prevalence, this fact being, in my opinion, due to the improved drainage of the dis- tricts in which it was formerly most common. HEALTH OF AXIMAL8 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Much confusion still appears to exist among horse owners and even veterinary sur- geons, as to the identity of this disease. Many outbreaks of influenza among horses are credited to swamp fever with the natural consequence that it is generally believed to prevail to a much greater extent than is actually the case. There is absolutely no reason for confounding the two diseases, if the following three main points of differ- ence are borne in mind: — In genuine swamp fever the appetite continues good, even voracious, until within a few hours of death, which generally occurs from two to four months after the animal first becomes affected. In typhoid influenza the appetite, as a rule, fails almost entirely after the third day, only returning with the advent of convalescence, ten or fifteen days later. In fatal cases death usually occurs from ten to twenty days after the first seizure, al- though as complications often appear, no hard and fast rule can be laid down. Swamp fever, properly so called, is, in my experience, fatal in at least ninety- nine per cent of the cases dealt with, while under skilful veterinary care and with favourable conditions twenty per cent would be a large mortality in typhoid influenza. There are, of course, many other distinctions palpable to the properly trained veterinarian, but the three mentioned above should, if carefully borne in mind, enable any intelligent horseman to differentiate between the two diseases. EABIES. An outbreak of rabies was reported from North Portal, Assa., in March, 1905, the disease having evidently been introduced from North Dakota, where it has been known to exist for some years. As a general rule, 'it is well to accept with caution reports as to the existence of rabies, but in the present instance there appears to be no room for doubt that two animals were actually affected, although the nature of the disease was not verified. The animals suspected, as well as a number of stray dogs, were killed, while all others owned in the vicinity were ordered to be muzzled. No further case occurred in this district until July, when an outbreak of disease among dogs, which was supposed to be rabies, was discovered at Oxbow. In this in- stance, one dog was killed by our inspector, and eleven others were destroyed by their owners. A departmental order was issued, and forwarded to the commissioner of the R.N.W.M. Police at Regina, to whose discretion the matter of putting it into force was left. He, however, considered it unnecessary to do so. Since that time, several reports have been received from the same neighbourhood, and a number of premises are now in quarantine. The persistence of these peculiar outbreaks is certainly very suspicious, and I think there can be little doubt that they are really due to rabies. Though fortunately little harm has been done thus far, this condition of affairs is most undesirable. Instructions have been issued to secure, and forward for examination, pathological specimens from suspected cases, so that we may be enabled to reach a decision as to the true nature of the affection. Some alarm was caused in London, Ont., by the reported appearance of rabies in June last. In this case, a small dog bit a child, but as both dog and child were im- mediately taken to New York, the department was deprived of any opportunity of verifying the diagnosis. With a view to forestalling any possible outbreak, and at the same time allaying public excitement, two of our veterinary inspectors were instructed to co-operate with the city authorities, and the local Board of Health. A large number of dogs were ex- amined, several of which, for one reason or another, had bitten human beings, and were quarantined for some considerable time. No actual case of rabies was found, which is somewhat remarkable in view of the published report that the first dog men- tioned was pronounced at the Pasteur Institute at New York to be undoubtedly affected with that disease. 56 DEPARTMENT OF AORICTJlfURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The most striking feature of the investigation conducted by the officers of this department at London was the information obtained as to the large number of human beings bitten by dogs within a very short space of time. Many of our Canadian cities and towns are simply over-run with useless mongrels, which as matters now stand are an almost intolerable nuisance, and which, in case of an outbreak of rabies, would prove a most serious menace to public health. In view of this possibility, I think steps should be taken to impress upon municipal authorities the advisability of in- creasing to a considerable extent the taxation on dogs. As no regulations relating to rabies were in existence the following were estab- lished by Order in Council dated August 10, 1905 : — 'By Order in Council dated 10th August, 1905, in virtue of Diseases Act, 190S." The Animal Contagious ' 1. No dog or other animal which is affected with or has been exposed to the infection of rabies, shall be permitted to run at large, or to come in contact with other animals. * 2. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the mean- ing of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," any place or premises where the infection of rabies is known or suspected to exist. ' 3. Veterinary inspectors are hereby authorized to order the slaughter of any dog or other animal affected with rabies, or susi>ected of being so affected, and to order the disposition of the carcase of such animal. * 4. Veterinary inspectors are hereby authorized to order dogs or other animals which have been exposed to the infection of rabies, to be detained, isolated or muzzled. * 5. No dog or other animal, nor any part thereof, shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed by an inspector. ' 6. Every yard, stable, or outhouse, or other place or premises, and every wagon, cart, carriage, car or other vehicle, and every vessel and every utensil or other thing infected or suspected of being infected with rabies, shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector. ' Y. On receiving the report of an inspector to the effect that rabies is known or suspected to exist in any locality, the Minister of Agriculture may order that all dogs, or other animals, within such an area as he may determine or describe, shall be de- tained, isolated or muzzled during such period as he may see fit. ' Health of Animals Branch, 'Department of Agriculture, ' Ottawa.' J. G. Eutherford, Veterinary Director General. BIOLOGICAL LABOEATORY. The work performed at the Biological Laboratory has been of an eminently satisfactory nature. The large quantities of mallein required in the active campaign now being waged against glanders would have entailed a very considerable expendi- ture had it been necessary to secure this preparation from outside sources. Dr. Higgins has, however, been able to supply all demands, and I have good ground for hope that this institution will shortly be in a position to furnish some at least of the other preparations which we are now compelled to purchase elsewhere. Since the date of my last report two additions have been made to the purely pathological staff of the branch in the persons of Dr. A. Watson, who was engaged as assistant to Dr. Hig- gins in April, 1905, and Dr. S. Hadwen, formerly inspector at Nelson, B.C., who was HEALTH OF ANIMALS 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a in September last placed in charge of the experiment station established at Lethbridge for the purpose of conducting an investigation into the disease known as maladie du coit. A large number of pathological specimens have been examined during the period covered by this report, with great benefit to our inspectors and others by en- abling them to decide as to the exact nature of outbreaks of disease and to deal with them accordingly. Two small buildings have been erected at the laboratory for the accommodation of experimental animals. These supply a long felt want, but I would again urge upon you the advisability of providing a well equipped, sanitary stable iu which it would be possible to carry on research work under safe and scientific conditions. The report of Dr. Higgins will be found both interesting and instructive. The following circular has been sent to all veterinary practitioners and others to whom it is likely to be of use: — Dominion of Canada, Department of Agriculture, Health of Animals Branch. INSTRUCTIONS FOR SENDING SPECIMENS FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION. In forwarding specimens of diseased tissues or organs for diagnostic purposes the following suggestions should be noted and carefully carried out in order to insure their arrival at the laboratory in good condition. Specimens for' Pathological Examination. Unless a specimen is so remarkable and characteristic that it should be preserved as an exhibition or museum specimen, it is unnecessary to send large portions. Small portions about an inch cube well selected from different regions are sufficient. They should be taken in such a manner as to exhibit the normal tissue passing into the diseased tissue. Together with the material which shows actual lesions, portions of an inch cube should be taken from the lung, heart, liver, spleen and kidney. In many instances the microscopical lesions in apparently healthy organs give the clue to the affection from which the animal suffered. These small portions should be placed in a wide mouthed bottle or jar, with at least five times their volume of alcohol, or better still a 4 per cent .solution of formaldehyde. Specimens from different animals should be placed in separate containers. Large specimens may be packed in ice or frozen. nog Cholera. Where this disease is suspected, in addition to the material above designated, a portion of the intestine is necessary, consisting of the last portion of the small intes- tine and the first portion of the large intestine, including the ileo-caecal valve. Specimens for Bacteriological Examination. Bacteriological specimens are easily contaminated by the many putrefactive organisms which exist in the air and soil and, with few exceptions, must be taken by some one thoroughly trained in bacteriological methods. Anthrax. — A few drops of blood from an animal suspected of having died of this disease, ^placed on a clean piece of note paper, allowed to dry in the air, folded, placed in an envelope and forwarded to the laboratory provides sufficient material for diagnostic purposes. 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 SpecimeBS for examination should be accompanied by a letter giving complete information concerning the case in qiiestion, with its history, clinical symptoms, &c. Specimens must be labelled in order that they may be identified. The name and address of the owner of the animal and the name and address of the sender of the material are necessary in order that records may be kept and reports promptly for- warded to the proper parties. Specimens not exceeding five pounds in weight after being securely packed, to prevent breakage of the containers or leakage (see section 106 and section 107, page xx, Canada Postal Guide), should be sent by mail. Specimens exceeding five pounds in weight should be sent by express. Specimens should be addressed, J. G. Eutherford, Biological Laboratory, Veterinary Director General. Ottawa, Canada. EXPORT INSPECTIONS. The work of inspecting cattle and sheep for export to Britain has been, as hither- to, carefully conducted at Montreal, St. John and Halifax. During the past season a number of cattle were shipped from Western Ontario via Buffalo, direct to United States seaports, and these, in accordance with section 58, which was added to the regulations two years ago, were inspected at Bridgeburg before being permitted to cross the boundary. In order to guard against the possibility of any cattle affected with mange in the first stages being passed by our inspectors at the time of ship- ment from the quarantined area in Alberta and Saskatchewan, arrangements were made for a second veterinary examination of all export cattle on arrival at Winnipeg. This precaution, in conjunction with the final inspection before leaving Canada, makes it almost impossible for any animal, no matter how slightly affected, to escape detection. As a number of cattle are shipped from the range country to British Columbia for immediate slaughter, I deemed it advisable to make arrangements for the cleansing and disinfection, after being unloaded, of all cars used for their trans- portation. At points where we have resident inspectors this work is supervised by them, while at other points it is looked after by specially appointed lay officers, a number of whom are provincial constables. It is a serious question as to whether or not a more stringent policy should be adopted with regard to the inspection and cer- tification of horses shipped from Southern Alberta and other places where contagious disease is known to prevail. At the present time all horses exported from a consider- able area in Alberta are subject to inspection for mange, and any animals showing clinical symptoms of this and other more serious diseases are, therefore, likely to be detected by our officers. I am not sure, however, that this inspection is a sufficient safeguard, and am carefully considering the feasibility of making it considerably more rigid. Owing to the detection by United States officers on the Buffalo market of some cases of scab among sheep shipped from Western Ontario, it was decided, after tak- ing all possible steps to trace and stamp out the disease, to station an inspector at Bridgeburg with the object of preventing the recurrence of incidents of this nature. The services of Dr. Philps being no longer required in the area under restrictions for hog-cholera, he was transferred to Bridgeburg and arrangements were made with the railway authorities for the erection of suitable yards for the detention and exami- nation of all Canadian sheep crossing the boundary at that point. His services are also utilized for the inspection of export cattle there entering the United States in bond for shipment to Europe. After his arrival in Bridgeburg, until the trade was brought to an end he also inspected, before shipment, the hogs purchased in Buffalo on account of Canadian packers. Arrangements have likewise been made for the inspection of Canadian sheep entering the United States at other points. This trade is of considerable importance HEALTH OF ANIMALS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a to Canadian sheep raisers and the slight inconvenience caused to shippers by the inspection is of little moment in comparison with the loss which would follow exclu- sion from the American markets. Table showing animals inspected for export at the following ports for the twelve months ended October 31, 1905. / Horses. Cattle. ' Sheep. Swine. Montreal to Great Britain No. i No. 432 120.550 No. 33,064 27,873 16,304 No. 1.50 Inspected at Montreal for shipment to Great 33,542 30,627 600 St John N B to Great Britain 68 Hahfax " 18 2,049 978 105 276 16 274 St John N B to South Africa 145 67 65 20 898 13 2,345 278 27 12 14 13 Hahfax to Xewfoundland 3 23 10 24 1,261 23 « 4 10 ^ 25 47,707 690 ■ ■ Total 761 188,070 131,600 181 Total animals exported from above ports, 320.612. Of the above 37 horses, 26,685 cattle and 7,627 sheep were from the United States ai'.d Mexico. Animals inspected for Export from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Montreal to Great Britain Xo. 247 No. 14,970 10,469 25,472 1,042 257 144 450 4 145 No. 920 11,137 1,811 Xo. Inspected at Montreal for shipment to Great Britain ^^a Boston and Portland St. John, N.B., to Great Britain 65 Halifax " Bridgeburg " 973 Toronto " St. John, N.B., to South Africa Charlottetown to West Indies 14 2 T Charlottetown to Xewfoundland 422 6 62 189 80 HaUfax to Newfotindland Sydney, N.S., to St. Pierre and Miquelon. . . 22 7 34 Halifax to Bermuda Halifax to Jamaica 8 4 Halifax to France 150 Bridgeburg to United States 55,888 354 384 574 Windsor " Montreal " Prescott " Total 337 53,1.32 73,100 38 Total animals exported from above ports, 126,607. Of the above, 12,288 cattle were from the United States. 60 DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTURE J 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 E^voRT animals rejected at following ports in twelve months ending October 31, 1905. — Horses. Cattle. Sheep. No. 17 No. 219 21 No. 117 St John 14 Total 17 240 131 Of the above, sixty-eight cattle at Montreal and two at St. John were rejected for actinomycosis, and forty-three at Montreal for mange. Of the horses, eight were rejected on account of strangles, and nine for influenza. The rest of the animals rejected were suffering from lameness, or injuries re- ceived during transportation and showed no indication of contagious or infectious disease. Export animals rejected at the following ports between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. Cattle. Sheep. No. 38 3 No. 31 St John " Total 41 31 Of the above nineteen cattle at Montreal and three at St. John were rejected for actinomycosis. The rest of the animals rejected were suffering from lameness, or injuries received during transportation, and showed no indication of contagious or infectious disease. IMPORTATIONS. From November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905, permits were issued as follows : — From. Horses. Cattle. Sheep, Swine. Mexico No. 50 No. 700 85 No. No. 378 142 During the past five months, November 1 to March 31, permits were issued to import the following stock : — From Mexico, 1,000 cattle ; from Great Britain, 92 cattle, 15 sheep. HEALTH OF A^'IMALS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Import Inspections from Europe from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. Ports. Horses. ' Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Goats. Levis Quarantine Station No. 33 694 41 33 No. 52 No. 342 No. No. 74 17 St. John, N.B 26 Halifax 1 1 Total 801 78 342 74 17 Import Inspections from Europe from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Ports. Horses. Cattle. Quebec No. 3 43 243 No. 3 Montreal . . St. John, N.B 10 Total . . 289 13 Import Inspections from United States from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. Port. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Goats. Mules. HaUfax, N.S 9 I St. John, N.B 10 2 24 1 18 76 1 5 2 St. Johns, P.Q Sherbrooke, P.Q Cornwall, Ont 1 179 , 4 ; Niagara Falls, Ont Sarnia, Ont 27 247 67 ioi' 3,526' 2,311 70 456 52 216 361 303 180 6,434 1,182 442 45 656 2,584 1,425 1,346 949 272 138 326 85 82 34 221 17 1,222 42,047 Bridgeburg, Ont Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 9 % 2,530 1,317 Windsor, Ont Port Arthur, Ont 21 17 1 1 44 Winnipeg, Man Emerson, Man 98 331 Gretna, Man Killarney, Man 299 14 227 427 214 60 6,365 241 3,333 61 10 Morden, Man Crj'stal City, Man Mowbrav 1 11 4 Deloraine, Man 8 Melita, Man 8 North Portal, Sask Wood Mountain, Sask 92 48 311 1 Maple Creek, Sask Medicine Hat, Alta 3,070 Pendant d'Oreille 9i3 3,940 995 420 1,468 190 88 375 1 12 Coutts, Alta 4,473 1,425 6 Cardston and Twin Lakes. . . . 9 Gatewav and Rvkerts, B C. . . 9 Nelson and Rossland, B C 3,907 3,024 149 2,493 25,893 24.947 327 308 8 4 31 Grand Forks and Midway 2 Osoyoos New Westminster 8 Victoria 7 20 23,886 23,634 69,922 44,182 14 802 62 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE I 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Import Inspection from the United States from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Port. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Mules. Goats. Buffalo. St. John, N.B 2 1 3 6 68 2 4 53 2 1,402 198 142 St. Johns. P.Q 1 4' 704 39 Sherbrooke, P.Q 1 ""'i34' 21,745 Niagara Falls 59 68 8 Sarnia . 2 Bridgeburg Sault Ste. Marie Windsor 28 6,705 Rainv River Winnipeg 2,420 780 203 10 148 172 174 55 5,587 37 265 873 1.722 400 75 295 28 21 29 228 14 18 35 io 4 6 5' 105 Emerson Killarnej' 16 Morden 1 Crystal Citv 34 173 107 7 1.433 1 291 85 281 3 Mowbrav Deloraine 3 M^lita I-iOrth Portal 367 Wood ^lountain 7 Maple Creek ■ Pendant d'Oreille Coutts 22 1 5 Twin Lakes Gatewav and Rvkerts 171 184 37 69 1 8 106 i Nelson, Rossland and A\ aneta . . . 694 16 28 6 6 Grand Forks Midwav Osoyoos New Westminster 108 1 3 4 Vancouver 11,130 8,771 Victoria 42 White Horse, Y.T 13,744 1 4,868 21,392 28,647 562 111 1 2 Import Inspections from Mexico from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. Port. Horses. Cattle. North Portal 74 632 Import Inspections from Mexico from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Nil. importations from MEXICO. As will be noted, the importations of animals from Mexico show another well- marked decrease from those of last year, which in turn were much smaller than in the two preceding seasons. I do not think that this falling off is to be regretted. The im- portation to such a country as Canada of foreign cattle for grazing purposes is in any case somewhat of an anomaly, showing as it does that there is considerable room for improvement in our present methods of conducting the live stock industry. When, furthermore, as in this instance, the cattle are of markedly inferior qual- ity and come from a country where absolutely no sanitary precautions are taken and which must always remain the subject of grave doubt as to its freedom from one of HEALTH OF ANIMALS 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a the most dangerous and contagious maladies affecting the bovine species, the cessa- tion of the trade can hardly be considered a misfortune. As has been stated in previous reports, tick fever prevails to a greater or less ex- tent throughout the Republic of Mexico, with the reputed exception only of the State of Chihuahua. Since the inception of the trade in 1902, I have never felt that it was quite safe, as while there is absolutely no fear of tick fever becoming permanent in this northern climate, there is always the risk of its being introduced early in the summer when it might do tremendous damage before the advent of cold weather. Careful inquiry into all the conditions surrounding the trade brought out the fact that the state of Chihuahua, from which most of the earlier and all the recent smaller shipments come, was apparently quite free from the disease. This condition, taken in conjunction with the fact that early in 1903 the introduction of a number of tick in- fested cattle from the state of Coahuila was narrowly averted, led me to recommend that no stock from Mexico should be admitted to Canada except by permit to be issued only in the case of shipments from Chihuahua. The governor of the state, Don Luis Terrazas himself, one of the largest, if not actually the largest, cattle owner in the world, undertook in 1903 to prevent the introduction within its boundaries of cattle from any of the infected states with which it is surrounded on practically all sides. Under these conditions and still further safeguarded by the United States inspection at El Paso and a close examination by our own officers at the Canadian boundary, the trade has been permitted to continue without so far at least, any untoward results. Know- ing something, from previous residence in that country, of the conditions actually existing in Mexico, I was never quite satisfied as to the efficiency of the quarantine said to be maintained by Chihuahua against the neighbouring states. State rights, even in Mexico, have their limitations and as the trade bids fair to persist and might at any time assume as it did before, large proportions, I deemed it advisable to open up communication with the federal authorities of the republic with a view to secur- ing from them some guarantee as to the health of Chihuahua and its protection from infection by the cattle of adjoining states. During the past winter therefore I visited Mexico, and with your approval, discussed the whole question with Dr. Liceaga, pre- sident of the Superior Council of Health, to whom I was finally referred by the vice- president, Senor Eamon Corral. I found, as I had anticipated, that the republic was practically without any veterinary sanitary service and that little or nothing was known regarding the prevalence of animal plagues or modern methods for their con- trol. The question of jurisdiction as between the federal and state authorities in matters of animal health was also, so far as I could learn, quite unsettled, and I might almost say unconsidered. Altogether the results of my inquiries were disappointing and I left Mexico convinced that so far as importations of live stock from that country are concerned, our safety from disease will depend at least for the present, entirely upon the precautions which we may ourselves adopt for its exclusion. I would add, however, that Dr. Liceaga, who was most courteous and listened with great attention to my explanation of the situation, undertook to lay the matter before the President him- self with the view of securing the passage of regulations preventing the introduction to Chihuahua of cattle from the surrounding states. This would undoubtedly be a great safeguard and one which, if properly enforced, might warrant the continuance of the trade. If it is not secured before the beginning of next season I would advise the exclusion of Mexican cattle altogether as the risk of infection being introduced to Chihuahua undoubtedly exists. The powers of the state authorities to control the movement of cattle into or out of other states being more than doubtful from a con- stitutional point of view, I do not think it advisable for this department to rest upon their assurance of safety. QUARANTINE STATIONS. Some progress has been made in improving quarantine facilities at coast points, as well as along the International boundary line. During a visit to Halifax in 64 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 August last, I selected a suitable site on the new quarantine ground acquired in 1904. A commodious building has since been erected and is now almost ready for occupation. This new station is conveniently situated on the Cotton Factory siding within the city of Halifax, and possesses the great advantage over the premises pre- viously used that animals can be conveyed to it by rail direct from the deep water terminus without risk of infection. The number of animals imported via Halifax is never large, and I have no doubt that the present building, if properly maintained, will serve the uses of the department for many years. At St. John, N.B., two stables are in course of erection, the plans being similar to that adopted at Halifax. This station also possesses the advantage of being easily reached by rail, and as it is much more largely used than that at Halifax, its com- fort and convenience will be appreciated by importers to a correspondingly greater extent. At Charlottetown, where imported stock is seldom landed, it has not been found necessary to establish a permanent quarantine station, although an inspector is employed at that point. Our most important quarantine station is undoubtedly that at Point Levis as it is there that the majority of animals imported from Europe enter Canada during the season of summer navigation. This station, which has been in existence since 1876, is situated within the yard of Fort No. 3 at Point Levis, and while the buildings are inexpensive it is well planned and has long been ably conducted by Dr. Couture and a staff of permanent employees under his control. It furnishes accommodation for nearly 500 cattle and about 300 sheep, and is laid out so as to permit of the absolute isolation of the stock of each importer. Its situation is excellent and it would be an ideal quarantine station were it not for the fact that under existing conditions animals, after landing, must be driven for a considerable distance over the public highway before reaching their quarters. Owing to the peculiar topographical con- ditions it has until recently been practically impossible to remedy this state of affairs. Latterly the constrution of the Levis Electric Railway has suggested the pos- sibility of conveying the animals direct from the wharf to the station by means of electric traction. The adoption of this plan would render the establishment one of the safest and most perfect quarantine stations in the world, and would greatly lessen the risk of conveying infection to animals in the neighbourhood. At Victoria, B.C., a lease has been secured of a small property at a point near the outer wharf, on which are situated some old buildings used in former years by the department for quarantine purposes. These are being put in repair and slightly altered so as to furnish accommodation for any animals arriving from the United States, which it may be found necessary to place in quarantine. At Vancouver no station has as yet been erected owing to the uncertainty of local railway construction and the location of new stock yards at that point. As soon as these matters are settled it is the intention to construct at Vancouver a station similar to those which have been erected along the International boundary line in British Columbia and the Northwest. A good deal of attention has been devoted to the improvement of the qi;arantine service along the boundary between Canada and the United States. In eastern Canada, the number of animals imported from the United States is very small and it has not, therefore, been thought necessary or advisable to go to any great expense in the construction of quarantine stations, which, under existing re- gulations, are, with the single exception of that at Sarnia, used only for the accom- modation of swine imported for breeding purposes. Range horses imported from west of the Mississippi river, and of the eastern boundary of the state of Minnesota, are admitted at Sarnia, while swine must enter at quarantine stations; all other animals can enter at inspection ports east of Rainy river without being subjected to quarantine. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a In addition to Halifax, St. John, Charlottetown and Quebec, at which, of course, animals from the United States will be received when necessaiy, the quarantine sta- tions in eastern Canada are Sherbrooke and St. Johns, Que., Niagara Falls, Windsor and Sarnia, in Ontario. At Windsor and Niagara Falls small buildings have been erected by the department. At Sherbrooke a site has been secured on which it is pro- posed to build a small st-able; while at St. Johns the number of animals brought in is so limited that it has scarcely been considered advisable to make permanent pro- vision for their accommodation. Bridgeburg is now an important point, an inspector being permanently stationed there, and while at the present time the yards of the various railway companies are being used for inspection purposes, I am of opinion that it will be necessary in the near future to erect a small but complete quarantine station. It is my intention to equip the station at Sarnia with strong corrals, squeezers, &c., suitable for handling the western horses which occasionally enter there. In addition to those at Emerson, Wood Mountain, Pendant d'Oreille, Coutts and Twin Lakes, which were completed last year, quarantine stations have been erected at Willow Creek, Sask., and at Gateway, Nelson and Midway, B.C., while inspectors are also stationed at Grand Forks and Osoyoos. Quarantine corrals have been erected by the railway companies at Sumas and Douglas, animals being inspected there before crossing the boundary, it being the intention, as above stated, to provide, in the near future, a quarantine station at Vancouver which will serve not only for animals brought in at these points, but for such as may arrive by boat. It will probably be necessary in the near future to construct quarantine stations at Princeton and Grand Forks, while provision will have to be made for animals entering at Kingsgate over the new Canadian Pacific railway line from Spokane. CAE INSPECTION. The very evident benefit resulting from the strict enforcement of the various re- gulations requiring the cleansing and disinfection of railway stock cars after convey- ing animals from infected districts, is the best possible proof that our efforts in this direction although irksome to railway companies, and at times to shippers, are en- tirely justifiable and in the best interests of all concerned. At the various points to which hogs were shipped from the United States or from the quarantined area in western Ontario, inspectors have seen that the cars convey- ing them were, immediately on being unloaded, properly cleansed and disinfected in accordance with the regulations. The same rule is followed in the case of cars con- veying cattle and horses from the mange infected area in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Special attention, as elsewhere indicated, is now paid to the cars used in the heavy transit trade in hogs across the western peninsula of Ontario. Under modern transportation conditions, stock cars form one of the most certain and convenient channels for the carriage of infection from place to place and it is, therefore, impossible to be too particvilar in seeing that those in regard to which suspicion may reasonably be entertained are so treated as to render them innocuous. STOCK YAEDS. Stock yard facilities throughout the Dominion have, I am glad to say, been greatly increased and improved since the date of my last report. The important ter- minal yards of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company at Hochelaga which had, for some time, been in an unsatisfactory condition, have now been rendered hiuch more comfortable and sanitary. New and commodious yards have been erected at North 15a — 5 66 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5,6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Bay. I understand that it is the intention to furnish facilities at White River for the feeding and watering of export cattle en route from the west. The new yards there will take the place of those hitherto used for that purpose at Schreiber and it is to be hoped that the company will adopt in their construction a plan similar to that in use at Winnipeg which greatly facilitates the rapid loading and unloading of ani- mals. At various more or less important points along this and other railways, new yards have been erected and old ones have been repaired and cleansed in accordance with the regulations. There is still, in some quarters, considerable room for improve- ment, but on the whole the attitude of the transportation companies in regard to this and other matters connected with the work of the branch leaves little to be desired. Satisfactory progress is being made, and, this being the case, I do not think it is ad- visable to rush the companies into expenditures, without being certain that the out- lay is justifiable and likely to give them a reasonable return. MEAT INSPECTION. In my last report I suggested the advisability of taking steps to inaugurate, for the benefit of some of our younger inspectors, a special course in meat inspection, to be car- ried on by Dr. Higgins in connection with the Biological Library. The export trade in dead meat, already begun on a small scale is certain to increase largely in the near future, in which event it will be absolutely necessary for us to supply certificates satis- factory to the authorities of importing countries. There are at present, so far as I am aware, no trained meat inspectors in the Dominion, although the requirements of muni- cipal and health acts in various provinces would indicate a reasonably active demand for the services of experts of this class. A thorough training in meat inspection should be part of the curriculum of every veterinary college, but so far the subject appears to have been conspicuous by its absence at all Canadian institutions of that kind. MISCELLANEOUS. During the period which has elapsed since my last report I have attended and addressed a number of public gatherings among others the meetings of the various associations of breeders which were held in Winnipeg in February, 1905, the annual meeting of the Western Stock Growers' Association which took place at Medicine Hut in May, and several others of minor importance. In April I officiated as judge ot horses at the Canadian Horse Show in Toronto, while in September I performed a similar service at the Dominion Exhibition in New Westminster, B.C. In May last I visited Washington and Oregon for the purpose of consulting with the state veterinarians regarding the health of the animals under their care, this being a matter of great importance to us on account of the large importations to Canada now constantly in progress. In June a visit to Washington, D.C., was made during which I discussed informally with Dr. Salmon, then chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, several official matters of material interest. In August I had the privilege of attending the annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association which was held at Cleveland, Ohio. At this meeting, which was largely attended, many subjects of great importance were taken up and dis- cussed. Among excellent papers, the most noteworthy was perhaps that of Dr. Leonard Pearson, of Pennsylvania, who gave an interesting resume of his experimental work in connection with immunization against bovine tuberculosis. I also attended during the year two meetings of the Ontario Veterinary Associa- tion, one of which was held in Toronto in December, and the other at London in July. This body has recently begun to show greatly increased vitality which is certain to result in much benefit to its members and, through them, to the live stock interests of the province. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a I am pleased to report that some progiiess has apparently been made in the direc- tion of elevating the standard of veterinary education in- Canada. In June last year I had tlie pleasure of an interview ■with Hon. Nelson Monteith, Minister of Agriculture for Ontario, in the course of which the whole subject was freely discussed. As a result of this interview a meeting of the Organization Committee of the Ontario Veterinary Association was held in Toronto on November 10, when I, with the full concurrence and approval of the other members present, was accorded the privilege of drafting and subsequently presenting to Mr. Monteith a memorandum pointing out the im- portance to stock owners of the maintenance of a reasonable standard of veterinary education, and asking the government of the province to take over and conduct the Ontario Veterinary College, as also to pass such legislation as might be necessary in the premises. Mr. Monteith, who received the members of the committee in the most courteous manner, promised to give the proposition his most favourable consideration. In January I met, by request, Mr. J. W. Flavelle, chairman of the Ontario Uni- versity Commission, Mr. Colquhoun, the secretary, and Mr. C. C. James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for the province, and discussed the subject with these gentle- men in all its bearings. Later the commission embodied in its report a recommendation that the Ontario Veterinary College be taken over and carried on by the Ontario Department of Agri- culture on lines similar to those on wRich the Agricultural College at Guelph is con- ducted. It is understood that negotiations with this end in view are now in progress. Should these be successful the future of veterinary education in Canada, which has for some time been very doubtful will be assured. In a country with an enormous and ever increasing live stock industry, it is of the last importance that a high standard of veterinary education should be main- tained. The record of Ontario as a province in educational matters is such that if the plan now under consideration is carried out there need be no fear as to the future of comparative medicine in Canada, In January also I visited the Agricultural College at Urbana, Illinois, where T had the privilege of an interesting and instructive interview with Dr. Mcintosh, the veterinary professor there, who is one of the highest authorities on hog cholera on the Araerican continent. In the following month I visited the Louisiana University where, through the courtesy of Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, veterinary professor, and W. K. Dodson, A.B.S.B., botanist and bacteriologist, I absorbed much practical information on tick fever, a matter which has for long been made a special subject of study by these gentlemen. Subsequently, as reported elsewhere, I visited Mexico on official business. While in El Paso on the return journey, I had the privilege of meeting Dr. Bray, United States bureau inspector at that point, through whose capable hands Mexican cattle en route to Canada have to pass. From Dr. Bray I received much detail in- formation as to the conditions surrounding this somewhat risky traffic. At Houston and Galveston I made it my business to collect data in regard to the use of Beaumont oil for dipping purposes but, owing to pressure of work, I was un- able to devote to this task as much time as I should have liked. I regret to have to say that, so far as I can see at present, the expense will be too great to permit of the use of Beaumont oil in western Canada. Printed herewith are the reports of the various officers of this branch throughout the Domi^ion. Among them are several of special note, such as that of Dr. Pethick on Pictou cattle disease, that of Dr. Torrance on swamp fever, those of Dr. Mc- Gilvray and Commissioner Perry on conditions in the west, and those of Drs. Bur- nett, Hargrave and Warnock on maladie du coit ; as also two interesting reports from the latter gentleman which deal respectively with poisoning by water hemlock, and a peculiar bone disease noticed among cattle in the Porcupine Hills. 15a— 5i 68 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Owing to the change in the departmental year the reports, with the exception of my own, deal separately with: first, the period between November 1, 1904, and October 31, 1905, and second, that between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. G. EUTHERFOED, Veterinary Director General. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. G. HILTON, V.S. Ottawa, October 31, 1905. Sm, — I have the honour to submit the following report for the year ending Oc- tober 31, 1905. My duties with your branch of the Department of Agriculture commenced on May 25, 1905, with headquarters at Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. Immediately after my engagement, following your instructions, I visited the maladie du coit infected district in Alberta for the purpose of familiarizing myself with the outbreak and nature of the disease, also the measures you were adopting for its control and eradication. I then proceeded by your direction to trace two mares which had been shipped from an infected ranch in Alberta to the province of Manitoba. This proved trouble- some and entailed a great deal of travelling, as the animals had been resold after their arrival in this province. They were finally located, one in the Swan River district; the other a few miles from Grand View, and fortunately upon examination, both mares proved to have escaped infection. Eeturning to Portage la Prairie in response to your previous instructions, I visited the quarantine station at Emerson, and also the inspection ports along the Manitoba boimdary. Full reports of these visits were submitted to you upon their completion. In the month of July, I was transferred to Ottawa, and since my arrival here, as you are aware, my work has been confined to your ofiice with one exception, when in August you instructed me to proceed to Merrickville to investigate a suspected outbreak of anthrax, which proved to be a dis- ease of a non-contagious nature, and consequently no action was taken. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, GEOEGE HILTON. To the Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. C. H. HIGGINS, D.V.S. Ottawa, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit this, my seventh annual report as an ofl&cer of the Department of Agriculture, my fourth as its pathologist, covering the period from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. The work of the biological laboratory during the past year has shown a marked increase over that of any previous year and from this increase it is evident that the services rendered by this institution are appreciated. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a The material received for examination shows a total of 264 series, there being but 93 series during the year previous. The great variety of subjects dealt with is supply- ing the laboratory with material for investigation and demonstration purposes which will prove of inestimable value. In addition there is the data and material obtained by myself in Alberta from 116 autopsies on horses affected with maladie du coit. The detailing by you of E, A. Watson, V.S., to the laboratory last April has re- lieved me of some of the routine work, although the increase in the amount of mallein used has made a steadily increasing demand upon my time in its preparation. The completed laboratory building now provides certain facilities for accomplish- ing our work not accorded at the writing of my last report. The increase, however, in the amount of mallein which it has been necessary to prepare, and the desirability of preparing all the tuberculin required, call for an increase in equipment that the supply may at all times equal the demand. This increase in equipment can be made by the construction of an incubator room and preparation room in the basement of the building. Such a change would remove the preparation of these two products from the other work of the laboratory and would remove some of the difficulties which at present exist in this important work. At present the small incubator space available prevents the manufacture of tuberculin in sufficient quantities to meet the constantly growing demand and it does not seem to me that it would be advisable to add more small incubators, in view of the fact that small incubators cannot be kept at the de- sired temperature economically The many details demanded of the routine fully occupy our time and original work is accomplished only in spare moments, which does not allow of the careful pains- taking effort demanded in accurate investigation. It has been impossible to under- take extensive original investigations during the year, but I anticipate that as Dr. Watson becomes more familiar with the routine of the laboratory it will not be neces- sary to overlook this important field. The construction last spring of a building for housing the small animals has proven very serviceable and the stable now under construction which will provide ac- commodation for four experimental horses is a valuable addition to our equipment. Without further preliminary remarks, I will proceed to consider some of the more important subjects dealt with during the past year. GLANDERS. There has been some little time spent on the subject of glanders during the past year. This has consisted in the inoculation of small animals with material from horses reacting to the mallein test, some of -which had ceased to present. the typical rise in temperature or local swelling on the injection of an appropriate dose of mal- lein. The result of this inoculation work appeared in full in your report and needs, therefore, no further mention in this connection. The heads of the horses above referred to were received at the laboratory, and on the septa nasi of some of these, scars, the result of old ulcers, were found. On some of the septa no lesions visible to the naked eye were detected. These septa are preserved and I anticipate that it will be possible in the near future to make a minute study to determine whether there are other lesions than the scars above referred to. There has also been quite an amount of rol^tine work with glanders in the preparation of mallein. This work has necessitated the inoculation of quite a large number of animals in preparing the germ for culture purposes and in testing the fin- ished product. MALLEIN. As already stated, the production of mallein has necessitated considerable work with the bacillus mallei, the causative agent of glanders. There have been sent from the laboratory on order from your office, 7,819 doses of mallein against 3,153 of the year preceding. The entire amount was prepared and tested at this laboratory. The 70 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 cost of preparation was practically that of the year preceding, namely, eleven cents per dose. In this estimate the amount now on hand, about 1,600 doses, is included. The preparation of mallein is very interesting work from the fact that forms are found in the old cultures from which the product is prepared that are never seen in old cul- tures on solid media. I present herewith photographs illustrating the forms found in fresh cultures, the appearance of the bacillus in pus, and the involution forms found in old cultures. A monthly statement of the mallein sent out from the laboratory is given below. 1903-04. 1904-05. November 291 500 December 40 295 January : 135 365 February 155 432 March 203 400 April 184 500 May 412 625 June 422 1,055 July 75 580 August 560 . 861 September 305 ' 1,163 October 371 1,043 Total 3,153 7,819 \ TUBERCULOSIS. During the past year a large number '^f specimens, consisting of tissues and sputum have been received at the laboratory for examination to determine whether or not evidences of tuberculosis were present. From some of this material it has been possible to isolate cultures. These cultures are kept growing in order that material may be at hand when it is possible to undertake investigations in this interesting field. TUBERCULIN. There have been sent from the laboratory, 3,145 doses of tuberculin, against 2,649 of the year preceding, on order from your office to veterinary inspectors and others. As was the case during the previous year, small amounts have been prepared with a view of ultimately producing all that may be required by the department. I believe that this can be undertaken profitably just as soon as we have sufficient incubating space for growing the cultures. I append hereto a detailed statement of the amount of tuberculin sent oi;t each month during the last two years. 1903-04. 1904-05. November 326 226 December 326 374 January 350 180 February 303 135 March 295 263 April 146 497 May 272 394 June 119 149* July 123 126 August 1T3 351 September 70 266 October 146 184 Total 2,649 3,145 ♦This includes thirty doses of Japanese tuberculin diluted at the laboratory for use. HEALTH OF AyiilALS 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE. The work of the laboratory with reference to Pictou cattle disease, has as formerly consisted in the examination of material received from Xova Scotia. All this mater- ial during the past year has been sent by Dr. Pethick and was from experimental animals wiih two exceptions. In the specimens from cattle that had contracted the disease experimentally there has been no deviation in the nature of the lesions from the classical type previously described by those who have studied this affection. The natural resistance toward the contraction of this disease by individual animals is noted in the nature of the lesions, from an animal very slightly affected (steer 12) to that in which very nearly all of the normal cells of the liver have been replaced by fibrous connective tissue (steers 3 and 19.) From the result of my examination of the organs of cattle fed on weedy hay and those fed on weed free hay, it is evident that the weed, Senecio Jacoboea is actively concerned in causing this affection. • CATTLE TICKS. A number of cattle ticks taken from a cow in Nova Scotia were identified as Der- macentor Variegatus. This is the tick commonly known as the " Moose tick," and as far as I am aware has not previously been recorded as occurring on cattle. DISINFECTANTS. There has been received during the year just ended but one sample of disinfectant for examination as to its germicidal value.» This sample of disinfecting material was of proprietary origin and for the reasons stated in previous reports a detailed state- ment is not included under this heading. ANTHEAX. During the past year material from nine suspected cases of anthrax have been examined, the bacillus being found in one instance only. In this connection it must be remembered that material taken from an animal some time after death may not show the hacillus anthracis, the causative agent, due to the putrefactive processes de- priving the carcass of the necessary oxygen which this bacillus must have that it may propagate. In cases which have been dead some hours the material sent to the labora- tory should be taken from the bloody discharge of the nasal or anal openings as the bacillus is here to be found in the spore stage. MALADIE DU COIT. Acting on your instructions, it was my privilege in 'Maf last to meet and accom- pany yourself and your inspectors to the Macleod district in Alberta. I was also favoured with an opportunity to accompany Dr. Hargrave in his work in the Medi- cine Hat district where many more cases were seen and autopsies performed. Later I proceeded to Lethbridge where many cases were examined and post mortemed in conjunction with yourself, Doctors Warnock and Burnett. My mission was primarily in connection with the causative agent of the disease. Buffard and Schneider, of Algeria, first described this disease as being caused by a trjrpanosoma which they named Trypanosoma Epuiperdum. This finding was. shortly after its announcement, confirmed by no less an authority than Nocard. Lingard, Imperial bacteriologist to the Government of India, also substantiates this finding 72 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTUBE I 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 of Buffard and Schneider in a report, on dourine issued in March, 1904, from his labora- tory at Muktesar. On the other hand we have Prof. Marek, of Budapest, and Prof. Ferdinand Kern, director of State Bacteriological Institutes, also of Budapest, who have been unable to confirm the presence of trypanosomata in cases of Beschalseuche, the term they use for maladie du coit. I had not up to the time of my leaving for the west seen any mention of the work of these two last named authors and was therefore of the opinion that the trypanosoma described by Buffard and Schneider would be very easy of demonstration, provided a suitable case was obtained. However, in spite of this previously formed opinion, I took considerable trouble to prepare special stains and other necessary material that the trypanosoma, if present, might not elude my search. In justice to the observations made and recorded by the above mentioned authors and others, I do not wish to state that the trypanosoma equiperdum of Buffard and Schneider is not the cause of the disease manifesting itself in Western Canada. Suffice it to .say repeated seavehes of the blood, vaginal secretion, synovia from the coxo-femoral joint; the brain, spinal cord and their fluids; the ovary, the mucous membrane of the uterus, &c., in fact almost every portion of the animal which would lend itself to the preparation of a smear, was at some time examined for the protozoan parasite in question, but these examinations resulted in negative findings. In connection with this microscopical work, I desire to state that all the cases from which material was obtained were of some standing and not the ones which from choice would be selected in view of our knowledge of diseases in animals and man caused by trypanosomata. One case, Brucefield Prince, was given more attention than any of the others. He was first seen by me on May 12 at the ranch of his owner, where a careful clinical examination was made. Clinically this animal presented unmistakable symptoms, the knuckling gait, swollen sheath, and facial paralysis involving both the upper and lower lips and the ear. There was an opthalmitis of the right eye, the membrane nicti- tans covering the lower third. This stallion was taken to the police barracks at Mac- leod, that an opportunity for a thorough examination of his blood and other body fluids might be obtained. Quantitative blood counts did not reveal a marked variation in the number of cells from those found in horses under ordinary conditions. An attempt to show the presence of the trypanosoma in the superficial circulation was made accord- ing to the method of Capt. Rogers* without success. During my stay in the Medi- cine Hat district this stallion was sent to Lethbridge, a distance of forty miles, in the hope that the trip would cause an eruption of fresh placques, but the fatiguing journey did not accomplish the desired object. From the time I first saw this stallion to the time he was destroyed at the quarantine ground, covered a period of only four- teen days, and this was hardly sufiicient, considering the maximum duration of this disease. Previous to destroying this animal, however, a number of flasks which had been prepared at the laboratory in Ottawa were partially fllled with blood and defi- brinated. These flasks were hermetically sealed and brought to the laboratory with me on my return. Dogs were inoculated with varying amounts, but none showed any general or local disturbance during the succeeding four weeks which they were under observance, and at autopsy did not show any lesions or variations from the normal. The last flask of blood opened at the laboratory six weeks after being drawn was still sterile. I merely mention this to indicate the possibility of taking blood in the field under adverse conditions and transporting it over a great distance and still have it uncontaminated from outside sources. From the report of Buffard and Schneider it is not surprising that this blood failed to give results on inoculation, as it was their experience that after forty-eight hours the blood of an affected animal would not infect dogs. Autopsies were held on one hundred and sixteen horses, of which two were stal- lions and one a gelding of doubtful history said to have been castrated on account of * ' London Lancet,' July, 1904, page 1,904. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a being affected with this disease, although the affection had not been positively diag- nosed as such prior to the castration. This gelding was the only case which presented any deviation from the autopsy findings on all the other horses examined, and in fact was the only case presenting a condition of the spleen closely resembling that described by Lingard as being characteristic of dourine in India. The clinical manifestations of this infection comprise a feature of the disease with which I have had but little experience, and therefore I deem it unadvisable for me to make any observations in this connection. With the pathological lesions I have endeavoured to make myself familiar, and will therefore briefly indicate the conditions found at autopsy. All cases upon which it was my privilege to hold post mortems were destroyed on account of their present- ing evidence of being affected with the disease, and with one or two exceptions were of long duration. On incising the skin the subcutaneous connective tissue is seen to be of a very yellowish tinge, there being very little fat present. The muscles are somewhat pale, but otherwise appear normal. On removing the hind-leg at the coxo-femoral joint considerable oedema is noted- about the joint ligaments and the ligamentum teres. The ligamentum teres is not of normal size in cases of some duration. The articulatory surfaces of this joint, parti- cularly that of the acetabulum, show in the majority of cases a distinct ulceration, usually somewhat triangular in shape and in one instance each side of this irregular triangle was one inch in length. The synovial fluid shows no alteration either in colour or consistency. On opening the abdominal cavity, fluid was invariably present in which were seen numerous nematodes, filaria papillosa, — these however, are usually met with in horses kept under range conditions and therefore bear no special relationship to the disease under consideration. The connective tissue in the abdominal cavity has the same yellowish tinge noted in connection with the subcut-aneous connective tissue. The mesentery also exhibits this peculiar coloration. The intestines are pale and on their serous surface evidences of a previous inflammatory condition are present. The spleen is of a grayish colour and the surface presents many petechial spots. In consistency the spleen is soft and flabby, pitting on pressure, the pit not resuming its natural position on the removal of the finger. In size it is about normal. The spleen of the gelding above referred to was about four times its normal size and very soft and friable. The colour was that of the normal organ. The liver appears very much shrunken in size, in some cases appearing to be but half that of the normal organ, and is of a much darker colour than is the case in horses not suffering from this disease. The organ is very firm with no evidence of cirrhosis. The capsule of the liver usually presents evidence of an old inflammatory process. The kidneys show no marked alterations. In the mares the vaginal mucous membrane is pale and of a leaden hue with some scars. There is an oedematous condition of the os, but otherwise nothing abnormal is noted. The uterus is usually of a leaden colour and the mucous mem- brane oedematous, in some cases the oedematous folds were very pronounced, increas- ing the size of the uterus considerably. The ovaries were invariably cystic, though I am not prepared to assert that this was due to the infectious process under discussion. None of the mares upon which autopsies were held had recently shown a profuse vaginal discharge indicating that all cases examined were more or less chronic. In the two stallions the general lesions were those described above. In addition there was an atrophy of the testicles amounting in one instance to the almost complete absence of testicular tissue. In one of these stallions, Brucefield Prince, there was a diffuse oedematous swelling of the sheath. No marked changes were noted about the penis save a slight roughness of the urethra. 74 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE I 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 E >>C !5 o ^53 in ^qSpAV "-" '^ '^- - '^- "^ '^ '-'■ - '^ "^ « ^-'oi't-' 2 -^.S a- « So;:® c r C: c o o 1^ o c o o o ^' t>r ;£)' '^ to t^ ui ?qSi3\^ lOO'ftOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ■ saraiu'BJf) W • sainuiBjQ ui ■ satauiBjf) UI • sauiui'BjJ^ UI ^qSi8AV • sstniu'Bjf;) ui qqg;3A\ • samui'BJf) UI ^qSwAV ! O t~ c; l^ :r t~ T-^ O t^ lO t^ O I:-- poooooooooooiooo© • © :s o © o •. © -^ C<5 t^ C^ O CO • -^ •© <(3 _bCg K ■.SSSSiS^®®'^'^©'^'^©'^©©©© <0©0©©-><©t--lCC-eared to be in good health, feeding well until February 7, 1905, when we find the following entry: — Not doing well, variable appetite, rather unthrifty, the hair appears as though greased, and when nibbed the wrong way, shows miich irritability of temper. If turned cut he will stand and shiver. The temperature as is usual at this stage is slightly above normal. April 1. — The animal exhibits severe nervous disturbance. When at large is al- most constantly in motion. Temperature 103, pulse 80. For some days some im- provement is shown, but on April 17th visible cerebral symptoms are exhibited, the animal running madly about, the eyes are exceedingly amaurotic, blood extravasations into the conjunctiva is noticed. * The ages given are those of the animals at commencement of experimenit. 94 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 April 23. — Appetite gone, much muscular inco-ordination. April 25. — Animal is now lying down and seems indifferent to surroundings. Tem- perature has fallen to 99. Died on April 30, 1905, of Pictou cattle disease, being sev- enteen months and six days from beginning of experiment, and eighty-two days after first suspicious symptoms. Post-mortem shows gross lesions, very similar to that of No. 1, but in this case the abdomen contains only a very small quantity of ascitic fluid, very little abdominal fat, layers of gelatinized fluid cover the visible viscera. Blebs of fluid standing out on omentum, the true stomach shows many ulcers, mostly old, the liver is slightly large and gray in appearance, spleen is normal in size, but darker than usual, heart and thoracic viscera are normal. Animal No. S. A heifer rising two years old, average size. — This animal was a good feeder and quite thrifty, growing nicely until April 1, 1905, when she exhibited dullness, variable appetite, mucous membrane pale, slightly yellow, eyes prominent and bright, tempera- ture slightly above normal, but rapidly falling when exposed to cold, pulse 50 and strong, little change noticed, except the progressive emaciation, which I may say is an almost constant feature of the disease, until May 13, when change for the worse takes place rapidly. Diarrhoea sets in, temperature falls to 99, pulse quick and weak, she gets up with difficulty, hind quarter seems paralysed. May 18. — ^Body is covered with cold sweat, abdomen very pendulous, the sub- maxillary tissue is dropsical. May 23. — There is twitching of muscles, an occasional tenesmus. Died of Pictou cattle disease May 30, 1905, being eighteen months and six days from beginning of experiment and sixty days after first indication of disease. Post morten. — The flesh is pale, and of slightly yellow colour. There is much asciates. The omentum is saturated with fluid. The coats of stomach are oedematous. considerable ulceration of true stomach, ulcers appear recent. In this case there is fluid under the mucosa of all the intestines, liver is somewhat small, substance shows fibrous bands, gall bladder very large, contains eighteen ounces dark green bile, kid- neys are very pale, pericardial sack contains five ounces fluid. Animal No. J/.. Heifer, one year old. — This was a very thrifty animal, and continued in appar- ently perfect health until June 19, 1905, when primary symptoms of cirrhosis set in. The more acute symptoms developed rapidly. By the 28th of June she had lost much flesh. Diarrhoea was not constant, appetite gone. July 6. — Temperature slightly sub-normal, pulse very intermittent. The skin and visible mucous membranes are of a decidedly yellow tinge. The eyes though amaurotic were not so bright as noticed in some other cases. There was swelling of the lower eye-lids. July 10. — Lying down, occasional tenesmus, temperature has fallen to 98. July 15. — Died of Pictou cattle disease, being nineteen months and twenty-one days from beginning of experiment, and twenty-six days from beginning of sickness. Post mortem examination reveals the usual gross lesions, ascites is very marked, and the mesenteric fat is decidedly yellow. The mucosa of abomasum hangs in loose folds, containing many ulcers. Many of these are pigmented. The mesenteric lymph glands are much enlarged and soft, the spleen pulp is very dark, the liver, though nor- mal in size, is exceptionally tough and shows fibrous bands. Animal No. 5. Steer two years old, native breed, not a very good feeder, of a nervous temper and did not thrive as well as some of the others. He was apparently healthy until HEALTH OF ANIMALS 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a February 2, 1905, when he began to lose flesh and had the appearance of a poorly kept animal. Other suspicious symptoms developed and by the 22nd March we were able to diagnose the disease as cirrhosis. Except for progressive emaciation little change was noticed until April 25, when he became decidedly worse. The symptoms became more pronounced. On May 12 he developed violent cerebral symptoms, was almost constantly in motion, occasionally shaking his head. Sometimes he would stop to take a bite of grass, but appeared unable to swallow (probably due to spasm of oesophagus). The amaurotic condition of the eye was very pronounced. Extra flex- ion of the knee, which I may say is fairly constant symptom, was very noticeable, the feet being raised higher from the ground than usual. The action, however, is slow, and the animal seems to hesitate at every step. On the 21st he seemed to have gained new strength. Cerebral sj-mptoms were ag- gravated, the animal running madly about until completely exhausted. He died May 23, 1905, being seventeen months and twenty-nine days from beginning of experiment and seventy days from date of first reliable symptom. Post mortem examination revealed the usual gross lesions. There was not, how- ever, so much ascites, nor was the gall so large as noticed in other cases, but the liver pulp was very gray. There was also much ulceration of the mucosa of abomasum. Animal No. 6. Steer two years old, small. This animal appeared perfectly normal until July 9, 1905, when he exhibited first symptoms of cattle disease. On August 1 the more acute symptoms developed. In this case which was the quiet or dull type, which I may say is the form usually met with in weak subjects, the animal would be found in a fence corner standing quiet or lying down, showing no inclination to join the herd, but rather a desire for concealment. August 5. — Diarrhoea has set in and the temperature is sub-normal QSf. The res- piration is deep, twenty to a minute, pulse 81. The eye is not so bright as in other cases, and there is no hemorrhage into the conjunctiva. The lower eye-lids are much swollen and there is evidence of much ascites. August 10. — Now lying down. The body is covered with cold sweat. Sticky saliva escapes from the mouth at intervals. August 11. — Semi-comatose. Died August 12, 1905, being twenty months and nineteen days from the beginning of experiment, and thirty-four days from the date v.'hen first symptoms were observed. Post-mortem examination shows the usual lesions. There was much ascites (fully six gallons). The abdominal fat was replaced with layers of jelly like lymph. The small intestines contained a considerable quantity of sand (this we have noticed in many cases). The stomach ulcers are much pigmented. Animal No. 7. Heifer one year old, average size. This animal showed no signs of illness until April 1, 1905, when we noticed the first symptoms of cattle disease. She, however, continued to feed well, and kept quite strong. On June 5 the characteristic symptoms developed abruptly, which were similar to those exhibited by animal No. 5. She died June 15, 1905, being eighteen months and twenty-two days from beginning of experiment and seventy-six days from date of first symptom. Post mortem examination showed a typical case of Picton cattle disease. Animal No 8. Steer, one year old, average size. This animal appeared to be healthy until July 15, 1904, when I noticed the following entry : — 96 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Not feeding well, losing flesh, and on August 8 slight diarrhoea and usual symp- toms of Pictou cattle disease. Sept. 1. — The acute symptoms (similar to No. 1) had developed. Died on Sep- tember 7, 1904, being nine months and fourteen days from beginning of experiment and fifty-four days from beginning of sickness. Post mortem examination showed a well developed case of Pictou cattle disease, the only peculiar feature being the presence of considerable abdominal fat. This, however, is soft and yellow. The liver was smaller than usual and apparently very cirrhotic. • Animal No. 9. Steer one year old, small. This was a very good thrifty animal until May 30^ 1905, when he presented the usual symptoms of cattle disease. About June 20 he seemed to improve somewhat in appearance, but by July 21 he developed the characteristic symptoms already described. These were, however, of the quiet type and he lingered along failing every day. He died on August 21, 1905, being twenty months and twenty-eight days from beginning of experiment and eighty-two days from date of first symptom. Post mortem examination showed the iisual pathological changes resembling those noted in case No. 3. Animal No. 10. A heifer one j^ear old. This animal was rather thin but appeared healthy until April 2, 1905, when first symptom was noticed. On April 12, diarrhoea and other acute symptons set in (similar to case No: 6). Died Jvme 2, 1905, being seventeen months and nine days from beginning of experiment and sixty-one days after first symptom of disease. Post mortem examination showed the usual lesions. Animal No. 11. Steer one year old, average size. This was a thrifty animal until April, 1904, when the usual premonitory symptoms were noticed. On May 1 the more acute symptoms developed. This, however, was a very chronic case. He would for a few days appear much better, then a return of the symptoms, and he would lose more than he had gained. He continued in this way throughout June and July. On August 1 the symptoms became more severe, the animal becoming very weak. On August 26 the temperature had fallen to 97. Died on September last, 1904, being nine months and eight days from beginning of experiment and one hundred and twenty-three days from date of diagnosis. Post mortem examination revealed the characteristic lesions of Pictou cattle desease, but no change was worthy of special notice, the liver to the naked eye show- ing much fibrosis. Animal No. 12. Steer one year old. This was a strong, healthy animal and a good feeder. He never gave evidence of sickness, and kept in fair flesh, however, he did not seem to grow as well as might be expected. He was killed on October 24, 1905, being twenty- four months from beginning of experiment. All the organs appear healthy to naked eye. except a few ulcers on miTCOus coat of abomasum. Dr. Higgins has found upon microscopic examination a slight deposit of connective tissue around the bile ducts with the usual pericellular extension, as well as other characteristic changes in the liver, and although this deposit was so slight that it would be impossible to detect its presence except under high power. Yet the result of this examination proves con- HEALTH OF ANIMALS 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a clusively that this animal, also, was affected with Pictou cattle desease although not exhibiting any clinical symptoms. This, I beg to say, is but another instance of the great assistance your inspectors derive from the Biological Laboratory under such capable management. Animal No. 13. Steer, one year old. The animal appeared in good health until about January 3, 1905, when he began to lose flesh. By February 1 the premonitory symptoms had developed, these becoming more pronounced until April 11 when the more acute symp- toms were observed. Died on May 20, 1905, being seventeen months and twenty-six days from beginning of experiment and one hundred and twenty days from first symjy- tom of disease. Post mortem examination showed the usual gross lesions of Pictou cattle disease. Animal No. I4. Heifer one year old. Appeared in good health until about April 17, 1905, when first symptoms of cirrhosis were observed. The more characteristic symptoms deve- loped about May 29, Appetite was very irregular, hind quarters became weak and paralyzed. On June 17 she became semi-comatose, pulse intermittent, temperature 99. Died on June 10, 1905, being eighteen months and twenty-six days from begin- ning of experiment and sixty-three days from date of first symptoms of disease. Post mortem examination showed organs to be in much the same condition as that of No. 1. Animal No. 15. Heifer, one year old. This animal was very thrifty. Early in June she began to lose flesh, but fed well until June 17 when the acute symptoms (similar to No. 5) developed. Violent cerebral symptoms were noticed. On June 16 she broke from the enclosure, becoming dangerous. Was shot on June 16, being nineteen months and twenty-two days from beginning of experiment and nine days after first symptom was noticed. Post-mortem examination revealed the usual lesions. There was not much ascites, but the mucosa of the true stomach was much ulcerated and the liver very cirrhotic. Animal No. 16. Heifer one year old. This animal appeared perfectly normal until June 2, 1904, when we observed the first symptoms of the disease. The more acute symptoms developed abruptly. These did not vary much in character from those exhibited by No. 3. She died July 19, 1904, being seven months and twenty-six days from beginning of experiment and forty-seven days from date of first reliable symptom. Post-mortem examination showed this to be a typical case of cattle disease. There was fully five gallons of ascitic fluid in the peritoneal cavity, while the stomach and liver gave the usual lesions. Third Experiment. To ascertain if the feeding of ' ragwort ' (which had been separated from the hay with which it was growing and thoroughly cured) would produce the disease. This test was conducted in a new stable, the subjects being two two year old steers, quite healthy, about same size and weight. . Animal No. 17 steer two years old was fed twice daily on chopped ' ragwort ' with a little bran, while animal No. 18 was fed twice daily on chopped oats straw with very little bran. Although somewhat thin No, 17 was 15a— 7 98 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 bright and aparently healthy until July 14, 1904, when symptoms of cattle disease developed abruptly, characterized by severe nervous disturbance and loss of power of the limbs, palpitation, rapid action of the heart, sub-normal temperature and extreme emaciation. Died on July 22, 1904, being seven months and twenty-eight days from beginning of experiment and eight days from date of first definite symptom. Post-mortem examination revealed a well developed case of Pictou cattle disease. Animal No. 18. Steer two years old. This animal continued in good health during the entire test and was slaughtered for beef on October 24, 1905, being twenty-three months from beginning of test. All the organs were upon careful examination found to be perfectly normal. This was verified by the pathologist after examining the specimens for- warded him. Fourth Experiment. To ascertain if ' ragwort ' if cut before flowering would produce the disease. A quantity of ' ragwort ' was cut before flowering and mixed with twenty times its buU; of clean-hay. A calf six months old (No. 19) was fed twice daily upon this mixture, also receiv- ing two pounds crushed oats. The feeding began on December 1, 1904. The animal did not grow well but appeared fairly healthy until May 1, 1905, when diarrhoea set in. He now failed rapidly exhibiting symptoms of nervovis disturbance, followed by notable dejection. He died on May 26, 1905, being five months and twenty-six days from begin- ning of experiment and twenty-six days from date of first symptom. Post-mortem changes did not vary much in character from those already described. Contact Experiment. Two healthy young animals (G and N) were on April 7, 1904, placed in an isolated stable and tied in the same stable with an animal suffering from cattle disease. All were fed on imported hay out of the same manger and watered from the one pail. During the summer the contact animals were kept in an inclosure with the animals affected with the disease. Ko precaution was taken in any way to guard against infec- tion. The contact animals remained perfectly healthy during the entire test and were slaughtered for beef on October 23, 1905. Post-mortem examination showed the organs normal as was verified by the patho- logist. Even more striking proof of the non-contagion of the disease will be found in the case of animal No. 18 (experiment No. 3). This steer was stabled during two winters and pastured during two summers with the ' ragwort ' fed cattle. Sixteen of these animals lived and died at his side. He fed over the ground on which they had fallen, was often noticed licking the sick ones when they were unable to rise. He was kept in an exactly similar way to the others except that ' ragwort ' was withheld. (See experiment No. 3.) . INOCULATION EXPERIMENT. The blood and ascitic fluid used in this test was obtained from experiment heifer No. 4. In his report upon the s]pecimens from this case, your pathologist states that the cirrhotic condition of the liver was mor^ extensive than in any of the experimen- tal cases that he had examined, thus leaving no room for doubt as to the reliability of the material employed. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Subcutaneous inoculation — Cow (B) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of fresh blood. Steer (J) — Thirty cubic centimetres of fresh blood. Steer (K) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid. Heifer (L) — Thirty cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid. Intravenous inoculation — Heifer (M) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of fresh blood. Heifer (O) — Thirty cubic centimetres of fresh blood. Intraperitoneal inoculation — Steer (D) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of fresh blood. Steer (A) — Thirty cubic centimetres of fresh blood. Steer (H) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid. Heifer (P) — Thirty cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid. These animals were inoculated on July 15, 1905, there was no swelling at point of inoculation or any ill effects of any nature. Temperature and pulse remained normal throughout. The animals were slaughtered between October 10 and October 31, 1905, Post-mortem examination gave no lesions of any description. A similar test in which guinea pigs were employed gave negative results. I beg to submit that the above experiments prove clearly that Pictou cattle disease is not contagious either by means of stable, pasture, contagion or inoculation, but is caused solely by the ingestion of ' ragwort ' or by some deleterious substance which it imparts to the hay. TREATMENT. As to treatment, I have very little to say. My observations during the past year confirm the opinion that the strychnine and iron treatment (outlined in my last sea- son's report) will in many cases prolong the life, and in incipient cases may enable the owner to get the animal into marketable condition, but medicine cannot repair the morbid changes in the liver, and it is very doubtful if much practical benefit can be derived therefrom. PREATINTION. Eradication of ' ragwort ' is the first essential. I believe, sir, that you are of the opinion that sheep and perhaps goats will prove a most valuable aid in the fight that should at once be made against this plant. I heartily concur in your opinion, and firmly believe that if sheep were confined in sufficient number upon weedy farms and concerted action taken to cut the weed wherever found, in a few years the land will be free from ' ragwort ' and consequently from cattle disease. The following experiment helps to confirm this opinion. Four sheep were con- fined since April 1, 1905, on four acres of very weedy pasture. The field (as will be seen from the photograph which I have the honour of sending you) is entirely free from ' ragwort ' while it is bounded on all sides by a luxuriant growth of the plant. More extensive experimentation, however, along this line is necessary before suffi- ciently reliable information is gained. ^V^lile it is generally admitted that sheep will destroy ' ragwort ' the opinion pre- vails that the plant has an injurious effect upon the sheep, first by causing sickness and death, secondly by staining the tissues and rendering the flesh unmarketable. All these are points of vital interest to the farmer and stock-owner, and I am glad to learn that you have under consideration a series of experiments which I be- lieve will be of most practical value. In conclusion, I am glad to be able to say that no contagious disease has visited this county during the year, although I have investigated the usual number of re- 15a— 7i 100 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ported outbreaks. I have, however, caused to be slaughtered sixty head of cattle, these being infected with Pictou cattle disease. Detailed accounts of each case have been forwarded to you. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, W. H. PETHICK, Ottawa. Inspector. F. S. MACDONALD, V.S. SouRis, P.E.I., October, 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a statement showing the number of cattle slaughtered for Pictou cattle disease and the amount of compensation paid therefor, during the twelve months ending October 31, 1905. In compliance with your instructions, I have investigated the reported existence of glanders at Big Pond and East Baltic. Mallein test chart and a report on the sub- ject have been forwarded to you. 1904. Number slaughtered. Amount paid. November .... December . .... 1905. January .... February • . . . March • • • • April 1 $ 20 May 3 . 56 June 9 112 July 8 138 August 5 82 September 1 20 October 3 50 Total 30 $178 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, F. S. MAODONALD, Ottawa. Inspector. G. TOWNSEND, D.V.S. New Glasgow, N.S., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I beg to submit my report of work done for the Department of Agriculture for year 1904-5. The only work I have been called on to do has been Quarantine Inspection of Pictou cattle disease in Pictou county. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a There have been from November 1, 1904 to October 31, 1905, forty cases, a de- crease from last year of forty-one in the county. I think the following will explain to some extent the great falling off in the number of diseased animals. The conditions in the province for the past year and a half have been exceptional, and the circumstances were such that practically placed the whole county in a feeding experiment. First. — In 1904 there was a very great shortage in feeding stuff, hay, straw, &c. Second. — On account of this, farmers rapidly disposed of a large number of their ^•attle naturally retaining when possible the strongest and most thrifty to carry through .the winter, and would also lessen the number of head in the districts. Third.— Large quantities of hay was imported from Quebec, which I have no doubt (in most cases) was better and more nutritious than that raised on the home farm where disease is found. Fourth. — There would certainly be no Senecio Jacobea or Stinking Willie which I believe is an exciting, or predisposing cause, if not the direct one of the disease. TUBERCULOSIS. I have met a few cases that have been suspected as Pictou county disease. In all cases where I thought advisable to have animals destroyed the owner has done so cheerfully although with no indemnity in sight. ANTHRAX. This has been the one little spot in the nature of work performed by me this year that has been out of the ordinary. Mr. John McLean, of Greenwood, Pictou county, came to me to see a two-year old bull that had died an hour previous, and said that he had lost a cow a week before under similar circumstances, and suspected Pictou county disease. The bull had been stabled the night before apparently healthy, in the morning was dead, lying on his sternum quite natural, as if there had been no death struggle. There was a bloody, frothy discharge from nostrils. On opening up abdomen large quantities of serum escaped also tinged with blood, spleen very much enlarged and full of dark clotted blood, in fact there were hemorrhages in nearly all the organs. The cow had been lost a day, and when found was lying down on sternum. No marks of struggling were present, with the same bloody frothy discharge from nostrils. Those were the first two animals that have died on the farm for thirty years from any cause. Never had black leg. I had animal burned and buried and stable, &c., cleansed and disinfected with carbolic solution and whitewash. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. GEORGE TOWNSEND, Inspector. 102 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 E. C. THURSTON, D.V.S. Sydney, C.B., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I beg the honour to report that since my appointment of inspector here last June, no live stock has been imported through this port, nor has there been any out- break of contagious disease in the district. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, E. C. THURSTON, Ottawa. Inspector. V. T. DAUBIGNY, M.V. Terrebonne, Que., October 31, 1905. Monsieur, — Pendant I'annee expirant le 31 octobre 1905, je n'ai fait aucune ins- pection. Sauf une, cependant, a Montreal, pour un cas de glanders suppose. J'ai visite a plusieurs reprises, la partie est de Montreal et n'ai decouvert rien relativement aux maladies contagieuses. En dehors de cela, j'ai donne des conferences dans diverces localites sur les glan- ders, gale, charbon, etc., etc. Get ete il ya eu des cas de charbon dans quelques endroits du nord de la province Q€ Quebec. Quant aux conferences, elles plaisent aux cultivateurs, qui comprennent bien ce qu'ils doivent faire en de pareils cas et apres I'explication de la loi sur les maladies contagieuses on ne m'a pas fait de remarques d'hostilite, ce qui est de bon augure. J'ai bien I'honneur d'etre, Monsieur le direct€ur, Votre tres devoue serviteur, Directeur Veterinaire General, V. T. DAUBIGNY, Ottawa. Inspecteur. J. D. WHYTE, D.V.S. Sherbrooke, Que., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this my annual report for the year end- ing October 31, 1905. GLANDERS. Total number of horses tested during the year, 101, of which 1 was tested twice, 2 were tested three times, they becoming ceased reactors, the two previous tests being made in the year 1904. Total number destroyed, 47. mange. Acting on instructions, I visited Chicoutimi, Que., to investigate the nature of an outbreak of a skin disease affecting horses in that district, which proved to be HEALTH OF ANIMALS 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a mange, which was quite prevalent in. that locality. Dr. T. K. Duchene, of Chicoutinu, being appointed to take charge of this outbreak. I also had three other cases, two at St. Ours, Que., and one at St. Denis, Que., one of the cases at St. Ours still being in quarantine. SUSPECTED ANTHRAX. I visited the parish of Yamaska, Que., August 31 to investigate a supposed out- break of anthrax, fifteen cows having died suddenly in that locality, all carcasses having been disposed of, and the symptoms described by the people were such that a satisfactory diagnosis could not be arrived at; advised cleansing and disinfection. I also visited La Baie du Febvre, Que., September 4, to investigate a supposed outbreak of anthrax, fifteen animals having died suddenly. As there were not any animals sick during my visit, and those that had died were deeply buried, I could not fully determine the nature of the disease. I requested Dr. Lahaye, of Nicolet, if any more died to forward specimens of the blood to the biological laboratory, Ottawa, which he did, and the result of the investigation was negative as to anthrax. I ad- vised cleansing and disinfection, and either burning the bodies or burying them in lime. TETANUS. Acting on instructions, I visited the premises of Luther Fuller, of Bolton town- ship, Quebec, who had two cows die in what appeared to him to be a pecuHar manner, but upon investigation the symptoms presented were those of tetanus. Had the pre- mises cleansed and disinfected. SUSPECTED HiEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEAMIA. I visited South Durham, Que., to investigate a supposed outbreak of hsemorrhagic seplicaemia, three cows having died suddenly in a pasture in which for the three pre- ceding years animals have died in somewhat the same manner, at a post mortem the lesions found not being characteristic, I forwarded specimens to the biological labor- atory, Ottawa, the results of which were negative. TUBERCULOSIS. I have tested, assisted by Dr. Etienne, one lot of 93 head of cattle for South Africa, of which 3 reacted. Have tested 9 head of pure-bred cattle for export to the United States, 5 head re- acting. Also have tested 4 head pure-bred cattle imported from the United States, not any reacting. Cattle tested not for export, 103 head, 23 head reacting, all reacting cattle being ear-marked. Making a total of 209 head tested. The following is the number of animals imported from the United States at this port : — ' Cattle 24 Sheep 1 Goats 4 Swine (for breeding purposes) 5 " (for immediate slaughter) 174 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, J. D. WBTTTE, Ottawa. Inspector. 104 DEPARTMENT OF AQRICVLTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 A. A. ETIENNE, M.V. October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report from December 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. During that time I have inspected 48 premises and tested with mallein 78 horses, out of this number 50 responded to the test and were destroyed, 24 giving clinical symptoms and the remaining 26 did not. The owners of 39 of these horses have received compensation. Out of the 78 tested with mallein 20 horses did not react, 6 horses have ceased to react, 23 horses were tested the second time, and 11 were tested the third time. On July 12 I was requested to visit St. Canute and examine several horses in that town, and in Ste. As^the des Monts that were reported as having mange. I found four horses owned by one man in St. Canute and one in Ste. Agathe that had mange. They were quarantined, treated and cured. On the 7th of September I received orders to visit St. Jerome and make an inves- tigation on seven farms where several cows had died, showing symptoms of anthrax; r.o action was taken, not being able to make closer examinations, for the animals had leen buried for several days. One person in St. Agathe was prosecuted and fined for disposing of a quarantined horse. I went to Shawinigan Falls and inspected premises where verminous bronchitis in hogs had existed for some time, which caused the deaths of over one hundred hogs, October 27 I went to St. Thomas de Pierreville and La Baie du Fevre and made a thorough investigation as tg the existence of sheep scab. I am pleased to report that this disease has been eradicated several years ago when all the sheep were dipped. While in La Baie du Febvre I was called to make a post mortem examination on a heifer that died of a very peculiar disease, on this farm 7 cows, 2 horses and 4 hogs having died, all giving the same symptoms. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, ' A. A. ETIENNE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. THOS R. DUCHENE, V.S. Chicoutimi, Que., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the year erding October 31, 1905, having started to work on the 15th of May last. MA^fOB. An outbreak of mange in horses in the county of Chicoutimi and Lake St. John came under my supervision, in which eighty-two farms were inspected, cne hundred and forty-two horses were involved and placed under quarantine, of which there is only eleven to be relieved now and all recovered after proper treatment. The disease seeins to be under control down here in Chicoutimi, but not in the Lake St. John district. GLANDERS. During the year I have tested in the county of Chicoutimi twenty horses with mal- lein, seven of which reacted and were destroyed and buried. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a In October last, I went down in the county of Saguenay upon special instructions, and there I have tested with mallein sixteen horses, five of which reacted end were by me marked E.K., five others were killed vpon clinical symptoms. In the Chicoutimi county I found that the most of the outbreaks can be traced to horses traded in the county of Saguenay and brought here by shantymen. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, THOS. E. DUCHENE, Ottawa. Inspector. J. D. DUCHENE, D.V.fe. Quebec, October 31, 190.5. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the year ending October 31st, 1905. GLAKDERS. During the year, I have tested 245 horses with mallein, 153 of which have lea.ted, 115 have been destroyed, 35 are quarantined under form No. 48, and 3 ceased reacting. Out of these which ceased reacting, 2 ceased at the third injection and the ether at the sixth injection. In my inspections throughout the province of Quebec, east of Montreal, I found some isolated cases of glanders, but on the north shore of the St. Lawrence river, I have inspected with Doctor A. E. Moore, an outbreak of glanders existing erst of th<3 Saguenay river from Kiver Ste. Marguerite to Eiver Portneuf, on a distance of about 85 miles. This outbreak of glanders is said to have originated some 4 years ago when gypsies traded some infected horse with a farmer of the district. Since that date infected horses belonging to farmers or to lumber companies specially in lumber camps have been in direct contact with sound ones and no one seemed to know the gravity of this malignant disease, and took no precautions what- MANGE IN HORSES. During the year an outbreak of mange in horses has been spread in the counties of Beauce and Dorches'er. I have visited 33 farms and quarantined 49 horses which have been treated, of which 44 are cured and 5 under treatmc- 1. SHEEP SCAB. I have visited 28 farms at»La Bale du Febvre, and examined 145 sheep. 65 were found to be affected and were treated by the dipping process and cured. No case of hog cholera has been reported to me during the past year. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, JOHN D. LUCHENE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 106 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 J. 0. GUY, D.V.S. St. Johns, Que., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my brief report from May 1 to October 31, 1905. For import — Cattle (Holsteins) 2 For export — Cattle 2 Sheep 6 N.B. — Inspected at port St. Johns for export to the United States for exhibition purposes : — Cattle (Short-horns) 13 Sheep 21 All animals inspected at the port of entry have been free from disease. I have notified the Department of Agriculture of the outbreak of a few cases of glanders which have occurred : at Napierville, 5 ; St. Alexandre, 1 ; Stanbridge Sta- tion, 1. These have been attended to by the inspector. Dr. Etienne, and reported to the department. The infection of glanders was brought from the United States by the exchange of horses between gypsies and our farmers. I have the satisfaction to state that there are no other signs of epizootic or en- zootic diseases in my district to my knowledge. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, J. 0. GUY, Ottawa. Inspector. A. McCOKMICK, V.S. Obmstown, Que., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report of work done for the year ending October 31, 1905 : — I gave health certificates for the following animals from this district for exporta- tion into the United States : November 22, 1904 — One registered lamb. September 11, 1905 — Thirty-seven head of cattle for exhibition purposes. October 2, 1905 — One registered lamb. October 2, 1905 — Ten head of cattle, grazers. October 16, 1905 — Twenty head of cattle, grazers. October 17, 1905 — Two registered Ayrshire calves. I am glad to report that there has been no outbreak of any contagious disease, and that the health of animals in this district has generally been good. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, AECH. McCORMICK, Ottawa. Inspector. HEALTH OF A:tfIMAL8 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A. SMITH, F.K.C.V.S. Toronto, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following brief report on the health of the domestic animals in the Province of Ontario, during the past year. HORSES. Have been generally healthy. A few cases of glanders have been discovered and reported to your department and promptly stamped out by the inspectors. CATTLE. Have been quite healthy. Tuberculosis no doubt exists to a slight extent, but certainly not to the extent it does in Great Britain. SHEEP. Have ako been healthy, with exception of a few cases of scab, which has been quickly dealt with. SA\TKE. Hog cholera and swine plague exists to a very limited ext-ent owing to the efficient measures taken by the various inspectors. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, ANDREW SMITH. Ottawa. WM. STUBBS, V.S. Caledox/ October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1905. During the year I have tested with tuberculin one hundred and forty-seven head of pure bred cattle for export to the United States, twelve of which reacted. I have tested for glanders with mallein nineteen horses owned by six different owners, eight of which reacted to the test and were destroyed. All the buildings and premises which I had placed under quarantine are now released. June 27 I visited Southampton, Bruce County, where it was reported that a number of cattle died suddenly under peculiar circumstances. After careful examina- tion I found the disease to be of a non-contagious character, and due to improper care and feeding. August 30, I assisted Dr. A. E. Moore to examine all the show sheep at Toronto Exhibition and found them free from scab and all other diseases. During the year, in the absence of Dr. Stork from the Toronto market, I in- variably visited that market, also the Union Stock market at Toronto Junction and found the stock remarkably free from disease. During my presence at the markets I looked after the cleaning and disinfecting of cars that came listed from quarantined districts. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, WILLIAM STUBBS, Ottawa. Inspector. 108 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 J. H. TENNENT, V.S. London, October 31, 1905, Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my annual report for the year end- ing October 31, 1905. TUBERCULOSIS. During the year I have tested with tuberculin 61 head of pure bred cattle for export. For shipment to United States 52 For shipmnt to Japan 9 Five of the above animals were found to be diseased, and were duly reported and ear-marked. SHEEP SCAB. Number of farms quarantined 71 Number of flocks affected with sheep scab 41 Number of flocks in contact with diseased sheep 30 Tlie sheep en the above "quaiantined farms have been twice dipped in lime and sulphur dip. I superintended the first and second dipping of the sheep on 29 farms and have since inspected them, all of which appeared to be free from sheep scab. It was reported to the departaent that skeep shipped from Owen Sound, and Chatsworth, to Toronto market, also from Oil Springs, and Brigden to Buffalo, were affected with sheep scab. Acting on instructions I visited, and inspected the sheep on 24 farms in the neighbourhood of Owen Sound, 30 faims in the neighbourhood of Chatsworth and 99 farms in neighbourhood of Oil Springs and Brigden, and found no sheep in the above districts affected with sheep scab. GLANDERS. During the year I have made 37 tests with mallein. Number of horses tes'ed 1st time 21 " " 2nd " 16 Five of the above horses reacted to the first test and also showed clinical symptoms of glanders and were destroyed; the remaining 16 horses which h:.d been in contact with the diseased five horses did not react to the second test, nor show clinical symp- toms of glanders and were released. Acting under instructions I visited and examined the horses that had been ex- posed to glanders on 33 farms, none of which showed clinical symptoms of the disease, consequently I did not submit them to the mallein test. BABIES. One dog showing symptoms of rabies was taken to the Pasteur Institute, New York, for examination, and was pronounced to be suffering from rabies. Nineteen dogs were quarantined, 12 of which were suspected of having been in con- tact with the rabid dog; the remaining 7 had bitten persons and were quarantined on suspicion. After being kept in quarantine the required time, and rabies not develop- ing among them, all were released. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ^ CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CARS. I superintendej the cleaning and disinfecting of 77 cars which cari-ied live hogs from the quarantined district. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, J. H. TENNEXT, Ottawa. Inspector, W. W. STOEK, V.S. Toronto, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report as inspector stationed at Toronto. During the year just past my time has been occupied inspecting stock at the different markets in and around Toronto, supervising the cleansing and disin- fecting of cars at different points, and investigating reported outbreaks of contagious disease in various parts of Ontario. I have made periodical visits to the camps of the different railway construction companies where large numbers of mules and horses are employed in railway work, have been present at all large horse sales in Toronto and have inspected the horses and mules belonging to the different travelling circuses which, during the summer months, visited Toronto. In the month of May, in company with Dr. James, of Ottawa, I tested a con- signment of dairy cattle for export to South Africa. Also tested, within the last year, fifty-two pure bred cattle for export to the United States. The following is a synopsis of the various investigations and outbreaks of con- tagious disease dealt with by me during the period covered by this report : ANTHRAX. During the month of August an outbreak of anthrax occurred in the vicinity of Collingwood, Ont., where on one farm within a few days three cows, two pigs and one sheep died, showing symptoms strongly indicative of this disease. The owner of these animals, while removing the hide from the first animal to suc- cumb, unfortunately became inoculated and died in a short time. Prompt measures in the way of quarantining and disinfecting were immediately enforced with the result that the disease was checked without further fatalities. GLANDERS. During the year I have made twenty-two investigations where suspected glanders has been reported, testing with mallein in all forty-seven horses, twenty-two of which 1 had destroyed as being diseased. The localities in which the disease appeared, the number tested and the number c'estroyed in each locality is as follows : — Tested. Destroyed. County of Addington 1 1 " Grey 5 4 " Hastings 8 4 " Huron .• 14 5 " Lennox 4 2 " Oxford 2 1 " Waterloo 1 1 " Wellington 9 2 " York (Toronto) 3 ' 2 no DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Wherever the presence of the disease was established strict enforcement of regula- tion regarding quarantine and disinfection of premises was carried out, and where- cver it could be established that a diseased animal had lately changed ownership, the premises formerly occupied by the diseased animal were visited, quarantined and disinfected, and all horses that I could trace as having been in direct contact with the diseased animal were submitted to the mallein test. SUSPECTED RABIES. During the latter part of June I visited the city of London, Ontario, and in com- pany with Dr. Tennent, of that city, spent some ten days in closely watching develop- ments in what was currently reported to be a case of rabies. The facts were that a child was bitten by a pet dog that had been observed acting strangely. The child's father, who is a medical practitioner, residing in London, immediately took both child and dog to a New York institute and shortly after their arrival there £> report was wired to the London Board of Health that the dog died of 'paralytic rabies.' Close inspection of all dogs in immediate vicinity of where the suspected animal had been at large failed to reveal anything abnormal in any of the canines, and although a close watch was maintained for some time, the reported case was the only one observed. HOG CHOLERA. During the past year there has been a marked falling off of reported cases of hog cholera, due no doubt to the rigid enforcement of regulations regarding shipment from suspected areas. Any investigations I have made of reported sickness in hogs have turned out to be minor ailments due either to injudicious feeding or unsanitary surroundings. SHEEP SCAB. During the year two separate consignments of sheep appeared in Toronto market showing the disease. These animals were promptly quarantined and slaughtered under inspection. The -pens occupied by them and the cars in which they arrived were held in quarantine and disinfected and all precaution taken against further s-preading of the trouble. I visited several quarantined farms during the summer and supervised the dip- ping of sheep, using the lime and .sulphur dip as prescribed by the department. MANGE. One case of mange in a horse appeared in Toronto, the animal was isolated and successfully treated. I have also visited Parry Sound district where disease in cattle was reported and found upon investigation the trouble was confined to a few calves that died of black quarter. There being no veterinarian practising in the locality, I had the owner procure from the department some blacklegine, the remaining calves were vacci- nated and the trouble disappeared. During my absence from Toronto on various investigations, Dr. Orchard, of Windsor, or Dr. Stubbs, of Caledon, have attended inspection duties at the different markets and I might say in this connection that within the past year the duties of inspection of these markets has become systematized, especially the supervising of disinfection of stock cars, and should by any chance^ as occasionally happens, a car HEALTH OF ANIMALS 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a be removed without being attended to, no pains are spared in having this car locate-5, brought back and cleaned to the satisfaction of the acting inspector. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. W. STORK, Inspector. The "Veterinary Director General. Ottawa. M. B. PERDUE, V.S. Chatham, Ont., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ending October 31. 1905. HOG CHOLERA. During the year there have been forty-five outbreaks of hog cholera, involving the slaughter of 1,032 hogs, which have been dealt with by myself and Drs. Orchard and Philips. With one or two exceptions the outbreaks this year all occurred in the counties of Essex and Kent. One exception which should, perhaps, be noted, occurred at Grimsby, in Lincoln county. The Grand Trunk railroad tracks cross this farm and the only way of accounting for the appearance of the disease in that locality is that it may have been carried by shipments of foreign hogs passed through Canada and spread by droppings from the cars. This line of railroad is a direct line from Detroit to Buffalo. The forty-five outbreaks of hog cholera during the past year is considerably less than one half the. number during the previous year when there were 105 outbreaks and the number of hogs slaughtered this year, 1,032, is only a little more than one-third the number slaughtered last year, when 3,011 hogs were killed. During the year ending October 31, 1903, there were 207 outbreaks and 6,543 hogs killed. This is more than four times the number of outbreaks this year and more than six times as many hogs slaughtered. I submit that this shows a decided improvement in the situa- tion as regards hog cholera and demonstrates, beyond question, the efficacy of the measures adopted by the department for the stamping out of the disease. When out- breaks have made necessary the quarantining of individual farms, I have this year generally found a prompt and cheerful compliance with the regulations in regard to cleansing and disinfecting, and there have rarely been second outbreaks where hogs were again kept after the raising of the quarantine. This is one of the most important and encouraging features of the improved conditions throughout the district. It is this co-operation of the farmers that makes the work of the inspectors effective. At the beginning of the fiscal year, certain townships in Essex and Kent counties and the Island of Walpole in Lambton county were under quarantine. As conditions improved throughout this district there were many complaints that this worked an unnecessary hardship on both farmers and shippers and on May 15 last, the quaran- tine was raised and new regulations substituted, providing for the inspection of all shipments of hogs from the entire district in which hog cholera had existed. Under these new regulations, there have been shipped from this district 671 ears, containing 67.950 hogs, all of which have been carefully ii:ispected before entering the cars. In all cases duplicate certificates of health are sent to inspectors at the point 112 DEPARTME-ST OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 of destination, where the cleansing and disinfection of the cars are superintended and certified to by them. There are more than forty shipping points in the district and as all shipments must be reported forty-eight hours before being made, it will be apparent that not only do the actual inspections require considerable time, but also that it involves considerable time at headquarters receiving report from the differeiit shippers and providing that the inspections be made without delay. During the year I have made several trips of general inspection throughout the district, and am pleased to report that no case of attempted concealment of disease has come under my notice. Heretofore there has always been more or less conceal- ment of the disease, but this year practically every case has been reported directly from the farmer. I have also visited a number of the fall fairs in the counties of Essex and Kent, where I have had an opportunity to meet and converse with the farmers and to see the different classes of stock. GLANDERS. In the vicinity of Amherstburg in Essex county. I tested two horses with mal- lein and found a reaction. They were afterwards again tested by Dr. Moore, who also found a reaction and had the animals destroyed. SHEEP SCAB. During an investigation in the vicinity of Watford and Inwood, in company with Doctors Mooije and Tennent, four outbreaks of sheep scab and one suspect came under my notice during the year. These cases were afterwards dealt with by Dr. Tennent. TUBERCULAR TEST. During the year I tested two head of cattle for export, neither of which showed a reaction. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. B. PERDUE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. G. W. HIGGINSON, V.S. EocKLAND, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report ending the year October 31, 1905. TUBERCULOSIS. During the year I have submitted to the tuberculin test, 390 head of cattle, 146 of which were for export, 14 of which reacted, 244 others were private tested, 16 of which reacted. \ HEALTH OF ANIMALS 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a GLAXDERS. During the year I have tested 158 horses with mallein, 37 of which reacted and were destroyed. Eight of these I tested three times and got a reaction at every test, three I tested twice and got a reaction in each case. Eight I destroyed on clinical symptoms. MANGE. An outbreak of mange in horses in. the county of Labelle, eighteen horses were placed in quarantine and proper treatment recommended. An outbreak also occurred in the county of Glengarry in the vicinity of Glen Robertson and Alexandria where nine farms were placed under quarantine, thirteen horses in all. All of which with the exception of two made a speedy recovery. Also had four horses under quarantine in the county of Prescott for mange. ANTHRAX. Erom your instructions I visited Oka on the Eiver Ottawa to investigate into an outbreak of disease among cattle that were grazing on a commons just outside of the village, some twenty-one having died previous to my visit. In a great many in- fstances there had been just a little earth thrown over the carcase, no precaution being taken to prevent the spread of the disease. I had all the carcasses exhumed and properly destroyed by burning them and had the grass around where they were previously buried covered by slack lime and recommended that the rest of the cattle grazing on the said commons be vaccinated. One man who had owned one of the cows that had died became inoculated by some means and died within a week's time, and the doctors diagnosed his case as anthrax. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, G. W. HIGGINSON, Inspector. G. W. ORCHARD, V.S. Windsor, October 31, 1905. Sm, — I beg leave to submit below my report for the year ending October 31, 1905. My work was confined to the counties of Essex and Kent, during the months of November and December, 1904, and January, 1905, and during that time I inspected thirty-eight cars containing 3,614 live hogs, consigned from the guaranteed area, to various packing houses for immediate slaughter. I dealt with twenty-two cases of hog cholera involving the slaughter of 539 diseased and contact hogs, for which $2,071.96 was allowed as compensation to the owners. During the above-mentioned period, I visited Amherstburg and inspected 240 sheep brought by "Walter Pabst, a settler from Montana, and found them all healthy. I also visited several farms under quarantine and on those that had been thor- ■ oughly cleansed and disinfected J recommended their release from quarantine. Dur- ing the year I tested with mallein five horses, two reacted and were destroyed; com- pensation allowed, $123.33. On February 8th, I went to Toronto and relieved W. W. Stork, V.S., insi>ector of ftock at the markets, and examined during Eebruary, 2,212 sheep and lambs. Although 15a — 8 114 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 scab in sheep, was somewhat prevalent in different sections of Ontario, I only found one shipment affected with scab while I was there, this lot was immediately quar- antined and the next day slaughtered, and the pens in which they were placed thor- oughly disinfected. After Dr. Stork's return to his work at Toronto, I visited the Niagara frontier, and endeavoured to better conditions at Fort Erie and Bridgeburg, at which point a great deal of stock from Ontario as well as stock in transit from the United States enters Buffalo for market or feeding. The months of April, May and June and some of July was spent by me principally at Buffalo, with trips along the frontier during the spare days keeping a close watch on the transit trade going through Ontario. While at Buffalo, I inspected for shipment to Ontario and Quebec: — Cars 211 Number of hogs 31,787 I was relieved from the above work in July, by M. Philps, V.S., who has since been moved to Bridgeburg, and I returned to Windsor and superintended the erection of a quarantine barn at this port, a building which was much needed, as a great deal of stock, generally in small lots, is brought in by way of Windsor. On August 16, I started on a tour of inspection of stations north and west, call- ing at North Bay, White River, Schreiber, Port Arthur and Winnipeg, and returning by the Rainy River district, stopping off at Rainy River, Emo and Fort Frances, a detailed report of" my trip was furnished the department at the time. Late in the summer permission was granted to inspect transit stock at this point at night, and I superintended the erection of proper lighting stands at the M. C. R. and Grand Trunk Railway yards. Owing to the necessity of taking care of our large export trade in sheep and lambs to Buffalo the department issued a regulation that all sheep must be unloaded and certified to at Bridgeburg, which necessitated the erection of proper sheds by the G. T. Railway for inspection purposes, these were erected and fit for use early in September, the sheds previously erected by the M.C.R. being used for stock coming over the M.C.R. and the Canadian Pacific Railway, following out your instruction. I have given Mr. Philps, V.S., inspector in charge of Bridgeburg, needed assistance at various times, and I am pleased to report that up 10 the present time there have been no sheep detained, all being free from disease. Owing, greatly to the stringent regulations issued in April last, compelling hog cars to be equipped with close-fitting doors and ten-inch foot boards and not allowing hogs to be shipped in dirty cars, or to be douched while ' in transit ' through Canada, and which regulations have been rigidly enforced by the inspector in charge at Windsor, the tone of this trade has improved greatly, and by lessening the chances of bringing disease into the country, will greatly facilitate the work of stamping out the con- tagious diseases which are now troubling the department. Especial care has been devoted to cleansing and disinfection of stock cars used in conveying hogs from United States markets to packing factories in Canada, and those cars used in carrying stock from infected districts to packing houses. At the beginning of the summer a great deal of dissatisfaction was expressed by some shippers where the different regulations were enforced, but I am pleased to state that most of them are now well pleased to obey the regulations in every particular. In concluding my annual report, I may state that my observations this year have shown me the great results derived by your department from the measures used in preventing the spread of disease. The benefits of careful guarding of the transit trade in hogs, the rigid enforcement of the dipping regulations, and the cleansing and disinfecting of premises, on which diseased animals were found, are now very apparent. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, GEO. W. ORCHARD, Ottawa. Ont. Inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a AETHUR BROWN, V.S. Sarnia, October 31, 1905. SiR^ — ^I have the honour to submit my report of work done for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905. On October lY, 1904, thirty-one hogs returning from St. Louis exposition were placed in quarantine. They consisted of two herds, thirteen and eighteen respectively. A week later the smaller herd showed symptoms of hog cholera; on November 4, the herd was destroyed, they having contracted the disease. On November 22, sixteen of the other herd were slaughtered (two having died) and a careful postmortem examination held on each hog ; ten were diseased with hog cholera and six were apparently healthy, although in contact. I may state that the owners of these hogs considered it a hardship and quite unnecessary to be detained in quarantine, but you insisted and had it not been for this good judgment the coun- try might have suffered a heavy loss as both these firms ship hogs to all parts of Canada. The domesticated animals in this locality are generally healthy, there being no contagious diseases among them with the exception of a few cases of tuberculosis and actinomycosis. The following animals have been inspected by me during the past year: — For Import — Horses 247 Cattle Y6 Sheep 221 Hogs. . , 1,222 For Export — • Sheep 2 Swine 2 Since April 1, I have examined 1,318 cars containing hogs crossing at this port from the United States, most of them going through Ontario to Buffalo, U.S., in bond. I found it necessary to return 35, they not being in a proper condition to proceed to their destination. T have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, ARTHUR BROWN, The Veterinary Director Genera^ Inspector. Ottawa. M. PHILPS, M.D., V.S. Bridgeburg, Ont., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1905. During the first eight months of the year my work was principally in the quar- antined area in the counties of Kent and Essex, and consisted of dealing with out- breaks of hog cholera inspections of shipments of live hogs and visiting farms already under quarantine to see that the cleansing and disinfecting regulations had been satisfactorily carried out. 15a— 84 116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 From November 1, 1904, to June 27, 1905, I dealt with nine cases of hog cholera involving the slaughter of 187 hogs, for which the department paid the sum of $808.32. I inspected at the various shipping points in the quarantined district ninety- seven cars containing 9,667 live hogs consigned to the packing houses mostly at Lon- don, Hamilton and Toronto. I visited thirty-three farms previously placed under quarantine and found that the cleansing and disinfecting regulations had been faithfully carried out and I accordingly forwarded recommendations for their release to the department. On June 27, I received instructions from you to proceed to Buffalo, N.Y., to relieve Dr. Orchard. My work in Buffalo consisted of the inspection of live hogs imported by the different Canadian packing houses. Up to the present date I have inspected seventy-six cars containing 10,260 live fat hogs imported by the packing houses of Ingersoll, Toronto, Hamilton, London, Peterborough and Hull, Que. On August 25, I was instructed to make my headquarters at Bridgeburg, Ont., where I have inspected the sheep exported to the States. So far there have been 47,707 sheep exported from this point, and sixty-seven horses were imported. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, M. PHILPS, Ottawa, Ont. Inspector. F. A. JONES, V.S. Windsor^ Ont., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of stock inspected at the Windsor quarantine station during the year ending October 31, 1905. Hog cholera came under my notice on several occasions which I reported to Drs. Orchard or Perdue, who acted promptly and there was no further spread of the disease. In addition to my duties as quarantine inspector, I have inspected at the M.C.R. Stock Yards, Detroit, 4,318 hogs consigned to the Ingersoll Packing Company of Ingersoll, Ont. They were shipped in thirty-three cars. The following is a statement of animals received into quarantine, also stock re- quiring inspection : — For Expont — Cattle 28 Sheep 1 Swine 17 For Imz>ort — Horses 101 Mules 44 Cattle 57 Swine 17 Sheep 21 Goats 1 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, F. A. JONES, Ottawa. Inspector. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a J. KIME, Jr., V.S. Chatham, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a report of the work done by me during the past year, from November 1, 1904 to October 31, 1905. During the year I have inspected forty-four car-loads of hogs for shipment, the total number of hogs being 4,064. No hogs have been slaughtered this year by me, all reports of outbreaks being reported to M. B. Perdue, the officer in control in this district. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JOSEPH KIME, Jr., Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. J. E. THOENE, V.S. Wallacebubg, Ont., October 31, 1905. Sm, — I beg to submit my annual report for the year ended October 31, 1905, as follows : — It pleases me to inform you that very little contagious disease in animals has existed in this district during the past year. HOG cholera. Only two cases of hog cholera have been reported to me in this district in the past twelve months, each of these being in the Gore of Chatham in the county of Kent. Fifty-two shipments comprising 6,072 fat hogs have been made under my in- spection during the past year from this district, direct to the packing houses for immediate slaughter. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. E. THOENE, Inspector, The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa, Ont. W. B. EOWE. Bleinheim, October 31, 1905. Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report ending October 31, 1905. During the past year, my work for the department has been principally inspect- ing hogs for shipment. I have inspected seventy-nine cars containing 6,232 fat hogs 118 DEPARTMENT OF AOBICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 for immediate slaughter and consigned to various packing houses. I also visited several farms under quarantine to see if they have been cleansed and disinfected in a satisfactory manner. Acting under instructions I visited a farm in South Colchester, as it was re- ported that they had some disease amongst their hogs, but it proved to be nothing but a form of stomach trouble, caused by improper food. I hereby state that no other disease of a contagious nature has came under my notice during the past year. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, W. B. EOWE, Ottawa, Ont. Inspector. G. H. BELAIEE, V.S. Pembroke^ October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to present my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1905. GLANDERS. During that period I have made forty-six tests with mallein; the horses were all in small lots being in sixteen different places: — Horses tested first time 46 " second time 4 Ceased reactors 4 Eight horses showing clinical symptoms of glanders and which reacted to the mallein test were destroyed. Two horses showing well marked clinical symptoms were destroyed without the application of the test. Four horses which reacted to the mallein test, but showing no clinical symptoms were destroyed, making in all fourteen horses destroyed. Nine of these horses were destroyed under the new compensation clause which came in force on March 25, 1905, the owners receiving compensation for these horses. The present system of dealing with glanders, under the new regulations, is a long forward step in the right direction and has proven very satisfactory to the pub- lic in general. The compensation paid by the government is, no doubt, instrumental in bringing out new centres of infection previously unsuspected. MANGE IN HORSES. Five cases of mange in horses came under my notice; they were in three different places. I immediately quarantined them, ordered treatment of the horses and thorough disinfection of the premises. These places were recommended for release when I was satisfied that mange no longer existed therein and that the premises were thoroughly cleansed and disinfected. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, GEO. H. BELAIRE, Ottawa, Ont. Inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a D. HENDERSON, V.S. Glencoe, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1905. During the year I superintended the dipping in lime and sulphur dip of 1,488 sheep, all of which were dipped the second time at intervals of from ten to twelve days from the first dipping. The above dip proved an excellent one, no bad results following in any case. I inspected 186 sheep at different stations for immediate slaughter under the de- partmental order of March 23, 1905. I issued thirteen health certificates for eighty-five sheep being exported to the 'United States. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, D. HENDERSON, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. A. E. JAMES, Y.S. Ottawa, October 31, 1905. Sm^ — I have the honour to submit herewith, my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1905. Glanders — One clinical case — destroyed. TUBERCULOSIS. Tested with tuberculin for Gunn & Sinclair for export to South Africa, 109 head milch cows (grade.) Reactions, 3. 51 head grade for Department of Agriculture for export to South Africa. Reactions, 0. 3 Head pure bred Ayrshire heifers for export to Japan. Reactions, 0. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. E. JAMES, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. J. B. HOLLTNGSWORTH, DY.S. Ottawa, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report from the date of my appointment, July 1, 1905 to October 30, 1905. I have tested six horses on four different farms, two 120 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 (»1 these reacted and -were destroyed. I also destroyed one horse without testing which showed clinical symptoms of the disease. Ill addition I have inspected five quarantined farms and found that the cleansing and disinfecting orders have been satisfactorily carried out. I have also inspected horses and premises where mange did exist and found animals successfully treated and no new cases of mange. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, J. B. HOLLINGSWORTH, Ottawa. Inspector. W. C. McGUIRE, D.V.S. Cornwall, October 31, 1905. Sm, — I have the honour to submit to you my report from the date of my appoint- ment, April 25, 1905, to October 31, 1905. During the above period I have inspected 1,320 sheep for exportation to the United States, all of which I found in a healthy condition. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, W. C. McGUIRE, Ottawa, Ont. Inspector. D. McALPINE, D.V.S. Brockville, Ont., October 31, 1905. Sir,— I have the honour to submit to you my report of the year 1905, October 31. During the year, I examined for export, four hundred and thirty-two sheep, and twenty-eight head of cattle. I was called to investigate two cases of suspected glanders, but upon two injections of mallein with no reaction they were discharged. One case of suspected hog cholera, where twenty-one hogs had died, but on investi- gation found death was due to injudicious feeding. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, D. McALPINE, Ottawa, Ont, Inspector. J. M. FAWCETT, V.S. Palmerston, October 31, 1905. Sir, — In the month of May, I examined eleven cars and saw that they were pro- perly cleansed and disinfected. In June there were ten; July, one; August, two. These were all cleansed before they were used again. This is all I have done. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, J. M. FaWCETT. Ottawa, Ont. Inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a H. J. LUNDY, V.S. Emo, Ont., October 31, 1905. Sm, — I beg leave to submit my annual report for the year ending Octoljer 31, 1005. I have examined eight head of cattle during the year, all of which I found free fi'cm disease. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, H. J. LUNDY, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa, Ont. T. E. WATSON, V.S. Niagara Falls South, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report of animals inspected by me at this port of entry during the year ending October 31, 1905. Horses 27 Cattle 18 Sheep 34 Hogs 17 Three of the cattle were held and subjected to the tuberculin test, none of them reacting. Hog cholera which we have had more or less of for several years has not made an appearance in this district this year. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. THOS. E. WATSON. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. Ont. C. D. McGILVRAY, M.D.V. Winnipeg, October 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report on the diseases dealt with by me from the time of my appointment as a veterinary inspector, on February 25, until October 31, inclusive. This period of eight months has been taken up chiefly in dealing with outbreaks of GLANDERS throughout the province of Manitoba, during which time I have submitted 747 animals to a first mallein test. Out of these 26 were retested a second time at the expiration 122 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 of 40 days from the time of the first test, 20 out of this 26 had not reacted to a first test, and as they again proved negative to the second test, were released, the other six had reacted either typically or atypically to the first test, and upon being submitted to a second test with mallein, three of them gave a typical reaction and were therefore slaughtered, the remaining three having failed to react to the second test, were again submitted to a third mallein inoculation at the expiration of 60 days from the time of the second test and again they proved negative to the test. These three latter ceased reactors, i.e., they had reacted to the first test but failed to react to the two subsequent tests conducted at intervals of 40 and 60 days respec- tively, have not been released but are allowed to be retained by the owner for use un- der the following restrictions contained in a license form, viz. : that they are not to be disposed of nor allowed to come in contact with other horses, but stabled separately and to be fed and watered in separate utensils, they are likewise not to be stabled in any public stable or stalls and are to be kept available for inspection at any time by an authorized veterinary inspector. In all 287 animals have been destroyed by me for glanders, of which 284 were destroyed as results of a typical reaction to a first mal- lein inoculation and the other three as result of reaction of both first and second tests. Out of the 287 slaughtered, 101 were showing more or less clinical symptoms of the disease, thus leaving 186 contact infected animals slaughtered as result of a typi- cal reaction to the mallein test. RECAPITULATION. 747 animals submitted to a first mallein test. 26 animals submitted to a first and second mallein test. 3 animals submitted to a first, second and third mallein tests. 284 animals slaughtered as result of a typical reaction to a first mallein test (101 of these were showing more or less clinical symptoms of glanders). 3 animals slaughtered as result of reaction to both first and second mallein tests. 20 animals proved negative to both first and second mallein tests, therefore were released. 3 animals reacted to a first mallein test but failed to react to second and third tests conducted at intervals of 40 and 60 days respectively and are therefore classed as ceased 'reactors. A question may arise as to why should the disease be so prevalent and widespread in this to you new territory, to this there can only be one reply, the lack heretofore in this province of an adequate and effective policy of dealing with outbreaks of glanders. Previous to February, 1905, at which time this province came under the direct control of the Dominion Contagious Diseases Act, there was no provision made for the compensation of owners for animals destroyed for glanders except wherein provided by the rural municipalities, hence in many outbreaks of the disease the clini- cally affected animals were the only ones dealt with. The remaining contact animals were not in many instances subjected to the mallein test and were either overlooked or simply held under observation for a short period awaiting developments of clinical symptoms. As you are aware quarantining in the case of contact infected animals is of little use except the period were an extended one of months and years instead of weeks, as animals affected with an occult or latent glanders (pulmonary glanders) may he to outward appearances apparently free from the disease and remain so for a con- siderable length of time and still in the meantime be capable of infecting and thus transmitting the disease to other healthy animals giving rise to fresh outbreaks. Again, where the contact infected animals were subjected to the mallein test and did react slaughter was not in all cases enforced and could not be for want of an ade- quate compensation policy. Hence in some cases the owners now being placed in possession of information as a result of the mallein test giving them a knowledge as to the condition of these con- HEALTH OF ANIMALS 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a tact infected animals, an information and knowledge to which they had no moral right to and under existing conditions never should have had, they very often at a favourable opportunity disposed of these reacting animals to some unsuspecting pur- chaser from a distance. It will thus be seen that prior to that time, (February, 1905), when this province came under your control there was prevalent what might be called a migration of con- laet infected animals from one part of the province to another, thus constituting new areas of infection and giving rise sooner or later to fresh outbreaks of glanders. I am satisfied, however, that the regulations and methods of dealing with out- breaks of glanders inaugurated by you here in February, and now in force of sub- mitting all animals affected with or suspected of being affected with glanders to the mallein test and destroying all reactors is the best and most effective means of dealing with and eradicating outbreaks of the disease and that with the least material sacri- fice. This would only be obtained by means of compensation being paid to owners lor animals destroyed. That the owners themselves realize this fact and appreciate this material assistance rendered, viz. : Adequate compensation being paid for animals destroyed is sustained and borne out by the number of requests received by letter from owners whose animals have been in contact more or less with other glanderous animals that their animals be submitted to the mallein test by authorized veterinary inspectors, and are willing to abide by the results of the test, consenting to have the animals which react to the test destroyed and thus eradicate from their premises animals to which strong suspicion must always attach even if they do not in the near future develop clinical symptoms of the disease. Another source of infection has been the number of contact infected horses (though to outward appearances apparently healthy horses at the time of importation), sold by dealers in the United States to unsuspecting purchasers, bought over here and sold to parties in Manitoba upon whose premises they sooner or later give rise to an outbreak of glanders. The class of horses chiefly responsible for this are the unbroken range horses brought from the States of Dakota and Montana, conclusive evidence of which I have placed in your hands from time to time in my reports. GLANDERS EST MAN. One case came under observation wherein a young man, aged 22 years, contracted glanders from a clinically affected mare on his father's premises. The deceased became inoculated on August 20 and died on September 8, the disease lasting a period of 18 days. The following symptoms and stages of the course of the disease were obtained from information received from the parents and the attending physician. Dr. Ross, of Selkirk. Period of incubation. — Was of two days' duration as diseased unquestionably became inoculated on Aiigust 20 and on August 22, or two days later, he first began to ail and complained of feeling sick and languid. Period of premonitory illness. — Began on August 22 'when patient first began to ail, on the 23rd appetite became impaired and patient began to complain of pains in region of loins and hips. Period of pronounced Ulness. — This began on August 26, on which date patient became suddenly worse, refused all food, complained of pains in all his joints (the articulation and synovial membrances becoming involved). On this date a physician was called and diagnosed the case as probable typhoid fever. Period of eruptions or nodular stage. — On September 3, or fourteen days after time of inoculation, the first clinical objective symption appeared as a large nodule or pimple on the forehead which was hot and painful to the touch. Two days later, September 5, nodules were rapidly increasing in numbers and size and appeared now simultaneously on the chest, arms and legs, and these became extremely painful as veil as the joints affected. 124 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Pustular period and ulcerative stage. — On September 6, the nodules had devel- oped into pustules and became ulcerous, the attending physician became suspicious and called in another physician in consultation who diagnosed disease as glanders, word was sent to this branch that an inspection be made of their horses. I went and examined horses on the premises and found one aged mare showing well marked clinical symptoms of glanders. From this date the pustules and ulcers developed very rapidly , the nose and eyelids became ulcerated and discharged a viscid bloody dis- charge, patient sank veiy rapidly and succumbed to the disease on September 8, literally covered with pustules and ulcers. MANGE OF HORSES. Several outbreaks of mange were reported during the past summer. I inspected eight outbreaks and quarantined on premises affected sixty-four animals in all. Of these, forty-two have been successfully treated by the owners and being cured and free from the disease have been released. The remaining twenty-four are still in quar- antine under treatment and will be kept under quarantine regulations until satisfied that they are cured and free from the disease. Owners have very readily adopted satisfactory treatment along the lines recommended in the mange bulletin published by the department. SWAMP FEVER (SO-CALLED). Several outbreaks reported as suspected glanders, have upon inspection proved to be the disease known here as ' swamp fever.' Under this head is included all febrile conditions of an intermittent type characterized by periodical exacerbations sooner or later resulting in a progressive emaciation, anaemic membranes, oedematous swellings of limbs, sheath and under abdomen, a critical polyuria, dicrotic pulse, cardiac insuffi- ciency associated with venous regurgitation, in spite of a well maintained appetite emaciation reaches an advanced stage, inco-ordination of movement becomes marked especially hind extremities, the course of the disease is usually prolonged and in- variably terminates fatally. Treatment has been unsuccessful. This disease, how- ever, has not been so prevalent in the province during the past summer and is appar- ently decreasing. MALARIAL AND TYPHO-MALARLUi FEVER. Under this head is included acute febrile conditions ushered in by a high initial temperature, partial or complete loss of appetite, marked dullness, injection of mucous membranes sometimes icteric (yellowness) thoracic complications with tendency to- wards pleuratic and pericardial exudations, cardiac complications with a tendency towards the formation of ante-mortem clot, presence of the costal groove or (heave line), oedema of limb and sheath, inco-ordination of movement in some cases. A cough is seldom if ever met with as a primary affection in this disease. The disease usually runs an acute or sub-acute course, mortality is high especially where animals are kept at work too long, it is, however, amenable to treatment and quite a large per- centage recover if appropriate treatment is resorted to in early stages and animals are refrained from all work until entirely recovered. It has been quite prevalent throughout the province this summer. INFLUENZA ; TYPHOID-INFLUEINZA, SHIPPING FEVER, ETC. Quite a number of reported outbreaks of suspected glanders have upon inspection proved to be nothing more or less than one of the various ' catarrhal fevers.' Under this head is included all infectious febrile conditions associated with an affection of Ihe respiratory tract; ushered in by a high initial temperature, congestion and swell- ing of the eyelids and a * weeping ' from the eyes very frequently, total inappetence HEALTH OF AyillALS 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a usually, cough, quickened pulse and increased respiration pulmonary and abdominal complications sometimes occur. These diseases are quite amenable to successful treat- ment and were very prevalent here during early summer, in fact very few large stables were exempt or escaped having a siege of it, but mortality was low. BLACK-LEG OR QUARTER-ILL. Several outbreaks amongst cattle have been reported from various parts of the province, it is, however, chiefly indigenoiis and restricted to the lands adjacent to and in the larger lake districts (Lakes Winnipeg and Winnepegosis). No further action was taken in these reported outbreaks otherwise than inform- ing owners as to the nature of the disease and its prophylaxis, advising owners to re- resort to the protective inoculation of animals by means of the blacklegine furnished by the department at a small initial cost, the removal of animals from infected pas- tures and disposal of the carcases of dead animals. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, C. D. McGILVRAY, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa, Ont. F. TORRANCE, B.A., D.V.S. Winnipeg, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the investigation of swamp fever of horses, carried on during the past year 'by Dr. Bell and myself. Our first case was secured in June, a sorrel mare, aged nine, showing the usual symptoms of the disease, anaemia, emaciation, fever, &c. A blood count showed the red corpus- cles reduced to 2,700,000, and as it was evident that she could not live, we decided to kill her at once, and make cultures from various fluids of the body. She was killed by intravenous injection of strychnine, June 24, and cultures made from several organs and fluids, especially the cerebro-spinal fluid, which we were particularly desirous of testing in consequence of the symptoms of inco-ordination so prominent in the disease. Our cultures, however, proved sterile. Some time elapsed before other cases could be procured, as the disease is fortuna- tely decreasing, and cases are not nearly as numerous, as a few years ago. At length I was able to get two cases through the kindness of Dr. Taylor, of Portage la Prairie. One of these, however, was so far advanced, that it became exhausted by the railway iourney, and could not reach the stable, but had to be killed and utilized for post- mortem examination only. The other one remained under observation for some weeks, during which frequent examinations were made of the blood, and a special study of the foeces was made. The object of this was to discover whether any special organisms were present in the intestinal tract, and if so to determine their relation- ship to the disease. Only the ordinary fauna of the intestine were found. We were disappointed with this result, as Dr. Bell thinks the disease is probably caused by auto- intoxication from the intestinal tract by absorption of toxins of bacterial origin. This is a point requiring further study. Unfortunately, this case died suddenly, and we were unable to make the post-mortem for some ten hours, so that our cultures were' of no use. The usual gross lesions were observed, and the case was typical of the disease. Two other eases were under observation, and examined post-mortem, but without throwing any light upon the pathology of the disease, as neither of them could be con- sidered typical. 126 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906 Of all the cases under observation this year, only one of them proved a suitable and typical case of the disease, the others being either too advanced or complicated by other diseases, so that we were hampered by lack of material. In one respect this is a fortunate circumstance, for it shows that the disease, which a few years ago, was a serious drawback to agriculture in this part of Manitoba, is much less prevalent than it was. Whether this is due to climatic changes, or to improved drainage and sanita- tion of stables, or other causes, we cannot at present determine. However, we have reached a point in our investigation, where we can reasonably exclude trypanosomata or plasmodia from the possible causes of the disease. The blood has been examined so often, and in such a number of cases, that if either of these parasites had been present at any time, they could hardly have escaped detection. The marked resemblance between this disease and ' Surra,' lent a strong probability to the theory of a blood parasite being the cause, and our work has hitherto been largely along that line. We now turn to another field of investigation, in which we have already done some work, the intestinal tract. Here we hope to find bacteria, secreting toxins having a hsemolytic action on the blood, and in this way producing the anaemia characteristic of the disease. This is a task of great difficulty, owing to the presence in the intestine, normally, of a larger number of harmless bacteria from which the pathogenic ones can only be separated by tedious laboratory methods. I have the honour to be, sir, Yours respectfully, The Veterinary Director General, F. TOEEANCE, B.A., D.V.S. Ottawa. CHAS. LITTLE, V.S. Winnipeg^ October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this my annual report for the year ending October 31, 1905. The following is the number of animals imported from the United States : — Horses 3,520 Mules 331 Cattle 2,530 Sheep 98 I have kept a strict watch on all cattle shipped from the western ranches so as to prevent any affected with mange escaping that might have been overlooked by the inspectors when loading er developed in transit. The number shipped through to date is 49,748 and 9,208 shipped to Winnipeg for home consumption. I am pleased to state that a very few with any appearance of mange arrived here, even a good deal better showing than last year. TUBERCULOSIS. I have tested five head of pure bred cattle for export to the United States and found all healthy. GLANDERS. Since February 25 I have made 37 tests with mallein. The total number des- troyed was 40, twenty-four of which were destroyed on clinical symptoms alone and sixteen after being tested. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, CHAS. LITTLE. Ottawa. Inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a J. P. MOLLOY, M.D.V. Morris, Mak., October 31, 1905. Sib, — ^I have the honour to report that, beginning April 19, 1905, and ending October 31, 1905, that I have subjected to the mallein test four hundred and seventy tour horses, destroyed two hundred and twenty-nine, ninety-three of which were clinical and a hundred and thirty-six contact infected animals. Two hundred and fifteen were destroyed on first test and fourteen on the second test. I have the honour to be, sir, • Your obedient servant, J. P. MOLLOY, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. P. A. EOBINSON, V.S. Emerson, Man., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report of stock inspected at this port for the twelve months ending October 31. During the year just closed, I have inspected 1,010 settlers' horses and 1,317 cattle. The number of horses imported for sale is 1,301. The inclosed statement shows the number of animals imported each month. At the Port of Gretna I have inspected 70 horses imported for sale. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, P. A. ROBIt^SON, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. R. D. SCUEFIELD, M.D.V. CiRYSTAL City, Man., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to report on the health of the animals inspected by me ill this district. The most of our entries here are settlers from North Dakota, U.S., ■who cross the boundary here destined principally to the North-west Territories. The stock imported has been of an average quality, some very good cattle having been brought in by settlers. I have inspected and submitted to the mallein test 65 horses suspected of being affected with glanders, of which 23 were slaughtered by consent of owners and the department. Most of these slaughtered were clinical cases. I have had one outbreak of blackleg, in which five cases had died. I advised vaccination and have had no further trouble since. I had a large outbreak of influenza in spring. The type is now gradually dying out, otherwise the health of our animals is fairly good. I have the honour to ho, sir, Your obedient sevan\ R. D. SCUEFIELD, The Veterinary Director General. • Inspector. Ottawa. 128 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 W. LITTLE, V.S. BoisSEVAiN^ Man., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report of animals inspected ])y me at the ports of Deloraine and Killarney, Man., for the year ending October 31, 1905 :— Animals inspected at Deloraine — Horses 303 Mules 8 Cattle 214 Sheep Of the above, 53 horses were for sale; 250 horses, 8 mules, and 214 cattle were settlers' effects. Animals inspected at Killarney — Horses •• ' 456 Mules 10 Cattle 299 Sheep 61 Of the above 63 horses were for sale; 393 horses, 10 mules, 299 cattle, and 61 sheep- were settlers' effects. I have had one outbreak of glanders among horses during the year, three animals being affected. One horse showing clinical symptoms was destroyed at once and the other two were subjected to the mallein test, and both giving a suspicious reaction, were quarantined and retested in 30 days, both giving a high reaction, when they were slaughtered. Two of these animals came into Manitoba from Billings, Mont , during the summer. I have had one outbreak of mange in horses during the year, eight animals being affected. They were treated by the dipping tank process. The disease was intro- duced into this herd by western horses brought from Alberta. I have the honoiTr to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. LITTLE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. WM. LESLIE, V.S. Melita. Max., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of stock entered at the customs port of Melita for the year ending October 31, 1905 : — Horses 180 Mules 8 Cattle 60 Of the above stock entered 133 horses and three cattle were for sale, the balance- being entered as settlers' effects. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a I also saw one outbreak of glanders on a farm where eight horses were subjected to the mallein test and having reacted were promptly valued and destroyed. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, W. LESLIE, Ottawa. Inspector. ] J. A. STEVENSON, V.S. Carman, Man., October 31, 1905. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit my annual report of inspections for the year ending October 31, 1905. GLANDERS. Number tested by mallein test first time. 30; number destroyed, 3. MANGE IN HORSES. An outbreak was reported from the west end of this district. Visited this part and quarantined two horses and gave owners proper instructions. The health of animals in this district is fairly good. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, JAS. A. STEVENSON, Ottawa. Inspector. W. A. SHOULTS, V.S. Gladstone^ Man.^ October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending October 31, 1905. GLANDERS. Since February 1, I have applied the mallein test to one hundred horses, twenty- nine of which reacted and were destroyed; fifteen horses exhibiting pronounced and unmistakable clinical symptoms of glanders were also slaughtered, making a total of forty-four horses destroyed for glanders. MANGE. I have also had occasion to deal with three small outbreaks of mange, which in- volved only thirteen horses, and were controlled without difficulty. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, W. A. SHOULTS, Ottawa. Inspector. 15 a— 9 130 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 A. McMillan, v.s. Beandon^ Man.^ October 31, 1905. Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith the annual report of work performed by me for the Department of Agriculture for the year ending November 30, 1905. I was instructed by the Veterinary Director General to proceed to the farm of John Alteman and investigate an outbreak of glanders, which I did on the 3rd of March. I foiind one case of clinical glanders, which I immediately destroyed, and tested the remaining six, four of the number reacting and were destroyed. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. McMillan. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. COMMISSIONER A. B. PERRY. Regina, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for the year ended October 31, 1905, on the work performed in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatche- wan, for the Health of Animals Branch of the Department of Agriculture, by the veterinary stafi under my directions, together with the reports of the individual inspectors, as follows : — General report — Inspector Burnett, Veterinary Surgeon R.N.W.M. Police. Battleford District — Veterinary Staff-Sergt. Meakings. Calgary District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. McVeigh and Busselle. Edmonton District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergt. Sweetapple. Lethbridge District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. Gallivan, Greenwood and Johnson. Maple Creek District. — Dr. Hargrave, V.S., Veterinary Staff-Sergts. Littlehales and Olsen. Macleod District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. White, Douglas, and Veterinary Sergt. McCreight. Prince Albert District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergt. Mountford. Regina District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. Ayre, Gray, Dennis, Mitchell and Peorry. The veterinary staff employed at this date is as follows : — Permanent — Veterinary surgeons, members of R.N.W.M Police 19 Civil practitioners, permanently employed 3 Total 22 The staff was temporarily increased during the enforcement of the compulsory dipping order in the quarantine area, and during the stock shipping season, by seven (7) civil practitioners, who were engaged for short periods. In addition, civil practitioners were employed at irregular times, at Calgary and Battleford, where the permanent staff, either through press of business, or sickness. ^^ere unable to attend to the work. This year the work has been carried on under the supervision of Inspector Burnett, veterinary surgeon of the R.N.W.M. Police, who has had eighteen years' experience HEALTH OF ANIMALS 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a in the western country, an experience that it is absolutely necessary that a veterinary surgeon should have, if the work of your department is to be successfully performed. Lispector Burnett's presence at headquarters has been of great advantage. The staff is distributed in two provinces in accordance with the requirements of the work, the general idea ^ing to have an inspector ready at hand in every part of the country, to deal promptly with any outbreaks. The distribution has varied, as the press of work in one district compelled the sending of assistance from another. The work has been heavy, and with the staff available, large though it seems, the work has not always been kept up to date. I am able to assure you that the veterinary i)ispectors have worked very hard, and have, especially during the winter months, suffered a great deal of hardship in carrying out their duties. The outbreaks of disease are often long distances from any railway, and this means that many days ace taken in dealing with them. Six (6) veterinary inspectors are permanently stationed at the customs ports of entry : Twin Lakes, Coutts, Pendant d'Oreille, Willow Creek, Wood Mountain, and ^N^orth Portal. They must always be in attendance at these points, so that their ser- vices are not available for the general work. The inspection of stock, shipped from the quarantine area, occupies a great deal of time, especially during the four months of the export shipping season. This is work which cannot be delayed, and demands immediate attention. The staff appears large, but when the * fixed charges ' on them are deducted, it greatly reduces what I might term the fighting force. I hope that in the near future the inspection of shipments may be suspended, when I shall be able to concentrate our efforts on the stamping out of disease. We have to combat three prevalent forms of disease among horses: glanders, maladie du coit, and mange; and among cattle, mange. Other stock is healthy. Inspector Burnett has dealt with all these in his report, and I only desire to add a few words to emphasize the wisdom of the policy adopted by you, and which is being persistently carried out by us. Taking glanders first, which has caused the greatest loss of valuable stock. Wher- ever an outbreak is discovered or reported a veterinary inspector is promptly detailed to examine all the horses. His duty is to at once destroy all showing clinical symp- toms; to test all which have been exposed to the contagion, and to destroy any react- ing; to see that stables, &c., are thoroughly disinfected; and finally, to attempt to trace the source of the disease. This often leads to the discovery of other cases, where the same has to be again done. Frequently the source is found to be a large band of horses, running in the open. These are usually unbroken, and the difficulty of examining and testing, can only be understood by those accustomed to range horses. As an instance of this I may mention where it was reported a number of horses, sold in Manitoba, from a ranch in the southern part of Saskatchewan, had been slaughtered on account of glanders. On examining the band, which numbered 500 head, two very bad cases of glanders were discovered. The whole band is now under quarantine, and these 500 unbroken horses must be tested, a tremendous task. These horses were imported from the United States two years ago, and were inspected at the time. As Inspector Burnett remarks, we will be exposed to the source of contagion, as long as large unbroken bands of horses are imported from the Western States. As I write, suspicion has been aroused that a ranch, with over 1,500 head, has glanders. They have been rounded up and are now being inspected. Should these suspicions be verified, our past troubles will be as nothing in comparison. Here again the horses were imported from the Western States. I agree with Inspector Burnett that we cannot hope to entirely stamp out this disease for years to come, because of the large influx of settlers with stock, the im- portation of a large number of western horses for sale, and the negligence and care- lessness of owners. 15 a— 9i 132 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTVRE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The policy of allowing compensation for horses slaughtered on account of glan- ders, has greatly strengthened our hands, and has naturally pleased horse owners. HORSE MANGE. It is gratifying to be able to report that this disease, which at one time seriously threatened the horse raising industry, is now almost eradicated. Two years ago the disease was very prevalent in the vicinity o'f Medicine Hat. Dr. Hargrave, our veterinary inspector at that point, deserves much credit for his success in dealing with it. MALADIE DU COIT. This is a disease that was unknown in the west until two years ago, when it was discovered in the vicinity of Lethbridge. An examination of the mares that had been running on the same range, showed that a number of them were diseased. As time went on, cases were found throughout Southern Alberta, especially in the Medicine Hat district. Energetic measures were adopted by you. A suitable area for quarantining purpose was secured near Lethbridge, fenced, and corrals and squeezer built. A large iiumber of animals suspected of the disease were collected at Lhe quar-aatiiie, until a i thousands of live sheep and hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of the products of the hogs annually from the United States for consumption in this province seem to indicate that there is still plenty of room for the development of these branches of the live stock industry here. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, S. F. TOLMIE. Ottawa. Inspector. W. S. BELL, V.S. Cranbrook, October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for year ending October 31, 1905, of stock inspected at the ports of Gateway and Rykets, and am pleased to say that the stock as a rule is of a better grade, with the exception of a few lots which were not up to the standard, and consequently were turned back. One outbreak of mange occurred in my district, which was easily stamped out on account of it being in an isolated place. I am pleased to say that this was the only case of contagious disease I had in my district. Following are the number of animals inspected at ports Rykerts and Gateway: — Horses 1,346 Cattle 420 Mules 9 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, W. S. BELL, Ottawa. Inspector. 158 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 J. W. BLAND, V.S. Vancouver, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I beg to submit a report of inspection made by me at ports of Vancouver * and Westminster district and sub-ports of Huntingdon and Douglas, for year ending October 31, 1905. The following animals were inspected at Vancouver: Cattle 1, horses 85, sheep 25,893, all of which have passed inspection. On August 1 I assumed the duties of veterinary inspector for New Westminster district and sub-ports of Huntingdon and Douglas, according to your instructions. At the above ports were inspected the following animals : Cattle 37, horses 55, mules 2, sheep 1,548, of which 36 cattle, 44 horses and 2 mules were entered as settlers' effects. All the above animals passed inspection. Previous to July 1, I received the inspection fees as my remuneration for my work; since that time I have been on salary, and have returned to the department the inspection fees collected. Corrals have been erected by the railway company at Huntingdon and Douglas. This is a decided improvement and will facilitate the work of inspection at those ports. Stock yards in these districts have been kept in a clean and sanitary condition during the year. A rather serious outbreak of glanders has occurred in Vancouver this summer; prompt and effective measures have been taken to stamp out the disease as rapidly as possible. All cars arriving with cattle from mange affected districts of the North- west have been thoroughly cleansed and disinfected upon arrival at this port; this work has been carefully carried out by the railway officials. I desire to take this opportunity of thanking Dr. S. F. Tolmie for practical de- monstrations and suggestions re maladie de coit. Also to thank His Majesty's customs officers and officials of various transporta- tion companies concerned, for their kind assistance in carrying out the regulations of the department. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. W. BLAND, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. D. TAMELYN, D.V.S. Midway, B.C., October 31, 1905. SiR;, — I have the honour to submit my first annual report for the Department of Agriculture from March 13, 1905, to October 31, 1905. My duties commenced at Ottawa under your personal supervision and during the siy weeks there consisted chiefly of car insi)ection, outbreaks of glanders and mange. The following table will give you the location and number of animals affected : — HEALTH OF ANIMALS 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Location. Disease. Number tested. Number Des- troyed after 1st test. Number Des- troyed after 4th test. Number Des- troyed showing clinical symp- toms. Number Sus- picious. Number animals affected. Number healthy. Kemp^^;ilIe Ottawa Mont Cerf Mange 2 7 10 Glanders. . . . 9 11 5 4 3" 2 2 i 2 1 20 9 3 4 1 19 3 Number of stock cars inspected, 21; all of which I had thoroughly cleansed and disinfected. I found in the district of Mont Cerf, P.Q., that the outbreak of glanders emanated from the numerous lumber camps in that vicinity, and the disease spreading through the disposal of these unfit horses to farmers for agricultural purposes. On April 28, 1905, I received your letter transferring me to Grand Forks, B.C., to take over the boiindary inspection work, including the outports of Grand Forks, Midway, Carson and Cascade, B.C. During that period I have inspected the following stock : — For entry. In transit. Horses Ill 755 Mules 24 Cattle 152 324 Sheep 3003 Swine 172 ... Total 3438 1084 Number of stock cars inspected (5) five. On August 14, 1905, I inspected four horses in transit between the United States nnd Midway, B.C., and discovered a clinical case of glanders which was immediately destroyed and burnt, and the remaining three I tested with mallein, neither reacted. The usual precautions as to cleansing and disinfecting the premises were taken. I also tested twenty-four head of cattle intended for milk and breeding purposes which I found healthy and in good condition. The corrals at Midway are completed, the work being carried out in a very satis- factory manner. I should like to suggest that a stable and office be built at Midway. This would not only be of great service to the department, but to the public as well. At present we have no stable, consequently our testing has to be carried on in the open corral. Tour order issued in August respecting animals in transit has proved very effec- tive, and is considered by the stock owners of this district to be a very essential one. Following your instructions I transferred my headquarters to Midway, B.C., arriv- ing there on June 12, 1905. On September 2, I gave over the inspection work at Grand Forks to Dr. Frank, so that the inspections, &c., for the months of September and October for that port are not included in my report. The general health of stock in the ports mentioned has been good, nothing except that contained in my report having occurred. 160 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICVLTVRE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 In closing my report I desire to mention the cordial assistance afforded me by Dr. Tolmie, on taking over the work in this district. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, D. TAMELYN, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. E. C. OUVEE, V.S. Nelson, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report: — Since transferred here last August I have visited the principal parts of my district. I visited the Warreta district, where some horses had been destroyed last June, and the four ranches were quarantined, and many other districts, and have not found any disease. I tested for milk production at Eossland 28 cows, none re-acted. Number of horses inspected 231 " mules inspected 17 " cattle inspected 200 " sheep inspected 823 " swine inspected 208 Total amount of inspection fees $91.70 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, E. C. OLIVEK, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. J. W. FRANK, V.S. Grand Forks, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit a report of work performed from January 1 to October 31, inclusive. From January 1 until July 31, my work lay in the district of Westminster, B.C. During that i)eriod the following animals were inspected for importation: — Horses 271 Mules 6 Cattle 238 Sheep 945 Swine 4 HEALTH OF ANIMALS 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Since September 1, I have been stationed at Grand Forks, B.C., and up to tlio present time the following animals have been inspected: — Imports — Horses 161 Mules 2 Cattle 38 Sheep 21 Swine 136 Fees collected $19.69 Exports — Horses 2 At the present time four swine are in quarantine, which will not terminate until November 9. On March 18 a very fine Red Poll bull was refused admission, as he reacted vigorously to the tuberculin test. On July 11 a settler was refused admission for tubercular cattle, and on several other occasions tubercular cattle were refused entry to Canada; with these few exceptions the animals inspected were healthy. On June 6, I tested and saw destroyed a case of glanders, in Vancouver city, one horse only was tested, and tested but once. On July 20, I tested and saw destroyed another horse suffering with glanders; this case being the one which brought to notice the serious extent to which the con- tagion had been spread in and around Vancouver city. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. WILLIAMSON FEANK, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. G. S. JERMYN, V.S. OsoYOOS^ B.C., October 31, 1905. SiR^ — I beg to submit the following report for the quarantine port of Osoyoos, B.C. Since being opened in April last there has been no outbreak of contagious or infectious diseases in this district. Nor have any diseased animals been presented for inspection for entry. The following is the number inspected and passed from the United States into Canada up to October 31 : — Horses 138 Cattle 88 Sheep 149 Swine 8 [ I have the honour to be, sir. Tour obedient servant, G. S. JERMYN, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. 15a— 11 162 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 C. E. EICHARDS, V.S. Victoria, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I submit tbe following as my annual report of the work carried on by me at the above port during the past year. There has been a total importation of horses, 84; cattle, 14; sheep, 24,947; goats, 7; mules, 20. Excepting two cattle returned for being tubercular and two horses for being under valuation, all were admitted. I was called on to inspect seven horses exported to the United States. During the year I have tested twelve horses for glanders with four reactions, three were held as suspicious for a retest which was applied in three weeks' time with no reaction, making the number of tests fifteen. The four reactors and one showing clinical symptoms, numbering five in all, were destroyed and dealt with according to the Act. Hog cholera in the early part of the year called for considerable attention, and I caused to be destroyed 33 hogs as being affected. These cases were the last of the outbreak reported of in my report for 1904. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, C. E. RICHAEDS, Ottawa. Inspector. J. GIBBINS, M.E.C.V.S. Vancouver, B.C., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report. I commenced my duties on August 28, viz.: to suppress the outbreak of glanders we have in our midst. My total number tested up to October 31 is 81. Eetests 7. Ceased reactors 6. Condemned and slaughtered 20. To be retested 9. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, JOHNSON GIBBINS, Ottawa. Inspector. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONEE WOOD. ', Dawson, Y.T., October 31, 1905. Sjr^ — J have the honour to submit this my annual report for the year ended October 31, 1905, accompanied by reports from the veterinary staff-sergeants acting as inspectors at Dawson and Whitehorse. We have but two points at which veterinary inspectors are stationed, namely Whitehorse, where Staff-Sergeant E. C. M. Nyblett is in charge, and Dawson, where Staff-Sergeant G. A. Acres attends to the duties. The work of the inspectors in the Territory is largely of a preventive nature and, that this is necessary, is very evident from the way in which mange and more par- ticularly glanders, makes a sporadic appearance here and there throughout the country. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Glanders during the year was confin^ altogether to the Dawson district, no case being discovered in Whitehorse or districts tributary thereto. Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Acres inspected some 75 head of horses, but of these it was not considered necessary to test 50. Of the remaining 25, 12 were destroyed, 2 showing clinical symptoms and 9 as reactors to the mallein test; the balance, 12 head, were found in good health and entirely free from disease after testing. In the Dawson district one case of purpura-haemorrhagica occurred, and as the animal when inspected was found to be in the last stages of the disease, it was destroyed. Two cases of malaria also were reported both of which terminated fatally. These two cases were the cause of some discussion, as, at the time of the death of the animals, an epidemic of. malaria, or dysentery, was prevalent among the in- habitants of Dawson and vicinity, and no particular cause was forthcoming as to its origin. By some of the medical profession the catise was attributed to the contami- nated source of our water supply and, in support of this contention, the death of the animals referred to was brought forward. Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Acres, however, refused to admit this and claimed that the horses contracted the disease from feeding on low marshy ground. Fourteen head of horses were found to be affected with mange on arrival from the Upper Eiver; all made good recovery and the disease was confined to the original band. An outbreak of hog cholera also occurred on a small island in the vicinity of Dawson. Where the animals contracted the disease, whether en route, or whether the outbreak was entirely due to local causes, could not be ascertained. The circuiii- Sitances in this case would seem to be peculiar as the hogs were obtained at Mission Junction, B.C., at which place there is no history of hog cholera. In view of this fact Staff-Sergeant Acres held a most thorough examination of the animals affected, hold- ing post-mortems on several and carefully watching the symptoms of those, still re- maining alive, until he was fully satisfied that the disease was what he had diagnosed it to be — hog cholera. In the Whitehorse district the only cases of infectious or contagious diser.se re- ported were two of mange. One of the animals recovered and the other was des- troyed. During the year the following stock was imported into the territory for Dawson: Horses, 65; cattle, 1,488; sheep, 2,916; calves, 73, and hogs 223; 422 cattle, 721 sheep, 23 horses and 150 hogs passed through destined for Alaskan points. A considerable number of each of the above were also imported into the Wliite- horse district, especially horses. These were brought in principally by the White Pass and Yukon Stage route, the Bullion Hydraulic Company and the Conrad Min- ing Company. The cattle, sheep, calves, &c., imported into Dawson and Whitehorse were des- tined for the markets and were slaughtered as required. The far greater proportion of the animals imported were from Canadian points. The duty on stock and inspection by the veterinary inspectors no doubt contributed largely to this. The general conditions of the territory as far as horses are concerned have much improved and I think the owners of stock have realized that it pays better in the long run to co-operate with the inspectors in stamping out the disease than in endeavour- ing to conceal it. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, Z. T. WOOD, Assistant Commissioner^ Com. R.N.WJf. Police Yukon Territory. 15a^lli 164 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 E. M. NYB:tETT, V.S. Whitehorse, Y.T., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report of work done for the Department of Agriculture in this district for the year ending October 31, 1905. During the year the following animals were inspected: — For importation to Yukon Territory. Passing through en route to Alaska. Total. Horses 140 20 6 50 16 455 821 50 190 Mules 36 Cattle 461 Sheep 821 Swine 42 92 All were found to be apparently in good health. Two cases of mange in horses came under my notice during the year and were quarantined; one of these recovered and was released, the other was destroyed. A third horse I had isolated as a contact case, but it did not develop the disease and was released. Some work horses which had been working in the bush in the north part of the district were shipped down the river, and on arrival at Dawson were found to be suffering from mange and were isolated there. During the winter a number of horses suffered from a form of eczema, which at first sight simulated mange, but this disease was not contagious. During the summer a few of the horses, belonging to the White Pass and Yukon Route Mail Service, suffered from influenza, and two of them died, but, the epizootic did not spread, or last for any length of time. With the above exceptions no cases of contagious disease occurred during the year. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. E. M. XYBLETT, Veterinary Staff-Sergt. G. H. ACEES, Y.S. Dawson, Y.T., October 31, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following annual report for the year ending October 31, 1905, of work done for the Department of Agriculture in this dis- trict. The number of cases of glanders which came under my observation has been much less than for the previous year. The following is a list of cases treated : (horses and mules) : — HEALTH OF ANIMALS 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Destroyed on clinical symptoms 2 Destroyed on reaction to the mallein test 9 Released after a second test 2 Tested and no reaction 12 Inspected but not tested 50 Total 75 Three cases of suspected glanders were reported to me, but on examination I found one to be influenza, one chronic catarrh, one purpura haemorrhagica ; the latter •was in the last stage of the disease upon my arrival, and I recommended the animal's destruction at once. I found two cases of malaria or swamp fever; the animals were running on marshy ground, both cases died. Compensation was claimed for seven animals, which reacted and showed no clinical symptoms of glanders. The majority of cases of glanders were found in the town of Forty Mile, which is close to the bor- der of Alaska. I think that this outbreak was due to affected horses which at some time or other visited Forty Mile from Alaskan points. At first great difficulty was encountered as to the best means for protecting Canadian horses against contamina- tion of the disease. Owing to the fact that horses are continually crossing and re- cros.sing the line it is impossible to keep them separated. It was first suggested that separate stables should be set aside, but this was found impracticable; I think the sug- gestion made a short time ago that Corporal Cudlip, of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, be appointed assistant inspector at Forty Mile, and a stable be set aside for quarantine purposes, so that any suspicious cases may be held until the arrival of the inspector from Dawson, is the most practicable one. In this way, I think that the ■danger of infection would be greatly minimized. Owing to the large amount of transient work which takes place in this district, the Yukon Ordinance requires that all public stables be disinfected twice yearly; I think that this helps greatly to keep down disease amongst horses and raules. Fourteen horses which arrived from the southern part of the territory were found to be ajBFected with mange, these were quarantined and carefully treated until all signs of the disease disappeared. The above is the only outbreak of mange which has occurred in this district during the past year. An outbreak of hog cholera occurred on the premises of Mr. Marshall, residing four miles down the river from Dawson. Fifty young hogs were imported from the outside last June, and early in August the owner reported that they were dying off. After careful post-mortems and examination of several suffering at the time, I found the disease to be hog cholera. Fifteen died, the remainder were slaughtered. This is the first attempt that young hogs have been imported into the country for the pur- pose of raising and fattening for store purposes, and I think will be the last. On the whole the general health of live stock in this district during the past year has been very good, the percentage of contagious disease being very small. I am sorry to say that the number of horses in the country- is on the decrease, very few were imported from the outside last year, and a great number were exported to the Tanana. I expect that many more will follow this winter. The beef, mutton and pork imported for slaughter here was of excellent quality, and arrived in better condition than the previous year. The beef and pork imported was all Canadian, the larger part of the mutton being imported from the United States. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, G. H. ACRES, Veterinary Staff-Sergt. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 166 departmeis:t of agriculture 5-6 edward vii., a. 1906 GEOKGE HILTON, V.S. Ottawa, Oxt., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the five months ending March 31, 1906. During this period I have investigated a few reported cases of glanders in this city, with negative results, otherwise my duties have been confined to your oflSce. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, GEOEGE HILTON, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. C. H. HIGGINS, B.Sc, D.V.S. March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour, in acordance with your request under date of March 29th, to transmit this my report covering the period from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. This period of five months is the one during which a smaller number of speci- mens for diagnosis are received than at other seasons of the year, due in a large measure to climatic conditions, however, the material received for examination shows a total of fifty-nine series compared with fifty-five series during a similar period of the year preceding. Many fowls are still being forwarded to the laboratory for us to determine the nature of the affection to which they succumbed and the advice given in the individual reports sent through your office has been appreciated. The greatest increase in the work of this institution is to be noted in connection with the preparation of mallein and so great has been the demand upon our facilities, that I found it necessary to provide greatly increased incubating space of a tem- porary character, for use in connection with its manufacture. The temporary stable which was completed early in November last, has enabled •work on maladie du coit, three eases of this disease having reached here on the 20th of that month. These cases have at no time presented active clinical symptoms though there has been a marked variation in the differential blood counts, indicating the gradual progression of the disease. The increasing importance of investigations on the pathology of the blood in 'connection with human medicine, makes it necessary for us to lay more stress on this feature in diseases of animals, and there are now interesting records in connec- tion with some of our routine experimental work which will prove of sufficient va'ue, when completed, to compensate for the time and labour spent in their preparation. Tuberculin has, as formerly, been forwarded from the laboratory, and I am ii:.w taking the necessary steps toward the manufacture of the entire amount used and anticipate in this connection, that the saving thus made will assist in increasing the efficiency of this institution. The greatest necessity at this time, in connection with the equipment of the laboratory, is increased incubator space accompanied by proper arrangements for avoiding contaminating organisms when inoculating the large culture flasks used in the preparation of toxines. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a The assistance rendered by E. A. Watson, V.S., continues to relieve me of many details in connection with the laboratory routine, thus affording more time for the consideration of experimental work which it is necessary to take up. It is impossible at this time to give a full report of the work of the laboratory for the period indicated on account of the incompleteness of experimental data, and the impossibility of completing them for incorporation in this report. Such of the work as will interest the reader of this report is appended hereto, that a general idea may be obtained of the work of this institution during the past five months. MALLEIX. There have been shipped from the laboratory on request from your office, 6,453 doses of mallein, an amount during five months very nearly equaling the entire amount of the preceding year. The accompanying table indicates the amount sent out each month and enables a comparison with the amount sent out monthly during previous years. November . December. January. . February. . March. . . , April. . . . May. . . . June. . . . July. . . . August. . , September. October. . 1903-4. 291 40 135 155 203 184 412 422 75 560 305 371 1904-5. 500 295 365 432 400 500 625 1,055 580 861 1,163 1,043 1905-6. 1,635 1,082 1,606 985 1,145 Total for year 3,153 7,819 Total for five months 6,453 At present there is on hand very nearly 10,000 doses which amount with the above has been prepared at the laboratory. One difficulty experienced in connection with the manufacture of this material has been occasioned by the limited incubator space avail- able at the laboratory. This difficulty has been partially overcome by the fitting up of a temporary incubating chamber, but it will be necessary to make permanent the installation of a chamber of sufficient size to meet our immediate demands and those of some years to come. The heating of this temporary incubator is by gas and some diffi- culty was experienced in fitting up an automatic arrangement for maintaining the desired temperature, due to the fact that it is impossible to turn down an acetylene burner designed for heating purposes without having it flash back. This difficulty was over CO re and the experience thus gained will enable the arranging of the heating device on a permanent installation without any anxiety as to its efficiency. Another difficulty experienced in the preparation of mallein is the contaminating of the large culture flasks with organisms foreign to the work in hand and this feature can be eliminated on the installation of an incubating chamber by connecting it with the proper preparation rooms which in other institutions of a similar nature have been found indispensable. Sufficient space is available for the increase briefly outlined above in the basement of the building. 168 DEPARTME'ST OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 TUBERCULIN. Sufficient tuberculin to test 1,967 head of cattle has been sent from this labora- tory on order from your office. An increase in the amount sent out is to be noted here as indicated in the following table : — November December January . February. . March. . . April. . . . May. . . . June. . . . July . . . . August. . . September. October. .. 1903-4. 1904-5. 1905-6. 326 226 405 326 374 437 350 180 309 303 135 438 295 263 378 146 497 272 394 119 149 123 126 173 351 70 266 146 184 Total for year Total for five months. 2,649 3,145 1,967 The necessary steps have been taken and I anticipate that there will be no diffi- culty in preparing all of the tuberculin required by the department during the coming year, although the detail work in this connection has consumed, and will continue to consume considerable time in the laboratory routine. ANTHRAX. Anthrax was positively diagnosed in material forwarded from La Bale du Febvre after negative findings in several specimens received during the course of the same outbreak. In making mention of this instance of a positive finding after several negative findings, it is my desire to impress upon those forwarding the material for similar examinations, that blood, removed from the carcass twenty-four hours or longer after death, is of little value as the putrefactive organisms kill off the anthrax germs in all portions of the de..d animal's system and to further point out that the bloody fluid exuding from the natural body openings together with the blood in the superficial por- tions of the body (skin, ear in particular, also tail), are more likely to supply positive evidence on microscopic examination than blood taken from any internal organ. MALADIE DU COIT. The mares affected with maladie du coit which reached the laboratory on the 20th cf November last, have given us an opportunity of studying this disease in its chronic form. Much experimental work has been undertaken in this connection, but at no time has there appeared any evidence of the infective agent, Trypanosoma Equiper- dutn. All animal inoculations have been negative. Efforts have been repeatedly made to demonstrate this trypanosoma by the methods suggested by the various authorities S£ well as attempts on original lines. Some points not mentioned by other observers have been noted the most important of which is the change in the percentage of the various varieties of leucocytes as re- vealed by a differential blood count. In passing I may mention that within the past few years, an increasing amount of attention has been given to the differential count of the leucocytes of the blood in connection with certain diseases affecting the human HEALTH OF ANIMALS 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a being and more recently this method of examination has claimed the attention of comparative pathologists, notably Burnett, Moore and Mier. The blood counts conducted by these authors have shown that certain definite affections are indicated by certain variations in the percentages of leucocytes in the biood. Acting upon the suggestion presented by this data it has been found that there is a marked variation from the normal, in the percentages of certain of the leucocytes, as shown by differential counts of the blood in the cases of Maladie du Coit at the laboratory. This work upon the blood has given ground for the suspicion that we may be able to determine something definite concerning the pathology of this affection as seen in Canada, although it must be constantly borne in mind that the cases on which we are working cannot give sufficient evidence from which to draw, reliable conclusions. In both cases that are under observation the progression of the clinical manifestations bears a close relationship to the changes noted in the differential b^od counts. Of the three mares received, one succumbed within a month of her arrival. Of the two remaining, one is gradually breaking down, while the other is in practically the same condition as on her arrival. The finding of* the Trypanosoma Equiperdum by Marek in cases of dourine in Hungary, as reported at the last International Veterinary Congress at Buda-Pesth, establishes beyond a doubt the causal role of this parasite in the ' Beschalseuche' or dourine of that country. Buffard and Schneider, instance in France, the recovery of an affected stallion, but nevertheless this stallion was able to infect mares in whose blood trypanosoma were found by them, which finding was confirmed by Leclainche. Thus, we are face to face with the probability that the same parasite is concerned with the disease on this continent and that its identification is largely a matter of obtaining suitable cases, coupled with careful and systematic experiments and close observation. As formerly, your appreciation of the work of this institution together with the encouragement offered to develop still further its usefulness, is a stimulus to take up research work on problems confronting this branch, in addition to the necessary laboratory routine, and I trust that the effort will fully meet your expectations. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHAS. H. HIGOmS, Pathologist. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. A. E. MOORE, D.V.S. Vancouver, March 31, 1906. Sm, — I have the honour to submit to you the following addition to my annual report of work done by me from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. I tested with mallein in the province of Ontario thirteen horses, out of which three reacted and were destroyed. Acting under your instructions, I tested a private herd of cattle, numbering 38 with tuberculin which had been placed under your supervision. Three of these re- acted, and have been branded and isolated. I also investigated a reported outbreak of hog cholera in the vicinity of Win- chester Springs, where I found a few sick hogs on one farm. At the request of the owner, a post-mortem examination was made upon one of these animals, the result of 170 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a which proved the disease not to be hog cholera but verminous bronchitis, and con- sequently no action was taken. GLANDERS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. According to your instructions I left Ottawa for British Columbia on Novem- ber 29, 1905, to co-operate with Dr. Tolmie in dealing with glanders in the city of Vancouver and also in the city and district of New Westminster. I have tested 389 horses, of which 80 reacted and were destroyed. Many of these showed clinical symptoms, but in the majority of cases the disease has been of a mild type. As has been clearly shown by our tests there is much danger from these mild cases as they are capable of spreading infection to a large percentage of contact horses. As the disease is so prevalent in this district a general inspection of all the large stables in Vancouver and New Westminster is being made. HOG CHOLERA. During my stay in British Columbia a report was received from Chilliwack that pigs were dying in the Chilliwack valley. As Dr. Tolmie was ill, he requested me to visit the valley and, on investigation, I found hog cholera on seven farms and 118 hogs were destroyed. I asked Dr. Wm. Lawson to accompany me and left him to finish the work of inspecting the hogs of the neighbourhood and to superintend the disinfection of pre- mises. This outbreak started at the Chilliwack Landing Indian Reservation, where the Indians have been losing hogs for some time. As all hogs belonging to the Indians were running at large and were in contact with the disease, we were obliged to destroy all hogs on the reservation. In all cases where hog cholera was found the adjoining farms were inspected. No new cases have been reported in this valley since we finished our inspection three months ago. On January 20, 1906, hog cholera was discovered on the premises of the provin- cial hospital for the insane at New Westminster, where out of ninety-one hogs thirty-four were affected. The remaining fifty-seven were dressed for food. Dr. Bland assisted me in deal- ing with this outbreak. Acting on a report from the Deputy Minister of Agriculture at Victoria, and on request of Dr. Tolmie, I visited the British Columbia Distillery Company on March 31, where I found hog cholera in its most virulent type. All the hogs on the premises (68) were sick and a large number (36) had re- cently died. Extensive lesions of tuberculosis and verminous bronchitis were co-existing with those of hog cholera. In all outbreaks of hog cholera that I have seen in British Columbia (except in .the case of the distillery hogs) the disease has been in an ex- tremely mild form. The proportion of deaths is usually less than in more severe climates. I found the most advanced typical lesions of hog cholera in hogs that were scarcely perceptibly ill. Verminous bronchitis was associated with hog cholera in the majority of cases where I held post-mortems. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. E. MOORE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 171 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 M. C. BAKEK, D.V.S. Montreal, Marcli 31, 1906. Sir, — I beg to report that since October 31, 1905, there have been inspected and passed by me for export at the Canadian Pacific stock yards, Hochelaga, Montreal. CATTLE. Northwest. Ontario. U.S.A. November, 1905 8,794 1,364 1,921 November, 1905 to March 31, 1906 35 Total 8,794 1,399 1,921 SHEEP. Canadian. November, 1905 3,810 Total, 12,114 cattle and 3,810 sheep. Of these 864 head of cattle and 3,008 sheep were shipped via Boston, 420 cattle aj)d 260 sheep via Portland. There were rejected as unfit for shipment, 17 head of cattle and 14 sheep. Of these, 6 catties were effected with actinomycosis, the other animals were suffering from lameness and injuries. On November 11, 1905, I received instructions from you that all sheep from On- tario passing through Montreal to the United States for slaughter that were not ac- corr.panied by a certificate of inspection from an inspector of the Department of Agriculture, must be unloaded and inspected here. Since then, there has been only cne shipment of two carloads, 384 lambs, consigned to the New England Meat Com- pacj. These were inspected and found free from disease. In December in accordance with your instructions, I visited La Bale du Febvre to investigate an outbreak of disease in cattle in that place. I found it to be anthrax, and reported at the time. In January I tested with tuberculin for export to South Africa 133 cows, heifers and bulls, and got only three reactions. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. C. BAKEE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. C. McEACHEAN, D.V.S. Montreal, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to report that during the five months commencing No- vember 1, 1905, and ending to-day, 247 horses were inspected by me, found healthy and exported from this port to Great Britain. Forty-three Clydesdales, viz., twenty stallions and twenty-three mares, were imported to Canada via the port of Montreal from Scotland. All were found free from disease, and allowed to land. Three horses were found in this city showing clinical symptoms of glanders, and were destroyed. 172 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Forty-one horses were subjected to the mallein test here, six of which reacted and were shot. At the market places and abattoirs here 10,812 cattle, 7,364 sheep, and 19,289 hogs were inspected, and it is my pleasing duty to report that not one single case of disease was found. All the sale stables and cab stands in Montreal, were re- gularly inspected. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, CHARLES McEACHRAX, Ottawa. Inspector. B. A. SUGDEN, D.V.S. Montreal, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to report to you as follows upon the inspection of live stock at the Grand Trunk stock yards for the period extending from Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Inspected for export to British Ports via Montreal. Cattle 4,140 Sheep 378 For export to British Ports via Portland and Boston. Cattle 9,185 Sheep 8,169 There were rejected twenty-one cattle, thirteen affected with antinomycosis and five for injuries received during transportation, there were also rejected seventeen crippled sheep. During the same period the following United States stock passed through the yards for shipment to British ports via Portland and Boston: — Cattle 35,091 Sheep 7,155 At Howick, I tested two head of cattle with tuberculin and eleven head at Athelstan, these being for export to the United States. None reacted. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, ' B. A. SUGDEK Ottawa. Inspector. J. H. ERINK, V.S. St. John, KB., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I beg to report work at the station, from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. The time has been largely occupied in the inspection of live stock for export to Great Britain. The number of cattle inspected for export to Great Britain being 25,472 :— Sheep 1,811 Horses 65 EEALTH OF ANIMALS 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Cattle shipped to South Africa, 450. Of the number shipped to the United King- dom, 10,367 were United States cattle. 1,889 cattle were shipped out from the pro- vince of Alberta, originating chiefly from Milk River, Cayley, Cambrose, Lethbridge and Medicine Hat. Xo symptoms of mange were observed in them. All shipments were free from contagious disease except two or three cases of actinomycosis. It will be observed that there has been a great falling ofE in the shipment of sheep last year being about twenty thousand and this season falling below two thousand. Cat- tle for export have arrived in good condition, the comparative absence of snow in the eastern sections, much facilitated transport, giving a clear rail, good time being made from Montreal to St. John, and very few animals were detained from lameness or injiiries in transit. CATTLE QUARANTINE. Xo cattle have arrived here for quarantine this winter. Ten sheep arrived here on January 2, from Liverpool, but being unaccompanied by the official permit for importation, were not allowed to land. This matter was after a time adjusted by the department. Two cattle imported from Boston, Mass., were held for two days until the tuberculin certificates were approved, the difficulty being that the names of veterinarians were not on the official list of qualified men, connected with United States Bureau of Annual Industry. A number of horses have been imported from Great Britain for breeding purposes, 190 horses and 53 ponies. They were free from infectious disease. A number of importations were unaccompanied by health certi- ficates issued in Great Britain, and they were held here until produced, and it is altogether probable that importers in the future will obey the regulations more closely. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, JAMES H. FRIXK, Ottawa. Inspector. W. JAKEMAX, V.S. HalifaIx, March 31, 1906. Sir, —I beg leave to submit my report for the perioH between Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Animals inspected for export at Halifax, X.S. : — Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Bermuda 8 7 189 4 Jamaica .^ 80 Britain ' 1,042 Havre, France .. 150 Xewf oundland 1 . • • • 6 9 1,199 275 4 I have the honour to Ve, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, WM. JAKEMAX, Ottawa. Inspector. 174 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 A. A. LECKIE, M.R.C.V.S. Charlottetown, P.E.I., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I beg to report for five months as stated in your letter of March 29, ult., as fellows : November and December, 1905, also January and February, 1906, March. 1906. Exportation of 16 horses, 149 cattle, 422 sheep. They vpere distributed as follows : — Fourteen horses and four cattle to the West Indies. Two horses, 145 cattle and 422 pheep to Newfoundland. The work in connection with contagious and infectious diseases amounted to one trip to Freetown, and marking cattle, December 30, 1905, and one trip to Central Bedeque, where I found cattle slaughtered. This comprises the work done in the interest of the Dominion government. In performing this work I found sufficient data to make me believe that tuberculosis is very much on the increase in this island, and I am sorry to say that it is in most cases traceable to imported stock bulls or their immediate descendants. It seems to me that if its prevalence is going to be stopped, some system of interprovincial legislation is required. Such for instance as a test schedule accompanying each animal sold for stock purposes from one province to another, and that it be required in each province when a breeder or stock farm has pure bred cattle for sale, that they be accompanied with a certificate showing a test as free, and that no breeder be allowed to sell as stock bulls any animal which has not been subjected to such test. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, ANDREW A. LECKIE, Ottawa. Inspector. J. A. COUTURE, D.V.S. Quebec, P.Q., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my report for the period extending' from November 1, 1905 to March 31, 1906. There have come into this station during that period the following animals, viz.: November 7, per ss. Pretorian, from Glasgow, Seotland, one bull and two heifers. West Highlands, for Sir Hugh Allan, Montreal. December 1, per Intercolonial Railway, from Delavan, 111., two standard bred colts for Victor Chateauvert, Quebec. December 16, per Quebec Central Railway, from Denver, Mass., one mare for Max. Clement, Quebec. On December 26, the last cattle left the quarantine and the station closed for the winter season. During the winter the men have been kept busy repairing the several buildings and putting up the hay barn in a more convenient place. Presently they are prepar- ing the sheds for the opening of navigation. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, J. A. COUTURE, Ottawa. Inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a W. H. PETHICK, V.S. Antigonish, March 31, 1905. Sir, — In accordance with instructions contained in your letter of March 29, I have the honour to submit a brief report of the experiments conducted at this station between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. In my annual report, which is now in your hands, I gave a detailed record of the experiments which I had the honour of conducting under your direction during the year ending October 31, 1905. The cause of Pictou cattle disease having been clearly demonstrated, as a result of the experiments above referred to, those were closed out; and although the experi- ments now in train give promise of important results, yet these have not progressed far enough for reliable reference. As you are thoroughly informed upon every stage of the work at this station, I presume that a detailed account is not now required. I therefore beg liberty to confine myself to a general outline of the experiments now under way. An experiment is being conducted with a view of learning if native hay from which all ragwort plants have been carefully removed can be fed with safety. Three healthy young cows are being fed twice daily since November 1, 1905, upon clean native hay of the usual quality, being a mixture of clover, timothy and brown top. In order to control this experiment, three healthy young cattle are being fed upon hay of the same kind and quality, but in this instance no care was taken to remove the ragwort plants growing therewith. The experiments with sheep and goats give pro- mise of results of practical value. Pen No. 1. Four healthy sheep have been fed during the past two winters on native hay con- taining much ragwort, and have been pastured during the past summer on very weedy land, and although they have consumed large quantities of ragwort (both green and dried) appear to be in good health. Pen No. 2. Pive healthy ewes, and three lambs were pastured during the past summer on rag- wort infested land. The object being to learn if possible, when yellow staining of the flesh supposed to be caused by feeding upon ragwort begins. Several of these animals have now been slaughtered between July 21 and March 19. Careful post-mortem ex- amination proved the flesh to be of normal colour. Two animals of the lot are yet alive and will be slaughtered, with your permission, within the next two months. Acting upon your instructions I purchased on November 1, forty healthy ewes. They are divided into two equal lots and confined in suitable pens. One lot (pen No. 3) being kept at the old stable. The other lot (pen No. 4) at the new building. Four goats are kept with each division. One flock (pen No. 3) receive hay containing a large amount of ragwort, a small grain ration is allowed since March 1 to ewes with lamb. The other flock (pen No. 4) are kept under exactly similar conditions, except that in this case the hay is absolutely free from ragwort. I believe that it is your wish that as soon as grass and weather permits that these two lots of animals be subdivided (and after being carefully marked) ten sheep and two goats of each lot to be fed on weed pasture, while the others are to be kept on land free from ragwort. I may just mention that, early in December, all our sheep suffered from infectious opthahnia. They, however, made a complete recovery, and are feeding well and appear healthy. With your authority I purchased on January 23, a mare 8 years old, with a view of studing ' hepatic cirrhosis ' as affecting the equine species. She is fed twice daily 176 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 6-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 on hay which contains a large proportion of ragwort, this is chopped fine and well mixed. A horse that has been at the station for some time is fed upon clean native hay and will control this experiment. Some minor experiments with guinea pigs are carefully watched, but so far give nothing of interest. In conclusion I may say that since my last report only five cases of cattle disease have been brought to my notice. These animals were slaughtered and compensation amounting to $72 recommended. The winter has been mild and exceptionally healthy, no contagious disease (except ophthalmia and tuberculosis) has existed in the county. The usual number of visits for the purpose of investigating suspected outbreaks have been made. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. H. PETHICK, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. G. TOWNSEND, D.V.S. New Glasgow, N.S., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I beg to report work on Pictou cattle disease from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. In November, 1905, there was one case at Maklefield from then up to the 31st of this month there has been none, a few reported suspected, but on examination proved not to be it. I have the honour to be^ sir. Your obedient servant, GEORGE TOWNSEND, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. E. S. MACDONALD, V.S. SouRis, Prince Edward Island, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to report that no diseases, of a contagious character, have appeared in this section since my report of November 1, 1905. It is satisfactory to note, and no doubt must be pleasing to you, that through your efforts in determining the cause of Pictou cattle disease the farmers of Prince Edward Island are being greatly benefited. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, F. S. MACDONALD, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 177 SESSIONAL OAPER No. 15a E. C. THURSTON, D.V.S. Sydney, March 31, 1906. Sir, — Herewith I have the honour to submit report of inspection of live stock dealing with the period between November 1, 1905 and March 31, 1906 : — Exported to St. Pierre et Miquelon — Cattle 22 Sheep 62 Swine 34 Imported from Newfoundland — Horses 7 Total 125 March 5. — Investigated case of suspected glanders at Bras D'Or, proved to be post pharyngeal abscess as a result of severe attack of influenza. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, E. C. THUESTON, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. B. B. KILLAM, D.V.S. Yarmouth, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I leg to submit herewith my report of inspections of live stock made by me at this port for the five months ending March 31, 1906. During this period several horses from the United States have entered at this port. But as they are exempted from inspection I have not kept a tabular sheet. One pig was held in quarantine which I have reported. All stock within district are in a healthy condition. There have been no conta- gious diseases within district. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, B. B. KILLAM, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. E. W. HENRY, V.S. Fredericton, N.B., March 31, 1906. Sir, — In reply to your letter of the 29th ult., requesting me to furnish you with a report of the work done at the port of McAdam, N.B., from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906, I would state :— 15a— 12 178 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 That since my appointment in March, 1905, until the present time, there has not been any work done by me. That I have not had any notification of any importation of any stock having been made at the port of McAdam. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, E. W. HEXRY. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. V. T. DAUBIGXY, M.V. TERREBO^-^-E, P.Q., 31 mars 1906. MoxsEiUR, — J'ai I'honneur de vous adresses le rapport demande par votre lettre du 29 mars, c'est-a-dire du ler novembre au 31 mars dernier. Pendant ce laps de temps, je n'ai regu aucun avis de votre department se ratta- chant aux maladies contagieuses des animaux domestiques, mais j'ai ete demande par des medecins veterinaires pour connaitre mon opinion sur differentes maladies parais- sant suspectes ; examen fait je n'ai decouvert rien de contagieux. Durant ces cinq mois, je n'ai pas eu connaissance d'aucune autre affection conta- gieuse sur les animaux. > J'ai I'honneur d'etre, monsieur, Votre tres humble serviteur, V. T. DAUBIGXY, Inspecteur. Directeur Veterinaire General, Ottawa. J. D. WHYTE, D.V.S. Sherbrooke, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my report, for five months, from Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. GLAXDERS. During the five months I have inspected and tested with mallein 64 horses, of which 27 reacted and were destroyed; 1 was destroyed from clinical symptoms only, making a total of 28 destroyed, the premises being duly quarantined, having to be in- spected later, as in most places it was impossible to obtain disinfectants to properly disinfect the premises at the time of destroying the horses, making it necessary to visit each premises the second time. I also visited three premises and held three autopsies on horses that had died, being suspected of glanders, but found the deaths were due to other diseases. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a MANGE. I have quarantined three premises, seven horses in all, as follows : — in county of Beauce, 2 premises, 5 horses; county of Megantic, 1 premises, 2 horses. INFLUENZA. I also visited the county of Megantic to investigate a supposed case of glanders, Jbut which proved to be influenza, one horse having died previous to my visit. INSPECTION AT PORTS OF ENTRY. Sherbrooke — Cattle, 1; swine, 1. Stanstead Junction — Cattle, 1. Mansonville — Cattle, 1 (this one was also tested). Cattle tested for export, 3. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. D. WHYTE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. A. A. ETIENNE, M.V. Montreal, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. During the. past five months I have tested 32 horses with mallein, 20 of which reacted and were destroyed. Two were destroyed on clinical symptoms only. A large proportion of these horses that I have destroyed were in Yamaska and Drummond counties, where several others had been destroyed in previous years. I have examined three horses clinically. The suspicious symptoms were due to distemper and pulmonary emphysema. ANTHRAX. Upon receiving instruction, I visited the same premises twice in the parish of La Bale du Febvre, to investigate an outbreak amongst animals that were dying suddenly, several head having died in a short time. The rest of the herd has been inoculated with anthrax vaccine, and no deaths have been recorded since December 25, 1905. December 11, 1905, I was instructed to investigate a complaint that mange existed in St. Andre d'Argenteuil. After careful investigation I found that the complaint was not founded on facts. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. A. ETIENNE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 15a— 12i 180 DEPARTMEyT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 J. D. DUCHENE, D.V.S. Quebec, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honovir to submit to you my report for the five months from No- vember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. I have tested with mallein 52 horses, of which 23 have been destroyed, some of them were suffering with clinical symptoms of glanders. Out of this number (62) six have been examined and tested as suspect cases but were either suffering with catarrh or bronchitis . I have also investigated five outbreaks of mange, which are presently quarantined and undergoing treatment. I regret to state that the territory between Ste. Marguerite, on the Saguenay river, and Portneuf, on the St. Lawrence, is badly infected with glanders. This I think is due to the want of knowledge of the people and bad hygiene. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant JOHN D. DUCHENE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. T. E. DUCHENE, V.S. Chicoutimi, March 31, 1906. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the time since November 1, 1905, to March 1, 1906. MANGE. During that period in the county of Chicoutimi, forty-nine horses were placed under quarantine, suffering from mange, and twenty-eight farms found infected; ten of these horses are now relieved. They were all placed under proper treatment. GLANDERS. During the same period, in the comity of Chicoutimi, I have tested with mallein five horses, two were killed and buried, one of them upon clinical symptoms. In the county of Saguenay, I have tested in the same manner twenty-five horses and killed two, one upon clinical symptoms. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, THOS. R DUCHENE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawn. HEALTH or AXIMALS 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a J. O. GUY, M.V. St. Johks, P.Q., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of stock inspected at Port St. Johns, Quebec, from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. For Import — Cattle .. 1 Sheep 1 Horse 1 I refused the entry of two pigs, property of a dramatic stock company. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. 0. GUY, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. A. Mccormick, d.v.s. Ormstowx, Que., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to inform you that I have done no work re inspection of animals in this district during the months of November, December, January, Feb- ruary and March. There has been no outbreak of any contagious diseases in this dis- trict since my last report. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, AECH. Mccormick, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. A. SMITH, F.R.C.V.S. Toronto, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to report that the general health of horses, cattle, sheep and swine has been good since October 31, and only a few cases of contagious diseases have been reported, which have been promptly dealt with by the inspectors. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, ANDREW SMITH. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 182 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICCLTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 WM. STUBBS, V.S. Caledon, March 31, 1906. SiR^ — rl have the honour to submit this, the continuatiou of my annual report, commencing on November 1, 1905, and continuing until March 31, 1906. During this time I have tested with ' tuberculin ' twenty-one head of cattle, two of which reacted. I have also tested with ' mallein ' seven horses, none of which reacted. I have also visited the bams and premises in the counties of Wellington and Grey, v.'here horses had been destroyed for glanders during the last two years, and found the animals on these premises to be apparently free from disease. During this time I have visited several places, where there was reported to be auspicious cases of glanders, and found the animals to be suffering from other causes. In the absence of Dr. Stork, I have visited the Toronto market, inspected the stock, and looked after the disinfecting of any cars arriving from diseased districts. All of which was duly reported to the department. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, WILLIAM STUBBS, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. J. H. TENNENT, V.S. London, March 31. 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my report for the period between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. TUBERCULOSIS. During the time I have tested with tuberculin eighteen head of pure bred cattle for export to the United States, one of which reacted. SHEEP SCAB. With Dr. D. Henderson I visited sixty-six farms in the counties of Middlesex, Lambton and Kent, on which sheep scab existed during last year. The sheep on each of these farms had been dipped twice with lime and sulphur dip, and with one excep- tion the flocks were free from the disease. During the month of January as directed by the Veterinary Director General, we visited three farms in the township of Metcalfe, when we found each flock affected with sheep scab, all of which have since Veen dipped in lime and sulphur dip. CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CARS. I have inspected the cleaning and disinfecting of fifty-five cars which carried live hogs from the quarantined district. GLANDERS. With Dr. Geo. W. Orchard, I visited Strood, in the county of Perth, where an outbreak of glanders existed. Total number of horses destroyed, forty-one, seven of HEALTH OF AXIilALS 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a which were d^troyed on clinical symptoms alone, and thirty-four after being tested with mallein. We examined a number of other horses clinically, in the neighbourhood, in most of which cases the suspicious symptoms were due to distemper. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. H. TENNENT, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. W. W. STOEK, V.S. Brampton, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report as inspector stationed at Toronto, dealing with the period between Xovember 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. I have spent a large portion of the time in and around the city of Toronto visiting regularly the different stock yards, inspecting stock and supervising the cleansing and disinfecting of cars belonging to the different railway companies. Toronto having become of late the distributing centre for large numbers of horses,, the almost daily shipments coming to the two large sales stables, require the expendi- ture of considerable time in order to inspect the condition of the incoming stock, and I have to report that the general health and condition of the animals shipped to Toronto has ben exceedingly good. During the past months numerous Ontario horses in transit to Manitoba and the Territories have been unloaded at Toronto railway yards for feeding and resting pur- poses, these horses being of good quality and in a thrifty and healthy condition. TESTING EXPORT CATTLE. Since November 1, 1905. I have tested with tuberculin 27 head of cattle about to be exported to the United States. MAXGE. The only case of mange in horses coming to my notice is at present quarantined and being treated successfully. GLANDERS. During the period covered by this report I have been called upon to make several investigations where glanders was reported to exist, but in only 3 cases did I find it necessary to order the destruction of animals as being infected with the malady, two of these being isolated cases in Toronto and one in the county of Northumberland. The number of animals tested and the number condemned is as follows : — Number tested 8 Number condemned and destroyed 3 The carcasses of those destroyed were disposed of in the regulation manner and the premises subjected to thorough disinfection. HOG CHOLERA. Hogs in this district at least, have been particularly free from disease. During the period of this report not a single case of cholera making its appearance. 184 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 SHEEP SCAB. During the month of March a consignment of sheep and lambs was detected in Toronto market suffering from scab, the animals were quarantined and slaughtered under inspection, the premises cleansed and disinfected. These animals were traced to locality from whence they came, all contact animals quarantined and all necessary precautions taken. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, W. W. STORK. Ottawa. Inspector. G. W. HIGGINSON, V.S. Rockland, March 31, 1906. Sib, — I have the honour to submit to you a report of work done by me from No- vember 1, 1905, till March 31, 1906. Cattle tested with tuberculin for export, 182, 7 of which reacted. Cattle tested with tuberculin not for export, 112, 9 of which reacted. Ear-marked five head of cattle, which were tested by other inspectors. Three at Williamstown, two at Hudson Heights. GLANDERS. Have submitted to mallein test 46 head of horses, 15 of which reacted and were destroyed. Ten of these horses were tested the second time, four of which reacted to second test. MANGE m HORSES. Have put under quarantine and ordered treatment of eight head of horses affected with mange. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, GEORGE W. HIGGINSON. Ottawa. Inspector. M. B. PERDUE, V.S. Chatham, Ont., March 31, 1906. Sib, — In accordance with instructions contained in your letter of March 29, I have the honour to submit following, my report for the period between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906 :— HOG CHOLERA. There have been four outbreaks involving the slaughter of 54 hogs. Two of these -outbreaks occurred in Essex county, one in "Wentworth county, and one in the city of Guelph. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a There have been 41,262 hogs inspected for shipment, making 428 shipments from the quarantined district. During this period I have tested two head of cattle for export purposes. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. B. PEEDUE. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. G. W. ORCHARD, V.S. Ottawa, March 31, 1906. Sm, — I Mibmit below a report of work performed by me since October 31, 190.5, to date. During that period I have tested with mallein 190 horses, of which number sjxty-seven reacted and were destroyed. At Central Experimental Farm I tested nine steers, none of which reacted and four cows which did not react. At Huntingdon, Geo. W. Higginson, V.S., and myself tested 138 Hoktein Friesien cattle for export to South Africa, three reacted and were earmarked. I also visited Iroquois and earmarked a cow which reacted in the test conducted by Dr. Hawarth. I visited several farms in vicinity of Vankleek Hill, on one of which I found mange, quarantined farm and ordered treatment, visited a farm under quarantine for sheep scab at Cataraqui, and finding everything in good health recommended re- lease from quarantine. Besides this above I have made a great many examinations of horses in vicinity of Ottawa for clinical symptoms of glanders, and also visited places in which affected horses have been stabled and saw that the work of cleansing and disinfection had b^en thoroughly carried out. Have also been able to visit the ports of Windsor and Sarnia several times during this period and beg leave to report that the work there is being carried on without the former difficulties encountered from the railway officials. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, . GEO. W. ORCHARD. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. A. BROWN", V.S. Sarxia, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of work done for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, until March 31, 1906. The domestic animals in this localit'^ during the past six months have been gene- rfilly healthy. 186 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The following animals and cars have been inspected by me during the past five months. For Import — Cattle 68 Horses 68 Sheep 704 Hogs 134 Buffaloes 2 I returned twenty-one cattle and two Buffaloes, the cattle because not tested by a proper authority, and the buffalo because I was unable to test them with tuber- culin. I also returned eight hogs because they were unaccompanied with proper health certificates. Number of cars inspected containing hogs at Gr. T. R. Station. 886 Number found in unsatisfactory condition 20 Number of cars inspected containing hogs at P. M. Station. . 412 Number found in unsatisfactory condition 14 The cars and stock coming from the United States going through Canada in bond, have shown a marked improvement regarding loading and cleanliness during the past six months. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, ARTHIJR BEOWN, Ottawa. Inspector. F. A. JONES, V.S. "Windsor, Oxt., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of stock inspected at Windsor quar- antine station from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. There have been no diseased animals in quarantine, other animals requiring 'inspection were in a healthy condition. The following is a statement of animals received into quarantine, also stock requir- ing inspection : — For import — Horses 28 Cattle 53 Hogs 6 For export — Sheep 354 Cattle 53 Inspection at Detroit stock yards for admittance in bond for immediate slaughter : — Hogs 6,699 I have the honour to be, sir, Yo\ir obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, F. A. JONES, Ottawa. Inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a M. PHILPS, V.S. Bridgeburg, Oxt., March 31, 1906. Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith as requested the report of work done by me from November 1, 1905, until March 31, 1906. The exports were as follows : — Lambs and sheep 55,888 to East Buffalo. " 973 to England and Scotland. Cattle 257 to England and Scotland. Imports were as follows : — Hogs 21,745 Sheep 39 Cattle 2 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, M. PHILPS, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. W. LAWSOX, V.S. DuNDAS, March 31, 1906. SiE, — I have the honour to submit herewith report of work performed by me during the period from my engagement on Xovember 23, 1905, to March 31, 1906. According to your instructions I reported for duty on November 24, and received directions from you as to my future work. I returned to Dundas on the 25th and made preparations to leave for the Pacific coast. I arrived in company with Dr. Moore at Vancouver on December 4, and assisted in testing horses with mallein. On December 10, I was instructed to proceed to the Chilliwack district, where an outbreak of hog cholera had been reported. I killed 109 affected and contact hogs and also tested 5 horses for glanders. On December 22, 1905, I returned to Vancouver and assisted in controlling the outbreak of glanders there. I returned to Chilliwack again on January 11, as other cases of hog cholera were reported. I found a small outbreak and destroyed 45 contact hogs, returning to Vancouver on January 19, and was here engaged in the work in con- nection with glanders until March 13 when I was called to Ottawa. My work here has been confined to visiting quarantined premises to ascertain if disinfection had been carried out according to regulations. I investigated a reported outbreak of hog cholera, which proved not to be a disease of a contagious nature, but caused by dietetic errors. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, WM. LAWSON. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 183 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 J. K. THOE^E, V.S. Wallaceburg, Ont., March 31, 1906. Sir, — In pursuance of your circular of March 29, 1906, I beg to report as follows on the work done between the first day of November, 1905, and March 31, 1906: — During the period above named there have been no cases of hog cholera or swine plague; on December 26, 1905, I inspected premises in the Gore of the township of Chatham, in the county of Kent, which had been under quarantine for hog cholera, and, finding that the premises had been properly disinfected, I advised the raising of the quarantine. I have inspected twenty shipments, comprising 2,450 hogs, for immediate slaughter at the packing houses and found them all in a healthy condition. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. E. THOEXE. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. Inspector. J. KIME, Jr., V.S. Chatham, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of inspection from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. I have inspected twelve cars of hogs for shipment. The total number of hogs shipped being 960. Yours truly, JOSEPH KIME, Jr. Insyector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. W. B. EOWE, V.S. Blexheim, Oxt., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of work done for the department from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. During this period I inspected at various shipping points in the quarantined dis- trict 79 cars containing 5,T3S fat hogs for immediate slaughter and consigned to various packing, houses. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. B. EOWE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a D. HENDERSON, V.S. Glencoe, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to report, that in pursuance of your directions, on or about December 12, 1905, Dr. J. H. Tennent, veterinary inspector of London, and myself, made a joint inspection of all the farms that were quarantined for sheep scab, in the counties of Middlesex, Kent and Lambton. We made a thorough investigation and found sheep scab among three flocks. We quarantined the respective farms, and ordered the sheep to te thoroughly treated in lime and sulphur dip. I afterwards superintended the dipping of sheep on two occasions. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, D. HENDERSON, Ottawa. Inspector. T. E. WATSON, V.S. Niagara Falls South, Ont., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a report of animals inspected by me during the previous five months ending March 31, 1906 : — Horses 59 Mules 8 Cattle 6 Sheep 4 All of which were in good condition and found to be healthy. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, T. E. WATSON. Ottawa. Inspector. D. McALPINE, D.V.S. Brockville, Ont., March 31, 1906. Sir, — During the five months ending March 31, I have issued certificates for the following animals in export : — Thirty-seven head of cattle, one sheep, one hog, and two calves. . On February 13, there was reported at my office, a horse suffering in the vicinity of Algonquin, with supposed mange, which on investigation proved to be a skin trouble of an uncontagious character, due to the filthy condition of the premises. I have the honou^ to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, D. McALPINE, Ottawa. Inspector. 190 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 J. B. HOLLINGSWOKTH, D.V.S. Ottawa, Ont., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I beg to submit herewith my report from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Instructed to go to Shawville, Que., suspected glanders, I tested horse with mal- lein and got no reaction. I also assisted Dr. Moore in dealing with an outbreak of glanders in Ottawa. I nave also inspected cars which had contained live hogs for immediate slaughter and found cars had been properly cleaned and disinfected. I am pleased to state that diseases of a contagious nature in this vicinity are very few. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. B. HOLLINGSWORTH, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. G. H. BEL AIRE, V.S. V Pembroke, March 31, 1906. Sir, — According to instructions, I have the honour to submit to you a report of my work done during the period between November 1, 1905 and March 31, 1906. On November 27, an outbreak of glanders was reported in the township of Chi- chester, Que. Acting on instructions, I visited that place and aicer a careful ex- amination tested three horses with mallein, none of which reacted. The cause of the suspected glanders was a brown mare showing a slight frothy discharge from nostrils due to heaves in the chronic form. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, GEO. H. BELAIRE. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. WILLIAM C. McGUIRE, D.V.S. CoRXWALL, Oxt., March, 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to sumit my annual report for the six mouths ended March 31, 1906. I have submitted to the tuberculin test during this time, thirty-three head of cattle of which three reacted. The health of annnals in this district has been very good. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. C. McGUIRE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. HEALTH OF AXIilALS 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a D. McKERCHER, V.S. Peterborough, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to make report from November 1 till March 31, as fol- lows : — I have made an examination of seven cars of hogs consigned to Peterborough. I have had no contagious diseases during this period. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, D. McKERCHER. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. J. H. GEORGE, V.S. IXGERSOLL, OxT., March 31, 1906. Sir, — Reporting as to the health of animals in this district, I am pleased to state we have not suffered from an outbreak of any contagious disease for the past year. I had two cases of cerebrospinal meningitis on a farm near Avon in Middlesex county. In my opinion the disease was caused by grasses harvested from low lying and un- drained lands subject to water overflows, spring and fall. I have tested forty-eight horses • for glanders, those horses were piu*chased by parties in Vancouver, and were subjected to the mallein test and not one showed the slightest taint of the disease. Showing that the western buyers are alive as to pro- tection. In my opinion the Health of Animals Branch is doing a good work in strictly inforcing the quarantine regulations. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. H. GEORGE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. E. S. ROGERS, V.S. Sault Ste. Marie, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the period between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. Of contagious diseases there has been none with the exception of typhoid in- fluenza among the horses. However, it does not seem to be as prevalent as in former years. Importations from across the line are very light at this point, there having been only two cattle imported at this point during the last four months. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, E. S. ROGERS Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 192 DEPARTMEST OP ACRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 19C8 H. J. LUXDY, V.S. Emo, Ont., March 31, 1906. Sir, — There have been two head of cattle passed into this district to both of which applied the tuberculin test on and found them free from contagious disease. This is all the stock which has passed through up to March 31. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, H. J. LUNDY, ' Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. C. D. McGILVRAY, M.D.V. Winnipeg, Man., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith report on control work done in con- nection with the contagious diseases of animals for a period of five months extending from Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906, inclusive. GLANDERS. I have during the above period submitted to a first mallein test 328 animals (con- sisting of 302 horses and 26 mules) of which it was necessary to slaughter 138 animals (112 horses and 26 mules) on account of reacting typically to the test. Out of this number slaughtered 61 were showing clinical symptoms of glanders, the remainder 77 were contact infected animals which reacted typically to the test. Six horses were submitted to a second mallein test, of which one was slaughtered as result of reacting typically to a second test, it had also developed clinical symptoms. MANGE OF HORSES. Xo new outbreak of mange has been dealt with by me during the above period. However have still six horses under quarantine from last year. This disease is now apparently well under control in Manitoba. TUBERCULOSIS. I have submitted to the tuberculin test three head of pure bred cattle for export to the United States, these were healthy and did not react to the test. Seven head of pure bred cattle imported from the United States were submitted to the tuberculin test, four of which reacted to the test. The health of animals in general throughout the province of Manitoba has been good during the past winter. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, C. D. McGILVRAY. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS . 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a . J. P. MOLLOY, M.D.V. Morris, Man., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to report that beginning I^ovember 1, 1905, and ending March 31, 1906, that I have submitted to the mallein test 330 horses for a first time, 28 horses for a second time, 2 for a third time. Eighty-nine horses were destroyed as a result of a first test, none were destroyed as a result of a second test, and two were destroyed on December 11 as a result of having reacted a third time. Forty one of the 89 were clinical, and the remainder contact cases. Nine of the 28 tested a second time were first tested prior to November 1, 1905, as were also the two tested a third time. MANGE. Twenty-four horses inspected and quarantined for mange, the property of two different parties, and are still in quarantine. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. P. MOLLOY, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa, C. LITTLE, V.S. Winnipeg, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report of animals inspected from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Imported from the United States as follows: — Horses 2,420 Mules 105 Cattle 1,402 Sheep 10 glanders. I have examined thirteen horses for glanders, tested ten, one of which I des- troyed. The three others I destroyed being clinical. tuberculosis. I tested two pure-bred bulls being exported to United States and found them healthy. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, CHAS. LITTLE. Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 15a— 13 194 • DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 P. A. ROBINSON, V.S. Emerson, March 31, 1906. Sir, — rAs requested, I beg to report the work done for past five mouths at this port. During that time I have inspected 465 horses. 175 cattle, four sheep and five swine belonging to settlers. Also 315 horses, 18 cattle on which fees have been col- lected. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, P. A. EOBINSOX, Ottawa. Inspector. W. LESLIE, V. S. Melita, March 31, 1906. Sir, — In compliance with your request, I submit my report up to and including March 31, 1906, as follows:— Horses and cattle passed cvistoms at the port of Melita — Horses 55 Cattle 7 Of the above, twenty-four horses and seven cattle were settlers effects and thirty- one horses were imported for sale. I have had two outbreaks of glanders since my October report. Thirteen were given the mallein test, and the reactors, seven in number, were destroyed. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, W. LESLIE, Ottawa. Inspector. W. LITTLE, V.S. BoissEVAix, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of animak insijected by me at the customs ports of Deloraine and Killarney, Man., during the months begin- ning November 1, 1905, and ending March 31, 1906 : — Animals insi>ected at Deloraine — Horses, 174; mules, 3; cattle 107. Animals inspected at Killarney — Horses, 203; mules, 16; cattle 142; sheep, 6. AU the above were entered as settlers' effects. Of the above, three horses and four cattle entered for sale. Nine horses were en- tered for breeding pur]X)ses, and 71 horses and 14 mules were entered for railroad con- struction work. The balance of all animals were entered as settlers' effects. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, W. LITTLE, Ottawa. Inspector. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a J. A. STEVENSON, Y.S. Carmax, Man., March 31, 1906. Sir, — According to instructions received in letter dated March 29, I herewith send report from November 1, till March 31, 1906. Everything has been fairly quiet in my district. There have been thi'ee reports of glanders sent in which have been dealt with from Winnipeg, the outcome I do not know. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General JAS. A. STEVENSON, Ottawa. Inspector. Eegina, March 31, 1906. Sir,— I have the honour to submit, herewith, my annual report for the five months ended March 31, 1906, on the work performed in the provinces of Alberta and Sas- katchewan, for the Health of Animals Branch of the Department of Agriculture, by the veterinary staff under my directions, together with the reports of the undermen- tioned inspectors, as follows : — General report. Inspector Burnett, Vet. Surgeon, E.N.W.M. Police. Battleford District. Vet. Staif-Sergt. Meakings. Calgary District. Vet. Staff-Sergt. McVeigh. Dr. P. K. Walters, V.S. Edmonton District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Sweetapple. Lethbridge District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Gallivan, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Johnston, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Greenwood. Maple Creek District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Littlehales, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Dennis, Dr. HargTave, V.S. Macleod District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. White, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Douglas, Dr. Warnock. M.E.C.V.S. Prince Albert District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Mountford. Eegina District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Grey, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Pinhom, Vet. Staff- Sergt. Mitchell, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Ayre, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Olsen, The veterinary staff employed is as follows : — Veterinary surgeons, members of R.N.W.M. Police 17 " " civil practitioners 3 In addition to the above, civil practitioners have been temporarily employed at Eegina, Battleford, and Calgary, where the i^ermanent staff was unable to cope with the work. The staff is distributed as follows : — At ports of entry, 6, viz. : North Portal, Wood Mountain, Willow Creek, Pendant ^'Oreille, Coutts, and Twin Lakes. Eegina District 5 Prince Albert 1 Battleford 1 Edmonton 1 Calgary 2 Macleod 1 Lethbridge 1 Maple Creek 2 15a— 13* 196 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The area of the two provinces is so great, and the importation of stock so heavy, that I have found it impossible to meet and deal with aU outbreaks of disease in an effective manner. I realize that every report should be investigated without delay and prompt action taken, but with the limited veterinary staff, this was not possible. Every member has worked incessantly, and some I know have been despondent because they could not cope with their work. In my opinion the staff must be largely increased. If veterinary surgeons of the proper stamp cannot be secured imder the present arrangements for pay, 6:c.. then such a substantial increase of pay should be given as will secure their services. I need not dwell on the importance of eradicating disease in the new provinces, nor of the difficulties we encounter, as you are quite familiar with the conditions. As in my previous report, the chief contagious and infectious diseases with which we have had to deal are: In horses, glanders and maladie du coit; and in cattle, mange. GLANDERS. Conditions have not changed with regard to this disease. We are still fighting in every portion of the new provinces, but principally in Southeastern and Central Sas- katchewan. The ignorance of horse owners is lamentable. Livery stable owners have kept in their stables horses in advanced stages of glanders, spreading the disease broadcast throughout their districts without even a suspicion entering their heads that the dis- ease might be glanders, although they must have known that glanders was in the country. The owner of a large band of horses acknowledged to having the disease in his band for years, and continued to sell his horses which were taken far and wide. Several convictions have been secured, but more convictions and severer penalties will have to be inflicted until the owners of horses waken up to the danger. MALADIE DU COIT. Our inspectors are vigorously combating this disease which is found only in Southern Alberta, with one exception in Saskatchewan at Rush Lake. • MANGE. ' The compulsory dipping of last season has been of great benefit. Isolated cases of mange have been found in all the area covered by the dipping order, but most of the cases have occurred in that portion of the Calgary district where owners opposed dipping or dipped carelessly. By your authority, range riders were employed during the winter months to ride the range and locate mangy animals. The services of these riders have been valuable. Is a compulsory dipping order to be enforced this year { This is a question which is being asked. Opinion is divided. The benefits which have been conferred on the cattle industry by the compulsory dipping of 1904 and 1905 are acknowledged by all. Many say that as their herds are now clean, why then should they dip. Others say that although conditions have much improved, still as there are isolated cases of mange here and there, compulsory dipping is necessary to keep the disease in check and that if dipping is neglected, in a year or two conditions will be as they were in 1903-4. It is a question of great importance, and I trust that a correct solution will be reached on the occasion of your next visit to the west. I am of opinion that the stock growers recognize that you are anxious to do what is best for their interests. They recognize that the Department of Agriculture has spent money freely and that the result has been most advantageous. I have to thank the veterinary staff for their unflagging zeal in carrying on their duties. HEALTH OF AXniALS 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a I wish also to thank you for your support and encouragement given to the veterinary staff in carrying out their very important duties. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. BOWEN PEERY, Commissioner. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa, J. F. BURXETT, V.S. Eegina, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report for the Department of Agriculture for the five months ending March 31, together with those of the follow- ing inspectors. Sweetapple, C. H. H.. Fort Saskatchewan. Mitchell, W., Xorth Portal. Mountford, J. .J., Prince Albert. Johnston, H. J., Coutts. Whit€, S. A. K., Macleod. Gray, F., Eegina. McVeigh, C. H., Calgary. Gallivan, M. V.. Lethbridge. Littlehales, J. E.. Maple Creek. Douglas, A. E., Twin Lakes. Greenwood, E. S., Wild Horse. Dennis, A. E., Willow Creek. Pinhorn, G., Eegina. All of the Eoyal North West Mounted Police. Hargrave, J. C, Medicine Hat. Warnock, D.. Pincher Creek. Walters^ P. K., Okotoks. Civil practitioners. The work of the department has progressed in as satisfactory a manner as could be expected with the limited number of inspectors employed, the great drawback be- ing that there are not enough to permit of every case reported being promptly attended to. This country is filling up so rapidly, that naturally the demand for the services of veterinary inspectors is increasing. This time last year. Staff Sergeants Mitchell, Busselle, Olsen and Dennis were working out of Eegina, while at present there are only two, Staff-Sergeants Gray and Pinhorn. Staff-Sergeant Dennis had ix> be called in on account of his health, and Staff-Sergeant Busselle is in hospital with no immediate prospect of his being returned to duty. Glanders the most wide5j»read and prevalent disease we have to contend with is occupying the greater part of our time and attention, and while certain districts appear to have got rid of it, there are cases being continually reported from some of the most thickly settled parts of the country. In the country traversed by the Soo line, inspectors have been working for months, and no sooner do we begin to think that we have cleaned it up than a fresh outbreak is reported, this may be accounted 198 DEPARTMEyi OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S for from the fact that a large number of American horses have been taken into that country. A very .serious outbreak of glanders occurred among the horses of ' C ' Division, Royal Northwest Mounted Police, Battleford, all horses belonging to the division were tested with the result that it was found necessary to destroy eleven. It is impos- sible to say where the first animal infected contracted the disease, as the horses were sent to that post from all parts of the country, and as many of them were used in patrol- ing, they were put in all kinds and conditions of stables. Another outbreak occurred among the police horses stationed in the Yorkton district, a large percentage of which it was found necessary to destroy, and while the testing of these horses was being carried out a number of other cases were brought to the notice of the inspector employed, it being impossible now to say when he will be through. The outbreak cannot be traced to its source, biit I am of the opinion that the infection was car- ried into that district by horses used on the construction of the Canadian Northern Railway. MALADIE DU COIT^ Since the rendering of the last annual report a number of new cases of this disease have been discovered by our inspectors, one lot of infected animals being in a bunch brought from the States. This disease has temporarily injured the horse breeding interests of the west, I say temporarily for I believe it will be the means of doing away with a good deal of haphazard breeding. Owners will keep smaller bunches, will keep their horses in properly fenced pastures, and when they have to go to this expense, they will want a better class of animal. Owners of mares are complaining that they cannot get their mares bred as the owners of stallions refuse them unless they can furnish a certificate of health, while veterinary surgeons refuse to give such certificates, as it is not always possible to say whether an animal is in- fected or not, the result will be that in future the business will be carried on with more intelligence and care, HORSE MANGE. This disease appears to be well in hand at present, no serious outbreak having been reported .since last report. The cases now brought to our notice, are principally among farmers horses where the disease is easily controlled and there is little danger of it spreading. CATTLE MANGE. Since the expiration of the time in which the compulsory dipping order was enforced, a number of cases have been reported from certain districts, while in other parts the affection appears to have entirely disappeared. On the whole, an immense improvement in the condition of the range is noticeable, and so far as I can learn deaths during the winter have been practically nil. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JXO. F. BURNETT, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a t C. H. SWEETAPPLE, V.S. Port Saskatchewan, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following annual report of services per- formed for the Department of Agricuhure for the year ending March 31, 1906. Of the contagious and infectious diseases which have occurred most frequently in the past, glanders has prevailed most extensively and in almost every locality, but I am now able to report that only two outbreaks have come to my notice, and neither of these could be traced to localities where this disease had previously occurred. Pifty-six mules, which were at work on the Canadian Northern Railway con- struction, were tested for glanders in the latter part of November, 1905, and of these two reacted and were destroyed, presenting no siispicious symptoms of glanders. Small outbreaks of glanders also occurred at Morningside and Ponoka. These were promptly dealt with in accordance with the regulations. I examined about seventy-five head of horses which were supposed to have came from locality in Montana, where maladie du coit was supposed to exist, but none of these animals presented any symptoms of this disease. Mange has made its appearance near Ponoka, but as it is among a small number of cattle it will no doubt be stamped out at once. Only one case of tuberculosis has come under my notice and the disease was in an advanced stage so animal was destroyed by the owner on being informed of the nature of the disease, and the condition of the animal which could not live but short time. Black quarter has made its appearance in almost every locality and has proved 1 very serious loss to many of the settlers. Vaccination is becoming quite general among the more intelligent settlers, but there are still a few who resort to the old method of mutilating their animals as a preventive. Influenza has been quite general in this district but losses have been slight as it has usually been of a benign character. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, C. H. H. SWEETAPPLE, Ottawa. Veterinary Siaff-Sergt. W. MITCHELL, V.S. North Portal, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour, in compliance with your instructions, to forward this re- port of quarantine work performed at North Portal during the five months ending the 31st ulto. And, obviously, at a boundary point like this, especially at this season of the year, the character of the work performed has consisted almost exclusively in inspect- ing incoming settlers' goods. Indeed to such an extent has this been the case during the interval in question that of a total of 6,166 horses inspected, only 577 were the pro- perty of others than actual settlers. And of these latter it might be remarked that, with the exception of a few stragglers brought across the line by adjacent Canadian residents for their own use, they consisted principally of aged workhorses of inferior quality from southern points brought in in carload lots of eighteen to twenty, and, with the exception of one lot consigned to Qu'Appelle, were consigned to Moosejaw and intermediate points on the ' Soo ' line. 200 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 ^DWARD VII., A. 1^06 Of mules, 358 animals were inspected and with scarcely an exception, consisted of settlers' stock. Of cattle, a total of 1,962 animals were inspected and, with the exception of one carload of registered Herefords imported for breeding purposes, and one Holstein bull calf consigned by express to a Canadian purchaser, were exclusively settlers' stock. In the case of sheep and swine, however, possibly less than a dozen each reached the international line, and these their owners elected to dispose of in Portal, North Dakota, at fair prices rather than incur the expenses incidental to quarantining, to- gether with the subsequent express charges implied in forwarding them to their re- spective owners. In conclusion tliis following brief summary of the work performed might be in- serted : — Horses 6,166 Mules 358 Cattle 1,962 Sheep Swine I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, W. MITCHELL, Ottawa. Veterinary 8taff-Sergt. J. J. MOUNTFOED, V.S. Prince Albert, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the work done by me for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, until March 31, 1906. I administered the mallein test to seventy-three head of horses, forty of these stood the test, thirty-three reacted to the test and were destroyed. Twenty head of horses were showing diagnostic symptoms of glanders, and were destroyed without be- ing tested. Eleven cases of mange in horses came to my notice, ten of the above have been treated successfully and released from quarantine. One is still isolated and under treatment. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, J. J. MOUNTFOED, Ottawa. Veterinary Staff-Sergt. S. A. K. WHITE, V.S. MACLEOD, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following report of services performed for the Department of Agriculture, from November 1. 1905, to March 31, 1906 : — During the month of November I was stationed at Twin Lakes, examining import stock, and looking after the carrying out of the mange dipping order. I was laid off duty through sickness from November 30, 1905, to March 4, 1906 ; returning to" HEALTH OF ANIMALS 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Macleod upon recovery. Mj time has since been fully occupied, in inv«stigating sus- picious cases of contagious disease, and the inspection of animals for shipment, having examined 199 horses and 72 cattle for this purpose. I have also destroyed three horses affected with glanders, and have detected a number of cases of mange, which were dealt with according to the regulations. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. S. A. K WHITE, Veterinary Staff Sergt. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. A. E. DOUGLAS, D.V.S. Twin Lakes, Alta., March 31, 1906. SiR^ — I have the honour to forward herewith the following report of services per- formed for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906 :— During the month of Xovember a great part of my time was taken up in connec- tion with compulsory dipping operations, and clerical work. Shipments of stock were frequent, which necessitated a considerable amount of travelling. I inspected 339 horses for shipment. During December I tested three horses for glanders. One reacted and was de- stroyed. I also examined twenty-five horses and a band of cattle and found them free from disease. I inspected 186 horses for shipment. During January I quarantined three horses for mange, and also saw several cattle affected with that disease. I inspected and held for further test one mare sus- pected of being affected with glanders. I inspected 109 horses and fifty-eight cattle for shipment. In February I tested thirty-four horses with mallein, of which six reacted and T.-ere destroyed. I inspected seventy-four head of horses and thirty-five cattle for ship- ment. On February 22 I was transferred to this detachment from Macleod, since which I have inspected 127 import horses. In March I quarantined twelve horses as being affected with mange, and inspected seventy-nine horses and fifty-two cattle for shipment. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. E. DOUGLAS, Veterinary Staff Sergt. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. E. A. MEAKINGS, M.D.V. Battleford, March 31, 1906. Sm, — I have the lionour to forward report of quarantine work performed by me from November 1, 1905, till March 31, 1906 :— 202 BEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 I am pleased to say that almost all cases of mange previously reported have been successfully treated, but there are three fresh cases in this district at present; all are responding to treatment readily. An outbreak of glanders I regret to say occurred in the police stables here, this was first noticed in the form of farcy buttons, all horses in the division were forth- with tested and a reaction followed, in a large majority these reactors were destroyed and stables were thoroughly disinfected. Xo other outbreaks have occurred with the exception of Paynton at which place five were destroyed, these, however, were reactors of long standing. I am pleased to state that I find the settlers realize the seriousness of this disease and most of them report at once any suspicious symptoms that may be found. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. E. A. MEAKIXGS, Veterinary Staff Sergt. J. E. LITTLEHALES, D.V.S. Maple Creek, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of work performed for the Department of Agriculture from October 31, 1905, to March 31, 1906. Number of miles travelled — Train 1.090 and return Trail 430 Stock inspected — Horses imported 201 Cattle imported 291 Horses exported 356 Cattle 1,944 The horses and cattle exported were inspected at different points on the line, be- tween Suffield, Alta., and Waldeck, Sask. The above importations were inspected at Maple Creek until a veterinary inspec- tor was stationed at Willow Creek port of entry. GLAXDERS. Horses tested, 12; destroyed after reacting, 3; destroyed showing clinical symp- toms, 3. Glanders seems to be slightly on the increase, although it has not spread to any great extent yet, but cases turn up every now and again. Most of the cases have been among horses in the district north of Herbert. MANGE. There have been very few cases of mange reported among cattle during the year, what few that have been diseased have been promptly gathered and treated. The Canadian Land and Ranch Company of Crane Lake had about fifteen dis- eased animals, but these have been treated and cured. There are several ranchers in the HEALTH OF AXIMALS 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Skull Creek district who have had their cattle quarantined all winter on account of not complying properly with the dipping orders, these people have been ordered to dip their cattle this spring. I have inspected their cattle several times during the winter, but have found no cases of mange among them. Last year's dipping seems to have cleaned the country of mange very thoroughly, and most of the ranchers are anxious for the compulsory dipping again this year, in order to rid the country of the few remaining cases. This last winter has been an exceptionally good one and all cattle are in good health and condition. I have had no horse mange reported to me during the year. The health of sheep in this district seems to be very satisfactory, as no disease has been reported during the year. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, J. E. LITTLEHALES, Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt. A. E. DENNIS, V.S. Willow Creek. March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to forward report on quarantine work done on Soo line and Souris line from Moosejaw round to Gainsborough from October 31, 1905, to March 11, 1906. In that time I tested about one hundred and eighty-five horses, out of that number, I destroyed thirty-two for glanders and quarantined quite a num- ber of horses for mange. Especially south of the Soo line near the Hills. I only came across two cattle with mange and one of them died and the other one is isolated. On March 11, left the Soo line for Kegina. On March 25, left Regina for Maple Creek en route for Willow Creek and arrived here on March 29, 1906. I have not inspected any stock up to date, at this port of entry. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, A. E. DENNIS, Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt. E. S. GEEENWOOD, V.S. PexdajST d'Oreille, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report of inspections at this port of entry together with a brief report of other work performed for the Department of Agricialture in the outlying district allotted to me for the five months ending March 31, 1906. The number and classes of animals imported from the United States which have been inspected and allowed to enter at this port of entry as follows : — Horses "03 Cattle 87 204 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 MANGE. That part of the district set apart for me to work was a portion of the country coming under the compulsory dipping order of 1905. This compulsory dipping has had a decidedly good effect, having almost completely eradicated this disease in this district. Since the expiration of the compulsory dipping season, I have mad© numerous visits to the different ranchers of my district trying to locate if possible, any cases of mange, up to this time I have only found sixteen cases, the reports of which have been forwarded to you from time to time. Ranchers here seen to be fully aware of the seriousness of this disease, and give every assistance possible to stamp it out. GLAXDERS. During the last week in March while inspecting a bunch of horses belonging to a rancher in this district, I came across seven horses showing clinical symptoms of glanders. I have quarantined these and all contact animals, also horses on the adjoining ranch. All those horses will be subjected to the mallein test and disposed of according to the regulations. With the exception of this outbreak no other cases of glanders have appeared in this district. MALADIE DU COIT. During the summer of 1905, this disease appeared on one of the ranches in this district, but I am pleased to say is now thought to be completely stamped out. During the past month I have inspected all the available mares, and have made arrangements for a close inspection of the entire herd. With the exception of the above, no contagious disease has appeared among stock in the district. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. E. S. GREENWOOD, Veterinary Staff Sergt. H. M. GRAY, M.D.V. Kamsack, Sask., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to herewith inclose report of work performed by me from November 1, to March 31, 1906. The greater part of my time I have been employed in southern and northeastern Saskatchewan. The contagious disease most met with was glanders. A quite serious outbreak occurred at Stony Creek the end of January, which at the present time is well under control. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. H. M. GRAY, Veterinary Staff Sergt. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a H. J. JOHXSTOX, V.S. CouTTS, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report of work done for the Department of Agriculture, from Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. I am pleased to be able to state that, in this locality we are free from all diseases of a contagious or infectious character, not even a case of mange having been reported to me by any of the ranchers since dipping season closed last October, Number of animals imported: — Horses 1,722 Mules 5 Cattle 385 Sheep 27 Swine 1 Total exports — Horses 51 Cattle 1,308 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, H. J. JOHNSTON, Veterinary Staff Sergt. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. M. Y. GALLIYAN, Y.S. Lethbridge, Alta., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to forward this my report of work done for the Depart- ment of Agriculture dealing with the period from Xovember 1, 1905, to end of our year on March 31, 1906. I have in that time examined for shipment 2,124 cattle, 18 mules and 549 horses. I found it necessary to reject thirty mares on account of maladie du coit, which re- duces the number of horses shipped to 519. I have had to exercise extra care in examining mares on account of the prevalence of this disease. I therefore did not think it advisable to allow any mare to be shipped that exhibited the slightest symptom. I have made a number of trips to different parts to attend to mares and stallions affected with the above disease, the worst and largest number of cases were found in and around Sterling, Alta. A grade Percheron stallion stood for service in Sterling last year and communicated the disease to a large number of mares. The mares served by this stallion during the season of 1904 seem to be in good health, it therefore seems that the stallion contracted the disease during the early part of last years breeding season. This stallion was slaughtered a few weeks ago on the premises of owner. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. M. V. GALLITAN, Veterinary Staff Sergt. 206 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 N. P. OLSEN, V.S. Wood Mountaix, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on quarantine work per- formed by me from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906 : — During the first month of this period I was working in the Medicine Hat District, my duties being in connection with compulsory dipping of cattle in Dipping District 'No. 13. This, owing to unavoidable delays was not completed until the latter part of November. About Decembepr 1, I took over the duties of veterinary staff-.sergeant at thi^ port of entry. BOUNDARY INSPECTION. Records kept in thi^ office show the following animals entered here and inspected by ex-StafP-Sergt. Perry during December, 1905: — Horses 19 head. Cattle 19 " From December 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906, the following animals were inspected by me, passed as healthy and entered here : — Horses 25 Cattle 1 Sheep 7 GLANDERS. I regret to report that this disease is prevalent in this locality. During the past v^inter I have destroyed fourteen affected horses, thirteen of these were w'hen destroyed exhibiting clinical symptoms. At present a herd of range horses, comprising about 500 head are under quarantine near Willow Bunch, they will be subjected to the anallein test as soon as the squeezers and corrals now under construction on the quar- antined premises are completed. MANGE. Dipping being optional in this district, last year no animals were treated. Mange appeared amongst the cattle in about 'fifty per cent of the herds during the winter, and was dealt with in accordance with the regulations relating to this disease. The stock being as a resvilt of the excellent conditiou of the range and mild nature of the winter, in a vigorous state of health suffered very little from the disease. Xo other diseases of a contagious or infectious nature have come under, my ob- servation. I have the honour to be., sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, N". P. OLSEN, Ottawa. Veterinary -Staff Sergt. c. H. McVeigh, v.s. Calgary, Alta., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report of work done for the Department of Agriculture for that portion of the year commencing November 1, 1905, ending March 31, 1906, « HEALTH OF ANIMALS 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Cattle mange has been almost eradicated by the compulsory mange dipping order. Scarcely any mange is reported from the district north of Calgary, but I am sorry to state it seems prevalent to some extent through the High River district. Arrange- ments are now being made to dip these cattle this spring. The total number of stock inspected for shipment are as follows : — Horses. Cattle. November, 1905 290 733 December, 1905 211 428 January, 1906 119 532 February, 190G 177 631 March, 1906 393 1,037 Total 1,190 3,.361 Glanders is still to be found throughout this district, twenty-six horses have been destroyed during this period at a compensation value of $1,865.99, twelve of these were destroyed by P. K. Walters, V.S.. thirteen by C. H. McVeigh, V.S., and one bv A. Hobbs, Y.S. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, CHAS. H. McVEIGH, Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt. G. C. PIXHOEX, V.S. EsTEVAN, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to report that since my arrival in the Estevan district, the following cases have been attended to by me: — GLANDERS. Tested 118 Destroyed without test 3 Reacted to test and destroyed 22 Reacted to test and held for retest by owner 3 Held for retest on suspicion 3" No reaction 53 MAXGE. Twenty-nine cases. Twenty-six of which are on one ranch. ' There are only a few isolated cases of mange in the district, but I regret to inform you that the disease of glanders is very prevalent. The poor sanitary con- ditions in many of the stables visited, and the lack of knowledge of the contagious character of the disease among some horse owners are not conducive to the stamp- ing out of it. But by vigourous enforcement of the Contagious Diseases Act, I feel confident that the disease can eventually be controlled. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General. GERALD C. PIXHORX, Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt. 208 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICDLTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 J. C. HAEGEAVE, D.V.S. Medicike Hat, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit, for your consideration, the following report for the period extending from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. The number and classes of animals inspected and passed for shipment are as lollows: — Horses 821 Cattle • 716 I A number of shipments from the district have been inspected by others during my absence. The total shipments for the period are more than double the above figures. The number and classes of animals imported from the United States and in- spected at Maple Creek are here given: — Stallions 1 Mares 18 Geldings 15 Colts 4 Total 38 GLANDERS. The number of horses destroyed during the past five (5) months are six, two pre- sented clinical symptoms, the balance were condemned on mallein test. Horses tested and destroyed 4 Horses destroyed without testing 2 Suspicious cases examined only 6 Number now awaiting retest 1 The latter animal is one requested to be retested by your department. Average valuation of those destroyed, $81.66-1. MALADIE DU COIT. Number of horses examined, 1,660; number destroyed, mares, 47; stallions, 5; total, 52. Average vahiation, mares, $78. 72 J; stallions, $180. Number detained in quarantine under suspicion, mares, 39; stallions, 5; total. 44. Of the stallions destroyed, one was a registered horse and the balance grade. Number of -animals examined under the Animals Contagious Diseases Act, horses, 2,756. Eespectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. C. HAEGEAVE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa, EEALTH OF ANIMALS 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a J D. WARNOCK, M.E.C.V.S. PixcHER Creek, llarch 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report on work performed for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. MALADIE DU COIT. During Xovember I dealt with some cases of maladie du coit among mares in the Cardston and Mountain View districts. In nearly every case I found that the affect- ed animal had come originally and within the past few years, from the United States. Early in January a farmer in the Porcupine Hills informed me that a mare, hia property, had died, and from the symptoms described I suspected maladie du coit. Learning that this mare had been on the Peigan reservation, and had been served by some Indian stallions, I reported to the officer commanding R.N.W.M. Police, Macleod, who forwarded my report to the acting Indian agent and at the request of the latter I examined some stallions the property of the Indian Department, and a stallion be- longing to one of the Indians. Finding two stallions exhibiting suspicious symptoms I quarantined these and, later, quarantined all mares and stallions on the reservation. The Indian agent is arranging to have all mares and stallions gathered for ex- amination early in April. In February I made a second examination of about 150 mares, and finding thirty- two affected, valued and destroyed these. I also examined a number of mares the pro- perty of farmers in the Tongiie Creek and Okotoks districts, and finding several clearly affected, valued and destroyed these. Other suspected mares are quarantined for re- examination. The affected mares in these districts are principally animals purchased out of an infected herd within the past year or two. Some of the farmers have had a convinc- ing experience of the virulent nature of this disease, as a number of mares either died after being broken and put to hard work, or became so weak as to be quite unfit for "(vork purposes. I have also examined and dealt with a number of mares in the Macleod and Por- cupine Hills districts. Since the 1st of November I have destroyed forty-two (42) mares affected with maladie du coit. GLANDERS. On December 3, I received instructions from the Veterinary Director General to proceed to Jaffray, B.C., to co-operate with Dr. Bell in dealing with an outbreak of glanders at that point. After applying the mallein test we found twenty-four horses affected with glanders and destroyed these. Later in December I tested twelve horses at Frank, Alberta, and finding three of these affected, destroyed them. In November I destroyed a stallion at High River, showing clinical symptoms of glanders. Since the 1st of November. 1905, I have destroyed twenty-eight (28) horses affected with glanders, of which number 24 were destroyed at Jaffray, B.C., and four in Alberta. From November 1, 1905. to March 31, 1906, I made twenty-seven inspections of stock for shipment from Macleod, Pincher, Cowley and Frank stations on the Crow's Nest branch, Canadian Pacific Railway. , I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, The Veterinary Director General, D. WARNOCK, Ottawa, Inspector. 15a— U 210 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A, 1905 P. K. WALTERS, V.S. Calgary, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the Department of Agri- culture, from November 1, 1905 to March 31, 1906. In November, most of the ranchers in No, 12 district dipped their cattle for mange very satisfactorily. The ranchers and farmers who did not comply vpith the Compulsory Dipping Regulations were quarantined. "Where no mange was found in the cattle during the winter months, the quarantine was raised. Some cattle which were very mangy were dipped in oil with very good results, only two breaking out during the winter months out of forty-six head of cattle which were in a very bad state, being nearly raw all over before being dipped. During December, numerous cattle were inspected for mange, and where mange was found, and the cattle dipped, the quarantine was subsequently raised. Also de- stroyed four horses for glanders in the Didsbury district. During the month of January I quarantined two mares showing suspicious symptoms of maladie du coit in the High River and Sheep Creek district, which were destroyed by Drs. Warnock and Gallivan. Also inspected numerous cattle in this dis- trict for mange, and tested two horses for glanders. During the month of February two horses were destroyed by me for glanders. Also took a tour of inspection of cattle between the Bow River and East Arrowhead country, accompanied by Deputy Mange Inspector Sanders, and found quite a few cases of mange on the open range. Also found a few cases of mange west of High River, in district No. 12, which were taken in and treated. Also 'quarantined three bands of cattle, and tested fourteen horses for glanders, destroying five head. Also quarantined three mares showing well marked symptoms of maladie du coit, in the Okotoks and Lineham districts. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, P. K. WALTERS, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. S. HADWEN, D.V.S. Lethbridge, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a brief report on the work done at the Maladie du Coit Experimental station from November 1, 1905, to the end of our year en March 31, 1906. The stabling accommodation at the station was finished early in November, and I began at once to carry out your instructions regarding the work to be undertaken. The experimental animals here now number twenty-seven ; twenty-five mares and two colts, also a number of the smaller animals for inoculations. The object of the station being to discover the nature, causes, and general char- acteristics of the disease known as maladie du coit, my time thus being taken up *mainly with post-mortem work at the station and in the surrounding country, also :n collecting information as to the value of the different symptoms exhibited by the affected animals ; as an aid to diagnosing the affection. The early evidences of the disease are so obscure that manifestly it is of the utmost importance to discover some sure means of diagnosis in the primary stages. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a The details of the pathological work and experiments have been forwarded monthly for your consideration and approval. Whenever possible I have accompanied the various maladie du coit inspectors on their inspection trips, and have added greatly to my knowledge of the disease and -of the conditions under which it exists in Southern Alberta ; in this connection I may tstate that the horse breeders of this southern portion of the province are becoming daily more alive to the fact that strict measures are necessary in order to stamp it out, and are anxious to co-operate with the inspectors in their work. I believe this condition of affairs to be the natural result of ktiowledge gained by experience of the fatal and contagious nature of maladie du coit. The time for the breeding experiments you suggested is fast approaching, the winter seems to be nearly over, it is to be hoped that these will be the means of elucidating the problems which now confront the veterinarians of Canada. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, SEYMOUE HADWEX, Assistant Pathologist. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. J. W. BLAND, V.S. Vancouver, B.C., :M:arch 31, 1906. SiRj — I beg to submit a report of inspections made by me at ports of Vancouver and Xew Westminster districts and sub-ports of Huntingdon and Douglas for five months ending March 31, 1906. The following animals were inspected at Vancouver, B.C.: — Cow, 1; horses, 1-4; sheep, 11,130; all of which passed inspection. The following animals were inspected at Westminster and sub-ports of Hunting- don and Douglas : — Horses, 228 ; mules, 4 ; cows, 88 ; also 20 pure bred Hereford ani- mals; 88 cows and calves, 10-4 horses and 4 mules were entered as settlers' effects. All the above animals passed inspection. The corralls erected by the railway company at Huntingdon and Douglas are a decided improvement and have facilitated the work of inspection at those ports. The stock yards in these districts have been kept in a clean and sanitary condition during the year. A rather serious outbreak of glanders occurred in Vancouver during the past year but prompt and effective measures have been taken to stamp out the disease as rapidly as possible. All cars arriving with cattle from mange-affected districts of the North- •west have been thoroughly cleansed and disinfected upon arrival at this port. This -work has been carefully carried out by the railway officials. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. W. BLAND, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. 15a— 14i 212 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 W. S. BELL, V.S. Cranbrook, B.C., March 31, 1906. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit to you my report from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. During the month o'f November, an outbreak of glanders occurred at Jaffray, on the premises of the East Kootenay Lumber Company, twenty in all showed clinical symptoms, the remaining contacts reacted to test and were destroyed. A number of horses which had been in contact or exposed were tested, eight of which reacted and v^as destroyed and all the premises thoroughly cleansed and disinfected. The importation during those months is very light at Port of Gateway. There was cattle, 156 ; horses, 109; goats, 106. Kykert's; horses, 12; cattle, 10; 393 animals passed for inspection. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. W. S. BELL, Inspector. D. TiaiBLYX, D.V.S. Midway, B.C., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report for the Depart- ment of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. BOUNDARY INSPECTION. For Entry. In transit 1st Inspection. In transit 2-6 Inspections. Total. Horses Mules 21 214 2 80 337 572 •-> Cattle 69 149 Sheep Swine 6 6 Grand total 96 296 337 729 In regard to the adequacy of the transit work here, I think the present system is all that is called for. One inspection per month is quite sufficient to preserve the health of our Canadian stock. I make it a rule when on the road to stop all transit teams and inspect them, I also visit the stables in which the freighters stable their horses, so that by doing this the majority of teams are inspected three and four times per month. The inspection of ' stage horses ' necessitates my making a trip once per month to Rock Creek, this being their destination. I think as a precautionary measure that all horses imported from the Chesaw, Molson and Kipling districts should be subjected to the mallein test, as it is from these districts that my glandered cases have originated. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 213 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1 5a ■ GLANDERS. On January 3rd, 1906, I received a report that glanders existed near Greenwool, B.C. On investigating I found no contagious disease. On February 6, 1906, I inspected 3 horses, the property of S. Nelson Kipling, Wash., and I found it necessary to mallein them, of which two reacted, these animals were given over to the state veterinarian for Washington to deal with. February 20, 1906, I reeived a telegram from Dr. Tolmie to proceed to Cran- brook and there to work in co-operation with Dr. Bell, in making an inspection of all lumber and milling company horses of that district, this tour of inspection kept one occupied the best part of a month, as it was impossible to inspect more than one camp per diem, owing to the camps being so scattered and the train service so unreliable. Outside of one stable, nothing of a contagious nature was detected. One or two cases of influenza, accompanied with suppurating glands were seen at the Elk Lumber Company stables, Hormer, and as I deemed it advisable, I asked Dr. Bell to make a second inspection within 15 to 20 days. Several reactors I had destroyed and burnt, and the usual precautions taken as to disinfecting, &c. The number of horses inspected during this tour numbered 289. Destroyed 3 on 2nd test, and 1 tested for the 1st time, 4 tested for the 2nd time. During my absence from Midway the inspection work was carried on by Dr. Frank of Grand Forks. BLACK QU.\RTER. On November 24, 1905, I visited two farms near Rock Creek, B.C., to investi- gate a disease in cattle, which I found to be black quarter. I gave both farmers full instructions as to the precautionary measures, disinfecting and burning of carcasses. Xumber of cattle on premises 13-4 Died 8 Remaining 126 TUBERCL'LOSIS. I have tested 25 head of cattle for importation from the United States, all of which I found healthy. The necessity of a stable here at Midway for this work I mentioned in my last report. In closing I desire to mention that Dr. Tolmie, chief inspector for B.C., has afforded me the greatest assistance from time to time on matters of great importance to the department. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, D. TAMBLYN, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. D. CORISTINE, V.S. OsoYOOS, B.C., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of quarantine work done at this point during the period between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906. 214 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Inspections of stock, settlers' effects, prospective settlers and stock for speculative purposes as follows : — Horses 29 Pigs 6 There has been no indication of disease among stock imported. There has been no outbreak of contagious or infectious disease in the district during the period mentioned. I endeavour as far as possible to keep a supervision over the district from Anar- chist mountain to Similkameen valley as far as Keremeos, and from international boundary to around Penticton. I have recently seen the bulk of the cattle owned by the Southern Okanagan Land Company and F. Richter, of Keremeos, these being the only large bunches in the district. There is no disease among them this spring, although a good many of them are in a rather poor condition. The past winter has not been a favourable one for stock,. and so far the spring is cold and dry, consequently grass is making poor headway. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, D. CORISTINE, The Veterinary Director General, Inspector. Ottawa. J. W. FRANK, V.S. Grand Forks, B.C., March 31, 1906. SiR;, — I have the honour to submit a report of work performed from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906, inclusive. During the above mentioned period the following animals have been inspected : — Horses 286 Mules 4 Cattle 37 Sheep 0 Swine 28 Of this number 28 horses, 37 cattle and 28 swine were for importation (the others being principally animals in transit), six horses of this number were refused entry as they reacted to the mallein test. During the above mentioned period five horses have been destroyed with glanders in this town, one on inspection, three on the first test, and one on being tested the second time. Six other horses came under the test, five of which have been tested the second time and the sixth is at present undergoing the test for the third time. Two of the five have already been declared healthy. Information received as to a case of mange in horses, proved to be without foun- dation. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. WILLIAMSON FRANK, The Veterinary Director General Inspector. Ottawa. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 215 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a G. S. JEEMYN, Y.S. Vernon, March 31, 1906. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report to the month of November. At Osoyoos I inspected the following, two horses and six swine, and met with no disease. Since starting on December 6 to work under instructions from Dr. Tolmie in the Okanagan district, I have tested for glanders five hundred and seventy-seven horses (577), of which two hundred and nineteen were diseased, and were destroyed in the various places as follows : — Vernon and vicinity, 214 horses tested, 76 destroyed. Kelowna and vicinity, 154 horses tested, 86 destroyed. Peachland and vicinity, 63 horses tested, 26 destroyed. Armstrong and vicinity, 31 horses tested, 23 destroyed. Enderby and vicinity 15 horses tested, 8 destroyed. The disease is gradually being controlled, the worst centres of infection in the Okanagan having been dealt with. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, G. S. JERMTN, Ottawa. Inspector. J. GIBBmS, M.R.C.V.S. March 31, 1906. Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report as requested. Since forwarding my last report I have been dealing solely with the outbreak of glanders. In all I have tested for some 520, retested S6, and again retested for a third time, 23. And of the above numbers 78 have been killed for glanders, not including 3 con- demned on December 29. On the second test 12 were killed, and one on the third test, making the total killed 78 as above stated. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. The Veterinary Director General, JOHNSON GIBBINS, Ottawa. Inspector. C. E. EICHARDS, M.D.V. Victoria, B.C., March 31, 1906. Sir, — I beg to submit the following as my report of the work carried on from October 31, 1905, to March 31, 1906. The importations were as follows : — Horses 18 Mules 42 Cattle 3 Sheep 8,771 Exportations — Horses 4 216 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 175 sheep consigned to the British Columbia Market Company, Victoria, were re- turned to Washington, owing to being affected with scab. One Jersey bull, consigned to Geo. Sangster, Victoria, was rejected, being tuberculous. I have tested with mallein 27 horses, 14 were tested a second, and one a third time, making the total number of tests 42. Nine were destroyed affected with glanders. In all cases a thorough disinfection of the premises followed when the disease was found. Hog cholera was dealt with at Fiddick Junction and Xanaimo; 16 hogs were destroyed. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, C. R. RICHARDS, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. H. H. S. GEORGE, M.R.C.V.S. Kamloops, B.C., March 31, 1906. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit a report of inspection made by me for tho period dating from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906. I have inspected horses in the following districts during that time for glanders, Peachland, Golden, Palliser, Vernon, Grande Prairie and Enderby, B.C. Out of the total number of horses tested, viz., 435, one hundred and eighty-four (184) passed the test, one hundred and three (103) reacted to the test, and one hun- dred and forty-eight (148) are suspects. Below is a tabulated form of the number of horses submitted to the test in each district, and the results of the test for that district. The nuTibei- of suspects may seem to appear very large, but in a great number of cases the ..-jrses, although if by themselves would have passed the test, were held, as I thought it advisable, they being in company with those destroyed for the disease, and during the carrying out of the test were eating out of the same manger. District. Peachland, R. C Golden, B. C Palliser, B. C Vernon, B. C Grande Prairie, B. C. Enderby, B. C Passed. Reacted. 4.5 26 6 15 16 4 113 50 1 9 3 Suspected. Number Tested. 48 19 14 47 16 3 119 40 34 210 26 6 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, H. H. S. GEORGE, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. HEALTH OF AXIMALS 217 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a D. WARNOCK, M.R.C.V.S. PixcHER Creek, November 28, 1905. Sir, — I have tlie honour herewith to submit my report relative to disease prevail- ing among cattle in Beaver Creek district, Porcupine hills. Alberta. ' DOGIE ' DISEASE. This is a non-contagious disease and in my opinion, is a combination of osteo- malacia and fragilitas ossium, perhaps also osteo-porosis. I cannot describe it better than to say that it is an arrested development of the bony frame, affecting more particularly the large metacarpal and metatarsal bones (which become fragile, but not flexible) ; also the nasal and inferior maxillary bones (which undergo a morbid hypertrophy and process of softening). HISTORY. I have been familar with this disease for some years, it having appeared shortly after the late cycle of wet seasons began. I have only seen it among cattle grazing in 'Tennessee Coul?e' and 'Jack O'Xeil Coul?e, on Beaver Creek, and on that por- tion of the range south of the Porcupine hills, now known as ' Summerview,* The soil in these districts is a light warm sandy loam, which dries out very rapidly. These were always favourite ranges with cattle, and during the dry seasons of the early winters were so heavily overstocked that grass was badly eaten or trodden out. the result being that when the rainy season reappeared there was a rapid and prolific growth of weeds, particularly loco-weed, the latter being, at the present time, quite as abundant as grass. Disease was first noticed among a few Ontario stockers the most prominent symptoms being an unsteady gait, swelling of the nasal bones, and a dirty discharge from the nostrils. Suspecting ' malignant catarrh ' or ' tuberculosis ' I destroyed the animals for post-mortem purpose^, but was surprised to find the internal organs perfectly healthy, although anaemic. Later, in the same season, I saw more advanced cases, and associating the appearance of disease with the sodden state of the range and. prevalence of stagnant lakes, suspected '' strongylus tetracanthus,' but on making post-mortems, and laying open the intestines from end to end I failed to find evidence of the presence of harmful parasites. However, noticing the imperfectly masticated condition of the contents of the rumen, I examined the teeth, and discovered that what, at a distance, I had taken to be an oedematous swelling was really a swelling of the inferior maxillary bones; I examined these and found them so softened as to be but little harder than cartilage, the teeth badly developed and loose. Observing that every affected animal was either a Manitoba or Ontario stocker, I was much perplexed regarding the cause, and the reason for the apparent immunity of native cattle, grazing on the same range, was a question often put to me as a ' poser ' by the cow- boys, when I doubted the correctness of their theory that the disease was due to some inherent defect in the ' makeup ' of ' dogies ' in general. In reply I could only point out that, for some years, dogies had done well, that disease had appeared sub- sequent to the return of the wet seasons, and that, it must be due to some pernicious plant — at that time I did not know the loco plant. As disease appeared to be confined to dogies grazing in the localities mentioned, I made it a practice to have these cattle kept away as much as possible, and, in that way prevented much loss. In regard to range cattle not becoming affected, I would say that, after a long experience and close observation, it is my belief that animals native to certain areas of the range are able to discriminate between noxious and innocuous plants, indigenous to that locality. I think this, rather than immunity to effect, is the true explanation. In support of this theory I shall here mention some cases in point. On the moist west-slope of the Porcupine hills and foot hilLs, water 218 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 hemlock and other toxic plants grow in abundance. Cattle raised there do not suffer much, but when cattle are driven in from outside points they seem to eat anything that is green and succulent, with, in the case of water hemlock, dire results to them- selves. For example, in 1900 or 1901, Mr. Burton, of Willow Creek, located a ranch on the west side of the Porcupine hills, about 12 miles north of the Upper Walrond, and drove his cattle across the hills to his new location. "Within a few weeks Mr. Burton lost many cattle from hemlock poisoning, and to avert heavier loss, was com- pelled to move his cattle back to their old range. Other settlers, owning cattle native to the hills, grazing on the location selected by Mr. Burton, did not suffer loss. Again, about mid-sumer o'f the present year, Mr. F. W. Godsal moved about 160 cows to Mr. Powlett's ranch on Red Deer river. These cattle were shipped from Pincher to Bassano station, I think, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way, unloaded there, driven slowly a few miles north until a side hill was reached on which there was good grass, but, unfortunately, also plenty of water hemlock. There the cattle were allowed to graze for some hours, or until the herders noticed something amiss with some of them, when they were at once rounded up and driven off the hill- side, too late, however, as within two or three days 37 cows died, showing all symptoms of acute poisoning. Mr. Godsal's cattle have for some years past been kept in inclosed pastures in which there is no hemlock, were not familiar with it, and evidently, ate greedily of it. Up till 1901 I did not recognize loco-weed, but about that time I met Mr. Heniy Smith, of High River (who had had considerable experience in Wyoming), at a meet- ing of the executive committee of the Western Stockgrowers Association, held at Macleod, and incidentally discussed the effects of poisonous plants. Mr. Smith, on his return to High River, very kindly sent me some specimens which enabled me to identify the plant growing so abundantly in Tennessee Coulee and on Beaver Creek. SYMPTOMS OF ' DOGIE ' DISEASE. As a rule, the first noticeable symptom is an unthriftiness, the animal begins to lose flesh, the nasal bones are swollen, and there is a discharge from the nose. Later, the under-jaw becomes swollen (generally uniform in both rami), the senses of hearing, sight, taste and smell are impaired. Occasionally the chin becomes so swollen as to cause the lower jaw to become under-shot, the incisor teeth protruding from the mouth, giving an appearance very much like the jaw of a bull dog. In other cases the first symptom may be a rigidity of the spine, the animal walks with a ' stilty ' unsteady gait, does not lie down, but will stand for hours at a time head down, and legs propped apart. I have ridden up within a few feet of an affected animal standing on the range in a semi-comatose condition, and on being startled, and attempting to move quickly the animal has fallen flat on its side, unable to rise until rolled on to its sternum, when it would get up without assistance, but would rise in the same way that a horse does. I have seen such an animal stumble and break a limb below the knee. Animals showing spinal symptoms soon become badly sway-backed, due to softening of the vertebrae, and as a rule, do not live long. CAUSE OF DEATH. Some animals die from paralysis, othe]*s are killed by coyotes, but the majority die a lingering death from starvation. In 1904 I was consulted by Bobbins Bros., of Beaver Creek, regarding an out- break of disease in a bunch of Manitoba dogies purchased by them two years pre- viously. These cattle had been confined to pastures, or close-herded on Beaver Creek since being brought in. I had heard that Bobbins Bros, had suffered considerable loss, but on visiting their ranch I was astonished to find quite 50 per cent of their cattle affected in the same way as the Waldron dogies. In the bunch were a number of advanced cases, so selecting one of the most typical, a 4-years-old heifer, I had it EEALTE OF ANIMALS 219 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a destroyed and made an autopsy in the presence of Mr. A. W. Bobbins and Mr. Jas. Allison. POST-MORTEM APPEARANCE OF ROBBINS' HEIFER. On exposing the bones of the lower jaw these were found to be very much enlarged and softened. They were harder than cartilage, but could be readily sliced with a strong knife. Molar teeth badly developed, and some so loose in the alveoli that they could be removed by a strong pull with the fingers. Incisor teeth irregular, and the alveoli so soft that the teeth could be easily sliced ofi. Superior maxillary bones normal, and teeth firm. Nasal bones swollen and soft- ened. Bones of the skull thickened, but hard. On removing the large metacarpal bone on the left foreleg, it outwardly showed no change, but when broken across, which was easily done by a sharp blow with a hammer, the shaft of the bone was thin, the medulla enlarged, the marrow detached from the walls, gelatinous (having very much the appearance of cooked marrow) and easily shaken from the canal. The left femur was removed, and appeared to be healthy until broken across. There was not much thinning of the walls, but the marrow was abnormal and looked very much like coagu- lated arterial blood. Dr. Hadwen drew my attention to a like condition existing in the femurs of a stallion destroyed at High River, affected with maladie du coit, and which stallion for some time prior to death, exhibited pronounced symptoms of ner- vous affection. The thoracic and abdominal organs were healthy, but very anaemic. The ingesta ^ery imperfectly masticated, largely mixed with seeds, and stems of loco-weed, pieces of wood, feathers, &c. — the presence of foreign bodies is suggestive of depraved appe- tite, but I think the impaired sense of taste and smell is responsible. TREATMENT. Medical treatment is of no avail as long as the animal is permitted access to loco- infested pasture. Easily masticated and nourishing food is the remedy, and drug& are not necessary, although, no doubt, a course of mineral and vegetable tonics would materially hasten recovery. For some years I have advised stockmen, by whom I have been consulted, that hand-feeding was the proper remedy, or failing that, a change of range. If taken in time, i.e., before the jaws and teeth have become so badly affected as to preclude prehension and mastication, or the digestive functions have become too impaired, many animals will recover sufficiently to become fit for beef, although they do not grow. Badly affected cattle should be destroyed rather than left to die from starvation, or left to meet a cruel death from the attacks of coyotes. I have seen an affected animal down on the range, with its tail eaten off, and great holes eaten into its thighs, but still conscious. Almost the first indication of approaching convalescence is a periostitis of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones — nature's effort, I presume to strengthen the already weakened bones. Bobbins Bros., acting on my advice, turned their cattle loose on fresh pasture. In September of this year I inspected a carload of beef cattle at Pincher for shipment to British Columbia, composed principally of survivors from Robbins Bros, bunch. These cattle were fat, but no stockmen could have failed to notice their under-sized stunted appearance, the knotty, thickened cannon bones, and the heavy under jaw. Eobbins Bros, suffered heavy loss and in face of their experi- ence with dogies, have disposed of their ranch on Beaver Creek, and are going out of the cattle business. It was the custom at the Waldrond ranch to put affected cattle in the work hor^e pasture, where they lived principally on the droppings from the horses, and refuse from the stables generally, after a time, becoming fat enough to be fit for beef — this statement may appear somewhat imaginative, but many ex-cowboys of the company- will say that affected animals have been known to follow the horse-herd from camp to 220 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 camp on the round-up, subsisting (and with obvious improvement) on the droppings from the horses, and refuse thrown from the mess tent. It was from noticing this that the above method of handling these cattle occurred to me. I do not think that the Walrond Eanch Company has suffered so very heavily from this disease. If so, it has been within the last two years. That company's loss has been much heavier from hemlock poisoning, on which I am preparing a separate report. I have seen a somewhat similar disease among sheep in Scotland, attributed to absence of certain soil constituents and consequent poor quality of grass. Here, however, I do not think the soil has anything to do with it, except so far as being favourable to the growth of the loco-plant. Were the disease due to poor quality of grass I should expect to find the native cattle affected equally with im- ported. Recently some of the native cattle in these districts have become affected and, I think, this is explained by the fact that month by month the grazing area is becoming more curtailed, while year by year cattle are becoming more domesticated, less able to take care of themselves, and now eat that which their ancestors eschewed. Dr. Burnett, on his recent visit to Beaver Ci-eek and seeing affected cattle for the first time, evidently had his attention attracted by the symptoms in much the same way that these appeared to me in 1899. I look upon this disease as being of purely dietetic origin, endemic to certain dis- tricts, leading to alteration in bone composition, consequent to the effect of loco-weed upon tlje nervous system, the pathological changes varying according to the structure of the bones affected. In my opinion it will prevail until these portions of the range have been given time to become rehabilitated after years of over stocking. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, D. WARNOCK, Inspector. The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. PiNCHER Creek, November 30, 1905. Sir, — I have the honour to herewith submit my report relative to poisoning by water hemlock among cattle grazing in the Porcupine hills. Water hemlock is indigenous to many districts of the range country, but, as I pointed out in my report re loco-weed poisoning, it is especially abundant in the Por- cupine hills, particularly on the west slope. It is deadliest during the early spring months, or at least, that is the season at which cattle suffer most, and is the only time of the year that cattle " native ' to that district seem to eat it. It is most deadly during cold, late springs, when green grass is tardy in appearing, or is of slow growth. In the Porcupine hills sharp frosts prevail until well on in June, thereby retard- ing vegetation, and as a rule, grass is from three weeks to one month later in appear- ing than in the case of the flats east of the hills. Occasionally, but very rarely, grass is earlier in the hills than on the flats, but I have only seen three exceptions during a residence of thirteen years. When grass begins to appear cattle become restless, they roam over the prairie hunting for green grass, and that is the time when they suffer most. They frequent the banks of creeks, the borders of lakes, or the sheltered sides of coulees, and many are found dead from the effects of eating hemlock. HEALTH OF A^UMALS 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a "Wlien plenty of range is available, it was my practice at the Waldrond ranch to have all cattle driven out of the hills as soon as green grass began to appear. They ■were drifted out onto the flats where, as a rule, grass was plentiful long before there was any in the hills. This course made the roundup later in the season, a little more expensive, but saved the loss of many cattle, and was absolutely necessary after a few importations of eastern stockers had been made. Xow that less range is available, and for other reasons, cattle are held in the valley between the Porcupine hills and the Livingstone range of the Rockies all the year round, and, I am informed on good authority that the annual spring loss from hemlock poisoning is extremely heavy. Careful stockmen combat this by hand-feed- ing till late in spring, or by holding their cattle in pastures specially reserved for the purpose, and do not ' turn loose ' until a full bite of grass is procurable. SYMPTOMS. When an animal has eaten water hemlock, symptoms of poisoning, as a rule, do not appear until after rumination has been in progress for some time. Then the animal becomes uneasy, if lying down it gets up, kicks at the abdomen, switches its tail, may walk some distance, lie down and begin ruminating' again. After a short time the symptoms become more violent, the animal rises, appears to suffer severely, very often vomiting and acute diarrhoea set in, the abdomen becomes tympanitic, the animal gallops around blindly delirious, or becomes comatose, and death rapidly ensues, often quite as rapidly as blackleg. REMARKS. I am of the opinion that as long as the plant is contained in the rumen it does not exert its toxic effects, and that it is only after maceration in the rumen and remastication that these effects are manifested. I do not think it is necessary that portions of the plant should pass into the intestines before the animal becomes affected, and I am convinced that I have seen poisoning occur from absorption of the juice of the plant during rumination. In 1900 I saw four imported Shorthorn bulls die in one afternoon from the effects of water hemlock eat-en on the morning of the same day, the bull-herd having been allowed to graze for a few hours on the borders of a lake. On post-mortem I found that no portion of the plant had passed beyond the second stomach, nor were there pronounced intestinal lesions. TREATMENT. This, to be effective, must be prompt, but affected animals are seldom noticed in time for treatment to be of any avail. Medicines per the mouth are in most cases inadmissible, and for this reason treatment by amateurs is seldom successful. If an attempt be made to administer medicine by the mouth the affected animal generally drops as soon as its head is raised above the level, and there is grave danger of chok- ing. Again, if vomiting is present the medicine is ejected almost as soon as given. As a rule, medicines can only be given subcutaneously, intravenously, or introduced directly into the rumen through the abdominal wall. The latter method can be successfully carried out by almost any stockman if he possess a good cattle trocar and canula, and in this way doses of raw linseed oil and soda bicar bonate can safely be given. Also stimulants such as aromatic spirit of ammonia, spirit of turpentine, whiskey, brandy, &c., if the animal is comatose, where there is violent pain or delirium, choloral hydrate, bromide of potassium or tincture of opium are the remedies I have found most useful, but I have used these so as to secure their most rapid effects. Most writers on veterinary medicine recommend large doses of purgative medi- cine in similar cases, but my experience with hemlock poisoning has been that drastic cathartics are a mistake, a * kill or cure ' method, with heavy odds against a cure. It 222 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 is my opinion that by administering powerful cathartics we only succeed in dissemin- ating the poison throughout the entire intestinal tract with fatal result. The patient -will die before the most rapid purgative can eliminate the poison from its system. If the toxic principle could be rendered unabsorbable, then purgatives would be safe. In my absence, I have lost cases forty-eight hours after acute symptoms had sub- sided and the animal appeared to be convalescent. Evidently some of the poison was still retained in the rumen, and the symptoms reapi^eared when the animals com- menced ruminating again. If vomition could be induced in cattle by the administra- tion of emetics so as to completely empty the rumen, that would be the remedy after acute symptoms had passed off. From past experience if I had a valuable animal under treatment, and had been successful in alleviating the acute symptoms, I should not consider the animal safe xmtil rumenotomy had been performed and the rumen emptied, as far as practicable of its deleterious contents. If this is not done the symptoms are almost sure to return. Kumenotomy, carefully performed, gives excellent results in grain engorgement and should be equally successful here. Were I asked by an owner to outline appropriate treatment for a valuable animal Ijnown to have eaten water hemlock my reply would be ' Tie a piece of fork handle in the animal's mouth in the same manner that you would retain the bit in a horse's mouth, to prevent rumination, then procure competent veterinary services at the ear- Jiest possible moment, and have the contents of the " paunch " removed.' I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, D. WARNOCK, Inspector. 'The Veterinary Director General, Ottawa. MALADIE DU COIT. This disease which has long been known in the old world was introduced to this •continent in 1882 by a Percheron stallion imported from France, and used for service in Illinois. Unfortunately the nature of the affection was not discovered until several years had elai)sed, during which period a considerable number of stallions and mares had become infected. Some of these infected animals were removed from the district before quarantine was imposed, with the result that a number of disease centres have been established in various parts of the United States. The large influx of American horses is undoubtedly responsible for the introduction of this loathsome malady to western Canada, where its existence was first reported from the Lethbridge district in March, 1904. Since that time active measures have been adopted for its repression, but owing to the nature of the malady and the loose conditions under which horses are handled in the range country, it is a matter of great difficulty to deal with it effectually. A copy of the regulations now in force is printed herewith, and the hearty co-operation of horse owners in enforcing the same is earnestly solicited. Compensation on a most liberal scale, when the intrinsic value of a diseased animal is considered, is paid for all :animals slaughtered by order of an authorized inspector, except when the owner has been guilty of an infraction of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, or of the regula- tions passed under the authority of the said Act. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Maladie du coit, wherever it exists, paralyses liorse-breeding operations and ruins those engaged in the horse-breeding industry. It is, therefore, the plain duty of all interested in horses or horse-breeding to second in every possible way the efforts of the inspectors of this department to stamp it out wherever found. As its eradication is a matter of public and not private interest, every breeder is urged to report immediately any suspicious case of the existence of which he may become aware, whether among iis own animals or those of others. Maladie du eoi't (Dournie is a malignant, insidious, incurable disease peculiar to the horse, supposed to be due to the entrance into the system of a micro-organism, known as the Trypanosoma Equiperdum. This disease, as its name implies, is essentially one of coition, being transmitted •during the act of service, from stallion to mare, and vice versa. Some authorities report, however, that they have succeeded in inducing it, by experimental inoculation, in the horse and in several other animals of different species. The symptoms, as in other contagious diseases, differ considerably according to the susceptibility of the animal, the nature of its surroundings, and the vitality of the* virus. Some cases, therefore, are acute, the various stages of the disease following each other rapidly, and these generally reach a fatal termination within a very short time. Unfortunately, however, this is rarely the case, the disease generally following a chronic, insidious and semi-latent course, making it, in view of the constant danger of infection, a most serious menace to the horse-breeding industry. In reading the following description of the symptoms as presented in the three stages of the malady, it will be well to bear in mind the great liability to variation, such as the appearance of characteristic symptoms in one animal, and their total, or partial, absence in another. The stages are not ushered in uniformly, neither are they of regular duration, as in many cases almost all evidence of disease will occasionally ■disappear for a time, only to recur later and with renewed virulence. The duration of the disease varies, and may extend from a month to several years, the average time, however, being about eighteen months. After copulation with an infected animal, the germ, having been transmitted during this act, commences to multiply rapidly or tardily, according to its vitality, the susceptibility of the infected individual and the favourable or unfavourable condition of its surroundings in the generative organs. This constitutes the incubative period, which may last from one to two weeks or much longer. The primary stage is ushered in after the germs have developed sufficient activity to produce irritation in the adjacent tissues, whether observable or not. In the stallion the mucous membrane of the urethral canal (passage through which urine is voided) exhibits the first sign of irritation; its external opening at the end of the penis (Meatus Urinarius) assumes a bright red colour, accompanied by swelling, which may cause it to bulge out prominently, followed by a discharge, at first almost imperceptible, but increasing in quantity as the disease progresses. The above mentioned symptoms are often very meagre, and frequently overlooked, especially so with the imsuspicious. During this period, however, the stallion is a positive infective agent, his desire for serving mares being greatly increased and his ability to perform this function not seriously impaired. The possibility of widespread infection, if such a case is not detected and im- mediately placed under restraint, can be readily appreciated. ' As the disease advances the irritation of the generative organs increase, frequent erections of the penis follow, this organ often attaining unusual proportions, and occasionally swelling to such an extent as to prevent its complete return to the sheath. Urination is performed often and incompletely, the urine being mixed with a mucous ■discharge varying in quantity, and the act is often accompanied by switching of the tail or stamping of the feet, due to the irritable condition of the parts. 224 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Red spots may appear on the penis and adjacent parts; these may disappear rapidly with a tendency to return, or they may increase in virulence, forming dis- charging sores. White spots, due to loss of pigment (colouring matter of the skin), may indicate previous eruj)tions on the penis, sheath and surrounding tissues. This condition is often well marked, in some cases the spots forming large patches, which may involve the major portion of the penis, changing it to a dirty yellowish white, rough and un- healthy looking organ, while in others, they are only slightly perceptible or altogether absent. A gradual swelling of the sheath becomes noticeable, and is frequently the first symptom observed; this swelling often involves the scrotum and testicles, and may extend to the abdomen and limbs. The character of the swelling is generally cold, doughy and passive, and it may obstinately persist, disappear rapidly, remain absent, or return frequently. Occasionally it is hot, tender and painful and shows a tendency to the formation of vesicles and erosions of the tissues, accompanied by a purulent discharge. The penis, in many cases, becomes protruded from the sheath continually, the animal being unable to retract it, owing to the loss of such power, or to the excessive amount of swelling present. The appetite still remains unimpaired, and no serious constitutional disturbances are yet observable. In the mare the symptoms are somewhat similar, differing only in accordance with the anatomical and physiological structures of the generative organs. The same vari- able incubative period follows infection as in the male. The preliminary symptoms are also of a very imperfect type, and difficult to detect, unless suspicions have been pre- viously aroused. They are most frequently insidious, and consequently very dangerous, necessitating, as in the stallion, every precaution, where the slightest cause for sus- picion exists. On close observation, however, a discharge may be notictd from the vulva (external opening) ; the mucous membrane lining it and the vagina (canal from external opening to the womb) gradually assume a discoloured, thickened and rough appearance, giving evidence of increasing irritation and the consequent inflammatory results. Red spots may make their appearance on the vaginal membrane, and when present, are especially noticeable in the region, of the already thickened and erect clitoris (the part commonly exposed by mares in season), a condition of this organ which to a greater or less ex- tent, is persistently present throughout the course of the disease. An abnormal sexual desire is intermittently present, the mare, at intervals, con- tinually exposing the clitoris. Urine, mixed with mucous, is frequently voided in jets. This causes increased irritation, followed by stretching, stamping the feet, and switch- ing the tail. An extremely irritable condition has been observed accompanying these symptoms, the animal rubbing itself violently against any object. The discharge from the vulva becomes sticky and irritating, adhering to adjacent parts and scalding the contact tissues. The discharge may increase or decrease in quantity, and become more purulent as the disease advances. Local swellings appear, as. in the stallion, at any stage of the disease, and may also, in the mare, be the first noticeable symptom ; these frequently affecting one side of the vulva and may extend l-j the other, or spreading rapidly, involve the mammary glands, abdomen and limbs, or they may confine themselves persistenH'y to more limited areas, often giving the vulva a puckered and deformed appearence. As in the stallion, these swellings may persist, disappear suddenly, remain absent, or recur frequently. They are generally of a doughy consistency, cold and painless, but occasionally, appear in an acute form, with heat and pain present, accompanied by a tendency to the formation of vesicles, followed by erosion and discharge. As the disease advances, the lining membranes of the vulva and vagina assume a yellowish colour, the clitoris distinctly presenting a white or yellowish, and slightly corrugated appearance. White spots appear in the locations of previous vesicles, which vary considerably from small indefinite ones to most decided and marked patches. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 2 2 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Constitutional symptoms may not appear for weeks, and often months, and in some cases not until the local symptoms have been absent for some time, the animal still maintaining a good appetite. THE SECONDARY STAGE is the result of the migration of the micro- organisms with their accompaning toxins, into the general system, which may occur from one to three months after infection, but differs largely in individuals. The- disease now commences to mark its progress in no uncertain manner, and it is at this stage that the inexperienced realize that there 's something seriously wrong. One or more, or all symptoms become aggravated, constitutional symptoms supervene, the condition of the skin and hair becomes dry and harsh, the rounded form disappears and the outlines of the ribs, haunches and spine gradually gain prominence, the eye takes on a dull, expressionless stare, the ears lop over, the lips often hang i^endulous, the eyelids droop, owing to jjartial paralysis of the nerves supplying the parts, and .1 general marked unthrifty appearance presents itself. In the stallion the appetite may be capricious, but is rarely impaired ; langour and dullness replace his former vigour, occasional trembling may be noticed over the sur- face of the body, especially so when other horses are approaching. Although stupid, and apparently not interested in his surroundings, he frequently neighs persistently. The swellings, when present, become hard and chronic, the testicles either enlarged (this condition being due to the thickening of the membranes enveloping the organs, and not the testicular substance proper) oi* atrophied, either hsrnging abnormally pendulous or lying close up to the abdomen. The infection may now show its presence along the course of the lymphatics, by the formation of ulcers in the various glands, which may discharge a purulent fluid, or, on the other hand, a marked swelling and thickening of the glands may exist in- cluding the sub-maxillary under the lower jaw. Rather peculiar, the characteristic elevations make their appearance at irregular intervals during this stage of the disease, and have been called, very appropriately^, ' plaques.' They vary largely in dimensions and may appear rapidly, disappear as quickly, show a tendency to persist, remain absent, or break out in other localities. They are in the majority of cases, neither hot nor painful, biit occasionally may as- sume an irritable aspect. Placques may appear singly, or in groups, and are seen most frequently in the region of the croup, abdomen, chest, shoulders and neck, and are better described as flat elevations, raising up the skin, with defined edges, in some cases- quite prominent, in others only perceptible by taking a position alongside, in front of, or behind the nnimal, and viewing the outline of the body. Marked alterations in the animal's gait soon become apparent, when standing he maintains his position imperfectly, moves his weight from one limb to another, keeping one limb in a semi-flexed position, and often raising it from the ground. When walking, knuckling over, or the dragging of a hind limb are often distinctly noticeable. Upon trotting, a stilty, jerky and swaying motion is quite apparent, the animal often falling down imexpectedly, showing a general in- ability to control his movements. He now prefers a lying posture, and when rising, manifests difficulty, and exhibits evidence of pain in doing so. The stallion is unable to cover, the erections of the penis being feeble and incom- plete, and his inability to handle himself well marked. In the mare, the same constitutional symptoms prominently develop. The local swellings also assume a hard and chronic form, giving the vulva a distorted appear- ance. They may also occur on each side of, or below the vulva, which at this stage, cften remains partially open at its lower extremity, due to the chronic thickening of the clitoris. The mucous membrane of the vagina presents a dirty yellowish, rough appearance, the discharge when present, acquiring a more purulent nature, and irrita- ting the adjacent parts. Placques may make their appearance in the same manner as in the stallion, and in the same irregular way. 15a— 15 226 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The infection of the lympathic system also shows the same inclination as in the male, causing enlarged glands, or suppurating sores. Marked depression and stupidity intervene, with the same inability to control movements, the lying posture being favoured. THE TERTIAEY STAGE in both sexes is marked by extreme depletion of the system, the progression of the disease having produced secondary lesions of a grave liature in the more important organs of the body. The senses become more and more blunted, the discharge from ulcei*s and generative organs may be profuse, in some cases there is a catarrhal discharge from the nostrils, sometimes accompanied •by an inflammatory condition of the eyes. The patient, at this stage has difficulty in maintaining a standing posture, gen- erally requiring support. When moving, it sways from side to side and stubs the toes. The knees and pasterns finally give way, the animal falls and is unable to rise again. General paralysis, pneumonia, or other results of septic infection intervene, and hasten the end. Cases have been known in which animals have reached the tertiary stage and have then made an apparent recovery. In all such cases, however, the disease has again manifested itself in a most severe form, ending in the death of the affected animal. An apparent recovery, therefore, should be looked upon with grave suspicion. CONGENITAL EXANTHEMA. Maladie du Coit is frequently confounded with another, much more common, but, fortunately, far less dangerous venereal disease of horses known as Coital or Con- genital Exanthema. This affection, which is not at all uncommon in Canada, gener- ally makes its appearance during the breeding season, attention being directed to it by the fact of various mares served by the same horse becoming affected at once. Such mares show the presence of vaginal irritation by frequent attempts to urinate and by switching the tail. Examination shows the vagina inflamed and studded with small vesicles which break leaving ulcers which, however, heal readily leaving temporary scars. These vesicles also appear frequently on the external surface of the vulva leaving in this situation small white spots about the size of grains of shot, which gradually become recovered with pigment. There is, during the acute stage, more or less muco-purulent discharge from the vagina, which, however, soon ceases as the irritation disappears. The disease is not of a malignant nature, althojigh it is undoubtedly contagious. It yields readily to simple treatment and, except when com- plicated by co-existent strangles or other disease, generally runs its course in from two to four weeks. In the stallion the vesicles appear on the penis and sheath and present character- istics similar to those described as occurring in the mare. Sometimes, when the horse is kept at service by an ignorant or unscrupulous groom, the ulcers become greatly irritated, with the result that prolonged rest and careful treatment are necessitated in order to restore the parts to a normal condition. Coital Exanthema is not a serious disease, its principal ill effect being the loss due 1c the non-impregnation of breeding mares at the proper season. While no great alarm need, therefore, be felt on discovering its presence, it is strongly recommended, in view of the existence in Canada of the greatly more serious Maladie du Coit, that owners of mares or stallions showing any abnormal condition of the generative organs should immediately subject them to a careful examination at the hands of a qualified veterinary practitioner. After such examination if any doubt remains as to the nature of the disease the matter should be at once reported to this department and to the nearest veterinary inspector. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 227 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a DOMINION OF CANADA. Regulatioks Eelating to Maladie du Coit. Authorized by Order in Council dated the 22nd day of July, 1905, in virtue of ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903.' 1. No animal which is affected, or suspected of being affected, with Maladie dii Coit shall be permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not so affected, and no such animal shall, in any ease, be used for breeding purposes. 2. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the mean- ing of * The Animal Contagious Disease Act, 1903,' any common, field, stable or other place or premises where animals are found which are affected or suspected of being affected with Maladie du Coit. 3. No animal shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed by an inspector. 4. The Veterinary Director General may, from time to time, order the slaughter castration, or other disposition of animals affected with Maladie du Coit. 6. Every veterinary inspector shall have full power to order animals affected, or suspected of being affected with Maladie du Coit to be collected for inspection, and uhen necessary, to be detained and isolated or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the instructions of the Veterinary Director General, and no indemnity shall be allowed to the owner in case of damage arising out of or resulting from such actions, except as hereinafter provided. 6. The expenses of and incidental to the collection, isolation, seizure, castration or otherwise dealing with horses for the purposes of these regulations shall be borne by the owners of the animals. 7. No entire horse or ridgling more than one year old shall be permitted to run at large on unfenced lands in the province of Alberta or in that portion of the province of Saskatchewan lying west of the third principal meridian. 8. Any entire horse or ridgling more than one year old found running at large within the area defined above may be seized and held on the order of any duly author- ized veterinary inspector of the Department of Agriculture, who shall forthwith when- ever possible notify the o'UTier of the said horse of such seizure, and the said horse, if not claimed within thirty days of such seizure, may be castrated, and no indemnity shall be allowed to the owner in case of damages arising out of or resulting frora said castration, seizure, or detention. 9. Animals affected with Maladie du Coit may, on an order signed by a duly appointed veterinary inspector acting under special instructions from the Veterinary Director General, be forthwith slaughtered, and the carcasses dispose.,■.„-,.;■ Adjoining field on which Sheep weke kept, showini; effect un weed. i * 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A 1906 INDEX. Report of the Veterinary Director General : — Page. Actinomycosis 54 Anthrax 53 Anthrax statistics 54 Biological laboratory 56 Blacklegine, amount sold 56 Black quarter .- 54 Export inspections 58 Glanders 17 Glanders, Great Britain 18 " regulations relating to 19 " statistics 24 " warning 23 Hog cholera. . 7 Hog cholera, compensation paid, 1901-06 11 " regulations relating to 13 " statistics 12 Identity of Dourine 47 Import inspections 61 Importations from Great Britain 60 " Europe 61 " Mexico 62 " United States 61 Inspection of cars 65 Inspections, export '58 " import 60 Inspection of meat 66 Interview with the Ontario University Committee 67 Interview with the Hon. Nelson Monteith 67 Mange, extract from report of Western Stock Growers' Association 36 in cattle 35 in horses 48 regulations relating to 37 dipping 40 dip 37 cattle statistics 41 horse statistics 49 Maladie du coi't ,,. 42 Maladie du coit, regulations relating to 46 " " statistics 45 Meat inspection 66 Ministerial order re movement of hogs from quarantined area 8 " " inspection of transit hogs 9 " " sheep scab 51 " " inspection export sheep 52 Miscellaneous 66 15a— 16 230 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Report of the Veterinary Director General — Continued. » Page. Pictou cattle disease 31 Pictou cattle disease, statistics 35 Quarantine stations 63 Rabies 55 Rabies, regulations relating to 56 Regulations relating to glanders 19 " " hog cholera 13 " " maladie du coi't 46 " " mange 37 " " movement of hogs in quarantined area 7 " " rabies 56 " " sheep scab 50 " " transportation of animals between Canada and the " " United States 9 Sheep scab 49 Sheep scab, ministerial order 51 " regulations relating to 50 " statistics 53 Statistics, anthrax 54 Statistics of Canadian live stock 3 " glanders. Dominion 24, 28 " " Ontario 26, 29 " " Quebec 25, 28 " " Manitoba 26, 29 " " Northwest 27, 30 British Columbia 27, 31 " " Yukon 28,31 " " hog cholera 12 " " maladie du coit 45 " " mange in cattle 41 " " mange in horses 49 " " Pictou cattle disease 35 " " sheep scab 63 " " tuberculosis 16 Tuberculosis 13 Tuberculosis, statistics 16 Tuberculin 14 Tuberculin, quantity issued 14 Table showing animals inspected for export 59 " export animals rejected at ports 60 Report by G. H. Acres, V.S., Dawson, Y.T 164 Asst. Commissioner R.N.W.M.P., Dawson, Y.T 162 H. T. Ayre, V.S., Regina, Sask 143 Professor M. C. Baker, D.V.S., Montreal, Que 80,171 G. H. Belaire, V.S., Pembroke, Ont 118, 190 W. S. Bell, V.S., Cranbrook, B.C 157, 212 J. W. Bland, V.S., Vancouver, B.C 158, 211 Arthur Brown, V.S., Sarnia, Ont 115, 185 J. F. Burnett, V.S., Regina, Sask 134, 197 Commissioner of R.N.W.M. Police, Regina, Sask 130,195 D. Coristine, V.S., Osoyoos, B.C 213 J. A. Couture, D.V.S., Quebec, P.Q 88, 174 lyOHX 231 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Page. Eeport by V. T. Daubigny, M.V., Terrebonne, P.Q 102, lYS A. E. Dennis, V.S., Willow Creek, Sask 140, 203 A. E. Douglas, V.S., Macleod, Alta 144, 201 J. D. Duchene, D.V.S.. Quebec, P.Q 105, 180 Thos. K. Duchene, Y. S., Chicoutimi, P.Q 104,180 A. A. Etienne, M.V., Montreal, P.Q 104, 179 J. W. Frank, V.S., Grand Forks, B.C 160, 214 Jas. H. Frink, V.S., St. John, X.i^ 83,172 J. M. Fawcett, V.S., Palmerston, Ont 120 M. V. Gallivan, V.S., Lethbridge, Alta 150,205 J. H. George, V.S., Ingersoll, Ont 191,216 J. Gibbins, M.R.C.V.S., Vancouver. B.C 162,215 F. M. Gray, M.D.V., Regina, Sask 140, 204 E. S. Greenwood, V.S.. Pendant d'Oreille, Alta 149, 203 J. O. Guy, M.V., St. Johns, P.Q 106, 181 Seymour Hadwen, D.V.S., Lethbridge, Alta 154,210 J. C. Hargrave, D.V.S., Medicine Hat, Alta 151, 208 D. Henderson, V.S., Glencoe, Ont 119, 189 E. W. Henry, V.S., Eredericton, X.B 177 C. H. Higgins, B.S., D.V.S., Ottawa, Ont 68, 166 G. W. Higginson, V.S., Eockland, Ont 112, 184 George Hilton, V.S., Ottawa, Ont 68. 166 J. B. Hollingsworth, D.V.S., Ottawa, Ont 119, 190 A. E. James, V.S., Ottawa, Ont 119 Wm. Jakeman, V.S., Halifax, N.S 85. 173 G. W. Jemison, V.S., Prescott, Ont 155 G. S. Jermyn, V.S., Osoyoos, B.C 161. 215 H. J. Johnston, V.S., Coutts, Alta 148, 205 E. A. Jones, V.S., Windsor, Ont 116, 186 B. B. Killam, D.V.S., Yarmouth, N.S 177 Jos. Kime, jr., V.S., Chatham, Ont ". 117, 188 Wm. Lawson, V.S., Dundas, Ont 187 A. A. Leckie, M.R.C.V.S., Charlottetown, P.E.I 86, 174 W. Leslie, V.S., Melita, Man 128, 194 Chas. Little, V.S., Winnipeg, Man 126, 193 W. Little, V.S., Killarney, Man 128, 194 : . J. E. Littlehales, V.S., Maple Creek, Sask 142, 202 H. J. Lundy, V.S., Emo, Ont , 121, 192 F. S. Macdonald, V.S., Souris, P.E.I ' 100, 176 D. McAlpine, V.S., Brockville, Ont 120, 189 A. McCormick, V.S., Ormstown, Que 106, 181 J. A. McCreight, V.S., Macleod, Alta 146 W. C. McGuire, D.V.S.. Cornwall, Ont 120, 190 C. McEachran, D.V.S., Montreal, Que 81, 171 • C. D. McGilvray, D.V.S., Winnipeg, Man 121, 192 D. McKercher, V.S., Peterborough, Ont 191 A. McMillan, V.S., Brandon, Man 130 C. H. McVeigh, V.S., Calgary, Alta 146,206 J. P. Molloy, M.D.V., Morris, Man 127, 193 A. E. Moore, D.V.S., Ottawa, Ont 77, 169 J. J. Mountford, V.S., Prince Albert, Sask 138,200 W. Mitchell, V.S., North Portal, Sask 139, 199 E. A. Meakings, M.D.V., Battleford, Sask 140, 201 232 DEPARTMElsT OF AGRICULTURE 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Page. Report by R. M. Nyblett, V.S., Wliite Horse, Yukon 164 E. C. Oliver, V.S., Nelson, B.C 160 N. P. Olsen, V.S., Wood Mountain, Sask 147, 206 G. W. Orchard, V.S., Ottawa, Ont 113, 185 M. B. Perdue, V.S., Chatham, Ont Ill, 184 W. H. Pethick, V.S., Antigonish, X.S 90, 175 M. Philps, Bridgeburg, Ont 115, 187 G. C. Pinliorn, V.S., Regina, Sask 207 C. R. Richards, V.S., Victoria, B.C 162,215 P. A. Robinson, V.S., Emerson, Man ■ 127, 194 E. S. Rogers, V.S., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 191 W. B. Rowe, V.S., Blenheim, Ont 117, 188 R. D. Scurfield, M.D.V.. Crystal City, Man 127 W. A. Shoults, V.S., Gladstone, Man 129 Prof. A. Smith, F.R.C.V.S., V.S.. Toronto, Ont 107,181 J. A. Stevenson, V.S., Carman, Man 129, 195 W. W. Stork, V.S., Brampton, Ont 109, 183 Wm. Stubbs, V.S., Caledon, Ont 107, 182 B. A. Sugden, D.V.S., Montreal, Que 82, 172 C. H. Sweetapple, V.S., Fort Saskatchewan, Alta 137,199 D. S. Tamblyn, D.V.S., Midway, B.C 158,212 J. H. Tennant, V.S., London, Ont 108, 182 J. R. Thorne, V.S., Wallaceburg. Ont 117, 188 E. C. Thurston, D.V.S., Sydney, X.S 177 S. F. Tolmie, V.S., Victoria, B.C 156 F. Torrance, B.A., D.V.S., Winnipeg, Man 125 G. Townsend, V.S., New Glasgow, N.S 100, 176 P. K. Walters, V.S., Calgary, Alta 210 D. Warnock, M.R.C.V.S., Pincher Creek, Alta 153,209 T. E. Watson, V.S., Niagara Falls South, Ont 121, 189 S. A. K. White, V.S., Cardston, Alta 149,201 J. D. Whyte, D.V.S., Sherbrooke, Que 102, 178 Hemlock Poisoning, by D. Warnock, M.R.C.V.S 220 Osteo Malacia, by D. Warnock, M.R.C.V.S 217 Maladie du coi't, by J. G. Rutherford, Veterinary Director General 222 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 APPENDIX TO THE REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS REPORTS OP THR DIRECTOR ___---_ Wir. SAUNDERS, C.M.G., LL.D. AGRICULTURIST ------ J. H. GRISDALE, B. Agr. HORTICULTURIST - - - - - - W. T. MACOUN CHEMIST ------- F. T. SHUTT, M.A. ENTOMOLOGIST and BOTANIST - - - - JAS. FLETCHER, LL.D. CEREALIST ------- Q. E. SAUNDERS, Ph.D. POULTRY MANAGER - - - - - - A. G. GILBERT SUPT. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, Nappan, N.S. - R. ROBERTSON HORTICULTURIST ,. „ „ _ - w. S. BLAIR SUPT. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, Brandon, Man. - S. A. BEDFORD n n !• Indian Head, Sask. - ANGUS MACKAY • H 11 Agassiz, B.C. - THOS. A. SHARPE FOR 1905 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1906 [No. 16—1906.] I I 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1« A. 1906 APPEI^DIX TO THE REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE 02T EXPERIMENTAL EARMS Ottawa, December 1, 1905. Sir, — I beg to submit for your approval the nineteenth annual report of the work done, and in progress, at the several experimental farms. In addition to my report, you will find appended reports from the following ofiicers of the Central Experimental Farm: — From the Agriculturist, Mr. J. H. Grisdale; from the Horticulturist, Mr. W. T. Macoun; from the Chemist, Mr. Frank T. Shutt; from the Entomologist and Botanist, Dr. James Fletcher; from the Cerealist, Dr. C. E. Saunders, and from the Poultry Manager, Mr. A. G. Gilbert. From the Branch Experimental Farms there are reports from Mr. R. Robertson, Superintendent, and from Mr. W. S. Blair, Horticulturist of the Experimental Fai-m for the Maritime. Provinces, at ISTappan, Nova Scotia; from Mr. S. A. Bedford, Super- intendent of the Experimental Farm for Manitoba at Brandon; from Mr. Angus Mackay, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for the North-west Territories, at Indian Head, and from Mr. Thomas A. Sharpe, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for British Columbia, at Agassiz. In these reports there will be found the results of many important and carefully conducted experiments in agriculture, horticulture and arboriculture, the outcome of practical and scientific work in the fields, barns, dairy and ix)ultry buildings, orchards and plantations at the several experimental farms ; also of scientific research in con- nection with the breeding of cereals and in determining their relative value; also of research work in the chemical laboratories bearing on many branches of agricultural and horticultural employment and of information gained from the careful study of the life histories and habits of injurious insects and the methods by which noxious weeds are propagated and spread, together with the most practical and economical 1&— IJ 4 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 measures for their destruction. In the report of the Entomologist and Botanist will also be found particulars of the experiments and observations which have been made during the past year in connection with the Apiary. The large and constantly increasing demand by the farmers of the Dominion for the publications issued from the experimental farms, the rapidly extending corres- pondence and the readiness shown by farmers everywhere to co-operate with the work of the farms in the testing of new and promising varieties of cereals furnish gratifj'- ing evidence of the desire for information and improvement among this class of the community, also of the high esteem in which the work of the farms is held. It is hoped that the facts brought together in the present issue will be found of much prac- tical value to the Canadian farmer and fruit-grower, and that they may assist in ad- vancing agriculture and horticulture in this country. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, WM. SAUNDERS, Director of Experimental Farms. To the Honourable, The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR (WM. SAUNDERS, C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S.) 1905 Canadian farmers have been blessed wath. another bountiful harvest, and the crops gathered have been very satisfactory over almost the whole of the settled parts of the Dominion. On the Pacific coast the hay crop, which is one of great importance in the coast climate of British Columbia, has been unusually large, and has been saved in good condition. Oats, probably the next largest crop in that province, have given a heavy yield of excellent grain. Barley, pease, Indian com, and field roots have all done well. Wheat, which, however, occupies but a small area there has given a crop below the average, owing to the prevalence of the wheat midge Diplosis tritici. The fruit crop, which is fast becoming an important one in that province, has on the whole been satisfactory. Apples, pears and plums have produced in most localities a medium crop, and in some districts the yield has been a heavy one. Small fruits of all sorts have done well. The production of butter, also of poultry and eggs is increasing, and hop growing is being extended with profitable results. In Alberta there is a large and rapidly increasing area devoted to spring wheat and oats. The cultivation of winter wheat is also being greatly extended, while barley and other useful crops occupy smaller areas. All these have given very satisfactory returns during the season of 19Q5. The beet sugar factory at Raymond, in Southern Alberta, has had a good season, and a large quantity of sugar beets of excellent quality has been worked. The dairy interests in Northern Alberta are also advancing, and a large quantity of butter has been exported during the past year. New settlers are flocking in to all those parts which are being oi)ened up by railways, and this accession of population will soon result in a very large increase in the area of land under cultivation. The crops in Saskatchewan have never been better. Many new districts have been opened up, and large crops of wheat grown in localities where a few years ago the land was passed over by settlers as unpromising for wheat growing. Throughout these western provinces grain this year of all sorts was excellent in yield and quality, and was practically all cut before frost occurred. In Manitoba also a large harvest has been gathered of grain of high quality, which has given an enduring stimulus to business of all sorts, and placed farmers generally in a comfortable position. The larger part of the wheat harvested has graded No. 1 Northern, while oats and barley have given crops of unusual weight and quality. The stock and dairy interests are also making satisfactory progress. 6 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 In Ontario tlie liay has been an unusually heavy crop, well above the average. The same may be said of fall and spring wheat, oats and barley, all of which are now important crops in this province. Field roots and Indian corn have given about an average return. Pastures have made fair to good growth during the summer and fall, and all classes of live stock are in good condition. Apples have been a medium crop and have conunanded good prices, while pears, plums, peaches and grapes have yielded well. In the western counties of Quebec, where the rainfall has been sufficient, hay has yielded abundantly, and owing to the rich pasturage the dairy industry has flourished, and field crops of all sorts have given satisfactory returns. The eastern counties have suffered somewhat from drought, and there the crops have been lighter and the dairy output has been lessened owing to inferior pastures. In the Maritime Provinces the hay crop as a whole is said to have been above the average, while oats have given a fair average return; wheat and barley also have done well. The early part of the season was cold and wet, and seeding was delayed. Later the weather was very favourable and crops matured rapidly. In September dry weather set in, which prevented the usual growth in field roots and the drought brought many CTops which promised to be heavy down to an average or less than an average yield. In the fruit producing districts the apple crop was a very fair one, the fruit was large and of excellent quality and has realized good prices. Upon the progress of farming in all sections of Canada the experimental farms continue to exercise a weighty influence. The results of nineteen years of ceaseless inquiry into the needs of farmers in all parts of the country has resulted in the ac- cumulation of volumes of information and experience which are placed within reach of aU who need them. Instruction and information have been given out on every hand covering every branch of agriculture and horticulture. Reports and bulletins have been sent in thousands and tens of thousands, in response to inquiries from earnest seekers after information from all parts of the country. The knowledge ac- quired by long experience, close observation and careful study has been spread over the whole Dominion, and none need dwell in ignorance as to the best methods to adopt to Tender their work successful. Correspondence with farmers has been encouraged and many thousands of letters have been written by the officers of the farms in response to inquiries on special subjects. Many meetings of farmers held in the different pro- vinces of the Dominion have been attended by farm officers, and opportunities afforded of bringing under the direct notice of many farmers some of the more important aspects of the work carried on at the several experimental farms. Thus, Canadian farmers are growing in intelligence and becoming more resource- ful and successful in their work, while the stranger coming among us is helped in many directions with information as to the best way of overcoming difficulties and of directing his energies along profitable lines. THE GROWING OP WINTER WHEAT IN ALBERTA. The recent remarkable increase in the quantity of winter wheat grown in the province of Alberta is a subject of much interest and is claiming the attention of grain growers and millers in all parts of the western country. In the Annual Report of the Experimental Farms for 1901, when giving an account of a vi-sit paid during August of that year to the district lying between Cardston and Pincher in Southern Alberta, I said, ' Notwithstanding its high elevation of SfiOO to 3,500 feet the climate is such that winter wheat is grown in many localities quite successfully. This now forms an important crop both at Cardston and Pincher, many of the farmers reaping from 30 to 40 bushels per acre. The variety chiefly grown at Cardston is a beardless red-chaff wheat known as Odessa, that most grown at Pincher is a bearded wheat the name of which has been lost.' REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 At that time no very large area was occupied by this crop, and with many farmers spring wheat was preferred and the cultivation of wintee Evans, 3 miles east of Macleod, had 140 acres under winter wheat, mostly Turkey Bed, with some Golden Chaff, which was cut during the first week in August, and was exi)ected to give 25 bushels to the acre. Mr. Peter Eohlig, Macleod, had 6 acres of winter wheat, Turkey Bed, said to have yielded him 56 bushels per acre. Mr. J. Bobert, Macleod, is said to have threshed 500 bushels of good winter wheat, from 10 acres. Mr. Hayter, of this district, had 200 acres of winter wheat, which is said to have given him an average of 33 bushels per acre. Mr. Peter Boberts, 9 miles south of Macleod, had six acres of Turkey Bed, which gave him 300 bushels of fine wheat. LETHBRIDGE TO CARDSTON. From Macleod we went to Lethbridge and visited some farms in that neighbour- hood. Bichard G. Watkin had 40 acres of spring wheat, Bed Fife, which was just about ready for cutting and looked very promising, this would probably give him from 30 to 35 bushels per acre. Seven miles from Lethbridge Mr. C. Magrath had 100 acres of Turkey Bed. This was sown in August, 1904, and at the time of our visit had been threshed and sold. The yield was 17 bushels per acre. A sample of this wheat was procured, it was very fine and plump and weighed 64 pounds per bushel. This field was on high land, and in this locality the weather was unusually dry and the crop had suffered from drought, which had reduced the yield. Nine miles from Lethbridge, also on high land, was a very large field said to con- tain two thousand acres, which seemed to be well prepared. This belonged to Silver and Carman, and at that time was nearly all sown, one seeder only was working at one end of the field to finish it. The ploughing in this case was done in the ordinary way. Nearly adjoining this was another large field said to contain 500 acres also pre- pared for winter wheat. This had been broken by a steam plough and seemed to be worked up very evenly. In travelling over the country from Lethbridge to Cardston by rail many fields of winter wheat were seen, but there was not much opportunity of visiting individual farms. Mr. T. J. Smellie, of Baymond, came from Idaho one and a half years ago. He had this year 1,300 acres of winter wheat, all Turkey Bed, which averaged about 15 bushels per acre. He had expected a larger yield but the very dry weather which preceded harvest there had cut the crop short. He expected to finish seeding 1,000 acres during September. Mr. Smellie grows principally winter wheat, and inclines to tlie opinion that the Odessa is more profitable than the Turkey Bed. Mr. W. L. Thompson had about 1,700 acres in the Spring Coiilee district, chipfly Turkey Bed, with some Odessa. Mr. Thompson's wheat was cut and threshed and is said to have averaged from 15 to 20 bushels per acre. We were informed that there 10 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 were in all about 20,000 acres of wheat in this district, chiefly winter sorts. One elevator was built at Spring Coulee, and a second one nearly built which would be ready in time to receive the crop. Seven elevators in all have been built along this line. ABOUT PINCnER AND COWLEY. The next part visited was the district about Pincher and Cowley along the line of the Canadian Pacific Eailway towards the Crow's Nest Pass. At Pincher we saw the wheat fields of Mr. Wm. R. Dobble. He has 1,170 acres of winter wheat, about 550 of Turkey Red, 20O of Odessa, and the remainder mixed bald and bearded wheats. One field of Turkey Red examined we estimated at 30 to 35 bushels per acre. One part of his crop which had been sown late was lighter and would not probably give more than 15 to 20 bushels per acre. Mr. G. W. Buchanan, of Pincher, had 300 acres of winter wheat, and many other farmers in the district from 50 to 100 acres or more. Most of the land in this part of the country has been fenced in, and nearly all the homesteads have been taken within reasonable distance of railways, and much additional land held for sale has been pur- chased by incoming settlers. In driving about this neighbourhood, and from Pincher to Cowley, large quantities of winter wheat were seen in stook covering many hundreds of acres, also many fields of recently sown grain. At Cowley Mr. Bryce Miller had 110 acres Odessa and Turkey Red. His wheat was cut on August 15. Mr. J. E. Davison had 50 acres of winter wheat near the station, and many other fields large and small could be seen in the distance. BEST TIME FOR SOWING, &C. Much difference of opinion was expressed by the farmers we visited as to the best time to sow winter wheat in Southern Alberta, but judging from the results seen it would appear safer as a rule to sow on well prepared land from the last week in August to the middle of September. We did not hear of any injurious insects affecting the winter wheat crop, but there was a good deal of smut in the grain in some localities. Where this occurs the grain is considerably lessened in value, and as this disease is so easily prevented by treating the seed with copper sulphate, bluestone, (one pound dissolved in three gallons of water and sprinkled on 10 bushels of grain a few hours before sowing) no farmer should neglect to take this precaution. With regard to the time of ripening, the winter wheat in Southern Alberta ma- tures on an average about ten days earlier than the spring varieties. Most of the wheat thus far referred to was grown on land which five years ago was considered fit only for grazing and with one or two slight exceptions was all grown without irrigation. MSIT TO NORTHERN ALBERTA. In pursuance of this investigation we visited also the northern part of the pro- vince from Calgary to Edmonton and found more or less winter wheat being grown at many different points, although the total area under this crop in Northern All:)erta is as yet relatively small. In the suburbs of Calgary Mr. Wm. Pearce had a few acres of winter wheat sown this season which had made strong growth and looked promising. Fields of winter wheat varying in size were seen from the train in many different places. Some were in stook, others but recently sown and well up. Fields of this crop were most numerous from Crossfield to Olds. In a drive taken through the district REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 surrounding Innisfail, considerable quantities of wheat were seen, some of it winter corts. In a similar drive about Red Deer several fields of winter wheat we^e noticed. Mr. Joseph W. Smith, Eed Deer, P.O., had 18 acres of winter wheat which gave him 51 bushels per acre. We saw this wheat, which was very good and plump. Another farmer a short distance from Ked Deer sowed three bu5he]s of Turkey Ivcd wheat on a little less than three acres of land and threshed 151 bushels. Ihis was the first experiment with Turkey Red in that locality. In travelling from Blackfalds to Lacombe, one large field of winter wheat was seen recently sown and well up, and another large field in stook near Ln combe. Dur- ing a drive in that neighbourhood other fields were seen. While in Edmonton two days were occupied in driving about the country, but not much winter wheat was seen there. Had time permitteckus to visit a larger number cf farmers in Northern Alberta we should no doubt have seen many more fields of this grain. In the annual report of the Department of Agriculture for the North-west Terri- lories for 1904, the total area of winter wheat grown that year in the several districts included in that part of the province we visited is given as follows : — District No. 12 — Edmonton, Strathcona and Wetaskiwin: Winter wheat 47 acres; average crop, 13 :23 bushels per acre. District No. 13 — Red Deer, Lacombe and Ponoka: Winter wheat, 344 acres; arer- ege crop, 30 "24 bushels per acre. District No. 14 — Inni?fail, Olds and Didsbury, including the country adjacent to +he Calgary and Edmonton railway from Carstairs to Penhold: Winter wheat, 915 acres ; average crop, 21 r95 bushels per acre. From these figures it will be seen that winter wheat is being tested over a large area in Northern Alberta, but it does not yet occupy that prominent position as a crop which it does in the southern parts of the province. The results of the experiments which have been tried seem to show that the cli- matic conditions prevailing in Northern Alberta are favourable for the growth of winter wheat; and if further experiments confirm the idea now prevailing that there is a gain of ten days in the time of ripening and a heavier average yield, these potent factors may lead to the cultivation of this grain in the north in much larger quantities. Spring wheat is of course grown successfully over the greater part of the settled country, and the acreage under this crop is rapidly increasing. Wlien considering the advantages attending the growing of winter wheat in x\lberta it should be borne in mind that the land cannot be used so advantageously as in the case of spring wheat. Only one crop of winter wheat can be had in two years, unless an early spring crop be grown, such as oats or mixed grain cut green for feed early enough to admit of the land being ploughed in time for the sowing of winter wheat. Spring grain might of course follow winter wheat, to be succeeded by summer fallow, which would give two grain crops in three years. In carrying out this investigation a large area of country has been covered, in- volving over 800 miles of railway travel and over 300 miles by vehicle. EXPERD.IENTS IN GROWING FARM CROPS IN THE YUKON. With the object of gaining some information as to the agricultural possibilities of some parts of the Yukon Territory, a course of experiments was planned in consulta- tion with the Comptroller of the Royal North-west Mounted Police, who has very kindly co-operated with me in this matter. He has given directions for the proper distribution of the material sent, and both the officers and men of the police force deserve many thanks for the kindly interest they have taken in this work. The packages of grain, grass seeds and potatoes were forwarded from Ottawa on April 18, 1905, but owing to the lack of mail facilities for carrying packages in that distant region during the winter months they did not reach Dawson until early in June which was too late for uniform success in that climate. 12 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 A part of the material forwarded for test was left at White Horse in charge of the commanding officer. Sup. A. E. Snyder, who received the samples there about the middle of May. LIST OF THE SAMPLES FORWARDED. 8 — 1-lb. hags Brome Grass Seed. 8 — 1-lb. bags Western Rye Grass. 8— 1-lb. bags Timothy. 8 — 1-lb. bags Hungarian Grass. 8 — 5-lb. bags wheat (two each Early Riga, Ladoga, Preston and Stanley). 8 — 41b. bags oats (four of Improved Ligowo and two each of Welcome and Tartar King). 8 — 5-lb. bags barley (four of Mensury and two each of Odessa and Champion). 10 — 3-lb. bags potatoes (five each of Rochester Rose and Vick's Extra Early). The following explanations and instructions were sent with the samples : — * In sending the samples above enumerated provision has been made for testing them at eight or ten different points. The Brome and Western Rye grasses are both very hardy perennial sorts. The Timothy is not so hardy but is also a perennial and will be iiseful for a comparative test. The Hungarian grass is a variety of Millet, it is an annual which matures very early, and it will I hope be found useful as a forage crop.' ' The grasses should be sown as early as practicable. They may be sown broadcast and covered by hand raking or in rows seven or eight inches apart. If convenient it may be well to try both methods. Where weeds are prevalent, the plots can be more easily kept clean where grass seed is sown in rows. Where plots are allowed to become overgrown with weeds the crops are much injured thereby, and the yields are usually small. ' All the varieties of grain sent are early ripening sorts, and, hence, among the most promising for testing in the Yukon country. They should be sown as early as the land is in condition to be worked, and may be sown broadcast or in drills. If sown broadcast the land should be subsequently raked until the seed is well covered; if in rows the seed should be buried to a depth of two inches. Each sample of grain Bent is sufficient to sow one-twentieth of an acre, a plot 33 by 66 feet. The quantity of grass seed in each bag will sow a similar sized plot. ' The varieties of potatoes sent are both extra early sorts. They are also productive and of excellent quality. In preparing them for planting they should be cut so as to have from two to three eyes in each piece, or set, and planted in rows 2^ feet apart, and the sets placed about a foot apart in the rows and covered with about four inches of soil.' Reports of the results obtained from the planting of these samples were received from the Assistant Commissioner at Dawson, T. G. Moore, commanding officer for the Yukon Territory, also from Supt. A. E. Snyder, commander at White Horse, as follows : — REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 REPORT ON SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SOWN IN YUKON TERRITORY DURING SEASON OF 1905. Tested by. Wm. Horkan. . Name of Seed. Mensury barley . . . tt It (Seed received 1904.) Odessa barley. Timothy grass P. Reitama.. Brome grass Hungarian grass . . . Western Rye grass . Welcome oats Date of Planting. Date of Report. Impr'd Ligowo oats Stanley wheat Preston wheat Rochester Rose pota- toes. Vick'a Extra Early potatoes. Timothy grass. . . . Western Rye grass . 13-6-1905 23-5-1905 15-6-1905 12-6-1905 12-6-1905 12-6-1905 12-6-1905 13-6-1905 15-6-1905 15-6-1905 15-6-1905 15-6-1905 12-6-1905 12-6-1905 8-6-1905 8-6-1905 Report of Grower. 18-8-1905 Sown in new ground, well worked, and is doing well, but was planted too late for perfect maturity this season. I planted the same seed in the Government House garden and it ripened well and will be ready for harvest in one week more, or about 13 weeks from seed to sickle. Excel- lent for the Yukon either for hay or grain, but should be planted early. Notwithstanding late sowing and continued dry weather in June and July it has grown vigorously but can hardly npen perfectly this season. If sown in May or early in June I believe this would be a useful and profitable variety for this climate. Sown in Administration lawn separately and mixed — has done remarkably well, was cut four times and is now refreshing to look at. Well adapted for lawn, pasture and meadow in the Yukon. Sown in Government House lawn separately and mixed with other grasses and in all cases has provcsd a vigorous grower. A good hay and field grass for this climate. Sown in Government House grounds, has done well, was cut three times and is now growing vigorously. A useful grass for thii climate. Sown on Government House lawn in partial shade. Growth vigorous and very satis- factory. Sown in Administration grounds separately and mixed with other grasses and in each case has done well and is now verdantly and vigorously growing. Well adapted for this climate. Good vigorous grower, but sown too late for this season's harvest. It is now doing well and will be an excellent crop for the Yukon if sown early as frost will permit. Growing well and promising good returns, but too late for this season's harvest. A good hardy oat that should be planted early. Sown in new ground, well worked. Is grow- ing nicely and looking well, but too late for practical results this year. I have re- served some of the seed for early planting next season. Growing vigorously and full of promise, but too late to mature before frost. I have re- served some of the seed for next season's early sowing. A good strong vigorous grower ; stalks stout and well shaped ; tubers of good size and maturing well considering the very late sowing. I think it will be an excellent variety for early planting. Stalk growth slender and small, tubers equally backward. Not so good, so far, as the Rochester Rose, sown in the same soil and under equal conditions. Seed received too late for satisfactory test. Growth fairly good. Growth very poor. 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18 8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 18-8-1905 9-9-1905 9-9-1905 u EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 REPORT ON SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, &o.— Continued. Tested by. P. Reitsma Supt. Cuthbert. . W. n. Dailey. '. '. N, F. Hagel...'.' Name of Seed. Tartar King oat3 Mensury barley Vick's Extra Early potatoes. Western Rye grass . . Brome grass . . . Timothy grass. W. R. DubeU. Oats Wheat Vick's Extra Early potatoes. Rochester Rose pota- toes. Date of Planting. 9-6-1905 9-6-1905 7-6-1905 7-6-1905 24-5-1905 24-5-1905 24-5-1905 J. P.Whitehouse Vick's Extra Early potatoes. „ . . Rochester Rose pota- toes. „ , . Early Riga wheat . . . 4-6-190r 4-6-1905 5-6-1905 Date of Report. Rc^jort of Grower. 9-9-1905 9-9-1905 9-9-1905 5-9-1905 5-9-1905 13-9-1905 15-9-1905 13-9-1905 14-8-1905 14-8-1905 Growth splendid, will, I believe, mature if put in very early in spring. Splendid growth until the heavy rain set in, would undoubtedly mature here if put in about the middle of ilay. Good growth, a heavy yielder. Did not mature on account of heavy frost in August. N.B — Above named seeds were planted in rich sand and loamy soil, well manured in previous years. By planting a month earlier we can raise fairly good crops around Dawson. Both seeds were late in sowing, but have shown good growth and are suitable for this country. Cut on August 20th ; in flower for over two weeks before cutting. Cut grain on August 29th. Killed by high water. The plants are at this date looking exceed- ingly well and have been in bloom for about three weeks. I think they will mature and have no doubt of it had they been planted earlier. As to results obtained from seeds furnished by the police department, I would like to state that after receiving the seeds and thinking over the m.atter, I came to the conclusion that neither the soil, conditions or sea.=on on which the seeds were received were suitable for a proper test of the same. As I am one of the pioneer farmers of the Yukon Territory, I am very much interest- ed in this matter and I thought best to hold the seeds over for another year in order that I may be able to make what I consider a fair test for the same on an average piece of ground and sown at the proper time for seeding. I will hold the seeds over until the coming spring and will be pleased to furnish the department with specimens and details concerning their culture and growth. I would suggest that all experimental seeds be sent to Dawson during the fall or winter months as a short period of even ten days very often deteimines the success or failure of any crop of cereals or vegetables in this vicinity. From my experience I consider that any seeds planted after the date on which I received these packages for experi-. ment (latter part of May) would be practi- cally thrown away and in order to give them a fair test should be planted almost before the frost has left the ground. I shall be pleased to furnish the department with any information I can give, at all times. 12 8-1905 Good robust growth ; at present in blossom. 12-8-1905 Not quite aa good a grower as Vick's but appears to make a better setting of tubers. 12-8-1905 Made fairly good growth considering the time of sowing ; well headed out but quite green at present. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 REPORT ON SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, kc— Concluded. Tested by. Name of Seed. Date of Planting- J. P. Whitehouse iMensury barley Ligowo oats Timothy grass . ... Hungarian grass Brome and Western Rye grass. 5-6-1905 5-6-1905 5-6-1905 5-6-1905 5-6-1905 Date of Report. 12-8-1905 12-8-1905 12-8-1905 12-8-1905 12-8-1905 Rejxirt of Grower. Made a good start, but frost on nigbt of June 12th cut it down. At present just heading out. Made very good growth ; stooled heavily and headed well ; straw about 3^ feet in length, quite green at this time. Some of this I seeded with the oats which has made a fairly good catch. The balance did not do so well seeded alone, owing to dry weather, is just showing up well now. Owing to drought did not start until late. Will not make any growth to speak of. The dry weather held these seeds back for a long time. Not a good catch and I don't think they will stand the winter. N.B. — All these seeds could have been planted by May 10th. At that time the soil was in better condition and the weather more favourable. The Timothy I think will stand the winter. Will report on yield of potatoes and on seeds next spring, if required. Z. G. Wood, Assistant Commissioner Comd'g E.NAVM. Police, YuJcon Territory. REPORT FROM WHITE HORSE. I have the honour, to submit the following report, giving results of the seeds, ob- tained from the Experimental i'arm, Ottawa, and planted at several places in this district this sirring: — GRASS. Brome — This was planted at White Horse and Ten Mile Point. That at Ten Mile Point only attained a growth of three inches, being planted in new ground, and having ro rainfall. That at Wliite Horse, where we had more' rain turned out better. Western Rye — This was planted at White Horse, Ten Mile Point and Big Bend, on the Kluahne trail about 80 miles from White Horse. At White Horse and Big Bend, it was a surprise in growth and would yield aboiit three tons, or so, to the acre, while at Ten Mile Point it only attained a growth of three inches. Hungarian — This was planted at White Horse and was a failure, the season being loo dry. Timothy — This was planted by two different parties at White Horse, with one it turned out a failure while with the other, although planted on poorer ground, made a most luxuriant growth and in the opinion of the man who planted it is admirably suited to the conditions existing in this portion of the Yukon Territory. At Big Bend the timothy was a failure, the man who planted it claiming that it required more water and better preparation of soil than the rye grass. 16 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 OATS. The Improved Ligowo was planted at White Horse and Big Bend, that at "Whit.6 Horse was planted on high and low ground, both ripening and turning out an excel- lent quality of oats, while that at Big Bend was a failure, the person planting it claim- ing that the season there was too dry. Welcome— Some of this seed was planted at Ten Mile Point, put in on new land with no rainfall, it only grew three inches high and was a failure. WHEAT. Preston — This was the only variety planted. From one package planted by Mr. J. C. Shermer, Ten Mile Point, he obtained 20 pounds, which grew to a height of 23 inches. BARLEY. Champion — This was planted at Wliite Horse and produced an extra good crop, which was of special quality. Odessa — This seed was planted on very high ground about seven miles from White Horse and grew to a height of thirty inches. POTATOES. Eochester Rose — This seed was planted at Ten Mile Point, and 57 pounds raised from a 3-pound package of potatoes. Another 3-pound package of this variety was planted on high land near White Horse, which, however, only produced 12 pounds, but in every other respect were very satisfactory. In the barrack garden at .Vhite Horse a 3-pound package of this seed was planted and produced 98^ pounds, nine potatoes weighing 4| pounds, those potatoes took first prize at the White Horse fair, and it would appear that this variety is particularly suitable for this soil and climate. Vicks' Extra Early — This variety was planted in White Horse and turned out fairly good. All the seeds received were distributed amongst ten different parties; seven at White Horse and neighbourhood, one at Ten Mile Pointy one at Big Bend on the Kluahne trail, and one at Big Salmon. The party to whom I distributed seeds at Big Salmon, I was unfortunately unable to get any return from, the seeds after being delivered to him having been burnt in the fire which occurred here on the 22nd of May last. The seeds were distributed between the 12th and 22nd May, and in some instances were not planted imtil the end of May, which this year was a little late in the season. In conclusion, I might say that of five seasons, this was the most favourable for glowing vegetables and grains in this district, and then we did not have any rainfall till the middle of June. It rained two days during June, the 13th and 26th, the total lainfall of the month being -93 inches. A. E. Snyder, Supt. Commanding ' H' Division. The success attending these experiments is quite encouraging considering that the seeds arrived so late, and, it was decided to send out another and larger lot of samples similar to those which had done so well in 1905. To save time a part of these REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 17 100 lbs. 100 100 100 100 50 50 25 25 100 lbs 200 100 200 25 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 were forwarded from Brandon, Man., and a second lot from Ottawa. All of these were sent to Dawson addressed to Supt. A. R. Cutbbert. The samples forwarded from Brandon were sent September 23, and consisted of the following: — Preston wheat in 5 lb. bags. Stanley wheat in 5 Odessa barley in 2i Rochester Rose potatoes in 2^ Vick's Extra Early potatoes in 2^ Early Rose potatoes in 2J Vermont Gold Coin potatoes in 2i Brome grass in 1 Western Rye grass in 1 Subsequently, on October 2, the following were forwarded to the same address, from the Central Experimental Earm, Ottawa: — Welcome oats in 2^ lb. bags. Improved Ligowo oats in 2^ Odessa barley in 2J Mensury barley in 2^ Timothy seed in 2^ Hungarian grass in 1 A letter was received from Supt. Cuthbert, under date of October 12, acknowledg- ing the receipt of all the samples, which he says arrived in good order. A further consignment was sent later to White Horse. These samples were sent from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, on November 20, and consisted of the following : — 20 lbs. Preston wheat in 5 lb. 16 " Improved Ligowo oats in 4 16 " Odessa barley in 4 30 " Rochester Rose potatoes in 3 4 " Brome grass in 1 4 " Western Rye grass in 1 4 " Timothy in 1 4 " Hungarian grass in 1 As these samples have already reached their destination there will be ample time and opportunity for distributing them to the best advantage and so as to admit of their being sown in the coming spring at the earliest opportunity. Recently samples of two varieties of very early ripening wheats have been for- warded to Dawson. These are new sorts recently introduced by the Cerealist of the experimental farms. One named Aurora, got by selection from an early wheat obtained from a high altitude in the Himalaya mountains in India, the other is an improved and early strain of a cross-bred variety known as Bishop. Aurora is the earliest ripen- ing variety we have yet produced, it ripens more than two weeks earlier than the Red Fife. Bishop is also very early, maturing in about ten days less time than Red Fife. Both are wheats of good quality, but their relative productiveness has not yet been fully ascertained. One pound of the Aurora has been sent in half-pound packages, and two pounds of Bishop also in half-pound packages. The results of these tests will be watched with much interest. 16—2 18 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 THE INSPECTION AND GRADING OF WHEAT IN THE MANITOBA GRAIN INSPECTION DIVISION. The methods employed in the inspection of wheat and their fairness to the farmer R'i well as to the miller or export purchaser have of late attracted some attention, l^armers in some instances have been of opinion that they have not received from the millers the full value, especially of their lower grades of wheat. This subject has been carefully investigated at the Central Experimental Farm by the Cereal and Chemical Divisions, and a bulletin has been published giving the results cf this inquiry. Authentic and representative samples of the different grades of wheat have been obtained from Mr. David Horn, chief inspector of the Manitoba Grain Ins- pection Division. By the use of a small roller mill flour has been produced from these samples, and the flour made into bread and baked. The results of the bakings several times repeated have been carefully compared as to texture, quality, &c., and the infor- mation compiled. In the Chemical Division the samples both of whole wheat and flour have been analysed, and the proportions of their several constituents determined. A comparison of the conclusions reached independently by the Cerealist and Chemifit show conclusively that considering the difficulties surrounding this subject, the present system of grading, which is faithfully administered and well carried out works on the whole fairly well. This bulletin has been widely distributed and copies may still be had by any one desiring them by applying to the Director of Experimental Farms. GRADES OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE MANITOBA GRAIN INSPECTION OmSION. The Grain Inspection Act (provides that the spring wheat grown in Manitoba and the North-west Territories shall be graded as follows : — Extra Manitoba hard wheat shall weigh not less than 62 pounds per bushel, shall bo plump, sound and well cleaned and shall contain not less than eighty-five per cent of hard red Fife wheat. No. 1 Manitoba hard wheat shall be plump, sound and well cleaned, weighing not less than 60 lbs. to the bushel, and shall be composed of at least seventy-five per cent of hard red Fife wheat. No. 1 hard white Fife wheat shall be sound and well cleaned, weighing not less than 60 lbs. to the bushel and shall be comx>osed of not less than sixty per cent of hard white Fife wheat, and shall not contain more than twenty-five per cent of soft wheat. No. 1 Manitoba northern wheat shall be sound and well cleaned, weighing not less than 60 lbs. to the bushel and shall be composed of at least sixty per cent of hard red Fife wheat. No. 2 Manitoba northern wheat shall be sound and reasonably clean, of good mill- ing qualities and fit for warehousing, weighing not less than 58 pounds to the bushel, and shall be composed of at least forty-five per cent of hard red Fife wheat. Any wheat not good enough to be graded No. 2 Manitoba northern shall be graded No. 3 Manitoba northern, in the discretion of th-e inspector. These grades form the bulk of the wheat marketed every season. In a good year the larger part of the grain will be No. 1 Hard and No. 1 Northern, while in a poor year the proportions of No. 2 and No. 3 Northern will be larger. Every year a considerable number of cars containing wheat of too low a quality to be graded as No. 3 Northern, find their way into the market, and special standards fire prepared for these low class products, such as No. 4 Extra, No. 4, No. 5, Feed and No. 2 Feed. Any good wheat that is damp and which cannot be safely warehoused, is classed as No Grade. All good wheat that contains a large admixture of other kinds cf grain is also classed as No Grade. All grain brought to the market in a heating condition or mixed with heated grain, is entered on the inspector'^ books as con- demned. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Portions of the crop of 1904 were damaged by rust. Some of this when threshed was of so little value and weight that it confpared only with elevator cleanings; such grain is graded as ' screenings.' Any wheat that is injured by smut is classed as ' No. 1 rejected.' If very smutty, ns ' No. 2 rejected.' "Where wheat contains a large proportion of weed seeds such as wild oats, the seeds of rag-weed, &c., it is classed as ' rejected,' without using any number. Such low grades of wheat as cannot be used profitably for flour are ground and sold as feed for stock. Wheat rejected on account of smut or weeds is usually sent to Fort William to an elevator provided with special cleaning apparatus, and after it is cleaned and dried it may be given a grade, and can then be marketed in the usual way. VISIT TO THE INSPECTOR S OFFICE AND RAILWAY YARDS. Being desirous of seeing the actual working of the methods adopted for the in- spection and grading of wheat, I called on Mr. David Horn, Chief Inspector at Winni- peg, on the morning of September 23, 1905, who showed me much courtesy. I was first taken through his own ofiice where the work of inspection and grading was in progress. Then provided with a note to one of his deputies, I visited the railway yard where some 200 cars of wheat which had just arrived were being inspected and graded. As the train comes into the yard the conductor goes to the railway office with his bills to report his train. The inspector makes a list of the grain cars on these bills from which he learns where each car is from, where it is going, the name of the shipper and of the party to whom it is consigned. With this information he goes with his men at once to the train. The inspector has usually three men with him. One man opens the doors of each car and closes them again after the inspection is over. When the doors are opened the other two men enter the car. A car laden with wheat is usually filled to a depth of about 5 feet. This leaves room between the wheat and the roof of the car for these men to work. One man carries with him a cotton sheet about a yard long and three-quarters of a yard wide, which he spreads on top of the wheat. The other carries what is known as a ' stabber,' a cylindrical brass in- strument, reminding one of a large syringe. This is about 6 feet long and 2-i inches in diameter and pointed at the lower end. The instrument is hollow and consists of an interior and exterior tube which by a turn of the handle at the end can be made to slide one on the other. Each tube has openings at intervals, about 5 inches long and an inch wide which are alike in each tube. By turning the outer tube these openings are closed. The stabber is then thrust through the grain in a somewhat slanting direc- tion until the pointed end reaches the floor, then, with a turn of the handle the openings in the tube are brought opposite each other, when the grain immediately flows into and fills the instrument. By reversing the handle the holes are closed so that the gi'ain cannot fall out, and when the ' stabber ' is brought up it brings with it a complete section of the wheat which that part of the car contains. The grain is let out of the instrument at the top and placed on the sheet in the form of an irregular band from 4 to 6 inches wide, 2^ feet long, and about half an inch deep, showing the character of the wheat from the top to the bottom of the car. This is done from seven to ten or twelve times in different parts of the car, and spread each time on the sheet as de- scribed. When the car has been ' stabbed ' a sufficient number of times and the grain jiroperly spread on the sheet, the inspector has before him a complete display of the character and quality of the contents of the car from the bottom to the top. He then examines this and writes on a card the number of the car, the date of inspection, and his opinion of the grade. He also puts about two pounds of the mixed grain on the sheet into a cotton bag which closes by a draw-string, the card is placed inside the bag and the bag hung on a point of the car outside, to be taken from, thence to the in- spector's office. 16— 2i 20 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1903 Occasionally a car Is found to be ' plugged,' that is fraudulently loaded by putting inferior wheat in parts of the car where the shipper imagines it will not be detected. Where any indication of this is noticed the car is ' stabbed ' in many places, and all parts of it closely examined. If the inspector has reason to believe that plugging was intended the law requires that the whole car shall be graded at the same value as the poorest grade found in the car. This penalty is a severe one, and hence ' plugging ' is not a common practice. With sufficient and competent help the grading of grain is very rapidly done, and a whole train load of wheat can be examined and graded in the course of an hour or two. The sample bags from the cars are carried to the inspector's office near the rail- way yard, where they are successively spread out on a large table, carefully examined, and their grade finally determined by the deputy inspectors. The grain is then put back in the bags with the cards, when they are filed away for reference. A complete report on each car is made, one copy of which is sent to Fort Wil- liam and another to the office of the chief inspector, Mr. David Horn. Certificates for each car are also sont to the parties interested. Every day the entire record for all the cars arriving during the previous 24 hours is completed and disposed of. From 20 to 30 men are employed at this work during the busy period. The fee fixed by law for the inspection is 40 cents per car; the cars will average about 1,000 bushels each. HOW FARMERS DISPOSE OF THEIR CROPS. Some farmers sell their grain at the elevators, while others prefer to load and ship their own grain. These latter usually consign their wheat to an independent broker, one not connected in any way with elevator or railway companies. He charges one cent per bushel for looking after the business of marketing the wheat, and remitting the money received for it. If the farmer sells to an elevator company, his wheat is then graded by the man in charge, but only temporarily and for the purpose of giving the farmer cash. If the farmer objects to the local grading a sample of the wheat is Bent to the chief inspector at Winnipeg, and if he grades it higher than the man at the elevator did, then the elevator company must pay the farmer the difference in market price between the grades on the day of sale.j HOW THE CROPS OF 1904 AND 1905 HAVE GRADED. In the following table the first colunm shows tlie total returns for the inspection cf the crop of 1904. In the second column the total number of cars of wheat of the crop of 1905, inspected to December 1, 1905 : — Crop of 100k. Crop of 1905 Inspected to Dec. 1, 1905. Cars. Cars. No. 1 Hard 176 No. 1 Hard 532 No 1 Northern 3,788 No. 1 Northern 17,833 No. 2 " " . . . . 11,585 No. 2 " 6,858 No. 3 " 9,293 No. 3 " 996 No. 4 Extra 2,214 No. 4 Extra 5 No 4 3,036 No. 4 58 No. 5 2,247 No. 5 1 Peed 1,098 Feed None. Feed No. 2 233 Feed No. 2 None. Eejected (for weed seeds) .... 603 llejected (for weed seeds) .... 1,535 No. 1 Eejected (for smut) 631 No. 1 Rejected (for smut) . . . 1,227 No. 2 " " .... 591 No. 2 " " ... 1,234 Screenings 40 Screenings 9 Condemned VS Condemned 10 No Grade 2,279 No Grade 155 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 INCREASE IN PROPORTION OF WEEDY AND SMUTTY WHEAT. A study of these figures shows that the character of the season is a most im- portant factor in determining the value of the wheat crop. The year 1904 was com- paratively unfavourable, while the present year has been favourable. That portion of the crop (probably about two-thirds of the whole) marketed before December 1, 1905, ie largely No. 1 Northern. It is also worthy of comment that the number of cars of wheat graded rejected this year on account of weed seeds is more than double that of_ 1904. The total number classed as ' rejected ' for smut has also more than doubled^ While the bulk of this wheat classed as rejected is ultimately recovered, the cost and loss of weight entailed by the scouring and cleansing required to bring the sample into a marketable condition are very considerable and materially lessen the returns re- ceived by those farmers who send their wheat to market in a condition so dirty and discreditable as to justify the inspectors in marking it ' rejected.' A more vigorous campaign is evidently needed against weeds and smut, to stir up these careless farmers now to a sense of their duty. HOW THE UNIFORMITY OF THE GRADES IS MAINTAINED. Objection has sometimes been made to the method of grading wheat on the ground that the grades are lacking in uniformity from year to year. Prior to 1899 tlie grades were fixed from season to season by a board of experts, on samples of the current year's growth brought from different localities and compared. Under that arrangement it is quite likely that the grades varied more or less from year to year. Under the pre- sent system a handful is taken from eacii carload, graded and thrown into a vessel or bin provided for that grade, and this grain thus mixed is used as a basis for the same grade the following season. Samples are given to the inspectors and others requiring them, and in this way the grades are maintained of a uniform character. The system of grading as carried on by the Manitoba Grain Inspection Division, nndpT direction of the Chief Inspector, Mr. David Horn, seems to be very thorough and satisfactory and to command the confidence both of the farmers and buyers in a m.arked degree. CO-OPERATIVE EXPERIMENTS BY CANADIAN FARMERS. The assistance rendered to Canadian farmers by the distribution of samples of seed of high quality for the improvement of crops has been continued with gratifying results. Farmers everywhere have gladly undertaken to co-operate with the exjDeri- mental farms in the endeavour to ascertain the relative merits in earliness, productive- ness and quality of the different sorts under trial when grown under the different climatic conditions which prevail in the several provinces of the Dominion. During the present year 41,548 farmers have joined in these co-operative tests. A large number of reports have been received expressing appreciation of the great value of this work. The samples of wheat and barley sent out have weighed five pounds each, and those of oats four pounds, sufficient in each case to sow one-twentieth of an acre. The samples of Indian corn, pease and potatoes have weighed three pounds each. The samples sent from the Central Experimental Farm during the distribution period for the past year have been distributed as follows : — EXPERIMENTAL FARMS DISTRIBUTION BY PROVINCES. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ^ i a Name of Grain. C3 .2 o o > i 1 .2 'i-i c3 1 "S -u> o II 1 3o O d) 3 a i5 O Ph ^ ^ O" O ^ ^ pq Oats 836 114 1,513 433 1,664 217 4,735 1,473 1,713 650 551 176 1,517 579 86 Barley Wheat 41 250 718 836 2,874 757 1,496 2,499 04 10 26 102 148 131 116 406 511 102 450 39 78 79 117 7 Indian Com 33 157 859 1,053 2,075 2,356 905 1,958 43(i Total 1,393 3,773 4,017 12,074 6,028 3,245 6,749 607 Total number of samples distributed, 37,946. Number of applicants supplied, 37,865. Total number of packages of each sort distributed : — Oats 12,615 Barley 3,683 Wheat 9,494 Pease 876 Indian Corn 1,479 Potatoes 9,799 Total 37,946 The following list shows the number of packages which have been sent of the different varieties : — Name of Variety. Banner Improved Ligowo. Waverley Wiile Awake.. .. Thousand Dollar. Abundance Tartar King.. .. Goldfinder Black Beauty . . . Number of Packages. Total BARLEY (Six-rowed). Mensury Odessa Clauide Mansfield (Two-rowed.) Invincible Standwell Sidn-ey Canadian Thorpe Total. 3,027 1,633 1,514 1,503 1,448 1,354 1,083 749 299 12,615 928 611 605 465 S69 282 252 171 3,683 Name of Variety. SPRING WHEAT. Laurel Preston Red Fife Stanley Wellman's Fife White Fife Percy Huron Monarch White Russian Common Emmer Early Riga Total PBASa. Arthur White W o Per acre. Unmanured from the beginning Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 bone again used as at first Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizei-s again used as at first Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 188S to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at first Ig' Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, I used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. I No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In ' 1905 fertilizer again used as at first . - - - Tons. 11 12 12 12 13 17 18 19 20 21 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 600 lbs. ; muriate of potash 200 lbs. ; sulphate of ammonia, 150 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1399 inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at first Muriate of potash, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at first Double sulphate of potash and magnesia 300 lbs. per acre in 1889 and '90 : (muriate of potash 200 lbs., substituted, each year since); dried blood, 300 lbs.; mineral super- phosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as at first Wood ashes, unleached, 1,900 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 190.5. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at first Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; sulphate of ammonia, 200 lbs. ; muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from 1900. to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers ag; used as at first 10 12 11 lbs. 116 538 1921 1099 16th Season, 1905. Per acre I (D e 0) I TJ O 2:; "^ Per acre. Tons lbs Tons. lbs. 9 342 10 1640 9 1206 13 1490 10 210 15 600 9 1481 12 710 212 10 254 12 1130 13 1149 2.55 765 251 12 1387 10 306 7 960 9 297 Per acre Average Yield for Fourteen Years. Ou-, O bcra Per; Tons lbs Tons. lbs. 10 32011 86 12 860 12 722 !^5 . Per acre Tons lbs 9 4G6 9 1.559 13 120013 213 10 647 10 1910 12 1075 11 1260,13 144 10 442 9 1633 14 78012 lt>40 13 1251 14 71013 7701 10 783 15 1770 8 1119 15 940 7 1797 14 610 13 540 13 1430 12 1800 12 1203 10 639 7 1698 9 812 11 800 8 1763 12 1588 8 422 PLOTS OF MANGELS AND TUKNIPS. In conducting these experiments, the roots only have been taken from the land, the tops have always been cut oS and left on the ground to be ploughed under, so that the plant food they have taken from the soil may be returned to it. One half of each one-tenth acre plot in the series has been devoted to the growth of mangels, and the other half to turnips, and these crops have been alternated from year to year. The preparation of the land has been the same for both these roots. Until 1900 it was 40 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1936 ploughed in the autumn after the crop was gathered, gang-ploughed deeply in the spring after the barn-yard manure had been spread on plots 1, 2 and 6, and after gang- ploughing, the other fertilizers were spread by scattering them evenly over the surface, after which it was all harrowed with the smoothing harrow, then made in ridges 2 feet) apart, rolled and sown. The variety of mangel principally grown was the Mammoth Long Eed, and four pounds of seed were sown per acre each year. The variety of turnip chiefly sown was the Prize Purple Top Swede. The land used for the turnips, which are usually sown later than the mangels, was prepared in the same manner as for the mangels. It was then allowed to stand until the day before sowing, when it was gang-ploughed shallow or cultivated to kill weeds and loosen the soil, ridged, rolled and sown. About 3 pounds of seed were sown per acre. In 1900 and 1903, no crops of mangels or turnips were grown, but clover was sown in their place in May in the proportion of 12 pounds per acre. This made a strong growth and was cut twice each year during the season, and left on the ground to decay, so that when ploughed under, the land might get the full benefit of the clover crop. The clover was allowed to remain growing until near the middle of May, the second year following, by which time it had made a very heavy growth. It was then ploughed under about 6 inches deep and harrowed well, then made into ridges 2 feet apart. These were rolled with a hand roller, which flattened the ridges considerably and made a firm, even seed bed. The crops of clover and roots were alternated in this way, for the purpose of supplying humus and also of gaining information as to the fertilizing effect of green clover ploughed under on land to be used for growing roots. In 1905, the mangels were sown on May 6, and pulled on October 17; the turnips were sown May 10, and pulled October 8. The yield per acre has been calculated in each case frm the weight of roots gathered from the whole plot. EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF MANCxELS AND TURNIPS. Fertilizers applied each year from 18S9 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1900 in place of the roots and ploughed under in May, 1901, before the roots were sown. In 1903 clover was again sown and ploughed under in May, 1904. In 190.5 fertilizers again applied as in 1899, clover discontinued. AvEK.^GE Yield FOR Thirteen Years. 16th Season, 1905. Varieties. East Half West Half Plot. Plot Mangels, Weight of roots. Per Acre. Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) well rotted, 20 tons per acre each year from 1889 to 1898 inclusive. No maimre used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905 manure was again used as at first 2iBarn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow manure) fresh, 20 tons per acre each year from 1889 to 1898 in- clusive. No manure used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905 manure was again used as at first. Unmanured from the beginning Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1897, in- clusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' phosphate was used. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as in 1899 Tons. lbs. 21 1879 20 1535 9 58 Turnips, Weight of roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 16 475 16 570 7 1669 8 1739 8 1307 Turnips Purple Top Swede. Weight of roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 8 300 8 30 2 1610 Mangels Mammoth Long Red, Weight of roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. Average Yield FOR Fourteen Years. Mangels, Weight of roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 25 1060 22 358 Turnips, Weight of roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 15 1397 27 850! 21 423" 15 1467 8 420 8 1949 7 998 3 1430| 10 490 8 1922 8 049 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR a SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OK MANGELS AND T\]KK1V^~ Continued. Fertilizers applied each j-ear from 1889 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1900 in place of the root: and ploughed under in May, 1901 before the roots were sown. In 1903 clover was again sown and plough- ed- under in May, 1904. In 1905 fertilizers again applied as in 1899. Clover discontinued. 10 11 Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 1,000 lbs., nitrate of soda, 250 lbs., wood ashes, uuleached, 1,000 lbs. psr acre, used each year from 1889 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Tho mas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No ferti lizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as in 1899. Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and actively fermenting, 6 tons per acre ; mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 1,000 lbs. per acre, composted together, intimately mixed and allowed to heat for several days before using, applied each year from 1889 to 1897 inclu- sive. In 1898 1,000 lbs. of Thomas pho.sphate was used in place of the mineral pho.sphate. No fertili- zers used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as in 1898 Mineral phosphate, untreated, finelj' ground, 1,000 lbs. : sulphate of potash, 200 lbs. in 1889 and 1890 (substituted by muriate of potash, 250 lbs. in 1891 and subsequent years); nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 1,000 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was used in place of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertdi- zers again used as in 1899 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 500 lbs. ; suluhate of potash, 200 lbs. in 1889 and 1890 (substituted by mur- iate of potash, 250 lbs. in 1891 and subsequent years) ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as in 1899 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 500| lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili- zer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used afe in 1890 Nitrate of soda, 300 lbs. per acre,! used each year from 1889 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizer use from! 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer used again as in 1899. Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili- zer used again as in 1899 Average Yield FOR Thirteen Years. IGth Season, 1905, Varieties. East Half West half Plot. Plot. jNIangels. Weight' of Roots. Per Acre. Per Acre Turnips, Weight of Roots. Tons. lbs. Tons. lbs. 14 14 12 96: 17 1318 10 1099 13 11 1162 1690 1444 294 755 Turnips, Purple Top Swede Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons, lbs Mangels, Mammoth Long Red, Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 5 1600 20 1880 Average Yield for Fourteen Years. Mangels, Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Turnips, Weight of Roots. Per Acre. Tons. Ibs.iTons. lbs. 1820 1695 11 1990 22 560 140 19 1370 1770 17 1970 1701 4 1050,16 529|11 16371 4 158 460 160 17 480 950 13 1740 14 1824 10 470 17 1934 12 1893 12 243 9 1191 14 10 14 12 242 313 738 11 1175 9 991 9 892 743; 10 1358 42 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll^ A. 1906 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF MANGELS AND TUHl^IFS— Concluded. Fertilizers applied each year from 1889 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1900 in place of the roots and ploughed under in May, 1901, before the roots were sown. In 1903 clover was again sown and plough- ed under in May, 1904. In 1905 fertilizers again applied as in 1899. Clover discontinued. Average Yield FOR Thirteen Years. East Half West Half Plot. Plot, Mangels, Weight of Roots. Per Acre . Tons. 7 12lUnmamired from the beginning 13 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; wood ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili- zers again used as at first 12 14 Wood ashes, unleached, 2,000 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili- zer again used as at first 11 15 Common salt (Sodium chloride), 400 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili- zer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at first .... IC Mineral su}>erphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili- zers again used as at jirst ^ . 17 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili- zers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as at first 18 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs., muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili- zers again used as at first 19 Double sulphate of potash and mag- nesia, 300 lbs. per acre in 1889 and 1890 (muriate of potash, 200 lbs., substituted each year since) ; dried blood, 250 lbs.; mineral superphos-' phate. No. 1, .500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclu- sive. No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1995. In 1905 fertilizers again used as at first 20 Wood, ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs.; common salt (sodium chloride), .300 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili- zers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as at first. 21 Mineral superphosphate, No. 2, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili- zer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at first 12 13 14 14 lbs. 966 356 266 1814 Turnips, Weight of Roots. Turnips, Purple Top Swede Weight of Roots. Per Acre . Tons. lbs. 7 1407 9 628 8 1523 89G 16th Season, 1905, Varieties. Per Acre. Tons. lbs. 2 430 4 1040 Mangels, Mammoth Long Red, Weight of Roots. Per Acre . Tons, lbs, 7 250 AvERAGK Yield FOR Fourteen Years. Mangels, Weight of Roots. Per Acre . Per Acre Turnips, Weight of Roots. Tons, lbs.! Tons. lbs. 7 918 7 675 13 1580 12 571 5 84012 60011 422 3 1590 1801 11 837 4 540 735' 11 301 12 1762 11 1465 458 1922 12 1395 11 881 3 1570 13 45010 256 14 530 12 1983 8 1989 8 1077 8 276 10 1884 16 115013 116310 1319 4 14015 1580 13 150 11 443 4 960 ll4 1725 11 1544 16 1590 14 800 12 299 3 81017 30015 21410 1810 3 110 16 1500 14 1977 11 382 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 43 SESSIONAL PAPER H>\ 16 BULLETINS ISSUED DURING 1905. Five bulletins have been issued during the year : No. 48 on the ' results obtained jn 190-4 from trial plots of grain, fodder com, field roots and potatoes.' This bulletin is the tenth of the series of crop bulletins issued from the Experimental Farm, and was prepared jointly by Dr. C. E. Saunders, Cerealist, and the Director. In this bul- letin there are presented the results of a large number of experiments which were con- ducted at all the Experimental Farms during the season of 1904, with oats, barley, spring wheat, pease, Indian corn, turnips, mangels, carrots, sugar beets and potatoes, in plots of uniform size, and the crops grown under uniform conditions. Both the relative earliness and productiveness of the varieties are recorded. The average re- sults are also given of these tests for the past five years, the varieties being arranged in order of their productiveness, for this period. No. 49, ' the Potato and its Culture, with tests of Varieties found most useful.' This bulletin has been prepared by the Horticulturist of the Central Experimental Farm, Mr. W. T. Macoun. The potato crop is everywhere one of great importance to the community. In bulletin 49 there is presented in convenient form the results gained through a long course of experiments regarding the productiveness, quality and general usefulness of the best sorts of potatoes which have been imder trial at the Experimental Farm during the past eighteen years. The number of named varieties tested during this period is over SOO, besides several hundred seedlings. The relative merits of all these different sorts have been compared, especially as to their productive- ness, quality and earliness in maturing. The best methods of preparing the land for ■fliis crop and of planting and cultivating are fully explained; particulars are also given as to the most successful remedies which have been adopted for the destruction of the injurious insects which attack this plant, and for the diseases which affect the vines and tubers. Select lists are also given of those varieties which have proved most useful and profitable. No. 50 on ' The Milling and Chemical YaliTe of the Grades of Wlieat in the Mani- toba Inspection Division, Crop of 1904.' This bulletin consists of two parts. Part I. on the Milling Value of the Grades of Wheat, has been prepared by Dr. C. E. Saunders, Cerealist, and Part II. on A Chemical Study of the Grain and Flour, by Mr. Frank T. Shutt, Chemist of the Dominion Experimental Farms. The investigations reix>rted on in this bulletin were imdertaken in response to a request received from the Manitoba Grain Growers Associa.tion, asking that the ex- perimental farm staff should determine as accurately as possible the value of each grade of wheat in the Manitoba Inspection Division, for milling purposes, also from, the standpoint of chemical composition. This subject is one of deep interest to the farmers of the Canadian North-west, and every effort has been made to make the investigation thorough and complete. The uniformity of the results obtained by these independent workers gives evidence of the care and accuracy with which the work has been conducted, and will doubtless inspire confidence in the reliability of the conclusions reached. No. 51, on ' Bacon and Pigs in Canada, Notes on Breeding, Feeding and Managing Swine, with Eeports of some Experiments.' This bulletin was prepared by Mr. J. H. Grisdale, Agriculturist of the Central Experimental Farm, and presents a summary of the experiments which have been conducted in reference to pork production since the beginning of this work at the experimental farm. Much information is also given regarding the selection of the best types of animals for carrying on this work, and of the different methods of management as to housing, pasturing, &c. Many facts are also presented in reference to the care and treatment of swine of different ages, and the most profitable methods of feeding them in the several stages of their growth. The swine industry has developed very rapidly in Canada during the past few years, and the facilities the country affords for the extension of this profitable branch of farming are practically unlimited. The useful information given in bulletin 51 will doubtless prove helpful to a large number of those engaged in this branch of farm work. 44 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908 No. 52, on ' Insects Injurious to Grain and Fodder Crops, Root Crops and Vege- tables,' prepared by Dr. James Fletcher, Entomologist and Botanist of the Dominion Experimental Farms.' The injuries annually caused by insects to farm crops, seriously reduce the profits arising from the labour of the farmer. Much of this loss is pre- ventable, and the object of this bulletin is to supply that practical information which will enable the reader to deal with these several pests in the most effective manner and at the least cost. The concise accounts given of the life history and habits of the injurious species treated of, together with the illustrations, will provide the means whereby they may be readily distinguished. The remedies suggested for the destruc- tion of these pests are, as a rule, of easy application and at the same time are very effective. ANNUAL VISITS TO THE BRANCH EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. The usual annual visits of inspection were made. Agassiz was visited dtiring the latter part of August. The weather was dry prior to and at the time of my visit and all the standing crops were in need of rain. The grain was all harvested and threshing was in progress. All the grain crops excepting wheat had been good, that had been injured by weevil. Hay had given very heavy re- turns, the field roots and corn were growing rapidly and promised to be well up to the average. The apple crop was about medium, the yield of pears was light, plums variable, some of the more prolific varieties were fruiting well, while others gave only light returns. In the nut orchard the Japanese walnuts and chestnuts were yielding well, English walnuts and Spanish chestnuts both gave light crops, filberts gave more than an average yield. Indian Head was twice visited, once on the way out to the coast about the middle of August, and the second time on September 11. The first visit was just before har- vest began at the return visit in September. I found the grain practically all cut and no frost had occurred up to that time. The wheat in stook looked very heavy and the oats and barley equally good. Field peas were an excellent crop, and roots were grow- ing rapidly and promised well. Potatoes also were giving excellent returns. This sea- son carrots were sown earlier than usual and they were the best crop ever grown at this farm. Clover and Alfalfa were doing well, and Brome Grass and Western Rye Grass liad both given excellent crops of hay; orchard grass and timothy had also done well. Corn was being cut on the day I arrived, September 11, and gave good returns. The next day, September 12, there was a light frost, the thermometer registering 31° F. at Indian Head. Most of the tender plants were cut, but no serious injury was done to any of the crops. Fruit, forest trees and ornamental trees and shrubs had all made excellent growth. Brandon also was visited twice. At the time of the first visit early in August niost of the grain was ripening and several of the earliest sorts of barley had been cut. All varieties of grain promised well, oats were unusually heavy. On my return visit the grain had been harvested and the results had been most gratifying. Oats on the experimental plots had given yields varying with the different varieties from 137 bushels to 93 bushels per acre; the 39 different sorts under test averaged 111 bushels, 23 pounds per acre. Corn had given an excellent crop, and potatoes the largest crops ever grown on the farm. The weather had been very favourable for harvesting, and threshing was proceeding in every direction. Many of the cross-bred apples planted in the experimental orchards, both here and at Indian Head, were fruiting well and were attracting much attention from visiting farmers. Both of these farms were in excellent condition. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 NappaNj Nova Scotia, was visited early in October. The crops of cereals which were all harvested had given yields well above the average; some of the oats gave from 80 to 90 bushels per acre, spring wheat from 20 to 35 bushels and barley from 35 to 49 bushels. Seeding was late in 1905, owing to a cold and wet spring, but favour- able weather later on brought the grain crops on rapidly. Hay has given very good crops, much above the average. Field roots and Indian corn produced returns also above the average. The fruit orchards on this farm are doing well, most of the apples gave heavy crops; the other sorts of large fruits gave light returns; small fruits, how- ever, did well. ACKNOWLEDGIEENTS. I beg to tender grateful acknowledgments to those who have rendered me special service during the year. To the Department of Agriculture, St. Petersburg, Russia, for samples of early maturing varieties of barley brought from the northern grain grow- ing sections of the Empire. To the United States Department of Agriculture for seed of AKalf a from different countries for test at the experimental farms. To the Director et the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plains, ^lass., for seeds of shrubs and trees, also to the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, England, for many sorts of seeds of trees, shrubs and flowers. I thank the officers of the Central and Branch Experimental Earms, for their earnest co-operation in carrying on the different divisions of the work. My acknowl- edgments are also due to those members of tlie staff who have assisted me in those branches of the work of which I have retained personal charge. To the farm foreman, Mr. John Fixter, who has carefully supervised the special tests of fertilizers and re- corded the results. To Mr. George Fixter, to whom I am indebted for his watchful care over the distribution of samples of seed grain. To Mr. James Taggart for the care and industry he has displayed as foreman of the ornamental grounds, and to Mr. Wm. Ellis for his careful management of the plants and shrubs in the green houses, and the propagation and raising of plants for outside decoration; also for the useful Ben-ice he has rendered in testing the vitality of seeds and in the taking of meteoro- logical records. I take pleasure also in bearing testimony to the faithful sen-ices of my secretary, Mr. Malcolm 0. O'Hanly. The employees also of all the farms have my thanks for the interest they have taken in their work and the care with which they have discharged their respective duties. WM. SAHNTDERS, Director of Dominion Experimental Farms. 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST (J. H. Grisdale, B. Agr.) Dr. Wm. Sauxders, Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith reports upon the horses, cattle, sheep, swine and farming operations under my supervision during the past year. I have to report a fairly successful year in the different branches of my division and in this connection I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness for assistance and in- terested co-operation in their various positions of the farm foreman, Mr. John Fixter, of the herdsman, Mr. C. T. Brettell, and of the dairyman, Mr. J. Meilleur. During the year I have attended a number of meetings in various parts of Can- ada, and have conducted a number of student- judging contests, in addition to my regular work of supervising and directing the experimental feeding and farming operations at the Central Experimental Farm. From Decmber 1, 1904, to November 30, 1905, 2,090 letters were received, and 3,20G despatched by the agricultural division. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, J. H. GRISDALE, Agriculturist. LIVE STOCK. The live stock now (December 1, 1905) occupying the different stables and pens r.nder my charge include horses, cattle, sheep and swine. horses. The horses are kept for labour exclusively, although some experimental feeding is usually under way to gain some information as to the most economical methods of feeding draught horses, as well as experiments to determine the comparative values of (^ifierent foods as forage for the same. The horses are usually 19 in number, made up of : — Thirteen heavy draught horses of Clydesdale and Percheron blood. Five heavy driving horses. One light driver. CATTLE. There are representatives of four breeds of cattle, viz.: — Shorthorn, Ayrshire, Guernsey and Canadian. There are besides, a number of grade cattle and steers. These cattle are kept for breeding and feeding operations, mostly of an experimental character. Pure bred feeding animals are usually on sale, however, and a considerable number are sold in the course of the year. 47 48 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 PURE BRED BREEDING CATTLE. The pure bred cattle in the barn at present are as follows: — 19 Shorthorns, including 5 bulls and 14 females. 20 Ayrshire, including 3 bulls and 17 females. 12 Guernseys, including 3 bulls and 9 females. 12 Canadians, including 1 bull and 11 females. GRADE CATTLE. At present the grades number 18 head, made up of 3 Shorthorn grades, 5 Ayr- shire grades, 6 Guernsey grades, and 4 Canadian grades. Steers. Forty-seven steers are under feed at present. They are of difierent ages and breeding, and the number is made up of : 29 two-year-olds. 8 yearlings. 10 calves. SHEEP. Sheep are not kept in large numbers, only 42 being now in the pens. Two breeds are kept, namely : Shropshires and Leioe&ters. There are 27 Shropshires, as follows : — 2 Shearling rams, 5 ram lambs, 11 aged ewes, 6 shearling ewes and 3 ewe lambs. There are 15 Leicesters, as follows : — 10 ewes, 1 ewe lamb, and 4 ram lambs. SWINE. Ninety swine of all classes are now in the pens being fed experimentally or being kept for breeding purposes. The breeds kept are Berkshires, Tamworths and Yorkshires. The Yorkshires are 39 in number, including: 2 stock boars; 24 breeding sows; 13 feeders. The Berkshires are 12 in number, including: 1 stock boar. 8 breeding sows. 3 feeders. The Tamworths are 15 in number, including: 1 stock boar; 8 breeding sows; 4 feeders; 2 young boars. Crossbreds, 24 feeders. HORSES. There are 19 horses in the stables. These horses are expected to do the work in the various departments during the year. The work on the ' 200-acre farm ' is but a part of their duties. They work in addition for the horticultural and cereal depart- ments, as well as upon the lawns and in the Arboretum. In addition a large amount of hauling in connection with the different departments, as well as road making and messenger service, takes up much of their time. HORSE LABOUR. During the year from July 1, 1904, to June 30, 1905, the work done by the 19 horses kept in the stables here was equivalent to 5,763-9 days' work, distributed as follows: — Live stock, hauling feed, marketing stock, &c., 159*1 days; farm work (200- acre farm) 723 -1 days ; draining and care of roads, including removing snow and breaking roads in winter, 286 -2 days ; manure on 200-acre farm, 252-8 days; cleaning land, gathering stones, &c., 10 days ; Arboretum, 130*5 days ; hor- ticultural division, 664 days; lawns, &c., 175 days; cereal division, 696-6 days ; bulletins and reports to and from farm office, 103 -6 days ; poultry, 33 -8 days; mail, including milk delivery, 176*3 days; omnibus service, including 3 horses REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 for omnibus, 2 horses for general driving and 1 horse for supervision of work, 2,345 days ; work about greenhouse, outbuildings, sidewalks, exhibitions, &c., 169 '9 days. In estimating the cost of farming operations further on in this report, $3 per day is charged for team and driver. To feed and care for the horses costs 32J cents per horse per working day, and the driver receives $1.72^ per 10-hour day. It is evident, therefore, that the team and driver cost $2,374 per day, leaving a margin of 62| cents, or 31^ cents, nearly, per horse per day for wear and tear. FEEDING HEAVY HORSES. The horses have been fed during the year along the lines indicated by recent ex- perimental feeding as reported upon in 1904. The extensive use of bran in the place of oats has resulted in a very considerable saving in the cost of feeding during the year. An experiment to gain more information as to the value of bran as a horse feed has been conducted this year and may be reported upon as follows ; — The horses, 10 in number, were divided into 5 groups of 2 each; the roughage ration in each case being mixed hay. During the second period group 1 received a meal mixture of pure oats; group 2, 1 part bran to 1 part oats; group 3, 2 parts bran to 1 part oats; group 4, 2 parts oats, 1 part bran ; group 5, oats 1 part, bran 3 parts. The oats were whole in every case. The meal was fed in three nearly equal portions morning, noon and night, while only one-fifth of the hay was fed in the morning, as much at noon, and the balance or three-fifths at night. To illustrate, one of the horses in grouiD 1 received his rations as follows : — - Morning, hay 3 lbs.; meal mixture, 6 lbs. ISToon, hay 3 lbs. ; meal mixture, 6 lbs. Evening, hay 8 lbs. ; meal mixture, 5 lbs. FIRST PERIOD OF 21 DAYS. BKAN FEEDING EXPEEIUENT. o >> -a M to S "S g 2 c (>-.-|i rt . »S -S rt ■*^ ? n ^ 0) t; 7^ cs d p to .S '2. a _o Pi .5 c o "a >. a .-1 ?« . ^ O • 2 1 Pi c o 1 W 'ci o 1 S + c u o 1 a O o OS £ o c 8 -§ . a. oq C 3 © ■j: u ^ V o a; '5 « og tH < § X Lbs < Lbs Lbs ft < )-J t> > o o 6Q Lbs Lbs. Lbs. Cts. S cts. § cts. S cts. S cts. 1 1,542 Oats . . Bran . . ..2 ..1 Timothy 441 420 21 20 1,530 12— 28 6 09 102 20 109 50 7 30 2 1, GOG Bran .. .3 11 441 357 21 17 1,556 50— 24 5 04 87 60 105 12 17 42 Oats . . .1 3 1,535 Oats . . Bran .. .3 .1 ,. . 441 420 21 20 1,556 21 + 29-5 6 09^ 97 G7 109 50 11 83 4 1,602 Oats pure. M . 441 420 21 20 1,587 15— 30 6 30 109 50 5 1,443 Bran .. Oats . . .1 .1 M . 441 336 21 16 1,448 5 + 255 5 35 93 07 104 02 10 95 16—4 50 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906 SECOND PERIOD OF 21 DAYS. BRAN FEEniXG EXPERIMENT. o >. !^ Cl -a S u cr . a; T! 1 25 O -w cj "t^ o ^ ?: ■o o ^ a '^ •^ eS O O '3 -73 a g c o ■n CI .si .2 a o 1 >> a o + a a o t> o »• 05 -8 Food for a 1 a meal -d. ^ £ Saving in 1 year by ing 8ucli grain i rather than pure P to OS ?.< 0) > CJ 3, ^ c '3 fcD C3 > 1 to o o "5 "^ ° § £ ^ CO «:£ O P '-f -11 r^ K «»J <; Q tt < 1^ > > o c5 Lbs Lbs Lbs Lbs Lbs. Lbs. Cts. S cts. $ cts. $ cts. •S ct.s. 1 1,530 Pure Oats. Timothy 441 420 21 20 1,551 21 4- 30 6 30 109 50 100 50 2 1,55G Bran . . Oats . . ..1 .1 II 441 357 21 17 1,518 8- 25-9 5 44 91 .53 104 82 10 29 3 1,556 Bran . . Oats . . .2 .1 II 441 420 21 20 1,556 25-8 5 42 94 17 109 50 15 .33 4 1,587 Bran . . Oats . . .1 o ' • 441 420 21 20 1,576 10— 27-9 5 86 101 83 109 50 7 67 5 1,448 Bran .. Oats . .3 .1 .1 . 441 33G 21 16 1,471 23 + 23-6 4 95 86 141 1 103 36 17 22 The horses on these different rations were employed at various kinds of farm work. During the first three week's period most of the time was spent hauling corn to the silo (very heavy work) but during the last three weeks' period the work was more general in character, such as ploughing, cultivating, hauling roots, &c. Group 1. — This group consisted of young horses in fair flesh. They were fed during the first period on hay and a concentrate ration of oats 14 lbs., bran 1 lbs. They may be said to have held their own in the three weeks, since they changed only 12 lbs. in weight, a slight loss. During the second period they received the same hay ration and a concentrate ration of pure oats. They did somewhat better during this time, possibly due to lighter work. Group 2. — Strong mature horses in their prime, were fed during the first period on hay and a concentrate ration of bran and oats, 3 parts bran and 1 part oats. Dur- ing the 3 weeks they fell off 50 lbs. each, but when changed to a ration of equal parts bran and oats, and given lighter work, they continued to lose weight, though not so rapidly since they lost only 8 lbs. in the 3 weeks. Group 3. — Strong young horses 5 and 6 years old in good shape. This group were fed during the first period on a concentrate ration of 3 parts oats and 1 part bran. They made a slight gain, about 1 lb. per day, while on this ration, and when changed to a ration of 2 parts bran and 1 part oats during the second period neither gained nor lost during the 21 days. Group 4. — Large geldings aged 9 and 10 years. They were fed hay and pure oats during the first period, during which 21 days they lost 15 lbs. per head. The ration was changed to bran 1, oats 2, when they still lost, though not quite so heavily, dropping only 10 lbs. in the 21 days. Group 5. — Somewhat lighter horses, but in their prime were fed during the first period on hay and a concentrate ration made up of equal parts bran and oats. On this REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ration they made a gain of 5 lbs. each in the 21 days. They were changed to a ration 3 parts oats and 1 part bran during the second period, on which ration they gained 23 lbs. each in the 21 days. Taking the different rations in turn and examining them we find that : — On pure oats there was in 1 group a loss of 15 lbs. per period and a gain of 21 lbs. per i^eriod in the other group, a net gain of 6 lbs. in 6 weeks. On oats 2, bran 1 there was during first period a loss of 12 lbs. per horse and a further loss of 10 lbs. per horse during the second period, a total loss of 22 lbs. per horse in 6 weeks. On oats 1, bran 1 there was du^ring first period a gain of 5 lbs. per horse and a loss of 8 lbs. during the second period, or a net loss of 3 lbs. per horse in the 6 weeks. On oats 1, bran 3 there was during the first period a loss of 50 lbs. per horse, but a gain of 23 lbs. during the second period, showing a total loss of 27 lbs. per horse in the 6 weeks. On oats 1, bran 2 there was no change in 3 weeks. On oats 3, bran 1 there was a gain of 21 lbs. in 3 weeks. In conclusion, o\Tr experiments during 1905 go to corroborate our findings in 1904, v.-hen we concluded that bran might very safely and very profitably constitute a very large percentage of the meal ration of working horses. Probably equal parts bran and oats might be taken as a fair proportion in which to mix the two feeds. Where the mixture is being fed to horses with sound teeth there does not seem to be any particular advantage in grinding the oats. DAIRY CATTLE. The herd of dairy cattle during the year 1901 consisted of 35 females all told. They were: — Ayrshires .' 8 Guernseys 5 Canadians 5 Shorthorns 6 Shorthorn grades 2 Ayrshire grades 4 Guernsey grades 4 Canadian grades 1 FEEDING THE DAIRY CATTLE. Winter Feeding. The roughage ration for the winter months was made up of straw, roots, ensilage and clover hay. The straw was cut, the roots were pulped and a mixture in the pro- portions of 400 lbs. ensilage, 200 lbs. roots and 30 lbs. cut straw prepared every second day. This mixture being put in a solid pile fermented more or less in a few hours, and the whole mass became quite juicy and apparently very palatable to the cows by the time it was being fed. It was fed at the rate of about 40 lbs. -per 1,000 lbs. live weight of cows fed. The meal mixture this year was made up of bran 50 parts, ground oats 25 parts, oil meal 25 parts. This mixture was fed at the same time as the roughage. Each cow received meal in proportion to the amount of milk she was producing. The amount fed varied from 2 lbs. per day wp to 13 lbs. per day. The meal portion was thrown on top of the roughage the cow had just received and the whole mass given a slight stir so as to mix the meal with the roughage, thus ensuring the two being eaten together. After succulent roughage and meal had been consumed clover hay was fed at the rate 16— 4J 52 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 of about 2 lbs. per cow. The cows were fed in this way at 5.30 in the morning and 4 o'clock in the afternoon. SUMMER FEEDING. The cows were pastured as usual during the greater part of the summer months. They occupied one field of the three year rotation marked ' E ' on page 82, and re- ferred to there, as being under pasture in 1905. This field was able to carry about forty head of cattle for over two months and over thirty head for the next two months. When the pasture began to get bare it was supplemented by soiling crops cut and fed in the stables. A somewhat heavier grain ration was fed this year than during any previous year save 1904:, on account of the greater extent to which soiling was carried on. The meal ration in summer consisted of oats and bran about equal parts. It was fed in amounts varying with the milk yield of the cows being fed, save in the case of beifers with their first calves, which usually received more than their records seemed to call for as it was desired to encourage and to cultivate in them the habit of main- taining a heavy and uniform flow of milk during the whole lactation period. COST OF FEEDING. In estimating the cost of feeding, the following prices were charged for feed stuffs, being the average local market rates for the same during the season of 1905 save in the case of ensilage and roots, which are charged for at the rate usually affixed in experimental feeding in all parts of America. Pasture (per month) $ 1 00 per cow. Bran 16 00 per ton. Gluten meal and oil meal 25 00 " Oats and barley 21 00 " Clover hay 7 00 Chaff , 4 00 Roots and ensilage 2 00 " In estimating the value of the product, 20 cents per pound is allowed for the but- ter and 15 cents per hundred pounds for skim milk and butter milk. The butter is manufactured on the farm and sells on the market at from 22 to 30 cents per pound, an average of about 25 cents per pound during the last year. This leaves about 5 cents per pound for cost of manufacture. The following tables give in detail the particulars concerning each cow, herd statements for each of the pure bred herds, and monthly statements for all the herds combined. The monthly statements for the whole milking, herd show the total yield of milk for each month, its butterfat content, the amount of butter produced, the number of pounds of milk required for a pound of butter, and the average yield of milk per cow per diem. The highest average per cent fat was recorded in November and the lowest in February. DAIRY CATTLE REPORTS. During the year 35 different cows were miU\:ed for shorter or longer periods, as Indicated on the first page of my report on dairy cattle, whereas in the subjoined ' herd reports ' only 3 animals are reported upon in each breed. In almost any dairy herd of any size some cows will be found that for some reason have given milk during only a small part of any given year. Where a large number of cows are being considered, one or two such cases introduced in estimating the average does not materially affect the same, but where the herds to be compared REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 are small the consideration of one or two such cases in one herd and no such cases in another makes an unjust difference in favour of the latter herd. To overcome this difficulty as far as possible, the records of three of the best cows in each herd, and of cows that had been in milk for the greater part of the year, have been taken and the average estimated from these records, rather than from the records of all cows of that particular breed that happened to calve during the year. Eeport 1 is a summary of the more important points in connection with the year's work with the dairy herd. Eeport 2 contains the individual records of all cows that gave milk during the year. Eeport 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 give the herd records of the several pure bred and grade herds under test. REPonr I. General Summaey. No. of cows givingmilk for month . Lbs. of milk in m.oiitb . . Average for 1 day. . . Daily aver- age per cow Per cent fat Lbs. butter fat Lbs. butter. Lbs milk for 1 lb. b .tter 25 20,481 660-6 26-42 4-11 842-37 991-02 20 -6C 24 17,226 555-6 23 12 4-34 749 18 881-38 19 54 23 15,714 523-8 22-77 4-08 642 12 755-43 20-80 27 16,605 535-6 19-83 4-39 730-47 859-29 19-32 24 13,193 439-7 18-32 4-49 592 70 >, u eS 3 u a X! ci (0 >-5 fe 26 14,333 462-3 17-78 404 579 10 697-29 681-29 18-92 21 0^ 20 19 13,060 11,705 421-2 418-8 21 06 22-04 3-99 3 64 522-35 426-68 610-45 501-97 21-41 23 11 23 18,791 606 1 26-34 4-02 756 01 889-42 m 21,813 727-1 27-96 4-01 874.81 1029-30 2112 21-19 29 23,850 769 3 26-52 3-82 910-49 1071 05 22-26 27 22,166 738-8 27-36 3-96 879-45 1034-65 21-43 24-7 17-411 571-5 23-29 407 708-81 8S3-50 21-73 54 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS jnoq^i 'iv,B/i Urn -jnp MOO uo qyojj 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 • C5 05 iM C5 1^ M i^ in t~ Ci t^ to •* CO t- o lO CO o o t~ CO r^ in ci t^ in CO c-i rs cc o c. ci o 3cOt-hi^<0'MOC. 0'-iococ lOeOCOCOOC^ (MN IM (M(M (M(M T-lr-l i-l » JO •pa^09j -Sou J^ ^ I oi-uii>is 'J3;:}nq -qix ao qijoj j in-i4<05inTH05Ci--iiDin'^ioiococo(NTH (Ni-ic^it- O'-^'-i •pe^oa^Jdau 3jlicu-uiii[3 'jai:)nq •qi X aonpojd o; ijsoQ • inoorHccint-ii^inco"*-<*'ininoiH;Dir^r-fooocoot^C3coi-imc5C5cco'oc(3 Icccn©oooi-iOi^oor-i,-HS<]Mco-*coco(»«-*'in-<}'-jOt~Ccicoi'nc5Cst^oco-*ccin-*inTi-^coino-i4<1T'■^*<■>4^■>a^-tl-i<■^■*■5J^'*<■*■*■*■*■^•^^'•*^■a"^^T}^■#'f■^^TJH — CO CO CO >CicoocjovaiccjnciC!00ciOC5-*050i -esc-, ciooit^ ;V3C3CCCCCCOD0^5000OOOOOOOt-iOOOOCOOOi-IOO oooooco •uoj .lad /i5 ^fT? parquA 'if'eq ^fuuoiuy ci c; C5 o o cv ~ _ xooccvjcoxcc ccgo ©ocoooo CC M o o •uo^ lad g§ C('B parq -vx '119^130 aS^'[isua pire sqooj JO quuoiuy OOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO^OOOC^o;;;'©©©. t^COOCOC3t--COO— " ' " -^ -^ - -«,-. _^____-,. ,,. . _. oo . .. t^t^t-Tf-i I— T-l r-i I-I I-I rH i-l i-l rH i-i i-l t-l iH ■-! i-l rH ■qi .lad 'OX '^v panjuA t^ o t^ t- w o t^ ~ (^ o in m Tf< c: I— o Tfi C5 1^ Ci (M iM c-i (Ti ti •* o m m t~ CC — I - o CO 0'MC5T-i-*coin'-imino5(Ncoinc;'«<-*inr-'w?^co-*i-.omcco {Iirn lupis JO orq'CA ;-!ocom(McooincooT)j<'»icococoTtiMini^!McooC5 OTH'Mt^ot^inr-iccu5ininrH!:oc:iMt-(Mt^i-itoi^ini-i-^cooo5i-icoc;_^od co i-<^co_-: ^ 5 CO to 1—1 O h- CO :i.-D •flSy --..... . !/:r^'>fO O d^d :"r ■ : • :d :ddd _C3 -d^ : :d : : i^i ' " ' -5 o § s o 2-" c u^ p; t' s ri 3 O D o tc H ■>*< rHOCO IM 50 CO 00 t~- XSMC3 O 05iO lO CO t-© © O ii^ b- • ^ 5 C^ b- IC i t- JOOO-^ CS i-lt-lO rH rHCOIMt^ WOSOJ ©-Jjrf 93 (Ni-( 1 l< "* »0 "* ■* ■* IQ -r !M •"J" CO H CM IM CO C-5 C5 1 in in in in •*05i- H IC > (MCJif 5 C i •* icc: 5 00 1 C> CO ?« rH ?='?2C> - 1 O 1 O © 1 CI r-i • © Cl lO CC 1- < C > C2 00 « 3 OC ) O 05C 5 O 1 C505 1-1 b bco li 5 b 1 t-b 1 t~ b rH rH rH rH © 1— 1 O 1-1 c s i:: S 00 i-< iC S r- ^ coo-i 1 C5 r-l t^ X O rHC-1 C 5 lO O rH 1 X in rH X X ■^ ;c cr ) tz ) O 1^ .^ H C-. 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For the Canadian dairy farmer the chief aim in his feeding operations for milk production must ever be to produce the milk at as low a cost as possible. A not un- common error, however, if one may judge by the average returns from Canadian dairy herds, is to atterapt to lower cost by so decreasing the amount of food fed or by supply- ing food of such poor quality as to make heavy milk yields impossible. Profitable milk yields and very light rations do not go together. An abundance of food low in nutri- tive value is equally certain to prove unsatisfactory. To illustrate, a cow with the ca- pacity to consume 25 lbs. of dry matter per day will not be profitable if fed only 20 lbs. per day. Neither will she be likely to prove more profitable even though she receive the 25 lbs. of dry matter per day if that dry matter be made up chiefly of such coarse forage as straw and chaff. It must be borne in mind, however, that it is quite possible to feed too heavy a ration and also that one may easily feed a ration too rich in nutri- tive elements as for instance by feeding too large a proportion of meal in the ration. Our experiments and experience go to show that certain qualities should charac- terize rations for dairy cows if they are to prove satisfactory. In tlie first place the food should be so abundant as to quite satisfy the cow without encouraging her to leave any- thing over. In the second place it should be so palat^able as to induce her to eat all she can get. Lastly it should be so high in food value as to insure a sufiicient amount of material for milk production being left after life has been maintained. The best and most available aids to palatability at the command of the farmer are succulent feeds, such as roots and ensilage; while clover hay and bran are usually the most economical sources of such nutritive elements as are most essential for milk production. Of succulent feeds there is usually a sufficiency in summer, but even the summer supply frequently falls short in such districts as are heavily stocked. Of the two sea- sons it is quite certain that an abundance of gTeen feed in summer is even more im- portant than in winter, hence the necessity of every dairy farmer making provision by means of soiling crops of (1) pease and oats, (2) oats and vetches, (3) pease, oats and vetches, (4) clover, (5) alfalfa, (6) green corn or (7) white turnips, or possibly better still by means of (8) the summer silo filled with corn or clover ensilage. In winter, in addition to corn, clover or other ensilage, sugar beets, mangels and turnips may be provided and are certain to prove profitable additions to the dry ration usually fed. The value of a small amount of such succulent food in winter can scarcely be over- estimated. Where it is desired to feed stock very cheaply, yet in such a way as to insure good i-eturns during the winter and good preparation for the next summer's work, en- silage or roots are certainly the most economical foods that can be used. The amount of such foods to use will depend chiefly upon the supply, since the ration might quite easily include as much as 50 lbs. roots or 40 lbs. ensilage per average iiized adult animal. Hence if all of such food as could be fed were to be fed, a supply of from 5 to 8 tons should be provided for each full grown cow. This would of course provide for summer as well as for winter feeding. In feeding succulent foods probably the best preparation is to mix chaff, cut straw or cut hay in the proportion of 5 lbs. of one of them or a mixture of all three to 100 ensilage, or pulped roots or a mixture of the two. Probably the best roughage ration possible of preparation would be cut clover 5 lbs., puli>ed sugar beets 40 lbs., ensilage 60 lbs., mixed every second day in quantities suflacient for 48 hours feed and mixed, if passible, 6 hours before the first feed is to be fed therefrcton. Mangels are exceedingly valuable as feed for cows but not equal to sugar beets. Sugar beets it must be remem- bered, however, cost more per ton to produce. Turnips are not to be recommended for cows whose milk is to be manufactured into butter or cheese nor for herds from which cream is to be sold. Corn ensilage is probably about the best that could be provided. A mixture of good corn and second growth clover is, however, even more to be desired than pure corn ensilage. Clover ensilage if well made is of very high feeding value but is generally more difficult to procure of good quality iJiaii the com ensilage where REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 com will grow to a fair state of maturity. Pease and oats cut in tlie milk stage of the oats will make fair ensilage as will almost any other cereal and legume mixture cut at the same stage, but such mixtures seem to be rather unsatisfactory and are not com- monly used. For concentrates or meal feeds the common farm grains, oats, barley and pease do very well, particularly for summer feeding. In winter the addition of bran, shorts, oil meal, gluten, or cottonseed meal has been found to give excellent returns. The amount to feed should depend upon the possibilities of the cow as a milk pro- ducer and upon the stage she has reached in the lactation period. Very heavy meal rations are not as a rule as profitable as those of medium character. The meal had better be fed along with the roughage. KEEPING RECORDS. The effort to interest dairymen in the returns from their individual cows has been continued, and many farmers seem to be awakening to a knowledge of the fact that the improvement of the whole herd demands the study of the unit; that is, a close acquaintance with the expenditure upon the individual cow and the returns from the Bame. This can be determined in no other way than by keeping an exact record of the daily milk yield. A record of the daily food consumption would also be of great use if it could be kept. Many farmers who have been keeping such records for some time report very strongly in favour of this line of work. As soon as the farmer sets to work to know what his cows are doing by keeping a record he finds himself much more closely in touch with his business. He sees at once the effect of better care and better feeding. He notes the great difference in leturns between the best and the worst cows in his herd and cannot help but determine to get rid of the poor ones and replace them with good ones. Even the poor cows are improved because better feeding is almost certain to be tried and quite certainly poor feeding is responsible for many of our unprofitable dairy cows and even for many un- profitable dairy herds. To facilitate the keeping of such records and to help in the building up of dairy- ing interests in Canada forms similar to the following are supplied on application : — DAIRY RHLK RECORD. Herd belonging to . _ (This form supplied free by Live Stock Post Office Division, Central Experimental Record for week ending Farm, Ottawa, Ont.) COWS. Day. Time. Total for Day. Sunday Mornin:^ Evening . . . . Monday Morning. . . Tuesday Morning . . . Evening Wednesday Morning Evening Thursday Morning Evening Friday Morning Evening Saturday Morning Evening Week — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Total 58 EXPERIMEtiTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906 (Reverse) Central Experimental Farm. Wm. Saunders, Director. J. H. Grisdale, Live Stock and Agriculture. MILK RECORDS. 1. The profitable dairy cow must give over 5,000 pounds of milk each year. To ler day for 11 days before feeding of ' spirit grains ' began 80^ " Milk yielded by group first day of 11-day period 81^ " Milk yielded by group average of last 7 days before feed- ing ' spirit grains ' 79% " Average yield of milk per day for 17 days while being fed ' spirit grains ' 79| " Average yield of milk per day during first week on * spirit grains ' 75% " Average yield of milk for last 3 days on ' spirit grains ' . . 83 " Rate of decrease ^% Normal rate of decrease for period 5% The above data appear to show a tendency on the part of the cattle to increase in milk flow while being fed ' spirit grains ' once the effects of the change of feed was passed. Such a tendency on the part of cows being fed a certain ration is exactly what indicates a good sort of food being fed. Since the only change made in the 60 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906 ration was in the substitution of ' spirit grains ' for meal, ' spirit grains was evidently a. good food. PEA DUST. Four cows of different breeding were used in tlie trial. To make a comparison of * pea dust ' with the regular ration made up of bran G parts, oats 3 parts and oil meal 3 parts possible a record is given of the feed and milk for 11 days immediately pre- vious to the 17 days during which the regular meal ration was replaced by ' pea dust.' The ' pea dust ' was not very well liked by the animals and some little difficulty was experienced in getting them to eat as great a weight of it as they had been eating of the regular meal mixture. The data given below show the estimation in which this bye-product may be held as a feed for cows in milk. It will, of course, be remembered that under favourable conditions cows might be expected to fall ofi about 5 per cent in the time covered by the experiment. Number of cows under test 4 Average meal ration (bran, oats, oil meal before test) .... 8 lbs. Average hay ration before test 5 " Average ensilage and roots ration before test 60 " Average yield of milk per day during 11 days while on regular meal ration 88fii " Milk produced by group first day of 11-day period 89 J " Milk produced by group average of last Y days before being fed ' pea dust ' 87^/7 " Average yield of milk per day for 17 days while being fed 'pea dust' 84J " Average yield of milk per day for fii'st week while being fed 'pea dust' 85f^ " Average yield of milk per day for last 3 days while being fed ' pea dust ' 85^ " Rate of decrease 4J% Normal rate of decrease for period 5% The above data show that ' pea dust,' in spite of being somewhat unpalatable to cows is a most excellent ration for milk production. The cows, though not eating qiiite as much of the ' pea dust ' as of the regular meal, did quite as well when fed on ' pea dust ' as when on the regular meal mixture. FEEDING REFUSE APPLES TO DAIRY COWS. Another test has been made of the value of apples as a food for milk production. Apples were fed at the rate of 22 lbs. per day during 4 weeks, with the result that there was a slight increase in the rate of milk production as compared with a considerable decrease when apples were not fed. The following table gives all data of the ex- periment : — REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 m C ,«q _tn-Wi ->n«»oni -ei >^ 1) '"in O: P5 >*< 00 C5 t^ N tDOO ooooococa-'ifr-iCi'MOoot^ O OMrH .H O (M CO lOr^COOiOlOlOOlClO R ^ 1^ O O r-l II M 0 ?5 |& oj a -•TJ-trj -*« ■ 1 f' I'Ji •rt^rw '+*-iM o ■<*• in CO c CT-r^MtS.-IOCCOCilMCCCOI'l'M-^'M '?■ eo O CO 1-1 •>r :0 O iM »0 I- lOr-iI^OOlCOOOO C5 O (MrHsiC: t- b -< -§3 ^••+ ^ + + 3 rrj != vo CO r® ^O, o CO a 5 J^ to CC — CO -^ TT l^ O !M ; ;OTlo t-in. ' i =^?^'^ £ OS'S e o-o >> , (D be be ■u S 2 «« 62 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 BEEF PEODTJCTION. EXPERIMENTS EN 1903-4. The lines of experiment followed in the winter of 1903-4 were: — Influence of age on cost of beef; influence of manner of housing, i.e., feeding loose vs. feeding tied; baby beef; values of feeds. The steer feeding operations may be considered successful from a financial point of view since the selling price covered the cost of the steers, the cost of the feed at market prices, and left a good margin for profit. Eull particulars are given in the group reports. Of course it must always be remembered in reading the reports that the cost of caring for and feeding the steers is not included in the estimate of the cost of produc- tion. There is not the least doubt but that where feeding OT>erations are conducted in such a manner as to require a reasonable amount of labour for the number of animals fed the manure is of a value quite equal to the cost of the labour. In our beef feeding operations here high values are put on hay, straw ensilage and roots, while the market prices are charged for meal of all kinds. If only cost of pro- duction were charged for the straw, hay, roots, ensilage and such meal as is produced on the farm a very much higher margin of profit could be shown and there would still be saved the cost of marketing, a no small item for roots, hay and straw>, to say noth- ing of ensilage. Further, by beef feeding operations where it is not convenient or not desired to keep dairy cattle on the farm much valuable fertilizing material is kept on the farm that would otherwise have been lost, hence the feeder should be satisfied with somewhat smaller returns than might be expected from the sale of the raw material. SHORT FEED \'S. LONG FEED. ISTot infrequently the feeder when starting his operations in the fall is uncertain as to whether he should try to fit for an early or a late market. Generally speaking it may be said that steers rushed for an early market put on gains considerably more cheaply than those fed for a longer time. Further, steers fed for a short period are likely to consume relatively more roughage in comparison with the necessary meal than are those fed for a long period. To illustrate the two points made, lot A (discussed below) fed for 127 days cost $6.76 to lay on 100 lbs. of increase in live weight and consumed only 4,937 lbs. of meal along with 68,328 lbs. roots and ensilage about 1 of meal to 14 of roots and ensilage, while lot B, fed for 202 days consumed 10,35SJ lbs. meal along with only 91,558 lbs. ensilage and roots or about 1 of meal to 9 of roots and ensilage. The rates of gain as will be seen below were practically the same. Lot 'A ' — Short Feed Steers. Number of steers in lot 9 First weight, gross, Nov. 12, 1904 . 10,880 lbs. First weight, average 1,209 " Finished weight, gross, Mar. 21, 1905 12,995 " Finished weight, average 1,444 " Total gain in 127 days 2,115 " Average gain per steer 235 " Daily gain for lot, 9 steers 10-65 " Daily gain per steer 1 -85 " Gross cost of feed •$ 143 J 5 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 6 76 Cost of steers, 10,880 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 435 20 Total cost to produce beef 578 35 Sold, 12,995 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent. ... 623 80 Profit on lot 45 45 REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Net profit per steer $ 5 05 Average buying price per steer 48 35 Average selling price per steer 69 30 Average increase in value 20 95 Average cost of feed for steer 15 90 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 9 steers 4,937 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 68,328 Amount of hay 7,092 Amount of straw eaten 252 Lot ' B ' — Long Feed Steers. Number of steers in lot 9 First weight, gross, Nov. 12, 1904. . . 9,380 lbs. First weight, average 1,042 Finished weight, gross 12,720 Finished weight, average, June 2, 1905 1,413 Total gain in 202 days 3,340 Average gain per steer 371 Daily gain per steer 1-83 Daily gain for lot, 9 steers 16-53 Gross cost of feed $ 246 74 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 7 38 Cost of steers, 9,380 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 375 20 Total cost to produce beef 621 *94 Sold, 12,720 lbs. at $6 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent. . . . 732 72 Profit on lot 110 78 Net profit per steer 12 31 Average buying price per steer 41 69 Average selling price per steer 81 49 Average increase in value 39 80 Average cost of feed for steer 27 41 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 9 steers 10,356^ lbs. Amnnnt of ensilage and roots 91,558 " Amount of hay 14,656 " Amount of straw eaten 126 " INFLUENCE OF AGE ON COST OF BEEF. Cost of producing beef with three-year olds, two-year olds, yearlings and calves. Since in connection with other work in steer feeding an opportunity occurred to give the influence of age on cost of bsef production another trial, it was done, and reported on below in detail. A study shows the following peculiarities revealed : — Ages. Daily Gain. Cost 100 lbs. Gain. Three-year-olds Two-year-olds Yearlings Skim milk calves, new born under 8 months . Lbs. S cts 1-65 6 52 2-16 5 99 200 4 30 1-54 3 40 61 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Lot ' C '—(Three-year Olds). Number of steers in lot 9 First weight, gross 10,875 lbs. First weight, average 1,208 " Finished weight, gross 12,760 " Finished weight, average 1,418 " Total gain in 127 days 1,895 " Average gain per steer 210 " Daily gain for lot, 9 steers 14.88 " Daily gain per steer 1.65 " Gross cost of feed $123 61 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 6 52 Cost of steers, 10,875 lbs. at 4c. per 100 lbs 434 00 Total cost to produce beef 557 61 Sold, 13,035 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 625 70 Profit on lot 68 09 Net profit per steer 7 55 Average buying price per steer 48 22 Average selling price per steer 69 52 Average increase in value 21 30 Average cost of feed for steer 13 73 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 9 steers 3,318 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 67,536 " Amount of hay 6,930 " Amount of straw eaten 252 " Lot ' D ' — Two-year-olds. Number of steers in lot 7 First weight, gross 7,490 lbs. First weight, average 1,070 " Finished weight, gross 9,415 " Finished weight, average 1,345 " Total gain in 127 days 1,925 " Average gain per steer 275 " Daily gain for lot, 7 steers 15 -15 " Daily gain per steer 2 '16 " Gross cost of feed $ 109 51 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 5 99 Cost of steers, 7,490 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 299 60 Total cost to produce beef 409 11 Sold, 9,415 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 451 95 Profit on lot 42 84 Net profit per steer 6 12 Average buying price per steer 42 80 Average selling price per steer ' 64 76 Average increase in value 21 96 Average cost of feed for steer 15 64 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 7 steers 2,635 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 50,116 " Amount of hay 9,443 " Lot ' E' — Steers over 8 Months Old. Number of steers in lot 6 First weight, gross 2,900 lbs. REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST m SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 First weight, average 483 lbs. Finished weight, gross 5,220 " Finished weight, average 870 " Total gain in 193 days 2,320 " Average gain per steer • 387 " Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 12 " Daily gain per steer 2 " Gross cost of feed. Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. ... $ 99 76 Cost of 100 lbs. gain, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905 4 30 Average cost of feed for steer, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1005 f 16 63 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 4,682 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots .'. . . 33,910 " Amount of hay 5,388 " Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 1,509 lbs.; oil meal, 984 lbs.; bran, 1,785 lbs.; corn, 276 lbs.; shorts, 138 lbs. Lot ' F' — Steers under 8 Months Old. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross. May 12, 1905 795 lbs. First weight, average 159 " Finished weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1905 2,345 " ■Finished weight, average 469 •' Total gain in 201 days 1,550 " Average gain per steer 310 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7 '71 " Daily gain per steer 1"54 " Gross cost of feed $ 52 70 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 40 Average cost of feed for steer 10 54 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,210 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 6,790 " Amount of hay 2,055 " Amount of skim milk 11,350 " EXPEEIMENTS WITH BABY BEEF. The > experiments to determine the cost of producing beef at an early age have been continued and are reported upon below. BEEF FROM STEERS AT 2 YEARS OLD. The first reports submitted in this line are those that have to do with calves dropped in April, 1903. These reports speak for themselves. Lot ' G ' — Limited Growing Ration Steers, Dropped in 1903. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1904 3,690 lbs. First weight, average 738 " Finished weight, gross, June 20, 1905 5,200 " 16—5 :66 EXPERIMENTAL FAEM8 5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906 Finished weight, average 1,040 lbs. Total gain in 207 days 1,510 " Average gain per steer 302 Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7-20 " Daily gain per steer 1 -iG " Gross cost of feed $ 94 S9 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 6 28 Average cost of feed per steer for 207 days 18 98 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,782 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 45,139 " ' Amount of hay 5,354 " Amount of straw eaten 1,181 " Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 262 lbs.; corn, 840 lbs.; oil meal, 560 lbs.; bran, 350 lbs. ; shorts, 455 lbs. ; mixed crop, 315 lbs. Lot 'U' — Full Faitening Ration, Dropped April, 1903. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1904 4,950 lbs. First weight, average 990 " Finished weight, gross, Mar. 20, 1905 5,865 " Finished weight, average 1,173 " Total gain in 110 days 915 " Average gain per steer 183 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 8-30 " Daily gain per steer 1 '66 " Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904 to Mar. 20, 1905 $ 66 64 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 7 28 Average cost of feed for steer 19 73 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 5,444 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 36,973 " Amount of hay 5,130 " Amount of straw eaten 481 " Meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 272 lbs. ; oil meal, 1,648 lbs. ; bran, 2,029 lbs. ; shorts, 522 lbs. ; mixed meal, 514 lbs. ; corn, 459 lbs. Lot 'I' — Full Fattening Ration, Dropped April, 1903. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross. May 1, 1903. . .• 565 lbs. First weight, average 113 " Finished weight, gross . . . . 7 6,480 " Finished weight, average 1,296 " Total gain in 766 days 5,915 " Average gain per steer 1,083 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7-72 " Daily gain per steer 1-54 " Gross cost of feed $ 285 91 ° Cost of TOO lbs. gain 4 83 Cost of steers 25 00 Total cost to produce beef $25 + $285.91 310 91 Sold, 6,480 lbs. at $6 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent. ... 373 26 Profit on lot 62 35 REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTVRIST 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Net profit per steer $12 47 Average buying price per steer 5 90 Average selling price per steer 74 65 Average increase in value 69 65 Average cost of feed for steer 57 18 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 11,585 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 81,805 " Amount of hay 8,800 " Amount of straw eaten 2,021 " Amount of siigar beet pulp (dried) 378 " Green feed (soiling crops) 9,408 '" Amount of skim milk 6,775 " On pasture (lot) 1 Mo. Meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 3,033 lbs. ; bran, 3,416 lbs. ; oil meal, 2,875 lbs.; shorts, 635 lbs.; gluten, 644 lbs.; corn, 459 lbs.; mixed meal (oats, pease, barley and wheat), 514 lbs. Lot 'J' — Limited Growing Ration Steers, Dropped in 1903. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross 500 lbs. First weight, average 100 " Finished weight, gross 5,200 " Finished weight, average 1,040 '' Total gain in 786 days 4,700 " Average gain per steer 940 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 5*95 " Daily gain per steer 1-19 " Gross cost of feed $ 205 17 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 4 37 Cost of steers 25 00 Total cost to produce beef, $187.17 + $25 230 17 Sold, 5,200 lbs. at $5.50 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 274 58 Profit on lot 44 39 Net profit per steer 8 89 Average buying price per steer 5 00 Average selling price per steer 54 91 Average increase in value 49 91 Average cost of feed for steer 37 43 Amoimt of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 5,122 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 90,285 " Amount of hay 8,931 " Amount of straw eaten 2,371 Pasture (50 cents per month) 30 Mos. Soiling crop 15,430 lbs. BEEF FROM STEERS AT 13i MONTHS. STEERS DROPPED APRIL, 1904. The heavily fed lot of the 2 lots put on experiment May 1, 1904, were in such good shape in June, 19C5. that it was decided to sell them, as $5.50 per 100 lbs. live weight was offered. Reports follow.. The beef from these steers was exceedingly tender, very fat, and of excellent flavour, r 16— 5J 68 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Lot ' K' — {Limited Growing Ration Steers; Dropped April, lOOIi). Number of steers in lot G First weight, gross 2,530 lbs. First weight, average 422 " Weight on going to grass. May 18, 1905 4,020 " Average weight, May 18, 1905 670 " Total gain in 169 days 1,490 '' Average gain per steer 248 " Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 8 . 82 " Daily gain per steer 1.47 '" Grcss cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to May 18, 1905 $58 66 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 95 Average cost of feed for steer 9 77 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 1,478 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 32,040 '' Amount of hay 2,574 " Amount of straw eaten 1,684 '• Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 467 lbs.; oil meal, 408 lbs.; bran, 603 lbs. Lot 'L! — Full Fattening Ration Steers, Dropped April, WOJf.. Number of steers in lot 6 First weight, gross, Dec, 1904 2,900 lbs. First weight, average 483 Finished weight, gross 5,220 Finished weight, average 870 Total gain in 193 days 2,320 Average gain per steer 387 Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 12 Daily gain per steer 2 Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. ... $99 76 Cost of 100 lbs. gain, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. . 4 30 Average cost of feed for steer, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905 16 63 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 4,682 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roets 33,910 Amount of hay 5,388 Amount of meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 1,509 lbs. ; oil meal, 974 lbs. ; bran, 1,785 lbs.; corn, 276 lbs.; shorts, 138 lbs. Lot ' J/ ' — Full Fattening Ration Steers, Dropped April, IQOIf. Number of steers in lot 6 First weight, gross, May 1, 1904 740 lbs. First weight, average 123 Finished weight, gross 5,220 Finished weight, average 870 Total gain in 407 days 4,480 " Average gain per steer 746 Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 11-00 Daily gain per steer 1 "83 Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. ... $ 99 76 REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST 69 SESSIONAL PAPER IMc. 16 Cost of 100 lbs. gain, Dec. 1, 190i, to June 12, 1905. ... $4 30 Cost of steers up to Dec 1, lOO^^Feed, $59.83; buying price, $30 89 83 Cost of lOO lbs. gain— May 1, 1901, to Nov. 30, 1904 2 77 Total cost of steers at 407 days or 13J months old. . 189 59 Sold, 5,220 lbs. at $5.50 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 275 66 Profit on lot 86 07 Xet profit per steer 14 34 Average value of steer at birth. . * 5 00 Average selling price per steer 45 94 Average increase in value, allowing $5 as value of calf when dropped 40 94 Average cost of feed for steer 26 59 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers in 407 days. . 6,707 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 43,150 " Amout of hay 6,900 " Amount of green feed, clover, mixed crop cut green, rape, &e 9,408 " Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 2,289 lbs.; oil meal, 1,145 lbs.; bran, 2,523 lbs.; corn, 276 lbs.; shorts, 138 lbs.; barley meal, 336 lbs. Lot ' N' — Limited Growing Ration Steers, Dropped April, 190Jf. Number of steers in lot 6 First weight, gross 490 lbs. First weight, average 81 " Total weight May 18, 1905. 4,020 •' Average weight. May 18, 1905 670 " Total gain in 3S3 days 3,530 " Average gain per steer 588 " Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 9 '18 " Daily gain per steer 1 -53 " Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to May 18, 1905. ... $ 58 66 Cost of 100 lbs! gain, Dec. 1, 1904, to May 18, 1905. ... 3 95 Cost of steers up to Dec. 1, 1904 — Feed, $57.90; buying , price, $30 87 90' Cost of 100 lbs. gain. May 1, 1904, to Nov. 30, 1904. ... 2 83 Total cost of steers at 383 days or 12| mos. old 146 56 Value of steers May 18, 1905, going on grass 4,020 lbs. at 3i 140 70 Loss on lot 5 86 Net loss per steer 0 97 Average buying price per steer 5 00 Average value of steer at 12§ mos. old 23 45 Average increase in value, allowing f5 value of calf when dropped IS 45 Average cost of feed for steer 19 43 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 3,350 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 42,882 " Amount of hay 4,173 " Amount of straw eaten 1,684 " Amount of green feed, clover, mixed crop cut green, rape, &c 7,266 " Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 1,247 lbs.; oil meal, 504 lbs.; barley, 273 lbs.; bran, 1,332 lbs. 70 EXPERIMENTAL i ARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 CALVES DROPPED APRIL, 1905. These lots have not done quite so well as those dropped in 1904, but will, it is evident make excellent animals when 6 months older. Lot ' 0 ' — Limited Growing Ration, Dropped 1905. Number of steers in lot 5 First weight, gross, May 12, 1905. . *. 490 lbs. First weight, average 98 " Finished weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1905 1,800 " Finished weight, average 360 " Total gain in 201 days 1,310 " Average gain per steer 262 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 6-53 " Daily gain per steer 1 '30 " Gross cost of feed $ 46 97 Ccst of 100 lbs. gain 3 58 Average cost of feed for stc^r 9 39 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,050 lbs. Amount of ensilage and roots 5,720 " Amount of hay 1,582 " Amount of skim milk 10,825 " Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 733 lbs.; bran, 907 lbs.; barley, 228 lbs.; Gluten, 182 lbs. Lot ' P' — Full Fattening Ration, Dropped 1905, Number of .steers in lot 5 First weight, gross. May 12, 1905 795 lbs. First weight, average 159 " Finished weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1905 2,345 " Finished weight, average 469 " -Total gain in 201 days 1,550 " Average gain per steer 310 " Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7-71 " Daily gain per steer 1 "54 " Gross cost of feed $ 52 70 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 40 Average cost of feed for steer 10 54 Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,210 " Amount of ensilage and roots 6.790 " Amount of hay 2,055 " Amount of skim milk 11,350 " Meal consumed consistetl of : Oats, 840| lbs. ; bran, 960 lbs. ; and barley, 175 lbs. SWINE FEEDING. I have to report a rather unsuccessful year with swine. The rather poor showing made is due to various causes chief among them being the frequent change of men. The regular feeder was called away several times for considerable periods and it was not REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 always possible to replace him wi-th a man who could do the work satisfactorily, and very considerable losses were suffered. The experiment with the small pig farm is being continued and will be reported upon more fully at a later date. A report of the crops grown on this area will be found on page 84. EXPERIMENTS, A number of swine are constantly being fed in an experimental way. The work done this year was along the lines of (1) economy of production, (2) type of pig as influenced by feed and environment or conditions tmder which they were fed. Five lots of 5 pigs each were fed as follows : — Lot 1. Meal, Alfalfa pasture. Lot 2. Meal, clover pasture. Lot 3. Meal, root pasture. Lot .4. Meal no supplementary food in pens. Lot 5. Meal, roots fed in pens. Eeports of the different lots follow. All pigs were fed on the same meal mixture shorts, 500 lbs. ; oil meal, 30 lbs. ; gluten, 10 lbs. Lot 1 — Alfalfa Pasture. No. of pigs in lot 5 Weight to start Sept. 10, 1005 529 lbs. Average weight to start 106 Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 T75 " Average weight to finish 155 Total gain in 35 days 246 " Average gain per pig in period of 35 days 49 Daily rate of gain 1-4 Food consumed in addition to pasture, meal 1,002 " Cost of food $ 9 02 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 67 The pigs had about i acre of alfalfa. Good effect on form and health of animals. Lot 2 — Red Clover Pasture. No. of pigs in lot 5 Weight to start, Sept. 10, 1905 455 lbs. Average weight to start 91 " Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 716 " Average weight to finish 143 " Average gain per pig in 35 days 32 " Total gain in 35 days 259 " Daily rate of gain 1 '5 " Food consumed in addition to pasture, meal 1,012 " Value of food apart from pasture $9 10 Cost of 100 lbs. gain, pasture neglected 3 52 The pigs had about ^ acre of clover. Good effect on form and health of animals. 72 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. i90f Lot 3 — Hoot Pasture. Mangels, Bngar mangels, sugar beets, carrots and turnii^s. No. of pigs in lot -. 5 Weio-ht to start Sept. 10, 1905 509 lbs. Average weight to start 102 '' Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 745 " Average weight to finish 149 " Total gain in 35 days 230 " Average gain per pig in 35 days 47 " Daily rate of gain 1.31 " Food consumed in addition to pasture ^. . . 1,002 " Value of food apart from pasture $9 02 Cost of 100 lbs. gain, pasture neglected 3 82 Pigs ate roots of all kinds but turnips quite greedily, following them down quite deep into the ground in the case of sugar beets and carrots. In the 35 days they ate the roots off an area of Y7 feet long and 40 feet wide. This system of feeding has a tendency to develop the paunch and must be used with caution. Lot J{. — No Faslure — {Fed in Fens). No. of pigs in lot 5 Weight to start Sept. 10, 1905 248 lbs. Average weight to start 50 " Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 501 " Average weight to finish 100 " Total gain in 35 days 253 " Average gain per pig 50?- " Daily rate of gain 1.45 " Food consumed, meal 1,202 " Value of food $10 81 Cost of 100 lbs. gain 4 23 This method of feeding seemed to have a tendency to make rather short flabby pigs. Lot 5 — Boots and Meal (Fed inside). No. of pigs in lot 5 Weight to start Sept. 10, 1905 262 lbs. Average weight to start. 52 " Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 570 " Average weight to finish 114 " Total gain in 35 days 308 " Average gain per pig 611 " Daily rate of gain 1 "77 " Amount of meal consumed 1,002 " Value of meal $ 9 02 Cost of 100 lbs. gain meal alone 2 93 Root^ consumed 483 lbs. Value of roots 0-49 Total cost to produce pork $ 10 51 Cost 100 lbs. gain meal and roots 3 09 This method of feeding had a good effect on the form of the animals making them come as near the ideal bacon type as could be desired. PASTURING PIGS ON RIPE PEAS. An acre of peas on the hog rotation were allowed to ripen and pigs turned out to pasture on them. The returns in pork were not satisfactory but the effect of the exer- EFFORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 cise and the pease together was wonderfully beneficial so far as form of pigs was con- cerned and so far as fitting them for finishing off for the packer when brought into the pens. UTILIZATION OF FEED. An examination into the supply of feed produced on the ' 200 acre Farm/ the ex- perimental plots of roots and corn, and the meal or grain piirchased for use in the bams, together with a detailed statement of the disposal thereof, and a statement of the kinds of grain and meal consumed from July 1, 1904 to June 30, 19C5, f ollovrs : — Summary of Feed of all kinds used for Stock on 200 acre Farm from July 1, 1904 to June 30, 1905. Grown on 200 acre farm, crop of 190-1 Received from Cereal Division . Received from Distribution Division (small grain) Purchased , Total supplied during year Consumed during year On hand Jime 30, 1905. . . Straw. lbs. 1()8.G.35 10,000 130^055 309.290 294,511 4,000 Grain or Meal. lbs. 92,197 9,519 8,671 383,709 494,090 435,559 58,537 Roots and Ensilage. lbs. 1,364,030 307,384 1,07!,414 1,116,123 100,000 Hay. lbs. 376,387 22,330 398,717 342,471 5,000 Disposition of Feed harvested on, and bought for use of Live Stock on 200 Acre Farm. 19 Horses 73 Steers 44 Milch cows 48 Young stock and bulls 70 Sheep 200 Swine Supplied to Poiiltrjr division II II Veterinary laboratory , Loss by experimental curing , Total accounted for . Amount harvested and received On hand June 30, 1905. Shrinkage or loss . . . . Hay. lbs. 138, 79, 46, 37, 19, 700 721 755 702 458 ,5.35 600 342,471 308,717 5,000 51,246 Grain and Meal. lbs. 126,«41 59,185 66,343 36,554 9,458 129,135 24,792 3,551 435,559 494,096 58,537 Corn and Roots. lbs. 20,500 358,356 375,884 298,981 12,000 15,905 5,827 3,070 25,000 1,116,123 1,671,414 100,C.OO 455,291 Straw. lbs. 36,500 95,743 46,153 5(»,921 11,6.50 40,500 13,044 294,511 309,290 4,000 10,779 The meal consumed consisted of: — Lbs. Oats 171,936 Barley 19,303 Bran 96,600 Shorts 65,000 Oil meal 35,100 Various feeds •• 47,5G0 Total 435,559 74 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 LIVE STOCK INVENTORIES. Horses Shorlha-cns — Vme breds (17) and grades (4). Guernseys — Pure breds (15) and grades (6). Ayrshires — Pure breds (20) and grades (5). Canadians^ Pure breds (10) and grades (4). Steers Sheep - Swine July 1, 1904. Number on hand. Value. S cts. JcxE 30, 1905. Number handled during year. 3,495 COi 2,040 Ooi 28 2,5G0 00 10[ 1,075 00 22; 440 00 60 1,020 00 2,090 00 Total 25 23 29 15 73 70 200 12,720 00 454 Number on hand. 19 21 21 25 14 IC Value. S cts. 4,510 00 2,5.30 00 2,800 00 1,6.50 00 300 00 Returns of all descrip- tions. 49: 1,170 00 117 2,255 CO! 1,316 07 S cts. 3,458 40 95G 43 898 67 918 66 445 09 1,787 90 115 08 Gross Re- turns, made up of increase in value, value of pioducts and value of animals sold. 8 cts. 3,458 40 1,971 43 1,388 67 1,158 66 1,020 09 1,647 90 265 08 1,481 07 282- 15,215 col 9,896 30 12,391 30 SUMMAEY OF LIVE STOCK OPERATIONS. RETURNS. Gross returns from animals of all classes, including value of products, values of services and increase in value of young stock $12,391 30 Manure, 1,200 tons 1,200 00 Total $13^5917^0 F.XPEXDITURE. Value of Food Consumed. Meal $4,355 59 Hay 1,198 86 Roots and ensilage 1,116 12 Whole milk, 18,000 lbs ISO 00 Skim-millv, 200,000 lbs 300 00 Straw, 147 tons at $4 per ton 588 00 Cost of labour in connection with care of horses, cattle, sheep and swine : — Herdsman $ 700 00 Two men at $450 1,080 00 Three men at $504 1,512 00 Extra help, teaming, (fce 415 02 ~$3,707 02 3,707 02^ $11,445 59 Balance 2,145 71 SUMMARY OF FARMING AND LIVE. STOCK OPERATIONS ON ' 200-ACRE FARM,' 1905. RETURNS. Total value of return from fields $ 5,590 08 Total value of returns from live stock 13.591 30 Total returns ."$197l81 38 $19,181 38 REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPEXDITURE. Total cost of field operations (see page 90).$ 3,858 18 Total cost of live stock operations (see page 74) 11,445 59 Total expenditure $15,303 77 ■ $15,303 77 Balance 3,877 Gl CROPS. I liave to report a fairly successful year for all kinds of crops grown. The season was peculiarly favourable for hay and pasture. It was, however, rather difficult to cure the hay properly hence the quality is not quite so good as might be desired. The kinds of hay grown this year were timothy, mixed timothy and red clover, red clover and alfalfa, red clover and orchard grass. The red clover fields and the field of alfalfa and orchard grass were cut twice. Some of the fields of red clover gave about 5^ tons per acre of cured hay in two cuttings. The pasture, a field of 14 acres, was able to carry an equivalent of 30 cows for five months. During about half that period they were being fed some green feed or ensilage as well as a small meal ration, in addition to the pasture. The only cereal sown was oats. The variety grown was the Banner. Where soil conditions were favourable the returns were fairly good, some fields going as high as GQ^ bushels per acre. The quality was for the most part very good. The crop of straw was rather heavy in comparison with the grain, due to the rather damp season. On the black muck areas weeds came so thickly as to necessitate cutting certain parts while yet green. The mixture of grass, oats and weeds so cut was fed to the cattle. This of course had the effect of lowering average yield per acre as the crop- less areas had to be counted in when estimating average yields per acre. The grass, clover and alfalfa seeds sown on the different fields came up well, and did exceedingly well all summer and till late in the fall, making a fine promise for good crops of hay next year. Corn was a very heavy crop this year. Some fields yielded an average of over 20 tons per acre, although about 20 per cent of the crop was a small growing variety, Longfellow. The varieties grown were Longfellow, Selected Leaming, and Early Mastodon. Longfellow was almost ripe when cut about September 20, Selected Leaming was glazing or in the dough stage, and the Early Mastodon was in about the same condi- tion. The average yield from 40 acres was about 18 tons per acre, large and small varieties all taken together. The quality of the ensilage produced is very excellent, showing a very high percentage of dry matter. One sample taken from silage made from Early Mastodon was found by Mr. Shutt, our chemist, to contain about 26 per cent of dry matter. The silage from the Selected Leaming and Longfellow is no doubt even richer in food content. As will be seen by a glance at the reports below the cost to produce the crops was very high per acre. On account of the high yield, however, the cost per ton in the silo is comparatively low. Mangels, sugar mangels, sugar beets, carrots, swedes, white turnips, yellow Aber- deens, kohl rabi, cabbage, 1,000 headed kale and rape were all grown in greater 'or lesser quantities. On account of the wet season the cost to grow an acre of roots was very great. The yield was high, however, so the cost of roots per ton was not unusually high. Mange"'s are found to be the most satisfactory root to grow on this land. Sugar mangels, while not yielding as good a crop per acre, supply a peculiarly good feed for cattle and are grown in moderate quantities for that reason. Sugar beets yielded very well this year. They are particularly valuable as feed for swine. Kohl rabi are very welcome to sheep. The 1,000 headed kale is also relished by sheep, and is prob- ably superior to rape as a fall feed. Cabbages were fed to sheep. 76 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190: u >vO o [ rt r^ t+^ > S"-."^ o P' ■^ p 5 S O '£ •2 o "S o +3 = n o 'S s ..s s •2 a! s 13 o a u o ^ ^ 2 ^ ^'3 « c3 a; c3 Si h '*^ O S -2 "3 03 13 O O > t, oj ^3 3 ^ 8 s t^-a s 3 o "J O > "^ r; ^ C CTJ S " 2 !10 OJ o " O O rt 0 >i O t, § Cj a OJ Oj o_ m xfi zn xn 'Ji P3 25 '2d : o^'g. ^^ rt rt S: »'rt sh >- P S ^^ > - a) . g P° o • .i: c to « 03 : ;::: d o 02 fe : Q < •saaoy rH : lO CO o UI eajy •ei^^t'O JO o CO O CI O CO o O Ci o o Cd jaqtan^ r-1 H ^-g. ^-a ^-"O j,_ 13 jj d tS rt c2 cSV eS c3 orj "§ 3 «"^ •S9.10Y o C SOCtOPCO -^fi P-l Ul t!9JY •<1< Cs Oi D 0) 0) 4^ JJ ^J -43 -W t+-t »+^ t4_| M-< <*-( 1 C3 ^ ^ ^ ^ -ic HO) t5 •suox o CI- ^ o- c 5 -A c-i c<- n! lo c- c 5 O o o o o ■ oc c •5 Ci C2 C5 c; o r -1 iH 1-1 1- i-i I- j3 o -13 o w ^^ o^ C c3 a; > t^ • - 3 bc<- ^^S rH -C & ^ ■S CJ cS 0 ,2 3-G «-« C-^ REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The variety of crops g-owu and the varying areas under each crop each year make it quite difficult to make a comparison of the returns of the different years, so to simplify matters I would suggest that a fixed valuation be put upon the products, and the returns of each year valued accordingly. Fixing prices as follows: Grain, $1 per hundred lbs.; roots and ensilage $2 per ton; hay $7 per ton; summ.ering cattle, $3 per season; and an area used as pasture for pigs, $15 per acre ; the returns from the ' 200-acre farm ' for the years mentioned may be said to have been worth $2,776.66 in 1899; $4,110.21 in 1900; $4,434.72 in 1901; $4,787.14 in 1902; $4,148.19 in 1903; $4,741.09 in 1904; $5,714.32 in 1905. EOTATION EXPERIMENT. The experiment to determine the efi^ects of different rotations is being followed np and over tlie detailed report of the labour on each plot, and the returns therefrom will be found some brief notes on each field and on the rotation as a whole. The rotations are as follows : — Rotation A. — Five years, clover hay, Timothy hay, grain, corn, grain. Rotation B. — Five years, clover hay, grain, clover hay, corn, grain. Rotation E. — Three years, pastaire, corn, grain. Rotation Z. — Three years, clover hay, corn, grain. Rotation S. — Four years, shallow ploughing, clover hay, timothy hay, roots, grain. Rotation D. — Four years, deep ploughing, clover hay, tim.othy hay, roots, grain. Rotation H. — Thre? years, hog pasture, roots, grain or soiling crop. Rotation T. — Four years, sheep pasture, roots and soiling crop, gi-ain, clover hay. Rotation II. — Six years, grain, grain, clover hay, timothy hay for three years. Rotation N. — Six years, grain, grain, timothy hay for four years. Rotation O. — Three years, grain, timothy hay, timothy hay. Rotation P. — Three years, grain, clover hay, tim.othy hay. In the descriptions of the rotations and fields that follow, an effort is made to ■give as concisely as possible the location, of each field, its size, tlie character of its soil, its drainage and its general crop history. In the tables will be found all items of expenditure. The manure is applied in the- same ratio to each field in each rotation. To illustrate : if to the corn land in rotation * Z,' 15 tons of manure per acre are applied ; this equivalent to 5 tons per acre per annum, as Z, is a three-year rotation. 'Fhen in applying manure to M, 30 tons per £!cre would be applied, as M is a six-year rotation. Since the manure must vary plio-htly in quantity each year, $3 per annum per acre is charged in each rotation. COMPARATIVE VALUES OF ROTATION ON STOCK FARMS. Supposing the average animal of the bovine species to consume 2,000 lbs. hjiy, 1,500 lbs. meal, 16,000 lbs. roots and ensilage and S,000 libs, of straw per annum, which valued at prices given above would amount to $37, a rough idea of the relative value of the different rotations for stockmen may be arrived at. 78 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A, 1905 ROTATION Location. Description f soil. 0 < 'i < Crop. Crop. Lot. 02 0 >-. 1 o 1-3 >^ >> O '0 0 CS s > >-5 B ci CI, cS s (2 CO 5 .£ *■' 0 Al W.S. 3 L.S. 1 A.S. 14 ... WP.G.S. 1 F.S. 1 F.S. 3 P.C. so 30 10 p. c. 45 65 15 20 35 p. c. P.O. p. c. 25 'i5 15 p C. p. c. Ac. 9-96 8-90 10-20 915 9-63 1004. Hay Oats 1905. Oats Hay Corn Hay Oats S cts. 59 76 53 40 61 20 54 90 57 78 $ cts 16 8fi A2 A3 . 5 20 10 30 "26 10 10 "26 11 57 16 87 - { A5 ... . Com 11 89 15 76 Aggregate 47-84 287 04 72 98 5 1 6 00 1 52 ROTATION B 1 W.S. 4.... L.S. 2 A.S. 15 .... W.P.G.S. 2 F.S. 2 5 20 20 20 35 70 60 60 30 5 ""5 15 30 50 5 "46 5 5 15 5 10 00 8 82 10 20 9 15 9 93 48 10 Oats Hay'.'.'.'!! Corn 60 00 52 92 61 20 54 90 59 58 16 90 B 2, B 3 Hay Oats Hay'.'.'.'.' '.'.'..'. 14 97 13 26 B 4 B 5 11 89 14 73 Aggregat e 288 60 71 75 Averao'e ner .anre in 100 5 . . . 1 6 00 1 49 ROTATION ' A.' This rotation of 5 years duration includes grain, hay (2 years) grain and corn or roots in the order named. The grain crop mentioned first comes after corn. With the first crop of grain is sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike and 10 lbs. timothy per acre. The field is left in hay for 2 years, then in August of the second year it is ploughed and cultivated at intervals till October, when it is ridged up and left till the next spring. Oats are sown on this field, and with them red clover seed at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre. This clover is allowed to grow for something over a year or until corn seeding time the following spring, when it is turned -under with a shallow furrow along with the manure that will have been applied during the winter. After the corn has been harvested the land is ploughed shallow and left till the next spring. The crops on this rotation this year have been fairly satisfactory. On Al the ploughing in the fall was delayed, hence a light crop of gi-ain. On A2 two crops of Alfalfa hay were harvested in time to permit of August ploughing. A3 gave an ex- cellent crop of com, and A4 a very good crop of hay. On A5 the black muck portion was injuriously affected by the weather, and no crop was harvested therefrom. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'A.' 79 Items of Expense iu Raising Crop of 1905. Particulars Df Crop of 1905. 6 t4 ^Manual Labour. Horse Labour. ^ c3 s ^ 0 m u 0 3 > > ^. ^ 0, .3 c y 0 0 a: ^ s o c3 2 Z ?. ^ 0 — ^ a d U 0 c 0 > p '0 0 o - O c3 o y^ r- > m ^ 01 4J -^ 5 C cS ^ 3 c ^^ oH 6V1 "ShI M m rt 2 C ^ c3 0 ^ O ^ .C > H H 0 0 w pi H ;> Ph Hrs. 8 cts. Hrs Hrs S cts. •S cts. S cts. S cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. S cts. Sets. Sets. 44 6 60 166| 23 70 j 52 '49' 50 02 25 40 7 29 140 56 114 07 14 11 12 81 12,155 25,181 171 51 250 60 17 22 28 16 3 11 1.58 62,650 15 35 605 90 75 339 27 00 72 38 101 70 29 20 270 52 122 99 26 52 13 44 390,915 399 91 247 20 39 20 27 02 12 68 180 70,628 13 58 87 13 05144 10 45 20 131 79 14 74 16,969 23,281 216 25 1,285 47 22 45 7 71 1,074 161 10l773| 97 251 52 7 29 77!) 93 16 30 29,124 48,462 133,278 399,915 8,359 26 86 10 56 22-44 3 36 16-17 2 02 ) 1 5 25 0 15 16 30 16 30 608 971 2,785 26 86 26 86 10 56 B.' 78 82 11 70 12 30 46 50 34 05 114 00 161 140 100 80 359 5 6 42 3S 49 30 43 20 38 40 31 60 107 70 6 44 8 42 144 34 131 81 159 36 132 44 296 01 14 43 14 94 15 62 14 47 29 81 1 10,725 32,125 14,040 19,910 20,000 191 50 180 22 322 84 327 88 411 85 19 15 20 43 31 65 35 83 41 47 4 72 5 49 310 227 760 92,240 93,682 ' 4ii;856 16 03 21 36 11 66 1,457 218 55 840 91 270 20 14 86 863 96 17 96 24,765 52,035 185,922 431,850 1,434 29 29 81 11 85 30-29 4 54 17-46 1-89 5 63 ■30 17 96 17 96 515 1,081 3,865 8,978 29 81 29 81 11 85 ROTATION 'b.' This rotation of 5 years duration includes grain, hay, corn or roots in the order named, the first crop of grain following a crop of corn or roots. Red clover 10 lbs. alsike 1 lb. and timothy 5 lbs. is sown with the grain each time grain is sown. When grain follows hay the land is ploughed in the early fall. When com follows hay the land is ploughed in the spring, the spring growth of grass and clover being ploughed in along with the manure which will have been applied during the preceding winter. The crops ozi this rotation were very fair. The crop on Bl however was very short on account of the black muck soil being very weedy. It was necessary to cut part of this field while still green so that the average was very materially lowered. B2 waa similarly affected in a less degree. The corn on B5 was a remarkable crop. 80 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S ROTATION Four year rotation, with Deep Description of Soil. o r3 Lot, Location. Crop. Crop. C i p o S T3 '~* H c5 C g'S >, >5 a es ^--o ■X} 1= p. C. w p. C. 01 g P.O. p. c. P.O. p. 0. p. c. Ac. 1904. 1905. $ cts. S cts. D 1 E. G. P. S. 2 E. G. P. S. 4 E. G. P. S. 6 E. G.P.S.8 20 20 30 CO 80 80 70 40 2 2 2 2 Oats. . . . Hay,. ... Roots . . . Oats 12 00 1 CO D 2 Oat hay Roots 12 00 1 CO D 3 12 00 2 GO D 4 12 00 3 38 AsTErreerate ... 8 48 00 9 18 Average ner anrft in 19 05 1 C 00 1 14 ROTATON Four year rotation, with Shallow S 1 E. G. P. S. 1 E. G. P. S. 3 E. G. P. S. 5 E. G. P. S. 7 20 80 20 : 80 so; 70 CO 40 2 2 2 2 Oats Hay Roots Oats 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 1 GO S 2 S 3 ' Oat hay Roots 1 CO 2 00 S 4 3 38 Aggregate Average ner acre in 19 8 48 00 9 ll^ 05 1 G 00 1 15 ROTATION ' D.' Dee'p Ploughing. This rotation is of 4 years duration and includes grain 2 years, hay and roots. The grain crop follows roots, the root land being ploughed to a depth of about 7 inches after the roots are harvested in the fall. With the grain is sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike and 10 lbs. timothy seed per acre. The clover hay is cut twice in the season and the second aftermath left on the field, that is it is not pastured off as is usually done. In the second hay year two crops are cut if possible, and the land ploughed in August with a deep Y-inch furrow. Dl and D2. These two plots were under hay this year. Since they had not been treated differently from Si and S2 before being seeded down they were not cut separately. D3. This plot, like its fellow S3, was under roots. The seed came up badly and it was necessary to resow with turnips. The cut worm then attacked the plots so that it was not considered advisable to give the actual crops in the report found below. The figures given are the average of the crops grown on both D3 and S3. D4. This plot w.as under oats. The crops in this case were kept separate although there had been no difference in methods of cultivation previous to seeding to oats. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 D.' 81 late Fall Plowing Area 8 acres. Items of Expense in raising Crop of 1905. Particulars of Crop of 1905. Mannal Horse Labour. Labour. 01 6 t _ „ , 'rt 1^ "^ ^ C3 u a S ^ p , o P4 c3 CO M M h C & bi u S t5 3 O 0 si a; 6 R c3 O O ^' o o . £-1 fcc P 0 0 0 o :l C X 2 J3 0 m it 0 0 0 1 ^ O '^ '^ > H H 0 0 m H H ;> Ph $ cts. $ Ctb. $ cts. $ ets. $ Cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. § cts. § cts. $ cts. 50 7 50; 16i lOi 7 05 28 15 14 08( 19,001 68 60 34 30 20 22 50 7 50 16| 63 75! 50| 2 85 24i 101 7 05 28 15 14 07 19,601 68 60 34 30 20 22 425 28- 20 67 7 35 "222 99 02 27 80 49 51 13 90 109,086 109 09 48 82 295 11 54 50 24 41 147 55 5 04 19 3,705 5,885 10 51 109,086 544 81 60|107f 49 42 12 2 22 183 12 91 56 3,705 5,885 39,202 55 99 68 10 20 m 6^! 5 26 0 28 22 89 22 89 463 735 4,900 13,636 36 89 36 89 14 00 'S.' early Fall Plowing Area 8 acres. 50 50 7 50 7 50 63 75 2 85 16i 16i 50^ 241 lOi 10^ 28 .... 7 05 7 05 20 67 7 35 "2ii 28 15 28 15 99 02 27 69 14 08 14 07 49 51 13 84 19,601 19,001 ' 109^086 68 60 68 60 109 09 47 64 34 30 34 30 54 54 23 82 20 22 20 22 425 5 03 19 3,510 6,270 10 02 109,086 544 81 60 1071 49 42 12 2 11 183 01 91 50 3,510 6,270 39,202 293 93 146 98 55 49 G8J 10 20 13J 6* 5 26 0 26 22 88 22 88 439 784 4,900 13,635 36 74 36 74 13 86 ROTATIOX ' S. Shallow Ploughing. This rotation is of 4 years duration and includes grain, 2 years hay and roots. The grain crop follows roots, the root land being ploughed (or cultivated) to a depth of about 4 inches after the roots are harvested in the fall. With the grain is sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike and 10 lbs. timothy seed per acre. The clover hay is cut twice in the season and the second aftermath left on the field, that is, it is not pastured ofp as is usually done. In the second hay year two crops are cut if possible and the land ploughed in August with a shallow 4-inch furrow. If manure is applied before ploughing a sub-soiler should be attached to the plough to loosen up the sub- soil to a depth of 8 or 9 inches. If manure is not applied this end is attained by means of a strong deep-cutting cultivator after the sod has rotted in the fall, or next spring, SI and S2. These two plots were under hay this year. Since they had not been treated differently from Dl and D2 before being seeded down they were not cut separately. 53. This plot, like its fellow D3, was under roots. The seed came up badly, and it was necessary to resow with turnips. The cut worm then attacked the plots so that it was not considered advisable to give the actual crops in the report found below. The figures given are the average of the crops grown on both S3 and D3. 54. This plot was under oats. The crops in this case were kept separate, although there had been no difference in methods of cultivation previous to seeding to oats. 16—6 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A, 1906 ROTATION Location. Description of Soil. a- o <1 Crop. Crop. Lot. o >> s (3 02 1 o o S es 3 o u a a rt S i:: a "o 9 P c .5 t "3 CO El W.S.I L.S. 4 Morn P.O. 40 10 p. C. 40 60 r>n P.O. p.c. p.c. 15 20 5 p.c. 5 p.c. Ac. 14 00 13-75 14-00 1904. 1905. .? cts. 84 00 $ cts. 23 66 E2 10 n 82 -501 20-51 E3 84-00 25-57 Aggrega te 41-75 250 5o! 69 74 Average ner acre in 1 9( )5 1-00 600 167 ROTATION Z 1 W.S. 2 L.S. 3 Obs. S 40 10 10 40 60 60 15 20 5 fi-OO 5-81 5-50 3600 34-86 40-00 1011 Z 2 . . .. 10 90 io" 8 -73 Z 3 715 Aggrega te 17-31 110-86 26-02 Average cer acre in 1905. . . 100 6-00 150 ROTATION ■ E.' This rotation of three years' duration includes grain, pasture and com. The grain con:!es after the corn, the stubble of -which is treated as described under rotation ' A.' With the grain in the spring is sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike clover, 5 lbs. alfalfa and 5 lbs. timothy seed per acre. If -weather permits the field is pastured slightly in the fall. After the grain crop the land is pastured, the grass seeding having been done with this object in view. In estimating the value of the returns from this field, pas- ture is charged at $1 per month per cow. At this rate the returns fall very far short of what would have been the returns if a hay crop had been harvested, if we may judge by the returns from ' Z 2.' This rotation and rotation Z were introduced into the list in order to gain some idea as to the difference in returns probable from land pastured and land from which all the crops are harvested. Of course the corn crop after the pasture has in a measure made up for the difference in favour of the no l)asture rotation ' Z,' but the returns are on the whole still considerably short of those from ' Z: Corn follows the pasture. Manure is applied during the fall and winter and turned under with the growth of clover grass in the spring. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 83 Items of Expenses in Raising Crop in 1905. Particulars of Crop in 1905. Mannal Labour. Horse Labour. to "3 i o i-i u 3 o H 2 K 2 o o © o i s s O 1 o o S . ^ c *^ b o oo t-l O .5 1- o c Hrs. S cts. 135 20 25 843 126 45 Hrs. 200 452 Hrs 12 20 S cts. 62 40 139 60 $ cts. 18 96 $ cts. 209 27 369 06 109 57 § cts. 14 94 26 84 7 83 Lbs. 31,580 Lbs. 36,770 Lbs. Lbs. ' 5'30,346 $ cts. 399 34 530 34 162 00 § cts. 28 52 38 57 11 57 $ cts. 13 58 11 73 *162m. 3 74 978 146 70 652 32 202 00 18 90 087 90 31,580 756 36,770 102 530,340 1,091 68 23 42 3 51 15-61 76 4 83 0 45 16 47 16 47 880 3-88 12,678 26 14 26 14 9 07 Z.' 60 9 00 48 75 14 40 71 181 55 4 15 36 22 10 57 30 23 70 5 07 82 31 19. n.H 8,450 14,930 115 36 195 85 207 41 19 23 33 71 37 U 7 IS 325 9o 149 64 25 75 85 25 15 50 59,260 195,850 7 'JO 24 63 481 72 15 307 55 103 10 5 07 317 10 18 31 8,450 14,93( 862-5* 59,260 195,850 518 62 29 96 27.78 4 17 17-73 3 17 5 95 0 29 18 31 18 31 4&S15 423 14 11314-21 29 96 29 96 11 65 ROTATION Z. This rotation of three years' duration includes corn, grain and clover hay, in the order named. Corn comes after the clover hay. The manure is applied in the fall or during the ■winter and spring, and the clover allowed to grow up through it, so facilitating the turning under of the whole mass of manure and spring growth and late fall growth of clover a few days before the com is to be sown. The furrow turned is quite shallow, about 5 inches deep, and the land is then thoroughly disc-harrowed and the corn sown iii rows 42 inches apart. It receives later the usual cultivation and care. Grain follows corn, the land having been ploughed in the fall. With the grain there is so-wn 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lbs. alsike and 5 lbs. timothy seed. The hay is cut twice and the last aftermath allowed to grow up to be turned under the next spring for corn. Such a rotation would be particularly valuable to a farmer having sufficient rough land for pasture or for one desirous of keeping as many cattle as possible on the land at his disposal, supposing him willing to grow roots and corn. 16— 6i 81 EXPERIMENTAL FAliilS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906 ROTATION" Description of Soil. Lot. Location. Crop. Crop. o S i § O -3 > O < Xfj. p.c. p.e. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. Ac. 1004. 1D05. .$ cts. % cts. H 1 U.S. 1 30 40 20 loL.. 3 35 Pasture Roots 20 10 5 50 H 2 H.S. 2 H.S. 3 25 10 45 20 20 .^0 10 90 3-15 Rocts . 2'85Pai^tnre and Grain Pasture and soiling crop 18 90 17 10 5 G4 H 3 2 GO soiling crop Aggiegat 9-35 56 10 13 74 1 6 00 1 47 ROTATION T 1 S.S.I S.S.2 ... S.S.3 S.S.4 10 15 "i.n 90 ... I'SllRoots 2-44 Rape 3-27 Soiling 3 50 Pasture .... 1 Grain Roots .... Pasture Pasture 9 06 14 64 19 02 2L 00 2 45 T 2 85 ... 2 73 T .S 100 .... 2 48 T 4 85 ... Aggregate 1072 04 32 7 60 i Average ner acre in 19C 5 6 0(. 0 71 ROTATION H. Hog Farm. This rotation is of three years' duration and includes roots, soiling crop and pasture in the order named. The land is ploughed late in the fall after it has been manured. It is disked the next spring and the roots sown on ridges. The roots re- ceive the usual cultivation and are of a varied character, including mangels, sugar mangels, sugar beets and turnips devoted to pork production for the most part, the surplus being sold to cattle and the returns invested in meal for pig feeding. The soiling crop field is sown with various crops suitable for feeding to pigs. What is over and above the amount possible of consum.ption by pigs is sold to cattle at $2 per ton and the returns used to purchase meal for pork production. The pasture area is divided into several parts, the seed being sown as far as pos- sible at the same time as the soiling crops the previous year, and not allowed to be eaten too close the first fall, although any good growth is not wasted. H. 1. This field was this year under roots, turnips, carrots, mangels, sugar beets and sugar mangels. Part of the plot is pastured off with pigs. They had access to all the above sorts of roots, but seemed to prefer mangels and sugar beets, II. 2. This plot was in grain soiling crop and peas for pasturing off when ripe. II. 3. This plot was used for pasture after cutting crops of alfalfa and peas and oats for soiling cows. nEPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'H.' 85 Items of Expense in Raising Crop of 1905. Particulars of Crop of 1905. Manual Labour. Horse Labour. d < »rf 1 43 ;j5 1 s> u 1-1 ■t2 1 2 § "3 Sd 3 O > s o 3 o hi c 1 < S 0 g 0 1 ^~' ^ ° U-- ^ 0 0 ci t> 0 & ° J2 o a 0 be c« > > CS c3 tC 6 5uq -H d'3 "i-^ 2 0 0 u t^ 8 "0 ci 0 ^ O «5 Hrs ',4 > H H 0 0 ai w P^ H > Ph Hrs. i cts. Hrs $ Cts. S cts. S cts. S cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. 8 cts. S cts. 891 133 65 3 60 0 90 83 63 23i 63 1 37 50 19 10 7 05 '207 1 00 196 75 49 31 28 cr 58 73 15 65 10 05 186,532 249 36 79 64 33 02 74 43 25 28 11 58 15 70 24 3.448 794 6,332 9 03 6 2,000 12,085 1 53 921 138 15 LC94 64 63 65 3 07 274 71 4,242 8,332 198,617 362 02 38 70 9 32 9S^ 14 78 181 6-8 6 81 0 33 29 38 29 38 454 891 212-42 38 70 38 70 9 32 8 335 1 20 57 75 0 45 0 30 19 64 13 9 1 29 3 1 5 90 25 00 18 61 100 12 12 25 41 03 8 27 6 90 9,000 10,300 139,245 22 20 139 25 47 41 24 20 14 70 57 07 14 50 6 90 1 75 16 04 3 2 4 50, 27 05 2 90 24 20 4,000 6 23 1 398 59 70 105 34 38 30 169 98 1 13,000 149,545 233 00 21 74 5 89 37i 5 58 n 3^ 3 57 15 85 15 85 1,212 13,950 21 74 21 74 5 89 ROTATION T. Sheep Farm. This rotation of four years duration includes roots, grain, hay and pasture. The area devoted to sheep farming is rather limited, ahout 10 -72 acres. This area is not included in the ' 200-acre farm.' The whole field had been for several years de- voted to pasturing sheep, but it has been divided into four rather unequal fields sus- ceptible of further subdivision and devoted to a rotation considered suitable for sheep. The root field is devoted to white turnips, Swedes, cabbage. Kohl Eabi, thousand headed kale, rape, &c. It comes after the pasture, the land being manured and ploughed in the fall. Grain follows the root land, and with the grain various clovers and grass seeds are sown to prepare for the ensuing two years. The grain may be harvested or used as soiling crcp for sheep. The hay field is expected to give one crop of hay and then be devoted to pasture for lambs as soon as they are weaned. The pasture field is the field that has been hay the previous year. Alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, Bromus inermis and timothy are the clovers and grasses used. The crops on this rotation were fairly satisfactory this year. 86 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ROTATION This rotation of six years' duration Lot. M 1 M 2 M 3 Location. A.S. 2., A.S. 4., A.S. 6.. Description of Soil. p.c. p.c. 15 15 15 o p.c. p.c. Ag^egate Average per acre in 1905. Ac. ] 1 1 Crop. 1904. Oats Oat hay Crop. 1905. Oats Clover bay . •S cts. 6 00 6 00 6 00 18 00 ■5 cts. 2 60 0 80 0 80 6 00 4 20 1 40 ROTATION This rotation of six years' duration includes no clover in the hay save Nl ASS SO 30 30 15 15 15 .... 45 45 45 10 10 10 1 1 1 Oats Oat hay.. Oats 6 00 6 00 6 00 1 GO N 2 A.S. 5 Timothy hay. . 0 45 N3 A.S. 7 ... 0 45 Aggrega te 3 18 00 2 50 1 6 00 0 89 ROTATION ' M.' This rotation of six years duration includes in its crops grain, grain, clover hay and then timothy hay or mixed hay for three years. First year grain is sown on sod ploughed late in the fall. In the spring the land is disked, harrowed and so^vn with lO-p.^und of red clover seed per acre at the same time as the grain is sown. After the grain is harvested the clover is allowed to grow as late as possible and the laud ploughed the last thing in the fall. The next spring 8 pounds of red clover and 10 pounds timothy seed is sown with the grain and the land put in as good shape as ])0ssible. Clover hay follows the second year grain. It is cut twice in the year and the last aftermath not pastured. Timothy hay or mixed hay then occupies the land for three consecutive years. Manure is applied in the fall of the second year that the field is under hay. M 1. This field was sown to oats May 1 and cut August 11. It includes a very considerable area of black mucky soil which on account of tlie season became infested with weeds and the crop had to be cut and fed green to cattle. In giving the returns for this field this fact was borne in mind and allowance made. M. 2. This field was under clover hay. M. 3. This field was the one in the rotation that received manure in the fall of 1904. REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'M.' includes clover in the hay. Area 3 acres. Items of Expense in Raising Crop of 1905. Particulars of Crop of 1905. Manual Horse ■ Labour. Labour. S f ^ j= j= 1 «r o 3 d o o O ;* ^ fc c ^ u o o "m a. p p 3 t o c o o O o rt to ci o tA X to jj) ID p u X 6 g G 1 d -2 0^ s "3 0) S o o a. 'I >. rt cS o o o Is o '/U o ;^ j^ > H H o e in "X^ P^ H ;> PL llrs. •S cts. Hrs' Hrs $ cts. $ cts. § cts. % cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. S cts. § cts. $ cts. 6 0 90 2 77 161 - - . 5 02 4 10 1 10 15 62 13 07 15 62 13 67 18 20 36 10 25 42 30 84 25 42 30 84 9 80 ISi 11 4 8,8.30 17 17 184 2 77 11 4 4 10 13 07 13 67 10,950 38 32 38 32 24 65 43 6 44 38i 8 13 22 1 10 42 96 42 96 18 20 36 10 19,780 94 58 94 58 51 62 14 2 15 13 3 4 41 0 37 14 32 14 32 6 07 12 03 6,593 31 53 31 53 17 21 such as may happen to get in from unknown sources. Area 3 acres. c 0 90 1 50 1 50 161 6 5i 2* 2 5 12 2 20 2 05 0 95 13 57 10 15 10 00 13 57 10 L5 10 00 Ij 60 31 90 21 98 19 32 24 40 21 98 19 32 24 40 8 41 TO 4,830 6,200 9 17 10 14 40 20 3 90 28^ 4i 9 37 0 95 33 72 33 72 15 60 31 90 11,030 05 70 65 70 31 98 9 1 30 9i 3 12 0 32 11 24 11 24 5 20 10 63 3,370 21 90 21 90 10 06 ROTATION N. This rotation of six years' duration includes in its crop grain, grain and timothy hay for four years. The first year's grain is sown on land that had been ploughed six inches deep the fall previous. JSTo grass or clover seed of any kind is sown with it. The stubble is ploughed in the fall and with the grain of the second year timothy seed is sown at the rate of 12 pounds per acre. Every care is taken to insure a good catch and the land put in as good shape as possible to remain in meadow four years. Timothy hay is then the crop for four years, manure being applied in the fall of the second year of hay. N 1. This field was sown to oats May 1 and cut Aug. 11. It includes a very con- siderable area of black mucky soil which on account of the season became infested with weeds, and the crop had to be cut and feed green to cattle. In giving the returns for this field below this fact was borne in mind and allowance made. N. 2. This field was under timothy hay. N. 3. This field was the one in the rotation that received manure in the fall of 1904. 88 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ROTATION This xotation of three years duration has no Descriiition of Soil. "o o p Lot. Location. s S ? Crop. Crop. 0 a a g r3 o •r" o o ^ cS ■"C 5 C/3 g o 3 C4 c o s s p. c. p. c. p. c. p. c. p. C. p. c. p. c. Ac. 1901. 1905. $ cts. S cts. 01 A. S. 8 30 15 45 10 1 Oat hay Hay 6 00 0 GO 0 2 A. S. 10.... 30 15 15 45 45 10 10 1 1 Oats Oats Hay 6 00 2 30 0 3 A. S. 12.. 6 00 1 30 Aggregate 3 18 Ol>i 4 20 )5 1 6 00 1 40 ROTATION This rotation of three years duration PI P 2 A. S. 9 A. S. 11 30 30 30 15 15 15 45 ... . 45 ... 45 ... . 10 10 10 1 1 1 Oat hay Oats Hav 0,its Hay 6 00 6 00 6 00 1 30 1 30 P 3 A. S. 13.. 0 60 Aggrega te 3 18 CO 3 20 Average npr acrp in 19f 5. . 1 6 00 1 07 ROTATION O. This rotation is three years' duration and includes grain, timothy hay, timothy hay. The field intended for grain is ploughed early in the fall and cultivated at inter- vals to insure the sod rotting. It is ploughed again late in the fall and with the grain, the next spring, timothy seed is sown at the rate of 12 lbs. to the acre. Timothy hay is cut for two years and the land again ploughed early in the fall. Manure is applied in the fall of the first year under hay. O 1. This field was under timothy hay. O 2. This field was sown to oats May 1, cut August 11. It includes a very con- siderable proportion of black mucky soil which, on account of the season, became in- fested with weeds and the crop on that part had to be cut and fed green to cattle. In giving the returns for this field below this fact was borne in mind and allowance made. O 3. This field was under timothy hay and was the field to receive manure in the fall of 1904. REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'O.' clover included in its crops. Area 3 acres. Items of Expense in raising C rop of 1905. Particulars c f Crop 0 1905. IM.i La'. lual our. Horse Labour. > to O _3 > O O^^ n^ JS o o ^ o o "A Q 15 ^ !> H H O O m a P4 H >^ Ph His. Sets. Hrs Hrs Sets. S cts. § cts. $ cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. $ cts. Sets. S cts. 10 1 50 5i 2 2 05 10 ]5 10 15 4,290 IG 58 IG 58 6 43 (5 0 90 16^ 5i i 5 05 1 02 15 27 15 27 1,090 3,280 23 46 23 46 8 19 10 1 50 2' 2 05 10 85 10 85 5,000 20 00 20 00 9 35 26 3 90 27i 4^ 9 15 1 02 0 34 30 27 36 27 1,690 3,280 9,290 GO 04 20 01 GO 04 23 77 n 1 30 9i n 3 05 12 09 12 09 503 1,093 3,097 20 01 7 92 includes clover. Area 3 acres. 18i 6 2 77i 0 90 2 77^ lOi IGi lOi 4 ■2 4 3 95 5 05 3 95 "odi) 14 02 14 15 13 33 14 02 14 15 13 32 " 1^494 3^250 8,210 28 73 21 45 38 40 28 73 21 45 38 46 14 71 7 30 ISi 10,990 25 14 43 G 45 374 8i 12 95 0 90 41 50 13 83 1,494 3,256 19,200 88 G4 88 64 15 72 14^ 2 15 12i 2f 4 32 0 30 13 83 13 S3 498 1,085 6,400 29 55 29 55 15 72 ROTATION ' P/ This rotation is of three year's duration and includes grain, clover hay, and timothy hay or mixed hay. The field intended for grain is ploughed early the previous fall and cultivated at intervals to insure the sod rotting. It is again ploughed late in the fall and left till seed time next spring. With the grain is sown ten pounds clover and ten pounds timo- thy. ^fanure is applied in the fall of the first year of hay. P 1. This field was under clover hay. P 2. This field was sown to oats May 1, cut August 11. It includes a very considerahle proportion of black mucky soil which on account of the peculiar weather became infested with weeds, and the crop on that part had to be cut and fed gTeen to cattle. In giving the returns for this field below this fact was borne in mind and allow- ance made. P 3. This field was under clover hay and was the field to receive manure in tlie fall of 1904. 90 EXPEIilMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS ON ' 200 ACRE FARM.' Returns as per statements, pages 73 to 89 inculsive $ 5,590 08 EXPENDITURES. Rent, labour and manure as per statements on pages 73 to 89 inclusive $ 3,444 18 Extra manure (not included in statements men- tioned above but produced by live stock on experimental farm and applied to ' 200 Acre Farm ') 414 00 Total expenditure $ 3,858 18 $ 3,858 18 Balance $ 1.''31 90 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST (W. T. Macoun.) December 1, 1905. Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G., Director, Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the nineteenth annual report of this division. The results of some of the most important experiments conducted during the year and infonnation regarding other work of the horticultural division will be found in this report. CHARACTER OF SEASON. The winter of 1904-5 while not a very severe one, was marked by long spells of cold weather, but as there was a good depth of snow no special injury was done. Winter set in on November 24, 1904, with snow and frost. The snow gradually increased in depth, but was reduced a little on December 31, when the temperature rose to 35 -T^F. This, however, was the only day in December when the temperature rose above freezing, it being a cold month. The coldest day of the month and the coldest of the winter was Christmas day, when the temperature went down to 20-6°F. below zero. January was a moderately cold month. While the temperature rose above freezing it was only for a few hours, and there was no real thaw during the month. The lowest tempera- ture was 20°F. below zero on January 14. The heaviest snowstorm in many years occurred on January 6 and 7, the high wind causing the snow to drift badly. This was followed by another heavy storm on the 10th. By the middle of the month there were about three feet on the level, affording excellent protection for the roots of trees and for low growing plants. February was a cold month, the temperature not once rising above freezing. The lowest temperature was 18-7^F. below zero on the IGlh. The weather continued cold up to March 18, the temperature falling to 16°F. below .lero on the 14th, a low temperature for March. On the 18th there was heavy rain and the snow may be said to have begun to go on that date. There were about three feet on the level when it began to melt, but there was an almost continuous thaw until April, and by April 1, while there were still patches of snow on the ground, about half the surface of the soil was bare. Owing to the snow coming in November and re- maining, there was very little frost in the ground during the winter, hence the soil could be worked soon after the snow disappeared. The first ploughing was done in the orchard on April 15, but spades were used on the 13th. There was very little rain in April and owing to the comparatively cool weather through most of the month it was very favourable for planting. The highest temperature was on the 2Sth, when it rose to 75°F. The last spring frost recorded was on May 2, when the temperature was 29 ■5°F., although light local frosts were noticed in this locality later in the month. The weather in May was alternately warm and cool. The highest temperature during the month was 78-8°F. on the 25th. At the end of May the vegetation was from a week to ten days later than the average. Vegetation was showing the need of rain badly at the beginning of June, but on the 2nd there was a fine rain. There was a light frost in low places on June 3. On June 10 the season was considered still ten 91 92 EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 days later than the average. From June 12 until July 19, the weather was almost constantly warm. For ten days in June and for sixteen days in July the temperature was 80°F. and ahove. The highest recorded in June being 86*5°F. on the 20th, and the highest in July 91*4°F. on the 18th. While the weather became a little cooler on July 20, it continued warm until August 12. As there was plenty of rain during this long spell of warm weather growth was rapid. The latter part of August was mod- erately warm and bright. The highest temperature was 86-6°F. on the 10th. Sep- tember was moderately warm and with occasional showers up to the 23rd, when it became cool and remained so to near the end of the month. The highest temperature was 80-2°F. on the 10th, and the nearest approach to frost recorded was on September 26, when it fell to 32 •2°F. There was, however, a light frost on September 13th, not lecorded by the thermometer, which killed cucumbers and melons and in places touched tobacco, although the injury to the latter was not great. On September 2G, tomatoes and other tender things were killed. October was a fine month. The first ten days were moderately warm, the temperature rising to TG^F. on the 1st, and the Test of the month varied from cool to moderately warm. The night temperatures were rather low, both in September and October, though no frost was recorded until October 7, when the temperature fell to 29 •5'^'F. The first severe frost was on the 22nd, when the temperature was 22 •S°F., and after that date there were several frosts, the lowest occurring on the 30th, when it was 16 •5°F. Xovember was cool asd frosty. On the 6th there was a fall of 2J inches of snow, and on the 8th, 2 inches more. This melted slowly, and was practically gone on November 13, when the temperature dropped to 16-8°F., and to 10°F. on the 14th, stopping ploughing. The ground re- mained frozen, preventing ploughing, until November 24, when there was little frost left in the ground. There was heavy rain on November 26, and on the 27th the ground froze again and winter may be said to have set in on that date. FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS. There was a good supply of fruit and vegetables in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec this year, although the apple crop was below the average in most sections of Ontario, and hence there was not as much fruit exported as last year. The light crop of apples this year was no doubt in a raeasure due to the severe winter of 1903-4, ■v^hich weakened many trees. This was followed by a bountiful harvest in 1904, which probably further weakened the trees, which were not able to support another good crop this year. In the Ottawa Valley, where the crop was very good, bearing trees were for the most part of hardy varieties, which were uninjured by the winter of 1903-4, the tenderer kinds having been killed outright. Summ.er and autumn varieties sold at low prices, but winter fruit, for which there was a strong demand, brought very re- munerative returns. The peach, pear, plum, and cherry crops were all good. The cherry rot and ripe lot on the plums, however, caused considerable loss. The grape crop was good and the black rot not nearly so bad as last year. The crops of all bush and small fruits were good. Tomatoes were not so plentiful as last year, owing to the cool spring, but prices were better. Other vegetables were abundant, with the exception of potatoes, which were much injured by blight and rot in most sections, except where sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. At the Central Experimental Farm the apple crop was good and the fruit prac- tically uninjured by either codling moth or black spot. There was a light crop of "Russian pears and cherries, but the crop of Americana and Nigra plums was good; some of the Domestica varieties also fruited this year. The grape crop was very good, but owing to the comparatively cool autumn the fruit did not ripen as thoroughly as in some years, altliougu 90 varieties matured sufficiently to be called ripe. The crops cf raspberries, currants and gooseberries were all good. Strawberries bore a medium REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 crop. ]Most vegetables did well, but tlie season was too cool and showery for melons, vv'hich were practically a failure, and tomatoes did not yield as mucli ripe fruit as in drier and warmer seasons. Leaf blight affected the cabbage and cauliflower to a con- siderable extent, preventing them from developing as well as usual. The potato crop was good where the vines were well sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, but unsprayed plots suffered badly from blight and the crop was much reduced. IIEETIXGS ATTEXDED AND PLACES \aSITED. During the year the following meetings were attended and addresses given where intimated: — Quebec Pomological Society, Ayer's Cliff, P.Q., December 14 and 15, 1901: ' Potato Culture.' Prince Edward Island Fruit Growers' Association, Charlottetown, P.E.I., De- cember 20, 21, 1904 : ' Guides to Success in Fruit Culture,' ' Strawberry Culture.' Society for Horticultural Science, Philadelphia, December 27-28 : ' The Horse Bean as a Cover Crop.' Vermont State Fruit Growers' Association, Yergennes, Vt., February 9-10, 1905. ' The Cherry.' ' The Strawberry.' Niagara Fruit Growers' Association, meetings at Jordan Station, Queenston and •St. Catharines, March 16, IT, 18, 1905. ' Diseases of the Grape ' and ' Strawberries.' Ontario Agricultural Department, Demonstrations in Spraying, St. Catharines and Virgil, April 18-19, 1905. * Demonstration of Making Kerosene Emulsion with Flour.' Quebec Pomological Society, St. Hilaire, P.Q., August 23-24, 1905. ' Eeport on Fruit Exhibits.' Toronto Exhibition, September 12, 1905. Examination of Fruit Exhibits. Ontario Fruit Growers' Association. Ontario Vegetable Growers' Association. Ontario Horticultural Association, Toronto, November 14, 15, 16, lY, 18, 1905. * Report on New Fruits,' ' Fruit Growing in Great Britain and Ireland,' * The Botanic Garden of the Central Experimental Farm,' ' The Best Varieties of Vegetables.' While in Great Britain and Ireland during the summer of 1905, 1 visited many places of interest and the information obtained should prove of considerable value in connection with the horticultural work here. Among the places visited may be men- tioned the Department of Agriculture, Dublin, Ireland, and the Government Farm and .Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin, Ireland; the Daisy Hill Nurseries, Newry, Ireland; the Fruit Districts of Armagh county, Loughgall and Anaghmore, Ireland, being others of principal jpoints visited. Dickson's Nurseries at Belfast were also examined. While in England a visit was paid to the Royal Gardens, Kew ; the Horticultural College, Swanley, Kent; the Horticultural College, Reading; Sutton's Trial Grounds, Reading, and the Woburn Fruit Experiment Station, Ridgemont, at all of which places many interesting things were seen. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. It is again a pleasure to acknowledge the services of Mr. J. F. Watson and Mr. H. Holz, who in the performance of their various duties have done much to make the work of the division successful. The faithful work of Mr. F. Horn, foreman in the Arbore- tum and Botanic Garden, is acknowledged. The information furnished by many fruit growers in Canada and the United States has been much apreciated, as in order to make the experimental work here of the greatest value it should be supplemented by the experience of others. 91 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 DONATIONS. Each year there are many valuable donations of plants, scions, seeds, etc., and in the following list will be found an acknowledgment of those that were received during the past year. Donations. Semdier. New Jersey Experimient Station, New Bruns- Seeds of oorn, tomatoes, peppers, and egg wick, N.J., U.S i ipLants. James Miller, L»yn, Ont One Miller Hand marker. J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, U.S S-cions of 194, 197 and 199 Seedling plums. Wm. A. Anderson, West Union, Iowa, U.S.. . | Scions of Anderson plum. Ohio Experim'emt Station, Wooster, Ohio, U.S ! Apple scions — 15 varieties. L. Cameron, Iroquois, Ont , Scions oif Seedle&s apple, Mcintosh Sweet and Fall Greening. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont. P. Carsteseo, Billiings' Bridge, Ont C. L. Stephens, Oriilia, Ont Trappist Fathers, Oka, Que Botanic Garden, Upsala, Sweden , T. R'Owan, Macgregor, Man John MoCarty, Semiwagan Ridge, N.B. Pearl of Savoy, Empire State and American Wonder potatoes. Scions of early native plum. Scions of Northern Spy and King apples. Scions of American Golden Russet apple. OoMection of seeds. Wee Macgregor potato. Scions of No. 1 and No. 2 and Esson seedling apples. Dr. A. Harkness, Lanoaster, Ont Apple scions. J. P. Gockburn, Gravenhurst, Ont Scions of Rakestrow apple amd Gopon plum. W. H. Dem'psey, Trenton, Ont ! Apple scions. E. Kenny, St. Vincent de Paul, Que ! Scions of seedling apiple. D. E. Bloomfield, Seotland, -Ont | Scions of unknown apple. W. L. Rowell, Ayers' Oliff, Que Scions of Lincoln apple. C. R. Dickie, Muddy Greek, P.E.I Velvet beians. Miss P. L. Baker, Oakville, Ont Scions of seedling apple. The Templin Co., Calla, Ohio, U.S 3 plants Cardinal strawberry. Amherst Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass., U.S ; Scions of Palmer Greening apple. A. C. Sharpley. Arizona, Man j Northern Star, Sir John Llewellyn and Duke of York potatoes. Scott, Ottawa, Ont Scions .of unknown apple. Snider Best Early potato W. L Thos. Bousfield, Carlisle. Ont W. A. Smitih, Roblin, Man Vermont Experiment Station, Burlington, Vt U.S Henry E. Wright, Summerside, P.E.I H. G. Schmidt, Cross Lake, Ont J. F. Litooy, Everett, Wash., U.S A. M. Smith, St. Catharines, Ont C. Draffin, Merivale, Ont Chas. H. Smith, Sand Beach, Yarmouth, N.S. Thos. C. Paidon, Toronto, Ont Dr. Mackay, Halifax, N.S Hon. F. R. Latchford, Ottawa, Ont W. J. Ma.lden, Surbiton, Engiand L. A. Sovereign, Round Plains, Man Tchn Scott, - Oshawa, Ont. Isaac Lindsay, Sawyerville, Que Charles Scott, Melville Cross, Ont J. M. Maccun, Ottawa, Ont J. W. Johnston, Oampbellford, Ont Miss Maggie McLaurin, Dalkeith, Ont. Sutton's S:on House potato. Rust-proof, June and Sutton's Discovery potatoes. 2 trees Abegweit plum. Four varieties of beans. Plants of Mammoth and Himalaya Blackberries and Phenomenal rasipberry. Plants of two seedUing strawberries. Fantail Rose and Early Pride potatoes. Plants of seedling strawberry. Scions of seedling plum. "iants of Heather. Buds of Latchford plum. Maiden's Recorder potato. Potatoes. Recorder, Duches of Cornwall, and Eldorado potatoes. Hard to Beat potato, ""anadian Red potato. Mas:T.'ar potato. Seeds of Liliiim Philadelphieum from wet ground. Scions of seedling plum. cicus of Craignaivie apple. REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 THE TESTEsG A^'D THE ORIGIXATION OF KEW FRUITS AT THE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM. There is a large collection of promising new fruits at the Central Experimental Farm, the result of eighteen years' work in gathering together the varieties advertised by nurserymen and the best seedlings not yet offered for sale. Many seedlings have also been raised from the best varieties which have fruited at Ottawa, and many others from seed imported from Russia, Work in cross-breeding has also been carried on, and varieties originated in this way are now beginning to fruit. If a man sends a seedling fruit for examination and it is considered promising, scions are asked for and if received are propagated and later on the young trees are planted in the orchard. At the present time there are over 100 such promising seedlings of apples alone which ore being tested in this way. The results of these experiments take time, and it has always been the policy of the Horticulturist to thoroughly test a variety before re- commending it for general planting. For this reason, there have been comparatively few additional kinds added in recent years to the list of those recommended. When we are convinced, however, that a variety is a decided acquisition, the planting of it is strongly recommended. The Mcintosh Red apple is an example of this. The in- formation furnished regarding this fine variety has undoubtedly done much to ex- lend the planting of it during recent years. Nearly 2 000 seedlings of Mcintosh Red, Fameuse, Swayzie Pomme Grise, Lawver, Northern Spy, Winter St. Lawrence, Wealthy, Salome and other varieties are iinder test. This year 37 of these fruited. Few of them were promising, but the majority of them were apples of good size and fair quality. An orchard of 3,000 trees of seed- ling apples from seed imported from Russia has, after testing the fruit, been reduced to 75 trees, which have borne the best fruit, the rest having been destroyed. Wliile but few of these will prove of value in the warmer parts of Ontario and Quebec, a greater number may be found valuable for the North. In a few years the crosses mado with Mcintosh Red, Lawver, Northern Spy, Milwaukee and North Western Greening will begin to fruit and from these something good should be obtained. There nre also seedlipT plums, currants, raspberries, grapes and strawberries in the Horti- cultural Department, of which there are some that we are confident will yet find a place among commercial varieties. Descriptions of the most promising varieties originated and tested at the Central Experimental Farm have appeared from time to time in the annual reports. SEEDLING FRUITS RECEH'ED FOR EXAMINATION — 1905. The following seedling varieties were received for examination this year. Full descriptions are published of those considered promising, and only a partial descrip- tion of these of less merit. These descriptions are valuable because they constitute a record of all the promising seedling fruits which come under our notice. If any of these varieties should in future years be grown in the commercial nurseries of Canada their history can be traced and the description given by the nurseryman compared with the original description published in these reports. These descriptions not only serve as a record, but they bring these varieties and their characteristics under the notice of many fruit growers who, if they desire, can test the more promising ones themselves, providing of course, that scions can be obtained. Fruit growers are asked to continue to send in specimens of promising varieties, as in this way those of exceptional merit will find recognition. 96 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1f06 Province. Nova Scotia, Quebec Ontario 1 / " Name and Address of Sender. E. Zwickers, Oakland . . . R. Hamilton, Grenville., Description of Fruit. A. J. Langlois, St. Malo. Samuel Greenfield Ottawa East. Ed. Hall, Ottawa. ■John McKaj', Creemore. C. L. Stephens, Orillia.. Thos. A. Harsant, Glen Orchard. W m . Pratt, Penetau- guishene. W m . Pratt. Penetan- guiishene. J. J. McGovern, Ottawa. R. Couglan, M.D., Hast- ings. R. A. Marrison, Catar- aqui. E. Lafontaine, Ottawa Louis Charron, Ottawa. . Sam. Greenfield, Ottawa East. Sam. Greenfield, Ottawa East. W. L. Scott, Ottawa. Medium size, yellow with a red blush on sunny side : Medium to above medium quality ; season autumn ; not good enough in quality. ' Large Fameuse Seedling D.' (See full description.) ' No. 10.' — Medium size ; pale yellow, well washed with bright crimson ; quality good ; season October to November. A handsome apple but not suthciently promising. 'No. 20.'— Below medium size ; yellow well splashed and wash- ed with dull crimson; quality good to very good; season November. Too small. 'No. 30.' — Best keeping good apple; medium size; pale yellow splashed with crimson ; quality medium ; season early to midwinter. Not specially promising. 'No. 4. — Keeper, light green, striped.' (See full des- cription. ) 'X, — Resembles Salome.' Medium size; greenish yellow, faintly splashed with pink on sunny side ; quality above medium ; season early to mid or late winter ; not good enough in quality. Medium size ; pale yellow splashed and washed on sunny side with crimson ; quality good ; season mid to late September ; not sufficiently promising. Greenfield Seedling.' — Medium to above medium in size ; pale greenish yellow splashed and washed with crimson ; quality above medium ; season early to mid August ; not equal to Lowland Raspberry. Medium size ; greenish yellow, splashed and washed with crimson ; quality medium to above medium ; season evidently September to October. A handsome apple but not good enough in quality. Medium size ; yellow well washed with dark crimson ; medium quality ; season mid to late September ; not sufficienth' pro- mising. Below medium size ; yellow with a faint pink blush ; quality good ; season evidently mid to late September ; too small and not sufficiently attractive. TvvO .small apples of inferior quality ; one pale yellow with a few crimson splashes ; the other, pale yellow with a pink blush. Medium size ; yellow well splashed and washed with crimson ; quality above medium ; season evidently October. Hand- some but not as good as Wealthy, which is of the same season. See full description. Large ; pale yellowish g'-een splashed and streaked with dull purplish red ; quality medium ; season evidently October. See full description. See full description. Size above medium ; greenish j'ellow splashed and washed with crimson ; quality above medium ; season October ; not sufficiently promising. Large; pale green with a crimson blush on sunny side; quality above medium ; season probably October to November ; not sufficiently promising. ' Greenfield No. 0.' — Above medium size ; pale green splashed and streaked with dull red on sunny side ; quality good ; season late autumn to early winter ; not attractive in appear- ance. Not as good as Mcintosh which is of the same season. 'Greenfield No. 5.' — Above medi>im to large: yellow well washed with rather bright crimson ; quality above medium ; season evidently October to November; not juicy enougii for a good sweet apple. See full description. Phutii. hy F. T. Shidi. English Hokse Beans, used for Snow and Wind-break. April 26th, 1905. Wealthy apples Packed for Shipment to Glasgow. Fhoto. by F. T. Shtilt. REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 97 1 Province. Name and Address of Sender. Description of Fruit. ^ 310 341 342 343 344 345 Manitoba . . Ontario . . . Quebec A. H. Rogers, Gladstone. W. C. Wilson. Hawk- stone. Maggie McLaurin, Dal- keith. W. L. Rowell, Ayer's Cliff. Seedling No. 1. — Small, li by 1| inch.; greenish yellow ; qual- ity above medium ; season evidently October. Seedling No. 2.— Small, 1^ by Ih inch.; yellow, with a bronze blush on sunny side ; quality medium to below ; season evidently October ; noc very promising. Seedling No. 3. — Quite small; green well washed with deep crimson ; too small. Medium size ; yellow, washed and splashed with orange red ; mildly subacid ; season late winter ; not sufficiently pro- mising. See full description of ' Craignaivie.' See full description of ' Lincoln.' APPLEC. No. 317. From K. Hamilton, Grenville, Que. — Large Fameuse Seedling, D. — Fruit above medium size; form oblate; cavity medium depth and width; russeted at base; stem short, moderately stout ; basin open, medium depth, nearly smooth ; calyx open ; colour pale yellow or whitish well washed and splashed with crimson ; dots obsecure ; skin moderately thick, rather tough; flesh white, slightly tinged with red, tender, juicy; core medium ; subacid, pleasant, Fameuse-like flavour ; quality good to \-ery good ; sea- son probably October to mid November. A good dessert apple, much like Fameuse in quality but coarser in flesh. No. 321. From R. Hamilton, Grenville, Que., ' Keeper, light green, striped with red, well coloured on top of tree. No. 4.' — Fruit medium size ; form roundish to oblate ; cavity open, deep; stem short, moderately stout; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx closed; colour pale greenish yellow washed with red on sunny side; dots indistinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh white, tender, juicy; core small; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour; quality good to very good; season probably early to mid winter. A good deal like Princess Louise both in appearance and quality. May be pro- No. 331. From Wm. Pratt, Penetanguishene, Ont., Seedling No. 2. — Fruit medium size; form roundish; cavity narrow, medium depth; stem medium length, moderately stout; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx partly open or closed; colour yellow well washed and splashed with rich crimson; dots numerous, yellow, distinct; skin moderately thick, rather tough; flesh dull white, firm, juicy; core small; subacid, r.leasant flavour, not high; quality above medium; almost good; season probably early winter to mid winter. Supposed to be a seedling of Wealthy. Grown on an adjoining farm to Wm. Pratt. A handsome apple. No. 333. From E. Couglan, (M.D.), Hastings, Ont. — Fruit medium size; form oblate to roundish; cavity deep, medium width, russeted; stem short, slender; basin medium depth and width, smooth; calyx partly open; colour yellow, almost entirely covered with bright crimson ; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct ; skin moder- ately thick, tender; flesh white, tinged with red, tender, juicy ; core small; briskly subacid, little decided flavour, quality above rifiedium; season prooably mid September. A seedling growing in a remote part of farm near Hastings village. 16—7 98 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 A very handsome apple with an aroma. Of good shape. May prove a useful apple at this season of the year. No. 334. From R. A, Marrison, Cataraqui, Ont., Seedling Crab Apple. — Fruit large for a crab; 2 by 2| inches; form roundish, slightly angular; cavity medium depth and width; stem long, slender; basin open, medium depth, much wrinkled; calj'x closed ; colour yellow well washed with deep crimson and splashed with dark crimson ; dots few, yellow, distince; skin moderately thick, moderately tough; flesh yellow, tender, juicy; core medium; briskly subacid, pleasant flavour, very little astringency; quality good for a crab; season probably early to mid October. A handsome crab of the largest size. May prove desirable as a late variety. No. 344. Craig-naivie — Seedling from Maggie McLaurin, Dalkeith, Ont. — Fruit large; form roundish to oblate, conic; cavity deep, medium width; stem medium length, moderately stout; basin medium depth and width, wi'inkled; calyx closed; colour pale vellow, well washed on sunny side with bright red ; dots obscure ; skin rather thin, tender; flesh white, tender, melting, juicy; core medium, mildly subacid; quality good to very good; season probably mid winter to late winter. A handsome apple of good quality, and if hardy may be useful. * A graft from a seedling planted by my father long years ago. Very good cookers and bakers.' No. 345. Lincoln — Seedling from W. L. Rowell, Ayer's Cliff, P.Q. — Fruit above medium size; form roundish conical; cavity narrow, shallow; stem short, slender; basin shallow, narrow; calyx closed; colour pale yellowish green splashed and washed with dull dark purplish red; dots obscure, skin thick, tough; flesh white, tender, juicy; core medium; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour; quality good; season probably mid to late winter. Resembles Winter St. Lawrence very much in outward appearance. A good dessert apple. APPLES. After the severe winter of 1903-04, which killed so many varieties of apples in Ihe orchard at the Experimental Farm, a number of trees not killed outright were left in a weakened condition. Most of these either died since or have been removed, so that quite a number of vacancies occurred in the orchard this year. These were prac- tically all filled by other kinds or by more trees of the varieties which withstood^ the winter of 1903-4. The winter of 1904-5 was a favourable one and few additional jvinds were injured. There are still in the apple orchards 4-35 varieties exclusive of the seedlings originated at the Central Experimental Farm. Owing to the favourable season, the trees made fine growth this year. The crop was good and the fruit clean, being practically free of both spot and codling moth. The early varieties were sprayed three times with Bordeaux mixture, and the later ones four times. There were 193 varieties which fruited. Three different cover crops consisting of hairy vetch, rape and buckwheat were used this year to aid in protecting the roots of trees this winter in the standard or- chard. The Russian 'orchard was in sod this year, but this will be broken up in the spring. VARIETIES OF APPLES KEW OR XOT WELL KXOWX IX OXTARIO AND QUEBEC. Many descriptions of apples have been made at the Central Experimental Farm during the past eighteen years, and a large number have been published from time to time in the annual reports, but as there are many others which have not been, it is considered advisable to continue publishing descriptions of the newer and not well known sorts. The following descriptions were all made from fruit grown at the Cen- tral Experimental Farm, with a few exceptions, from outside sources, which are men- tioned. REPORT OF TBE HORTICULTURIST 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Allen Choice. — Originated in Pennsylvania: — Fruit belbw medium size; form cblate; cavity medium depth and width; stem short to medium, moderately stout; lasin shallow, open, wrinkled; calyx open; colour pale yellow splashed and washed with deep red; dots moderately numerous, grey, distinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy; core small; subacid, pleasant flavour, sprightly; quality good; season mid winter to late winter. A pretty apple of good quality. A little under sized, but evidently a good keeper. Not sufficiently hardy at Ottawa. Arthur. — Originated in jSTorthern Iowa : — Fruit roundish to oblong ; size medium ; cavity deep, narrow, slightly russeted near base; stem long, slender; basin deep, medium width, smooth; calyx open or closed; colour yellow splashed and streaked with purplish red, mostly on sunny side; dots moderately numerous, grey, distinct; skin thick, rather tough; flesh yellow, rather coarse, moderately juicy, subacid; core finall to medium; quality medium; season early to mid winter. Tree hardy, vigorous and productive, but not desirable here. Bessie. — Originated in Wisconsin: — Fruit roundish, angular; size large to very large; cavity deep, medium width, russeted; stem short, stout; basin deep, medium width, almost smooth; calyx open; colour pale yellow well splashed and streaked with bright red; dots few, pale, indistinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh white, crisp, rather coarse, juicy, subacid; core small; quality above medium; season late September, October. Tree hardy, vigorous and a moderate bearer. A large, handsome apple, but too coarse for dessert. Bismarck. — Originated in New Zealand: — Fruit roundish, conical; size large; cavity deep, medium width, russeted; stem short, slender; basin deep, open, wrinkled; calyx open; colour greenish yellow, well washed and splashed with rich crimson; dots obscure; skin moderately thick, moderately tough; flesh dull white, coarse, juicy sub- acid; core small; quality medium; season November, December. Tree a poor grower, but an early and abundant bearer. Quality not good enough. Of doubtful hardiness. Fruit received from W. H. Dempsy, Trenton, Ont. Black Annette. — Originated in Ohio: — Fruit roundish; size small; cavity med- ium depth and width, russeted; stem medium length, slender; basin open, shallow, wrinkled; calyx open; colour yellowish green washed with deep, dull purplish red; dots Tivimerous, small, pale distinct; skin rather thick, t-ough; flesh greenish yellow, mod- erately juicy, tender; core medium; briskly subacid, somewhat like R. I. Greening in flavour; quality above medium; season late winter. Tree an early bearer. Hardy until winter of 1903-4. Brockville Beauty. — Originated in Eastern Ontario: — Fruit roundish, conical; size medium to above medium; cavity open, medium depth; stem short, stout; basin medium depth and width, slightly wrinkled; calyx open; colour pale yellow well washed and splashed with orange red; dots obscured; bloom none; skin rather thick, tender; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, moderately juicy, brickly subacid; core mediimi; quality above medium ; season early September. Tree vigorous and productive, but fruit drops badly. A pretty apple. Cellini. — Originated in England : — Fruit roundish, obtusely conical ; size large to very large; cavity medium depth and width or rather open, russeted; stem medium length, stout; basin deep, very open, slightly wrinkled; calyx open; colour greenish yellow well washed and splashed with deep red ; dots obscure ; skin rather thick, tender ; flesh white, tinged with yellow; tender, melting, moderately juicy; core small, briskly subacid with a high flavour; quality good to very good; season late October to No- vember. Quite hardy at Ottawa. Tree vigorous and productive. 16— 7i 100 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 906 Clayton. — Originated in Indiana: — Emit above medium size; form oblate, conic, angular; basin medium depth and width, slightly wrinlvled; cavity medium depth, open, f tern short to medium, stout ; calyx partly open ; colour pale green washed and splashed with dull red; dots few, pale, indistinct; skin thick, tough; flesh, firm, cr.'sp, greenish yellow, juicy; core rather small; subacid not high flavour; quality above medium; sea- son late winter. A good keeper. Xot quite hardy enough at Ottawa. Coo's River Beauty : — Fruit, medium to large size ; form oblate ; cavity deep, open, lightly russeted; stem very short, slender; basin deep, medium width almost smooth, calyx open; colour pale yellow well washed with bright crimson; dots few, yellow, dis- tinct; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy; core mediiim; subacid, sprightly, pleasant flavour; quality good to very good; season early to mid winter. A handsome apple. A promising Tariety for the best apple districts. Fruit received from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont. Dyer (Pomme Royale). — Originated in France: — Fruit roundish; size medium; cavity medium depth and width; stem medium length, moderately stout; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled ; calyx closed ; colour pale yellow ; dots obscure ; skin moder- ately thick, tender ; flesh white, very tender, breaking, very juicy, i>ear-like; core medium size, open; mildly subacid, with a sprightly, delicious, pear-like flavour; qual- ity best; season October. Hardy in garden of Maurice Bennett, Ottawa, from which fruit was obtained and described. Duke of Connaught: — Fruit oblong, conical; size large to above medium; cavity deep, narrow, sometimes slightly russeted; stem short, moderately stout; basin mediuw width, medium depth, wrinkled ; calyx rather small, closed ; colour golden yellow, sparingly splashed with pink on sunny side ; dots numerous, grey, distinct but not conspicuous ; bloom none ; skin slightly oily, moderately thick, rather tough ; flesh yellow, firm, fairly juicy; core large, open; subacid, pleasant flavour; quality above medium; season early to mid winter. Tree hardy and vigorous but not productive enough. Excelsior Crab. — Originateel in Minnesota. — Fruit roundish, angular; size very large for a crab, about the size of a medium apple, ca^vity narrow, shallow to medium in depth; stem long to medium, moderately stout; basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow, slightly \\Tinkled; calyx closed or partly open; colour pale yellow, well washed on sunny side with bright red; and extending nearly around the apple in some cases; dots few, yellow, distinct but not prominent ; bloom slight ; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh yellowish, tender melting, juicy ; core large, open ; subacid, pleasant flavour ; quality good as a crab, above medium to good as an apple ; season early to mid September. Tree vigorous and very productive. A handsome fruit, more like an apple than a crab, but flesh has some crab characteristics. Eameuse Noire. — Originated in the province of Quebec: — Fruit roundish conical; size medium; cavity narrow, medium depth, slightly russeted near base; stem medium leng-th, slender; basin narrow, medium depth, slightly wrinkled; calyx open; colour greenish yellow well splashed and washed with dark red over most of surface ; dots few, small, yellow, distinct; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh white, tender, crisp, juicy, a slight tinge of red in spots; core small to below medium; mildly subacid, Fameuse- like flavour, but not as good; quality good; season mid October to mid November. Tree productive but lacks vigour. Not as good an apple as Fameuse. Forest — Originated in Wisconsin: — Fruit iibove medium size; form oblong to roundish conical; cavity medium depth and width, sometimes lipped, russeted; stem short, stout; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx open; colour gi'eenish REPORT OF TUE HORTICULTURIST 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 yellow washed with deep rather dull red, mostly on sunny side; dots few, grey, dis- tinct; skin thick, rather tough; flesh yellow, crisp, juicy; core small; subacid, good, pleasant flavour; quality good to very good; season mid to late winter. Tree hardy. Would be very promising if fruit was a little more attractive. Scions received from the late J. L. BudJ, Ames, la. Frazer's Eusset. — Fruit about medium size; form roundish to oblate, obtusely conical; cavity medium depth, open, russeted; stem medium length, moderately stout; basin medium width and depth slightly wrinkled; calyx small, partly open; colour greenish yellow, sparingly splashed with purplish red on sumiy side; dots obscure; pliin moderately thick, tender; flesh dull white, crisp, somewhat coarse, moderately juicy; core small; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour; quality above medium to good; mid winter to late winter. Tree hardy. Owing to hardiness of tree, this may prove a useful apple. Hoadjy. — Originated in Wisconsin : — Fruit oblate ; size above medium ; cavity deep, moderately open, slightly russeted; stem short, slender; basin medium depth and width, almost smooth to slightly wrinkled; calyx open, colour yellow splashed and streaked with carmine ; dots few, yellow, indistinct ; " skin thick, moderately tender ; flesh yellowish with traces of red, juicy, rather tender, briskly subacid; pleasant flav- our; core medium; quality above medium; season October. Tree an upright grov/er, hardy ar.d prcductive. Scions obtained from the late J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa, Langford Beauty (Russell).— Originated in Russell County, Ontario: — Fruit medium to above medium in size; roundish to oblate; skin pale yellow, almost or com- pletely covered with deep red; dots few, grey, not prominent; cavity shallow, open; stem long, slender; basin shallow, open, slightly wrinkled; calyx closed; flesh white,, tender, melting, juicy, subacid, with a pleasant flavour, having a suggestion of Fam- euse about it, slightly astringent; core large; quality good; season middla of August to middle of September. Tree vigorous. Top grafted on Wealthy at the Central Ex- perimental Farm; it has produced good crops every other year. It ripens unevenly end drops badly, making it more desirable for home use than for commercial purposes. The apple described under the name of Russell in Bulletin No. 37, Experimental Farms Series, has been found to be the same as this variety. Lord. — A seedling of Wealthy, originated in Minnesota: — Fruit roundish conical; size medium; cavity deep, medium width; stem medium length, moderately stout; basin deep, narrow to medium, slightly wrinlded; calyx partly open; colour pale yel- low almost covered with crimson; dots obscure; skin thick, rather tough; flesh white tinged with red near skin, moderately juicy, tender; core small, briskly subacid, pleas- ant flavour; quality above medium to good; season November. A handsome apple, but not specially promising. Not juicy enough. Newell (Orange Winter). — Originated in Wisconsin: — Fruit oblate conic; size large; cavity deep, open; stem short, moderately stout; basin narrow, medium depth, wrinlvled ; calyx open ; colour yellow, slightly washed with pink ; dots fairly numerous, £rey, distinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh yellow, crisp, moderately juicy; core medium size; subacid, spicy, good flavour; quality very good. Season, mid to lute winter. Tree moderately productive, but not as hardy, as some others. A pleasant dessert apple, but fruit is not attractive. May be useful. Newtown Spitzenburg (Flushing Spitzenburg) — Originated on Long Island, N.Y. : — Fruit oblate to roundish, conical; above medium to large; cavity deep, narrow slightly russeted; stem short, moderately stout to slender; basin narrow, shallow, smooth, calyx open; colour yellow, well splashed and washed with deep orange red; dots fairly num-erous, large, grey or yellow, distinct; skin moderately thick, tough; 102 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 flesh yellow, very tender, juicy; core medium, open; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour; quality good; season early winter. October. — Originated in Minnesota: — Fruit roundish, angular; size medium to below; cavity deep, medium width, slightly russeted; stem medium length, moderately stout; basin shallow, medium width, considerably wrinkled; calyx closed or partly open; colour yellow, splashed and washed with deep red; dots few, yellow, indistinct; skin rather thick, tender; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, crisp, tender, moderately juicy, briskly subacid; core medium; quality almost good; season late September and early October. Tree vigorous and productive but fruit is very subject to dry rot making this variety quite undesirable. Kenaud ( Argenteuil) — Originated in Argenteuil Co., Que. : — Fruit medium size, form oblate, irregular, angular ; cavity narrow, medium depth ; stem short, slender ; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx closed; colour greenish yellow splash- ed and streaked with dull purplish red; dots obscure; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh yellowish, juicy, tender; core medium; briskly subacid, pleasant but not high flavour ; quality above medium ; season late winter. May be useful but is not attractive. Springdale. — Originated in Arkansas : — Fruit roundish ; size medium ; cavity narrow, medium depth; stem clubbed, short, stout; basin medium depth and width, smootlh ; calyx open ; colour greenish yellow, well washed with dark red ; dots few, yellow, distinct; skin rather thick, tough; flesh white, firm, moderately juicy subacid; core small ; quality above medium ; season late winter. Not a very handsome apple, but is a good keeper. Titovka (Gipsy Girl). — Originated in Russia: — Fruit roundish conical, angular; size large to very large; cavity deep, medium in width, slightly russeted ; stem short, stout; basin deep, medium width, wrinkled, calyx closed or open; colour pale yellow well splashed or almost covered with bright red ; dots obscure ; bloom none; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh, yellow, firm, rather coarse, juicy; core small, closed; subacid, not high flavoured ; quality medium to above medium ; season early September to mid September. Tree hardy, vigorous and productive. A handsome apple. Walworth Pippin. — Originated in New Jersey : — Fruit roundish, obtusely conical, angular; size medium ; cavity medium depth and width ; stem short, slender ; basin narrow, medium depth, wrinkled; calyx closed; colour green with a faint blush; dots fairly numerous, large, white, distinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh greenish yellow, firm, juicy; core medium size; subacid, no decided flavour; quality medium; season late winter. Tree vigorous. Fruit does' not mature well at Ottawa. Stone. — Originated in Vermont: — Fruit large to very large; form roundish, irre- gular, angular; cavity narrow sometimes closed, shallow; stem short, slender; basin narrow, shallow, slightly wrinkled; calyx partly open; colour yellowish green, splashed and washed with dull, deep, purplish red; dots moderately numerous, grey, distinct; pkin thick, tough; flesh yerowi-^h, crisp, tender, juicy; core small; mildly subacid, spicy, good flavour; quality good; season mid winter to late winter. Appearance is rather against this apple, as it is not attractive, but it is a fair dessert apple. Tree apparently very hardy. "Winter Rose. — Originated in Dundas county, Ontario : — Fruit oblate ; size above medium ; cavity medium depth, narrow, lipped towards base of stem; stem short, moderately stout; basin narrow, shallow to medium, slightly wrinkled; calyx partly open or open; colour yellowish green well washed with dull red; dots obscure ; skin rather thick, tough; flesh white, tender, moderately juicy subacid; core small; quality REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 above medium; season early to mid winter. Tree hardy, vigorous and an early bearer. May be useful in the north. A CLOSELY PLANTED WEALTHY APPLE ORCHARD. Considerable interest has been shown in the results obtained from a small, closely planted Wealthy apple orchard at the Central Experimental Farm. There are 129 u-ees now living in this orchard, occupying about oi:ve-third of an acre. The trees were originally 10 x 10 feet apart, but a few have died. The trees were planted in the spring of 1896. Full details regarding the returns from this orchard were published in the annual report for 1904. In that report it was shown that the average net profit per acre from the time of planting was $54.13, and from the time of fruiting, $106.19. There was a heavy crop in the orchard in 1904, and the crop this year was medium. The total crop produced was 1,247 gallons, of which 631 was picked fruit and 616 windfalls. Part of the windfalls was sold in baskets as they were good apples, and they brought fair prices. The following sal^ were made: — SALE OF FRUIT FROM CLOSELY PLAN'TED WEALTHY ORCHARD, 1905. Esti7nated Sold, 203 baskets at I7i " 22 baskets at 20c " 2 bags at 25c " 42 boxes (Glasgow) at $1.46 .... Expenses, 1905. 225 baskets and covers at $5.25 per 100 *$ 11 81 $ 35 73 42 boxes at 14 J c 6 09 18 42 Freight on boxes 14 94 45 19 Commission on sales 6 92 20 93 Eent on land 0 99 3 00 Spraying 2 49 7 53 Picking fruit 9 00 27 22 Grading and packing fruit 8 41 25 44 Barnyard manure (8 tons at 50c) 4 00 12 10 Pruning ' 3 00 9 07 $87 65 $201 63 Net profit, 1905 34 09 103 13 Average net profit per acre per year, 1896-1905 59 03 " •' 1899-1905 105 75 These receipts and expenditures are estimated from about one-third of an acre ( * "^ ) and the estimated figures per acre are given on the assumption that the per- centage of sales in boxes and baskets would be the same from a full acre, A record is kept of the time actually spent in caring for this orchard and the other expenses incurred. Labour is valued at 15 cents an hour. There was no expense for cultivating since 1902, as the trees being close, cultivation is impossible. The grass that grows is left to die down and rot. As the trees were beginning to interlace, about half of them $ 35 52 4 40 0 50 61 32 per acre. $107 45 13 31 1 51 185 49 ,$101 74 $307 76 104 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 wore severely headed back in the spring of 1905, and the remainder will be thus treated next spring. The apples on the trees headed back were much larger than on the others, and while the crop was reduced somewhat the greater percentage of markct- sble fruit compensated to a considerable extent for the loss of crop. The orchard re- ceived a heavy application of barnyard manure in December, 1904. EXPERIMENTAL APPLE SHIPMENT TO GLASGOW, 1905. This year a small shipment of 80 boxes of apples was made to Glasgow by the steamer ' Lakonia,' which sailed from Montreal on October 5. One object of the shipment was to market the fruit raised at the Experimental Farm to the best advantage, and another was to compare the results from dift'erent methods of packing. Two styles of boxes were also compared. All the fruit was shipped in boxes 10 by 11 by 20 inches, and consigned to Thos. Russell, Fruit Bazaar, Glasgow, Scotland. 32 boxes XXX Wealthy, without any packing material in boxes, sold at 6 shillings per box. 26 boxes XXX Wealthy, with thin layer of Excelsior and a sheet of cardboard at top and bottom, sold at 6 shilling^ per box. 11 boxes Winter St. Lawrence, without any packing material in boxes, sold at 5 shillings per box. 11 boxes Patten's Duchess (Myers folding boxes), without any packing material in boxes, sold at 4 shillings per box. Total receipts for 80 boxes $ 109 09 Freight on goods : River and Harbour Duties, &c.. Marine Insurance: Commission and guarantee 33 91 Cost of boxes 11 65 Sorting and packing 14 40 Total expenses $ 59 96 Net profit $ 49 13 While the profit on this shipment is not large, it is very fair for autumn apples. In a small shipment of this kind the price of boxes and the cost of sorting and packing are greater than they would be if large quantities were handled. The following correspondence was received regarding this shipment : — ' Glasgow, October- 28, 1905. * We beg to send you herewith account sales for your consignment of 80 boxes of apples ex S. S. ' Lakonia ' and draft for L 15-8-9 sterling in payment of net proceeds, which please acknowledge. I trust the result of this experimental consignment will be satisfactory to you, and have to report that the fruit arrived here in good condition, and we could see no difference in quality or landing condition of the Wealthy packed witli Excelsior and the difference in boxes did not seem to make any difference in the carrying of the fruit, for although the Patten's Duchess packed in the new style of box (Myer's folding box) made only 4 — as compared with 6 — for the Wealthy, still this is accounted for by the fact that Wealthy are a much more popular apple here.' (Signed) THOMAS RUSSELL. Apple shipment to Winnipeg: — Fifty boxes of apples, consisting of Antonovka, Golden White and Anis were shipped to Winnipeg on September 21, 1905. After de- ducting freight and commission the net return from this shipment was $35.10, or about 70c. per box. REPORT OF TEE HORTICULTURIST 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Final statement of shipments made in 1904: — In the Annual Report for 1004 a statement was made regarding six trial shipments of apples to Ireland and Scotland. The prices obtained for the fruit and other details were given in the report, but as the charges on four of the shipments had not been received when the report was published it was not possible to give the profit or loss. As the markets were glutted with fruit when the apples were sold, and hence the prices obtained small, there was a small loss on these four shipments, although the other two gave fair profits. The net returns from the 350 boxes in question were $78.87, or 22.53 cents per box. The boxes cost 14ic. each and deducting this from 22 -SSc. there are left but 8c. for sorting and packing, which docs' not cover the cost of this work. IKDIVIDUALITY OF FRUITS. In the annual report for 1903 attention was drawn to the marked difference in yields of trees of the same variety of apple planted at the same time and under ap- parently very similar conditions. A table was published giving the yields of some trees from the time, the first records were taken until 1903. Following will be found the same table with the addition of -the yields for 1904 and 1905. It will be noticed that Wealthy, Tree 4; McMahan White, Tree 1; Mcintosh Red, Tree 1; and Patten's Greening, Tree 1, which had yielded the most up to 1903, still prove the most produc- tive, though some of the other trees have gained on them. It is of interest to note the variation in yield of the different trees from year to year. Trees are being propa- gated from the most productive and from the least productive trees in order to find if these characteristics are retained in other trees. Top grafts have also been made for the same purpose. APPLES — WEALTHY. (Planted, 1S9G)— Yielded in Gallons. G. 7. S. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1.5. 16. 17. Tree. 1899. 10 20 1-75 90 7-5 3-2.") 10 1-23 425 2 5 30 1900. 1901. 25 2 75 5 2 5 0 2-25 25 15-5 0 7-75 5 3o 0 100 n '5 25 •25 25 25 0 25 4-5 5 •5 25 3-5 25 4 0 0 10 1902. 24 0 19 0 21-5 1903. 270 7-5 1(30 4 5 1C04. 1905. 1 0 8 0 1 0 28 0 13 0 5 0 19 0 5 0 20 0 8 0 10 0 13 5 19 0 8 0 10 0 23-5 1 16- (1 Total Yielf] 1899-1905 39 0 39 0 37-5 103 25 88-25 59-75 72-5 45 5 80 0 68-75 750 55-0 750 67-5 83 25 7G-25 50 0 106 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 APPLES — JICMAIIAN WHITE. (Planted, 1888)— Yielded in Gallons. Total Tree. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1005. YieM 1H!19-1905 1 62- 0 830 20 147 0 1-5 141 0 400 47G:) 2 420 10 6 0 12 5 980 23 0 IIGO 30 0 32;S 5 3 320 35 0 290 49 3t 0 5 IS 4 0 0 550 03 0 03 34 5 0 5(1 0 07 0 lOS GO 0 0 410-5 30G-5 5 37-5 4-5 55 4G 0 0 49 0 5 "hiih" C.l 43 0 0 "72"6'" 98 90 0 0 300-5 () 29 0 360-5 7 •5 70 9-5 9-0 19 27 5 0 4 9 0 0 190 530 39 15 5 5 140 540 3; 35 0 5 143 0 8 210 0 APPLES — MCINTOSH RED. (Planted, 1890)— Yielded in Gallons. Tree. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. Total YieM 1899-1905 1 17-5 10 260 9-5 370 10-5 6-5 1-0 71-5 37-5 94-0 310 12-0 CO 109-0 72-0 373-5 2 168-5 APPLES — patten's GREENING. (Planted, 1892)— Yielded in Gallons. Tree. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902, 1903. 1904. 1905. Total Yield 1899-1905. 1 2 3 27 0 20 20 13-0 1-0 20 GO 310 35-0 14-0 1-5 6-5 190 1-5 190 40-5 5 710 24-0 220 120 17-5 15-0 55-5 67-0 15-0 21-0 84-0 7-5 260 45-0 54-0 34-0 06-0 G9-0 45-0 75-0 269-5 194-0 259-0 4 136-5 5 188 0 PLUMS. There was a good crop of plums this year, but most of the fruit consisted of Americana and Nigra varieties. A few European or Domestica plums had a light to medium crop. The largest crop of Domestica plums was from the Mount Royal, one of the Montreal seedlings. The Mount Eoyal and Eaynes are two of the hardiest of those seedlings and are very desirable plums. The Americana plums sold well. There were 457 baskets sold, for which $138.25 was received. The highest price received was 4Ti cents per basket, and the lowest, 22J cents. The average price was 29* cents. One new Experimental Earm Americana seedling of merit was named this year, a description of which follows: — REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIIST 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Kilmore (Yosemite Purple Seedling): — Size large; form roundish, slightly flat- tened; cavity medium depth and width; suture a distinct line; colour bright purplish red; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom moderate; skin moderately thick, moderately tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy; stone above medium, oval, consid- erably flattened, almost free; sweet, rich, good flavour; quality good. Promising. Season medium late. CHERRIES. As a rule the fruit buds of practically all varieties of cherries are winter-killed at the Central Exijerimental Earm. When, however, there are no very low temperatures there is a fair crop on a few varieties. Last winter the lowest temperature was only 20*6° F. below zero and there were no long spells of very cold weather, hence it was a little more favourable for cherries. As a result a few varieties produced fair crops. These were Orel 25, Vladimir, Minnesota Ostheim, Cerise d'Ostheim, Lithaur Weiclisel, Heart-shaped Weichsel, Griotte du JSTord, and Orel 24. The best crops were on trees of the first four varieties, which have in the past shown themselves to be of greater hardi- ness in fruit bud than others. The Orel 25 is probably the hardiest of all. PEARS. Pears are not a success at Ottawa, none of the better varieties having survived. The Flemish Beauty has proven the hardiest good pear, but the tree blights and it does not live long. At Oka, lower down the Ottawa river, this variety succeeds well. The Goliva Kurskaya, Dvinnoe Solovieff, and Zuckerbirn, which are among the hardiest and freest from blight, fruited this year, but they are all of inferior quality. Some seedling pears are being grown in the hope of getting some better hardy sorts. GRAPES. This was only a moderately favourable season for grapes. The crop was probably the largest that the vines have borne and the bunches were well filled and the fruit of good size and little affected by disease, but owing to the comparatively cool autumn and the cool nights the grapes did not become as sweet as they sometimes do. Robins were very troublesome and at the beginning of the season destroyed a large quantity of grapes, a flock of these birds apparently making their headquarters near the vineyard. The birds did not wait until the fruit was ripe the acidity of some of the varieties apparently suiting their taste. The varieties chosen were with thin skins, such as Canada, Brant, Peabody, Poughkeepsie and Delaware. There were 90 varieties which ripened. As this was an unfavourable season for early ripening, it will be useful to record the names of those which ripened first, as these may be relied on to ripen almost every year. Grapes ivhicli ripened earliest, 1905: — Florence, September 16, Champion, Manito, Early Daisy, September 18; Moore's Early, Early Ohio, September 20; Moyer, Golden Drop, Bonne Madame, Pattison, Campbell's Early, September 23 ; Janesville, Telegraph, Marion, Jewel, Canada, September 30. Brant and Peabody were nearly all eaten by birds, but they usually ripen about the same time as Canada. The Lincoln (Read's hybrid) grape, which ripened early last year, did not ripen this year until after the above named varieties, but the vines are in a low part of the vineyard and the nights being cool ripening was delayed. This is a very promising sort, being a heavy bearer with uniform bunches and fruit of rather good quality. 108 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Of grapes not yet described in this report the following is a rather promising va- riety for home use, being among the earliest : — Early Daisy : — This variety was originated by John Kready, Mount Joy, Pa. It was first planted at the Central Experimental Earm in the spring of 1901, has fruited for the past two seasons and has been one of the very earliest to ripen. Vine a medium grower and up to the present time rather a light bearer. Bunch small, moderately compact; fruit below medium size, round, black with a blue bloom; skin thick, tough; pulp firm; stones large; sweet but not high flavoured. Quality above medium. As early as Champion or earlier and much superior to it in quality. On ac- count of its extreme earliness it should prove valuable for home use. NEW BLACK CUEKANTS. In 1S8Y, when Dr. "Wm. Saunders, Director of the Dominion Experimental Farms, moved to Ottawa from London, Ont., he brought with him from his garden in London about 150 seedling black currants. These had been raised by Dr. Saunders from an extra fine seedling of a Black Naples seedling obtained by him from a former lot of seedlings grown in 1879. There are still growing at the Central Experimental Farm 28 of the best of those brought from London, and a few others originated at Ottawa. This number will be still further reduced in the next plantation. After eighteen years' experience with these currants, it is possible to form a good estimate of their relative value with other kinds now on the market. The following twelve varieties, which are given in order of productiveness, are practically all considered eeiual to any other named variety yet tested at Ottawa, and most of them are superior: — Ogden : — Bush a medium to strong grower and the most productive black currant tested. Bunches medium to small. Fruit uneven in size, below to above medium; skin moderately thick, fairly tender; briskly subacid; quality medium; ripens un- evenly. Season medium to late. Where great productiveness is desired and where Eize or quality is not important, this variety is recommended. Saunders : — Bush a strong grower and very proeluctive. Bunches medium size. Fruit above medium to large; skin thick; briskly subaciel; quality medium. Season medium. One of the most promising commercial varieties. This is already offered for sale in Canada. Kerry: — Bush a strong grower and very productive. Bunches medium to large. Fruit above medium to large; skin thick but tender; briskly subacid; quality above medium to good. Season medium to late. One of the most promising for commercial purposes on account of its great productiveness and good size of fruit. Ontario: — Bush a strong grower and very productive. Bunches medium size. I'ruit medium to above medium in size; skin moderately thick, tender; briskly sub- acid; quality medium to good. Kipens evenly. Season medium. Promising on ac- count of productiveness. Eclipse: — Bush a medium to strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit medium to large; skin moderately thick, fairly tender; subacid; quality good; ripens evenly. Season early. Promising on account of productiveness, size and quality. Magnus: — Bush a strong grower and very productive. Clusters medium in size. Fruit large; skin rather thick; subacid, good flavour; quality good. Season medium. Promising on account of productiveness, size of fruit and quality. REPORT OF TEE HORTICULTURIST 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Ethel: — ^Busli a strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit above medium size; skin rather thick; briskly subacid. Quality above medium. Fruit ripens evenly. Season medium. Promising on account of productiveness and size of fruit. Climax: — ^Bush a strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit above medium to large. Skin moderately thick, fairly tender, briskly subacid, good flavour; quality good. Season medium late. One of the most promising. Success: — Bush a medium grower, but productive. Bunches medium size. Fruit large; skin moderately thick, tender, subacid, good flavour; quality good to very good. Ripens evenly. Season very eai'ly. Promising on account of earliness, size of fruit and quality. Clipper: — ^Bush a strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit medium to large; skin moderately thick, tender; briskly subacid, good flavour. Quality good. Fruit ripens somewhat unevenly. Season medium late. Promising. Winona : — Busli a medium grower, productive. Bunches small to medium. Fruit above medium to large; subacid; quality good. Bipens evenly. Season early. Topsy: — Bush a strong grower, moderately productive. Bunches large. Fruit above medium to large; clings well. Skin rather thick; briskly subacid; good flavour; quality good to very good. Season medium. This originated as a hybrid between Dempsey's Black Currant and a cross-bred gooseberry (Houghton X. Broom Girl). From this cross five plants grew. Of these, four had gooseberry foliage and one, the Topsy, black currant foliage and fruit. EASPBERRIES. The raspberry canes were bent down in the autumn of 1004 for protection as usual and came through the winter, in most cases, in fine condition. The crop of fruit was good this year. Of all the varieties under test, the Herbert, a seedling originated by Mr. R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Ont., is decidedly the best for this district. This variety has already been referred to and described in the previous reports, but a few more words may b- ci !-0 cSO "p^ >> o ^ tC^ tcci -Jo u *"* u © S <*H l-l <*H 1-1 0) ■^ O . IE o o.-S O . o , .D m — taco ceo '-; o3 2 d) p S £f bcgo ^ aj r-l OiH 1, > ?. Q « Q O ^■" H < Oz^ Lbs. Oz. Lbs. Oz. June 6 June 24 June 27 July 14 7 1 23 4 22 11 i> 5 ,1 20 II 27 ,1 18 8 7 15 3 21 5 ,- 5 II 27 ,1 20 .1 18 7 H 10 44 19 7^ ., 7 ,1 26 1, 27 „ 14 7 7i 7 14] 19 5 n 7 „ 27 II 29 1, 14 5 6i 2 1 19 ^4 M 5 1, 26 „ 29 II 18 8 7i 11 2i 18 15 ., 5 II 24 II 27 1, 14 7 7 13 0 18 13 ,, 2 II 21 ,1 24 ,. 14 8 5 13 3| 18 10^ „ 5 ii 21 M 24 1, 14 9 5 8 8i 18 6i „ 5 II 24 „ 27 1. 11 6 5 3 2 17 134 „ 5 " 24 1, 27 ,1 18 8 H 15 4i 17 H „ 5 II 24 ,1 27 II 14 7 6i 4 154 17 8 „ 5 1, 24 II 27 .1 14 7 6 16 11" 17 34 1, 7 1, 23 II 24 M 14 8 6415 2 16 154 " ^ .1 21 1, 24 1, 18 10 6|12 113 16 i4;;< 11 7 1, 26 ,1 27 1. 14 7 6 4 14 16 124 „ 5 .1 24 1, 27 II 11 6 6 2 64 16 1 „ 8 II 29 1, SO ,1 18 6 7 18 9 16 1 II 2 II 23 II 27 1. 14 7 5| 3 15 15 124 II 5 ,1 27 July 3 11 18 6 5i 7 14i 15 84 ,1 2 „ 23 June 24 1. 11 8 5 4 13 15 74 .1 2 1, 19 II 24 II 14 6 43 7 84 15 6i 1. 8 II 28 , 30 ,1 18 7 6i 6 loi 15 2 „ 8 II 2.") 1 27 » 14 7 64 9 91 15 0 ,1 5 ,1 2S 1 29 ,1 11 5 H 2 61 14 12 I, 2 ,1 26 1 27 1. 18 8 G 6 5 14 11 1, 5 1, 23 1 24 ,1 14 9 5 8 34 14 11 II 5 ' 1, 23 1 24 .1 11 7 6 8 0 14 84 II 5 ,1 23 1 24 1. 11 7 6i 6 94 14 H II 5 I, 24 . 27 ,1 14 7 7:: 5 54 14 8 II 2 II 24 . 27 ,1 18 9 64 10 0| 14 6 11 8 II 27 1 27 .1 14 7 H 7 54 14 2| M 5 1, 28 1 29 .. 14 6 n 5 15^ 14 2i ,1 5 II 26 1 27 1, 18 8 64 7 0 14 Oi „ 5 ,1 24 1 27 II 18 8 64 12 H 13 15i ,1 7 II 26 , 27 II 14 7 6' 6 6 13 13 „ 2 ,1 25 1 27 II 14 7 5 3 6 Il3 12 „ 2 1, 21 1 24 1. 14 7 5| 6 151 13 5^ 1, 5 1, 26 , 29 1. 18 8 8 18 14 13 14 n 5 1, 26 1 27 „ 14 8 H 4 151 13 1 ,1 7 „ 25 , 27 1. 18 8 7 16 13 1 .1 8 1, 27 1 29 ,1 18 8 6| 18 6 12 15 II 7 ,1 26 1 27 1. 14 7 5 2 7i 12 94 1, 5 ,1 26 - 27 ,1 14 7 64 12 6 12 9| II 5 II 25 , 27 1. 14 7 6" 4 9 12 9 .1 6 ., 25 , 27 II 18 8 8 12 8 12 7 .1 5 1, 21 , 24 „ 18 10 12 8 12 7 „ 5 ,1 23 „ 24 .. 14 8 5 10 n 12 6 .1 4 1. 25 ,1 27 „ 14 8 Gi 5 15 11 144 ,1 5 II 24 ,. 27 .. 14 7 7 6 8 11 13 REPORT OF TEE HORTICULTURltiT 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 COVER CROPS. In recent years the English horse bean has proven valuable as a cover crop for liolding the snow in winter as it is tall and does not break down much, but as no seed could be obtained it was not used this year. It was planned to grow horse beans and rape together this year as a cover crop, the former principally to hold the snow, and the latter for a bottom cover. As horse beans could not be obtained, rape was sown broadcast alone in part of the orchard on July 2S, at the rate of 8 lbs. per acre, and when -n-inter set in averaged 17 inches in height. It formed a dense cover, killing out practically all the weeds. Owing to the height to which it grew it should hold the v^now well, and as leguminous crops have been used for the past nine years there should be sufficient nitrogen in the soil for some time. In another part of the orchard Hairy vetch, which had proven a very good cover crop, was sown in drills 28 inches apart on July 15. By winter it had made a perfect mat in most places, but had not made a strong enough gro^vth to hold the snow well. The most satisfactory results are obtained from Hairy Vetch sown in drills when the seed is sown about the middle of June. Work in determining the amount of moisture which different cover crops take from the soil was continued in the orchard this year by Mr. Erank T. Shutt, Chemist. EmTGOUS DISEASES. The Apple Spot fungus was not as bad as usual this year in most districts, but here and there it was very bad. In the orchards of the Experimental Earm, where spraying with Bordeaux mixture has been carried on regularly for the past thirteen or fourteen years, there is never any trouble with this disease, it being a rare sight to see any fruit spotted except among seedling trees which are not sprayed regularly; while there is good evidence to show that if the orchard trees were not sprayed the disease would soon spread. Ripe Rot, Bro"n"n Rot, of the Plum : — This is one of the most difficult diseases to control. At the Central Experimental Farm it did considerable injury to Americana plums this year, notwithstanding thorough spraying. As this disease spreads by means of spores which germinate early in the spring and penetrate the twigs from the leaves and flower buds on which they alight, all the diseased plums which harbour myriads of these spores should be destroyed in the fall if practicable, but as this often cannot be done it will be seen how important it is to thoroughly spray the trees early in the spring before the spores, which are carried from this diseased fruit, germinate. The first spraying should be made shortly before the buds break with poisoned Bor- deaux mixture or a sulphate of copper solution in the proportion of 1 lb. sulphate of copper to 25 gallons of water, A second spraying should be made with poisoned Bordeaux just before the blossoms open. These are two of the most important spray- ings. The trees should be thoroughly sprayed again after blooming with poisoned Bordeaux, and again about two weeks before the fruit begins to colour. When the fruit begins to ripen they may be sprayed with the ammoniacal copper carbonate, which will not discolour the fruit, and which should destroy many of the spores which appear in great numbers on the mature fruit. As the disease spreads much more rapidly from fruit to fruit when they are touching each other, thinning is a good practice if for no other reason than to reduce this disease. Thorough spraying and thinnino- will /essen the injury from this disease very much. Black Rot of the Grape : — "Wliile the black rot of the grape was not nearly so destructive this year as in 1904, and hence the results of spraying not so apparent, fruit growers should not neglect to spray their vineyards next year, as the disease 1^2 UXPERIMEHfTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 may cause even greater loss than it did in 1904. The first spraying should be made with Bordeaux mixture just before blossoming; the second just after the fruit hu3 set, and the third and fourth at intervals of about a week. There should then be three sprayings with ammoniacal copper carbonate. SPEAYING AND SPEAYING MIXTUEES. The practice of spraying crops for the prevention of fungous diseases and insect pests is not growing in popularity as rapidly as the good results obtained would warrant, and notwithstanding the fact that year after year the advantages of spraying are im- pressed upon Canadian fruit growers from many sources. Spraying at the best, how- ever, is an unpleasant operation and when the results are not always so apparent as killing potato beetles with Paris green, fruit growers are liable to get discouraged and decide to let spraying alone and take their chances. No greater mistake could be made. The good results from spraying to prevent injury from fungous diseases and injurious insects have been so frequently proven that spraying should be carried on by every fruit grower, just as he cultivates his field, in faith that good will result. Some years the results are not so pronounced as in others, but spraying is an insurance and the average results will well compensate for all the trouble and expense incurred. Thorough- ness in spraying is, however, essential. A spraying calendar was published at the Cen- tral Experimental Farm this year which will be sent free to any one applying for it. This calendar gives information as to the time of spraying for the various diseases and insect pests affecting orchard and garden crops, and the formulas for preparing the different fungicides and insecticides recommended, and this will be found most useful for reference. SODA BORDEAUX (BURGUNDY MIXTURE). The Soda Bordeaux, or Burgundy Mixture as it is known in Great Britain, is made with carbonate of soda or washing soda instead of lime for neutralizing; the sulphate of copper. Owing to the difiiculty of getting lime in many places in the country, and because of the occasional clogging of nozzles by the lime when it has not been properly slacked or strained, considerable attention has been given in Canada of late to the Soda Bordeaux. Moreover, the experience of those who have used it in lai-ge quantities in the old country for several years for spraying potatoes is that if it is applied when freshly made it will adhere better than ordinary Bordeaux. At least one, and perhaps several Ontario fruit growers have been using the Soda Bordeaux successfully for several years in spraying apple trees for the prevention of Apple Spot fung-us. It does not discolour the fruit as much as ordinary Bordeaux and is liked on this account. It is not, however, recommended instead of Bordeaux mixture for spraying fruit trees, as sufficient evidence has not yet been obtained of its relative value. During the past season several Canadian fruit growers used the Soda Bordeaux for the first time and with it Paris Green. Considerable injury to foliage resulted. The cause of this injury is explained by Mr. F. T. Shutt, Chemist, Experimental Farms, in the August number of the Canadian Horticulturist, where he writes : — ' "When Paris green is mixed with ordinary Bordeaux it is not dissolved, but remains in suspension and experience has shown that no injury results from the use of such a spray. When, however, Paris green is added to Burgundy mixture it is partly dissolved by the excess of washing soda used in the preparation of the spray and a soluble arsenical compound formed which is more or less corrosive to foliage. It has long been known that soluble arsenical compounds have this injurious effect upon foliage, and consequently cannot be used in insecticidal mixtures.' In some experiments conducted by Mr. Shutt at the Central Experimental Farm, the details of which will be found in his annual report for this year, it was shown that injury to foliage resulted when arsenical poisons were REPORT OF THE HORTICULTUniST 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 used with the Burgundy mixture. It ■will, therefore, be readily seen that no arsenical poison should be used with Burgundy mixture for fruit trees. In some potato experiments conducted during the past year we have not noticed any injury to the vines from the use of Paris green with the Burgundy mixture, although slight injury not detected, may have occurred. The formula for Soda Bordeaux mixture was published in the report of the Horticulturist for 1902. The following formula has been used with success for spraying potatoes for the prevention of blight and rot, although the results were not quite as good as with ordinary Bor- deaux. The details of the results will be found among the potato experiments in this report. SODA BORDEAUX (BURGUNDY MIXTURE) FOR POTATO BLLIGHT AND ROT. Copper sulphate (bluestone) 6 lbs. Washing soda (carbonate of soda) 7^ lbs. "Water (1 barrel) 40 gallons. • Dissolve copper sulphate as for Bordeaux mixture. Dissolve washing soda in about 4 gallons of water. Pour the copper sulphate solution into a barrel, half fill the barrel with water, then stir in the solution of washing soda, and finally fill the barrel with water. It is now ready for use. The Soda Bordeaux adheres better to the foliage when freshly made than the ordinary Bordeaux mixture, but it deteriorates rapidly in this respect and must be used as soon as made. If left to stand for twenty-four hours it will have lost nearly all its adhesiveness. The Soda Bordeaux is not recommended in preference to the ordinary Bordeaux mixture, but where lime cannot be obtained it may be used with good results. Furthermore, on account of its freedom from gritty matter, there is less lUvclihood of the nozzles becoming clogged when it is used. As washing soda is considerably more expensive than lime, this mixture costs more than the ordinary Bordeaux mixture. If Soda Bordeaux is used for fruit trees it should be made in the proportion of copper sulphate, 4 lbs.; washing soda, 5 lbs., water (1 barrel), 40 gallons, but no arsenical poisoti should be used with it. NEW FOEMULAS FOR KEROSENE EMULSION. Kerosene emulsion has for a number of years been one of the best remedies for sucking insects, but as it is somewhat troublesome to make, efforts have been made from time to time to find some other way in which kerosene could be safely used as •an insecticide. As kerosene does not mix with water it is necessary to apply it in the form of an emulsion in order that it may be well distributed, and thus not cause in- jury to the tree. In 1904 Prof. Close, of the Delaware Experiment Station, discovered that lime could be used instead of soap as an emulsifying agent. By mixing 1 lb. of limoid, or slaked lime, with 1 quart of kerosene and then diluting with water to tlie percentage desired and churning for five minutes by means of the liquid pumped through a coarse nozzle, an emulsion was formed which kept the kerosene in suspension for several weeks. He called this mixture the K-L Mixture, from the initial letters .of kerosene and limoid. Limoid is a very fine preparation of lime manufactured in the United States and not obtainable in Canada. In order to learn if good lime, well slaked would not answer the same purpose, several experiments were planned and car- ried out in the chemical laboratory at the Central Experimental Farm in conjunction with Mr. F. T. Shutt. Chemist. The following results were obtained: — 1. Freshly slaked lime makes a smoother emulsion and one that stays in suspension longer than one made with ordinary air slaked lime; the latter, however, furnishes a satisfactory emulsion if it is not too much carbonated by long exposure to the air. 16—8 114 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 2. By using lime slaked immediately before mixing the quantity may be materially reduced, A perfect emulsion can be made by slaking ^ lb. of good quick lime and emul- sifying with 1 quart of kerosene and 2 gallonis of water. A further advantage in using freshly slaked lime for orchard purposes lies in the fact that it more thoroughly whitens the trees than the emulsion made with the air- slaked lime. This enables the operator the easier to observe the degree of thoroughness with which the spraying is done. 3. By the use of freshly slaked lime less time is needed for the churning in order to bring the mass to a perfect emulsion. From three to five minutes will be found suffi- cient to make the emulsion. 4. It is not apparently a matter of much moment that the lime be dry and powdery when mixed with the kerosene. Excellent emulsions have been made both from the air- slaked and freshly slaked lime when they have been quite moist or even made into a ♦hin cream with water before adding the kerosene. FLOUR EMULSION. Wliile conducting the experiments already referred to, it was discovered by ^Ir. Shutt that flour could be successfully substituted for lime. It was found by experiment that 8 ounces of flour was sufficient to hold in suspension 1 quart of kerosene, and even 2 ounces would make a temporary emulsion for immediate use. If the flour were scalded before adding the kerosene 2 ounces were found sufficient to make an emul- sion which would stay up for more than a week. The operation of making kerosene emulsion with flour is very simple. The kerosene is first poured into a dry pail or barrel, the flour is then added and the two stirred together. Water is now added to make the desired percentage and the emulsion is then made by churning vigorously for about four or five minutes. If made in the proportion of 1 quart kerosene to 2 gallons of water the emulsion will contain about 11 per cent of kerosene, which is a safe amount to use for most plants in summer. The flour emulsion is smooth, readily and easily atomized, and does not clog the nozzle. Although no free kerosene will appear for several days at least, any separation into layers may be readily overcome or remedied by simply stirring the mixture. When the flour em.ulsion is used there is no noticeable whitening of the tree or foliage, which is an advantage where ornamental shrubs are to be treated and where the whitening of the foliage is objectionable, but this is a disadvantage, however, in spraying fri;it trees where the thoroughness of the work is of prime importance, as when the flour emulsion is used one cannot so readily see if the work has been well done. The chief advantages of the flour emulsion are that it is easily made, and also can be used when good lime cannot be obtained. This flour emulsion may be added to Bordeaux mixture, and Bordeaux mixture and Paris green if desired. Experiments conducted at the Central Experimental Farm this year to test the eSect of the lime and flour kerosene emulsions were not conclusive, but the indications are that these emulsions are not so effective as the ordinary kerosene emulsion made with soap, the soap evidently playing an important part in the destruction of sucking insects. In reply to a letter addressed to Mr. E. D. Smith, M.P., who had used the Kero- sene Emulsion made with flour in fighting aphis on his nursery stock in 1905, the fol- lowing letter was received: — Dear Sm, — ^Yours to hand in regard to the kerosene emulsion with flour. It worked very well. We had no trouble when it was thoroughly agitated. We had no damage from tlie use of it, as we have had in previous years when made in the old v;ay. Yours truly, E. D. SMITH. REPORT OF THE HORTICVLTVRIST 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 VEGETABLES. farmers' list of best vegetables. The results of variety tests of vegetables for the past eighteen years are sum- marized in the following table, where a list is given of the varieties of each kind of vegetable which are considered the best to plant: Asparagus. — Conover's Colossal is the best all round variety, but this is more "ubject to rust than Palmett-o or Argenteuil. Beans. — Keeney's Rustless Golden Wax or Wardwell's Kidney Wax, for early crop; Early Refugee, for medium; and Refugee or 1,000 to 1, for late crop, are the most satisfactory dwarf varieties. Asparagus, Lazy Wife and Old Homestead are three of the best pole varieties. Beets. — Egyptian Turnip, Meteor and Eclipse are three of the best. Borecole or Kale. — Dwarf Green Curled Scotch is the best. Broccoli. — ^White Cape. Brussels Sprouts. — Improved Dwarf is the most satisfactory. Cahhage. — Early Jersey Wakefield (early), Succession (medium), Late Flat Dutch. Houser, Drumhead Savoy (late), Red Dutch (red), is a select list of the best varieties of cabbage. For extra early use, Paris Market is desirable, being a week earlier than Early Jersey Wakefield. Cauliflowers. — Early Dwarf Erfurt and Early Snowball. Carrots. — 'Chantenay is one of the best, but if a good extra early sort is required the Early Scarlet Horn can be planted with advantage. It is a small variety. Celery. — Golden Self -Blanching (Paris Golden Yellow), Improved White Plume (early). Perfection Heart-well, White Triumph, London Red (late) are among the best. Corn, — Early Fordhook, Early Cory (early), Crosby's Early, Golden Bantam, Henderson's Metropolitan (second early). Perry's Hybrid, Stabler's Early, Early Evergreen, and Black Mexican (medium), Stowel's Evergreen, Countiy Gentleman (late). In planting, the Country Gentleman should not be omitted, as it lengthens the season very considerably and is of fine quality. Cncumhers. — ^Peerless White Spine or White Spine, Cool and Crisp, and Giant Pera are three of the most satisfactory slicing varieties. Boston Pickling is a good pickling sort. Egg Plant. — New York improved and Long Purple succeed best. Lettuce. — Black Seeded Simpson, The Morse, (early curled) ; New York, Giant Crystal Head, Crisp as Ice, and Improved Hanson (curled cabbage) ; Improved Sala- mandar. Tennis Ball (cabbage); Trianon and Paris (Cos lettuce). Melons, Mush. — Long Island Beauty, Hackensack and Montreal Market, of the Nutmeg type ; Surprise, Christiana and Emerald Gem, of the yellow fleshed types, are all good. Melons, \Yater. — Cole's Early, Salzer's Earliest, Ice Cream, Phinney's Early are good early water melons. Onions. — Yellow Globe Danvers and Large Red Wethersfield are two of the best onions in cultivation. Parsnips. — Hollow Crown and Dobbie's Selected are both good sorts. Parsley. — Doubled Curled is as good as any. Peppers. — Cayenne, Chili and Cardinal, are three of the best. 16— 8i 116 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Pease. — Gregory's Surprise, Thos. Laxton, Gradus, American Wonder, Premium Gem (early); McLean's Advancer, Nott's New Perfection, Heroine (medium). JSTone of these are tall growing- varieties. Stratagem, Juno (dwarf). Telephone (late). Ex- celsior is a promising second early sort. Potatoes. — Extra early; Rochester Rose, Early Ohio, Early Andes (pink), Bovee, Burpee's Extra Early (pink and white), Snowball and Eureka Extra Early, (white) ; early; Early White Prize (white), Vick's Extra Early (pink and white). Main crop; Carman No. 1 (white). Money Maker (white), Burnaby Mammoth (pink and white), Late Puritan (white), Dreer's Standard (white). Radishes. — Early; Scarlet White-tipped Turnip, Rosy Gem, French Breakfast, Red Rocket (red) ; Icicle (white) ; late: White Strasburg, Long White Vienna; winter: Long Black Spanish, Chinese Rose-coloured. Bhuha}-h. — Linnaeus, Victoria. Salsify. — Long White, Sandwich Island. Spinach.- — Victoria, Thickleaved. Squash. — Early: White Bush Scalloped, Summer Crook Neck; late: Hubbard. Tomatoes. — Early; Sparks' Earliana, Chalk's Early Jewel; Main crop: Brinton's Best, Trophy, Matchless (scarlet), Burpee's Climax, Autocrat (purplish pink). There are many varieties of tomatoes which are almost equal in excellence and productiveness. Turnips. — Early; Extra Early Milan, Red Top Strap Leaf. Swedes. — Champion Purple Top, Skirving's Improved. POTATOES. Although the potato crop in some parts of the provinces of Ontario and Quebec was much reduced this year owing to Blight and Rot, the yields in the experimental plots were good, and there was little rot there. The thorough spraying with Boi\leaux mixture which the vines received was undoubtedly the cause of such good results in an unfavourable season. In the uniform test plots the highest yield was obtained from the Dalmeny Beauty, a variety obtained from Scotland in 190i, which yielded at the rate of 475 bushels 12 lbs. per acre this year. This is an exception to most varieties from Great Britain, which usually gi\'e comparatively poor results here. The potatoes were planted in good sandy loam soil on May 22. The previous crop was tobacco, which had been well manured. The soil was ploughed in the autumn f ud again in the spring after which it was disc harrowed twice, and harrowed once with the smoothing harrow. The drills were made 30 inches apart and about 4 inches riecp with the double mould board plough. The sets, which had at least three good eyes, were dropped one foot apart in the drills. Sixty-six sets of each kind were planted aud covered with the hoe. The land was harrowed before the potatoes ap- peared above ground in order to kill weeds, and then kept thoroughly cultivated as long as possible. Practically, level cultivation was practiced, although the soil was drawn slightly towards the plants. The vines were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture five times and with Paris green when necessary. The potatoes were dug on October 5. Last year new seed of the Carman No. 1 and Carman No. 3 potatoes were ob- tained from the introducers, J. M. Thorburn & Co., Philadelphia, to compare the yield with those from seed which had been grown at the Central Experimental Farm for the past nine seasons. The difference in yield last year in favour of the new seed of Carman No. 1, was at the rate of 66 bushels 36 lbs. per acre, and of Carman No. 3, 171 bushels 36 lbs. The crop from these strains was kept separate and planted again this year with somewhat similar results, the new seed of Carman No. 1 yielding at the rate of 92 bushels 2i lbs. more, and of Carman No. 3 at ttc ra<:e of 66 bushels more per acre than the Experimental Earm seed. These results are very marked and indicate the benefits which are at least sometimes derived from a change of seed. REPORT OF TEE nORTICULTURIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Potatoes — Test of Varieties. 117 Name of Variety. Medium and Late Varieties. Dalmen y Beauty . . Rural Blush Ashleaf Kidney Manistee . Norcro.ss Carman No. 1 (New Se d, I'JOl) . . Sabean's Elephant Canadian Beauty I. X. L Pearce Ionia Ciay Rose Morgan's Seedling Empire State American Wonder fjeedling No. 7 Morgan's White Holborn Abundance Dooley ... Delaware Vermont Gold Coin Carman No. 3 (^ew Seed, ly04) . . . Enormous Dreer's Standard Late Puritan Uncle Sam Carman No. 1 State of Maine Buruaby INIammoth Empress Queen Money Maker Rose No. 9 Swiss Snowflake American Giant . . Doherty's Seedling Carman No. 3 Vick'sNo. 9 White Albino Charles Fidler Mammoth Pearl Dr. Maerker Cambridge Russet Evergood Xortheru Star , . •Tubilee Hibernia Maiden's Recorder Quality. Good. Med. to g. Good Medium. Good Med. to p. Medium. . Good Good . . . . Mediiun . Good.... Good. Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. Medium . Good. .. Good. 475 462 435 422 418 413 404 396 396 391 382 378 374 369 369 365 365 360 356 356 .347 343 343 334 330 321 321 316 316 30,S 299 294 286 281 277 277 277 277 272 204 255 228 228 224 198 193 17 12 36 24 36 48 36 48 24 36 36 12 12 48 24 24 3(5 12 12 24 12 12 48 48 12 48 36 12 12 12 12 48 12 48 48 24 36 36 Yield per Acre, Maiketable Bush. Lbs. 426 431 396 374 391 369 360 374 3 5 347 347 334 343 338 330 33 1 308 316 325 316 308 325 303 308 308 290 286 2.«1 272 228 228 272 250 242 264 255 242 224 246 250 154 206 102 154 171 110 48 12 36 36 48 12 36 36 24 12 48 24 48 36 48 36 36 24 30 48 48 48 48 48 12 24 24 48 48 48 36 Yield per Acre, Unmarket- able. Bush. Lbs. 30 39 48 26 44 44 22 30 44 35 44 30 30 39 30 57 44 30 39 39 17 39 26 22 30 35 35 44 79 70 22 35 39 13 22 35 52 26 13 101 22 00 70 26 83 17 24 48 36 24 24 48 i2 48 48 36 48 12 48 36 36 36 o6 24 ■is 12 12 i2 24 12 36 12 12 48 24 12 12 24 24 36 36 Colour. White. Pink. White. Bright pink. White. Pink and white White. Pink. Pink and white. White. Bright pink. White. Pink and white. White. Pink. White. Pink and white. Deep pink. White 118 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Potatoes — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. (Quality. Early Varieties. Good. Good. , Maule's Thoroughbred Country Gentleman Crine's Lightning Rochester Rose Reeve's Rose - Viek's Extra Early Early Carter Early Rose Clarke's Pride Everett Irish Cobbler Daybreak Quick Crop Rawdon Rose | Penn Manor Good. Early White Prize n . Peck's Early ,■ Pingree Early Sunlight . I Northern Beauty ... . . I Early Johnston Bovee Good. Early Elkinah Early Ohio Early Andes Eureka Extra Early Snowball p]arly Superior Early St. George Good. Burpee's Extra Early Early Envoy Van Orman's Earliest ... Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 396 382 374 352 343 338 321 294 290 290 290 290 286 281 281 272 268 268 2C8 264 259 250 246 246 246 242 224 211 198 176 162 114 48 12 48 12 48 24 24 24 24 36 36 48 24 24 24 36 48 24 24 24 24 12 48 24 Yield per Acre, Marketable. Bush. Lbs. 360 347 347 303 308 312 290 259 242 242 242 233 250 255 250 242 242 220 215 228 224 176 224 220 220 176 198 162 162 132 132 83 48 36 36 36 24 24 36 12 48 12 48 36 48 24 24 48 48 Yield per Acre, Unmarket- able. Bush. Lbs. 35 35 26 48 35 26 30 35 48 48 48 57 35 26 30 30 26 48 52 35 35 74 22 26 26 66 26 48 35 44 30 30 12 12 24 24 12 24 48 12 24 24 24 12 12 24 48 48 24 24 48 12 12 48 24 24 24 24 12 48 Colour. Pink. 1 and white. Red. Pink. I and white. White. Pink. White. Pink. White. Pink. ti and white. Pink. White. Pink. Pale pink. Pink and white. Pink. White. Pink. 11 and white. Bright pink. Twelve best Yielding Potatoes — A^t:rage of Five Years, 1901-05. Name of Variety. Number of Years under Test. Season. Dr. Maerker Late Puritan i Carman No. 1 Money Maker Rural Blush Dreer's Standard *Burnaby Mammoth. I Pearce I. X. L 10 Canadian Beauty 11 Clay Rose 12 Sabean's Elephant. . . 7 12 11 11 17 12 13 6 13 8 11 11 Very late . . Late Medium late Medium .... Late , . Medium . Late Colour. White. Pink and reddish. White Pink and white.. . Quality. Medium to Good Deep pink. ...... ^Medium. White iGood . . . . Average Yield per Acre, 19U1 to 1905. Bush. Lbs. 456 452 447 439 438 434 427 425 422 422 420 418 43 46 55 7 11 17 41 2 50 24 38 * This variety was first grown under the name of Burnaby Seedling, and then procured under the nam^ of Burnaby Mammoth. The average yield given is from the new strain for two years, and the old one for three years. Smaller plots of potatoes. — This year a much larger number of varieties than usual was tested for the first time. A number of these was imported from Great Britain, but in most cases those from this source did not yield nearly as well as those REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 • from Canada or the United States. Our season is apparently too short for most of the varieties from Great Britain. Some of the new varieties were tested in the uni- form test plots, but the following 44 sorts were grown in smaller plots. Of these, three were new strains of old varieties obtained from the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. Potatoes — ^Yields from S:maller Plots. Name of Variety. Harris Snowball Snider Best Early . L. A.. Sovereign, Round Plains, Man. Merrill . . Early Pride Hard to Beat Potentate Enrly May Woltman Star ot the East Fan tail Rose Pearl of Savoy (0. A, C.) Empire State (O. A. C.) Wee MacC^regor Wiiite Mammoth . . Early Trumbull Early Bird Uncle Gideon's Quick Lunch NauEfht Six . Early Excelsior Washington Noroton Beauty Million Dollar American Wonder (O . A . C . ) New Reliance Standard Burpee's Extra Early (Burpee). ...... Babbit. New Climax . Canadian Red Sutton's Sion House Dewey The Scot Duke of York , Early Hero Vicktor Peacemaker Kightyfold Ninetyfold vSnowdrop Pride of Tonbridge Sir John Llewellyn Sharpe's Victor Myatt's Ashleaf Number of Sets Planted . 8 4 8 33 16 16 16 33 8 33 16 16 33 16 16 8 8 16 16 16 8 16 16 16 16 33 8 16 16 16 16 12 16 16 16 16 33 16 33 33 33 33 33 Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs, oC2 544 508 526 475 471 453 435 431 417 413 381 381 378 363 363 363 363 363 353 353 326 326 326 317 299 295 290 272 271 254 245 242 199 181 163 163 136 136 114 105 88 70 39 30 12 21 12 53 45 36 12 27 36 9 8 24 55 55 42 41 32 37 28 12 24 14 45 6 1 39 30 21 21 24 24 36 24 4S Yield per Acre Marketable Bush . Lbs . 544 490 471 508 378 381 381 363 352 399 343 344 299 343 308 326 326 290 272 335 317 290 317 299 254 245 246 217 190 235 199 217 193 145 145 145 127 114 90 70 79 61 30 3 54 12 24 9 9 18 12 51 28 12 33 42 42 24 15 46 37 24 37 19 6 1 24 48 34 27 39 48 36 12 12 12 3 24 45 24 12 36 Yield per Acre Un- marketable. Bush . Lbs . 18 54 36 18 96 90 72 72 79 18 70 36 81 35 54 36 36 72 90 18 36 36 9 27 63 54 52 72 81 36 54 27 48 54 36 18 36 22 45 44 26 26 70 52 9 27 18 9 48 45 36 36 12 9 24 18 48 12 27 18 18 36 45 9 18 18 4 13 31 27 48 36 40 18 27 13 24 27 18 9 12 21 24 24 48 POTATOES— TEST OF EESISTANCE TO BLIGHT. An experiment was conducted this year to determine whicli varieties of potatoes were freest from Might, and which of those freest from blight would prove most pro- ductive. The potatoes were planted side by side on May 27 in sandy loam soil, 33 sets of each kind being used. The plants were sprayed with Paris green to protect them from the potato beetle, but no Bordeaux mixture was used. Level cultivation was adopted. The kinds planted were those which in previous years had shown themselves freest from blight, but a few less resistant varieties were used with the object of giving the disease a foothold. Thirty-two varieties were planted. The Ilolborn Abundance, 120 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 which has been ^own at the Central Experimental Farm for the past seventeen years, proved to be the most blight resistant as well as one of the most productive. It yielded at the rate of 816 bushels 48 lbs. per acre. About equally as resistant to blight but much lower in yield were: June, 189 bushels 12 lbs. per acre; Bust Proof, 118 bushels 48 lbs. per acre; Sutton's Discovery, G6 bushels per acre. Almost equally resistant were Clay Eose, 215 bushels 36 lbs. per acre ; Rural Blush, 206 bushels 48 lbs. per acre, and Dx. Maerker, 158 bushels 24 lbs. per acre, and State of Maine, 149 bushels 36 lbs. per acre. The dates when the tops showed the first signs of disease; when the leaves were dead; and when the stems were dead, were all noted and the yield per acre rc- dorded of atl the varieties tested. The disease did eventually attack the foliage of those most resistant and as these are all late varieties some of them did not yield as much as other earlier kinds a little less resistant. The disease developed early this year, which accounts, no doubt, for the fact that the yields from some of the most blight resistant but latest varieties were comparatively small. It is evident that a variety can be so late in season that it will not resist blight long enough for a crop to be developed which will equal a variety a little earlier in season though apparently not so resistant. The potatoes from the best hills of the most blight resistant varieties were saved for the purpose of continuing this test in the hope that by careful selection more productive and more blight resistant strains will be developed. Spraying Potatoes to Prevent Blight and Rot. — The prevalence of blight and rot in the provinces of OntaTio and Quebec this year will, it is hoped, draw the attention of farmers more than it has done in the past to the value of Bordeaux mixture in pre- venting this disease. During the past fourteen years experiments have been conducted at the Central Experimental Earm with the object of testing different remedies, but up to the present time nothing has proven as satisfactory as Bordeaux mixture. An esti- mate of the cost of applying Bordeaux mixture has been given in previous reports and ♦iiis,a bulletin on potato culture published this year. Briefly stated, it may be said that the cost of four applications per acre was estimated at $5.52. As this estimate was based on comparatively small plots it would be somewhat reduced on large areas. As the disease may make its appearance any time during the latter part of July, it has been found to be the best practice to spray about the middle of July, or even before, if one has to spray for the potato beetle about that time. The formula recommended ia : 6 lbs. bluestone, 4 lbs. lime, 40 gallons water. Following are the results obtained from the use of Bordeaux mixture, including this year. It will be seen that the average increase from spraying for four years is at the rate of 92 bushels 31 lbs. per acre. At 40c. a bushel this would mean an average net profit per acre from the use of Bordeaux mixture of about $30, deducting the cost of application. 1901. 1902. 1904. 190.5. 1901 2-4-5. tj ' 1 D ' ■ ■Mil o -jT? 3 a 0 § > fl Ct g 1 > C S -g OJ ' G &^ £ O P a J w S 3 ^^^^^ •^^ CM- e yield Lif Mar Potato ayed and ed. e yield of Mar Potato ly ed and ed. 0 yield of Mar Potato ay ed and ed. e yield of Mai Potato lyed and ed. be Z V >> SC tl 5R >> to il S >»-- tc t! ? ■^■ aj 0.5 .7.- a. ver acr abl Sp tun spr > c3 c3 C»i -U M > C3 ciCcO « < < < <; < rfi j= ^ rC ^ P ^ s ^ 3 .fi 3 .^ 3 p^ pa 1-3 P hJ ea 1-3 P2 1-5 M hJ Sprayed 333 43 310 12 3G9 21 228 4 310 20 Unsprayed 233 11 189 51 30G 39 141 32 217 49 Average increase in yield per acre of Marketable Potatoes from spraying with Bordeaux mixture 100 32 120 18 62 42 80 32 92 31 REPOltr OF THE nORTICULTURIST 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 POTATO SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS, 1905. This year five comparative experiments were made, there being eighteen varieties in each test. The potatoes were planted on May 2G, 33 sets of each variety being used. Level cultivation was adopted. The figures given are the averages of the eighteen kinds tested. This experiment was practically the same as was conducted in 190-i, and in the report for that year fuller details are given regarding the different for- mulas and the relative cost of application. The Bordeaux mixture, Soda Bordeaux, and Bordeaux mixture and Bug Death were each applied five times. With the two first, Paris green was added when necessary. Where Bug Death alone was used it was applied twice dry and four times with water. Average Yield per Acre MarJcetahle Potatoes, 1005 (IS varieties). Bush. Lhs. Bordeaux mixture and Paris green 228 4 Soda Bordeaux and Paris green 211 27 Bordeaux mixture and Bug Death 182 7 Paris green only 141 32 Bug Death 107 33 TOMATOES— TEST OF VAEIETIES. The tomato is such a popular vegetable that it has received much attention in the horticultural department. Practically all the varieties which have been offered for sale have been tested during recent years, the greater part of which have now been discarded, although 54 sorts were tested this year. The Bright and Early, which heads the list for productiveness this year, has nearly always been one of the most productive. It is, however, too small for commercial purposes, but where weight of crop is the chief consideration this should prove a very valuable variety. It is smooth, regular in shape and of an attractive scarlet colour, but is below medium to small in size. The main crop varieties, which have averaged best in productiveness in the past and which are of good shape, are: Brinton's Best, Trophy, and Matchless (scarlet); and Burpee's Climax and Autocrat (pui-plish pink). The Marvel, one of the newer scarlet main crop varieties, is a very fine sort. Among early varieties. Sparks' Earliana continues to take first place. It is the earliest smooth scarlet tomato which has been tested. In the table containing the list of earliest varieties for 1905, it will be noticed that Sparks' Earliana (C.E.F.) gave by far the largest weight of early ripe fruit. This was from seed selected for the two previous years from the earliest ripening fruits of this variety at the Central Experimental Farm, and shows the importance of selecting and saving one's own seed when possible. In this instance the plants from the C. E. F. seed produced more than twice as much early fruit as that from imported seed. In addition to the six earliest tomatoes for 1905, the Dominion Day, Frogmore Selected, and Chalk's Early Jewel are three early varieties which produced more fruit up to August 10 than those in the table of earliest. The reason they were not included is that they did not produce as much ripe fruit before August 10 as some of the others, and hence could cot be considered quite as early. The Dominion Day and ChaUc's Early Jewel were, however, among the earliest six in 1904. Owing to the cloudy, showery and comparatively cool summer the yields are not as large as they have been in more favourable seasons. The seed was sown in hot- beds on March 29, and the plants pricked out into strawberry boxes on April 25, and kept in a cold frame until June 7, when they were planted in the open air. They were 122 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 planted four feet apart eacli way and five plants of each variety were used. The soil was a light sandy loam. The soil was kept cultivated until the plants covered the ground. The plants were not pruned or trained in any way in the test of varieties. Tomatoes — Twelve Best Yieldin-g Varieties, 1905. Name of Variety. Q -■5 O C5 abb i- c Yield of Ripe Fruit per acre to Aug. 10, 1905. IS '5 Eh Remarks. Bright aad Early July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July 27 2 2G 7 25 5 24 1 2 7 2G 28 24 J 1-3 4 5 10 2 G '■A 13 8 2 3 2 8 18 N o 12 12 12 4 12 8 12 8 a o 2,586 2,722 5,853 1,089 3,G75 1,G33 7,214 4,350 1,407 1,G,33 1,3G1 4,764 10,073 6 8 6 G 8 10 G 8 4 G 4 3 64 57 55 53 51 50 50 50 49 « 47 44 43 o 12 4 4 12 8 8 4 8 8 3 IJ 12 U 11 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 8 N o 15 1 12 5 2 1 13 8 Below medium size, regular, smooth, scarlet. Below medium size, pear shaped. Nolte's EarUest (C.E.F.) Thorburn's Earliest Nolte's Earliest Bond's Early Minnesota. scarlet. Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. Medium size, almost smooth, scarlet. Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. Below medium size, smooth, regular, purplish pink. Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. Chalk's Early Jewel The Marvel Medium size, smooth, regular, scarlet. Medium size, smooth, very regu- lar, scarlet, handsome. Above medium size, smooth. Freedom Frogmore Selected *Pparks' Earliana(C.E.F) 1 purplish pink. 8 Below medium to medium size, regular, smooth, scarlet. 13 Below medium size, smooth, scarlet. 10 Medium size, smooth, scarlet. Tomatoes — Siz Earliest Varieties, 1905. Sparks' Earliana (C.E.F) Maule's Earliest . . Money Maker . . , Sparks' Earliana . . Early Ruby. . . . Quicksure Conqueror July 24 18 8 M 2G 10 8 u 25 7 „ 27 7 „ 24 6 12 ,- 18 5 7 „ 26 4 8 10,073 4 43 5,717 4 3,811 8 3,811 8 39 . , 3,675 6-23 12 I 2,960 11 37 15 2,178 26 10 Medium size, smooth, scarlet, 11 Medium size,smooth to wrinkled, scarlet. Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. 7 6 7 7 i3|Medium size, smooth, scarlet 12 Medium size, smooth to wrinkled, j scarlet. 9|Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet. 5 Medium size, almost smooth I scarlet. * Note. — Imported seed of Sparks' Earliana yielded 39 lbs. ripe fruit of which only 7 lbs. matured, by Aug. 10. TOMATOES— EXPERIMENTS IN PRUNING. In the annual report for 1904, the results of an experiment in a certain method of pruning tomato plants were published. The exi)eriment was continued during the past season. The seed was sown on March 10, and the plants pricked out on March 30 ; and transplanted again into strawberry boxes on April 19. As soon r^ the plauts in the hot- REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 beds had six strong leaves ou them, which was on May 2 in 1905, the tops were nipped off and the plants given more room, being placed 5J inches apart. The object of pinching off the tops of the plant was to cause new shoots to develop at the axils of the leaves iii order to have six branches bearing tomatoes instead of the one cluster usually found at the top of the plant. These were planted out on June T alongside other plants unipruned. On July 4 half of the pruned plants were again pruned, all laterals being taken out, and the six main branches only being left. This left 20 plants for each system. The further*advanced the axillary shoots are when the plants are set out the larger the early crop is likely to be. In the following table will be found the results of the experiment with Sparks' Earliana for the years 1904 and 1905, and of Chalk's Early Jewel for 1905. It will be seen that there is considerable advantage in pruning by this method. Name of Variety. Date of First Ripe Fruit, 11)04. Date of First Ripe Fruit, 1905. July 23 Sparks' Earliana : Unpruned Priined once 1-^ug. 13. Pruned twice '-^ug. 12. Chalk's Early .Jewel : j Unpruned Pruned once Pruned twice I . . July July July July July July 18.... 25.... 25 . . . Ripe Fi-uit I Ripe Fruit First ThreelFirst Three Pickings, Pickings 1904. 1905. Lbs. Ozs. 9 6 18 Lbs. Ozs. 5 4 11 16 8 3 12 Total Yield of Ripe Fniit, 1904. Lbs. Ozs. 84 137 132 10 13 Total Yield of Ripe Fruit, 1905. Lbs. Ozs. 182 4 212 134 8 240 ii 256 173 12 Wliile the unpruned plants produced the earliest fruit, in the case of the Sparks' Earliana, the yield from the pruned plants for the first three pickings in 1904 was, from the plants pruned twice, double the crop from those not pruned ; and in 1905 more than three times from those pruned once (merely nipped off at top) than from those not pruned. The Chalk's Early Jewel, which is not quite so early, did not show such an advantage. The first three pickings represented the crop up to August 4. On August ]0 the crop of ripe fruit up to that date from the unpruned Sparks' Earliana was 17 lbs. 4 ounces; from plants pruned once, 56 lbs., and from plants pruned twice, 64 lbs. 8 ounces, showing nearly four times as great a yield from the pruned as from the un- pruned. The difference in the Chalk's Early Jewel was even greater. On August 10 the crop of ripe fruit from the unpruned up to that date was 13 lbs. 3 ounces; from plants pruned once, or simply headed back, 41 lbs., from plants pruned twice, 58 lbs. 4 ounces. This year the price of tomatoes was still high on August 10, and hence good returns would have been had from pruning. From the experience of 1904 and 1905 it would appear that the most early fruit is obtained when the plants are headed back before planting out and pruned once after planting. TOBACCO. The variety test of tobacco was continued this year and 49 varieties were grown. A few of the kinds which had done well in previous years were grown in larger areas, and following will be found a table giving the names of the varieties and the yields obtained from each. The tobacco seed was sown in a hotbed on April 8, the young plants transplanted to a cold frame on May 18, and set out in the open 3 by 3i feet apart on June 8. The soil was sandy loam which had been well manured with rotted barnyard manure. There was a hailstorm during the growing season which did much injury to the leaves and lessened the quantity of first grade tobacco. The plants were cut on September 14 and taken to the curing house. The tobacco was stripped during 124 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906 the latter part of November and early in December, and experiments in fermentation fiave been planned. Name of Variety. Nvimber of Plants. Weigh of 1st Grac t Weight of le. 2nd Grade. Weight of 3rd Grade. Total Yield per Acre all Grades. Condition when cut, Sept. 15. 2G5 32(i 41G 383 250 585 280 Lbs. ( 53 44 19 75 34 109 55 )z. Lbs. Oz. . ...^. ..... 8 24 8 2 52 4 Lbs. Oz. 12 11 19 37 7 42 10 Lbs. Oz. 1017 9 7:i5 G 458 12 1478 9 713 9 14.39 9 1022 5 Near ripe. Little Oionoka Ripe. Connecticut Seed Leaf Improved White Burley. . . Near ripe. Lacks Ripe. ARBOKETUM AND BOTANIC GARDEN. The winter of 190i-5 was a favourable one for trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, as there were no very low temperatures and there was a good covering of snow, hence there was no special injury to plants this year, although there was the usual killing- back of the half hardy and tender species. The summer season was a favourable one for growth and most of the specimens did well this year. There were 263 species and varieties of trees and shrubs planted in the spring of 1905, and when the records were completed in the autumn it was found that there was a total of 3,229 species and varieties of trees and shrubs living in the Arboretum represented by 5,010 si)ecimens. Among the interesting tilings planted this year may be mentioned a fine collection of Crattegus donated by the Arnold Arboretum. The herbaceous borders looked well this year, and additions were made to the col- lection there, making a total of 2,041 species and varieties of herbaceous perennials living in the autumn of 1905. There are, without doubt, some synonyms among the trees and shrubs, as well as the perennials, not yet identified, but the num.ber of these is not large. Following is a record of the information which has been published in previous reports regarding plants in the Arboretum and Botanic garden : — ■ In 1899 a catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the Arboretum which had been tested up to that time was published conjointly by Dr. Wm. Saunders and the writer. In this catalogue the scientific names of the trees and shrubs are arranged alpha- betically, and when a species or variety has a common name this is also given. The countries are named of which the trees and shrubs are native, also the year in which they are planted. Notes on the hardiness of the specimens were published in this bulletin. In the annual report of the writer for 1897 a descriptive list was published of what was considered ' the best one hundred hardy ornamental trees and shrubs,' and ' the best one hundred herbaceous perennials.' This list has proven very useful to many persons. In the writer's report for 1898 a short ' Additional list of Herbaceous Perennials' is given. In the report for 1899 another short descriptive 'List of Additional Good Perennials,' and a descriptive list of ' The Best Low Growing Flowering Shrubs.' The report for 1900 contains ' Descriptive Lists of the Best Woody and Annual Climbers,' and that for 1901 ' A Descriptive List of the Different Species and Best Varieties of Lilacs.' In 1902 was published ' A List of Best Spring Flowering Peren- nials,' in 1903 a list of ' Deciduous Trees, Shrubs and Climbers with Attractive Fol- iage, Bark and Fruit,' in 1904 ' A List of the Genera in the Arboretum with the Num- ber of Species of each Genus.* 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST. (Fr-ink T. Shutt, M.A., FJ.C, F.C.S., F.R.S.C.) Ottawa, December 1, 1905. Dr. Wu. Saunders, C.M.G., Director, Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the nineteenth annual report of the Chemical Division of the Experimental Farms. Investigations have been carried on during the past year in all the more important branches of agriculture, and many problems in connection with dairying, fruit grow- ing, grain growing, cattle feeding, &c., have received our attentioru Soils. — We are able to present data of an important character regarding the accumulation of nitrogen in the soil through the growth and turning under of clover. The results were obtained by the analysis of certain soils before and after the growth of clover, the period of the experiment extending over two seasons. In former years we have determined the fertilizing influence of the legumes by estimating the nitrogen they contained and by the increase of yield in the crop succeeding them. The method employed in the work now reported on is more direct and attacks the problem from another standpoint. It is a matter of interest to note that the results from all three methods practically agree, thus furnishing evidence of a most complete and satisfactory nature respecting this economic means of soil improvement. The study of the various factors by which the soil's moisture may be controlled has been continued, the exi)eriments being conducted, as during 1904, on the Experi- mental Farm at Ottawa, Ont., and Nappan, N.S. The object of the investigation has been to obtain information that would be of assistance in the rational management of orchard soils. Though the results here, owing to a somewhat hea-s^y rainfall, do not show the necessity of ciiltivation, the experiments at Nappan clearly demonstrate the injurious effect of a grain crop in the orchard and also indicate the benefit to be derived from the dry earth mulch, in localities in which a limited precipitation prevails. Closely associated with the growth of the legumes for soil enrichment is the ques- tion of inoculation : Is it necessary to inoculate the soil or the seed in order to obtain the best results with clover and Alfalfa? We discussed this subject at length in last year's report, stating our position regarding the practical value of cultures. This season we continued the research, using cultures kindly supplied by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D.C., and the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont. Though on the whole the results are more favourable than those obtained in 1904, I doubt very much if they should be construed as indicating that any general benefit would be derived from cultures in districts in which clover and Alfalfa have already flourished. Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides. — Under this heading will be found chapters on several interesting investigations relating to sprays and mixtures used in the destruction of insect and fungus pests, as follows: — (a) An account of Soda-Bordeaux and the injury to fruit trees that may result from the addition thereto of Paris green. (h) A discussion of some new forms of Kerosene Emulsion, including a review of the so-called lime emulsions, and a description of certain emulsions in which flour 125 126 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 was substituted for lime. The lime emulsions were first proposed and made by Pro- fessor Close, of the Delaware Experiment Station, and we found them fairly stable, homogeneous, easy to spray and not clogging the nozzle. The flour emulsions, sug- gested by the writer, were also shown to answer equally well, if required for immediate use. (c) The action of solutions of Formalin on the vitality of wheat has been ascer- tained and the strength of certain brands of Formalin has also been determined. The hirge quantity of this chemical now used in the ISTorth-west in the treatment of grain for the prevention of smut makes the information now given timely and valuable. (d) The relative efficiency of certain cyanides, used in the production of hydro- cyanic acid for the fumigation of trees and shrubs for the destruction of the San Jose scale is given. Fodders and Feeding Stuffs. — In addition to the tabulation and discussion of a number of analyses of concentrated feeding stuffs and condimental foods made during the past year, we present the results of the examination of the chief field roots, and show that marked differences in feeding value may occur. The influence of heredity or ' breed ' is also shown by examples of two well known varieties of mangels. Sugar Beets. — Three varieties usually grown for factory purposes, Vilmorin's Im- proved, Klein Wanzleben, and Tres Riche, as growm on the Dominion Experimental Farms during the past season have been analysed as to their sugar content. Well Waters. — One hundred and sixteen samples of water from farm homesteads have been received. The tabulated results from 83 of these are given, together with a short report on their quality from the sanitary standpoint. Samples Received from Farmers. — The number of these continues to increase. A large proportion of them have been examined and reported upon. This very useful branch of our work, though affording very little material for the annual report, is one, I believe, of immr.nse value to the farming community. It certainly entails a large amount of labour, but as it is distinctly educative and helpful in character, it must re- ceive attention, though at times, it undoubtedly interferes with the research work in progress. If, however, all branches of the work of the Chemical Division are to be maintained, further laboratory assistance will be necessary. The following table states the number of samples received, their nature, the pro- Tince from which they come, and those still awaiting examination. Samples Eecebed for Examination and Report No\'ember 30, 1904, to December 1, 1905. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Investigations Relating to Dairying. — These include tlie examination of milk pre- served by hydrogen peroxide as received from Denmark (the Budde method), the ana- lysis of a milk powder prepared from "whey, an inquiry into the volatile acid content of two-year-old cheese, and several other matters of more or less interest. The reports of these investigations are published in Bulletin Xo. 8, Dairy Series, May, 1905. Grades of Wheat. — In conjunction with the Cereal Division, an investigation to determine the value of the various grades of wheat (Manitoba Inspection Division) was undertaken in the early months of the present year. The results are presented, to- gether with those from the Cereal Divisi'^Ti. in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experimental Farms Series. The Winter Care of Manure. — This series of experiments was planned to ascertaiia the losses of plant food that may take place from December to April when manure is piled in large and small heaps, respectively. We are not reporting on the results this year, as it seems desirable to confirm the data by further trials. Correspondence. — From November 30, 190i, to December 1, 1905, the letters di- rected to this division, in addition to those referred to us by the other departments of the farms, numbered 1,531 ; those sent out, 1,441. Acknowledgments. — The investigations and analyses undertaken by the Division have satisfactorily progressed, due chiefly to the painstaking and excellent work of the Assistant Chemists, Mr. A. T. Charron, M.A., and Mr. H. W. Charlton, B.A.Sc. My thanks are due to them for most valuable aid in carrying out the various researches here reported on. Mr. Charron, in addition to his duties here, has delivered a number of lectures en agricultural topics at Farmers' Institute Meetings, spending a month in the province of Quebec, and another month in New Brunswick. In all, more than 60 addresses were given. Mr. J. F. Watson has continued to discharge his duties in connection with the secretarial work of the division and has earned my thanl^s for the thorough and careful manner in which everything entrusted to him has been done. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, FHANK T. SHUTT, Chemist, Dominion Experimental Farms. THE NITEOGEN-ENKICHMENT OF SOILS THKOUGH THE GEOWTH OF LEGUMES. Many analyses of exhausted or, more correctly speaking, partially exhausted soils from cultivated areas have shown unmistakably that in the majority of cases the soil's constituents that have more particularly been dissipated through successive crop- ping and poor farming are organic matter (humus) and its concomitant, nitrogen. Again, it has almost invariably been found that our virgin soils of great productive- ness are well supplied with these constituents and that accompanying them there is a goodly proportion of the mineral elements of plant food in readily assimilable forms. As an illustration of the effect of continuous cropping and cultivation, without manure of any kind, on the soil's nitrogen-content, the following cases may be cited: During the past season samples of soils — virgin and cultivated, and from closely ad- jacent areas — were collected in the North-west Territories and analysed. The re- 128 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 suits show a marked decrease in the percentage of nitrogen in the cultivated lands. One series may suffice. Regarding the cultivated soil, we possess a complete and au- thenticated record of the cropping and fallowing since the prairie was first broken, 22 years ago. It had borne six crops of wheat, 4 of barley, and 3 of oats, with fallows (9 in all) between each crop since 1887. No manure had ever been applied. The Fample of virgin soil for comparison was taken from an adjacent area that had never been cultivated, the point of collection being about 120 feet distant from where the cultivated soil sample was taken. Both samples were of a composite character and every precaution taken to have them thoroughly representative. It may, further, be a.dded that there is every reason to suppose that the soil over the whole area examined was originally of an extremely uniform nature; in other words, that at the outset the nitrogen content was practically the same for the soils now designated as virgin and cultivated respectively. The results of the investigation are given in the following table : — Nitrogen. ~~ Per cent. Lhs. per acre. Virgin soil to a depth of 4 inches -409 3,824 Cultivated soil to a depth of 4 inches -257 2,402 Diflference, or loss due to cropping and cul- tural operations -152 1,422 Virgin soil, to a depth of 8 inches -371 6,936 Cultivated soil to a depth of 8 inches -253 4,730 Difference, or loss due to cropping and cul- tural operations -118 2,206 Though in all probability the virgin soil has gained somewhat in nitrogen during the period of 22 years, for that is the tendency with soils in sod, the increase could not have been such as to materially affect the deduction that a very considerable de- pletion of soil nitrogen has followed the practice of continued cropping with grain and fallowing. The results show that the cultivated soil is to-day still very rich, yet compared with the untouched prairie it is seen to have lost one-third, practically, of its nitrogen. This is highly significant. Humus and nitrogen must be returned, either as manure or by the occasional growth of certain enriching crops, or fertility will inevitably decline. The productiveness of many of our soils is due largely to the accumulation of centuries, but these stores of plant food may be and are in many places being unduly dissipated through irrational methods and with even our best soils it cannot be many decades before decreased yields will show the necessity of occasionally replenishing the soil's humus and nitrogen. The work of the experimental farms during the past fifteen years has shown that wherever climatic conditions allow, this replenishing of humus and nitrogen, this maintenance, and indeed increase, of fertility may be most readily and economically accomplished through the growth of one or otlier of the legumes — a family of plants possessing the unique and valuable property of appropriating the free nitrogen of the atmosphere. In establishing the manurial value of the legumes, the nitrogen-content of a number of those more commonly advised from the standpoint of soil enrichers has been determined. The results of these analyses are to be found in several of the past reports of this Division. Evidence has also been brought forward by determining the yields of various farm crops following the growth of clover or other legume. The data that we have accumulated on this important subject are volum.inous, but they all point in the same direction — the increase of productiveness following the growth of the legume. M P = I 3 o 'Ji ■2 -; T-i ri odd — ■*' »d ;d 5 iz; :?; ;z; o I £ o — _. _^ - 5 'd = ^~ z z> -^ ^ ? -S „ ^ 03 -J GC ^ ^^4; REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The experiments now to be described bad for their object the estimation of the amount of nitrogen that became part and parcel of the soil nitrogen through the growth of clover. By the analysis of the soil before sowing and after the decomposition of the legume it was thought that data of a valuable character would be obtained. The work was carried on in experimental pots and on a small plot simultaneously, soil poor in nitrogen being purposely selected for the investigation. The plan was to determine as accurately as possible its nitrogen content at the outlet, to sow it with clover, to return the crop to the soil and after its decay to again determine the soil's nitrogen. The experiments were continued over a period of two seasons. Pot Experiments. — Twenty-one pots, each having a diameter of 8 inches and a depth of 12 inches, were filled to a height of 9 inches with soil containing 0-0392 per cent nitrogen. These were sown with Mammoth Red clover on May 13, 1902. The pots were then sunk in the soil, level with the surface, so that moisture and temperature conditions for the clover might be as nearly normal as possible. On October 13 of the same year (1902) the crop (including the roots) was taken up, cut very fijie and re- turned to the soil — the cut clover and the soil being thoroughly mixed. Throughout the following winter the pots were kept in the laboratory building and the soil main- tained in a moist condition, so that the decay of the clover might be as complete as possible. On June 13, 1903, the pots were again sown with Mammoth Red clover, and the growth returned to the soil in the autumn as in the previous year. In the spring of 1904 (May 14) the soils were again thoroughly mixed and sampled, the undecomposed fibre being carefully separated, and analysed. The result was 0 0457 per cent nitrogen. Plot Experiment. — The plot used was %90 of an acre. Its soil to a depth of 8 inches was removed and replaced with soil thoroughly uniform throughout and containing 0 -0437 per cent nitrogen. The plot was sown with Mammoth Red clover on May 13, 1902. During the season's growth the clover was cut twice and allowed to decay on the soil. At the close of the season (October 17) the crop was turned under, the soil being stirred to a depth of 4 inches. In the following spring (1903) the plot was again sown with clover which made a very fair growth. This was cut twice and finally turned under as during the previous year. On May 14, 1904, the soil of the plot was sampled to a depth of 4 inches and its nitrogen-content determined. This was now 0 -0580 per cent. The following tabulated statement permits of a ready review of the results obtained: — ISTiTROGEX — Content of Soil before and after the Growth of Clover. Pot Experiment. Nitrogen. Percentage (in water-free soil). Pounds per Acre to a depth of 9 inches. Before experiment After experiment . Gain due to two years' growth of clover Plot Experiment. •0392 •0457 •0065 1,076 1,255 179 Before experiment After experiment . •0437 •05S0 Gain due to two years' growth of clover •0043 To a depth of 4 inches. 533 708 175 16— £ 130 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1905 The data furxiisli further evidence of a very satisfactory character concerning the manurial value of clover. In one set of trials, two seasons of clover had enriched the soil with nitrogen to the amount of 179 Ihs. per acre, calculated to a depth of 9 inches ; in the other, calculated to a depth of 4 inches, the increase was 175 lbs. per acre. This nitrogen, although not present in an immediately available condition, is associated with readily decomposable organic matter and would be set free for the use of succeed- ing crops.* INOCULATION FOR THE GROWTH OF LEGUMES. A statement regarding the results of work carried on in this investigation since 1896, by the Experimental Earms, was given in the report of this Division for last year (1904). After briefly recounting the results we had obtained from the use of German and American cultures, the opinion was expressed that the necessity for inoculation was by no means so great as was supposed by many; in other words, that the soil bacteria that serve to fix the nitrogen in the legumes had been found to be widely distributed over the Dominion. Our experience this year confirms this view. During the past sea- son, clover plants have been received from several districts in Manitoba, all bearing nodules on their roots. Observation has gone to show that in the majority of cases in which there has been failure to obtain a good catch of clover that one or more of the following causes have been to blame rather than the absence of the necessary bacteria : Deficiency of moisture ; unsuitable mechanical condition of the soil, due to lack of humus, inadequate drainage, or improper working of the soil; acidity or sourness of the soil ; poor seed ; or, if the crop failed the second season, the severity of the winter. Last season (1904) we experimented with the new cultures for clover and alfalfa supplied by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D.C. The results were, on the whole, unsatisfactory, and we were consequently not in a position to report very favour- ably. This season we have continued the investigation with the Washington cultures, and also have experimented with those supplied by the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, the latter being kindly furnished by Prof. Harrison, BacteriologLst. The trials were conducted in pots and plots. POT EXPERIMENTS. These were made in clean, new flowers pots, with a diameter at the top of 11 inches and a depth of 13 inches. The soil was a light sandy loam of poor quality. After sow- ing, the pots were plunged, the rim (2 inches) only being above the surface of the soil. This was done in order to avoid as far as possible sudden changes in temperature and moisture content. The inoculating fluids were prepared in accordance with instructions received with the cultures. In the case of the ' seed inoculated,' the seed was imm-ersed in the cul- tural preparation for a few minutes and then allowed to dry by exposure to the air; with the ' soil inoculated ' the inoculating fluid was used to moisten the soil to a depth, approximately, of one inch. The same number of seeds were sown in each pot. j^oto, — The relatively larger increase in nitrogen obtained in the plot experiment may be accounted for by the fact, often observed, that the greater part of the root system of the clover lies in the first or upper six inches of soil. It is also possible that there had been a more complete decomposition of the clover in the plot than in the pots. REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Clo\'er: Weight of Fresh Material, in Grams. 131 Date of Cutting. 0. A. C. CtJLTUEE, Sown 6th Mat, 1905. Washington Culture, Sown 13th Mat, 1905. Un- treated. Seed In- oculated. Soil In- oculated. Un- treated. Seed In- oculated. Soil In- oculated. July 17 August 12 . 125-7 125-8 123-2 124-2 183-3 143-2 128 6 175-3 140-5 109-7 113-7 143-5 91-9 146-4 149-4 110 0 141-3 September 30 161-9 Tot.als 374-7 450-7 444-4 3G6 9 387-7 413-2 On the date of the first cutting, July 17, no difference in vigour of gro-wth could be observed between the O. A. C. culture pots, and the -waights of the crops then taken sho-w- that the growth was practically the same in the treated and untreated pots. With regard to the Washington culture pots, the same might also be said, though the crop from the ' seed inoculated ' fell somewhat behind that of the other two pots. The data of the second and third cutting, however, show in nearly every instance a marked increase of growth from the treated clovers, so that the total weights of foliage produced in the season from them exceeded those of the untreated and check pots. Larger returns were obtained from the 0. A. C. than from the Washington cultures ; the results, however, do not make clear whether seed or soil inoculation was the more effective. We may now similarly consider the dtita from the Alfalfa. Alfalfa: Weight of Fresh Material, in Grams. Date of Cutting. 0. A. C. Culture, Sown 6th May, 1905. Washington Culture, Sown 9th Mat, 1905. Un- treated . Seed In- oculated . Soil In- oculated . Un- treated. Seed In- oculated . Soil In- oculated . July 17 August 8 September 19 58-1 71-5 74-9 47 3 711 98-9 55-5 83-1 110-5 69-0 78-8 96-7 63-6 72-6 104-8 51-3 99 6 141-4 Totals 204-5 217-3 249-1 244-5 241-0 292 -3 It will be noticed that as in the case of the clover, the first cuttings of Alfalfa showed no increase from the inoculated pots, indeed, the untreated seed in each case gave slightly higher yields. At the time of the second cutting, the ' soil inoculated ' alone showed an advantage. An increase, however, was observed when the third cutting was made in treated AKalfas, more especially in the ' soil inoculated ' pots. Consider- ing the total yields, it will be seen that it is only in the latter that any benefit has Veen derived from the cultures. The differences throughout are not large and, there- fore, can scarcely be used as an argument to prove the practical value of the Alfalfa cultures. These pots, both clover and Alfalfa, are being kept over the winter in the hope that their respective yields may be obtained next season. 16— 9J 132 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 PLOT EXPERIMENTS. Clover, 0. A. C. Culture. — Adjoining areas of fairly uniform soil, each 33 by 32 ■•"eet, were sown with inoculated and untreated seed. The date of sowing was May 9. Owing to the appearance of weeds, the first cutting was raked off and not weighed. The yields of subsequent cuttings were weighed as hay. Cutting, August 9 Sept. 27 Total From Untreated Seed. Lbs. Ozs. 15 30 13 14 46 11 From Inoculated Seed. Lbs. Ozs. 20 39 59 12 1 13 Clover, Wasliington Culture. — These plots were also contiguous, each measuring SO by 12 feet. The date of sowing was April 25. The first cutting was raked off and not weighed, owing to weeds. From Inoculated Seed. Cutting, August 9 Sept. 27 Total From the inoculated seed, in both instances, larger yields of hay were obtaine-d. Alfalfa. — Owing to insiifficient drainage on one of the plots used in the experiment with Washington culture the results were vitiated, and accordingly are not given. With the O.A.C. culture, the plots were 33 by 22 feet, and adjoining; the soil, as far as could be judged, was fairly uniform throughout. Culture— Ontario Agriculture College. From Inoi'ulated Seed. Cutting, July 11 " Aug. 9 Sept. 27 Total We could not say that inoculation had decreased the yield, the falling off is most possibly due to other causes, but the fact remains that a heavier crop of Alfalfa hay was obtained from untreated seed in all three cuttings. It is to be hoped that the plants on all these plots will survive the winter, so that the effect of the cultures during the second season of growth may be determined. At the close of the season a number of roots, both of Clover and Alfalfa, from all the plots were carefully examined, but no difference in either the size, number or dis- tribution of the nodules was to be observed, indicating that the soil of the experimental farm is well supplied with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 THE CONTEOL OF SOIL MOISTUEE IN ORCHAKD SOILS. EXPERIMENTS AT THE EXrERIMEXTAL FARil, OTTAWA, OXT. Various phases of the ' cover ' croiD system have been under examination for a number of years past in the orchards of the Experimental Farms at Ottawa, Ont., and Nappan, IST.S., the two chief points receiving attention from the Chemical Division being the control of the soil's moisture throughout the spring, summer, and autumn seasons, and the increase of the soil's fertility. These investigations have received discussion from year to year in the annual report, so that it merely remains to state the nature of the work of 1905 and to con- sider the results obtained. Two series of experiments, each comprising 3 plots, were instituted. In the first series we sought to ascertain the moisture-content of soil under a thick mulch of straw as compared with that of a soil constantly cultivated, and consequently covered with a dry earth mulch. A plot in which the soil was left undisturbed was also included, with the exxjectation that its moisture-content would be found to be less than that of either of the mulched soils. The object of the second series was to learn the relative moisture-content of soil carrying (a) a crop of Hairy Vetch, (h)a crop of tares, with that of a soil kept con- stantly cultivated. This work has been, as heretofore, carried on with the advice and co-operation of Mr. W. T. ilacoun. Horticulturist, to whom my thanks are due for much valuable aid. The past summer, as regards rainfall, was characterized by an ample and well distributed precipitation, and consequently the results do not show, as they do in so many of our previous trials, any marked advantage accruing from cultivation. Series I., Plots A, B, and C. — The first collection of samples was made on June 5, when plot C was heavily mulched with straw. The dates of cultivation for plot A were June 5, 15, 24, and 28 ; July 7, 22 ; August 4, 17 and 25 ; September 1, 13 and 25. riot B was left undisturbed, but as a crop of weeds appeared it was mown July 22, to prevent them from going to seed. St-ries L— Conservation of Soil moisture, C. E. F., Ottawa, Ont., 1905. Date of Collection. June 5. M 2G. July 10. M 24. Aug. 8 . „ 21 Sept. 5 . „ 18 Oct. 2. „ IG. Rainfall. Inches. *2-29 3 22 1-60 212 2 54 2-45 1% •04 1-30 1 40 Plot A. Cultivated. Water. Per cent. 15 87 20-62 23-60 18-25 18-84 17-71 15 07 15-21 17-81 19-43 Per acre. Tons. Lbs. 360 496' 655 426 443 410 339 342 414 4G0 1,012 874 1,578 1,280 1,269 1,383 217 1,648 250 1,756 Plot B. Undisturbed. Water. Per cent. -07 ■21 -95 ■92 ■77 60 ■99 -52 •14 •31 Per acre. Tons. Lbs. 421 484 506 445 470 408 391 405 423 457 1,132 131 975 1,916 1,860 398 311 1,887 997 709 Plot C. Mulched with Straw, 10 in. to 12 in. Water. Per cent. ■0/ •01 •31 •17 •63 ■29 •52 ■67 •95 •48 Per acre. Tons. Lbs. 379 448 530 424 409 486 493 525 476 554 1,131 1,151 510 709 330 939 815 1,198 572 40G * May 1 to June 5. All three plots show a remarkable uniformity in moisture-content, due no doubt to the high rainfall before referred to. The effect of the straw mulch in conserving moisture is, however, observable after August 21, for from that date on to the end of the season the soil of plot C contained from 2 per cent to 5 per cent more moisture than that of either of the other plots. On one or two dates it appears that the undis- 134 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 5-6 EDV/ARD VI!., A. 1905 turbed plot contained slightly higher percentages of moisture than the cultivated plot, but the differences are very small and we may conclude that both soils were very nearly at the point of saturation throughout the season. Series II. — Plots D. E. and F. : — Plots E. and F. were sown in rows 8 inches apart, respectively with Hairy Vetch and tares on June 30. Plot D. was cultivated June 16, 24 and 28, July 12, 22, August 4, lY and 25, September 1, 13 and 25. The first collection of soils was made on June 16. Series II. — Conservation of Soil Moisture, C. E. F., Ottawa, Ont., 1905. Plot D. Cultivated. Plot E. Hairy Vetch. Plot F. Tares. Date of Collection. Riinfall. Water. Water. Water. Per cent. Per acre. Per cent. Per acre. Per cent. Per acre. June 16 *5 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 37 16 25 85 14 45 01 61 74 52 13 12 13 11 10 8 10 14 12 16 16 81 24 79 44 56 08 76 79 08 Tons. Lbs. 306 1,539 297 823 308 1,837 270 1,130 2.35 1,934 185 1,003 226 1,847 350 1,049 296 1,759 ;S87 1,770 11 10 10 8 8 8 10 12 9 17 62 78 60 31 38 91 66 49 36 35 Tons. Lbs. 266 188 244 1,173 240 36 183 931 185 305 198 16 241 1,077 288 1,844 209 1,185 424 1,889 12 10 11 10 9 9 9 12 10 15 16 48 48 22 75 21 83 53 82 52 Tons. Lis. 280 463 „ 30 2.36 1,966 July 14 „ 28 202 1,057 230 868 Aug. 11 „ 25 218 1,384 205 702 Sept. 8 220 1,364 „ 22 232 1,6.34 Oct. 6 M 20 245 1,208 371 1,778 '^May 1 to June 16 Compared with plot D., cultivated, the soil of plot E., bearing Hairy Vetch, showed a slight falling off in moisture in the early part of the season. After the middle of August, however, save on one or two dates, it would not appear that the soil with the crop had at all suffered any moisture exhaustion, so ample was the rainfall and effective the protection offered by the heavy growth that was made. The draft on the soil moisture through the growth of Tares was very similar to that noticed in the case of the Hairy Vetch; it was not sufficient to cause any very marked effect. This we attribute to the causes just mentioned. The Tares, as did the Vetch, grew luxuriantly, completely covering the ground. The results this season at Ottawa have not emphasized the necessity of cultivation for conserving soil moisture, but this is easily explained by reference to the rainfall, which it will be seen was both ample and well distributed throughout the season. They must not be considered as throwing any doubt upon the useful function of cultivation in districts where the rainfall is deficient, for that has been amply proven by our expe- ments in past seasons, confirmatory evidence also being given in the chapters following, stating the results obtained this year at Nappan, N.S. EXPERIMENTS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, NAPPAN^ N.S. In the experiments conducted on the Experimental Farm, ISTappan, N.S., six plots were employed. In this series we are able to contrast throughout the season the moisture content of soil (1) bearing an oat crop, (2) carrying a second season's growth of clover (with Timothy) and harvested, (3) similar to (2) but with the growth cut from time to time and used as a mulch, (4) cultivated till June 15, then sown with Crimson clover, (5) cultivated till July 20, then sown with Crimson clover, (6) cul- tivated until July 20 then left undisturbed. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 T3 CI 00 t~ 00 -H O O -'COC<1C50CC t--fxt^^OM<--i CO im n t-oiccciHiniOiCiMi COClCOlOCOI^XO-'i'O© 00 — I r-l iH CO o t^ N in © CO eo 00 I CO i-H i-l 136 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Rainfall during the season. — April was characterized by a very small rainfall (1 .-24 inches) not half that which fell in April of the two preceding years. May and June had very fair and well distributed precipitations; the totals were 3-02 and 3 -30 inches, respectively. July and August were very dry, the total being only 1 -56 and 1 '53 inches, many of these rains being so slight that the moisture was evaporated before it could penetrate the soil. September had a fair rainfall, 3 '38 inches, while October was comparatively dry, with only 1*29 inches. Plot 1. — The crop of oats, which had made good growth, though the seed had not filled out well, was harvested on September 3. The results show that the moisture content of this plot was greatly and steadily reduced from the end of June till Sep- tember 1, and again slightly reduced during October. From the middle of July to the end of August the soil was exceedingly dry (in tlie neighbourhood of 5 per cent moisture). The oats suffered much from drought during this period and there can be no doubt that the moisture available for the orchard trees was altogether insuffi- cient for their needs. Confirmatory evidence of a most emphatic nature is furnished by the data from this plot of the great exhaustion of soil moisture by a grain crop. Plot 2. — This carried a crop of clover and timothy, having been seeded (with cats) in the spring of 1904. It was cut on July 20, having made excellent growth, and yielded about 2J tons of hay to tlie acre. The moisture content data are very similar to those of Plot 1, indicating a very large draught on the store of soil moisture by the growth of clover. During the first two weeks of July the moisture was reduced from 19 '06 per cent to 8*03 par cent and continued to fall until the end of August, when the soil contained only 4 •11 per cent. Plot S. — This, like Plot 2, bore a crop of clover and timothy, but the growth was cut from time to time and used as a mulch. The fi^rst cutting was on June 16, when the crop was about 12 inches high; the second on July 8, with about the same amount of growth. No further cutting was possible, as owing to the very dry period in July and August no material growth was subsequently made. Mr. Blair reports that the mulches rapidly dried out and quickly became valueless in conserving moisture. The analytical data are very much the same as those for Plot 2, and, therefore, confirm the conclusions regarding the great draught on the soil's moisture. They require no special comment further than to say that the mulch seems to have been effective in checking to a certain degree the loss of soil moisture during the first two weeks of July — an important matter. After the middle of July the mulch evidently exercised very little beneficial influence so far as soil moisture is concerned. Plot If. — The soil of this plot was cultivated until June 15, and then sown with Crimson clover. The effect of this cultivation is very apparent; it postponed at least two weeks the severe drying out so noticeable on the plots already discussed. On August 2, this soil contained considerably more moisture than those of Plots 2 and 3, and nearly twice as much as that on Plot 1. Plot 5 and Plot 6. — Were cultivated until July 20, the former at that date being sown with Crimson clover. Plot 5 maintained, practically, its initial moisture con- tent all through the period of drought, the first decline— and that a slight one — being recorded by the determination made on August 30. After the middle of September M further, but not very large, falling off is observable, due to the growth of clover. Plot 6, though showing some fluctuations, practically held its moisture content through- out the growing season. * In this investigation the scheme was planned by Mr. W. S. Blair, Horticulturist, Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S., and myself. Mr. Blair undertook all the work in connec- tion with the plots and also collected the fortnightly soil samples. In his report, full cul- tural notes, made during the season, are to be found. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The value of cultivation lias been by this series well brought out. The severe drought during July and August specially accentuated this year the importance of the dry earth mulch in conserving the moisture so necessary for the growth and thrift of orchard trees, but the results may well serve as a guide for the management of orchard soils in all districts where an insviificient rainfall is likely to occur. NATURALLY-OCGURRING FERTILIZERS AIs^D WASTE PRODUCTS. MARSH MUD. This was collected at Flannery's Point, near Bathurst, N.B., and forwarded by T. M. Burns, M.P.P., through !MJr. T. A. Peters, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Fredericton, N.B. The sample as received was of a light-grey colour, having all the appearances of clay. It was practically free from stones, sticks, or other foreign matter. On exposure to the air it dried into lumps or masses, which were, comi^aratively speaking, easily crushed and reduced to powder. Analysis of (Air-dried) Mud. Per Cent. Moisture 3-83 Loss on ignition-organic matter 15 "TT Clay and sand 66-69 Oxide of iron and alumina 8-33 Lime '65 Magnesia 1-57 Potash -65 Phosphoric acid -15 Undetermined, including salt 2*36 100 -00 Nitrogen, in organic matter -oSS It will be obvious from the above data that although this 'mud ' is not destitute of plant food it cannot be considered in any way comparable to farm manures or com- mercial fertilizers. However, if its application does not injuriously affect the tilth or mechanical condition of the soil, I think it might be found a useful amendment. Its chief fertilizing constituent is nitrogen, of which it contains about as much as is found in our best soils, and, therefore, it is possible that a tolerably heavy applica- tion on soils poor in organic matter and nitrogen might prove of considerable benefit. My advice would be to try it at first on a small area and to note the result, both on the condition of the soil and the crop yield. The character of the soil will no doubt have much to do with its efficiency, and careful notes should be taken as to the nature of the soil to which it is applied and the number of loads spread per acre. In conclusion, it may be stated that its composition does not, I think, warrant any great expenditure in its application, and this furnishes another reason for ascertain- ing its effect on a small area before extensively applying it. SEMI-DECAYED SEAWEED. This material was forwarded by Mr. Donaldson, of Port Williams, N.S., who furnished the following information regarding its occurrence: *It is from Westport on Briar Island, the extreme western part of Nova Scotia, where it is quite plentiful all along the shores of the island. It is there used as a fertilizer, chiefly for grain and grass, I think. Several barrels were sent to our county last spring and orchardists in this vicinity would be glad to know its value.' 138 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll.^ A. 1906 As received, it -was a pasty mass, decomposition apparently having proceeded to a considerable degree. Analysis of Semi-decayed Seaweed, Per Cent. Water 61-03 Organic matter 28-92 Ash or mineral matter 10-05 100 -00 Nitrogen 1 -20 Phosphoric acid '19 Potash -90 Some years ago a sample of fresh sea-weed (Fucus furcatus) -was analysed, the data of -which may here be given for the purpose of comparison. Analysis of Fresh Sea-weed. Water 63-49 Organic matter 27 -93 Ash or mineral matter 8-58 100 -00 Nitrogen -468 Phosphoric acid -108 Potash 2 -025 The general result of the decomposition, it will be seen, has been to increase the nitrogen-content and to decrease the percentage of potash, so that -while the fresh sea- -weed is essentially a potassic manure, the semi-decayed -weed is more particularly nitro- genous. The value of sea--weed as a manure is undoubtedly enhanced by the readiness with which this naturally-occurring fertilizer decomposes in the soil, quickly liberating its constituents in forms available to crops. GYPSUM OR LAND PLASTER. The agricultural uses and value of gypsum or land plaster have been discussed in previous publications (see pages 163-4 An. Rep. Exp. Farms 1900). It may, therefore, suffice here to give the results of the analyses of certain samples examined this year. From correspondence we judge that the use of finely ground g-yi^sum in barns and sta- bles is increasing, and we are of the opinion, from all points of view that this in general is the most advantageous method of employing it. Analyses of Gypsum. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. 94-53 -78 4-69 100-00 91-58 2-00 6-42 73-15 7-45 19-40 68-98 15-75 15-27 74-25 11-95 13-80 100-00 100 00 100-00 100 -CO ' REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Nos. 1 and 2, labelled * white ' and ' grey,' respectively, and forwarded by General Laurie, Oakfield, N.S. Quarried at Dutch Settlement, Halifax county, ISl.S. Both are excellent Mmples, but the ' white " (No. 1) is somewhat the better of the two. No. 1 has also superior value by reason of its greater fineness. No. 3. White or grey coloured, manufactured by the Alabastine Co., Ltd., Paris, Ont., submitted by K. McDonald, Ottawa, Ont. No. 4. Bro\vn or chocolate coloured,. supplied by Mr. Manly H. Craig, Perth, N.B., submitted by Kenneth McDonald, Ottawa, Ont. Sample No. 3 is distinctly superior to No. 4, Jhough neither is equal to the first two samples considered. No. 5. From ' Plaster Eock,' Tobique Eiver, N.B., furnished by M. H. Craig, Perth, N.B. It is of distinctly better quality than No. 4, though apparently from the same quarry. FERTILIZIXG VALUE OF COTTON WASTE. This refuse material was from the cotton mills at Montmorency Falls, Que. As received, it formed a black, pasty mass and was neutral to test paper. It dried readily on exposure and was then easily reduced to a powder by crushing and grinding. Analysis of Waste (as received). Per Cent. Water 58-66 Organic matter 15 *41 Mineral matter (containing sand, &c., 20 '04) 25-93 100 -00 Nitrogen -72 Phosphoric acid -27 Potash -95 We doubt if this waste could be economically manufactured into a fertilizer. The greater part of the water would have to be got rid of — a more or less expensive matter when undertaken on a large scale. Secondly, this accomplished, the percentages of plant food would not then equal those in most brands of commercial fertilizers. And, thirdly, the condition or combination of the plant food in this ' waste ' is not the most valuable from the agricultural standpoint : in other words, without treatment, the waste would not readily furnish available nourishment for crops. If obtained for little cost, however, it might be converted by the farmer into a useful manure by composting, say, with lime or wood ashes. FLUE ASHEiS. These ashes are from the flues or dust chambers of the blast furnaces at the Londonderry, N.S., iron mines. The sample was forwarded by Mr. G. R. Fleming, Folly Mountain, N.S., who thought they might possess some fertilizing value. Analysis of fine ashes. Per Cent. Lime 12-16 Oxide of iron 31*79 Phosphoric acid -26 Potash -17 Nitrogen :23 140 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Ccnsidering tlie nature of the material, the percentage of nitrogen is quite notable. Presumably the nitrogen is present as ammonium salts. The percentages of phosphoric acid and potash are very TOiall and though there is a notable amount of lime, we are unable to speak definitely as to its availability. My opir.ion, therefore, is that the fertilizing value of these ashes is negligable. On heavy clay soils, however, they might be of some benefit in improving the texture. rODDEES AXD FEEDIXG STUFFS. Though we have never attempted any systematic or comprehensive examination of the feeding stuffs sold in Canada, we have every year analysed many of them regarding which information and advice have been sought. The use of concentrated feed stuffs to supplement the protein and fat of the home grown fodders, and thus balance the ration, is constantly on the increase. Only a few years ago the feeds employed by farmers and dairymen were very limited in number and comparatively simple in cha- racter— bran, shorts, provender and ground Indian corn ; these, with the addition of oil cake and one or two meals, comprised the list of those upon the market. But the case is very different now. The by-products of the starch factories, of the rice mills, of the manufactories of breakfast foods, etc., etc., now find a ready sale. These various feeds differ widely in their composition, and hence in their nutritive value, and the farmer cannot intelligently or profitably use them unless he knows their composition, more especially as to the percentages of protein and fat they contain. The protein and fat are the most important and the most costly nutriments in a food. There are, of course, other constituents of feeding value in these ' concentrates,' but in estimating the value of these feeds it is the proportion of protein and fat that must be principally consid- ered, as it is for them practically alone that they are purchased, for the reason already stated. For a number of years the writer has claimed that an annual inspection and ana- lysis of the feeds upon the Canadian market should be made; in other words, tha1> flip there is an ofiicial examination of fertilizers (plant foods), so there should be an equal protection to the farmer by the ofiicial examination of these feeds (cattle foods), for in many instances it is quite impossible to arrive at a correct opinion as to the value of these by-products without an analysis. This matter has also been recently urged by the authorities of the Ontario Agricultural College and the Experimental Union — a society of co-operative workers in connection with that institution. It is, therefore, with much pleasure that I can announce as a result of these re- presentations that the Department of Inland Eevenue, the branch of the Government Service which annually analyses the commercial fertilizers, has taken initiatory steps towards this end. A collection is now being made by the officers of that department in various parts of Canada of these feeding stuffs and the analyses will be made in due course. I am, further, authorized to say that the results of this examination will be published early in the coming year in bulletin form, and thus will be available for the guidance of purchasers. During the past year a number of such feeding stuffs have been submitted to us. As far as time permitted, these have been analysed. The results appear in the sub- joined table, but since in previous reports the sources and character of the greater number of them have received discussion, it will only be necessary now to add briefly remarks upon their comparative values as deduced from the analytical data. They comprise ' mixed ' feeds of various character, the products of the starch factories (gluten meal, gluten feed, and corn bran), oil cake and meals, cotton seed meals and a few other miscellaneous feeds. Much of the profit in dairying and stock feeding lies in the judicious balancing of the ration, and we feel assured that great assistance towards that end may be obtained by a consultation of the data here presented. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Analysis of Feeding Stuffs, 1905, a Nam e. Particulars. 6 u "3 a ■J 1 ■5 St 0 J3 < 1 2 3 4 5 C 7 8 " Cattle Teed " Victor Com an Banner Cattle Ground 0^ Hi "Mixed Feed' "Oat Feed".. No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 d Oat Feed. Food ills 1 Insp. of Live Stock Shipments, J 1 Alontreal. j American Cereal Co., Peterboro'. . . Quoted bj'' J, N. Tilton, St. John, at §30 per ton. Ogilvy Milling Co., Lt Edwardsburg Starch Co., Lt., Car- dinal. 11-22 9-38 12-82 10-90 8-29 8-38 5-23 10-74 971 8-31 7-89 8-15 8-72 6-62 8-72 "8-19 7-37 9 8 8 10 7 7 2 9 7 32 25 22 9 36 22 10 22 12 21 29 32 27 31 37 19 39 41 29 12 8 0 06 06 94 00 75 75 81 63 75 31 3'< 25 12 69 9d 43 75 44 06 56 12 06 62 94 94 88 25 06 50 44 SI 4 4 3 4 3 4 1 3 2 2 2 15 3 3 3 3 2 7 6 10 6 13 9 29 06 71 57 29 46 52 59 25 44 17 69 23 36 50 22 03 92 20 84 41 75 98 67 69 67 66 66 68 53 47 11 24 00 55 55 40 5 7 5 6 12 8 32 73 2 -23 19|2-20 062-23 182-35 11301 56 2-30 48 4-56 9 60 54 58 43 67 75 27 31 51 05 14 5 8 12 86 3-65 10 Gluten Meal 74 30 90 05 -.^3 n Gluten Feed •53 12 13 Corn Oil CaVe Corn Bran 1 1-78 -40 14 Gluten Meal . Gluten Feed . . 15 Ifi 17 Gluten Feed 18 " Gluten Meal Gluten Feed . . >"> Brantford Starch Co., Brantford. . . Imperial Starch Co 64 58 29 27 6 ^^ •65 19 6-42 -68 W Linseed or oil c Oil Cake Meal Cotton- seed M( II 1 II 1 Spirit Grains . Goose Wheat . FainVheat... Soda Biscuits . Rice Meal ake Dom. Lii Can. Lm Dom. Lir Can. Lin " Prime iseed Oil Co. , Lt ^1 seed Oil MiUs, Lt m iseed Oil Co. , Lt ?3 seed OU Mills, Lt ?4 ■al . .. . Hritrht." Broker C. A. 9u Smith, St. John. "Second Bright," Broker C. A. Smith, St John. No. 1 Broker. Frank Oliver. Toronto W 8 7 6 i 1 13 97 80 32 90 84 68 97 No. 2 An G. & W., A. W. M Factory a B. C. Ric 1. Cotton Oil Co ?8 Toronto line, Markham 4 05 11-25 12-47 5-35 9-06 48 70 73 69 54 78 46 10-76 1-81 2-00 •08 1-?7 ?!9 1-76 30 e 1 -79 31 t London, Ont 1-97 32 e Mills 12 25 15 73 50 01 5-83 7-12 MIXED FEEDS. Xos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. — These were forwarded by the Inspector of Live Stock Ship- ments, Montreal (Department of Marine and Fisheries) with a request for an analysis and report on their relative values. These feeds were intended for the use of cattle en route to England. They were found to consist essentially of crushed corn and oats. There is a general similarity between them, and the differences in nutritive values are not great, but a careful scrutiny of the data allows us to arrange the feeds in the following order of merit : First, No. 4, by reason of its higher protein and fat content ; second, No. 1, and No. 3, which are practically equal, with a protein content essen- tially 1 per cent lower than that of No. 4 ; third. No. 2, which contains 2 per cent less protein tha-n No. 4 and 1 per cent less than Nos. 1 and 3, and is the highest of the peries in fibre. Nos. 5, 6 and 7. — Products of the American Cereal Company, Peterboro, Ont. In the most important constituent, protein, the Victor Com and Oat Feed and the Ban- ner Cattle Food are identical. The latter, however, is somewhat the richer in fat and poorer in fibre, and conseqviently is the better feed, though the difference between the two in nutritive value would not be large. Though wholesome feeding stufe, their 142 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1908 comparatively speaking lo^\' protein content precludes ihcm from the list of higli class ' concentrates.' -^Q^ 7 — O'^t Hulls. — The analysis shows very well the practically worthless charac- ter of ' oat hulls,' when considered as a feed. It is difficult to understand how such a material can obtain purchasers, but the writer is informed that large quantities of this ground hulls and other waste from oatmeal and cereal mills find a ready sale among farmers and dairymen in various parts of the country at fairly good prices. There are, of course, different grades or qualities of such feeds^ but in general they will be found very low in protein and high in fibre. They consequently occupy a posi- tion at the very bottom of the list of purchased feeds, and great judgment and know- ledge of the comparative prices and feeding values are necessary in order to use them with profit. The ' mixed ' feeds, of which there are now so many sold, give^the miller an opportunity of disposing of hulls, sweepings, and other almost worthless material ■s.t prices far in excess of the feeding values. ]^o. 8. — ' Mixed Feed,' sent by F. W. Davidson, Sussex, N.B., and quoted by I. K . Tilton, broker, St. John, at $30 per ton. It consists largely of cracked com, bran and oat by-products, there being quite a large proportion of oat hulls. It is not a food of high quality and certainly is not worth the price quoted, ]Sfo. 9. — ' Oat Feed,' sent by G. S. Kinnear, Sussex, N. B., and stated to be manu- factured by the Ogilvy Milling Company. Its composition is said to be made up of ground oats arid feed flour in equal proportions. A mechanical examination showed it to contain, approximately, 72 per cent fine meal and 28 per cent oat hulls. The enalysis does not give it a high rating. CORN BY-PRODUCTS GLUTEN MEAL^ ETC. Nos. 10, 11, 12 and 13. — These are the by-products of the Edwardsburg Starch Company, Cardinal, Ont. The samples were sent by the company in January as re- presentative of their various brands of fee-d. Their comparative feeding values may be easily arrived at by a consideration of the data for protein and fat. Gluten Feed is a mixed product, Gluten Meal and Corn Bran being the components. Nos. 14, 15, and 16. — These are further samples of Gluten Feed and Corn Bran sent by the Edwardsburg Starch Company, in November, 1905. No. 17. — Is a sample of Gluten Feed forwarded by P. G. Mills, Sussex, N.B., and stated to be manufactured by the Edwardsburg Starch Company. ]Sfo. 18.—' Gluten Meal,' forwarded by P. G. Mills, Sussex, N.B., and stated to be from the Brantford Starch Company. It is not gluten meal; indeed, it contains but little more than one-half the protein found in most gluten feeds. No. 19. — Gluten Feed, submitted by Dwyer & Co., Ottawa, and stated to be a pro- duct of the Imperial Starch Company, Prescott, Ont. While having a slightly higher fat content than the Edwardsburg Gluten Feed, it is not quite so rich in protein. LINSEED OR OIL CAKE AND MEAL. Nos. 20, 21, 22, and 23. — These are linseed oil califs and meals from the Domin- ion Linseed Oil Company, and the Canada Linseed Oil IMills, as stated in the table. They are all genuine and of good quality, though differing somewhat in their com- position. The data of the protein and fat will allow the feeder to judge of their re- lative merits and greatly assist when considering their prices. REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 COTTOX SEED MEAL. Nos. 24, 25, 26, and 27. — Are Cotton seed meals. Nos. 24 and 25 were sent by F. W. Davidson, Sussex, N.B., who reported their prices at $30 and $27.25 per ton, rpspectively. The analyses show a much greater difference in feeding value than is indicated by $25 per ton. Nos. 26 and 27, also sent by F. W. Davidson, are of much Letter quality. They are quoted at $32.25 and $32.50 per ton, respectively. SPIRIT GRAIN'S. 'Ro. 28, ' Spirit Grains.' — A by-product from the distillery of Gooderham & "Worts, Toronto. This is a feed of high value, being rich in both protein and fat. It ranks with oil cake, gluten meal and other concentrates in this respect. GOOSE AND FALL WHEAT. Nos. 29 and 30 — Goose and Fall Wlieats. — These were submitted by A. "Ward ]\[ilne, llarkham, with a view of obtaining data regarding their relative values for feed- ing purposes. The high protein content of the Goose "Wheat makes it much the more Valuable from this standpoint. SODA BISCUITS. No. 31 — Broken Soda Biscuits. — These can frequently be obtained from biscuit factories at prices that permit of their being used as a feed for pigs, &c. The analysis shows a high fat content and a very fair percentage of protein. At the price quoted, .$20 per t^n, they are very good value. RICE MEAL. No. 32. — Eice Meal, sent by Chas. B. Jones, Colquitz, B.C., and said to be from the British Columbia Rice Mills. Price quoted $16 per ton. This is an excellent feed, particularly rich in fat and with a protein content equal to that of hard wheat. COXDIMEXTAL AND SO CALLED STOCK FOODS. Inquiries are being constantly received as to the feeding value of these prepara- tions, of which there are now a number upon the market. The claims made for these, it is only right to state, are not based simply upon the percentages of protein and fat present. It is urged that in addition to their food value they are appetizers, tonics, and assist in the digestion and assimilation of the rest of the ration; that they are in fact both food and medicine. It is for this reason that the analyses of those we have examined this year are not incorporated with those of the feeds already considered. A few notes made from their chemical and microscopical examination may be added, though it is not claimed that all the herbs, roots and drugs present have been detected. 114 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Analysis of Condimental Foods. Moisture Protein Fat Carbohydrates Fibre Ash Sulphur (free) . Herbagium. p. c, 6 22 6 40 7 14 Interna- tional Stock Food, p. c. 8 13 4 45 11 16 Anglo- Saxon Stock Food. Sugar and Flax. 3. C. , P.c. 911 9- 17-66 24- 3-57 9- 40-48 43- 10-80 6- 12-83 5- 5-55 Herhageum. — This consists essentially of linseed and -o-lieat bran or some -wheat refuse. Fen-ugreek, sugar, charcoal and salt are also present. International Stock Food. — Its principal ingredient is a -wheat feed. Salt, char- coal, and fenugreek -were also detected and some bitter drug, probably gentian, also noted. • Anglo-Saxon Stock Food. — Largely linseed meal, phur, fenugreek and probably gentian. It contains charcoal, salt, sul- Sugar and Flax. — Its chief component is linseed meal. Fenugreek, charcoal and salt -were also detected. Sugar is not present. Oux position with regard to these preparations is that all the ingredients are of a cheap character and the prices asked are altogetner extravagant, whether they are to be regarded as foods or medicine, or both. Thus, the price of herbageum is $12 per hun- dred -weight, and as a food its value cannot be equal to that of oil cake meal. We do not deny that such condimental foods may at times be useful, but -we do not think their continued or general employment is either necessary or economical. It has been sho-wn by careful experiment that animals in good health do not thrive any better from the addition of such ' tonics ' to their food, and it seems only reasonable that it -would be far cheaper and more rational to treat stock out of condition as their aihnents require. THE RELATIVE YALIJE OF ROOTS. In continuing the examination of field roots to learn their relative food value and the effect of seasonal conditions upon their composition, -we have analysed this year 17 varieties of mangels, 20 varieties of turnips, and 11 varieties of carrots, all grown on -the Central Experimental Farm. Mangels. — The percentages of dry matter and sugar are, on the -whole, considerably belo-w those usually obtained here. This, -we believe, is due to the some-^-hat abnormal character of the season, vhich was marked by high rainfall and high daily temperatures. Under these conditions the roots did not thoroughly mature and the storing up of sugar during September and October to a certain extent -was interfered -with. For the best results it is generally conceded that an ample though not excessive precipitation during the first three months of summer, -with comparatively lo-w temperatures, followed by a moderately dry, -warm, but not too hot, ripening season (September and October) are the best conditions for the production of sugar in roots. The averages for 10 varieties analysed in 1904 -were: dry matter, 11-69 per cent, sugar in juice, 6-62 per cent. This season, for 20 varieties -we obtained : dry matter, 10 'O-i per cent, sugar in juice, 4 -Gl per cent. REPORT OF THE CHEMIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A^^lLYSIS OF Mangels, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ont., 1905. 145 Variety. Water. Dry Matter. Sugar in Juice. Average weight of one Root. SeJected Mammoth Long Red p. c 87 87 87 88 88 88 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 92 92 18 85 93 45 94 95 63 87 06 09 20 82 36 47 S3 19 48 p. c 12 12 12 11 11 11 10 10 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 82 15 07 55 06 05 37 13 94 91 80 IS 64 53 17 81 n9 p. c. 6-95 6-36 6-83 5-88 4-65 515 5 07 4-86 5-56 3-88 5-07 3-44 3-55 4 07 3-45 ]-93 214 Lbs. Oz. 3 9 Yellow Intermediate 3 4 Gate Post Leviathan Long Red 2 13 4 3 TTfllf T.ong SiTcrfj.r AVhit<^. . 4 0 Giant Sujfar 4 5 Half Long Sugar Rosy Triumph Yellow Globe 2 15 4 10 Prize Mammoth Long Red Giant Yellow Interm.ediate 3 14 4 2 Ideal 3 4 Mammoth Long Red 2 3 Giant Yellow Globe Selected Yellow Globe ... 3 12 3 7 Mammoth Yellow Intermediate Lion Yellow Intermediate 4 3 3 9 Prize Winner Yellow Globe 3 14 Average of 17 varieties 89 -nfi 10 04 467 3 9 The varieties have been arranged in this table in the order of their ' dry matter ' and sugar, beginning with the highest, and it will be noticed that between the first and last of the series vast differences occur. We do not think that the value of roots as part of the ration depends entirely on the percentages of dry matter and its sugar content, but we have no hesitation in saying that of two roots, the one containing 12-82 per cent dry matter with a sugar content of 6-95 per cent, the other with but Y -52 per cent dry matter and 2 -14 per cent sugar, the former must be much the more valuable feed. This important matter has been called attention to in former reports and is again emphasized that farmers in choosing their varieties of mangels may con- sider not only yield per acre, but also the composition of the roots. It is not at all probable that the same order as here given will be preserved for any two successive seaso'ns, but the data presented bear an added importance when it is remembered that all these mangels were grown under the same climatic and cultural conditions. The * breed ' factor has been investigated for a number of years past by us, using two varieties of mangels (see the following chapter) and the results clearly show that de- spite changes due to season, &c., each variety has held its own relative position for six seasons. Turnips. — The differences in composition are not so great as with mangels, and this fact serves to bring the averages of the dry matter of these two classes of field roots very close together. In sugar content, however, the turnip is distinctly inferior to mangels. This season, as with all classes of roots grown here, the percentage of sugar is below the average. 16—10 146 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 Analysis of Turnips, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ont., 1S05. Variety. Water. Dry Matter. Sugar in Juice. Average weight of one Root. Mammoth Clyde Sutton's Champion Hartley's Bronze New Century Selected Purple Top.. . . Imperial Swede Kangaroo.. East Lithian Elephant's Master Skirvings Bangholm Selected Halewood's Bronze Top. Magnum Bonum Perfection Swede Drummond Purple Top. Good Luck Carter's Elephant Jumbo Emperor Swede Hall's Westbury p. c, A verage of 20 varieties S9-91 p. c 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 10 09 p. c, Lbs. Oz. 11 13 9 14 8 14 1 0 9 5 11 13 9 2 6 9 3 110 13 "With this greater uniformity in composition there is not the same necessity in selecting turnips as with mangels, and yield per acre and keeping qualities become the chief factors to consider. Carrots. — On the whole, carrots are slightly higher in dry matter than turnips, and in regard to sugar content occupy a middle place between mangels and turnips. The differences between the varieties while not so great as with the mangels, are larger than those noticed in the varieties of turnips. Analysis of Carrots, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ont., 1903. Variety. White Belgian Half Long Chantenay Kos Kirches Carter's Orange Giant Improved Short White Ontario Champion Mammoth White Intermediate Early Gem Long Yellow Stump-rooted Giant White Vosges New White Intermediate Average of 11 \ arieties Average Water. Dry Matter. Sugar in J uice. Weight of one Hoot. p. c. p. c. p. c. Lbs. Oz. 87-46 12-54 303 1 1 88 53 11 47 3-64 0 14 89 21 10 79 3-44 1 2 89 43 10 57 2 02 1 3 89 05 10 35 214 1 7 89 82 10 18 2 53 1 1 89 85 10 15 2 95 1 4 90 39 9 m 192 0 14 90 63 9 37 2-44 1 10 90 96 9 04 1-52 1 3 91-35 8-65 1 53 1 4 80 75 10 25 2 52 1 3 REPORT OF TEE CEEMIST 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 IXFLUEN'CE OF IXHERITED QUALITIES. The composition of roots is influenced by various factors, chief among -n-hich are the character of the season as regards rainfall and temperature, and the relative rich- ness of the soil. Quality in roots, however, as evidenced by the percentage of ' dry matter ' and sugar is in part inherited. For the past six years we have analysed two varieties, the Gate Post and Giant Yellow Globe grown side by side, on land of the same character and, necessarily, under the same climatic conditions, and the results indicate that ' breed ' in mangels is a factor of considerable importance. DuY Matter and Sugar in Gate Post and Yellow Globe Mangels. Season of Growth. Gate Post. Giant Yellow Globe. Dry Matter. Sugar in Juice. Dry Matter. Sugar in Juice. 1900 \ P.O. 11 14 9-41 13-90 12-93 12-64 12-07 p. 0. G-15 415 9-39 7-38 7-62 6-83 p. c. 8-19 910 10-24 10-89 9-24 8-64 p. c. 2-64 1901 1902. 4-08 5-24 1903 6-17 1904 1905 5-26 3 55 Average of 6 years lOOU-Uo 12-01 6-92 9-38 4-49 Though the data for neither of these roots show great regularity or uniformity, due chiefly, I believe, to varying seasonal conditions, a well marked and always pre- £ent difference is to be observed between these mangels as regards their percentages of dry matter and sugar. We have already observed that the past season at Ottawa was not one favourable to sugar production, and this, I think, may account for the fact that both varieties have given low returns this year. However, this does not affect in any way the general results or the conclusions drawn from pre-vious years' work in this matter, viz., that the Gate Post is the richer of the two, both as to dry matter and sugar. The difference between these varieties, as far as it can be ' ascertained by chemical analysis, shows that weight for weight the Gate Post should be worth be- tween one-third and one-fourth more than the Giant Yellow Globe for feeding pur- poses. SIJGAE BEETS, FOP FACTORY PUEPOSES. The three varieties of sugar beets principally used for sugar extraction, Vilmorin's Improved, Klein Wanzleben and Tres Piche (French ' Yery Rich ') as grown on the Dominion Experimental Farm.s during the past season have been analysed. By re- ference to the reports of this Division it will be seen that this investigation has been carried on, practically, since the establishment of the Farms, so that now we have on record considerable evidence as to the richness and purity of sugar beets as gro-wn in Canada under varying climatic or seasonal conditions. 16— lOi 143 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Sugar Beets Grown on the Dominion Experimental Farms, 1905. Variety. Vilmorin's Improved Klein Wanzleben Tres Riehe (French ' Verv Eich') ' Locality. Nappan, N.S Ottawa, Ont Brandon, Man Indian Head, Sask Agassiz, B. C Nappan, N.S Ottawa, Ont Brandon, Man Indian Head, Sask Agassiz, B.C Nappan, N.S Ottawa, Ont.. .... Brandon, Man .... Indian Head, Sask. Agassiz, B.C Percentage of Sugar in J nice. 17-56 Percentage of Solids in Juice. Co-effici ent of Purity. 82-0 1 78 1 74 2 84 7 81 3 86 5 95 6 70 3 84 8 86 5 82 3 83 3 75 7 77 2 86 9 Average Weight of one Root. Lbs. Oz. 14 0 15 14 2 13 14 12 14 1 13 4 12 15 3 The best results have been obtained on the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B. C, and at Nappan, N.S., closely followed by those at Indian Head. In all tbree instances the data indicate a good quality of factory beets from which sugar could be profitably extracted. At Ottawa the percentage of sugar and co-efficient of purity are considerably lower than those usually obtained. This I believe is due, if not entirely, certainly in a very large measure, to the abnormal climatic conditions that obtained here during the past season. In the first place, the rainfall (13 "45 inches) during June, July, and August was somewhat greater than the average. This was followed by a precipitation of 5 '31 inches during September and October, an amount not less than usual for these months. In con- junction with this ample supply of moisture we find certain and notable peculiarities of temperature, as follows : Exceptionally high maximum temperatures, and unusually low minimum temperature for the summer months, May, June, July, August, Sep- tember, and October. This naturally means sudden and great changes in temperature, or in other words, speaking generally, hot days and cool nights. Bearing these facts in mind and remembering that ideal climatic conditions for sugar-production include a moderate and well distributed rainfall during May, June, July, and August, with fairly dry weather in September and October, when the beets are maturing; and, fur- ther, that a low mean summer temperature, say 60°F., with few sudden or great changes in the latter part of the season, are specially conducive to a high sugar con- tent, the explanation of the poor results obtained this year is not difficult to find. At Brandon, IMan., the beets are the poorest of the series. This may in part be due to unfavourable weather for sugar accumulation during the ripening of the roots, but the large size to which the beets have grown, considerably over 2 lbs. each in weight, is certainly against a high sugar content. REPORT OF TUB CHEMIST 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 CHEinSTEY OF INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. SODA-BOEDEAUX OR BURGUNDY MIXTURE. During June and July of the present year a number of reports were received, botli from Ontario and Quebec, stating that serious injury had resulted from the use of Soda Bordeaux on apples, plums, cherries and peaches — in some instances the trees being en- tirely defoliated. These communications were accompanied by requests for informa- tion regarding this newly introduced mixture, in which washing soda is substituted for lime. Soda-Bordeaux, which has been used successfully on potatoes fur blight and rot, may be prepared according to one or other of the following formulae: — A. B. Copper sulphate (Blue stone) 6 lbs. 4 lbs. v?:^vbonate of soda (washing soda) 7J " 5 " Water 40 gals. 40 gals. The proportion of bluestone to washing soda is the same in each, but ' A ' is na- turally the stronger spray. Though, as far as the writer can learn, Soda-Bordeaux mixture had not been sug- gested for fruit trees, its use being mainly for potatoes, there appeared no reason why it should prove injurious for orchard work. The explanation was furnished, when upon further inquiry it was learnt that in every authenticated case in which injury had been reported, Paris green, white arsenic or some other arsenical compound had been added to the mixture. When Paris green is added to ordinary (lime) Bordeaux it is not dissolved, but remains in suspension, and experience has shown that no injury to foliage or fruit results from the use of such a spray. When, however, Paris green is added to Burgundy mixture it is partly dissolved (owing to the excess of washing soda present) and becomes an active arsenical compound more or less corrosive to foliage. It has long been known that soluble arsenical compounds have this injurious effect and that consequently they cannot be used in insecticidal mixtures. Paris green, arsenide of soda, and white arsenic were all reported as having been added to the Burgundy mixture; all of these would render the spray extremely injurious. As it seemed desirable to furnish e:s[p€rimental proof on this subject and since cer- tain correspondents claimed that Burgundy mixture containing Paris green had been used with impunity on fruit trees, a series of trials were made in the orchards of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, on apples, cherries and plums. In the absence of the Horticulturist, these experiments were planned and carried through by myself. The spraying mixtures were as follows : — ' A ' — SODA-BORDEAUX. Copper sulphate (bluestone) 4 lbs. Carbonate of soda (washing soda) 5 lbs. Water 40 gals. The bluestone and washing soda were dissolved separately in haK the total volume of water and the resultant solutions mixed. This mixture, it will be observed, contains no Paris green or arsenic in any form. ' B.' — Soda-Bordeaux, as above, but to which 4 ounces of Paris green had been added. ' C — Soda-Bordeaux, as above, but to which a solution of arsenite of soda (formed by boiling 8 ounces white arsenic and 2 lbs. washing soda with 1 gallon of water) had been added. 150 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6. EDWARD VII., A. 1906 RESULTS AND COXCLUSIONS. Soda-Bordeaux. — (Spray ' A ') : — After two sprayings there was no ar^jparent in- jury to the foliage of apples, plums and cherries. Soda-Boraeaux with Paris green. — (Spray ' B ') : — Leaves of apple slightly scorched at edges. Varieties were found to differ in their resisting power to the cor- rosive action of this spray, but the results indicate that its use would be attended with a considerable degree of danger in the apple orchard. The foliage of plums was decidedly scorched, though the injury was not very serious. The cherries used in the experiment had their foliage slightly scorched. It was evident that this spray could not be used on the cherry with safety. Soda-Bordeaux with Arsenite of Soda (Spray 'C')- — This mixture caused ex- cessive injury on apples, plums, and cherries. The foliage in every instance was scorched, subsequently becoming crisp and falling off. The damage was such as to show conclusively that this spray is dangerous in the highest degree for all classes of fruit trees. In a word. Burgundy mixture, pure and simple, has shown itself as far as our experiments have gone, to be non-injurious to foliage. The addition of Paris green or other arsenite, however, renders the spray corrosive and therefore dangerous for orchard use. Wlien it is desired to use Paris green as an insecticide in the spray only Bordeaux mixture made with lime should be employed. NEW FORMS OF KEROSENE EMULSION.* The desirability of obtaining emulsifying materials other than the solution of whale oil or soft soap, materials that would not only lessen the expense of the spray, but at the same time obviate the necessity of the application of heat, led Professor Close, of the Delaware Experiment Station, to exi>eriment with lime as an agent to hold .the kerosene in suspension. This Lime-kerosene emulsion, prepared according to direc- tions, is very fairly stable, homogeneous, one easy to spray and one which does not clog the nozzle. Briefly described. Prof. Close's directions are as follows: Mix into a ' thin,' sloppy mass 1 lb. of Limoid (an American preparation for the purpose) or the same quantity of good, freshly slaked lime with 1 quart of kerosene. Por an approximately ten per cent emulsion, two gallons of water (Imperial measure) are then added and the whole emulsified by churning, say, for 5 minutes, best effected by moans of a pump and a coarse nozzle. No free kerosene, he states, will appear for several weeks, and though there may be a separation on standing into limey layers, these will readily, if stirred, again produce the emulsion without deterioration. Lime Emidsion. — Since ' Limoid ' was specially recommended and was not obtain- able in Canada, and numerous inquiries were being received as to the value of lime for this purpose, a number of experiments were made in the farm laboratories from thie results of which the following im.portant conclusions were drawn. 1. Preshly slaked lime makes a smoother and more lasting emulsion than ordinary air-slaked lime — the latter, however, will make a satisfactory emulsion if it is not too much carbonated by long exposure to the air. 2. By employing lime slaked immediately before using, the quantity may be materially reduced. A perfect emulsion can be made by slaking ^ lb. of good quick lime and emulsifying with 1 quart of kerosene and 2 gallons of water. This makes an approximately 11 per cent emulsion, suitable for Aphis. ♦This investigation was made at the suggestion and with the co-operation of Mr. W. T. Macoun, the Horticulturist, to whom my thanks are due for much valuable advice and assist- ance. REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 3. By the use of freshly slaked lime less time is needed for the churning in order to bring the mass to a perfect emulsion. Two to three minutes of vigorous, continuous pumping were found sufficient. 4. It is not apparently a matter of much moment that the lime be dry when mixed with the kerosene. Excellent emulsions have been made when the slaked lime has been quite moist or even made into a thick cream with water before adding the kerosene. Flour Emulsion. — It occurred to the writer that as good quicklime was not always obtainable at a moment's notice, it would be well to ascertain if flour — to be had every- where— would not answer equally well. Our experiments showed that flour could be successfully substituted for lime in making the emulsion when desired for immediate use. One pound to 1 quart of kerosene makes a perfect emulsion, as in the case of Ihe lime, but S ounces were subsequently found sufficient to hold in perfect suspension the quart of kerosene. The preparation with flour is very simple. The requisite amount of kerosene is placed in the vessel (pail or barrel), which is preferably dry, and flour added in the proportion stated, viz. : 8 ounces to 1 quart, the mass thoroughly stirred and the water added — 2 gallons for every quart of kerosene. This is then vigorously churned, as already described, say, for 5 minutes, and the emulsion is ready for use. It was further found that by scalding the flour a less weight is required. An excellent emulsion which did not show the slightest separation of kerosene after one week was prepared by scalding 2 ozs. of flour, mixing the resulting thin paste with 1 quart of .kerosene and emulsifying with 2 gallons of water. The flour emulsion is smooth, easily atomized, and does not clog the nozzle. Any separation into layers may be easily remedied By simply stirring or shaking the mix- ture. It is equally effective, we believe, as an insecticide with the lime-formed emul- sion, and amongst other advantages that may be claimed for it is the fact that there ib no perceptible whitening of the foliage, and, further, that in some places it will be found cheaper and easier to make than the lime emulsion. Its use is suggested as an alternative when good lime is unobtainable — when the emulsion is for immediate use and when intended for ornamental trees and shrubs, upon which the whitening of the foliage is objectionable. FORMALIN — FORMALDEHYDE 40 PER CENT. The amount of Formalin used in the treatment of grain, especially wheat and cats, for the prevention of smut, increases yearly and very rapidly. In Manitoba and the North-west generally it has already very largely replaced bluestone, due no doubt in a measure to the ease with which the solution may be prepared— simple dilution leing all that is necessary. The results of the Formalin treatment have been highly satisfactory, and there is ample proof that Formalin is a most efficient smut destroyer. It has been used in two strengths: 3 ozs. to 10 gallons (2 parts in 1,000), and 4^ ozs. to 10 gallons (3 parts to 1,000). The seed grain is either thoroughly sprinkled or im- mersed for 5 minutes. In the majority of cases, and save perhaps with very badly affected grain, the weaker solution has proved as effective as the stronger, and thorough sprinkling equally satisfactory with immersion. In addition to ascertaining tlie strength of several brands of fonnalin on the market, we have endeavoured this year to learn if formalin, which had become milky through age, had lost its efficiency, wholly or in part, and if such altered (polymerized) formalin injuriously affected the germ of the grain. The^e were questions asked by several correspondents in the North- v;est last spring. A further enquiry was as to the effect of the formalin treatment on the vitality of wheat as compared with that of bluestone. 152 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDES. Percentage of Formaldehyde by weight. No. 1. From Tulford-Leonard Drug Co., Brandon, Man. (clear). 38-0 No. 2. From Halpins Drug Store, Brandon, Man. (clear) . . . . 38-9 No. 3. From Clement Drug Store, Brandon, Man. (milky through polymerization) 38 •? No. 4. From Fleming's Drug Store, Brandon, Man. (milky through polymerization) 38 -9 No. 5. From Cereal Division, C.E.F &5-1S No. 6. From The Chemists and Surgeons Supply Co., Montreal. 37 "9 No. 7. Scherings Formalin, very old and badly polymerized sam- ple 4G-4: No. 8. Scherings Formalin, very old and badly polymerized sam- ple 34-4 These results, generally, are slightly higher than those obtained in 1903. Though it is not advisable to draw hard and fast conclusions from a few samples, the data in- dicate that there is considerable unifonnity in strength among the brands found upon the market. Samples No. 7 and 8 were taken from the same bottle, which had been in the Farm Laboratory for more than 5 years; the formalin had become quite pasty through polymerization. The thinner portion gave 34*4 per cent; the thicker 46*4 per cent formaldehyde. Slight polymerization, as in samples 3 and 4, does not apparently affect the analy- tical determination; excessive polymerization evidently interferes with the estimation. So far our analyses have not detected any wilful adulteration or material falling off in strength. ACTION OF FORMALIN ON THE VITALITY OF WHEAT. For this purpose we used two samples of Eed Fife wheat kindly furnished by Mr. Bedford, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man. He writes : — ' The 1904 sample is very smutty and is also badly rusted. Some think that rusted grain is so weak in germination that formalin or bluestone will kill the germ and for that reason do not treat it for smut. Information as to this will be gratefully received by western farmers. The 1902 wheat has not so much smut and is not runted.' In the following table the treatment of these wheats is detailed, together with the results of the vitality test. Percentage of VitalUy. 1902. 1904. Wheat. Wheat. Untreated ;■ 91 98 Formalin, fresh, 4i ozs. to 10 gals 66 86 " polmerized, 4J ozs. to 10 gals 71 £2 " fresh, 9 ozs. to 10 gals 69 72 Bluestone, 1 lb. to 2\ gals 63 (The treated wheats were immersed for 5 minutes, dried by exposure to the air, end tested at once as to vitality). The results, it must be admitted, are not altogether satisfactory; the work must be repeated before any final conclusion can be reached and any definite statement made on several of the points under discussion. There are one or two deductions, Lowever, that I think may safely be made, as follows: — REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The formalin tr.?atment lowers the percentage of vitality; the effect being more noticeable on the older (1902) wheat. In one instance the stronger solution (9| ozs. to 10 gals.) reduced the vitality to a greater degree than the weaker solution; further work will probably confirm this result. Investigations carried on in the Farm labora- tory in 1890-93 showed tliat bluestone similarly affected the vitality of the wheat; the stronger the solution, the more injury to the grain germ. Milky or slightly polymerized formaldehyde is apparently less injurious to the germ than the fresh material, but it is only with the 1904 wheat that the difference is well marked. Some years ago, the writer showed that bluestone continues to act injuriously upon the germ of the wheat, and therefore, that it was highly desirable that the grain should be sown as soon as possible after treatment. The same is no doubt true in the case of the formalin treatment. In this connection. Dr. Chas. E. Saunders, Cerealist, C.E.F., has furnished me with some valuable data that he recently obtained. He states that in the case of wheat, oats, and barley, the seed being treated with formalin solution 9 ozs. to 10 gallons, the vitality of the treated grains was after 11 months found to have been entirely destroyed. To study further this "after effect' of for- malin, samples of the treated wheats have been preserved and will be examined from time to time as to vitality. It is of interest to note that the formalin treatment was not so severe on the life of the germ as the bluestone solution. It is quite possible, of course, that a more dilute solution of bluestone, say, 1 lb. to 5 gallons, would have been equally efficacious in destroying smut and less injurious to the wheat. It does not appear that the vitality of the wheat (1901) had been impaired or weakened by the rust. It is not, therefore, advisable to neglect the treatment of grain simply on the count that it is rusted. MILKY (polymerized) FORMALDEHYDE AS A SMUT PREVEXTH'E. In order to ascertain the relative values of the various treatments in smut pre- vention, samples of these treated grains (with the exception of those from the solu- tion 9 OZS'. to 10 gallons) were sent to the Experimental Farm at Brandon, Man., to be sown. They were sown in rows 6 inches apart and 30 inches long. Under date of August 28 Mr. Bedford writes : ' I have carefully gone over all the grain you sent mo for smut test and I find that there are 159 smutty heads in the lot marked ' 1904, un- treated,' but not a solitary smutty head in any of the others." From this it might be concluded that all the treatments had been equally efficaci- ous. There is this unsatisfactory feature, however, about the results, that the un- treated 1902 sample, which contained a slight amount of smut, gave no sign of smut in the plot. Slight polymerization of the formalin, as indicated by milkiness, does not ap- parently materially affect the virtue of the material for the destruction of smut, but it will be necessary to repeat this work another season before making any definite statement on this point. CYANIDE FOR FUMIGATION PURPOSES. It is a matter of considerable importance that the quality or strength of the cyanide used in the fumigation of plants and shrubs for the destruction of the San Jose scale should not fall below that called for. The value of this chemical so used is entirely dependent upon the amount of hydrocyanic acid gas evolved on the addition of acid. The examination of a number of samples of ' potassium cyanide ' in 1902, showed that at that time considerable differences in strength, i.e., hydrocyanic acid content. 154 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 existed between tlie various brands upon the market. It was, further, made clear that much of the so-called potassic cyanide was sodic cyanide. From the standpoint of an insecticide, however, this latter fact has no significance, the percentage of hydrocyanic acid alone, as has been stated, determining the value of any particular sample.* Last March two samples, submitted by the Entomological Division, were examined, the analysis furnishing the following data: Hydrocyanic acid. Per cent. * A.' ' Pot cyanide 98-100 per cent,' as supplied to St. John N.B: Fumigation Station, 1904: 36-41 'B.' ' Cyanide of potash, C.P.', Henderson Bros., Lt 42-71 Analysis showed ' A ' to be practically potassium cyanide : sample ' B ' contains no potassium and is exclusively sodium cyanide. The values of these samples are indicated by the i>ercentages of hydrocyanic acid stated; in other words, 100 ounces of * B ' are equivalent to 117 ounces of * A ' in gas producing power. WELL WATEKS EEOM FAEM HOMESTEADS. The examination of well waters from farmers has proved one of the most popular and directly useful features of our work. The danger that exists when the water supply is polluted is now widely known and every year finds a larger proportion of our rural population impressed with the fact that there is a very real and intimate rela- tionship between good water and good health. As we have shown again and again, the barnyard and back door wells are the sources above all others to be feared. Such are a dangerous convenience and not in- frequently the cause of much ill health in the farmer's family. Every phase of the pure water question has, however, been discussed fully in past reports, and it only seems necessary to add now that assistance will continue to be given in this matter of water analysis to farmers and dairymen desiring it. We cannot, however, undertake water analyses for municipalities, villages, and towns. Requests for such work should be referred by the local health authorities to the Provincial Board of Health. Instructions for the collection and shipment of water samples are forwarded on application. Of the 118 samples of water received during 1905, 83 were submitted to analysis, the remainder being rejected by reason of insufficient quantity, dirty containing vessels or corks. By grouping the results of those examined, we find that 22 were leported as safe and wholesome, 38 seriously polluted, 12 suspicious and probably unsafe for drinking purposes, and 11 saline in character. See page 151 et seq. Report of the Chemist o£ the Experimental Farms for 1902. REPORT OF TEE CUEillST 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 S 2 m s w rn r/> >H H hJ in r/-j lO ■«< -^ (m c: CO CO CO 00 N CO O 00 o©oo0 lO o m oo aj'xoocctMincocsocooinoocOwicocir-ijoo COOCOO&rHCCCqCOT-ITfiOO^.I.-ilMCOOi-H^iM oo t- lO O O O CO O t^ !M ~. t - C-5 l^ O f O 'M ^ c -^ s >c- •S-^ u •joqmn^ oo W CO Itso^^ 2 X 2 o - ^. . s r, e? 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O r^ CI CO ■■»< ■~ ■" ■" '~ o © © © © © REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 O >D C^ >--2 >-. ^ o • o '.■^^^ S E .s Tl y >>. s 3 n O o ccco o '2 o 5 =3 i- =3 ^ o •* o o O M "M X cc r5 rc ^ i-H ^ c^ t^ ©O Tf CO O -^ Ti< o 00 >-! Cvl o C/3 00 iM 3C c; o OiOOlSOOOOOOOOOOOOOO (M iH i-c e<) ^ •*< O 00 coaoioocoxtrt^aocicics CCIMi-l-'I'-^I^lCCi-iMM :g ! I ! I : ; ; I ■ . ; ! ! ! ! ! ! r-5 '.'■'■'■■ ■ ■ '■ 6 ;.::•.::;::::::. -IS ^^ -do ; jdgaj^ ; :^ : ; id C < 1-5 3perimental grass garden and clean it by sowing to rape. This was done early in July, and at four successive dates portions were sown and notes kept upon the crops. Xext year another third of the grass garden will be treated in the same way and that part cleaned this year will be again used for grass plots. The following year the remainder will be treated. Correspondence. — The correspondence of the Division has again during 1905 shown a considerable increase in the number of letters both received and despatched. From December 1, 1901, to iSroveml>er 30, 1905, the number of letters, exclusive of circulars, registered as received was 3,406 and the number despatched 3,291. Meetings attended. — ^Meetings of farmers' institutes and agricultural associations of various kinds have been attended whenever other official duties would allow of ab- sence from Ottawa. 159 160 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 December Y to 9, 1904: Windsor, N.S. — The Fruit Growers' Association of Kova Scotia: 'Insects Injurious to Fruits in Nova Scotia.' December 12: Amherst, N.S. — Maritime Winter Fair: 'Insects Injurious to Live Stock.' Decem'ber 29 : Philadelphia. — Association of Economic Entomologists and Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science, Annual meetings : ' Injurious Insects of 190-1 in Canada ' ; ' A destructive Ptinid new to North America.' February 3, 1905 : Guelph. — Address before the students of the Agricultural Col- lege on ' Methods in Nature Study.' February 4: Toronto. — Address on Nature Study and Natural History before Toronto University (Saturday afternoon Popular Lecture). May 26 : Ottawa. — Union Teachers' Convention : ' The Use of Insects in Naturo Study.' May: Ottawa. — Two addresses before the Normal Scho'ol; 'Nature Study — Birds.' June 6 : Toronto. — Address before Toronto Horticultural Society on ' Insect Pests and How to Exterminate them.' June 7: Hamilton, Ont. — Hamilton Horticultural Society: 'The Gardeners' In- sect Enemies in June.' June 8 : Guelph. — Ontario Agricultural College : ' What the Experimental Farms are doing for Canada.' June 8 : Guelph. — Macdonald Institute : ' The Time Place of Nature Study in Edu- cation.' June 30: Ottawa. — Dominion Seed Growers' Association: 'Co-operation between Seel Grower and Entomologist.' June 27: Ottawa. — Ottawa Horticultural Society: 'What Plants do.' July 5 and 10 : Ottawa. — Two addresses on Birds before Ottawa Normal School, Summer School of Science. July 13 and 14: Ottawa. — Two addresses on Insects before Summer School of Science, Ottawa, August 21 to Sept. 23. — ^Manitoba, North-west Territories and British Columbia : Holding meetings, making investigations and inspecting Fumigation Stations. October 18 and 19 : Guelph. — Attending Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario: 'Injurious Insects of Ontario, 1905'; 'Entomological Record, 1905.' At this meeting a paper was also read by Mr. Arthur Gibson upon ' Injurious Insects of the Flower Garden.' Mr. Gibson also attended the County of Carleton Annual Exhibition at Rich- mond on September 26, and judged the Natural History exhibits made by the school children of the county. These exhibits were on the whole satisfactory and showed careful work, particularly on the part of the teachers. Collections. — The collections of insects and plants in the Division have been largely increased during the past year. Mr. Gibson, who has charge of the insect cabinets, has mounted and placed a large number of specimens. The collection of lepidoptera is now in excellent working order. Efforts will be made to build up the reference collections of the other classes of insects as quickly as possible, as informa- tion is being constantly sought for from the Division by the large number of students in all parts of the Dominion who are giving so much attention to Nature Study. Mr. Guignard has also added several hundred sheets of mounted plants to the herbarium and a large number of defective specimens have been replaced by better. Several valuable donations have been received from correspondents, of which the following are worthy of special mention: Anderson, J. R., Victoria, B.C. — Many specimens of rare British Columbian plants. Bilodeau, Arthur, Ottawa University. — ^Botanical specimen of Hiemcium mu- romm. REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTAMST 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Bush, A. H., Vancouver, B.C. — Some rare and mucli desired Bi'itisli Columbian lepidoptera. Cockle, J. W., Kaslo, B.C. — Eggs and larvae of interesting mountain lepidoptera. Criddle, Norman, Aweme, Man. — Several rare western plants and moths; also seeds of weeds. Denny, Edward, ITontreal. — A beautiful series of Apantesis vittata, and living larva?. Dod, F. H. Wolley, Hillarville, Alta. — Eggs of rare western lepidoptera. Dupret, Eev. Father H., Montreal. — Botanical specimens of the rare orchid Epipactis viridiflora, found at Montreal; and of Sibhaldia procumhe'ns, from Mount St. Hilaire, Que. Eraser, George, Ucluelet, B.C. — Several living plants of western ferns and other rare species of British Columbian plants, including Apargidium horeale, first found in Canada by Mr. Eraser. Erceborn, J. J., Dundas, Ont.— Several samples of interesting seeds. Grellatly, D., Gellatly, B.C. — Seeds of cut-leaved variety of Sambucus melano- carpa and Bihes viscosissimum, and specimens of the fungi which are stored by the mountain squirrels as food in winter. Harrington, "W. H., Ottawa. — Several specimens of rare Ottawa plants, some of them new to the Ottawa list. Harvey, E. V., Vancouver, B.C. — Two specimens of Thecla johnsoni, a new species recently described from British Columbia ; also named specimens of rare flies and other insects. Keen, Rev. J. H., Metlakatia, B.C. — Specimens of unmounted lepidoptera. Marmont, L. E., Rounthwaite, Man. — ^Larvte of Apantesis incorrupta and speci- mens of several species of moths. Miller, H. H., Guelph, Ont. — A beautiful collection of mounted specimens of the principal weeds with their seeds, prepared specially for seedsmen and showing all Fpecies mentioned in the Seed Control Act, 1905. Petrin, Jos., MacNab's Island, Halifax, N.S. — A series of local forms of Saiyrus alope and a pair of Argynnis aphrodite. Stoker, Mrs., Cowichan Lake, B.C. — A collection of seeds of 130 species of British Columbian wild plants. Venables, E. P., Vernon, B.C. — Noctuid moths. from the Okanagan valley. "Willing, T. N., Regina, N.W.T. — Specimens of western moths and botanical specimens from various localities in the North-west Territories. Young, C. H., Hurdman's Bridge, Ont. — A collection of specimens of beautifully mounted microlepidoptera, all taken at Ottawa. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JAMES FLETCHER, Entomologist and Botanist. 16—11 162 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. CEREALS. Cereal crops in all parts of the Dominion have been heavy and of excellent quality in 1905. The unprecedented crop of about 85 millions of bushels of wheat in Manitoba and the North-west has bountifully confirmed the sanguine anticipations of those who justly have such confidence in the Great West. Oats, barley and other grains have been equally satisfactory with the staple crop, wheat. There has been an enormous increase over 1904 in the amount of fall wheat harvested in the rich lands of south- •n.estern Alberta. Weather conditions, although such as to cause considerable anxiety at times, from cool weather during growth, with frequent rains, proved to be most propitious for the production of high quality grain. The long open autumn allowed the enormous crop -to be safely garnered. There were few adverse influences. Rust, although locally present, had little effect on the main crop. Two weeks of hot weather just before harvest caused the grain to ripen up all at once and rather prerftaturely ; but Mr. Willing writes at the end of the season : ' Weeds were too abundant in many places, but I have heard of no serious damage to grain crops by pests except in the early part of the season, by cutworms in Alberta and parts of Assiniboia.' In Ontario, ' while a majority of correspondents describe fall wheat as of good quality, some speak of the grain as being rather shrunken and light in weight.' * Very little harm to the crop was reported from Hessian Fly or other insects.' (Ontario Crop Report No. 90, for Nov. 1905). In Quebec, crops were well up to the average. In New Brunswick a protracted summer drought. in some parts reduced crops of all kinds, but early sown wheat threshed out a good yield. In Nova Scotia the Secretary of Agriculture writes : ' On the whole, I think the province may be congratulated upon having received a bountiful harvest. Hay, oats, wheat and potatoes are the most important crops and have reached a high average.' In Prince Edward Island Rev. A. E. Burke reports : ' No rust of any account on grain. Wheat, oats and other grains, a bumper crop. In a very restricted circle Hessian Fly and Joint Worm attacked the wheat.' Prof. Readey writes in the August Crop Report : ' The wheat crop is above the average. In the vicinities of New London, Stanley Bridge and Cavendish, the wheat Joint Worm is reported as doing considerable damage.' The Hessun Fly (Cecidomyia destructor. Say). — There is little mention of injury by the Hessian Fly in Ontario during 1905, although in Prof. James's November Crop Report it is stated that a few complaints were sent to his Department; but in no caM was there serious damage. Slight attack was also noticed in Prince Edward Island. A rather more considerable injury to the spring wheat crop occurred in Manitoba. Several correspondents estimate the loss at about 5 per cent. All evidence so far at hand indicates that the Hessian Fly in Manitoba is single-brooded, a fortunate fact in this country, where such a large area is devoted to wheat. In Alberta there has recently been an enormous increase in the acreage devoted to fall wheat; and, fortun- ately, up to the present time, no trace of the Hessian Fly has been found in that pro- vince. It will be well, however, for the fall wheat growers in the country to the south of Calgary to be on the look out for this insect and be prepared to adopt the methods of controlling it which have been so successful in the older provinces. Reports of the presence of Hessian Fly began to come in at the end of August, and through the courtesy of Mr. Geo. Batho, of the Nor-west Farmer, Winnipeg, I have been allowed to REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 consult tlie correspondence which was sent in to his paper on the subject. The district over which the Hessian Fly injured wheat crops to some extent, was the whole south of the province, west of the Red River, and a short way into the North-west Territories. Mr. Batho, writing on October 9, says: — * There was some loss due to the Hessian Fly over a large area in the southern part of the province; some fields about Morden, Roland and Carman were badly struck; but the attack was not general in all fields in any other part of the country. From most of our reports it would appear that the heavy crops escaped, but the light ones were always likely to be attacked. It seems to me that this can be explained by the heavy crops occurring on land which had been summer-fallowed, and where con- sequently no flies had wintered over, while the light crops were on stubble land that had been cropped last year and which might have been affected to some extent, although the injury was not noticed.' ' Xov. 22. — I have found out since I last wrote, that the loss from the Hessian Fly is probably greater than one might suppose from any reports that have been pub- lished. A farmer at Griswold told me the other day that there was considerable loss in that district At Portage la Prairie there was heavy loss, and one farmer stated his belief that there was a small amount of loss every year and had been for several sea- sons past.' — Geo. Batiio. There is little doubt that loss from the Hessian Fly was larger than was generally recognized; but, owing to the heavy crop of wheat all through the country, little atten- tion was paid to this matter. Unfortunately, many of the farmers of the West take the mistaken view of the subject that is expressed in a letter upon this outbreak, published in the Nor-west Farmer of September 5 last, where the writer says : ' I think the estimate of 5 per cent not too high for the loss. Where I am cutting, I expect 35 or 40 bushels per acre, so I do not kick about a little loss.' The writer evi- dently does not appreciate that the little loss of this year may multiply, under favoiir- able circumstances, into an enormous one next year. The article referred to in the Nor-west Farmer was very timely, and stated the facts of the case plainly and well, giving the life history of the insect, the best remedies, and concluding with the follow- ing wise statement: — ' The principal reason why care should be taken to destroy the pupse of the Hessian Fly this fall, is of course to prevent the possibility of a much more serious attack next year.' The following extracts from correspondence show how widespread the attack was in Manitoba, and the probable loss : — ' Aug. 28, Virden, Man. — Crops are apparently good ; but, when the binder goes into th^ field, they do not show up so well. We are able, by lowering the binder, to pick up most of the grain; but the sample is not as good as the rest of the field.' — A. P. Power. ' Aug. 29, Pilot Mound, Man. — It seems to be all through the crop of wheat this year.' — J. S. Moffatt. ' Sept. 2, Wellwyn, Sask. — The insects are located between the sheath and the straw itself. The damage will amount to from two to three bushels to the acre, as it is impossible to pick up all heads with the binder.' — F. J. Collyer. ' Sept. 7, Reston, Man. — I first noticed the Hessian Fly at Roland. Most farmers showed no interest in the matter, saying that the trouble occurred to the same extent every year. One old Ontario farmer, however, who knew the tiessian Fly, deplored its appearance, remembering the harm that it had done in Ontario. At Miami I found a few flax seeds in a late crop and a few at Belmont and Reston. The field at Roland would average 5 per cent injury all over; but in some patches it would be more than double that.' — John McBeax. * Sept. Y, Portage la Prairie, Man. — I noticed damage from Hessian Fly seemed to be much worse after two days of heavy wind towards the last of cutting. Crops on 16—11* 161 EXPEnniENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 some of the older land were injured to the extent of 5 per cent or more These summer- fallows on new land did not seem to be so bad.' — ^D. W. McKirdy. ' Oct. 31, Cartwright, Man. — We have a little Hessian Fly here, but some miles away further south it was very bad. I put a letter in the local paper, advising farmers to burn straw even more liberally than they have been in the habit of doing.' — E. F. Heath. ' Sept. 7, "Wellwyn, Sask. — Hessian Fly has done great harm to the wheat crop here this year.' — John Hislop, There seems to have been no uniformity of opinion as to the crop conditions which attracted the females when they were laying eggs, some farmers stating that the heavy crops on summer-fallowed land were worst attacked, while others claimed that exactly the opijosite was the case. The following letter from Mr. L. E. Marmont, who has made a study of insects and their habits is of interest : — ' ISTov. 28, Eounthwaite, Man. — I regret to say that the damage in this neighbour- hood from Hessian Fly during the past summer was the worst since 1902. On summer- fallows, where the wheat was heaviest, there were so many broken down straws that it interfered with the proper working of the binder. Cutting had to be done so low down to get the bent over stuff, that it resulted in long ragged sheaves and an amount of straw which made an appreciiible difference in the time taken in threshing. I examined straws in many fields and found from three to five fiax-seeds at a joint. Many of these, I found, were very light and apparently dead. We had some extremely warm days dur- ing harvest, and this may have affected some of them. The wheat itself in injured stems was almost as plump as the unaffected; so, we cut as low as possible so as to get it. I have urged all my neighbours to try and bum their stubble, if possible; but the fall has not been very favourable in this way, still a good deal has been burned over, and, if the spring is dry, more will be done then. Threshing was so slow and the ground was frozen up so early that the area of fall ploughing is the smallest ever known ; con- sequently, little has been done in this way against the fly, and I fear we shall have a repetition of the spring damage to the young wheat, such as we had in the spring of 1903, unless the stubble is burnt over or turned down early. I think that from three to five bushels per acre would be a conservative estimate of the damage round here.' 'Dec. 8. — My son and I think that in Blyth and the surrounding district, the damage to wheat from the Hessian Fly would be about five per cent. The early sown grain would be less and the late a little more.' — G. S. Charleson. The Location of the Injury. — The larvae of the Hessian Fly attack the stems of wiheat, barley and rye, either in the root shoots of fall-sown grain, in autumn as well as in spring, before the stems are formed or of spring grain in the root shoots or at the second joint above the root. The minute red eggs are laid on the leaves by very small gnats half the size of an ordinary mosquito, during June or soon after the young plants appear above the ground. The appearance of the flies and the hatching of the eggs are, however, very much influenced by weather conditions. Both of these may be accelerated by warm damp weather, or the emergence may be delayed by diy cold weather. After emerging, the mature flies pair at once, lay their eggs, and in a very few days disappear. It is claimed that the Hessian Fly does not travel very far from the field where it develops from the puparia or flax-seeds. This is an important point, indicating the necessity of treating fields which are known to have been infested to a certain extent. As soon as the little maggots hatch from the eggs, they work their way down to the base of the leaf sheaths and attack the young stem at its junction with the leaf. Frequently the stem is r-evented from forming and the shoot is destroyed; but a very few days' delay in the time of the laying of the eggs or of the hatching of the larvse, enables the stem to begin to shoot up; and, when this takes place, they nearly always develop and form an ear. In this latter case, the injury is of course much less than when the shoot is destroyed. The larvse lie at the base of the leaf and attack the succulent tei;der straw just above the joint, sucking the sap and gradually forming a RErORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD DOTAyiST 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 more or less noticeable dejDression in the soft stem inside which they lie. When only one or two maggots occur on a straw the injury is not very severe and attacked stems when not knocked down by high wind at harvest time may produce fairly heavy grain. Sometimes, however, the maggots suck the sap to such an extent that the stem is killed at the point of injury and the tissues separate, when the stem falls over, displacing the flax-seeds and mriking them appear as if they had formed inside the stem. This was the case last season in Manitoba and caused uncertainty on the part of some observant far- mers as to the identity of the insect which had done the injury. I am obliged to rhy correspondent, Mr. Sanford Manson, for calling my attention to this matter; for it should certainly be mentioned when describing the nature of the attack of the Hessian Fly. Ho writes :— ' Xov. 23, Sperling, Man. — I send a few wheat stems that have suffered from insect attack this summer. I have just received a very welcome bulletin (No. 52) which treats of insects; but I cannot find anything which resembles it nearer than the Hes- sian Fly ; only the description of that insect states that it is found on the outside of the stem beneath the sheath of the leaf. You will notice that this pupa is inside the stem. I spoke to a number of farmers about the matter, and they all agreed that the pupa was inside the stem. It did not seem to affect the wheat very much, as the broken down heads were as well filled as the standing ones; but in some fields the loss from breaking down so low was that the binders could not pick it up. This made considerable loss, variously estimated at from two to five bushels per acre. It seems to have been general in this diistrict. About the last of September it was found that the pupa had developed and the grub had eaten its way out. Therefore, it is only the deserted shell, which I •am sending you. Both early and late sown wheat suffered.' The material sent showed that some of the flax-seeds were as stated inside the straw; but in these cases the injured straw was blackened from decay, and shreaded and broken up by the twisting of the straw at the time it bent and fell over. By softening the stems in water and examining them carefully, the cavity in which the larvte had lain while active could always be traced; and, although this depression was deeply dented into the stem, it was actually on the outside of it, beneath the base of the leaf sheath. Mr. Manson and some other correspondents have referred to empty flax-seeds being found on the stems in autumn. This is an important matter as it in- dicates the probability that parasites or other natural enemies have been at work, and H is therefore a very hopeful sign for the future. There are several' parasites which prey upon the Hessian Fly, and their good offices in the past have been the chief cause of the sudden disappearance from infested districts of this serious enemy of the farmer. When emerging naturally, the pupa of the Hessian Fly works its way out of the brown flax-seed-like puparium and the gauzy, empty, pupa-case is left, protruding conspicuously from the end. A parasite on leaving the puparium gnaws a ragged hole which may be in any part of the puparium. In Manitoba there is only one brood of the Hessian Fly. The puparia are found in the late summer. By harvest time all the larvae have turned to the flax-seed stage, and Ihe flies do not emerge until the following June. A knowledge of the habits of the insect in Manitoba suggests the best remedial measures. The puparia of all the mag- gots which attack the root shoots in early summer, and most of those on the straw are left in the stubble fields after the wheat is cut. An effective way of disposing of these is, when it is conveniently possible, to bum over the stubbles before the follow- ing year and to plough down the land deeply before the next crop is sown. The burn- ing will destroy a great many of the insects, and the ploughing will put them so deep down that the delicate flies, when they emerge, cannot reach the surface. In years of bad infestation a great effort should be made to get as much fall ploughing done as possible, so as to reduce the danger of infested stubble fields being left for summer - fallowing, owing to the pressure of spring work. As it is necessary to cut low to pick up fallen ^rain, many of the flax-seeds will be carried with the straw. At threshiu'' 168 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906 time most of these will fall with the rubbish beneath the machine, or will be left in ■ening varieties. For table use any variety which can be grown ready for the table by the first week in July, will be free from attack. As this insect passes the winter as a caterpillar inside a silken cocoon spun in the ground beneath the plant upon the seeds of which it had fed, it is of course advisable to adopt the common sense practise to use land for the new crop as far as possible removed from fields which have been used previously for the cultivation of seed pease. As soon as the crop is picked, all pea vines should at once be burnt so as to destroy bmall and imperfect pods which frequently contain the larvse of the moth. The perfect insect which lays the eggs from which the ' pea worms ' hatch is a small gray moth three-eighths of an inch in length when the wings are closed, which is able to fly a considerable distance. A correspondent was good enough to give me the following information which may be of use in working out the complete life history of this insect. Mr. W. E. Taylor, writing from Beaverton, Ont., on Nov. 25, says : * I wish to ask you about the statement in Bulletin 52, where you recommend to sow pease as far as possible from the previous year's pea field. I sowed my pease this year more than a mile from any other pea field and pease have not been grown near here for three years. The crop was wormy. We have no ' Bug ' or true Pea Weevil here, so they were the caterpillars of the Pea moth. The seed was sown about May 20, and it was an early kind, the June or Dan O'Rourke. How did the pest get here ? Da the moths lay eggs on the dry pease and gum them over ? ' In the above instance the moths must have flown from a distance to lay their eggs. These, as stated above, are laid outside the pea pods, while these latter are green and Boft. FODDER CROPS. Fodder crops were, on the whole, very satisfactory. Large crops of hay were secured in the west, and the prairies provided good pasture all through the summer. Brcme grass and Western Eye grass are being m.ore grown every year. * Pastures (in REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Ontario) were in from fair to good condition during the summer and fall, and this favoured all classes of live stock. Cold, wet weather at time of planting gave corn a set back; but midsummer conditions were so favourable that corn picked up in a wonderful way. Most returns show an average yield.' — C. C. James, Nov. Crop Bull. The same conditions and results as prevailed in Ontario, were also found in Quebec and parts of New Brunswick. For the last named province, generally speaking, the crop of hay was good; some counties cut more than ever before, but a cold, wet spring followed by a long drought was severely felt in some places. The returns from Nova Scotia in all but two or three counties show fodder crops were well above the average. ' We have had a better season for the growth of crops than for several years, that is, if we except apples.' (B. W. Chipman.) In Prince Edward Island ' Hay crops were almost up to the average. Clover and timothy were somewhat light owing to the drought of last year. Hay was saved in good condition. In very few places is corn reported below the average.' (J. C. Eeadey.) There was no serious loss in fodder crops from insects. Cutworms, as is the case every year, were troublesome in some places early in the season, but the season allowed of gaps being filled by resowing. Near ITontreal the Com Root Maggot was reported in corn fields where germination of the seed had been delayed by cool, dry weather. Clover, although very much attacked by the Clover-seed Midge in Ontario, gave very heavy crops of hay in all the eastern provinces of the Dominion. The Clover Leaf Weevil and the Green Clover Weevil were reported from the Ottawa district, the former for the first time, and the Eed- iieaded Flea-beetle {Systena frontalis, Fab.) from Ottawa and Guelph; but no ap- preciable injury was wrought. Clover Dodder was frequently inquired about from the abundance of the seed in clover seed sold. In one instance a crop of alfalfa at St. . Mary's, Ont., was much injured. The Rose Chafer {Macrodactylus subspinosus. Fab.). — This well known enemy of the fruit grower and flower gardener has this year appeared in a new role. Towards the end of June last the Steele, Briggs Seed Co., of Toronto, sent me several specimens of the Rose Chafer beetles, with the surprising statment that they had been taken from a 20-acre field of fodder corn, growing near Priceville, Ont., which they had been attacking for two days. The corn at the time was about eight inches high, and grow- ing very thriftily. There was no appearance whatever of any trouble four days before the letter was written; but the beetles appeared in vast numbers on June 26, and covered about two-thirds of the field, averaging about twenty insects to a plant, and began to devour the leaves. Naturally a remedy was asked for as soon as possible, as it was claimed that no one there knew the insect or had ever seen anything like it before on com. It was suggested to the owners, Messrs. S. Price & Sons, of Toronto, to spray the fields at once with a whale-oil soap solution of one pound of soap in five gallons of water, this application having been found very effective against the Rose Chafer by Prof. Webster, in Indiana, the spray killing every beetle it fell upon. It was also suggested to dust the crop with a mixture of one pound of Paris green in 20 pounds of freshly slaked lime. Fortunately, the visitation was of very short duration, and the crop subsequently outgrew all traces of the injury. Messrs. Price & Sons wrote with regard to this outbreak on July 19, as follows : ' We are glad to say that the Rose Chafers which were injuring our corn field a few weeks ago, have all gone. They all went inside of 24 hours after we had written to you. They stayed with us for three days and did considerable injury; but the corn now seems to have outgrown it, and to be all right. They all flew away before we had a chance to spray them.' ROOTS AND VEGETABLES. Root crops in most parts of the Dominion gave heavy returns. Potatoes in Ontario and in parts of Manitoba vvere materially reduced by the Potato Rot. Turnips wore. 174 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 generally speaking, poor and far less satisfactory than mangels. The Turnip Aphis was reported as in greater numbers in western Ontario than for many years. In the eastern counties of the province the reverse of this was the case. Cutworms did some harm and the Turnip Flea-beetle was stated to be very destructive in Pictou county, N.S. The Colorado Potato Beetle was less destructive than usual in the Maritime Pro- vinces, but was mentioned as unusually abundant in Manitoba. Mr. W. J. Black, of Winnipeg, writes : — * The Potato Beetle has this year been much more in evidence than ever before; and, in many cases, those "who have not been previously familiar with this insect and its method of destroying the potato plant, have had their crops literally con- sumed before they were aware of what was taking place. The greatest damage from this pest has been in the Red River valley; but it would appear that it is gradually working its way westward. It was noticeable as far west as Portage la Prairie; but at Brandon it has not yet become destructive. Cutworms, chiefly the Red-backed Cutworm, did much injury at several places, in gardens as well as in fields. Where attended to promptly with the poisoned bran remedy satisfactory results were invariably secured. Two newi pests of cultivated plants were reported from Manitoba by Mr. Norman Criddle. The Knot-weed Beetle (Gastroidea polygoni, L.) did considerable harm to rhubarb by eating holes in the leaves, and Galeruca externa, Say, a chrysomelid which feeds naturally on Lepidium apetalum, an indigenous member of the cress family, turned its attention to cabbages and turnips. The Stalk Borer (Papaipema nitela, Gn.). — In the past all references to injury by stalk borers in potatoes, com and other crops in Canada have been for the most part attributed to the caterpillars of the Stalk Borer {Papaipema nitela, Gn.), sometimes referred to as the Potato Stalk Borer. At Ottawa many years ago I found that nearly all injuries by stalk borers to plants in vegetable and flower gardens were by the Bur- dock Borer (Papaipema cataphracta, Grt), and I could find no specimens of P. nitela in collections, which had been reared from cultivated plants in Canada. During the past summer, however, P. nitela was very abundant and destructive in the western counties of Ontario and in the State of Michigan. Through the kindness of Professor Lochhead, I leamt of localities where I could obtain specimens for study. Mr. G. W. Riseborough, of Pargo, Ont., helped me very much in this investigation and kindly sent me several consignments of the caterpillars and the plants they were attacking, as well as some parasites which he had found with the larvae. Although, on the whole, this abundant occurrence of the Stalk Borer in Ontario had little effect on the crops attacked, it was very interesting and worthy of record. ' Fargo, Ont., July 3. — I was examining to-day some of my corn fields and find that the borer has left them very thin in some places. The injury is more noticeable in corn than in other plants, because the top fades quickly. I have found several other fields besides my own affected by this insect. The good corn weather which we have had recently, has pushed the plants on so fast that the effects of the borer are not nearly so apparent now as they were, and, apart from one or two pieces, the damage does not seem to be very great. Many other plants were affected in this neighbourhood besides the com. I have found the caterpillars in potatoes, tomatoes, Canada Thistle, elder, lamb's-quarters, garden beans, ragweed and a few kinds of garden flowers.' ' July 7. — I was looking at 30 large tomato plants to-day which are just beginning to blossom, and I find 8 of them with borers in them.' ' July 13. — I found a worm yesterday just beginning to bore into a pigweed stem. When discovered, only his head was buried. In fifteen minutes he had buried in his whole length, I was surprised, too, to find a plant of sweet clover which as you loiow has a very tough stem, with three holes in it and two worms. They cleaned out the centre of the stem for about two feet. The early potatoes, tomatoes and most flowers and weeds do not show the effect of the borers so quickly as the corn does, because they do not fade so easily. The corn in this section never grew more quickly than during REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 the last two weeks. The effects of the worm are not so noticeable as they were a little while ago.' — G. W. Eiseborough. * Mount Brydges, Ont., June 30. — I send you specimens of a grub which is playing havoc with the potato and the tomato crop. They bore into the stalk and eat the heart out. I have taken dozens of them out of potato and tomato plants and of course the plant is done when the trouble is noticed.' — W. B. Dunn. It is very seldom that a remedy is required for stalk borers in Canada. The num- ber of specimens which occur in any one locality is, as a rule, small, and no remedies need to be applied. Whenever an injured plant is noticed, the borer should be sought for and destroyed; but I know of no treatment by which their outbreaks could be pre- vented. The presence of the larvae in many kinds of weeds points to the advantage of keeping down all such useless and unnecessary vegetation. The Corn Worm (Heliothis ohscura. Fab., ^H. armiger, Hbn.). — This insect \rhich always occurs in Canada in an irregular manner did no harm in the eastern provinces and in Ontario, but for the first time was complained of from Manitoba. The species was known to occur in the prairie provinces from moths which had been collected, but up to the present so little sweet com has been grown for table use that no one had noticed its injury before this year. The first mention came to me throiigh the Nor-ivest Farmer, early in September. The samples sent were grown by Mr. Neil Bayne, at Pipestone, Man., who sent several ears injured in the ordinary way, and also some of the caterpillars at work in them. Both the green and the brown colour varieties were represented. The brown were stated to have been much more abundant in the early ears of com, to which they had done a great deal of damage. The attack came to an end about September 20. Under date September 11. Mr. W. C. Hall, wrote from Headingly, Man. : — ' I send an ear of sweet corn (Cory) and shall be obliged if you can let me know what grub this is, which is infesting a great part of the com this year for the first time. Many ears are destroyed, the injury begins at the top.' The most westerly occurrence was at Fairy Hill, Sask., from which place Mr. Robert Mollard writes : ' Sept. 4. — Inclosed you will find a cob of corn eaten by a grub, which is also in its place in the cob. This is the first year I ever saw com affected in this way, and most of the cobs are similarly affected.' It is only recently that the farmers on our prairies have discovered that they can grow excellent sweet com for table use, and it will be most unfortunate if this trouble- some pest should develop in such numbers as to induce growers to give up the culture of such a popular and wholesome vegetable. The remedies which have been recommended, are the hand-picking and destruction of the caterpillars as soon as their presence is detected by the premature discoloration of the silk. It is also claimed that many moths may be taken at night in lantern traps consisting of a lighted lantern placed in an open pan containing water with a little coal oil on the top of it. When a crop is known to have been attacked by the Corn Worm, the old stems should be removed from the field as soon as the crop is gathered, and the land ploughed deeply in autumn so as to break up the cocoons and expose the pupae to the weather and their various enemies among the small birds and mammals. TiiE Variegated Cutworm (Peridroma saucia, Hbn.). — In 1900 this large and late occurring species of cutworm did a great deal of harm to all kinds of vegetation on the Pacific coast, extending from Northern British Columbia as far south as Oregon. Very little injury has been recorded against it since that time; but during the past summer the caterpillars were found in noticeable numbers at several places in Brit'"=h Columbia, reports having been received from Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, Mr. W. A. Dashwood-Jones, of New Westminster, Mr. IL V. Harvey, of Vancouver, and from Mr. J. R. Anderson, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of British Columbia, who writes under date July 26: — 'I regret to say that Peridroma saucia is again bad this year, 176 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1936 not as numerous as in 1900, nor, as far as I can make out, so widely distributed. It is sufficiently bad, however, to induce me to send out the emergency bulletin, of which I send you a copy. It is remarkable how soon people forget what has been told them, and I have constant applications for information as to the best remedy. I am again recommending the Paris green and bran which did such excellent work in the last outbreak.' Mr. T. N. Willing, of Reglna, N.W.T., in reporting on the injurious insects of the year, states that the larvae of this moth were very abundant during August at Regina, and he sent several of the moths, which he had reared from caterpillars in gardens at Regina. The comparative abundance of the species in British Columbia should be turned to advantage by gardeners in that province to prepare themselves before next season with materials for poisoning the caterpillars, should they appear again in numbers next smnmer. If this is done there should be no great loss. The Turnip and Cabbage Appiis (Aphis Irassicoe, L.). — Reports relating to the Turnip Aphis from our own correspondents during the past summer were very few; but it is stated by Prof. James in his November Crop Bulletin as follows : — ' The aphis popularly known as the turnip louse appeared in greater force (in Ontario) than for years and hindered the development of the bulbs, which several correspondents describe as being ratlier small and rooty. The cabbage worm or an insect resembling it also attacks the plant in different parts of the province. Favourable reports regard- ing the crop were rare.' ' Manilla, Ont., Dec. 1. — I started on an institute trip at Shelburne, Grey county, Ont., and came south and east. We heard great complaints about the Turnip Aphis destroying the turnip crop west of Toronto, but not much damage appeared to have been done east of that city. The early sown fields suffered most, and, so far as I could learn, those fields that were sown after June 20 appeared to be almost free from aphis. I have made it a point to sow my turnips for many years past from June 20 to 22, and we have never had any serious trouble with the aphis. Sometimes we could find a few plants in a place with some on, but not enough to injure even those to any gTeat extent.' — Hy. Glendinning. There were also restricted but very serious outbreaks in some parts of British Columbia. ' St. Mary's Creek, Gang Ranch, B.C., June 12. — Kindly give me a cure for the lice that settle on cabbages and turnips, completely destroying them. They accumulate by millions. Last season was our first experience. They completely destroyed our whole cabbage plot. I have been in this country 47 years but I never saw them before.' — W. W. Wycott. ' Monte Creek, B.C., Aug. 16. — I send you a few leaves of Swede turnips covered with a pest which has spread terribly quickly and is now going from the turnips to the cabbages. Last year we had some of these, but they were not nearly as bad. It would seem as if the very hot weather and scarcity of water for irrigating is favourable to their increase.' — Hewitt Bostock. ' Cash Creek, B.C., Sept. 23. — I send specimens of a pest which destroyed my turnip crop last year and threatens them again this. Kindly give me the name and some remedy if you know one. If there is none, we must give up trying to grow turnips.' — C. A. Semlin. Reports of injury by this insect to rape came from Mr. George Wright, of Elora, Ont., and from Ottawa. Dr. Hamilton, of Mahone Bay, N.S., writes of its injuries in his locality as follows : — * The turnip aphis was abnormally abundant this year, specially on cabbage. I heard of patches in which nearly every plant was affected. We have these insects in some numbers every year, but it is only at intervals and in special localities that the damage is very severe. Perhaps to this is due the fact that hardly anybody here seem 3 REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 to know of or apply the proper aphis-destroying mixtures which answer well for this as for other species.' The Turnip Aphis and Cabbage Aphis are the same species. It was probably im- ported from Europe many years ago and is now a pest right across the continent. In British Columbia it is as a rule much more destructive to early cabbages and cauli- flowers in gardens than is the case in the East, where its chief depredations are in turnip fields. The remedies which have given the best results are the prompt spraying of the iirst colonies of the season as soon as they appear, with kerosene emulsion or whale- oil soap solution. Of great importance as a means of destroying large numbers of the eggs or of the plant-lice which may possibly winter over as such in Canada (they cer- tainly do 30 in some parts in the egg condition) is the ploughing down deeply, the feed- ing off, or the removal from the fields of all leaves of turnips and cabbages as well as remnants of those crops. The Ked Turnip Beetle {Entomoscelis adonidis. Fab.). — The usual accounts of slight injury to cabbages and turnips have come in from points in the North-west Territories and llanitoba. Mr. Norman Criddle reports the beetles as rather common at Aweme, Man., on radishes in gardens and on a native food plant. Erysimum parvi- florum, on the open prairie. For the first time, however, injury by these insects has been reported from British Columbia, from Mr. H. E. Church, of Hanceville, and Mr. C. H. Norris, of Hazleton. The latter writes that it had given great trouble attacking turnips, cabbages, &c., and was worst on young turnips of which it stripped the leaves clean, leaving only the ribs. Specimens were even sent from Dawson, Yukon Terri- tory, by Mr. W. J. Reynolds, who said that they had destroyed cabbages entirely, eat- ing them right down to the stump, and were at the time of writing, July 26, eating the turnips to rags. Any of the ordinary arsenical poisons for leaf -eating beetles have proved effective against the Bed Turnip Beetle. It has been found that dry mixtures are more con- venient for use on cabbages and smooth-leaved turnips, owing to their waxy cover- ing. Should it be more convenient to use liquid mixtures, these can be made to re- main on the surface of the leaves by adding about a pound of soap to every ten or fifteen gallons of wash. The Carrot Rust-Fly {Psila rosoe. Fab.). — It is some years since we have had a severe attack of Carrot Rust-fly as far east as Ottawa; but early last summer several occurrences were brought to my notice around Ottawa. Some of these were only slight attaclis, but in other cases whole crops were destroyed. Strange to say, al- though so severe in early carrots, there was no appearance of injury when the roots were dug in the a,utumn. In Nova Scotia and New Brunswick this is a much more troublesome pest of the market gardener than it is further to the west ; but even there it is intermittent in its attacks. Dr. C. A. Hamilton writes that in 1902 and 1903 one- half to three-quarters of his carrots at Mahone Bay, N.S., were destroyed by it. In 1904 and 1905 he did not see a single damaged root, although the carrots were sown in the same garden. Notwithstanding this immunity in his garden in 1904, several of his neighbours suffered severely. During 1905 there was practically no injury. The treatment which has given good results in preventing injury by the Carrot Rust-fly, is to sow as late as possible and when thinning out carrots, to do this late in the day and then spray the rows at once with a deterrent wash such as kerosene emul- sion or a carbolic wash. The time when most injury is done is in June and July, so that two or three sprayings, a week apart, will generally protect the crop from in- jury in ordinary years. Should maggots be found in stored carrots, the sand in which •♦hese roots have been kept for the winter should in spring be treated in some way that will insure the destruction of the puparia or will at any rate prevent the emerg- fince of the flies. This may be done either by burying it in a deep hole or by throwing it into a pond or into a barnyard, where it will be thoroughly trampled by stock. IG— 12 178 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The Diamond-Back Moth (PUdella macuUpennis, Curtis). — The small active caterpillars of this moth were abundant and destructive in many places during 1905. They did considerable harm in rape fields and on Swede turnips and cabbages, and occurred at various places from Nova Scotia to British Columbia. I have no record of widespread or very serious damage in the East, but there is every indication that, if the summer had been a hot and dry one, the loss would have been very great. As it was, the frequent and copious rains in those places where the outbreaks occurred, enabled the plants to make such vigorous growth that the attacks of the caterpillars were of small moment. It is well known that moisture and continued damp weather fire detrimental to this insect. Dr. C. A. Hamilton found the species very abundant for several miles round Mahone Bay, N.S. It also occurred in Prince Edward Island, at Youghall, near Bathurst, N.B., at Ottawa, and at several places in Manitoba, the North-west Territories and British Columbia. The remedies for this insect are dusting the plants infested with a dry Paris green mixture consisting of one pound of Paris green in twenty-five of lime or wood ashes, or spraying them with kerosene emulsion or a whale-oil soap solution. To allow of the mixture being thrown well up under the leaves such a convenient implement as has been given to me by Mr. Geo. E. Eisher, of Ereeman, Ont., should be used. Tiiis consists simply of a short length of metal pipe bent in the middle to the required angle and having the nozzle attached to one end. As a supplementary treatment inducing a vigorous growth, light dressings of some quick acting fertilizer such as nitrate of soda, hoed in round the roots of the plant, are of great advantage. The Cucumber and Potato Elea-Beetle (Epitrix cucumeris, Harr.). — A serious enemy to potatoes, but one which is frequently overlooked, is the so-called Cucumber Elea-beetle. This minute dusky-black hopping beetle, about one-twelfth of an inch in length, appears early in spring and again about the beginning of August, and some- times in such numbers that it becomes a serious check to potatoes, tomatoes and all kinds of cucurbits or members of the Gourd family. A remarkable outbreak of this beetle occurred in Nova Scotia last August. ' Mahone Bay, N.S., August 14. — We have the Cucumber Flea-beetle here on pota toes more or less plentifully every year especially in June; this spring, however, I thought they were not as abundant as usual. On August 3 1 looked over my potatoes for the Colorado Potato Beetle and do^not remember seeing sny flea-beetles at all. On August 5 one side of the patch was simply alive with them, and by the next day they had spread over the whole patch. I partly counted and partly calculated the number and found them to average about 800 to each plant. By the 9th they had destroyed between a quarter and a half of the leaf surface of the side of the patch first attacked. That afternoon I gave them a dose of poisoned Bordeaux mixture. On the 11th they had practically disappeared. A neighbour's potatoes about 150 yards away were nearly as badly infested as my own. I have an idea that the poisoned Bordeaux mixture may act rather by driving the beetles to adjacent vegetation than by killing them. After they left the potatoes they turned their attention to cucumbers, beans, pumpkins, squashes and tomatoes which were badly eaten. On account of this troublesome pest it is almost impossible, without the most careful attention, to raise tomatoes here from seed sown in the open, because they sweep away the young plants as soon as they appear above the ground.' — C. A. Hamilton. The efficacy of the poisoned Bordeaux mixture for this insect was discovered by Prof. L. R. Jones, of Vermont, in his very thorough experiments with Bordeaux mix- ture against the Potato Pot. It is probable that the copper sulphate in this composi- tion does have much effect in rendering the foliage distasteful to the beetles ; but there is also little doubt that great numbers of the beetles eat the foliage and are poisoned. This useful remedy is suitable for application to all of the plants mentioned above and is also useful upon them in preventing fungous diseases which regularly attack them. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The Sugar Beet Webworm (Loxostege sticticalis, L.)- — In my report for 1903 I referred to an outbreak of the Sugar Beet Webworm. in the West and treated it at some length, so that in case of a future outbreak those who are now turning so much atten- tion to the cultivation of the sugar beet in the Cardston district of Alberta, might be prepai-ed. During the past autumn I received an account of a local occurrence in that district. Mr. J. B. Merrill, who is a most progressive farmer and fruit grower at Magrath, Alta., writes on August 25 : — ' I isend you by this mail specimens of worms which are destroying our beet crops here at an alarming rate. I take them to be the Sugar Beet Webworin of your 1903 report. Wliat had we better do to control them? We are spraying them with Paris green now, but the beets are stripped of their leaves. Do you think that they will survive the attack and be of any use ? ' Mr. Merrill was written that he had applied the right remedy and that the plants would certainly revive, but would be injured to the extent that the leaves had been des- troyed, and that, although the roots would be reduced in size, they would probably still give a paying crop. That this proved to be the case is shown by a later letter from Mr. Merrill : — * Magrath, Alta., Xov. 3. — I have to day delivered the last load of my beets on the ears, so am now in a position to answer your questions. I had a very good stand of beets on my 17 acres. Towards the end of August, after a three days' absence, I was surprised to find the plants covered with worms. Part of the field had been irrigated. Here the plants were not as badly affected as where they had no water. These latter were swept clean, but they afterwards started a new growth of leaves, and from this part of the field I harvested only four tons to the acre; but the watered beets yielded 13 tons to the acre. Wlien ploughing up the beets, we found enormous numbers of the worms about two inches under the surface of the soil. These we hope to destroy by winter cultivation. I think that the moths must have come from an adjoining lucerne patch.' The Spixed Eustic (Barathra occideniaia, Grt.). — During the month of July a great many different kinds of plants in gardens were attacked at Ottawa by large, smooth, cutworm-like caterpillars, which were at first greenish in colour, having the body divided into two equal areas above and below the spiracles. The upper of these areas, or the back of the caterpillar, was darker by reason of some black patches, and the under side of the body was of a yellowish hue. These rather inconspicuously marked caterpillars were largely nocturnal in habit, coming out at night and feeding singly en nearly all kinds of vegetation, but being particularly destructive to the seed pods of larkspurs and to the foliage of the bleeding-heart (Dielytra spectabilis). Li the vegetable garden, spinach and cabbages were most attacked. After the last moult, about the middle of July, these caterpillars were much more conspicuously marked, presenting a handsome Mamestra-like appearance, with three lines down the back and with each segment ornamented with large velvety black patches; the head is honey- coloured and mottled. When full grown these caterpillars are very voracious. They are about two inches in length, cylindrical in shape like cutworms and attain a diameter of nearly \ of an inch. There is great variation in their colours, some specimens appearing to be almost black while others have a dark olive green aspect; but all speci- mens show a distinct band along the sides below the spiracles, which is clear yellow in colour, marked centrally with red. These caterpillars were the progeny of a noctuid moth which up to the present time has been a very rare species in all collections of insects. It has been identified for me by Dr. J. B. Smith, as Barathra occidentata, Grt., an insect which is so rare that the only two specimens I had ever seen were two reared by Mr. Guignard from larvae which he had found upon larkspurs in his garden in 1898. Mr. C. H. Young, of Ottawa, an energetic collector of moths, also took a single specimen on June 6 of the same year, and another one the following year on 16—12^ 180 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 June 19. During last summer, while collecting moths at Ottawa, we found that this species was well represented among captures which we made during the month of June around electric lights; and several more specimens were collected hiding away in dark corners of offices and out-buildings. A few vreeks later than this, caterpillars were found in great abundance out of doors on various kinds of plants. These we were able to identify by comparing them with specimens which we had reared from eggs laid by captured females. We were fortunate enough to work out the whole life history of the species. There is only one brood in the year, the eggs being laid in June and July and the caterpillars feeding through July and into August. When full grown they bury a few inches beneath the surface of the ground and change to shining brown chrysalids, from which the moths do not emerge until the following June. The moth is a handsome insect, expanding over an inch and a half when the wings are open. The upper wings are a dark silvery gray, so thickly checkered and marked with waved blackish lines as almost to hide the ground colour ; hind wings silvery gray clouded with fuscous on the outer half. 'K^r the end of the upper wings is a waved white line. The outer or kidney-shaped of the two marks which are characteristic of noctuid moths, is margined with black and is boldly marked with white; but the other, the orbicular, is hardly perceptible from the other marks of the wings. On each of the upper wings are three rather large suffused pale, bronzy areas, one close to the base, and the other two towards the upper and lower angles. The upper of these lies beyond the kidney- shaped mark and just inside the waved white line which runs down inside the outer margin. The thorax and abdomen are crested and of the same colour as the general tone of the wings. The genus Barathra to which this moth belongs, is easily dis- tinguished from its near relatives by the presence of a long curved claw on the outer side of the tibiae of the front pair of legs. Not only did this insect occur in abundance at Ottawa, but specimens were sent from Mahone Bay, K.S., where my energetic correspondent. Dr. C. A. Hamilton, makes many very valuable observations for me. Dr. Hamilton found the caterpillars when they were quite small, upon cabbages, turnips, cauliflowers, corn and sweet pease. They were, at the time he first wrote, July 23, quite small, and were of the green colour which characterizes the first stages. Like the larvae of many other noctuids, while very young, they resemble in shape and manner of moving those of the geometer moths. Dr. Hamilton writes : — ' Aug. 11. — I am sending you some more of the caterpillars which I find on my cabbages and cauliflowers. I have also found them on sweet peas and on one small patch of Kohlrabi. T also send a few. from corn. I have examined nearly all the patches of these vegetables about this village and from one to six miles out in various directions, and have found them present in all but a few cases. The damage, on the whole, is not very great, the worst perhaps being in a small patch of cabbage in which I counted 14 out of 70 plants, so badly eaten as to be worthless. A few other patches were nearly as badly injured, but most had only from one to five per cent noticeably afiected. Turnips were infested to about the same extent. Cauli- flowers are not much grown here, but I saw many plants almost ruined. The attacks were confined almost entirely to the cultivated Cruciferse. Eresh batches of young were being hatched from the egg until up to about August 1.' Moths of this species were taken at Levis, Que., by the Eev. Dr. Fyles, and I found the caterpillars in great numbers stripping a patch of cabbages in the garden of Mr. W. McKirdy, at Nepigon, Ont., on August 21. These were very much later than at Ottawa, where most of the larvse had attained full growth two or three weeks sooner. As a remedy for this insect, almost any of the ordinary applications for leaf-eat- ing insects would answer; but I found them less susceptible than I supposed would be the case, to an application of pyrethrum insect powder. There is, of course, the pos- sibility that the powder may not have been good ; but it did not kill the caterpillars as quickly as is the case of most other similar caterpillars upon which I have tried it. The poisoned bran mash answered well at Ottawa. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FRUIT CROPS. The fruit crops from one cause or another were somewhat irregular, except in British Columbia, where they were well up to the average and of high quality. In Ontario, although a good crop of apples was marketed, there were districts where they were poor. This was thought to be largely due to the severe winter of 1903-4, followed by the very heavy crop of last year, followed again by the hard winter of 1904-5. Apples in the Ottawa district, where the orchards had been sprayed, were of high quality and abundant. Heavy wind storms in October reduced the yields of first-cL:s5 fruit to some extent. The St. Lawrence and Ottawa valleys and the Eastern Townships of Quebec gave good crops of autumn and early winter apples, but very light crops of winter varieties. Mr. A. McXeill, Chief of the Fruit Division of the Department of Agriculture, in summing up the apple crop for the year says : — ' The Dominion, as a whole, will produce about one-third as many apples as last year. The fruit will be freer from ?cab, but somewhat more injured by Codling Moth. The favourable weather of autumn allowed the numerically small crop of apples on the trees to fill up better than usual; and, although the apples are on the whole rather small, they are clean and of good quality, and probably the final result will give average paying returns to the growers.' The apple crop in Nova Scotia is reported as being below the average on account of a heavy frost in June, which injured the blossoms ; nevertheless, it is estimated that there were probably four hundred thousand barrels for export and the local market, worth at current prices close to one million dollars. Mr. S. C. Parker, Secretary of the Fruit Growers' Association of Nova Scotia, reports on the crops of the celebrated Annapolis Valley, N.S. — 'Apples: crop fair, probably 75 per cent of average, quality varying from good to very poor; fungi quite bad although thorough spraying gave some clean orchards. The pear crop was large, but of rather poor quality. Plums and small fruits gave good crops. A severe frost on Jiine 6 did much injury to blossoms, and perhaps easterly winds and dull weather during the blossoming period did more. Early fall frosts injured the cranberry crop somewhat. A sharp freeze on October 2G ruined many hundred barrels of unpicked apples. Season was very favourable except for one or two frosts.' Losses from the attacks of injurious insects were less than usual in all parts of the Dominion, owing to the much greater attention which is now being given by fruit- growers to spraying and other advanced methods of orchard management. Peaches in the Niagara district and in British Columbia, where grown, were a heavy crop. Much the same may be said of pears and plums. Plum rot and curculio are mentioned in Northern Ontario reports. The grape crop of Ontario was heavy, and as there were no killing frosts till very late, the fruit ripened well. Small fruits almost everywhere gave fairly good crops. The insects which were oftenest mentioned as injuring fruit crops were the San Jose Scale, the Codling Moth, the Apple Woolly Aphis, which has been more abundant than for many years, the Apple Aphis, the Oyster-sheD Scale, and the Cherry Slug. The Apple Maggot men- t'oned in my last report as present at Como, Que., was this year much more prevalent in that locality, and a special effort was made to apprise the fruit growers of the best remedial measures and the danger of neglecting to attend to the matter at once. Notwithstanding the magnificent crop of fruit gathered in British Columbia, there was considerable injury done by regularly occurring insect pests. The Woolly Apple Aphis and the Green Apple Aphis were very abundant in some places and did noticeable injury. . According to Mr. K. M. Palmer, who has excellent opportunities for examining the crops throughout the province, the Eye-spotted Bud-moth has been worse than for many years in the Victoria district. The injury of this caterpillar was also much augmented by a late frost in May. Mr. Thos. Cunningham, the In- 182 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1905 spector of Fruit Pests, reports the Lesser Apple Worm as abundant and destructive at Kamloops and Trail. The San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus, Corostock). — Much has been written recently in newspapers and magazines on the San Jose Scale injury in Ontario, but there is, as a matter of fact, little change in the condition of our orchards in Ontario since last year. This in itself is not satisfactory, because, where careful commercial growers have attended to their orchards properly, and have used the recommended re- medy, good clean crops have- been harvested. There are, however, a great many small growers and private individuals who do nothing at all against the scale, and conse- quently it holds its own. The Federal Government still maintains at considerable ex- penditure fumigation stations, by which any danger of the introduction of infested stock is prevented. The Provincial Government of Ontario and the leading nursery- m.en are making every effort to avoid the distribution of infested nursery stock, and, if a greater effort were put forth by all concerned, this dire enemy of the fruit grower could certainly be reduced very much in numbers. I regret to have to state that I have this year received specimens of the San Jose Scale from two localities in British Columbia. The attention of the Provincial Gov- ernment has been drawn to the matter, and the few trees which are infested in both cases will be destroyed before another season opens. The first of these was discovered by Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B.C., a keen entomologist and one therefore well able to detect the enemy and give advice to tha owner of the trees. It is satisfactory to find that in both of these cases the trees have been planted for a long time and date back previous to the enforcement of the San Jose Scale Act and the establishment of the fumigating stations. For the San Jose Scale more careful treatment and persistent effort is necessary than for many other insects the fruit growei< has to deal with. The standard remedy is the lime and sulphur wash which has so often been mentioned in these reports and for the making of which and instructions in its application, necessary information will be given to any one who applies for them. Prof. J. B. Smith of New Jersey recommends very highly two recently sent out proprietary mixtures : Kil-o-scale and Scalecide, which have given good results with him. They are petroleum preparations which have been prepared largely under Dr. Smith's supervision. The Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella, L.). — The Codling Moth, which on the whole, perhaps, is the worst enemy of the fruit grower, has levied a heavy toll as usual in unsprayed orchards; but, wherever thorough work has been done in spraying re- gularly with the poisoned Bordeaux mixture, good results have almost inva.riably followed. In every part of eastern Canada where apples are grown, reports speak of injury by this insect and, as is pointed out by the Rev. Father Burke, possibly the com- parative scarcity of fruit this season makes the injury by the Codling Moth seem more apparent. There is now not the slightest doubt that in all parts of Canada east of Toronto spraying orchardis regularly Vith poisoned Bordeaux mixture, three or four times in spring, the first application to be made within a day or two after the blossoms fall and the subsequent sprayings, each ten days apart, is a satisfactory and well paying remedy for the Codling Moth. A striking ini5tance of th^ value of regular spraying, year after year, was this year to be seen in the orchard of the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, where not an apple injured by the Codling Moth was to be found, whereas, on the other hand, in orchards just close by, where no spraying had been done, more than half the crop of apples was destroyed, also in the Botanic Garden, which lies about half a mile on the opposite side of the orchard, in the collection of wild apples and crabs, the fruit was severely infested. These it had not been considered worth while to spray, as the trees are merely grown for ornament. The Codling Moth is normally single brooded at Ottawa and the double brooded habit of the species is not general east of Toronto. In 1905 I had an opportunity of REPORT OF TEE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 rearing a considerable number of the larvss and was much surprised to find that some of these after spinning their cocoons changed at once to pupae and gave forth the moths soon afterwards. These, however, formed only a small percentage of the whole, for by far the larger number remained in the larval state and will not pupate until next spring. The above larvae were full grown and began to spin up July 25, and I am of the opinion that not only at Ottawa, but at some other places in eastern Canada where a partial second brood was this year noticed, this premature development of the moths was due to about a fortnight of excessively and exceptionally hot weather in July as they were nearing full gTowth. West of Toronto, in addition to regular spraying, banding the trees with burlap bands to catch the larvai of the first brood when they spin up is necessary. It has long been a matter of wonder that the Codling Moth, which is so abundant in the States of Oregon and Washington, should not have established itseK as an in- jurious fruit pest in British Columbian orchards. Although carefully sought for, no instance of apples infested by this insect have been detected until the present season. An insect which causes a somewhat similar injury, the Lesser Apple Worm \_Enarmonia (Grapholitha) pninivora, Walsh] has frequently in the past been mistaken for the Codling Moth in British Columbia; but, with' the exception of a single specimen of the moth sent to me by the Eev. J. H. Keen, from Metlakatla, B.C., where no apples are grown, and which he had found in his house, I have never been able to learn of the occurrence of this insect in British Columbia until Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B.C., sent me this autumn an undoubted specimen of tho Codling Moth, which he had reared from infested apples growing in an orchard at Kaslo. It is deeply to be regretted that this insect has found a foothold in British Columbia, although this at some time waa almost inevitable, from its abundance in orchards to the south. It is well for the pro- vince that Mr. Cockle, being a trained entomologist, should have been able to detect both this insect and the San Jose Scale before they had spread further. The matter has been brought to the attention of the Provincial Government and it is their inten- tion to deal with both of these occurrences before another season oi)ens. The Woolly Aphis of the Apple (Schizoneura lanigera, Hausmann). — An insect which has been strikingly more abundant during 1905 than it has been for many years, is the Woolly Aphis of the Apple. This has been noticed all through Ontario and Quebec, and Mr. R. M. Palmer tells me that it has been more destructive in British Columbia than for many years. The injury by the Woolly Aphis is sometimes very severe in the United States, particularly by the root-inhabiting form of the species; but it has never been a very serious pest in Canada; even in British Columbia, where it is regularly much more abundant than in the East, it is less destructive than the Apple Aphis and some other well known enemies of the fruit grower. The eradication of this pest when it has established itself upon the roots of apple trees in an orchard, is a diflflcult matter. The methods which are usually adopted, are the uncovering of the roots and pouring in hot water almost at the boiling point, or the injection into the soil of bisulphide of carbon. Another method which has been highly praised, is digging in tobacco dust around the roots. This material can be purchased, it is claimed, from cigar factories at a reasonable amount, and, wlien this does not exceed one cent per pound, the tobacco is worth fully that price as a fertilizer. The form which occurs in Canada most widely, is that which may be seen during the summer and autumn gathered together in white woolly clusters on the shoots from the base of the trunks of neglected trees and iipon the branches, where they cause swellings in the bark by BiTcking the sap and at the same time poisoning the tissues. In the vicinity of Ottawa the wild hawthorns were even more seriously attacked than apple trees in orchards, although some of these latter were so infested that one correspondent spoke of them as presenting the appearance of having been whitewashed. The remedies for the form which occurs on the branches, are the same as are used for ordinary plant-lice; but, as these are protected by a waxy covering, it is well to idi EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A 1906 apply the liquid with considerable force and also to have it mixoi with hot water which gives it greater penetrating power. A kerosene emulsion may be made for this purpose, of the standard Eiley-Hubbard emulsion diluted with six, instead of nine parts of Wiater. Whale-oil soap solution should be applied hot and one pound in five gallons of water. The Apple Maggot [Bhagoletes (Trypeta) pomonella, Walsh]. — In the autumn of 1904 an outbreak of the Apple Maggot, known also in the ISTew England States as ' the railroad worm,' was detected in some of the apple orchards at Como, Que. During the past season it has been found that the insect has established itself in many other orchards surrounding the first point of injury. As there are several large and valuable orchards in this locality, much anxiety was felt by the owners of these, that the habits of the insect and the best remedial treatment should be made known to all apple growers of the district, so that by con- certed action the outbreak should be controlled before more loss accrued. With this object in view, I visited Como early in October, and examined several of the orchards under the guidance of Mr. E,. W. Shepherd, who kindly put himself at my disposal end accompanied me, and also helped me in many other ways to get into touch with the owners of several orchards. One of Mr. Shepherd's own orchards had been affected last year, and this summer he had faithfully carried out suggestions of control based on the experience of those who had suffered from the Apple Maggot in other places. All windfalls had been fed to cattle, and a herd of pigs had been kept in the orchard throughout the summer. It may be well, however, to point out, as the ex- periment will be anxiously watched by his neighbours, that some badly affected crab apple trees were in a sense overlooked, the fruit of which was thoroughly infested at the time of my visit. It would appear that the fruit of this class of apples does not fall from the trees when attacked, to the same extent as the larger apples. At that time, howevei", Mr. Shepherd at once had the fruit of these trees threshed from the boughs and destroyed. A circular letter giving the nature of the pest and advice as to the best treatment of infested orchards was at once prepared and a copy sent to every apple grower in the district. K^otwithstanding the severity of the outbreak, the ex- perience of others who have suffered loss from the Apple Maggot, would seem to give reasonable ground for hope that much may be done to reduce loss. The following letters from the State Entomologists of Maine and New Hampshire respectively, show that good results have followed the adoption of the best, so far, recognized method of prevention. The insect has been present in these States for some years. ' Agi'icultural Exi^eriment Station, Orono, Me. — Your letter concerning the Apple Maggot is received. There seems to be no marked change from year to year in the occurrence of this pest here. We have in the State numerous orchards in which the trees have not been pruned for a generation at least and in which the windfalls lie ungathered. The owners of such orchards frequently complain that the trees might as well be cut down, for the " Railroad Worm " gets all the apples. On the other hand, none of the leading orchardisis seem to feel that the case is hopeless. They recognize the Apple Maggot as a pest to guard against and believe that care in piitting the wind- falls out of the way is the only practical method of doing it. Thus, it is no uncommon situation to have well cared for orchards where infestation by B. pomonella is almost unknown, while within a few miles the owners of neglected trees say that for years they have not gathered a crop. There is one notable case of this sort in the southern part of the State, where in the midst of an infested area a very large orchard ships perfect apples every fall and no loss is caused by the maggot. ' A few successful orchardists think it pays to keep a few sweet apple trees scattered about as traps, as the flies seem always to deposit in these by preference ; and the whole situation is sometimes handled by sacrificing some sweet fruit and sub- sequently destroying this infested lot. I trust that the outbreak near ^Montreal will not prove so serious as it seems at present.' — Edith M. Patch. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 * New Hampshire College of Agriculture and tlie Mechanic Arts, Durham, l^.H. — 1 have not heard of any serious trouble from the Apple Maggot this year, although it is quite common in our summer apples. I think it is somewhat worse this year than last year; but it has not caused any very serious injury, so far as I have heard. It becomes seriously injurious periodically.' — E. D. SA^^DERSO^^ The Buffalo Tree-Hopper (Ceresa hubalus. Fab.). — A great many specimens of rough and gnarled twigs of apple trees have been sent in from time to time, "but more frequently during the last year or two, which were due to the injuries caused by small grassy-green homopterous insects that bear on the thorax two horns which are sup- posed to give it a resemblance to the buffalo. The only harm done by this little insect to orchard trees is by the egg-laying females, which cut two semi-cixcular gashes right through the bark deeply into the wood, and into each of which they insert from five to ten eggs. Each female lays between one and two hundred eggs, and consequently makes several of these gashes before she has deposited her whole supply. The eggs remain in the wood and do not hatch until the following June; each egg is about one- sixteenth of an inch long, slightly curved and yellowish white in colour. When the yaung hatch, they crawl out of the egg-shell which remains in the wood and prevents the wound from healing up for a long time. Young twigs of two or three years old are frequently selected by the females for ovipositing, and, if there are only a few of the scars, little injury is done; but it seems to be a habit of this insect to work somewhat in company, and frequently a single tree may be found with a great many egg-deposits in the wood, while others close by are untouched. The two slits almost meet each other but do not quite touch at the top and bottom, but the small piece of wood and bark between them dies and, together wdth the empty egg-shells, prevents the healing of the wound, so that, where there are many deposits on the same tree, the injury is serious and a check is sometimes given to young trees, which they do not get over. The Buffalo Tree-Hopper while young lives chiefly upon the sap of weeds and other coarse vegetation, and very little of its food is derived from the apple trees where the young larvae are first hatched. For a few days, at any rate, after they have first hatched, they may be seen on the trees running quickly round the branches and hiding whenever looked at. At this time, which, however, does not last for many days, good work may be done by spraying the infested trees with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap. It is very difficult to reach the eggs by any winter treatment, but I)rohably spraying with crude petroleum or an emulsion of that oil might be applied without injury to the trees. The remedy recommended by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, the First Assistant United States Entomologist, is the limiting of the amount of foreign vegetation about and in orchards and nurseries. He thinks that little damage may be anticipated where the ground between the trees is kept clean and constantly culti- vated. Vigorous pruning in winter, by which as many as possible of the egg clusters are removed, is also advised. The mature insects seem to be attracted by beans and some other low-growing vegetables. These then might be planted in orchards between the trees as trap plants to be afterwards sprayed with strong mixtures of kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap, when the larvae, nymphs or adults are seen to be numerous enough upon them to make it worth while. The time recommended by Mr. Marlatt is about July 1. The Western HARMi:ST-FLY {^Cicada (Platypedia) piUnami, Uhler]. — An ex- tremely cjmmon insect in most parts of British Columbia, is a species of Cicada of about the same size as the well known Cicada septendecim, L., of the United States. This latter is known under the erroneous name of Seventeen-year Locust, but, so far as I can learn, has been never or very seldom taken in Canada. The Western Cicada is enormously abundant nearly every year in Vancouver Island in June; and I have found it in like numbers in the Kootenays, particularly at Nelson, where in the begin- 186 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906 ning of July in 1896 the shrilling of the males among the aspen poplars and willows on the mountain side above the town was almost deafening. The species occurs right across the mountains, as I have specimens from Banff, and last year Mr. Dalton Tipping sent me a specimen which he had taken at Blackfalds, in Alberta. Up to the present season no injury to cultivated trees had been complained of in British Columbia, but on July 3 last, Mr. E. Hulme, of Rock Creek, in the Boundary District, B.C., sent me samples of apple branches which had been punctured by the egg-laying females. As in the case of the other species of the genus, C. putnami lays its eggs in deep slits made into the wood of various trees; but the young do not feed on the wood or foliage of the trees where the eggs pass the winter ; on emerging, they fall to the ground and burrow into the earth, where they attack the roots. Mr. Hulme stated that his young apple trees had been planted four years, and he had not previ- ously noticed any injury; but this year some of the branches had been cut in four or five places. It is hoped that this may be only an accidental injury to apple trees; but British Columbia is now becoming such an important fruit producing country and such large areas are yearly being cleared and planted to orchards, that any insect which is likely to develop into an enemy of the fruit gi'ower is worthy of attention. The Sleepy Weevil (Otiorhynchus ovatus, L.). — In my last report reference was made to the attacks of the larva3 of this weevil on the roots of strawberries. The in- sect occurs right across the continent and is frequently sent to the Division for infor- mation concerning its habits; but tliis is usually on accoimt of the frequency with which it is fovind crawling about inside houses. Complaints of injury to vegetation are seldom made; but occasionally the damage done by the larvae is considerable. Mr. E. McTaggart, of Hatzic, B.C., wrote as follows last spring : — ' May 3. — I am sending a box containing a number of small white grubs. This insect has been working for the past three or four years in our strawberries, feeding on the small white root feed- ers. They bid fair to put us out of the strawberry business, unless we can find some way to control them. This will be a serious loss ; for strawberries are our most impor- tant crop.' Specimens sent from British Columbia previously, showed iJiat the larvas of the Sleepy Weevil have also the habit of boring cavities into the caudex or short under- ground stem of old strawberry plants, in the same way as, and frequently in company with, the larger larvae of the Black Vine Weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus. Fab.). ]\Ir. McTaggart was advised to adopt the ' one-crop method '' of growing his strawberries, by which iiner berries are produced and the beetles are prevented from incr^easing. I find also that large numbers of the mature beetles may be trapped by putting shelters, such as small flower-pots with a little hay in them, inverted and raised from the ground on short pegs, about the beds. The beetles are largely nocturnal in habit and will make use of these shelters for hiding in by day. They can be easily cleared out by taking each i)ot ofE the peg and shaking the hay over a pan or pail with a little water and coal oil in it. They are remarkably sluggish insects and make no effort to crawl away by day. Father Burke sent specimens from Alberton, Prince Edward Island, which he had found eating cavities into low growing apples; many fruits trailing on the gTound were damaged. Jle had also found the beetles in the blooms of dahlias and eating the leaves of the wild buckwheat. Mrs. Thomas Sharpe, writing from the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B.C., on August 9, sent specimens of the Black Vine Weevil which had been found very plenti- fully on the raspberry bushes, and also several Sleepy Weevils which she said ' we find all over the house. Do we carry them in on our clothes from the garden or are they some destructive house insect ? We are quite alarmed at the numbers of them which we find about the floors.' It is probahle that some of these may have been carried into the house from the garden; but these insects have a well marked penchant for crawling into houses and REPORT OF THE EXTO.UOLOGIST AXD BOTAXIST 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 other places where they are decidedly objected to by housekeepers. Neither the Black Vine Weevil nor the Sleepy Weevil have wingg; so they cannot fly like most other beetles and can only move from place to place by crawling. TiTE Strawberry Weevil (Anthonomus signatus. Say). — It is some years since a bad outbreak of the Strawberry Weevil has occurred in Canada; but in June last I learnt from Mr. Sydney H. Preston, of Clarkson, Ont., which is a few miles west of Toronto and an important strawberry producing district, that a great deal of damage was being done in the extensive strawberry plantations of that locality. Mr. Preston writes :— * Clarkson, June 9. — I inclose some strawberry blossoms cut by the insects which are sent with them in the box. They are doing a great deal of damage in this locality.' * June 17. — I grow only a few strawberries for my own use and have not seen the weevils on my own place, though I find many buds and blossoms 'and small berries cut through the stem, as in the inclosed s'ample; but my neighbours are all large growers and the complaint of damage is general. The cutting of the fruit stems is also attri- buted to this insect, but possibly that may be a mistake. Last season was the first in this locality that the injury was noticeable, and many growers then feared that theilr crops would be ruined. However, there seemed to be an abundance of fruit in spite of this.' The habits of the Strawberry Weevil are interesting. It passes the winter in the mature beetle form, and, just before the flowers of the strawberry unfold, the insects fly to the strawberry beds and may be found in large numbers upon the flowering stems. When the female lays her eggs, she punctures a closed bud, for which purpose she generally chooses the earliest and largest. This is done with her sharp and slender beak, and the hole penetrates to the centre of the bud. She then dei>osits a single egg, pushing it down into the hole. Having done this, she crawls to the stem of the flower and gnaws it nearly through, so that the bud hangs down and eventually drops to the ground. Inside the cut oft' bud the young gTub hatches and passes through all of its stages, the dead flower remaining closed around it as a protection. When the grub is full-grown, it forms a brittle cocoon of tlie debris, and in about a month from the time the egg is laid, the perfect beetle eats its way out. The new generation of beetles may frequently be found at Ottawa in the latter half of July and early in August. There is only one brood of this beetle, as far as known, and, as all the beetles disappear suddenly in the beginning of August, it is supposed that they go into hiber- nation at that time, hiding away beneath moss or among bushes and perhaps in woods, where they remain in a lethargic condition until the following spring. The varieties of strawberries chosen by the females for egg-laying are always those which produce pollen in considerable quantities, and it is chiefly upon the pollen that the larvae feed. Varieties of strawberries with entirely pistillate flowers are not attacked ; consequently, when the Srawberry Weevil is abundant, growers will do well to plant pistillate varie- ties as much as possible, and only enough plants of varieties which produce perfect flowers (which have both stamens and pistils) as will ensure the proper fertilization of the fruit. The number will to a large measure depend upon the variety grow.n and the number of flowers produced. Among the standard varieties of strawberries most highly recommended by Mr. W. T. Macoun, the Horticulturist of the Central Experi- mental Farm, the following may be mentioned as having proved the most satisfactory for general purposes, after being tested for several years : — Pistillate. Perfect. Sample. Glen Mary. Buster. Beder Wood. Bisel. Enhance. Greenville. William's. Marie. Lovett. Warfield. Pocomoke. 188 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 A reference to the good qualities of each of these varieties is made in the Report of the Horticulturist for 1904 at page 121. Many experiments have been made to discover a practical remedy for this trouble- some insect, which at different times has done a great deal of harm in Canada. Many J ears ago I suggested covering the plants just at the time the beetles appear, vpith gauze, cheese cloth, or even paper; but these methods all have the very great disad- vantage of excluding the swarms of flies, bees and other insects which frequent the flowers and aid in the fertilization. Trapping the mature beetles when they fly to the pknts, it is claimed, has produced good results. For this purpose the pollen-bearing plants should be planted in rows so that they may be sprayed when found to be cov- ered with the beetles, either with a whale-oil soap solution or a kerosene emulsion. As has been pointed out by Mr. F. H. Chittenden, in an excellent bulletin on this sub- ject (U. S. Div. of Ent. Circular 21, 2nd series, 1897), ' for the complete success of this method, it is essential that tho non-fertilizing plants (the main crop) should bo perfectly pistillate and bear no pollen at all.' The Currant Maggot (Epochra canadensis, Loew.). — Injury to currants both black and red by the larvae of the Currant Fly are somewhat frequent in the West, and, unfortunately, up to the present time no very satisfactory remedy has been de- vised. The only treatment which has given any results, is the laborious one of re- moving about three inches of the soil from beneath bushes which had been infested, replacing this with fresh soil, and then treating the infested soil containing the pu- paria, in such a way that when the flies mature they cannort emerge. The following letters were received during the past summer:— ' Rock Creek, B.C., June 27.— I send to-day samples of gooseberries and currants which are affected with white maggots. I should like very much to know what we can do to avoid this pest. Last year we tried spraying with quassia chips and whale-oil soap solution, from the time the blossoms opened out; but it did no good whatever. The fly seems to lay her eggs when the berry is almost full grown. We have over too bushes and all are a complete loss. We have tried putting unslaked lime under the bushes, and we keep them well trimmed up ; in fact, some of our currant trees are two and a-half feet high, but all are affected in the same way.'— Mrs. Bart Ingiiram. ^ Indian Head, IST.W.T., July 3. — I send you a few currants to show you how badly affected they are. At least half the crop was stung early in the season and fell off. Those that remain on the bushes, are in the condition of these I send you. In a recent trip through Kinlstino, Melfort and the other districts around Prince Albert, through which we travelled together five years ago, I noticed that the currants were all affected in the same way. It would be of advantage, I think, if you could advise farmers what to do to save their fruit.' — Angus Mackay. 'McLean, Assa., July 3. — I am sending a few currants which are infested with some insect. They are beginning to fall off now. This is the third year they have been infested ; but I can't find out what kind of insect it is, although I often hunt for it.' — W. J. Fanning. The maggots are very hard to recognize when at work in the currants, and many correspondents, like Mr. Fanning, have had difficulty in detecting them. They were however, present in the specimens which he forwarded. In addition to the measure sufytrested above, of removing the earth from beneath infested bushes, it is claimed that much good has been done by allowing poultry to run in a plantation where the Currant Maggot is known to be infesting fruit. The birds scratch beneath the bushes and destroy large numhers of the puparia. It is probable that the eggs are laid by the female flies when the currants are quite small, as freshly emerged flies were sent to me from Vancouver Island under the date May 20. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FOREST AND SHADE TREES. !N"o extensive injury to forest or shade trees by insects lias come under my notice during 1905, but there have been local outbreaks of some importance. In Alberta the Forest Tent Caterpillar has again stripped aspen poplars, and mention has been made of its work on maples and in orchards in Nova Scotia. There are also indications that Tent Caterpillars are again on the increase in Ontario and Quebec. The Larch Sawfly (Neniatus erichsonii, Hartig), which appeared in a few places last year upon the native tamaracks, and imported European larches, was this year much more abundant, and for some hundreds of miles along the Canadian Pacific Railway between Ottawa and Lake Superior had stripped the young tamaracks growing in the swamps along the railway. Occasional mention was also made by correspondents of the work of this insect in the Maritime Provinces. An insect which has not previously been recorded as doing harm in Canada, the Larch Case-bearer, has this year been found in considerable numbers at Ottawa on the European larch. The IsTegundo Plant-louse which has occasionally been so numerous upon the cultivated and wild Ash-leaved Maples in Manitoba and the North-west Territories, was again extremely abundant in some places this year. The Cottony Maple Scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rath von), which for several years has been abimdant on the shade trees in some of the cities of western Ontario, was during 1905 even more so than in previous years. The outbreaks of the White- marked Tussock-moth, which in previous reports have been referred to in some On- tario cities, and in Montreal, have attracted much public attention, and at last efforts are being put forth by the municipal authorities in various cities to control these destroyers of the public shade trees. In Vancouver Island, the oak-looper Therina somniaria, Hulst, which was complained of as being abundant last year, during 1905 swarmed in countless numbers over the oak trees in the vicinity of Victoria, B.C., and stripped them of their leaves. The Spruce Gall-louse was exceptionally abundant in 1905, and requests for information as to its life habits and the possibility of its becoming a destructive enemy of Canadian spruces, came in from many correspondents in all parts of the country. The ornamental cedars on the Central Experimental Farm were very much disfigured by the mining larvae of a very small moth belonging to the genus Argyresthia. The moths appeared at the end of June and were found flying in clouds around all varieties of the American Arbor-vitse, or so-called White Cedar. The full life history and the exact identity of the species are not yet worked out; but young larvas were found in the twigs early in spring, the moths emerged in the latter half of June, and the young larvae are at present in enormous numbers passing the winter inside the small twigs. As yet, no parasites have been bred. What was apparently thi"^ same species, was sent to me in 1899 by Mr. Thos. Ware, from Plattsville, Ont., Writing of this occurrence, Mr. Ware says : ' The insects did my cedars considerable damage in 1S99 ; and not only mine, but whole cedar swamps lost their green and looked quite brown. The trees have since been slightly affected each year, but not to any great extent. I saw a few of the insects this summer but the hedge has not suffered.' The injury to ornamental shrubs, and there are many varieties of the white cedar grown as such, has certainly been serious this year at Ottawa. So far, no remedies have been tried. The Fir Sawfly, Lophyrus abietis, Harr., appeared upon cultivated White Spruces in two or three places in Manitoba. Mr. T. C. Court sent specimens from Petrel, Manitoba, and their work was noticed upon cultivated spruces around the gov- ernment offices in Winnipeg as well as in the sand hills south of Douglas, Man. This insect occurs in troublesome numbers from time to time in Manitoba, but is easily controlled by poisonous sprays if promptly applied as soon as the larvae are noticed. A very similar larva, but probably of another species of sawfly, was sent to me by lAr. n. H. Miller, M.P., from Hanover, Ont., where it had been found in destructive numbers upon a cedar (arbor-vitse) hedge which was much valued by its owner. 190 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The Spruce Gall-louse (Chermes abietis, L.). — An insect which is spreading widely through the Dominion and which of late years has heen the cause of much anxiety among the growers of ornamental spruces and even of lumbermen, is the Spruce Gall-louse. This is the insect which causes the elongated green cone-like galls on the twigs of the native Black and Wliite Spruces and of the imported Norway Spruce. These galls have been more than usually abundant during the summer of 1905, par- ticularly upon young transplanted trees. Specimens have been sent in from many places. Although undoubtedly the Spruce Gall-louse does injure trees to a serious extent when present in large numbers and also gives them a very unhealthy and unsightly appearance, still I do not know of any actual instances where it has killed trees out- right. About the end of July the galls begin to dry up, and the cavities at the base of tlic leaves open slightly and allow the young gall-lice, of which there are several in each cavity, to escape. These then crawl out and rest upon the leaves, and after a short time they moult and appear with wings. This is the time when the insect spreads from tree to tree; for these mature females fly to fresh trees or to fresh branches on the same tree and begin to lay small, pale yellow eggs, which are in clusters of from 20 to 50 together. From these eggs young plant-lice hatch, which remain on the twigs and at the base of shoot buds until the following spring. Many of these young lice, how- ever, die before spring, and those which do survive the winter, may be found at the bases of the buds in May, enveloped in a coat of white waxy threads. These young plant-lice are very small when winter sets in; but in spring they grow rapidly, and, after moulting the old winter coat, they secrete another of much finer texture and much more conspicuous, of long woolly threads. When full grown these insects, which are all females, lay clusters of upwards of 300 eggs at the bases of the young shoots just about the time the spruces are beginning their new spring growth. The eggs are light yellow in colour, extremely small, about one-sixtieth of an inch in length, and each one is attached by a slender thread-like stem about twice the length of the egg. In about a week the very minute nymphs crawl out from beneath the woolly mass consisting of the dead body of their mother, and crawl on to the young shoots, where they take up their position at the bases of the leaves which have already begun to swell and form galls before their arrival, owing to the presence of their mothers during the winter. The green cone-like gall grows rapidly during June ; the base of each leaf swelling and expanding so as to form a cavity which gradually develops and covers in some of the young insects. In time this cavity is closed all but a narrow semi-circular slit at the top. It is claimed by Prof. R. A, Cooley, who did very careful work on this insect while at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, that, in general, all of the nymplis which enter one gall, arise from the egg cluster laid by one female. As the gall grows in size, these caviiies are enlarged, this leaves room for the increased growth of the insects which it contains. As stated above, these insects do net become full grown and emerge from the galls until the end of July or during August. The remedies for the Spruce Gall-louse, un- fortunately, cannot be applied when the insects occur on very large trees and in for- ests ; but, upon hedges and in ornamental grounds good work has been done by spray- ing the trees at the time the young plant-lice are exposed on the trees, viz., in May, and after they emerge from the galls in August. Good results were secured by spray- ing with a tobacco and soap wash made by soaking ten pounds of tobacco leaves in 3 or 4 gallons of hot water for six hours, the liquid strained off and two pounds of whale- oil soap added. When the soap is all dissolved, the mixture can be diluted to 40 gal- lons. Two or three applications should be made at short intervals. The Larch Sawfly (Nentdtus ericlisonii, Hartig). — About 20 years ago the Larch Sawfly was imported into America, probably with trees sent to the Harvard Arboretum and Botanic Garden at Cambridge, Massachusetts. From that point it seems to have REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 spread widely and very rapidly northward. In 1SS2 it reached Canada, and for three or four years after that did an enormous amount of injury by stripping the leaves from the tamaraclvs, or American larches. The attack was very severe, and, although from the injury being done comparatively early in the season, the trees were able to push forth a certain amount of foliage; after three or four years of. being stripped, the larches over millions of acres, and practically over the whole of eastern Canada, were almost wiped out. With this large destruction of its food plant the insect practically disappeared, and little has been heard of it until last year, when it again became noticeable upon ornamental European larches and in a few places was observed on the young growth of larches in swamps. During the past summer there has been a marked increase in the numbers of the larvae or false caterpillars. The injury is mentioned incidentally in correspondence from many points. Rev. Father Burke writes from Prince Edward Island : — ' I am soi-ry to say the Larch worm is again appearing on the new growth, and I fear we may have it much more abundantly next year.' In the Nova Scotia Crop Keport for November, 1905, a correspondent writing from Richmond county says : — ' Insects have again been destroying juniper trees.' This is a reference to the Larch Sawfly. The American larch, known also extensively in this country un- der its Indian name of the tamarack, is called in the Maritime Provinces by the inac- curate name of ' juniper,' a name which is also curiously, and with equal inaccuracy, given in the upper Ottawa country to the Banksian or Jack Pine. In New Brunswick I saw evidences of the work of the Larch Sawfly at several places along the Interco- lonial Railway and in Ontario for hundreds of miles along the Canadian Pacific Rail- way between Ottawa and Lake Superior. The larches at Nepigon, Ont., north of the lake, showed no injury, and I am under the impression that so far this new outbreak of the Larch Sawfly has not as yet reached west of Lake Superior. The tamarack swamps west of Nepigon were scanned carefully in passing along the railway, and a large swamp was examined more critically near Douglas, Manitoba, but no trace of the larva3 was seen. Specimens of the larvcs were sent from Burlington, Ont., by Mr. R. C. Cummins at the end of June. A feature of the last outbreak of 18S2 to 1533 was the rapidity with which the attack spread and the suddenness with which it disappeared. Occasional specimens of the sawfly or of the colonies of larvae have been seen from time to time since 1885 ; but there has been no noticeable destruction until the present year. The territory over which this insect is known to have spread in the old outbrealcp is all through Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime Provinces, right up to Labrador (teste Dr. Robert Bell and Mr. A. P. Low). We have no information relating to the vast tamarack swamps north of Saskatchewan and Alberta ; but there is little doubt that this enemy spread through all districts where the American larch grew naturally, and that the depredations of this one insect resulted in an enormous loss to the Dominion in one of its valuable assets. Unfortunately, no remedy can be applied over the vast areas of forest where the insect is likely to occur, should it increase again ; but upon ornamental grounds small groups of trees can be easily protected by the ordinary spraying methods. The best poison probably for this insect would be a spray of Arsenate of lead 1 lb. in 40 gallons of water. The Larch Case-bearer (ColeopJiora laricella, Hbn.). — In the month of May last the young leaves of the European and other larch trees on the lawns and in the Botanic Garden of the Central Experimental Farm, were seen to present a bleached white ap- pearance; and, upon examination, it was found that the upper ends of the leaves had been hollowed out and were shrivelled. It was then found that this work had been done by large nimibers of the small European Elachistid moth Coleophora laricella, Hbn. Although this insect has been recorded as injurious to larches in America on a few previous occasions, this, I believe, is the first occurrence of the Larch Case-bearer in Canada. Dr. Howard has kindly referred me to the American literature of the subject and tells me that he himself saw the larvas very abimdant some years ago in a 192 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908 larch plantation near North Andover, Mass. In 1886 Dr. II. A. Hagen ^)ublishcd in the Canadian Entomologist, an article on its injuries to the European larch in Massachusetts. In 1892 Mr. J. G. Jack, as related in Insect Life, vol. IV., p. 105, states that the insect had been introduced into Massachusetts for a number of years, and that its ravages had sometimes been quite noticeable in the Arnold Arboretum. Mr. Jack wrote from Berlin in an article entitled ' Notes of a Summer Journey in Europe,' which appeared in Garden and Forest for February 24, 1892, p. 87, and says of this insect that ' the European larch is sometimes seriously injured and is often killed by the larvae of this moth, which eat out all the interior of the leaves, leaving only the dry, hard, shrivelled epidermis.' He also points out that the Japanese larch, both in Germany and at the Arnold Arboretum, is not attacked by the insect. The numbers of the larvaB upon the trees at Ottawa in May last were not large enough to have any serious effects upon either the growth or appearance of the trees; but I regret to find this autumn that the small cases of the larvse are enormously more abundant than they were last spring. The winter cases are very slender and vary from 2| to 4 millimetres in length by about half a millimetre in diameter. They are open at the end and are almost cylindrical in shape, like a cut off leaf. For that reason they axe easily overlooked. There were among these larval cases a very small percentage which were curved after the manner of the winter cases of the Cigar Case-bearer of the Apple ; but it is possible that these may have been the cases of another species. The cases of the full-grown larvae of the Larch Case-bearer are after the same pattern as the winter cases, but are thicker and resemble more nearly those of the Cigar Case-bearer by being tapered slightly to each end. They are very little longer than the winter cases but have a much larger diameter, being over one millimetre at the widest part; and the end is somewhat pinched in. The colour is pale drab. The caterpillars have a curious habit, when full grown, of fastening themselves in the centre of a fascicle of leaves, where they are very difficult to detect. There is only one brood in the year, the moths of which appear in 0 une. They are very small, not expanding more than one third of an inch when the wings are opened, of an ashy satiny gray colour, with long, slender antennte. After pairing, the females lay their tiny yellow eggs on the needles of the larch. These soon hatch, and the larvae eat their way into the slender needles of the empty skins of which, subsequently, they make the slender cases in which they pass the winter, attached to the twigs of the trees. As soon as the buds begin to swell in spring, these minute caterpillars revive and feed upon the young leaves. When a caterpillar attacks a leaf, it eats a hole in the side, and, as it consumes the interior portion, it protrudes its body from the case until it can reach no further without leaving the case. In spring tho young caterpillar grows rapidly, and its winter case soon becomes too small for it; so, it is split down the side, and the empty skin of another leaf is inserted. This opera- tion is repeated from time to time when necessary, until full growth is reached. Some cases from successive additions have a ridged or striated appearance. Pupation takes place inside the case, and the moths emerge from the upper end. Up to the present time nothing in the shape of a practical remedy is recorded. Through the kindness of Mr. A. Scheck, of the German Consulate, in Montreal, I have received the following interesting account of the habits of this insect, in Ger- many, from Mr. Rudolph Japing, Forest Assessor, Muenden, Hanover, Germany: ' The moths of Coleophora laricella, Hbn., fly during the day time in May and June. The females lay yellow eggs on the needles, which in 6-S days turn to a grayish colour. LTpon hatching the young cateri^illar eats its way into a needle, consumes the interior, and from the empty skin makes a small bag in which it lives until September. During winter the caterpillar remains in this bag, generally on the top of the branches, more seldom in crevices of the bark. In spring it is again found mining in the new needles, and soon has to enlarge its bag, which it dors by joining to it a part of a newly hollowed out needle. In this bag the insect changes to a chrysalis in April and May, the moth emerging at tlie end of May. The Spine I) Rustic (Barathra occidcntata, GrtJ Moths (the lower, typical), and caterpillars, young, half grown and full grown. Clover Dodder on Alfalfa. (Firjure kiiully lent hii "Farmers' Advocate," London, Ont.) REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTAXIST 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 * The injury to the trees from these insects can be very great, especially in spring. The growth stops and the trees become feeble and are thus susceptible to canker, which often follows the damage done by the insect. The Larch Case-bearer is mostly found on trees from 10 to 40 years old. ' In nature the insects are devoured by many birds, and in autumn they are often destroyed by protracted rains and by early frosts. ' Trees badly infested by these insects should be cut down from the middle of June till the end of August. This causes the leaves to dry up and the caterpillars die of starvation. It would be better to burn the needles, but this is possible only in nurseries. In the extensive forests of Canada it would be difficult to do anything effective to destroy the insects.' The White-marked Tussock-moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma, S. & A.). — Of recent years the shade trees in several of our Canadian cities have been very much disfigured by the caterpillars of this well known native insect. Energetic measures have been taken by the local newspapers and the civic authorities, particularly in Toronto and Montreal, to reduce this quite unnecessary injury to the fine shade trees in these beautiful cities. Public meetings have been called, and the advice of specialists has been taken. There is nothing of any importance which is still unlinown of the habits of this insect, and all that is now necessary is the prosecution of a vigorous campaign at once, so as to control as soon as possible, if not actually to wipe out, this unwelcome guest which has done so much harm. The subject was treated of at some length at a public lecture which I had the honour of delivering before Toronto Uni- versity in February last, and again before the Toronto Horticultural Society in June. The discussions were reported at length with further comments by the Toronto Glohe and other newspapers. A similar action was taken in the city of Montreal where a conference was summoned by the Montreal Natural History Society, and a thorough discussion of the subject took place. The Montreal Star, La Presse, and other news- papers, published several articles in their daily editions, and at request I prepared a full axtir"'-^ for the ^Yeel:ly Star and Family Herald. The course of action recom- mended by me at all of the above meetings was to destroy the caterpillars by spraying the trees while the caterpillars were young, with arsenites or other active poisons, and the collection of the conspicuous egg masses during winter. Prof. D. P. Penhallow, of McGill University, has taken an active and useful part in distributing information en the subject, and in drawing the attention of the public of Montreal to this important matter, and his efforts have been ably supplemented by Mr. H. H. Lyman, who has materially assisted with expert advice as to the correct natural history of the insect. It is to be hoped now that public attention has been drawn to this matter, vigorous measures will be adopted, and that private citizens will second the efforts of the muni- cipal authorities by attending to their own trees and gardens, which cannot be well reached by officials. In this way this insect may be very much controlled. Its pos- sibilities for injury are only too well known by what it has done in New York, Kochester, Cleveland and other cities in the United States. The Vaxcouver Island Oak-looper {Therina somniaria, Hulst). — The beautiful oak trees which form such an attractive feature of Victoria, Vancouver Island, have again this year suffered severely from the attaclcs of the caterpillars' of this geometrid moth. It was hoi>ed from the large numbers of parasites which were reared from the pupae last autumn, that the injury during 1905 would have been less than in the pre- ceding season. These hopes, however, were doomed to disappointment, for the caterpil- lars occurred last spring in countless myriads and stripped every vestige of foliage from most of the oaks around the city and for several miles out into the country. Mr. J. R. Anderson wrote under date June 23 : — ' TJierina somniaria is already at its deadly work worse than ever. The oaks in some places are already stripped of their leaves, and other plants are b^ng attacked 16—13 194 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 by the famislied larvse, whicli are as yet only half grown. What is to be done, I do not know, unless the parasites increase. Treatment of the trees with poisons over miles of country is of course out of the question.' There is some doubt among entomologists as to the exact status of T. somniaria as a species. It has usually been considered that it is a form of Therina fervidaria, Hbn., but the difference in the food plant, fervidaria having been found in nature, here at Ottawa and in other places, feeding on conifers, seemed to indicate, more per- haps than the slight differences in markings on the mature insects, that the western form would probably prove to be a different species. Having received eggs from Mr. Anderson early in the spring, as soon as the young larvse hatched, they were placed upon fresh twigs of the hemlock spruce (Tsuga Canadensis), and, although it cannot be said that at any time they fed upon the hemlock with avidity, nevertheless some specimens were carried through upon this food plant alone and gave moths at the usual time. Moreover, on Vancouver Island, when travelling with the Rev. G. W. Taylor, in September last, a few miles out of Victoria, we observed one instance where the larvae, after having stripped the oak trees, had spread for a short distance into a grove of Western Hemlock Spruce and Douglas Fir, the leaves of which to some extent had been eaten by them. Mr. Taylor, who is a specialist upon the Geometridie considers it more probable that Therina (Ellopia) somniaria of Hulst is a variety of Therina fiscellaria of Guenee, which is a segTegate from the old composite species Therina fer- vidaria of Hubner, than that it is identical with the type species T. fervidaria, Hbn. He says : — ' It may be said that T. fiscellaria and T. somniaria feed as larvse on de- ciduous trees, while true T. fervidaria feeds on conifers.' It would appear from experiments which I have carried on at Ottawa, that this generalization is accurate. and, although eggs of somniaria from Vancouver Island gave larvre which under com- pulsion fed on hemlock spruce, a conifer, others from the same batch of eggs ate oak, their natural food plant, much more readily. T. fervidaria at Ottawa feeds naturally on hemlock spruce. From pupffi received from Mr. J. R. Anderson, which had been collected at Vic- toria, several specimens of Pimpla scriptifrons, Cress., were reared, thus adding one moi-G species to the many parasites which are already known to prey upon this insect. 1 saw the mature moths and the parasites emerging in enormous numbers in Victoria on September 18 last. Trees, fences, and sides of houses were swarming with the pretty soft brown, large-winged moths. THE APIAHY. The Apiary, as in the past, has been under the management of Mr. John Fixter, the farm foreman, whose report I append herewith. The same experiments which have been carried on for some years have most of them been repeated on account of the large amount of interest which has been evinced in the subject by correspondents and visitors to the Central Experimental Farm. The services of Mr. Fixter have been asked for at a great many meetings of bee-keepers, and, whenever his duties at the Central Experimental Farm would permit of it, he has attended these metings and given addresses. REPORT OF MR. JOHN FIXTER. Season of 1905. The season of 1903 has been a fairly good one; especially in western Ontario the honey crop has been excellent, both as to quality and quantity; parts of Quebec report medium' crops, while other sections report heavy crops. Correspondents from New Brunswick, jSTova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, the North-west Territories REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD DOTAXIST 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 also British Columbia, report medium to heavy crops and that bee-keeping is on the increase in each of those provinces. The season oi)ened very late in the Ottawa valley, there being so much cold wind at the end of March and up to April 11. It was necessary to keep the bees in their winter quarters until this latter date when the colonies were placed on their summer stands after being confined in their winter quarters for 139 days. The temperature, 52 de- grees, and the weather bright and mild on April 11 were most favourable for the cleansing flight of the bees. Then followed many days of cool and windy weather, which kept the bees confined to their hives ; this continued the greater part of Aprils the average temperature for April being 41 -14. May set in warmer, the bees gathered pollen freely, and built up fairly well. During the long cold spedl in April it was found necessary to feed the bees to keep up brood rearing and to prerent spring dwind- ling. The number of colonies on November 23, 1904, was 50, all of which came safely through the winter. Of these two were sent to the Experimental Farm at Nappan, JST.S. Eight colonies being rather weak were doubled with others, leaving 40 strong colonies to begin the season of 1905. These were again increased by swarming to 50 colonies, when the hives were put into their winter quarters on ISTovember 7, 1905. They all weighed then over 50 pounds each. The honey crop at the Exp3rim.9nta«l Farim Apiary has been a fairly good one, the average yield being 73 pounds per colony, spring count. EXPERIMENTS OX HOW TO PREVEXT SWARMIXG. I. — H. G. Sihhald's Plan. — Eor this test six colonies of bees in eight-framed Langstroth hives were selected weighing on an average 48 J pounds each. All were examined from timfe to time for swarming. On June 10 there was no si'gn of swarming. At that date each colony had abundance of brood and a considerable amount of new honey. On June 15 they were again examined. Three colonifei were found preparing to swarm. Those three colonies were set off their old stands on other stands a little to one side, New hives were placed on the old stands thus left vacant. Each one of these contained two empty combs and five empty frames with two inch starters of foundations. JMext, one frame of brood with queen-cells on it, was taken from each one of the old colonies that had been set to one side, making sure that we did not get the queen, and placed with the adhering bees in the hiva between the two empty combs. The extracting super that had previously been re- moved from the old colony, was placed on the new hives with all the bees it contained. On June 19 a second examination was made. One more colony was preparing to swarm; this one was treated the same as the former three. The old colonies that had been manipulated, were examined, and all queen-cells were found to be destroyed. The old colonies were then placed on their original stands, removing the one frame of brood from the new hive, destroying all queen-cells on it and placing it in the old colony. Any bees that remained on the starters were transferred to the old colony. The extracting super that was taken off the new hive was again placed on the old colony along with the bees it confained, making one very strong colony. The four'-h colony that was found preparing to swarm, was treated after four days in the same manner as the three former colonies. The other two colonies did not swarm during the season. At the close of the season we had six very strong colonies, with plenty of stores for winter and 468 pounds of extracted honey. n. — Forced or Shahen Swarms. — For this test six colonies of bees in 8-framed Langstroth hives were selected, weighing 49| pounds each. Examined on June 10 they showed no sign of swarming; there was abundance of brood and considerable new honey. June 15 a second examination was made; four colonies were preparin''- to swarm. The two remaining colonies did not swarm during the season. IG— 13^ 196 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Six other hives are previously prepared for swarms, each containing, in the order named from left to right: four dumraies, one starter, one worker comb and two starters. One of these hives is brought and set on a stand directly behind one of the hives to be treated. The operator removes the first two dummies (Nos. 1 and 2) from the left or nearer side of the newi hive, and puts them on one side. He then lifts from the brood chamber of the old hive the comb nearest to him, shakes it almost free of bees, and places it in the new hive next the left wall. The next comb in the old hive has a double space for shaking off. After being shaken it is placed beside the first, and the return motion of the hand carries the dummy (No. 3) from the new hive to the old one. Comb No. 3 is shaken, carried to the new hive, and dummy No. 4 is brought back. The fourth comb changes place with the first starter, and so on. When the eighth comb has been shaken in its own hive and transferred to the new, the brood chamber of the old hive is filled up with the remaining two dummies, Nos. 1 and 2. We then put supers on again, close the hive and the bees have been swarmed. On the seventh day after shaking, the four old colonies were removed to another location. Most of the bees that were flying went with the shaken swarm, leaving the old colony so weak that it did not have any inclination to swarm, and only made suffi- cient honey to carry it over winter. At the close of the season we had from this test 10 colonies and 432 pounds of extracted honey. EXPERIMENTS IN IMPROVING STOCKS OF BEES. Every farmer knows that there are great differences in his cows, hens, &c., but there is too often an idea that all bees are alike, and that bee-keeping is all a matter of luck. If you observe closely, you will find that one colony of bees may give you good returns, while another just beside it, does nothing in the surplus chamber. Bees are by no means all alike. They differ in disposition, temper, industry, and in other ways. It is worth while for you to have the best. Fortunately the change from poor to good stock may be made more rapidly than with 'other stock, and at less expense. By paying out a dollar or two for a queen, you may change a colony of poorest black bees to Italians. All you need to do is to send off your order to a reliable queen- breeder, such as advertise in our bee journals -and agricultural papers, and the queen will come by mail, with directions for introducing it, w'hich are easily followed. As a worker bee only lives about six weeks in the honey season, and, as the new queen will be laying from one to three thousand eggs in a day, you will see that, if you get an Italian queen into a colony, it will not be a great while until all the bees in the hive are Italian. Even if you do not change from one kind of bees to another, it is gen- erally a matter of advantage to introduce fresh blood occasionally. In any case, whether you get fresh stock from outside or not, whether your bees are Italians or hybrids, there is always something to be done in the way of improving your stock, so long as any one of your colonies is better than the others. How are you to know which are your best colonies? By keeping track of their performance, and putting it down in black and white. You can keep account of the amount of surplus honey you take from each colony, and set it down at the time. The next year you can select the best colony for your queen-breeder, and a certain number of the next best colonies for drone rearing. One thing, however, must be taken into consideration, and that is, whether there has been no change of queens in any of these colonies. The colony that gave you the largest amount of surplus last year, may have got a new queen last fall or this spring; the young queen may also have met a drone of poor stock, and from this you do not wish to breed. You can, therefore, count only on those colonies that have made a good record and still have the same queen with which they began the season last year. You must also take into account any special advantages or disadvantages. For instance, if from colony No. 1 you took two frames of brood in the spring to give to No. 2, and you then found that No. 2 stored just a REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 little more surijlus than No. 1, it would not be fair to rate l\o. 2 as better than No. 1. The matter of swarming also comes in. A colony that has cast no swarm throughout the season, will be expected to store more surplus than either the swarm or the mother colony, generally it will store more than both together. Nearly alw^ays, however, it v\all be found that the bees that do the most work, are the least given to swarming; so, the swarming of a colony counts against it in making out its character. In the ordinary course of management, where bees are left to their own way, and all the increase is through natural swarming, there will, of course, be the most in- crease from the colonies most given to swarming, which means that the general char- acter of the Apiary will run toward swarming rather than storing. We want, how- ever, to have the tendency not to swarm. There is a way in which a good deal can be done in the way of improvement, even by those most skilled in the management of bees. Having decided which one, or two, or three, are the best colonies you have, watch for the first one that swarms. Suppose Nos. 1, 2 and 3 are your best, that No. 4 is the next strongest, and the rest follow in the order of their strength, 5, 6, &c. Suppose No. 2 swarms; hive the swarm and put it on the stand of No. 2. At the same time, put the old No. 2 in place of No. 4, and put No. 4 in a new place. All the field bees that were in No. 2 will join the swarm, making it good for work. The old No. 2 (now No. 4) will thus be deprived of its field bees, but on the other hand it will get all the field bees that belonged to old No. 4. In about eight days No. 2 will have a young queen matured, and will send out a swarm. You will now proceed much as you did before. Hive the swarrn and put it in the place of No. 2, and put No. 2 in place of No. 5, putting No. 5 in a new place. The field bees of old No. 5 will strengthen No. 2, now on No. 5 stand, and in a day or two it will send out another swarm. Proceed as before, putting No. 2 in place of No. 6, and so on as long as swarms issue. In this way you have, perhaps, no swarm? from old Nos. 4, 5, &c., but in their place you have swarms from No. 2, all of them having queens of your best stock. When No. 1 swarms, "or No. 3, you can treat them the same way. There is, of course, the possibility that No. 1 or 2 may not be among the first to bwarm. Take frames of sealed brood from colonies that you do not want to swarm, and give them to one of your best colonies, while delaying the swarming of ttose from which the brood was taken. Of course, when you take these frames of sealed brood, you will merely exchange them for frames that have little or no sealed brood in them. QUEEX REARING. Rearing queens has become a regular trade, and some bee-keepers make a busi- ness of shipping queens by mail to those who wish to purchase. Although it may not be desirable for the farmer with only a few colonies to go into the subject fully, he should know enough about it to rear the queens at times, for his own accommoda- tion. When a colony prepares for swarming, a number of queen-cells are started, six, eight, ten, possibly many more. As soon as the first one 'of these is sealed, the colony is likely to throw oS a prime swarm. Six or seven days after this swarm has issued, the mother colony may divide up into two or more parts, each part being called a nucleus, the word ' nucleus ' merely meaning a very small colony. You will generally have enough queen-cells in each nucleus without any attention on your part, but not always. Sometimes you will find a large number of queen cells on one comb, and some combs without any. So, it might happen that if you give the matter no atten- tion you might have a nucleus without any queen cell. Another thing must be considered. A large proportion of the queen cells arc built on the lower or outer edges of the combs. If these were left in the old colony without dividing, they might be all right; but when these combs are used as nuclei. igg EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ':t is harder for tlie smaller number of bees to keep them -warm, and when a cool night conies, the bees will shrink away from the edges of the combs, and the queen cells will be chilled. Hence, you must ,see that each nucleus has at least two or three good queen cells where they will be sure to be inside of the cluster of bees in the coolest nights. So you will cut away cells from the edges of the combs and froni combs that have them to spare, and fasten them where required. To cut out the cells, you may use a pocket knife with a very sharp, thin blade that is more than an inch long. You need not cut away more than enough to get all the cell; but be very careful not to cut into the cell; also not to let one of the cells fall, for while the young and tender queen is in the cell, a fall may cause a defective wing or leg. To fasten a queen-cell where you want it, use a very slender wire nail an inch fnd a half long. Push the nail through the base of the cell, but be sure it does not enter the cavity of the cell. Nail the cell right over some of the brood, for it will be more surely taken care of there than if separate from the brood. It may be noticed that the bees build queen-cells with the points hanging down- ward, but it is not important that you should have them in exactly the same position. A still better plan than a nail to fasten a cell, is a staple, the staple being an inch and a half wide with points one inch long. Lay the cell against the comb, put the staple over it so that the cell is at one side of the staple, and then sink into the comb the staple point that is farthest from the cell. Possibly you may be inclined to think that because only one queen is to be reared in a nucleus, there is no need to have more than one queen-cell. That would be a mistake. While most of the cells reared by a colony preparing to swarm may be of the very best that colony can rear, it is not safe to assume that all are equally good. Some cells may contain poor queens, and some cells may contain nothing but a dead larva. So it is wise to have a number of cells in a nucleus, at least two or three. The bees will be likely to use the best. You will be able to see a difference in the appearance of the cells, and while you are dividing the cells among the nuclei, you may as well see that each nucleus has its fair share of the best-looking cells. The best cells are generally among the largest and longest, and are deeply pitted over the surface. A stubby cell that is not pitted but has a smooth surface, is not likely to be good. When the young queen is five to eight days old, she will fly out on her wedding trip, and about three days later she will begin laying. It may be well not to look for eggs till the queen is perhaps two weeks old, for at first the eggs are few, and not easily found. If you do not find eggs when the queen is two weeks old, you are not likely to find any later — the queen has been lost on her wedding trip or there is some other trouble. It is a good plan to give a nucleus a frame of eggs or unsealed brood from a choice colony when the young queen is foixr or five days old. If some ill has befallen the queen on her wedding trip, or if she has entered the wrong hive, the bees will start queen-cells from this young brood. This young brood seems also to have a Bort of stimulating effect on the bees, and it is believed it may hurry up the young queen in her work of laying. CARE OF EMPTY COMBS. — REMEDY FOR BEE MOTH. Almost any bee-keeper will have honey-combs that are for a time unoccupied by bees; even if through no other cause, colonies may have died in winter, leaving combs empty or containing honey or pollen, Such combs are valuable property and will repay the care required to preserve them. The three principal enemies of unoccupied combs are mould, mice and moths. Combs kept in a damp, close cellar are likely to be affected by mould. This can- not be entirely prevented where bees are wintered in the cellar ; for, even if no colonies die, it may happen that some of the outer combs unoccupied by bees will be covered with mould. Fortunately, the remedy is not difficult. Put a mouldy comb next the brood-nest of a prosperous colony in the working season, and you will be surprised to REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 find how soon the bees will clean it np so that you will hardly recognize it as the same comb. Mice must be kept away from combs by shutting these up in hives or in such other place where the mice cannot enter. But be careful that you do not pen the mice in with the combs. The chief enemy of the apiarist is the "Wax ]\Ioth. If a colony dies in the spring and the hive remains unnoticed on its summer stand, it is almost certain that, before the summer is over, you will find it containing a solid mass of webs and cocoons, with perhaps not a vestige of comb left. You may have sealed up the hive moth-tight before it is warm enough for a moth to fly; the result will be the same; for the eggs of the moth by some means have been laid, during the previous fall, in the hive, notwith- standing the presence of the bees. It is, however, not an easy thing to make a hive moth-tight, for a moth will squeeze through a much smaller crack than a bee. The right thing to do with a hive full of combs upon which a colony has died, is to get the combs as soon as possible in the care of a strong colony of bees. Especially if of Italian blood, the bees will make short work of cleaning out the worms before they are large enough to do much harm. There will be little danger to the combs from the moth until the weather has be- come warm and bees have been flying for some time, say about the time of apple bloom. When a hive is noticed with unoccupied combs, clean out all dead bees, and put it under a hive occupied by a strong colony. If there shoiild be any entrance directly from outside into the upper hive, close it up, so as to oblige the bees to pass through the lower hive in going in and out. Keep the entrance very small the first few days, for fear of robbers. After the colony has had this lower hive in charge for about a week, so as to get it cleaned out and get used to the work, you can give it a second hive of combs to clean out, putting the second in the place of the first. If colonies have died in hives in the cellar, there will not be the same need of haste as to getting them in care of the bees. Indeed, it may not be a bad plan to take into the cellar hives whose bees have died on the summer stand ; for in the cellar the worms will hardly get a fair start until the next spring, when the unoccupied combs will be needed to form swarms. It is well, however, to look at them occasionally to see that they are all right, for it is not difiicult to see where the worms have run their silken galleries. The question is often asked whether it will do to hive a swarm in a hive in which a colony has died. Unless such a hive is exceedingly filthy, the bees will promptly clean it up, at the same time being saved much labour in building new combs. It is well to know that freezing destroys the worms. So a hive of combs that has teen left out all winter, is in no danger of worms until well along in warm weather, when moths have had time to mature and to lay eggs. If such combs are hung up in an airy place with a space of an inch between them, they will almost surely be safe from worms throughout the summer, and indeed worms may not trouble them all sum- mer if left in the hive in their usual position. If for any reason it is desired to kill worms in combs, sulphur is the material usually resorted to. A very little of the fumes of burning sulphur will finish the worms when they are quite small ; but, when full grown, it takes a very heavy dose ; so it is well first to pick out the larger ones by hand. For this take a sharp pointed knife and pick open the comb at one end of the silken gallery for half an inch, then commence at the other end and tear it open the whole length. This will drive the worm along till it comes out of the hole you first made. You can end its existence by what means may soem best. To fumigate a hive with sulphur, set into a pan or kettle partly full of ashes a smaller vessel of iron. In this put the sulphur and throw on it a shoveKul of live coals or a red hot iron. This must be in an empty hive or some tightly closed box or chamber so that the fumes cannot escape. Great care must be exercised so that the fire does not extend to the surrounding wood. The co:nbs placed over the burning sulphur may be prevented from catching fire by means of a 200 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908 piece of old slieet-iron placed under them. It must be further remembered that burn- ing sulphur destroys only tH^ worms, not the eggs. So, it may be necessary to treat the combs a week or two later, when any eggs laid will have hatched. Combs of honey for table use are not likely to be infested with worms; but in the case of black bees, especially if the combs are left too long in the hives, there might be some worms. The dose of sulphur for these may be lighter than for brood combs ; if the dose is too heavy, the white combs will assume a greenish colour, which, however, does not hurt them for eating. When extracting combs are extracted for the last time in the season, it is the practice of most bee-keepers to allow the bees to lick them dry. A hive full of such combs may be placed over a colony, a propolis quilt with a small opening through it, having first been placed over the brood frames, and this allowing but one or two bees to pass at one time. Thus, the bees are not so apt to break down the combs and there is less danger of robbing; but a surer way is to set the hive at some distance from the apiary and let the bees have free play at it. After being thoroughly cleaned, all hives containing combs should be removed to a dark room until late in the autumn, and then to a building where they will get the full benefit of frost during the winter. UNFINISHED SECTIONS. ' At the close of the honey harvest there will always be more or less of the sections unfinished, the number varying greatly in different years. It will happen some years when the season is poor, that none will be finished. Even in the best of years there will be a considerable portion left unfinished, varying all the way from those the bees have not started at all, up to those that are filled with honey, but have a few cells unsealed. Those that have not been worked at by the bees, having no h'oney at all in them, mtiy be put away until the next year, when they can be used. Be very careful, however, that you do not make the mistake of leaving such sections too long on the hives. When the harvest is over, they should come off at once, for the bees will only daub bee-glue upon them, and sometimes to such an extent that the sections will not be accepted by the bees the following year. Some make a practice of taking off all sections at the close of the clover and linden harvest, sio as to have none of the darlc honey in them and to avoid the bee-glue being put on them while the bees have noth- ing to do between the early and late harvests. If a fall flow comes, sections can be again put on, or, better, extracting combs. Sections that are not entirely finished, will, of course, do for the table, and if they are to be sold, they must be sold at a lower price. Any that are less than half filled with honey, should be fed to the bees. If you set out a super of such sections where the bees can get at them, they would promptly carry out the honey, but would be so eager at this work that they would tear down the tender comb so as to ruin it. Ex- tracting combs are not in the same danger unless they are new. To avoid having the sections ruined for future use, cover them up so as to leave a passage for only one bee at a time to get at them. It is better to set them 10 or 12 rods away from the iipiary. These sections, after being cleaned out by the bees will be valuable for use the next year, and one or more of them, if put in each super that is first placed on the hives, will start the bees promptly at work. If the sections were not cleaned out, the particles of lioney remaining would candy and affect the new honey put in them the next season. .V* John Eixter. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DIVISION OF BOTANY. CLOVER OE ALFALFA DODDER. From time to time inquiries are m.ade by farmers concerning curious leafless, Ihread-like, fleshy parasitic plants which they find climbing over clover and alfalfa in their fields. Tho Hiter plant is also known as kicern. The parasite injures the host plants very much. As a rule only a few patches will be found in a field; but occasion- ally, as in an instance referred to below, the dodder parasite increased to such an extent that the crop of alfalfa was practically ruined. Specimens of the parasites having been procured through the kindness of Mr. H. H. Miller, of Guelph, Ont. , upon examination they proved to be the Clover Dodder, which in this country is more gen- erally known under the name of Alfalfa Dodder. Formerly this species was known as Cuscuta trifolii, Bab., from the frequency with which it occurred upon clover {Tri- foKum) in Europe, but it seems to be now generally conceded that it is the same species as was described from plants growing parasitically upon the wild thyme, and for which reason it had been named Cuscuta epithymum. There are several kinds of dodders growing in North America; but in Canada it is a small genus consisting of only a few species. Of these there are only one or two which cause injury to crops; and by far the larger number of cases reported are by the Clover or Alfalfa Dodder; this is a European species which has doubtless been brought into this country with the seeds of alfalfa or clover. It does not confine itself to the different kinds of clover, or even to plants of that natural order, but has been found upon a great many different kinds of plants. It is an annual coming up from the seed every year, and in the past the injuries from this parasite have been so small that it would appear as if in many seasons the seed did not ripen sufficiently to allow the plant to increase and become very destructive. It must be remembered, however, that very little alfalfa, which is a long-lived perennial, has up to the present tiftie been grown in Canada, and con- sequently the only chance which the dodder had to establish itself, was upon Red Clover, which is a much shorter-lived plant and, as a rule, at any rate, is i)loughed down after the second year's crop has been taken. The seeds of dodder would hardly be ripe before the first crop of clover was cut, and its only chance for ripening seed and perpetuating itself would be in those pods which formed low enough to be left on the stubble, or such as were ripe before the second crop of clover was cut in the autumn. The fleshy pods seem to take a long time to rij)en; and among those I have examined, there were very few which seemed dry enough to withstand the September frosts without injury. This, however, is only conjecture, and doubtless in some places further west than Ottawa seed may have ripened this year as it has in previous years to some extent. That this is the case, is shown by the persistence of the plant for two or even three years in a field after it had first been observed. However, such plants may come from seed sown with the clover, of which the germination was delayed; for Mr. H. IT. Miller, in a good article upon this subject which was published in the Farmer s Advocate for Nov. 23 last, states that ' the seeds will retain their vitality in the soil for five years or longer under favourable conditions. Tests as to vitality have shown that the half-ripe seed of this species will retain sufficient vitality to germinate almost as readily as the fully ripe seed. In some cases, they germinate more quickly ; and, when the seeds have been found in their capsules, the percentage of germination was but little inferior to that of well ripened seed.' 202 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The injury done to clover and alfalfa by the dodder is by actually sucking their elaborated sap from them. When the young seed first germinates, a slender yellow thread is pushed up from the soil, which swings round slowly as it grows, and, as soon as this thread touches a living plant, it twines itself around it and throws out from the surface which touches its host, many rootlets or suckers which grow into the tissues of the host plant and draw from it its sap. The host soon becomes dwarfed and in time dies. The dodder plant, however, in the meantime has thrown out a very much branched tangle of fine stems which have spread to other plants in the neighbourhood, from which it is also drawing its nutriment. As soon as the young dodder plant has attached itself to a suitable host, its connection with the soil dries up and ceases. The flowers of the dodder are not produced until the plant has attained a considerable size, when it may form a thick mat from two to four feet across. The flowers are borne in thick conglomerate clusters along the stems and are sometimes so abundant that they almost hide the yellow or reddish stems. Although the plant belongs to the Con- volvulus family, the tiny five-lobed corolla does not very much resemble the well known shape of the flowers of the Morning Glory. The seed pod, however, and the shape of the contained seeds show the relationship. The separate seeds found in clover seed are variable in size, some being about the same size as Red Clover seed, others much smaller. They are obtusely triangular, of a pale greenish or yellowish brown colour, with the surface finely granulated. It is probable that the large seeds, nearly as large as those of clover are of a differ- ent species from those usually found, which I take to be Cuscuta epithymum. Mr. G. H. Clark, Seed Commissioner of the Department of Agriculture, tells me that 'owing to the shortage in the clover seed crop of last year some of our seed merchants im- ported a lot of clover seed which had originally come from Chili, but was procured through European merchants. This seed was badly infested with Clover Dodder and Wild Carrot. The supply of lucern seed sold in Canada usually comes from Utah, and generally contains some dodder seed. If properly cleaned, however, lucern can be made practically free from dodder seed.' Mr. Clark also writes me as follows : ' Since discussing the matter of the identity of the different-sized dodder seeds found in clover and alfalfa seed, I have gone more carefully into it and now believe that this recently introduced large dodder seed is Cuscuta racemosa, Mart., var. chiliana, Eng., of which you will note considerable re- ference made in the reports of French, German and Swiss botanists as a species of dodder found in clover seed imported from South America. We have been able to secure a specimen of seed that was grown by Dr. Stebler, of Zurich, which he classifies as racemosa, and which we believ§ to be almost identical with the dodder imported into Ontario during the past season. We have yet to learn whether this dodder will stand our Canadian winters, but it seems that C epithymum may become a nuisance in the south-western part of the province of Ontario.' The following is cited from Mr. Miller's article in the Farmer's Advocate and refers probably to the worst occurrence of the Alfalfa Dodder which has ever been noted in Canada : 'As a good example of the injury this weed may accomplish when it once becomes establisned, let me mention a case in St. Mary's, Ont., where a fifteen acre field of alfalfa w.as in two years practically destroyed by this weed. The writer had the op- portunity of visiting this field several times during the past summer, and tlupough the courtesy of the owner secured the following information: Thg field was seeded down in 1902 with alfalfa, oats being used as a nurse crop. Conditions being favour- able, it gave a beautiful stand in 1903, being cut twice and giving a total yield of about six tons per acre. The first indication of dodder was noticed June 1, 1903, when the owner found about a dozen small round yellowish patches, which he attributed to the bursting of drainage tiles. In about two weeks, however, these had spread so as to attract special attention, and, upon examination, he found masses of tendrils. In 1904 it had spread so as to produce a blight throughout the field. The alfalfa was REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No- 16 cut once and gave a yield of one ajid a half tons per acre. In 1905 six acres were cut and gave a yield of about one ton lof dodder stems and alfalfa per acre. The re- mainder of the field was not considered worth harvesting, as the dodder had taken entire, possession of the crop.' The question has been raised as to whether alfalfa badly infested "\vith dodder is fit for food for various kinds of stock. Hearing that Mr. T. Murray Bell, of Otter- burn Farm, St. Mary's, had some dodder on his alfalfa, which he had fed to sheep, I asked him to let me know the particulars, which are given in the following letter : — ' St. Mary's, Aug. 13. — I have your favour of the 8th, and as requested I send you three samples of alfalfa with and without the parasite. You ask if this crop is grown for seed here, or merely for hay. In reply, as far as I laiow, it is merely grown for hay and is cut twice in the season. Yes, we fed our parasitized clover to our breeding ewes all last winter without any evil results, two-thirds of *them having twins and an abundance of millc with little or no other feed. We intend doing the same thing this winter. The above mentioned hay was fully mixed with dodder when housed; and, when all was fed up this spring, there was no dodder to be seen any- where. I believe that, if a field infested with dodder were depastured with sheep after the hay was taken off, little or no dodder would be left afterwards, provided of course that it had not already seeded itself.' In August last I had an opportunity of discussing with Mr. Miller the occur- rences of dodder at St. Mary's, and he obtained for me some heavily infested samples of alfalfa, and also, from the same field and grown on the same soil and under similar conditions, a sample of normal alfalfa which had not been attacked by dodder. These were submitted to Mr. F. T. Shu'tt, the Chief Chemist of the Dominion Experimental Farms, who has kindly furnished me with the following report, from which it will bo seen that, as far as the chemical food constituents are concerned, the dodder-infested hay is of about equal value with the unattacked hay; but it must not be forgotten that the crop per acre is very much less, and above all, that the plants in an infested field are destroyed. This analysis is of value in showing that, when hay is found to be infested, there is no need to follow the general course and bum it, unless it is only occurring in very small patches through a crop. ALFALFA AFFECTED WITH DODDER. We received from Mr. H. H. Miller, O.A.C., Guelph, on August 16, three sam- ples of alfalfa, as follows. — No. 1 free from dodder. No. 2 slightly affected with dod- der and No. 3 very badly damaged, indeed, practically destroyed, with dodder. All the samples were in good condition. At tlie suggestion of Dr. Fletcher, the Botanist, we submitted to analysis Nos. 1 and 3, with the object of ascertaining how far the feeding value of the alfalfa, as re- vealed by chemical analysis, might be affected by this parasite. In the following table the ciomposition of the alfalfa is given, the results being presented as calculated both on the fresh and water-free material : — Analysis. No. 1. No. 3. Unattacked. Very seriously Fresh material— affected. Moisture 73-41 72-24 Protein 4-91 4-77 Fat or oil '67 -95 Carbo-hydrates.. 10-76 13-15 Fibre 7-84 6-81 Ash , 2-41 2-08 100 -00 100 -00 204 EXPERIMEI^TAL FARMii 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 No. 1. No. 3. Unattacked. Very seriously Water-frse material — affected. Protein 18-49 17-19 Fat or oil 2-51 3-41 Carbo-hydrates 40-35 47-35 Fibre 29-50 24-55 Ash 9-15 7-50 100 -00 100 -00 Presuming that the stage of growth o£ the alfalfa is practically the same in both cases, a comparison of the data should enable us to learn what effect or influence, if any, the dodder has had upon the host plant — alfalfa. In respect to the most important nutrient, protein, the unattacked aKalfa is some- what the richer; but the difference is by no means a marked one. The fat, or rather ether extract, includes a certain amount of chlorophyll, so that the slightly higher percentage in the affected alfalfa can scarcely be construed as indicating any superior- ity. The percentages of fibre and ash are slightly lower in the dodder-affected alfalfa. It might scarcely be warrantable to draw any conclusion from so few data as to the physiological effect of the dodder; but I think we may safely infer that no great difference in feeding value exists between the dodder-free and dodder-affected alfalfa. Frank T. Shutt, Chemist, Bom. Exp. Farms. Eradication. — The chief safeguard against dodder injuring a crop of clover or alfalfa, is to examine carefully all seed purchased and clean out thoroughly all weed seeds before sowing. The dodder seed, when once known, can easily be recognized by its dull surface and triangular shape. When dodder plants are found to be growing in a field the patches should be cut at once and the ground hoed so that no low-growing plants may ripen seed. Burning small areas by putting straw or coal oil over them is said to be effective, but would be less convenient than hoeing out the infested plants. Where a whole field has been thoroughly infested, it should be put under a short rotation in which clover for hay is omitted for at least two rotations, as it is claimed that tlie seeds will remain in the soil for five years without decaying; therefore, some of the seeds of the original sowing, particularly if these were raither dry, might be delayed in germinating for that time. As stated above, it is only quite recently that dodder has occurred in Canada in sufficient quantiity in crops to do extensive harm; but, with the increasing cultivation of alfalfa, it is 'of course possible that it may become a more frequent enemy of farmers. It is therefore important that its habits and appearance should be known as soon as possible. 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 REPORT OF THE CEREALIST. Chas. E. Saunders, B.A., Ph. D. Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G., Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the third annual report of the Cereal Division. The various problems in connection with the growing of wheat in this and other parts of Canada have occupied the greater part of my time during the past year. Attention has also been given to the other cereals as well as to the fodder crops in- cluded in the scope of this Division. The winter mtinths were occupied chiefly in the selecting of grain and in making milling and baking tests of important varieties and commercial mixtures of wheat. With the co-operation of the Chemical Division, a careful and thorough study was made of the milling and chemical value of the different grades of wheat in the Mani- toba Inspecti'on Division, using the crop of the previous year (1904). The results of this investigation were published in the form of a bulletin (No. 50) last June. In February I attended the annual meeting of the American Breeder's Associa- tion, held at Champaign, Illinois, and presented a paper on * A Natural Hybrid in Wheat.' After the close of this meeting I visited wheat-testing laboratories in Chicago and Minneapolis, and spent part of a day at the Minnesota State Agricultural Ex- periment Station at St. Anthony Park. From this point I travelled to Brandon to attend the sessions of the Manitoba Grain Growers' Association. At this meeting I gave an address on the breeding and testing of wheats as carried on alt the Experi- mental Farms. The work of cross-fertilising in cereals was continued this year as usual, although the number of crosses made was not very large, owing to the fact that the work of previous years has given rise to such quantities of material as it is almost impossible to mana^'P. The study of these new types, and the selection from them of the most desirable sorts for propagation occupied much time during the summer. Attention was also given to the second of the new races of hardy apples which are being produced at this Farm. Six crosses were made between hybrids of the first race and some of the standard apples, 121 seeds being obtained. As soon as the cereal harvest was over I made a journey westward, visiting some of the more important wheat growing districts of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, for the purpose of studying the variations produced in wheat by differences in soil and climate, and to see to what extent the Red Fife wheat is mixed with other sorts. Many in- teresting observations were made, and important specimens collected on this trip. I acknowledge with pleasure the valuable assistance rendered to me by Mr. George Fixter, foreman in charge of the field work of this Division, and by Miss M. Hager, who has aided me in the diverse kinds of work carried on in the office. For samples of seed grain I am indebted to Prof. C. A. Zavitz, of Guelph, who sent to me Mandscheuri barley and Early Hipe oats, to Prof. Ten Eyck, of the Kansas Experiment Station, and Prof. M. A. Carleton, of the Department of Agriculture at 205 206 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 Washington, from both of whom were received samples of Turkey Red winter wheat, to Mr. A. Kirsche of Pfiffelbach-Apolda, for new varieties of cereals and to Mr. Wm. Farrer, of Lambrigg, N.S.W., for samples of some new Australian wheats of his own breeding. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, ■ CHAELES E. SAUNDERS, Cerealist. CROSSING AND SELECTION OE CEREALS. Increased care is being exercised every year in the selection of seed for the small groups of plants grown for breeding purposes. The improved, selected strains now be- ing grown at this Earm furnish excellent material for this work of originating new sorts. As the number of cross-bred kinds now on hand is so large, only a few new crosses were made this year. The conditions, as to weather, were quite favourable, and good results were obtained. In barley one cross was made, giving 14 seeds, and in wheat seven crosses, giving 80 seeds. The number of wheat flowers operated on was 104, the percentage of success being therefore nearly 77. Judging by the experience of former years this should represent nearly 75 per cent of true cross-bred kernels. It seems im- possible to avoid entirely the production of self-fertilised grains. The work of cross-fertilising was begun on June 27th and finished on July 8th. The cross-bred seeds obtained in 1904 were sown about a foot apart each way. Most of the seeds germinated. The plants made vigorous growth and matured large quantities of seed in nearly all cases. About 90 plants were harvested, among the most interesting being some beardless types of two-row barley, and some strong, early kinds of wheat produced by crossing Aurora with Red Eife and Riga with Pringle's Cham- plain. The grain obtained from the mother plants raised from the cross-bred seeds of 1903 was sown in groups, the seed from each mother plant being carefully kept separate. As every seedling in each group can fairly be regarded as a distinct variety there were in this plantation approximately 40,000 varieties of wheat, 4,000 of oats, 5,000 of barley and 1,000 of peas, a total of about 50,000 new varieties. The great majority of these were rejected before or during the harvest, but several thousand of the more promising plants were retained for more thorough examination during the winter. In addition to these unfixed sorts there were sown about 100 other new varieties or new selections, chiefly of wheat, in small plots. Those are now quite fixed in type and they presented a most striking and beautiful api)earance as they ripened. A few s'orts were rejected for weakness of st5*aw or for other reasons, and the remainder will be subjected to further careful study before being tested in the larger plots. The heavy storms which occurred during the ripening season made the observations on strength of straw particularly valuable. Among the most interesting new varieties •and strains in this collection may be mentioned several selections from Red Eife, which are of the highest gluten strength and some of which ripen somewhat earlier than or- dinary Red Eife. There are also some superior strains of Preston, Stanley, Percy, Huron, Riga and other cross-bred sorts produced in tbe first few years after the estab- lishment of the experimental farms, as well as strains of other varieties which have not yet been described. Some crosses between Colorado wheat and Common Emmer and between Red Fife wheat and wheats of the durum or macaroni class are showing desirable qualities and may prove useful for those farmers who raise wheat for chickens. One of these new sorts (known for the present under the record number of REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 8 C) was subjected to a partial analysis by the chemist of tbe experimental farms and showed the remarkably high protein content of 17^ per cent. Another variety (9 J 3) showed more than 17 per cent of protein. Among the new sorts of wheat recently obtained from other countries the variety called ' Bobs,' which is of high quality, was watched with special interest this season. A few seeds of this wheat were sent to this farm by the originator, Mr. Wm. Farrer, of jSTew South Wales, who states that in the warmer districts of that colony it shows considerable power to resist rust. It did not, however, withstand the attacks of rust in the climate of Ottawa, this season, so well as several of our standard sorts. Another very interesting variety, which has been named Aurora, may also be mentioned. It was obtained by the selection of a very early and strong plant obtained by growing some mixed wheat imported from India. The amount of seed of Aurora on hand did not permit the sowing of one-fortieth of an acre this season, but the small plot sown ripened on July 21st, having matured in the remarkably short time of 87 days. This is our earliest wheat. It produces hard red kernels of good quality, but appears to be only moderately productive and has short straw. It will be further tested. It was crossed with Red Fife in 1904 and the plants raised this season from the cross-fertilised seeds were vigorous and early. They seem likely to give rise to some important new wheats. VISIT TO MANITOBA AND SASKATCHEWAN. About harvest time the writer travelled through portions of Manitoba and Sas- katchewan for the purpose of studying the wheat fields in those provinces as well as to inspect the uniform test plots of cereals on the branch experimental farms. The principal points visited were Indian Head, Brandon, Neepawa and Dauphin. Much information of value was obtained and many interesting samples of grain were col- lected. The wheat fields in both of the provinces visited were found almost invariably to contain a noteworthy proportion of varieties other than true Eed Fife, amounting in some instances to about 50 per cent. Many of these sorts are easily distinguishable from Red Fife, and could be eliminated by any farmer who would take pains to purify his seed. The commonest kind is a bearded wheat with red chaif which has been known in some localities imder the name of Assiniboia wheat. There are perhaps two or three slightly different varieties included under this name, but it may conveniently be used for them all as they are very much alike. Altogether there were found about fifteen varieties mixed with Red Fife. The study of these is not yet completed, but it appears that, with the exception of White Fife, which is seldom met with, they are all inferior to Red Fife for the production of strong flour, and are, therefore, a menace to the reputation of the wheat of these provinces. The varieties with very short heads (club wheats) are especially poor and should be regarded in almost the same light as noxious weeds. CEREALS IN THE PEACE RIVER COUNTRY. Samples of such varieties of grain as seem likely to be of value to settlers in the district drained by the Peace River are sent to them from time to time from this farm. Some rejwrts and samples have been received back from these settlers. Mr. Allan Brick, of Peace River Landing, sent very good samples of Stanley and Preston wheat and Tartar King oats from the crop of 1904. Mr. Charles Bremner, of Spirit River, reported concerning the season of 1904 : ' The barley (Odessa) produced good samples, also the oats (Tartar King), but the wheat was badly frozen in July and August.' 208 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-C EDWARD VII., A. 1903 The Eev. Father Josse, O.M.I., of Spirit River, reported : ' The samples you eent us have succeeded very well. Both the wheats ripened all right (Stanley and Gehun). Odessa barley and Flying Scotchman oats have succeeded perfectly well. This year was a pretty dry one.' The Rev. Robert Simpson, of Spirit River reported : ' The season was against us. We sowed on April 2Tth and all were ripe by August 25th. The Preston wheat and Tartar King oats yielded heavily. Of course the straw was shorter than it would have been had we had rain.' The Rev. Brother Laurent, O.M.I., of the St. Bernard Mission, Little Slave Lake, reported that the Tartar King oats did very well, but that the varieties of wheat sent to him (Stanley, Preston and Early Riga) did not do so well as the Red Fern which has been grown there for four years. Odessa and Clifford barley did not suit the con- ditions in that section so well as the barley which was introduced several years ago. Only one report on the results of the season of 1905 has thus far been received : Mr. "William Smith, of Fort Vermilion, reports that his samples were sown on June 6th and cut August 15th. The quantities sown were 1 lb. each, and the amounts harvested were : Preston wheat, 26 lbs. ; Harold wheat, 11 lbs., and Flying Scotchman oats, 12 lbs. He says : ' The Preston wheat ripened fully as early as the Harold. The oats came to maturity about the same date as the wheat, and the kernels were plump and good.' It is evident, from these reports, that great differences exist in the various sec- tions of country drained by the Peace River, and that much further experimental work with cereals will be necessary before the possibilities in regard to grain growing there can be fully understood. GRADES OF WHEAT IN THE MANITOBA INSPECTION DIVISION. The results of the study of the various grades of wheat in the Manitoba Inspection Division (crop of 1904) have already been published in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experi- mental Farm series. For the purpose of making further observations on the character of the wheat some of the seed in each grade from No. 1 Hard to No. 5 was sown on this farm last spring, and observations were made, later in the season, on the character of the grain produced from each grade. The proportion of heads not of the Red Fife type was determined for each grade with the following results: — Per C'int. No. 1 Hard ': 8-4 No. 1 Northern 9-8 No. 2 " 6-9 No. 3 " 6-2 No. 4 Extra T 1 No. 4 9-3 No. 5 9-7 As the samples sown were thoroughly representative of the averages of the grades, the above figures show clearly that the lower grades contain, as a rule, about the same proportions of Red Fife as the higher grades. The figures given do not represent the total quantities of other varieties present, but only those which could be distinguished from Red Fife without much difficulty. The weight of crop produced from the plot of each grade was not determined but was certainly greatest in the plots where good seed was sown. The quality of the different samples of grain harvested was carefully observed. The differences found were, however, quite insignificant in most respects. Each sam- ple contained about 98 per cent of hard kernels; but while practically all the kernels 1 o „ Photo, by C. E. Savnders. i, 2 AND 3 ARE TYPICAL HkaDS OF EeD FifE, ( AcTUAL SiZE.) 4 AXU 5 ARE TYPICAL HeADS OF WhITE FiFE, (AcTUAL SiZE. TiEPORT OF THE CEREALIST 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 produced from the highest grades of seed had a red skin, the crop from No. 2 Northern and the grades below this showed a small proportion of kernels with a yellow skin. These are, of course, not necessarily inferior in quality, though less popular at pre- sent. In plumpness there was a very slight difference in favour of the crop from the higher grades. The red chaff, bearded heads (' Assiniboia ' wheat), which were the most con- spicuous type present other than Bed Fife, gave grain quite as free from soft kernels as the Eed Fife and of a richer red colour. The Assiniboia did not ripen appreciably earlier than the Red Fife. These observations, as well as those made by the writer in the wheat fields of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, show clearly that the prevailing idea that this Assiniboia wheat is an early, soft variety of poor colour is quite erroneous. Though undoubtedly inferior to Red Fife for the production of strong, pale-coloured flour, the appearance of the grain is 'better than Red Fife if judged by the ordinary standards. This serves to show that colour and hardness alone are very poor indica- tions of actual milling value. DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES OF WHEAT. So far as the writer is aware no careful descriptions of the most important varie- ties of wheat which have been long under cultivation in Canada have ever been pub- lished. It seems necessary therefore to describe a few of our best known sorts, in re- gard to some of which considerable confusion and misunderstanding exist. Red Fife (Scotch Fife). — Kernels red, inclined to pale rather than dark red, of medium size but somewhat short. Heads of medium length, averaging about 3| inches long at Ottawa, tapering, essentially beardless, but having, as a rule, a few elongated awns (generally from 3 to 7) towards the tip. In rare cases some of these awns may be as much as li inches in length, but they are usually less than an inch long. In some instances the heads are devoid of conspicuous awns. Chaff smooth and usually of a straw-yellow colour, though in some climates it takes a faint reddish tinge, not sufficient however to cause any difficulty in separating the heads from thiose of other sorts with true red chaff. The spikelets are set at moderate distances apart, there being usually not less than 16 spikelets in head 3^ inches long and not less than 17 in a head 4 incnes long. Straw stiff and of good length, usually about 46 inches long at Ottawa. Ripens rather late and gives a good yield. It makes exceptionally strong flour of a rich cream colour (not essentially white as is often supposed). Red Fife was introduced into Canada by Mr. David Fife (not Fyfe), who hap- pened to obtain one kernel of it mixed with a quantity of wheat which came to him from Dantzic by way of Glasgow. Red Fife is still grown in central Europe under the name of Galician. The variety from Hungary, known as Hungarian Mountain, appears also to be identical with Red Fife. The annexed plates show some typical heads of Red Fife and of other similar \arieties, and also some unusual heads of Red Fife. Owing to the similarity which exists between Red Fife and some other sorts any attempt at hand selection of the heads of Red Fife should be made only in fields of Jcnoum purity. Any heads of AVhite Russian which might be present would be almost sure to be picked out on account of their unusual length, and thus in the course of a few years by repeated selections of the largest heads a serious proportion of this poorer variety would inevitably be pre- sent. In the opinion of the writer it is unsafe as a rule to select Red Fife with a view to saving seed from specially large heads. The selection of typical heads should be the first aim. White Fife. — A full description of this wheat is unnecessary as it is practically identical with Red Fife in all respects except in regard to the colour of the skin of the 16—14 210 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARO VII., A. 1906 kernel. Repeated tests at -tlie experimental farms have shown that this wheat gives practically the same yield as Red Fife, and ripens at the same time, notwithstanding that many farmers believe the White Fife to be earlier and more productive. As found in commerce, White Fife seldom contains less than 20 per cent of red kernels, probably Red Fife and White Russian, but the kernels of true White Fife have a yellowish skin, quite distinct from the reddish skin of Red Fife. It is generally supposed that White Fife is inferior to Red Fife for milling purposes, but careful tests made by the writer showed that (using pure Wliite Fife) the two varieties behaved in the same manner when milled and gave flour which was practically identical in colour, in power to absorb water, and in ability to produce a large, high loaf. The i)resent prejudice against White Fife is clearly without just grounds, and arises from confusing soft starchy samples of Red Fife (which are unpopular among our millers) with White Fife. However, as the colour of the skin of each variety is constant, there is no diffi- culty in distinguishing soft Red Fife from either soft or hard White Fife. White Fife is not, as is sometimes supposed, essentially a soft wheat, but usually shows about the same degree of hardness as Red Fife grown in the game soil and climate. White Russian. — Kernels red, rather large and inclined to be starchy. Heads tapering, essentially beardless (but usually with a few prominent awns at the tip), and above medium length, being as a rule about 4 inches long at Ottawa. Chaff yellowish, smooth. In typical heads the spikelets are set rather far apart. A head 4 inches long" generally has 16 or fewer spikelets. Straw stiff and of good length, nsually about 47 inches long at Ottawa. Ripens rather late and gives a good yield. This variety makes flour of a less pronounced cream colour than Red Fife, but the flour has distinctly less strength. Wliite Russian should not be grown in those districts from which wheat is sold for export, as its production would tend to lower Canada's present enviable reputation for strength in wheat. Wellman's Fife. — A prolonged and careful study of this wheat has satisfied the writer that it is the same as White Russian, mixed, however, as a rule, with a varying proportion of Red Fife. Its cultivation should be discouraged wherever the production of wheat of the highest qiiality is aimed at. It was obtained by Mr. D. L. Wellman, of Minnesota, who selected the best looking beardless heads out of a field of mixed wheats, obtained by him under the name of Saskatchewan Fife. Under such circum- stances it was natural that the selection should consist chiefly of White Russian, the heads of which are above medium length. The average yield given by Wellman's Fife is practically identical with that obtained from White Russian. Monarch. — This wheat is also a strain of White Russian, varying somewhat in its purity, and giving a'cout the same average returns as that variety. McKendry's Fife, which was re-selected at the Minnesota Experiment Station and was given the name ' Minnesota i^o. ISl,' is ant»ther strain of White Russian. It gives a good yield, but shows as a rule little or no superiority over the original variety as grown at the Dominion Exi^erimental Farms. Minnesota No. 163 also appears to be identical with White Russian. In produc- tiveness it has shown itself inferior to Minnesota No. ISl. Powers' Fife re-selected and sent out by the Minnesota Experiment Station under the name ' Minnesota No. 149,' is a pure strain of Red Fife of excellent quality, but it has proved somewhat less productive than the parent variety at all of the Do- minion Experimental Farms except Indian Head, Sask. Cluh. — This variety was obtained from a district in Manitoba, where it is being grown to some cxtenit. It is not being tested in the larger plots at this farm on REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 account of its poor quality. Kernels rather dark red, of about mediura size. Heads short, compact, thickened towards the tip, essentially l^eardless, but often having at the tip a few awns about half an inch long. Well-developed heads are about 2| inches long. Chafl' reddish, smooth. Straw moderately stiii' and fuf medium or below medium length. Ripens a few days before Eed Fife. Rusts rather badly, as a rule, at Ottawa, but produces good kernels in some parts of Manitoba. In spite of the excellent ap- pearance of this wheat, when grown under favourable conditions, it is to be entirely condemned for purposes of export or for the production of strong, pale flour at home. The colour of the flour made from Club wheat is a dark unattractive yellow — not at all to be compared with the fine cream colour of Red Fife flour. In gluten also the Olub shows itself very deficient, having a much smaller quantity than the Red Fife and the gluten being of inferior quality. In making dough fnom Club wheat flour it was found that less waiter was taken up than in making dough from Red Fife, and the volume of the loaf produced was smaller. The general appearance of bread made from Club wheat flour is extremely poor, and there is no doubt that if this wheat were grown to any large extent in Manitoba it would seriously injure the present high reputation of the wheat of that province. Unfortunately, owing to the fact that 'the market value of Manitoba wheat is determined by colour and hardness rather than by quality for flour production, Club wheat commands a good price, being generally quite hard and of a rich red colour. Indeed, the writer has been informed thait it sometimes commands a higher price than pure Red Fife. Hungarian 'White. — This variety was obtained from a seedsman in Germany. It is a promising sort, being fairly early in ripening and of good quality. Kernels red, of about medium size, but somewhat elongated. Heads bearded, tapering, of about medium size. Chafi yellowish, smooth. Straw moderately stiff and of good length. Ripens a little before Red Fife. Makes excellent, strong flour. This wheat resembles Red Fern in many respects, but is distinguished from that variety by the greater length of kernel in the Hungarian. FIFE WHEATS. Having endeavoured to give a satisfactory definition of true Red Fife and of some of the other so-called Fife wheats, it would seem desirable to state if possible the distinguishing characters of the Fife group, especially since the Grain Inspection Act of 1904 is so worded as to require certain proportions of red wheat of the Fife class in all but one of the higher grades in the Manitoba Inspection Division. It would have been convenient to reserve the name Fife for varieties similar to true Rod Fife or White Fife in general appearance and quality, but the term is already in use, as we have seen, for different strains of White Russian, a wheat which produces flour having distinctly less strength than that made from Red Fife. It seems impossible, therefore, at present to give any narrow limitation to the term. The effect of the Grain Inspection Act is, naturally, to broaden the meaning of the word Fife (in the absence of any legal definition of it) to include all varieties of spring wheat grown in the prairie provinces. CEREALS IN SMALL PLOTS. An alphabetical list of the principal varieties of the different cereals grown in small plots during the past season is here given. The total number of these plots was 216. Those varieties which are given under letters and numbers are new sorts pro- duced at this Farm, but not yet named. 16— 14i 212 EXFERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Sprincj ^Vheat 3 B 3 (Dawn X Red Fife). 6 F 2 (Red Fife X Polish). 6 T 7 D (Red Fife X Roumaaian). 7 E 8 O (Red Fife X Goose). 9 G (Common Emmer X Colorado Wheat). 9 J 3 10 F (Colorado Wheat X .Common Emmer). Advance (2 strains). Alpha (selected). Aurora. Banat. Bearded March. Beaudry Bishop (6 strains). Bobs. Burkinshaw's Early. Campbell's White Chaff, Cape. Chester (selected). Club. Countess (selected). Downy Riga (5 strains). Early Haynes' Blue Stem. Early Sonora. Ebert (selected). Eurasian. Fraser Red. Grant (3 strains). Gurke. Herisson Beardless. Hindoo. Hungarian Mountain. Huron (4 strains). Japanese. John Brown. Ladoga (Black Sea). (Liberty. iMarkham (2 strains). Miller. Moscow. Naples. Nixon A. Onegafife. Onegagehun. Outlook. Percy (2 strains). Persian Black. Preston (10 strains). Pringle's Champlain (3 strains). Pringle's Defiance. Prospect (2 strains). IRed Bearded. Red Fife (12 strains). 'Red Preston. IRed Riga (3 strains). iRed Swedish. iRiga (2 strains). Robin's Rust Proof. Sicilian. Spence Yellow. Stanley (3 strains). Strubes. ■^Tiite Fife (5 strains). Yellow iCross. Yellow Fife. Adjini Red. Arneutka. Italian. Madonna. Mabmoudi Yellow. Macaroni or Durum Wheat. Polish. Red Indian. Sleaford. Sorentino. Emmer and Spelt. 9 H 2 (Common Emmer X Colorado Wheat). 9 K 2 Black Bearded Spelt. Double Emmer. Abyssinia. Aitken Black. Australian. Banner (2 strains). Bayonet. Bergs (black). Beseler. Black Mesdag. Bonanza. Brown Algerian. California Prolific (black). Clydesdale. Cream Egyptian. Doncaster Prize. Early Archangel. Oats. Early Blossom. Early British. Early Maine. Early Ripe. Eureka. Flying Scotchman. Leutenwitzer. Liberty. Longhouton. Newmarket. Norwegian Black. Oderbruch. Prince Royal. Rennie's Prize Whit Salines. Scottish Chief. Selchower. Selected Columbus. Selected Daubeney. Selected White Giant, Sheflaeld Standard. Tobolsk. Tunis (brown). Victoria Prize. White Russian. White Schonen. White Wonder. Zhelannii. Six-row Barley. Blue Short Head. Hulless White (beardless). Petschora. Phoenix. Small Blue Naked. Success (beardless). Surprise. Taganrog. Vanguard. REPORT OF TEE CEREALIST 213 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Black Two-row. Early Chevalier. Erfurt White. Gambrinus. Alma. Arthur (2 strains). Bright. Bruce. Centennial. Creeper. Elder. Ottawa Select (spring). Two-row Barley. Hofbrau. Improved Thanet. Jewel. Kinver Chevalier. Peas. Elephant Blue. Fergus. Forrest. French Canner. Green Marrowfat. Harrison's Glory. Maple. Bye. Large Naked. Prize Prolific. Triple Naked (beardless). Multiplier. New Potter. Norwegian Grey. Oddfellow. Perth. Trilby. Dominion (winter). UNIFORAT TEST PLOTS OF CEEEALS, FIELD ROOTS AXD FODDER CORN. The standard and new varieties of cereals which, are ^obtainable commercially are annually grown in plots of one-fortieth of an acre, along with the cross-bred sorts pro- duced at the Farms and a number of other varieties obtained from various sources. The field roots and fodder corn are grown in similar plots, and the yield per acre is usually estimated from the crop obtained from one-hundredth of an acre. The object of these tests is to determine the relative productiveness, earliness, &c., of tlie different varieties. Those which for a series of years are found to be distinctly inferior are rejected, and strong efforts are made to keep the list within as small bounds as possible without omitting an3i:hing which may ultimately prove of value. The number of these larger plots grown during the past season was as follows : — Spring wheat, 59; macaroni wheat, 11; winter wheat, 19; emmer and spelt, 10; oats, 79 ; six-row barley, 41 ; two-row barley, 25 ; winter barley, 1 ; peas, 33 ; spring rye, 1 ; winter rye, 4; mixed grain, 6; soja beans, 2; field beans, 4; flax, 7; millet, 6; tur- nips, 20; mangels, 17; carrots, 11; sugar beets, 8; Indian com, 33; making a total of 397 plots. These represent about 340 varieties. Some of the varieties mentioned in the Report of the Experimental Farms for 1904, have been discontinued on account of lateness, small yield, or for other defects. PREPARATION OF LAND FOR THE ENIFOKM TEST PLOTS. The system of cultivation adopted for the land devoted to the experimental plots is necessarily somewhat different from that which is generally considered advisable in ordinary farming; but it is worthy of mention that abnormally large quantities of fertilising material are not employed. The land used for the plots consists of three separate fields, and a three-year rotation is practised. Each field receives every third year a dressing of fresh barn-yard manure. This has been applied in the past at the rate of only twelve tons per acre, but this amount has been found insufficient when- ever the manure has not been of the highest strength. The quantity is therefore being increased to 18 tons per acre. This is at the rate of 6 tons per acre for each year. While this is a somewhat larger quantity of barn-yard manure than is used in ordinary farming, it must be remembered that there is no opportunity in this case for the ploughing under of sod or for allowing the land to be used sometimes for pasture, as is the common practice. For these reasons it seems necessary to apply the manure in somewhat greater quantities than usual, though it cannot be fairly claimed that the land is unduly enriched by this method. The manure is spread on the gi'ound and ploughed under in spring. The field is then used for roots, fodder com and other 214 EXPERIMENTAL FAR2IS 5-5 EDWARD VII., A. ISj. hoed crops. In the autumn, after the harvest is over, the land is ploughed about seven inches deep, and is left in that condition until the following spring, when it is culti- vated twice with a two-horse cultivator and harrowed twice with a smoothing harrow. Cercals are then sown. After the grain is harvested the land is ploughed about three or four inches deep, to start the shed grain and any weed seeds present, and is again ploughed a few weeks later about seven inches deep. In the following spring it ie prepared as before and cereals are again sown. It is not, however, the practice to sow the same cereal twice in succession on the same piece of land. SELECTION OF SEED FOR UNIFORM TEST PLOTS. In order to obtain the geed for the uniform test plots in the best condition, and as nearly as possible in a state of absolute purity, selected heads are gathered by hand from the plots just before the grain is cut. About eight pounds of heads are harvesied in this way. During the winter these selected samples are carefully threshed and cleaned by hand; and the grain to be sown the next season is thus brought to a very high standard of purity. This method has been used for several years with wheat and barley; and is being continued with these grains. In oats, however, the selection of heads is not usually carried out unless the grain in the plot shows signs of being mixed. It is much more difficult to .select the heads of oats; and the plots are always injured more or less while the work is being done, on aceount of the growth of the oats being very thick. In all cases, when the seed for the plots is not obtained by hand selection in the field, the crop is thoroughly screened and carefully hand-picked before any of it is sown. IMPORTANCE OF EARLY SOWING OF CEREALS. Repeated tests have been made at this Farm to ascertain the best time in spring for the sowing of cereals in order to obtain the largest possible yield. The experiments have proved that in this climate cereals should generally be sown about as soon as the land can be brought into proper condition. The reduction in yield due to delay in seeding is usually considerable, even when the delay is only a week long. The loss is especially serious with wheat and oats, and is sometimes quite disastrous in seasons when rust is abundant. The comparatively large yields obtained in the experimental plots on this Farm are due in part to early sowing. The best time for sowing cereals on this Farm has l>een found to be from about April 20th to 26th in an ordinary season. WEATHER. The past season was on the whole very favourable for crops. The weather during the spring and early summer months was about normal in character, but in July and August there were some heavy storms which caused the grain to lodge to a consider- able extent. Such severe tests of the strength of straw are, however, of great value in experimental work. Rust on cereals was prevalent, but did less damage than in the previous season. Field roots aud Indian corn gave good yields owing to the abundance of moisture throughout the season, and would no doubt have done even better had not the general character of the season been somewhat cool. SPRING WHEAT. The following varieties of spring wheat were added to the uniform test plots this Beason : — Hungarian White. — See ' Descriptions of Varieties of Wheat.' REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 215 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Kirsche. — This wheat was received from Mr. A. Kirsche of Pfiffeioach-Apolda. It produces large red kernels. The head is sht-rt and beardless, slightly tapering, and with the spikelets set very close together. The chaff is smooth and somewhat reddish. As this wheat is late in ripening, is badly affected by rust and shows very distinct lack of strength in its gluten it seems unnecessary to further test it in this country. The plots of wheat were sown on April 24th, and were all one-fortieth of an acre in extent. The seed was used at the rate of IJ bushels to the acre. The soil was a loam of good quality. The yield per acre is expressed in 'bushels' of 60 pounds. *Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an asterisk. Sprixg "Wheat — Test of Varieties. Name of "Variety. Australian F Cliester *...._ Wellman's Fife Advance* Australian No. 12. ... . . Early Riga * Preston * Pringle's Champlain Geliun , Dawn * Huron * Red Fife Red Fern McKendiy's Fife (Minn. 181) Hungarian White Riga *....... .^ Downv Riga* Laurel * .Stanley * White Russian Australian No. 9 Monarch , Ebert * Colorado Bishop * Clyde* Minnesota No. 1U3 Australian No. 28 Herisson Bearded Countess* Percy * , White Fife Nixon * Haynes' BlueStem(Minn. 1G9) Mars'el 36 Power's Fife (Minn. 149^. . . 37 Weldon* 38 Blue Stem 39 Saumur 40 Pearl 41 Kirsche Date of Ripen- Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. 101 96 103 101 100 94 100 99 93 101 103 105 101 103 103 94 94 105 100 112 100 106 90 103 99 105 106 101 106 100 Length of Straw includ- ing Head. Character of Straw. Inches. to 48 >, 51 M 52 n 54 „ 49 „ 47 M 49 Stiff Medium . Stiff 1001 47 106 47 100 ' 48 105 51 112 100 103 112 112 112 113 Medium. Stiff 47 Weak . . . Medium. Stiff Medium . 49 i Medium. 48, Stiff..... 47 Medium 49 „ 49 Stiff 53[Weak... 43; Medium 49 Stiff . 46 50 48 48 Weak 53 Stiff . 46 50 Medium. 49 49 49 50 53 54 49 50 53 45 53 49 Stiff, Medium. Weak . . . Stiff..... Medium . Weak . . ' Stiff Length of Head. Inches. Bh to 4 3 2| 3^ 3| 2i 3i 3 3i 3i 3S 3 2| 3i ^ 3h 3| 3i 3 3 3i H 3 3 3i 3h 3| 3 H Si H 3 ^ 2^ 3 2 Yield per Acre. 33 20 33 39 40 37 40 36 20 36 35 20 35 34 20 34 20 34 20 34 20 31133 30 3i!33 20 4" 4 4J33 3|l33 3ii32 50 3|32 40 4 |32 20 4 32 20 3|i32 2t 3J131 40 3i'31 20 3||,'^1 . . 3|30 40 3330 40 3i;30 20 3S29 40 2" 129 20 33 29 . . 4 28 40 3f!27 20 3^127 . . 4 127 4J'26 40 3iJ'26 40 3i26 20 4" 25 20 3 25 20 3i23 40 2|20 20 — £"3 3 v., s 2 ts Rusted. Lbs. 60 60 60 60i 01 60 59 591 59 59 62i 61 6O3 60 60 5S| 59 56i 59i 59i 59| 58 56| 59 60 60 61 59 59| 60 60fr 57i 55 601 59 56 56 58 57 Badly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Badly. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerabij\ Badly. Considerably. Slicjhtly. " Badly. Considerably. Badly." Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerabh Badly." Slightly. Badly. 216 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 190: Most Productive Varieties of Spring Wheat. — Excluding the macaroni wheats, which are considered separately, the most productive varieties of spring wheat at this Farm for the last five years have been Preston, Herisson Bearded, Advance and Pringle's Champlain. Huron and Red Fern have given almost as large yields. All of these are bearded wheats, Pringle's Champlain and Red Fern being probably the Lest for milling purposes. Among the most productive beardless varieties may be mentioned Red Fife, "While Fife, White Russian and Laurel. Of /these Red Fife and White Fife are the best for making strong flour. Earliest Varieties of Spring Wheat. — The earliest variety of spring wheat grown on this Farm during the past season was Aurora. Only a very small amount of seed of this wheat is on hand, and it is not yet available for distribution. The earliest varieties grown in the regular plots were Early Riga, Ebert, Riga, Downy Riga and Gehun. These ripen as a rule about two weeks before Red Fife or White Fife at this Farm. The variety called Bishop, which was described in the report for last year, ripens about 4 or 5 days later than the earliest group, and the well-known sorts, Preston and Stanley, ripen about 2 or 3 days later than Bishop. Tiie very early sorts mentioned are being selected and propagated, but thus far an extremely limited distribution of one or two of them is all that is possible. Such samples are only sent when there is good reason to believe that they will be of real value to 'the farmers applying for them. It should be kept in mind that extreme earliness is usually associated with a rather low yield and short straw. It is there- fore often unwise to grow such wheats in districts where the ripening season is lon^ enough to mature the more vigorous sonts such as Preston, Stanley, Pringle's Cham- plain or the still later varieties Red Fife and White Fife. The earliest kinds of wheat which are as yet included in the regular distribution enough to mature the more vigorous sorts such as Preston, Stanley, Pringle's Cham- plain. Stanley and Percy are beardless sorts. MACARONI OR DURUM WHEAT. The term ' macaroni ' wheat is generally employed to designate those extremely hard varieties with large kernels of which ' Goose ' or ' Wild Goose ' is the best-known example in Canada. The different sorts of macaroni wheat are by no means identical in quality, though they are usually considered to be so. They are looked upon with disfavour by millers; and farmers who grow any wheat of this class should exercise- great care to prevent it from becoming mixed with wheat which is to be sold for flour- making. As a rule, these wheats suffer less from drought and from rust than other sorts. They may, therefore, in some cases, be grown to advantage, especially in any rather dry district where rust is apt to be severe. They are not, however, to be generally recom- mended for damp climates. It should also be borne in mind that the market price of macaroni wheat is usually lower than that paid for varieties of wheat which are popular for milling purposes. The plots of macaroni wheat were one-fortieth of an acre in extent. The seed was sown on April 20th at the rate of IJ bushels to the acre. The soil was a sandy loam. The yield per acre is expressed in * bushels ' of 60 pounds. REPORT OF THE CEREALIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Macaroni Wheat — Test of Varieties. 217 Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. Length of Straw, includ- ing Head. Character of Straw. Length of Head. Yield per acre. beg 2 S 5 Bxi'S Rusted. Roumanian Beloturka , Yellow Gharnovka Gharnovka ........ Black Don Velvet Don Kahla Kubanka Goose Mahmoudi Medeah Aug. Inches. 105 48 — 50StiflF. 105 46 — 48 Medium. 10549 — 51lStiff 10549 — 51! „ .... 109:48 — 50 i Medium. 107 48 — 50 Stiff 106 45 — 47 1 110 50 — 52 109!4G — 48 - 109 42 — 44 Medium. 106 '44 — 46 Stiff Inches. ;'g ^ pq t_5 2i — 3 40 20 2| — 25 39 . . 2| — 3i 37 . . 2| — 3i 32 20 2| — 2S 28 2i 2| — 2$ 2 — 2i 2i — 2i 2| — 21 2^-3 40 2I28 20 26 20 25 40 20 40 20 20 19 . Lbs. 621 64$ 62^ 61i 59I 59| 57 62 63 58 59 Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Roumanian, which stands at the head of the list this year, has also given the highest average yield during the past five years. WINTER WHEAT. The plots of winter wheat were sown on September 8th, 1904. All the plots were one-fortieth of an acre, and the seed was used at the rate of If bushels to the acre. The soil was a clay loam. Owing to the cool weather which prevailed in September and October the growth on the plots was less vigorous than usual when winter set in. The ample covering of snow, however, prevented serious injury during the cold weather, and the plots made good growth in the spring and early summer. An unusually heavy crop of grain was harvested. The well-known variety, Turkey Red, is omitted from the plots this season, owing to the fact that the seed was not in a satisfactory condition. Two new strains of selected Turkey Red were obtained this past summer, one from the Kansas Experiment Station (Turkey Red No. 380), and the other through the Department of Agriculture at Washington. These were sown in the plots this autumn. Winter Wheat — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. American Banner Gold Coin Jones' Winter Fife Abundance Early Red Clawson . . . Dawson's Golden Chaff Prosperity Kharkov Red Chief Buda Pesth Early Windsor Invincible Egyptian Amber Red Velvet Chaff Silver Sheaf Imperial Amber Padi Reliable Date of Ripen- ing. ' July 316 315 315 31t) 316 315 316 318 316 315 316 316 319 315 315 319 317 320 Length of Straw, includ- Ruited. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. 218 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 EMMER AND SPELT. The plots of emmer and spelt were one-fortieth of an acre. The grain was sown on April 20th, at the rate of about 120 lbs. per acre. The soil was a clay loam. Long Emmer and Single Emmer will be rejected from the plots next year on account of their extreme lateness in ripening. Emmer axd Spelt — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. White Spelt Smooth Spelt Common Emmer .... Thick Emmer White Emmer ". Red Emmer Long Emmer Red Spelt White Bearded Spelt. Single Emmer Date of Ripen- ing. A.ua Length of Straw, includ- ing- Head. Inches. 113 117 103 105 110 110 125 116 116 132 Character of Straw. 49 — 51 Stifif 44 — 46! 16 — 38 43 — 45 45 — 47 Length of Head. Inches. 4^-41 3| - 4i li-2' 3 — 3 -2.f -4i — 4 -4i — 3 u (-1 ^ X g 1, 5j H.S'o > ^ Lbs. Lbs. 2,400 27^ 2,120 28 2,060 36i 2,060 30^ 1,920 30 1,880 32 ],060 27 1,620 29 1,620 27i 1,380 24i Rusted. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. OATS. The varieties added to the plots this season are: — Dinauer and Fichtel Mountain. — These were obtained from Germany. They are white oats with loose, ojDen heads. Kirsche. — This was obtained from Mr. A. Kirsche, of Pfiffelbach-Apolda. It is a whit-e oat with a loose, open head. Green Russian. — This variety is grown in soma parts of Manitoba, but had not been tested, previously, at this Earm. It is a mixture of at least two sorts, white and yellow, both having loose, open heads. The plots were sown on April 2Cth and 27th; the seed being used at the rate of two bushels per acre for most varieties, but in somewhat greater quantities when- ever the oats were of unusually large size. The plots were ons-fortleth of an acre. The soil varied from a sandy loam to a clay loam. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 34 pounds. "Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Earm are marked with an asterisk. Oats — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Banner 2 White Giant SUberfluss 4 Bavarian 5 Improved American 6 Danish Island 7 1 Golden Tartarian . . . SiPioneer (black) . . . . , Date of Ripen- ing. July 31 Aug. 1 July 31 Aug. 1 1 July 31 Aug. 6 July 26 o = Length of Straw, includ- ing Head. Character of Straw. Length of Head. 96 9 95 96 07; 95 101 90 Inches. 40 — 42 Medium 41 — 43 45 — 47 42 — 44 42 — 44 44 — 46 41 — 43 41 — 43 Weak . . Medium Stifif . . . _ Inches. Ih-H 7i - Si 8 — 9 7i — 8i 8| — 8; 9 —10 l7i - 8J ^ _ O Yield ^'^^a per ^ ill Acre. icS 2 g 1* C.S'o ^ 4 i Lbs. a ^ 84 4 32| 84 4 '80 .. 3U !77 22 32 77 22 33i 34| 75 10 |75 10 30 .74 24 S3 Rusted. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. REPORT OF THE CEREALIST SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Oats — Test of Varieties — ^Concluded. 219 Name of Variety. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 2.5 2G 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 31 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 4' 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 GO Gl 62 G3 G4 65 66 67 Probstey Aug. Fichtel Mountain July Lincoln Abundance Auf Welcome ... July Twentieth Century Kirscbe Mennonite Early Golden Prolific Aug. Gokifinder Holstein Prolific Golden Beauty July Thousand Dollar BeU (black) Aug American Triumph Dixon* American Beauty July Improv'ed Ligowo Black Beauty Whiting Waverley , Virginia White Abundance . . Aug. Excelsior (black) July Milford White'* Gold Kain Aug. Irish Victor July Kendal Black* Aug . Olive Black* Wide Awake July Swedish Select Scotch Potato. . ' Aug . (Jreen Ru.ssian i July Golden Fleece | n Tartar King n Forbes* Aug . Hazlett's Seizure Jnly Atlantic m Columbus ... II Joanette (black) .. Aug. Siberian July Bestehorn's Abundance Aug . Big Four II Daubeney July Great Northern Aug. Kendal AVhite* I July Sorgenfrei Buckbee's Illinois Milford Black* Storm King Gatton's Abundance Aug. Swedish Ligowo July Dinauer „ Colossal 1 ,1 Karly Angus Aug . Date of Ripen- ing. P.S Sensation . Golden Giant. . Tlola Anderbecker. . . Chinese Naked . July Aug. July Length of Straw, includ- ing Head. Character of Straw. Inches. 96,45 97:40 — 49 1 Medium. — 40! I, . — 47 Stiff .... 42! II 94 44 — 46 Medium! 92 44 — 4G Stiff .... 95,40 — 42 Medium. 9ll38 — 40 Stiff . .. 97l42 — 44 Medium. 98 44 - 46 Stiff . . . . 96 43 — 45 Medium. 94 44 — 46 Stiff 91 42 — 44 96:45 — 47 97140 — 42 96|44 — 46 91 43 — 45 Weak ... Medium. Stiff .... Stiff. 94'45 — 47 Medium. 95'41 — 43 „ . 94 41 — 43 „ . 94 42 — 44 I, . 97 40 — 42 Stiff .... 89J41 — 43 II .... 9439 — 41 96142 — 44 9547 — 49lMedium. 96l38 — 40l Stiff. 96 95 94 96 91 96 Length of Head. Inches. 7i Yield per Acre. Rusted. — 8fil68 — 8J!68 — 8" 68 7l - 84 40 — 42 42 — 44] ,._.... 45 — 47 Medium. . 39 — 41|Stiff 18 40 — 42 ,1 17 43 — 45l Medium. 7^ — 8^ 9l'42 — 44 Stiff. . 103'42 — 44 I, . 96 38 — 40 1. . 94'42 — 44 ,1 . 95144 — 46 Weak 96!34 — 36 94 40 - 42 Stiff. 6| Medium. Stiff Medium. Stiff 97 97 84 97 95 91 94 95 95 97 91 96'41 — 43 92,48 — 50 ,. . . . . 102:45 — 47 u .... 95 42 — 44 II . . . . 103 38 — 40 ,1 .... 84 41 — 43jMedium. 9542 — 44:Stiff. 40 — 42 42 — 44 37 — 39 39 — 41 41 — 43 36 — 38 42 — 44 46 — 48 47 — 49JWeak .. 40 — 42;Stiff 44 — 46 94[43 — 45iMedium. 6| - 7i GO 7i — 811.58 - 8i 49 - 7^149 - 8Si45 Lbs. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably, Badly. Considerably. 32i (Badly. 33* Considerably, Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Badly. Considerably . Badly. Considerablj'. Badly!' Considerably, Badly . Considerably. Badly. Considerablj'. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Considerablj-. Badly. Considerably. Badly. Mosi Productive Varieties of Oats. — Among the most productive varieties of oats grown for the past five years at this Farm the following white varieties deserve special notice: — ^Banner, White Giant, Lincoln, and Virginia White Abundance. Among the mixed sorts (white and yellow), Uberiluss and Holstein Prolific have given large re- 220 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 turns. The most productive of the pure yello\y oats have been Mennonite and Colum- bus. The most productive black oat has been Black Beauty. Earliest Varieties of Oats. — Among the earliest varieties of oats should be men- tioned Tartar King, Welcome and Daubeney. These are all white oats and give a fair crop, but farmers are advised not to grow them except in cases where earliness is of very great importance. The white oats mentioned in the preceding paragraph will generally be found more profitable. SIX-ROW BARLEY. The Mandscheuri barley introduced into the plots this year is a strain obtained from Prof. Zavitz, of the Ontario Agricultural College. Mandscheuri and Mensury are probably difi"erent strains derived from the same original Manchurian barey. While it is to be regretted that such remarkable nam-a-s are in use, we must accept them as they are. The two strains of this barley were grown side by side this year, and are being carefully compared to determine, esi)ecially, which of them gives the larger average yield in the climate of Ottawa. The results of the present season are very striking, but, of course, a single test cannot be considered here as conclusive. The plots were all one-fortieth of an acre. The seed was sown on April 26, at the rate of 1| bushels to the acre. An unusually heavy crop was obtained. The soil was a clay loam. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 48 pounds. * Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an asterisk. Six-row Barley — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Nugent* Mensury Albert* Trooper* Oderbruch Odessa Oommon Summit* Claude* Brome * Mandsciieuri Black Japan . . Silver King Escourgeon A.r{fyle* Stella* Royal* .Sisjlsk HuUess Black jYale* Mansfield* Bere — Blue Long Head Chinese Hulless Rennie's Improved . . . EmjMre* N orwegian Eclipse... Champion (beardless). Date of Ripen- ing. ^5 July Length of Straw, includ- ing Head. Inches. 42 — 44 39 — 41 40 — 42 41 — 43 43 — 45 42 - 44 39 — 41 42 — 44 43 — 4.5 38 — 40 42 — 44 32 — 34 40 — 42 39 — 41 43 — 45 44 — 4() ;40 — 42 40 — 42 37 — 3!i ;42 — 44 ;41 — 43 34 — 3() 30 — ."^S 28 — .SO 37 — 39 :39 — 41 |41 — 43 |43 — 45 45 — 47 Character of Straw. Stiff. Medium. Weak.... Stiff Medium . . Weak Medium. . Weak... . Medium . . Length of Head. Yield per Acr'i. 3. W^eak. . . . Medium . Stiff Medium. Weak. Stiff.. Inches. pa 2f — 3^72 3 — 3|i71 3i - 3|:70 2| — 3| G9 2^ — 3| 68 3i — 3^,0(3 3 — 3i (;5 3i — 3| 63 3 — 3i 62 •24 — 3| Ot 3' — 3Jt'Gl If — 2| 60 3i — 3| 58 2i — 3 i57 2| — 3 j56 3 — 3i'.55 3 — 3SI54 Medium . U !2| !2a 121 Weak. Stiff.. Weak. Stiff.. 2i- _ 2 — 2i 13 l2i — 2f|43 \2h — 3 142 '2i - 3 142 i2£ — 3^142 '3 — 3^140 Lbs. 46 46 47* 47" 46i 46" 49 45* 47* 48" 46 45 47* 48* 48" 47 46* 47" 62 48* 46i 48 40 58 49 47 474 49 39 Rusted. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerablj'. Slightly, Considerably. Slightly. Coiisiderabl}'. Sligi.tly. Considerably. Slightly. REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Most Productive Varieties of Six-Row Barley. — Taking the average of tKe re- turns for the last five years, the varieties of six-row barley found to be the most pro- ductive at this Farm are Stella, Odessa, Nugent, Mensury and Blue Long Head. Earliest Varieties of Six-Row Barley. — ^The differences in earliness to be observed amiong the varieties of six-row barley are not very striking. Among the earliest sort3 are Odessa and Mensury. Beardless Six-Row Barley. — The tests carried on at ithis farm indicate that Cham- ipion is the best variety of beardless barley that has been grown here. It ripens early but gives a poor yield and is not to be recommended. Hiilless Six-Bow Barley. — The most productive variety of hulless barley which has leen tested at this farm is Hulless Black. This is a bearded sort. It ripens early but has weak straw and gives a small yield. TWO-EOW BAELEY. Archer Chevalier is a strain of the well-known Chevalier barley. It was obtained from Ireland and was sown in the plots for the first time this year. The plots of two-row barley were sown on April 25th, the seed being used at the rate of two bushels to the acre. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre. The soil varied from a light loam to a clay loam. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 4S pounds. ^Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an asterisk. Two-row Barley — Test of Varieties. 01 ^ 36iWeak . . . Ti 38 II II 48 Medium. „ 491 -I ■I 40iStiff II 52 „ II 52 .1 I. 37JWeak!!! .1 42Medium. ,1 42iWeak... I, 43Stitf ,1 46j ,1 11 38: Weak... I, 47:Stiff II 461 .1 . . . . . M 41iMediimi. ,1 38'Stiff Length of Head. Inches. 2Ato3 3h 3i 3i 3i 2| n 3i 3 3 ^i 3| 2h 4" 4 3.i 3 3 2| 3 3 n 3 3 Yield per Acre. pa 65 ..I 4 |02 44' 33 00 .. 3|:58 16' 4 |50 12 3^j54 8 3il53 30 3||53 16 3||52 4 3 J; 50 40 4 |50 .. 3ii50 . . 3 147 44 4^147 24! 4i!46 12j 3i45 20' 3V45 .. 34 43 16 3i42 24 34142 24 na 24 3"|41 12 3|40 40 ?.i\Xi 16 Smi 32i Lbs. 40| 49 51 50i m 49i 48 idh 48" 47 50 51 51 49i 50| 46J 484 Rusted. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Badly. i Slightly. Considerably. iSUghtly. Considerably. Slightly. 44^ jConsiderabl3% 48* 'Slightly. 5*3 I ,1 _ 45 Considerably. 49 49| ! 49? I II 48^ 'slightly. Most Productive Varieties of Two-row Barley. — Taking the average of the returns for the past five years, the varieties of two-row barley found to be the most productive at this Farm are: French Chevalier, Danish Chevalier and Canadian Thorpe. Other very productive sorts are Standwell, Beaver and Princess Svalof. The latter is, how- ever, late in ripening. 222 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Earliest Varieties of Two-row Barley. — The earliest variety among the more pro- ductive sorts tested for the past five years is Beaver. It ripens about two or three days before French Chevalier. Beardless and Hulless Two-row Barley. — The varieties of beardless and huiless two-row barley which have been tested at this Farm are so deficient in strength o:' straw that it has not been thought necessary to grow them in the larger plots. WINTER SIX-ROW BARLEY. The variety of winter six-rowi barley known as Zero which was mentioned in the report for last year was tested again. A plot of one-fortieth of an acre was sown on September 8th, 1904. The soil was a clay loam. It made good growth in the autumn, stood the winter pretty well, and gave a fair yield of grain. It did not, however, pro- duce nearly so large a crop as the best sorts of spring six-row barley, and did not ripen remarkably early. The date of ripening was July 22nd, and the yield per acre was 43 bushels 16 lbs. PEAS. The plots of peas were one-fortieth of an acre each. The soil was a sandy loam. The seed was sown on April 28th, at the rate of two or three bushels per acre, according to the size of the pea. A large crop was obtained. Three varieties. Crown, Mummy and Paragon have been withdrawn from the plots, but will be re-introduced as soon as satisfactory strains of seed shall have been obtained. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 60 pounds. Peas — Test of Varieties, a :5 • IS'ame of Variety. Date of Ripening. O d -1 o d 5 Length of Straw. Length of Pod. Yield per Acre. 1 i 48 40 41 40 41 20 40 40 39 40 39 .. 38 20 38 20 38 .. 37 20 36 40 36 20 35 40 35 40 35 .. 34 .. .34 .. 31 .. 30 .. 29 40 29 40 29 .. 27 40 27 .. 27 .. 25 20 25 .. 24 40 22 40 E."S til 1 White Wonder Aug 8.. „ 15.. 9.. H 10. . n 10.. „ 12.. M 12.. „ 12.. ,. 18.. 9.. „ 15.. .. 10.. 9.. „ Ifi.. ,. 15.. .. 16.. „ 10.. „ 18.. „ 15 . M 14.. ,- 10.. „ 15.. 7.. M 14.. ., 15.. „ 15. . „ 16.. 8.. „ 6.. 1 102 109 103 104 104 106 106 106 112 103 109 104 103 110 109 110 104 112 109 108 104 109 101 lOS 109 109 110 112 100 Medium Stronsr. . In. 26-30 65-69 64-68 66-70 68-72 53-62 66-70 66-70 66-70 64-68 64-68 66-70 60-64 64-68 60-70 64-68 62-66 68-72 68-72 70-74 68-72 66-70 50-54 70-74 70-74 06-70 68-72 68-72 47-51 In. 2 -2h 2i-3' 2'-2i 2^21 2 -2A 2J-2i 2^-3' n-n 2|-2| 2 -2^ 2 -2h 2i-2| 2i-23 2 -24 2^-21 2 -24 2i-2| 2i-2| 2|-2| l|-2i 2121 2 -2^ 2 -24 2i-2.| 2i-2j 2 -24 1^2| 2i-23 LbP. 62 2 62i 3 4 5 Q German White Canadian Beauty Golden Vine M St edium rone. . 631 62 C3 v.:>h 7 8 9 10 634 Chancellor Victoria* PearP 03 02 11 12 13 Pearly Britain Cooper* 604 62" 62 14 15 English Grey 63 16 Mackay* G34 1" 63 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 624 Carleton* Daniel O'Rourke Wisconsin Blue White Mar: owf at Arthur* ■ 6.3i 64 634 63' 63 634 25 26 27 Kent* Prince Albert Medium 624 614 63" 28 29 Field Grey 63i 62 • Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an asterisk. REPORT OF TEE CEREALIST 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Most Productive Varieties of Peas. — Among the most productive sorts of peas grown for the past five years at this Farm are Golden Vine, Victoria, Mackay, White Wonder, Prince, Canadian Beauty and Prussian Blue. Earliest Varieties of Peas. — Chancellor is perhaps the earliest ripening variety at this Farm. It ripens as a rule about four days before Golden Vine, and gives a good yield. SPRING RYE. One plot of spring rye (one-fortieth acre) was sown on April 26th, the seed being used at the rate of li bushels to the acre. The soil was a clay loam. The grain was ripe August 1st (97 days). The straw was stiff, its length (including the head) being 56 to 58 inches. The heads were from 3 to 3J inches long. The yield, expressed in 'bushels ' of 56 lbs., was 40 bushels per acre; and the weight of the grain (after clean- ing) was 58i lbs. to the measured bushel. WINTER RYE. Four varieties of winter rye were sown on September 8th, 1904. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre, and the seed was used at the rate of IJ bushels per acre. The soil was a clay loam. All the plots made good growth in the autumn, but in the spring the plots of Emerald and Giant were found to be rather badly winter-killed. These two varieties have been discontinued on account of their lack of hardiness. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 56 pounds. WixTER Rye — Test of Varieties. GRAIN SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON SANDY LOAM. These experiments were all conducted on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. The wheat was sown April 29th and was ripe August 8th. The oats were sown April 29th and were ripe August 3rd. The barley was sown April 29th and was ripe July 22nd. 224 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Though these tests have now been carried on for five years the results appear some- what contradictory and do not yet permit the drawing of definite conclusions. The yields obtained this season are here given: — Name of Variety. Quantity Sown per Acre. Number of Days from Sowing to Harvesting. Yie'd per Acre. Preston Wheat Bush. 1 li 2 2h 3 U 2" f H 4 2 2h 3 3i 4 101 101 101 101 101 101 96 96 96 96 96 96 84 84 84 84 84 84 Bush. Lb.?. 32 20 31 2^< 25 28 40 26 40 Banner Oats 27 45 30 72 o2 56 1(5 64 2 4 77 2 6i 2^1 S2 24 37 44 28 36 35 20 53 36 50 GRAIN SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON CLAY LOAM. These experiments were all conducted on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. The wheat was sown April 28th and was ripe August 7th. The oats were sown April 28th and were ripe August 2nd. The barley was sown April 28th and was ripe July 22nd. The results obtained this season are here given : — Naiiie of Variety. Quantity Sown per Acre. Number of Days from Sowing to Harvesting. Yield per Acre. Preston Wheat Bush. 1 It 2 3 I' 3 ? I' f 4 101 101 101 101 101 101 96 96 96 96 96 96 85 85 85 85 85 85 Bush. Lbs. 25 32 29 20 30 20 32 30 40 Banner Oats 80 20 82 12 70 20 09 14 75 10 83 18 Mensury Barley 62 24 56 32 46 32 37 4 49 8 53 36 Plioto. by 0. E. Saunders. 6 AND 7 ARE CNCSUAL He.SDS OF ReD FiFE, (ACTUAL SiZE.) 8 IS A TYPICAL Head of White Russia.v, (Actual Size.) 9 IS A small Head of White Russian (Easily mistaken for Red Fife). REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 225 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Taking the average results for the &ve years during which these experiments have been carried on ^xe find that the best quantity of Preston wheat to sow on clay loam is 1^ bushels to the acre, either a smaller 'or a larger amount of seed giving a reduced yield. li bushels per acre gave an average yield of 27 bushels 44 lbs. per acre. li bushels i)er acre gave an average yield of 28 bushels 48 lbs. per acre. 2 bushels per acre gave an average yield of 27 bushels per acre. The other quantities of seed used also gave smaller returns than were obtained from 1^ bushels. The results with Banner oats do not form a regular series and it is evident that further tests must be made. While the average returns for Mensury barley are not free from irregularities they permit definite conclusions to be drawn. About two bushels per acre is the best quantity to sow on clay loam. li bushels i)er acre gave an average yield of 53 bushels 19 lbs. per acre. 2 bushels per acre gave an average yield of 54 bushels 39 lbs. ^yev acre. The larger quantities of seed so^^^l gave somewhat smaller returns than those ob- tained from 2 bushels per acre. In addition to the reduced yield the extra cost of the larger amounts of seed must also be considered. PLOTS OF MIXED GEAIN. In choosing the varieties for these plots the greatest care is exercised to sow to- gether only such sorts as are known to mature in almost the same number of days, so that they may both be ready for cutting at the same time. Only one column is given for the number of days maturing, as in every case the mixtures ripened with great uniformity. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre and the seed was sown on April 2Gth. Wheat was used at the rate of 60 lbs. per acre, oats 40 lbs. per acre, barley 50 lbs. -pev acre, and emmer 70 lbs. per acre. The soil was a clay loam. Varieties. Wheat and Oats — Pringle's Champlain wheat and Amer- ican Triumph oats Preston wheat and White Giant oats. . Wheat and Two-row Barley — Gehun wheat and French Chevalier barley Oats and Two-row Barley — American Beauty oats and Princess Svalof barley Welcome oats and French Chevalier barley Oats and Emmer — Banner oats and\ommon emmer Date of Ripening Aug. July 29. 30. 30. Aug. 2.. 97 97 94 95 95 98 Lbs, 2,580 2,500 2,060 2,740 2,500 2,5G(> Proportions in Crop Harvested. 37 per cent wheat = 955 lbs. i^er acre G3 „ oats = 1,625 „ wheat = 975 oats = 1,525 wheat = 824 barley = 1,236 oats = 1,452 barley = 1,2«8 oats = 1,075 barley = 1,485 oats = 1,^0 emmer = G14 16—15 226 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDV/ARD VII., A. 1905 SOJA BEA^S. Two plots of the common soja bean were sown on May 25th and were cut on October Gth. The size of the plots was one-fortieth of an acre. The soil was a sandy loam. As the beans did not ripen the weight "of green crop only was determined. Plot 1. — Sown in rows 21 inches apart; growth strong and even, leafy; averaga height 43 to 45 inches; total yield of green crop 9 tons 1,600 lbs. per acre. Plot 2. — Sown in rows 28 inches apart; growth strong and even, leafy; average height 45 to 4Y inches; stalks considerably stiff er than in plot 1; total yield of gree;i crop 10 tons 800 lbs. per acre. The returns this year agree with those of previous years, showing a decided ad- vantage in sowing the beans in rows 28 inches apart rather than 21. Taking the average of the results for the past five years the plots in which the rows of beans were 28 inches apart gave a yield of 11 tons 1,000 lbs. per acre, while those in which the rows were 21 inches apart gave 10 tons 744 lbs. FIELD BEANS. Four plots of field beans, one-fortieth of an acre efich, were sown on May 26th. The soil was a loam of good quality. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 60 lbs. Field Beans — Test of Varieties. "Weight a; g Name of Variety. Date of Ripening, No. of Days Maturing. Length of Straw. Length Pod. Yield per Acre. per Measured Bushel after Cleaning. Inches. Inches. Bus. Lbs. Lbs. 1 California Pea Bean Sept. 12.. M 21.. „ 23.. Aug. 29.. 109 118 120 95 18-22 20-24 24-28 9-13 3i-4 4 -4i 3f-4| 4|-4| 42 20 32 20 27 20 27 .. 64f 2 s White Field 64 03 4 Norwegian Brown 601 - FLAX The plots of flax were one-fortieth of an acre. The seed was sown on May 25th, at the rate of 60 lbs. to the acre. The soil was a loam of good quality. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 56 lbs. Flax — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. I'Riga 2 Russian. , SjNovarossick 4 White Flowering. 5 Yellow Seed 6;Comraon 7 La Platan. Date of Ripening. Aug. 18. 17. 29. 18. 22. 18. 31. No. of Days Maturing. 85 84 96 85 89 85 Length of Plants. Inches. 31-33 35-37 32-34 31-33 34-36 34-36 31-33 Weight of Seed per Measured Bushel. Lbs. 54 53 52 54i 52 53i 52" Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 10 9 9 8 7 4 4 40 30 10 io 20 REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 227 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 MILLET. The plots of millet were one-fortieth of an acre. The soil was a good rich loam. The seed was sown with a hand seed drill on May 12th. The plots were cut when the seed was in the doughy starte. Millet — Test of Varieties. 1 a Name of Variety. Date of Cutting. Length Straw. Character of Growth. Weight per Acre, Green. Weight per Acre, Dry. 1 Italian or Indian Aug. 19.. „ 19.. M 19.. „ 19.. .. 19.. M 19.. Inches. 59-63 50-54 70-74 43-47 60-64 48-52 Strong Tons. Lbs. 14 1,840 14 160 13 480 11 10 1,280 8 1,200 Ton.s. Lbs. 6 1,360 8 1,040 7 1,120 6 240 ? 3 4 African Green Californian rt White Round French 5 1,200 6 Moha Hungarian 4 1,680 FIELD ROOTS. The advantage of late pulling for field roots having been clearly proved by the experience of several years, comparative tests, by pulling on two different dates about two weeks apart, were discontinued this season. All the roots were harvested at the one time, but the harvesting was left until quite late so as to enable the roots to make as large a growth as possible. The yield per acre of the field roots is calculated from the weight of the crop gathered from one-hundredth of an acre. The soil on which the field roots were grown was a good rich loam. It is probable that in some instances varieties which are mentioned in these tables under different names are identical in all essential respects. In Canada the ton contains 2,000 pounds. TUENIPS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 10th and the second on May 2ord. The seed was used at the rate of about four pounds per acre. Before sow- ing, the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller, which flattened the drills nearly one-half, leaving a firm seed bed. When the young plants were about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about seven inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled on October 25th. 16— 15J 228 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS TuRNirs — Test of Varieties. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Name of Variety. Perfection Swede New Century .Jumbo . Kangaroo Mammoth Clyde Emperor Swede Hartley's Bronze Sutton's Champion Magnum Bonum Selected Purple Top Carter's Elephant Good Luck Elephant's Master Halewood's Bronze Top. Skirvings East Lothian Hall's Westbury Bangholm Selected Drumniond Purple Top. Imperial Swede Yield per Acre from 1st Sowing. Tons. Lbs. 30 34 34 34 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 29 28 27 27 26 21 23 5(10 l.ilOO 1,100 800 1,700 1,400 1,300 1,400 500 1,900 1,600 1,700 1,000 COO 1,700 1,300 1,100 1,100 400 200 Yield per Acre from 2nd Sowing. Tons. Lbs. 19 19 18 20 16 15 17 17 23 14 15 16 11 14 11 13 14 10 13 16 400 1,200 100 200 l,.50O 1,300 1,600 300 1,500 1,200 700 100 300 COO 100 900 600 1,700 750 The average yield from the 1st sowing was 30 tons 1,060 lbs. per acre. The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 15 tons 1,852 lbs. per acre. MANGELS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 10th, and the second on May 23rd. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing, the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm seed bed. "When the young plants were about three inches high they -nere thinned out, leaving them about seven inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled October 25th. Mangels — Test of Varieties. ;^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Name of Variety. Half Long Sugar White Prize Mammoth Long Red . . . . . Mammoth Yellow Intermediate Prize Winner Yellow Globe Leviathan Long Red ..... Giant Yellow Intermediate Giant Sugar Mangel . Lion Yellow Intermediate Ideal Giant Yellow Globe Selected Yellow Globe Mammoth Long Red Half Long Sugar Rosy Yellow Interniediate Gate Post ^ . • • Triumph Yellow Globe Selected Mammoth Long Red. . . Yield per acre from 1st sowing. Tons. Lbs. 52 46 15 45 40 40 40 39 37 37 37 37 36 35 35 29 28 600 700 050 200 1,400 1,250 900 600 900 800 800 700 1^300 '506 1,200 Yield per acre from 2nd sowing. 25 27 30 25 24 26 23 29 27 21 23 22 27 31 28 16 Lbs. 800 1,500 i,ioo 300 1,600 300 800 600 700 1.400 800 1,950 400 1^500 1,800 The average yield from the 1st sowing was 39 tons 165 lbs. per acre. The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 26 tons 29 lbs. per acre. REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 229 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 CAEKOTS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on IMay 10th, and the second on May 23rd. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing, the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm seed bed. When the young plants were about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about five inches apart in the rows. The roots were pidled October 2oth. Carrots — Test of Varieties. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Name of Variety. Mammoth White Intermediate Improved Short White New White Intermediate Giant White Vosj^es ... Ontario Champion . . Carter's Orange Giant Eaily Gem . . White Belgian Long Yellow Stump Rooted . . . Kos Kirsches Half Long Chantenay Yield per acre from 1st sowing. Tons. Lbs. 32 500 30 1,700 30 1,600 30 COO 28 1,000 24 600 23 1,200 21 1,100 21 600 19 1,600 14 200 Yield per acre from 2nd sowing. Tons. Lba. 19 19 21 17 21 20 23 18 18 13 11 300 1,300 1,400 1,000 500 600 300 300 500 600 1,300 The average yield from the 1st sowing was 25 tons 427 lbs. per acre. The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 18 tons 1,100 lbs. per acre. SUGAR BEETS. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 10th, and the second on May 23rd. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing, the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make a firm seed bed. When the young plants were about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about five inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled on October 25th. Though all the varieties mentioned here are commonly classed as sugar beets, it should be noted that the only ones recommended for use in the manufacture of sugar are Wanzleben, French Very Rich, and Vilmorin's Improved. 230 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Danish Red Top .... Danish Improved . . . Red Top Sugar Improved Imperial . . . Kxjyal Giant French Very Rich . . . Vilmorin's Improved. Wanzleben Yield per acre from 1st sowing. Tons. Lbs. 40 38 36 32 29 29 26 25 1,300 1,900 900 1,G00 600 '966 6C0 Yield per acre from 2nd sowing. Tons. 2.5 25 17 20 24 17 15 14 Lbs. 200 l,.50O 1,300 600 1..500 300 1,5';0 400 The average yield from the 1st sowing was 32 tons 725 lbs. per acre. The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 20 tons 1G2 lbs. per acre. INDIAl^ COEN. The com was sown with the seed drill in rows thirty-five inches apart, and was also sown in hills thirty-five inches apart each way. When the plants were about six inches high they were thinned out, leaving them from six to eight inches apart in the rows, and leaving four or five plants in each hill. The seed was sown May 22nd, and the corn was cut green for ensilage September 11th. The yield has been calculated from the weight of crop cut from two rows, each G6 feet long. The soil was a rather heavy loam. For the making of ensilage the corn should be cut when the kernels are in the late milk or doughy stage; but the summer at Ottawa is not always warm enough to bring the later varieties to this state of maturity before it is necessary to cut the crop to avoid frost. In Canada the ton contains 2,000 pounds. Indian Corn — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Character of Growth. 1 Eureka ■ 2 Pride of the North 3 Thoroughbred White Flint 4 Red Cob Ensilage 5 Cloud's E.-.rly Yellow .... 6 Superior Fodder 7iWood's Northern Dent. . . y Longfellow 9 Selected Learning 10 King Philip 11 Early ]\Iastodon. ...... 12 Giant Prolific Ensilage. . . ISSalzer's All Gold 14 Evergreen Su^ar 1 51 Early Butler 16|Compton's Early 17iChampion V/hite Pearl, . . 18 Angel of Midnight 19 White Cap Yellow Dent. . 20| Mammoth Cuban 21 North Dakota White Very strong. Strong Very strong. Strong Height. Inches. Leafiness. Medium. Strong. . . Medium Very strong. Strong ! Very strong. Medium. . . . l Strong iledium . 115 to 100 „ 100 M 125 ,- 105 u 115 ■■ 110 „ 80 n 115 -. 100 „ 105 M 110 M 105 ,t 95 .. 110 „ SO „ 110 M 95 „ 100 „ 105 „ 94 „ 120JLeafy ... 105 1 Very leafy 105| 1.30 Medium. . 110 Very leafy 120 115 S5 120 105 110 115 110 100 115 851 ,1 115 Medium.. 100, Very leafy 105[ .. . llOlLeafy . . . . 100 Very leafy Leafy .... Very leafy Leafy Condition when Cut. Weight per Acre grown in Rows. Weight per Acre grown in HiUs. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. Early milk. Late milk. . No cobs Early milk. Late milk. . P^arlv milk. No cobs. Late milk. . Early milk. Eate milk. . Early milk. Early milk. 37 33 33 32 32 32 31 31 31 30 30 29 29 29 28 28 27 27 27 26 26 ,130 650 880 450 340 900 3(10 9-20 700 940 60 .620 620 520 750 310 880 4.50 450 900 900 380 700 180 560 340 1,100 1,950 730 1,900 1,330 1,020 1,900 1,800 300 1,620 710 400 360 780 1,.550 30 The average yield from the rows was 30 tons 987 lbs. per acre. The average yield from the hills was 28 tons 1,221 lbs. per acre. REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 231 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 INDIAN CORN SOWN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES. Three varieties were chosen for this test : Champion White Pearl, Selected Learn- ing, and Longfellow^ The seed was sown Maj 22nd, and the corn was cut for ensilage September 11th. Sixteen rows of each variety were sown, that is, four rows at each of the distances mentioned, and the yield per acre has been calculated from the weight of crop obtained from the two inner rows in each cas^e. The length of the portions of the rows cut for weighing was 66 feet. Name of Variety. Selected Learning Champion White Pearl II II II II Longfellow. . . .' Distance between the Rows. In. 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 Character of Growth. Very strong, Medium . . , Height when Cut. In. 95—100 100—105 100—105 100—105 110—115 115—120 115—120 115—120 90— 95 95—100 95—100 95- 100 Condition when Cut Early milk. , Late milk Yield per Acre. Tons. Lbs. 30 32 27 30 29 30 32 29 26 24 27 27 1,992 1,706 1,660 912 590 66 900 280 1,676 504 340 1,736 FLELD PLOTS OF POTATOES. As the experimental plots of field roots and fodder com do not occupy the whole of the field in which they are placed, the remaining space is usually filled with pota- toes, such varieties being grown as are likely to be of service in the annual distribu- tion of samples from this Farm. The area devoted to the different varieties varies considerably. This season the plots were from about one-quarter to three-quarters of an acre in size. The potatoes were planted May 15th, and were dug September 29th. In spite of rei)eat«d sprayings with Bordeaux mixture, those varieties which were grown in rather heavy soil were considerably affected by rot. The varieties grown in rather light soil were not much affected. The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 60 lbs., and includes only the sound potatoes. Varieties Grown in rather Light Soil. Dr. Mffirker Early White Prize. Money Maker Everett Reeve's Rose. Rochester Rose Bumaby Mammoth Canadian Beauty . . Late Puritan Yield per Acre. Bushels. 274 241 225 217 207 206 182 157 140 232 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 "Varieties Grown in rather Heavy Soil. Yield per Acre. 1 2 Swiss Snow Flake. . UnclB Sam Bushels. 202 IGG 102 4 Bovee - - 149 6 Carman No. 1 Vick's Extra Early . 145 143 7 M 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 REPOKT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER. (A. G. Gilbert.) Ottawa, December 1, 1905. To Dr. Wm. Sauxders, C.M.G., Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have great pleasure in submitting to you tlie eighteenth annual report of the Poultry Division of the Central Experimental Farm. Whether discussing some of the more recent phases of poultry development or giving detailed account of the experimental work carried on during the past year, there was always the intention of conveying to the farmers of the country and others interested such information as would be found of practical benefit to them. With ithis object in view the first portion of the report is devoted to the considera- tion of certain changes which have lately taken place in the home market, the re- quirements of which, while they have become more exacting, have also become more valuable. A number of extracts are quoted from letters written by farmers who not only show in these quotations large margins of profit made by them in catering, with poul- try products of the best quality, to the more exacting demands referred to; but also describe their methods of management and the rations used by them in bringing about these profitable results. The second part of the report gives detailed account of the experimental work of the year which, for the most part, was carried on under the immediate supervision of my assistant, Mr. Victor Fcrtier. To his careful and systematic recording of the data relating to the different experiments in combination with a thorough knowledge of thj de ails of poultry breeding, much of the interesting experience gained is to be attributed. I have pleasure in acknowledging the attention and correctness shown by Mr. Summers in securing results of the trap test, and other experiments entrusted to his care. Mr. George Deavey has been active and regular in the performance of the work allotted to him. During the latter part of the season a small poultry house of new pattern with scratching shed attachment was erected and will be used in promoting the work of building up hardy and prolific winter egg laying strains of fowls. Addresses were given by the writer during the year at different points through- out the country. Mr. Fortier addressed meetings, or attended poultry shows at St. Thcrese, Cowans- ville, St. Hyacinthe, Three Rivers, Quebec City, Riviere du Loup and St. Justin, in the province of Quebec, and Ottawa, later in the year. An exceedingly useful and instructive exhibition was made by our Division at the Central Canada Exhibition held during the second and third weeks of the month of September last. The display showed the methods adopted and appliances used in the prosecution of the work of our department as well as a number of birds of very fine type and quality, which received much appreciative comment. 233 234 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The letters received during the year numbered 2,993, and those sent away, 3,043. JJesides a large number of reports were despatched in response to requests for them. For further particulars relating to the work of the past year, I beg to refer you to the following report. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. G. GILBERT. EEPORT OF THE POULTRY DIVISION. There are certain features in connection with the work carried on by this Division during the past year that warrant more than passing notice. A brief discussion of these features, which not only mark distinct advance in the poultry branch of farm work but directly affect the production and consumption of poultry and eggs, will doubtless be of interest to producers, purveyors and consumers.. Among the sub- jects considered are: 1. Continued high prices for midsummer eggs, but which must be strictly new laid. 2. Decreased exports notwithstanding increased production. 3. Has the cost of production kept pace with increased prices? 5. Is the home production of the better quality of poultry and eggs equal to our local demands ? 6. Some difficulties in the way of placing strictly new laid eggs and the desirable type of chickens on the market. 7. Letters from farmers showing large margins of profit made by the sale of re- liable eggs and the superior quality of poultry. A marked feature of the year was the greatly increased demand from all parts of the country, but chiefly from farmers, for information as to the most suitable breeds of poultry and their proper management, and for the fowls themselves for laying, market or breeding purposes, far beyond the capacity of our department to supply. While these are all gratifying instances of growing interest in this branch of farm work, that there is great room for further development is proved by the fact that the supply of the better quality of poultry and eggs is yet far short of the demands of tlv? home and British markets. Another sign of the rapidly growing value of our home market is the continued high value of eggs laid in the midsummer months. To find a reason for these high prices is the subject of much speculation among those who cannot see why summer eggs should be worth more now than heretofore. CAUSES OF THE HIGH PRICE OF SUMMER EGGS. One likely reason for the continued high price of midsummer eggs was said in report of last year, 1904, to be the more general practice on the part of farmers and poultry fanciers of having their fowls moult in summer. As the moulting period is one of comparative non-production and usually occupies from 8 to 10 weeks, its effect on the heretofore large midsummer egg supply, will readily be appreciated. More recent investigation shows another likely cause for the midsummer skortage of eggs to be the practice on the part of dealers or their agents of purchasing during the summer months from farmers or village storekeepers large numbers of eggs for the purpose of preservation in cold storage or by other means. These eggs are purchased at the lowest price and held over for sale in the city markets when values are at their highest. REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 235 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 WHY SHOULD EXPORTS OF POULTRY AXD EGGS DECREASE IN THE FACE OF INCREASED PRODUCTION ? As compared with the exports of poultry and eggs for the year 1904, amounting to $1,250,197, those of the succeeding year 1905, valued at $858,289, show a considerable falling oif. The first inclination on reading these figures would be to attribute the decline in value to a lessened demand on the part of the English consumers. But the reverse is actually the case, for Canadian poultry and eggs were never in greater re- quest or better repute than they are at present. What then is the cause of the decrease in the export value of these articles? This question is frequently asked. There is an explanation therefor. Close observation of and experience in the different phases of poultry and egg production suggest the following influences as likely to have brought about the present state of affairs, viz. : — 1. Increased home consumption with increased prices. 2. The higher price of meat which has resulted in a greater consumption of eggs. 3. A greater and growing appreciation of the better class of poultry and eggs which can only come from carefully reared chickens and cleanly fed hens. 4. The extra care and effort required in obtaining the ' selected ' article, which as a result is calculated to be in lesser than greater supply. 5. A popular opinion that there is less waste in a dozen eggs even at advanced prices than there is in meat of the same value. 6. The convenience and despatch with which eggs may be prepared as food under many varied conditions. HAS THE COST OF PRODUCTION INCREASED WITH ENHANCED VALUES? This is another question that frequently occurs in connection with the increased values of poultry and eggs. In reply it may be said that experience tends to show that there should be lessened rather than increased cost of production to the different classes of producers, who are acquainted with up to date poultry management and in this way: — To the farmers of the country in the more general use of many forms of waste, convenient to them, and which hitherto may have been unthought of or neglected factors as applied to poultry keeping. Among these forms of waste may be classed refuse of table and kitchen ; unmarketable roots or vegetables ; small gi'ains which may be ground up and made into mash ; chaff or short straw lor hay, which can be used for litter or scratching material on the floor of the pens, heads, livers or other forms of meat waste ; skimmed milk, curd, whey, &:e., which can be used to good purpose in the fleshing of chickens and in egg production; and farmers have their grain at cost. To specialists and other poultrymen, many of the aforementioned forms of waste will doubtless be available, as well as numerous preparations of meat, meals and clover — the by-pro lucts of farm, factory and packing house. These and other preparations of grit, and broken oyster shells are put up in convenient packages and sold at reason- able prices by poultry supply houses, or their agents throughout the country. Until recent years the use of these essentials was little understood nor were they easy to procure, but the development of poultry keeping created a demand for them and in reponse the supply can:e. The better appreciation and more general use of these varied forms of waste an I by-products — so long as the latter are cheap and effective — should tend to prevent an increase in the cest of production, if not to actually lessen it. HAS THE PRODUCTION OF THE BETTER QUALITY OF POULTRY AND EGGS KEPT PACE WITH THE HOME DEMAND? This is a question that is the subject of much interesting speculation. It is on.? that presents itself in connection with the growing value of the home market for tli 3 236 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 better quality of poultry and eggs. Increasing prices show that the supply is yet short of the demand. There can be no doubt that the home requirement for both these pro- ducts is far greater to-day than ever before and equally true is it that the taste of our home consumers for the better quality was never more exacting than it is to-day. This is instanced in the increased demand in summer for the ' strictly new laid egg ' with the flavour peculiar to it. The leading purveyors of the cities do not hesitate to say that their customers are no longer content with the vague assurance ' that the egg^ are probably fresh.' If after they are bought the eggs turn out to be bad the seller is sure to hear about it. So the city or town grocers, like their customers, become more exacting, and the farmers or collectors in turn have to be more cautious as to the freshness of the eggs and quality of the poultry they sell. Perhaps the exacting nature of these demands is a cause for the apparent difficulty in meeting them. It has already been remarked that ' increased care and effort ' are required to produce the ' selected ' article. This at once means higher value for the greater labour expended. Certain it is that these are causes for the comparatively slow response on part of producers to remunerative margins of profit. These profits arc shown in a later page by the farmers who made them by catering to the ' exacting * demands referred to with high class products. Long experience has shown that there are certain conditions which govern the production of the high priced article. These conditions must be unflinchingly observed by farmer, amateur, or professional manager of a poultry plant before they can place the ' selected ' or ' guaranteed ' eggs and plump chickens — which will bring the highest prices — into the hands of leading city purveyor or private customers. These conditions are named as follows : CONDITIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ' SELECTED ' EGGS AND POULTRY. Summer Eggs of undoubted freshness and flavour must be — (a) Strictly new laid when sent to city dealer or sold to private customer. (h) They should reach the consumer within one week of being laid. (c) Non-fertilized. (d) After being taken from nests — until shipped or sold — should be kept in i\ sweet smelling cellar or cupboard. Winter Eggs — (a) Should be collected before being frozen. (b) Sent to city dealer, customer or sold on market within ten days of laying. (c) Kept meanwhile in clean, sweet smelling storing place. (d) Preferably non-fertilized, but this is not so strictly insisted on as in the case of summer eggs, for in winter there is not the same risk of germ development. Eggs of Both Seasons. — In order to have the desirable flavour at all seasons eggs should come from cleanly fed and kept hens. The fowls should not have access to decaying animal, or, vegetable matter. This particularly applies to summer. The rests at all times should be clean, comfortable and free from lice. The largest eggs will be laid by hens. Pullets may yield a greater number but their eggs will be found to be of smaller size. Whether laid by hens or pullets the eggs to be of large size and good quality must come from generously fed birds. Poultry of Best Quality. — To have chickens of the desirable type and quality they require to be : — (a) Of correct market type. This is brought about by breeding from parent stock of like type. (h) They should be carefully housed and regularly fed from time of hatching until saleable age. REPORT OF TEE POULTRY MANAGER 237 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 (c) They should not be expected to ' pick up all their own living.' This practice is too common. Chickens so treated or in ajiy other way neglected are not likely to make good market specimens, breeding stock or show birds. (d) Chickens, their coops and colony houses should be kept free from lice. Lice- infested chickens do not thrive. (e) A thriving chicken should be a hearty eater, an industrious forager and quick grower. The faithful observance of the foregoing conditions is likely to be followed by the best results in the rearing of the better class of table poultry and the obtaining of reliable eggs. The proper food and treatment for chickens will be found in a follow- ing page. APPRECIATIOX OF THE BETTER QUALITY. Farmers and others who contemplate going into poultry and egg production will find it to their advantage to correctly size up the requirements of the present day markets. They should, from the outset, make it a rule to produce none but the best quality of poultry and eggs. That the better quality receives the highest price is shown in the following letters from farmers, their wives or daughters : — Petrolea, November 20, 1905. Dear Sir, — I am offered by ]\rr. Gatehouse, of Dorchester street, Montreal, to whom you referred me, the following prices : Eight to 10 cents per lb. for ordinary farm chickens; 10 to 14 cents per lb. for fattened chickens according to quality. Fresh eggs 40 cents per dozen, with the prospects of an advance in a few days. I received his letter a week ago (November 13). The poultry prices I did not consider high enough to tempt me to ship. Eggs at prices named would pay me well. As a result I may keep one hundred pure bred hens. Those I have are mixed. — Hattie E. S. . In reply, the above correspondent was advised to carry out her intention of keeping none but pure bred Plymouth Rocks, which would not only give her eggs, but ohickens vi the most acceptable market types. In this way she would have opportunity to receive the highest values for both articles. The following is an instance where the best quality poultry, properly plucked and dressed, received the highest prices : Myrtle, Oxt., October 23, 1905. Dear Sir, — We sent our poultry to Mr. H. Gatehouse, Dorchester street, Montreal, and received the following prices for them : Barred Plymouth Rock cockerels (dressed) 15 cents per lb. Ducks — Pekin and Rouen — of large size and good quality, 16 cents per lb. It cost one cent per lb, for express charges to Montreal, The cockerels were dressed in the same manner as were the poultry shown by the Central Experimental Farm at the Central Canada Exhibition in Ottawa last month (September), They were plucked but not drawn, with feathers on wing tips, and their heads placed under their wings. We send all our poultry to Mr. Gatehouse. — (Sgd.) Mrs. F. Lea. The following is another instance of the better quality receiving best prices : Elmhurst^ Ramsay, November 14, 1905, Dear Sir, — In July last I sold April hatched chickens at 20 cents per lb. In August the May chicks at 16 cents per lb. Live weight in both cases. Up to this date I have sold 90 cockerels, — Mrs, Jos. Yuill. MARGINS OF PROFIT MADE BY FARMERS, INSTANCES OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT. The question as to possible margins of profit in poultry keeping is frequently asked. For many years past it has been the contention of enthusiastic advocates of 238 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1905 poultry culture that, when properly managed, no branch of farm work should pay a better margin of profit. In reports of this department for many years past it has been held that, by obtaining eggs in winter and selling them at city prices, in com- bination with the rearing of the best types of market chickens in early summer, a margin of from one to two hundred per cent profit should be made by farmers, accord- ing to their near location to or distance from a city market. That these calculations, made after long experience, were not over-estimated is shown by the following instances of successful poultry management, and related by farmers over their own signatures, in leading agricultural papers of recent date. These statements are doubly valuable for they not only show large margins of profit, but the methods of feeding and manage- ment whereby they were made : — Statement 1. — Made by Mr. J. R Henry, of Wentworth County, in Farmers' Advocate of March 9, 1905: 'Have had eggs all fall and winter in good supply. Have kept account, and have sold more than $2 worth of eggs for every $1 worth of feed con- sumed. And in growing early chicks for market, have made $3 for $1 cost. I find I can raise chicks to eight weeks for $8 per hundred, and make them ready for market. Yes, my hens pay and pay well. ' In feeding, I try to follow, in part, Ottawa Experimental Farm teachings. Morn- ing, first thing, a little tasty mash, but not more than a pint to twenty-five hens. Then stir up the litter, and scatter a half pint of screenings; this again at noon. Open up the windows and doors, unless storm beats in. During day, clover leaves in trough, also apples and apple peelings. I like to hang cabbage and mangels for them to pick at high enough that they have to reach or jump for them. I think it best to feed the green bone or other animal food about two hours before sundown each day, about one-half ounce to each hen. Then give a final feed of grain in the straw, about two quarts to twenty-five hens. Then, at sundown give a mash composed of cooked potatoes and peelings, with any kitchen scraps, with chop and shorts stirred in until stiff — all they will eat. Water, grit and oyster-shell at will. I thinlv wheat the best all-round grain, if we were compelled to use only one kind. Always, when wheat is high, eggs are dear also, so we can draw a safe conclusion.' Statement No. 2. — ^By Mr. J. F. Eiddle, of Norfolk Co., Ont., in the Farmers' Advocate of March 2, 1905, and which shows a large margin of profit from his hens and his manner of feeding them, viz. : — ' In the year 1903 I kept 40 females (Barred Plymouth Rocks) and they netted me $34 oyer and above the feed bill. In 1902 my sales amounted to $101.40, with net profit of $43.36. In 1901 receipts were $103.50, my profit being $52, but I cannot say bow many I kept these two years. ' I have always fed a variety of grains — wheat and buckwheat forming the principal part — with very little corn or oats. I give one or two messes of cooked vegetables, mixed with shorts, each week, with cabbage or mangolds for a change. They get green- cut bone or liver two or three times a week; also clover leaves, either dry or in the mash. They get a warm mash nearly every day, either night and morning. I strive to keep them busy and contented the whole day long. Statement No. 3.— By Mr. E. C. Parker, Compton, Que., March 16, 1905.— An estimate of the profit to he made from selling eggs during the summer and winter mon-tlis may fairly be had by calculating that it costs during summer 5 cents to pro- duce a dozen eggs, which sell for 16 cents, a moderate value at that season. Allow- ing that it costs twice as much to produce a dozen eggs in winter, v/hen they sell in Montreal at 35 to 50 cents per dozen, as I show later on, we still have a profi-t of from 25 to 35 cents per dozen. From 100 April and May hatched White Wyandottes (50 of each), I got $14.30 worth of eggs in November,. 1903. In December of same year tltey laid 1,141 eggs. In January, 1904, they laid 1,385, about 115 dozen. In February they laid 1.393 eggs. The prices received per dozen were : Noyem- REPORT OF TEE POULTRY MANAGER 239 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ber, 40c. ; December, 50c. ; January, first two weeks, 45c., last two weeks, 40c. ; February, 40c. for the first three weeks, 35c. for the last week. The total amount received by me from Mr. Graham, of Montreal, was $149.41. This record is to March 1. My methods of management are and have been as follows : — By selecting the best I have now no poor egg layers. I keep 6 to 8 inches of straw on the floors of the pens, and change it about once per week. The whole grain is fed in the litter during the winter. Rations are : — Morning (early). — Cracked corn. About 11 a.m. — Mangels or cabbages. Noon. — Wheat. P.M. ration. — Mash composed of second crop clover hay (cut), bran, middlings, ground oats, commeal and a small part of meat meal. Any spare skimmed milk is also given to the fowls. I am a great believer in fresh air, and my houses are open every fine day during winter, and as a result they aP9 always dry, and I have few cases of sickness. I do not believe that hen's kept in the manner outlined, and if of a good egg-laying s1;rain, get too fat to lay, so I feed them all they will eat up clean. I never could get hens to lay well unless they were fat and vceW fed.' The last statement is most important, as the experience gained in our department in the winter feeding of the laying stock in cold quarters leads to the same con- clusion. Statemen't jSCo. 4. — By Mrs. Joseph Yuill, of Eamsay, Ont., near C'arleton Place. ' I never had such good results from my fowls as I have had during the past year. I have cleared $17 per month from 35 hens from December 1, 1904, to end of March last. This from eggs only.' Statement No. 5 — By Mr. John Nadeau, East Montmorenci, Que. : ' Last fall I began with 15 hens of different kinds. They were put into a poultry house 15 x 17, with a scratching shed attached 10 x 18. I fed as follows : — ' Morning Ration. — Warm mash composed of bran, ground oats and ground barley. ' Noon. — Oats and barley mixed. Sometimes buckwheat or wheat replaced the barley. This was thrown into the litter on the floor of the scratching shed to cause the hens to search for it. Afternoon. — Oats and barley, or wheat or buckwheat mixed in lieu of- the latter. Tliis was always thrown into the litter. Every effort was made to keep the fowls busy. ' On May 2 last, I set three hens (old) on 39 eggs, and from them received 32 strong and vigorous chickens. I attribute the fertility of the eggs and the strength of the germs to the exercise, fresh air and plenty of room. 'Between the fall of last year and October 2 of this year (1905), I sold eggs and chickens which made me $26.79 above all expenses. This may seem a small amount of profit, but I have on hand 44 hens and a cockerel.' EXPERIMENTAL WORK. The experimental work of the year began in the latter part of October, 1904> when the following work — preliminary to the birds going into winter quarters — w.as per- formed, viz. : — The pullets were removed from the cockerels into their future winter quarters. This was done for the reason that the pullets at this season are apt to be annoyed with the attentions of the more precocious cockerels — particularly those of the Mediter- ranean breeds. The pullets were placed by themselves so that they could be better cared for and more generously fed in order to induce early laying. This method of treatment will be found decidedly beneficial. Care was taken by judicious feeding to prevent the older hens from going into winter quarters over-fat, which they are likely to become if heavily fed before beginnin<» 240 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDVMRD VII., A. 1906 to lay again. To still further prevent any risk of becoming over-fat the hens were not kept in the same pens with pullets. Experience has shown that pullets will lay well and keep in good condition on rations which are likely to make older hens too fat. COMMENCEMENT OF WINTER LAYING. The foW'ls were well over their moult and in good condition when they went into winter quarters, towards the end of November. Winter laying commenced at the beginning of December. The first hens to lay were Barred Plymouth Kocks, Bufl Orpingtons, Silver Grey Dorkings, BuS Leghorns and Silver Laced Wyandottes. Egg laying was fairly general by the third week of the month. As at a similar period dur- ing the previous year the weather was extremely cold, and new laid eggs were in limited supply and high in price, especially during the Christmas season. BUILDING UP PROLIFIC EGG LAYEN'G STRAINS OF FOWLS BY MEANS OF TRAP NESTS* DETAILS OF FIRST year's RESULTS. In January, 1904, the work of building up prolific egg laying strains of fowls was commenced. There are two methods by which this purpose may be accomplished. One is by ' observation ' of the birds, and the other by ' trap nests.' The latter method was adopted as likely to prove most correct. The manner of operating the trap nests, may be described as follows : Each fowl, in the different laying pens, bears a number affixed to one of its legs. On entering a nest to lay the hen involuntarily releases a hinged door which falls and closes the exit and also prevents another fowl from making her way into the nest. After the hen in the nest has laid she is released by the atten- dant, who notes her number and marks it on a card conveniently situated in each pen. A complete history of each individual hen is so secured. The following tables show the results from the use of the trap nests for the first year and their value in making plain the good and bad qualities of the individual members of the laying pens. Additional information shows the composition and cost of the rations used, the value of the eggs sold and the profits made by each group of fowls. Table 1. — Individual hen records shown by trap nests. 12 Barred Plymouth Rock hens, 3 years old. Pen 1. FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905. Hen Xo. >> s 1 1 0 23 16 12 15 19 0 4 24 1 19 20 158 p. < 17 19 10 20 14 2 16 12 17 3 13 17 159 6 a s bo .a S -2 ft « 02 1 O B > o s o o o c Total of Remarks. 1 19 36 37 •41 49 62 *71 80 *86 •96 100 1905 1 0 16 0 0 5 2 1 11 7 0 0 43 0 0 20 0 1 16 10 1 19 5 6 1 77 24 16 0 11 0 0 10 13 10 18 0 0 4 7 0 12 0 10 14 4 0 0 0 3 5 3 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1904 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 i 80 Broody and broken up twice dur- 1 ing season. 85 >, M 72 Used for setting from April 19 1 to May 12. 73 Broody twice during season, but »| broken up. 30, Used for setting from Apl. 29 to 1 July 1. 63 Setting from Apl. 7 to June 1. 28 Died April 28. '05. 9 0 8 0 21 89 18 0 17 0 0 6 0 0 10 0 0 19 0 .... 45 125 25 38 66 Broody once, but broken up. Setting from Apl. 20 to July 3. Broody 3 time.?, bat broken up. Died June 5, 1905. 7 78 0 0 0 0 Showed no inclination to set. 50 19 9 1 This egg was laid in the straw on the floor of the pen. Total. 23 2G 731 Photo. h,i F. T. Sliutl. 1. — Chickens from Fowls kept in Unheated Houses with Scratching Shed attachment. 2. — Chickens from hardy strains. Colony House on the left ; Brooder on the right. 3. — Pullets and Cockerels from good egg-laying fowls. REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Hens marked * were tlie poorest layers, and were neither used for breeding stock in our department nor were they sold for a like purpose. RATIONS. The rations used in feeding the above fowls were of the following composition: Whole grain J wheat -J oats mixed, 1^ lbs. to each pen per day. Mash (wet) 1 lb. per day, composed of 2 parts shorts, 1 part ground oats, 1 part ground barley. Grit and oyster shells in regular supply. No meat, bone or roots were given to the fowls in this pen. Expenditure and Receipts. Value of grain consumed, 435 lbs. at l^c. lb $3 44 " mash consumed, 178 lbs. at Ic. per lb 1 78 " grit and shell consumed, 30 lbs 0 25 " 15 egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each 1 20 • $3 67 RECEIPTS. Value of 506 eggs sold for eating 10 55 " 15 settings of eggs of 15 each 15 00 $25 55 cr, $1,403 per hen. Gain by this pen of , . .$16 88 Eggs for eating purposes were sold during the year at the following prices, viz. : — Dec, 1904 and Jan., 1905, at 40c. per doz.; Feb., 35c.; March, 22c; April, May, June and July, 18c.; Aug., 20c.; Sept., 25c.; Oct., 30c.; Nov., 30c. These prices apply to all following cases where eggs were sold for eating. The above table also shows that the average time taken to ' break up ' a hen when broody was 6 days and it was 6 days more before she began laying again. In the cost of the rations is included the feeding of the male bird from January to July. It is the same in following tables. Table 2. — Individual Hen Eecords shown by Trap Nests, Barred Plymouth Rock hens, 3 years of age. Pen No. 2. FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905. Hen No. >> 1 2 1 >> 6 >> to g s o s a) > s Total of EgRS Rt-marks. 1-5 < S 3 1-5 >^ < O O laid. 1905 1904 *4 0 0 2 18 14 10 0 0 0 0 0 44 Showed no broodiness. h 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 „ *20 0 1 0 10 10 4 11 0 0 0 0 36 Broody once, and broken up. 25 2 14 18 18 10 8 3 0 0 0 3 70 11 11 .SO 0 1 16 13 9 5 7 5 1 0 0 57 Broody 5 times, but broken up. *35 0 0 5 15 13 8 1 0 0 0 0 42 Broody once „ 37 0 0 0 19 10 9 13 6 5 0 0 62 n four times tr 67 1 15 5 12 12 9 2 4 2 0 0 62 II SIX M „ 77 9 19 S 9 11 12 12 4 5 8 11 108 Broody in Mch. Used as settb.- from A pi. 7 to May 7. Broody but broken up four times after this. 78 0 0 16 6 2 10 11 1 0 0 0 46 Broody but broken up 3 times. 91 17 17 20 25 24 7 i9 10 3 14 16 172 11 once but broken up. *98 0 0 10 15 13 2 0 0 0 0 0 40 ■1. 1 2 These eggs were laid in the — ■ — straw on the floor. Totals 29 07 100 1G3 129 85 " 30 17 22 30 751 16—16 242 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 * Hens marked with an asterisk were the poorest layers, and were neither vised nor sold for breeding purposes. Rations and their composition used in feeding above pen of fowls were as fol- lows :— Whole grain ration, ^ wheat, ^ oats, fed in quantity of li lb. per pen i>er day. 'Mash — ^same as in Table I, but fed once every three days and in quantity of | lb. instead of 1 lb. per pen. Cut bone and roots three times per week. Grit, oyster shells, drink water in regular supply. EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS. Cost of grain, 450 lb. at l^c. per lb $5 63 " mash, 130i lb. at Ic. per lb 1 31 " cut bone, 34 lb. at 2c. per lb 0 63 " roots (in winter), 52 lb. at Jc. per lb 0 26 '•' gi-it and shell, 29 J lb. 0 20 " 18 egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each. ..... 1 44 $9 51 RECEIPTS. Value of 481 eggs sold for eating $9 87 " 270 eggs for breeding, 18 settings of 15 eggs each 18 00 $27 87 Gain of $18 36 or $1.53 per hen. Table Xo. 3. — Individual Hen Eecords shown by Trap Nests, White Plymouth Rocks, three years of age. Pen No. 3. FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905. >. .a u Xi Si Hen c3 3 j: d fa S ^i^o Remarks. No. g 3 c3 a >, bo 3 Q. o > o OH 1-3 1905 rH S , ^ Ed CD g S a e S 0 s > 0 0 0:2 OH Remarks. -905 1904 *1 0 1 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Showed no desire to sit. 7 1 L'O 12 12 10 6 4 6 0 0 ... 0 ?7 Broody 3 times ; broken up. IS 18 JO 11 U 0 0 12 4 3 0 2 CO Broody 4 times and set from June 2 to 23. 17 y 1 26 0 18 4 12 0 5 0 12 86 Broody 3 tijies ; broken u{). 29 4 b 13 15 0 13 0 9 5 0 0 15 66 Broody 3 times ; set May 23 to Jime 17. 47 18 9 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 0 49 Broody twice ; set and raised chicks from April 17 to July 13. 53 14 15 16 5 13 6 5 « 1 8 ... 13 102 Broody 6 times ; broken up. 63 u 2 21 3 0 12 6 3 7 0 .... 0 54 Set from April 7 to May 3 ; i Broody twice afterwards. 66 •' 8 19 6 15 12 8 1 9 0 6 91, Broody 4 time.s : broken up. 76 16 7 12 14 0 14 10 0 3 6 .... 15 97 „ 5 „ *86 0 1 5 5 10 9 3 5 1 0 .... 0 39 „ 1 *90 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 1 0 0 0|,... 0 14 1 1 1 2' Totals . 93 83 150 49 80 76 75 32 29 14... 63 745 straw on the floor. The three hens marked * were neither used nor sold for breeding stock. 16—16* 244 EXPEIilMEXTAL FARMS 5-5 EDWARD VII., A, 1906 RATIONS TO ABOVE GROUP. Whole grain ration composed of i wiieat and i oats, 1^ lbs. -per day. Mash, twice per week. Cut bone and roots, twice per week. Grit, oyster shells and drink water in abundant supply. EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS. Cost of grain, 456 lbs. at l^-c. psr lb " mash, 135 lbs. at Ic, per lb " cut bone, 35 lbs. at 2c. per lb. (in winter) " roots, 50 lbs. at ^c. per lb. (in winter) . . . . , " grit and oyster shell, 35 lbs , " six egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each 5 70 1 35 0 70 0 25 0 25 0 54 c $ 8 79 RECEIPTS. Value of 655 eggs sold for eating $14 6a " 00 eggs sold for breeding, 6 settings of 15 eggs each 6 00 20 63 Gain of $11 84 Or $0.99 per hen. It will be noticed from the table that hens Nos. 1, 86 and 90 laid very few eggs. They were not only non-profitable, but partly ate the profits made by others. This is a striking instance of the value of the trap nest in discovering non- layers. Table Xo. 5.- — Individual New Eecords by Trap Nests — White Leghorn Pullets. Pen No. 5. FROM DECEMBER 1 , 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905. Hen No. c 1-^ u cS 9 23 19 a to 5c < S -2 1 0 0 S > 0 a 0 6 J Remarks. 19 17 6 13 8 0 0 0 0 95 11 17 16 10 22 21 14 4 5 0 (1 . 0 115 34 4 6 9 10 14 9 2 0 0 0 . 0 54 50 5 1 4 8 lOl 13 6 0 0 0 . 5 52 53 10 12 13 16 12 9 3 0 0 0 9 90 58 0 1 11 15 17! 13 1 0 0 0 . 0 58 63 14 15 18 18 21! 17 4 0 0 0 . 0 107 65 1 0 2 14 20 12 4 0 0 0 0 53 G9 0 1 6 13 16 16 9 5 3 0 0 69 77 .s 6 6 17 19 20 2 0 0 0 3 76 84 90 7 Ifi 12 9 20 16 9 0 0 73 Dead. Awffust 25. 19 16 16 21 14 0 4 1 0 4 Ill 97 11 fi 8 19 1 10 1 0 1 0 0 57 99 18 129 8 109 15 19 23 15 0 4 7 2 8 119 Totals.. 142 230 230 184 44 18 12 2 29 1,129 Two pens were selected from the above group of fowls, one composed of good and the other of bad layers. The good layers were selected from hens Nos. 11, 53, 63 and SO, which represented an average of 105 eggs per hen per year. The poor egg layers REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 245 chosen were 34, 50 and 65, representing the small average of 53 eggs each per year. Eesults from these two widely differing pens will be noted with interest after another season. RATIONS FED TO ABOVE PULLETS. Wliole grain ration, one-half oats one-half wheat, twice per day. ITnsh loomposed of two parts shorts, one part ground oats and one part ground barley, three times per week. Cut bone three times per week. Roots three times per week. Grit and oyster shells in abundance. EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS. Cost of grain, 440 lbs. at l^c. per lb $ 5 50 " mash, 143 lbs. at Ic. per lb 1 43 "' cut bone, 38 lbs. at 2c. per lb 0 76 " roots, 50 lbs. at Ac. per lb 0 25 " grit and shell 0 25 " 30 egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each .... 2 40 $10 59 Receipts. Value of 679 eggs sold for eating $15 21 " 450 eggs sold for breeding, 30 settings of 15 eggs each 30 00 $45 21 Gain of $34 62 or $2.88 per hen. For price of eggs sold at different periods see Table I. Table Xo. 6. — Individual Hen Records by Trap Xests. — Cross-bred Pullets. Pen 26. FRO:\I DECEMBER 1, 1904 TO NOVEMBER 1, 190.5. 1 '^-i u cx; Hen No. 1-2 11 9 0 < 0 0 C 3 1-5 3 < s s o X> a 33 > o "A o 0) Remarks. 8 0 23 Dead .Tnne IG. 30 21 20 8 22 IS 6 3 0 0 Oi. .. 8 106 Showed no inclination to sit. 38 7 G 1 17 21 1 0 4 1 0 0 58 „ „ 39 7 9 21 14 14 1 0 0 0 0 0 72 48 13 8 5 14 18 3 0 0 0 0 .... 0 61 74 14 90 ?.S 13 0 0 70 Dead May 3. Dead October 3. 75 10 5 5 13 10 6 1 0 0 0 0 50 7G 7 18 10 15 23 7 0 0 0 6 0 86 No inclination to sit. 87 11 9 8 15 IG 2 0 0 0 0 1 62 Broody once ; broken up. 94 0 1 6 6 9 13 0 9 0 0 0 44 .. Totals.. 101 105 87 129 129 48 4 13 1 6 9 632 246 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 RATIOXS FED TO ABOVE PEN 26. Whole grain ration J wheat ^ buckwheat ... 20 ozs. per day. Mash — 2 parts shorts, 1 part oats ground, 1 part ground barley 10 '*' every 3 days. Cut green bone 10 " " Eoots 10 " Grit and oyster shells in sufficient quantity. COST OF RATIOXS. Grain, 370 lbs. at 1^ cents per lb $4 63 Mash, 122 lbs. at 1 cent per lb 1 22 Cut bone, 24 lbs. at 2 cents per lb 0 48 Roots, 35 lbs. at i cent per lb 0 18 Grit and shell, 30 lbs 0 25 $ 6 V6 RECEIPTS FROM SALE OF EGGS. Value of eggs sold during the year 13 37 Gain made $6 61 or 6G cents per hen. Table ISTo. T. — Individual hen records by trap nests. Cross bred pullets. Pen No. 27. FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904 TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905. >, >, si si XI si "o-d '_5 Hen No. g 1905 3 S 'u ft O s P Remarks. 1904 2 6 18 21 26 22 12 2 4 0 0 0 111; Showed no desire to sit. 35 3 10 3 10 2 14 4 5 0 11 0 G2 Broody once ; but broken up .Sat froui April 19 to May 27. 36 0 1 1 1 17 11 3 0 0 0 0 34 Broody 3 times after this. 40 4 13 5 21 5 16 lo 6 0 0 .... 0 80 Broody 4 times : broken up. 4G 0 7 12 15 16 14 7 0 4 0 0 81 Showed no broodiness. 51 3 o 8 15 19 10 7 3 6 0 0 76 Broody once ; broken up. 60 2 10 13 19 21 11 11 1 0 0 0 88 U II 62 S 6 8 9 12 3 0 0 0 0 0 46 Did not sit. 69 0 0 1 13 21 19 8 4 0 13 0 79 „ 70 2 28 6 76 2 74 17 146 10 17 5 0 4 ' 0 63 Broodj- once ; broken up. Totals.. 145 127 57 29 14 24 0 720 RATIONS FED TO ABOVE PEX 27. Whole grain — Oats only 20 ozs. per day. Mash 8 " Roots 1 lb. " Grit and oyster shells in regular supply. COST OF RATIONS. Oats, 408 lbs. at 1 cent per lb $ 4 08 Mash, 178 lbs. at 1 cent per lb 1 78 Roots, 154 lbs. at i cent per lb 0 77 Grit and oyster shells, 30 lbs 0 25 $ 6 88 REPORT OF TEE POULTRY MANAGER SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16 RECEIPTS FROM SALE OF EGGS Value of eggs sold during the year Gain made by this pen or 57 cents per hen. Average niunber of eggs laid per hen, 72. $11 59 $5 71 247 ESTABLISHING STRAINS OF PROLIFIC WINTER LAYERS COiJIBINED WITH CORRECT :MARKET TYPE. SELECTIOX BY MEANS OF TRAP KESTS. With the object of establishing strains of fowls which would make good winter layers in ■unheated quarters, combined with correct market types, 23 Barred Plymouth Rock and a similar number of White Wyandotte pullets were placed, during the fall of last year, in a new poultry house of most approved pattern, a full description and illustration of which appeared in report of 1904. Both varieties of the fowls named are well known as most acceptable market types and particularly suited to make ex- cellent layers in cold quarters. Trap nests were used to distinguish between the good and the bad layers. The results of the first year's experience in the prosecution of this work is given in the following tables, which with calculations based thereon convey useful and instructive information. Table 1. — Barred Plymouth Rock pullets. Individual records shown by trap nests. Pen 34. FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904 TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905. ti c "0T3 >> >> ^ ^ O ?5 s o 53 S) OS Remarks. 1904 2 0 2 0 11 12 15 5 0 0 0 0 45 Showed no inclination to set. 3 0 0 IS 25 17 15 8 0 0 0 0 83 Broody twice ; broken up. 4 0 0 3 12 21 16 12 2 7 0 0 73 II once *9 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 M 3 times 15 0 2 24 17 18 6 1 0 0 0 0 68 Dead, Aug. 17. 21 0 0 3 18 12 9 8 3 0 0 0 53 Broody twice; broken w\ »26 0 0 0 8 8 7 / 0 0 0 0 30 11 4 times „ 33 0 12 19 15 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 57 II twice 1! 34 0 0 9 14 15 12 10 1 0 0 0 61 Showed no broodiness. 39 0 2 13 18 22 5 14 0 0 0 0 74 Broody twice ; broken up. 46 0 0 9 16 20 6 6 0 0 0 0 57 II once II 53 0 3 IS 18 16 8 7 5 0 0 0 75 II II II 56 0 0 9 14 17 9 6 6 2 0 0 63 II 4 times „ 61 0 0 19 17 16 12 11 0 0 0 0 75 .1 3 66 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Dead, Map 24. 72 0 0 14 IS 19 12 8 0 0 0 0 71 Broody 3 times ; broken up. 74 0 1 16 11 15 10 7 4 14 0 78 II 4 75 0 10 11 6 0 0 10 6 0 0 0 37 .. 3 85 0 5 13 21 10 22 13 5 0 8 0 97 ■1 3 94 0 6 14 19 18 15 8 2 0 0 0 82 1, 3 95 0 G 23 23 17 12 18 1 0 0 0 100 II once II 96 0 0 17 26 11 11 13 9 0 0 0 87 11 11 II 98 0 0 r:. 21 16 18 12 0 0 0 0 80 11 3 times i, 1 1 2 These eggs were found on floor in straw. Totals . . 0 50 267 349 300 228 188 S6 13 22 0 1,455 None of the pullets in this or the following pen were used for sitters. The cock bird died during first week in May, but was replaced. The average egg production of the birds in this pen was 63^ eggs per hen per year. 248 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table 2. — Wliite "Wj-andotte Pullets. Pen CI FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905. Hen No. a 1905 1 >- 3 1-5 4J to 3 < s 72 c 1 o u (D > i o Total of laid. Remarks. 1904 1 0 6 22 20 18 15 13 0 0 0 0 94 No inclination to set. 3 1 18 20 20 19 19 13 4 0 0 0 114 „ 5 0 0 12 10 12 15 9 0 0 0 0 58 ,, 15 0 0 18 23 12 2(, 12 0 0 0 0 85 Broody o?u e. Broken up. * If) 0 0 0 0 2 22 14 0 0 0 0 38 No inclination to set. 19 0 7 11 9 14 12 12 2 0 0 0 67 Broody 4 time.s. Broken up. 24 6 18 16 18 13 16 10 1 0 0 0 98 » 3 M * 32 0 0 0 8 15 14 12 1 0 0 0 50 No inclination to set. 41 0 7 14 18 13 10 14 0 0 0 0 70 ,, * 43 0 0 2 6 5 17 7 0 0 0 0 37 Broody once. Broken up. * 48 0 0 1 4 13 8 7 0 0 0 0 33 II 11 * 49 0 0 1 17 18 16 3 0 0 0 0 5.3 II II 67 0 2 14 13 9 7 8 4 0 0 0 57 Broody 4 times. h 68 0 0 13 15 9 8 4 1 0 0 0 60 1, 3 II * 69 0 3 0 13 14 7 8 0 0 0 0 45 No inclination to set. 73 0 0 13 20 12 7 11 0 0 0 0 63 1, • 77 0 0 7 9 13 12 7 1 0 0 9 49 Broody twice. Broken up. * 79 0 0 9 6 11 13 0 0 0 0 0 44 II 3 times. n 83 4 4 21 19 16 11 11 0 0 0 0 86 No inclination to set. * 84 0 0 0 15 18 10 4 0 0 0 0 47 " 85 0 4 10 6 12 10 8 0 0 0 0 50 Broody 3 times. Broken up. 88 3 4 11 IS 13 7 4 0 0 0 0 60 11 once. II 92 0 0 0 0 9 10 14 5 10 3 13, 3 5 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 51 " (• 25 These eggs were laid in tl.e >traw on the floor. Totals.. 14 73 234 300 304 292 202 .17 0 0 0 1,412 The egg production per hen per year of the above pen was 62|. The fowls of both pens had opportunity to run outside on a manure heap on and after February 26. The pullets in neitlier pen laid early for the reason that they were hatched late. RATIONS AND HOAV FED TO ABOVE PULLETS. The rations fed to the fowls in the foregoing pens 34 and 35, and manner of feed- ing them was as follows : — WJioIe grain — J wheat, i buckwheat, and h oats. This was throvm in the straw on the floor of the scratching sheds, morning and evening, in quantities of 6 to 10 lbs., according to the weather. It was found that the most grain was consumed during the colder weather. Masli. — Was composed of two parts shorts, one part ground oats, one part ground barley. This was fed at noon in quantity of 3 lbs. per day in a trough in the roosting room. Cut hone.— Fed in quantity of 21- lbs. every 3 days. Roots. — About 3 lbs. every 3 days. Grit, ground oyster shells and drink water were in regular supply. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN CONNECTION WITH FOREGOING PENS 34 AND 35. It will be noticed that the receipts in the following calculations are arranged to show in: — No. 1 Table. — Eevenue from sale of eggs only. REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 No. 2 Table.— Cost of rearing 100 chickens from May 1 to July 21, 1905, and then the cost of feeding the same chickens from July 21 to September 1 (4 months in all). These details show that if sold at end of July the chickens would have been worth more than at the later period. No. 3 Table. — Value of the combination of egg layers and market types. No. 4 Table.— Eevenue made by C. E. F. Poultry Department by sale of eggs and stock for breeding pruposes. TABLE 1. Revenue from sale of Eggs for eating and haiching purposes loith value of Birds and cost of feeding. Value of 46 pullets at $1 each $46 00 " 2 cockerels at $1 each 2 GO grain, 272 lbs. at Ij cents per lb 34 05 " mash, 680 lbs. at 1 cent per lb 6 80 " cut bone, 178 lbs. at 2 cents per lb 3 56 " beets, 174 lbs. at i cent per lb 0 87 " grit and oyster shell 1 00 " 66 egg boxes for shipping at 8 cents each 5 28 $99 56 Receipts from sale of Eggs. Value of eggs sold during the year $33 00 " " for breeding purposes, 66 settings, 15 eggs each 66 00 " 44 hens on hand, at $1 44 00 " 1 cock on hand, at $1 1 00 $144 00 Lost during the year, 3 birds; gain, $44.44, or 96 cents per hen. TABLE 2. Showing cost of rearing 100 chickens from birth to the age of 2 montlis and 21 days (May 1 to July 21). Chickens in lot : Barred Plymouth Eocks and White Wyandottes (45 cockerels and 55 pullets). Cost of production — ■ 250 eggs for incubation, at 2 cents each $5 00 Coal oil, 4 galls., at 25 cents, $1; interest on machine, $1.25. . 2 25 Food consumed — 38 eggs, at 2 cents, cut up for mash 0 76 13 lbs. bread, at 3 cents 0 36 5i lbs. rice, at 5 cents 0 27 5 lbs. oatmeal, 2h cents 0 13 118 lbs. wheat, at 1:^ cents , 1 48 17 lbs. ground barley, at 1 cent 0 17 10^ lbs. meat meal, at 2i cents 0 26 12 lbs. ground oats, at 1 cent 0 12 Total cost of production .- $11 80 Total weight of lot at age of 2 months and 21 days, 148^ lbs. Value of lot, 148^- lbs., at 25 cents per lb $37 12 Net profit $25 32 250 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1935 Cost of feeding 100 chickens during 1 month and 10 days (July 21 to Septem- ber 1). Food consumed — 12 lbs. meat meal at 2^ cents 0 30 5 lbs. barley, at 1 cent 0 05 30 lbs. shorts, at 1 cent 0 30 34 lbs. ground oats, at 1 cent 0 34 128 lbs. wheat, at 1^ cents. 1 60 25 lbs. oats, at 1 cent 0 25 Total cost of feeding $2 84 Total weight of lot at age of 4 months, 272 lbs. Total gain in live weight during feeding period, 123^ lbs. Value of increased weight, 123 J lbs., at 13 cents. ... $16 06 Net profit $13 22 Total weight of chickens at age of 4 months, 272 lbs. at 13 cents $34 66 Total cost of production, $11.80 and $2.84 14 64 Total net profit 20 02 Table 3. — Showing value of eggs sold from pens 34 and 35 for hatching, and value, of chickens at 4 months from eggs from these pens. COST OF PRODUCTION. Value of breeding stock, 46 pullets at $1 $46 00 Value of breeding stock, 2 cockerels at $1 2 00 Value of food consumed by old birds 46 28 Cost of rearing 100 chickens, at 4 months of age (Sept. 1) 14 64 $108 9 RECEIPTS FROM EGGS AND FLESH. Value of eggs sold during the year $33 00 I Value of eggs sold for breeding, 49 settings at $1. 49 00 i Value of 100 chickens at age of 4 months (Sept. f 1), weight 272 lbs., at 13 cents 34 66 ^ Value of 44 yearling hens, at $1 44 00 Value of 1 yearling cock, at $1 1 00 s Lost during the year, 3 birds. 161 66 Xct profit $52 74 oi $1.15 by each hen. REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 251 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Table 4. — Revenue made from sale of eggs for hatching and stock for breeding pur- poses. Pens 34 and 35. Value of breeding stock, 2 cockerels, 46 pullets . . $48 00 Value of food consumed 46 28 Cost of rearing 100 chickens at age of 4 months (Sept. 1) 14 64 Cost of 50 shipping egg boxes, at 8 cents each. . 4 00 Cost of 35 coops (shipping birds), at 25 cent's each 8 75 $121 67 Value of eggs sold daring the year $33 00 Value of eggs sold for breeding 49 00 Value of 35 cockerels sold for breeding, at $1. . 35 00 Value of 10 pullets sold for breeding, at $1. . . . 10 00 Value of 18 chickens sold for eating, 45 lbs., at 13 cents 5 85 Value of cockerel on hand, at $1 1 00 Value of 30 pullets on hand, at i; 1 30 00 Value of breeding stock 48 00 211 85 Lost during the year, 3 birds $3 00 Xet profit $87 13 or $1.89-i by each hen. INCUBATION. HATCHIXG RF.SULTS FROM I>XUnATORS AXD HEXS. CHICKEXS HATCHED FROM HEXS KEPT HI WARMED AXD COLD HOUSES. On the dates named in the following tables, two incubators — as described — were set in operation in the same building. Some interesting results are shown, among which will be noted the difference in the germ strength of eggs laid by fowls which were kept in houses without any artificial heat, but with scratching shed attachment, and those from hens in partially warmed compartments, but with no such opportunity for exercise or such abundance of fresh air. 252 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 (-1 rC^ CO *^ J ^J 3 SSSoSooOTCooocricccot-t-cot-cococccccoco s SS2SSf^Kgt3:S5§SSSSSSSSS3 w 0) o M ^ oifii§f§i§iiiiio||§ii 3 S§88§§§§SS2§||S§||||^ . ;::i^f:. r-lrHi-lT-l,-l.-lrHt-li-ii-liHt-li-li-Hi-(rtr-ii « 3^S;=i^SiHr-lr-lr-lrHrH.-lr-l.-lrHrHi-lr-lr-lTH i lllslssisssssssssssss ie^Sd^scococceocoTPTPrf* o O •SxteQ p -O^ ^IN«T)^iOOt-C0050^C;iCO^mjDt;^COOOrH •ai^'c^uaojaj SU3510U10 •IPHS «1 P'^^d •Boijoo pBsa ,-i O IM M C-:i c: o '-' ■* ;s UBOIO I-- i-H -fi cc in tH ?« 0 CO o o •sssa JO -ojsi bo (N C0»O Tl O = "S"? C :: o O 05 C<5 «C C5 MiC O 3 O 1 --5 o HE PORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 253 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Some results made evident from the above figures are : — Eggs from hens in ISTos. 34 and 35 pens (cold houses) showed greatest percentage of fertility and hatched the most chickens. This corroborates the experiences of pre- vious years, as shown in reports of 1903 and 1904. The eggs with the weaker germs were laid by hens in pens Nos. 2, 35 and 20, which were in partially warmed houses. The birds which laid the eggs were given the same rations in both cases. Eggs were turned once per day after cooling. During the cooling of the eggs the doors of the incubators were left open. Neither incubator required any moisture. ' Test No. 3. — Results from Eggs obtained from Earmers at end of August. Eor the purpose of showing the hatching of chickens by incubator during the fair of the Canada Central Exhibition held in this city from September 8 to 16 last, the following number of eggs were purchased from neighbouring farmers and placed in two incubators. The eggs which were from hens that had laid well during the season, but had free run, showed remarkable fertility and strength of germ. The incubators were placed on an inclosed platform around which a constant stream of people passed. There was much vibration, but this did not seriously interfere with results. Eggs from Earmers' Fowls. Hatched ix Incubators. Description of Eggs. Kind of Incubator. bo bo 'o d O 25 20 1 'V 6 bo -1 a o 1 Remarks. Bfirred P. Rock, farmers stock. . . Hot water . . Hot air 220 229 25 42 10 15 160 152 66| After the usual stay of 24 hours in the nurseries of the incubators, the chickens were removed to brooders close at hand where they made good growth. Test No. 4. — Hatciiixg Eggs by Hens. The following eggs, which were imported from England, were given to four hens on April 28 last. Results obtained were : — Descri lotion of Eggs. bo -'^ d a Q a a> B Q 'V $ C o s O a; Remarks. Faverolle 14 24 24 24 2 6 8 3 5 4 18 2 1 2 1 3 3 2 6 9 6 2 43 37i 29 8i Strong chickens. Buff Orpington White M S. G. Dorkings Weak chickens. Total 86 16 30 8 9 23 26^ 254 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vil,, A. 1906 Test No. 5. — The eggs as described in following table were from Experimental Farm stock. They were set under hens on April 28 last. Particulars are : — Description of P!ggs. 6 1 bo to "o 6 T o O D 5 to s o Remarks. Barred P. R,ock . 2 3 5 5 20 34 12 12 13 13 12 13 1 1 2 3 0 4 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 6 8 8 G 10 7 50 f)Gi Gil 4G" 83^ 54 White j- 53| per cf nt. S. L. Wyandotte Barred P. Rock Total 75 11 10 9 43 GO REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 255 •-3 c3 3 oc 3 0 iS ci Q ,iJ D . 0 t) •r; <^ T3 77 ^^3 M ^ ^ PM 0 3 ^ ^ C aj 0 y ^ W q n t^ iz; t> 0 1— 1 < 0 W zn 0 -ta 0 1— 1 P^ fcr c3 >-!-l c W3 25 -u a l=< ■jj a, h-i « 0 W 1— 1 , -^ W -(-3 0 ^ 0 0 CM 1— 1 0 w K w 0) CI ^ ^J c: 0 0 0 2 ?s 0 0 k; -C OI N 73 PQ Xi < 't« H ■4^ bn fl © c3 B Pi § a c3 0 •ZQ ■sq^ •S>{93AV •ZQ sqi •!}n9mu9dx9 jo 9S0p 5B 9SB.I9Ay •ZQ sqrj •^U9ra -]a9dx9 JO Sniu -ill39q ^'B 9S\3J9AY •ZQ •^■'^'AV q?Q I-H tH •i[99Av q?T' ''U rH ^ rH rH r-l rH i-l 1-1 1-1 i-l 1-1 CC C- ^ f 1 CO O'S CC CO cc cc 10 •5199 AV pig ^U iH 1-1 rH i-( "SO'T •*.ir:o-*ir5<)co U tH 1-1^1-1 Sqrj e--?H >^ii r.> . •> . Oa::a 02 M rHlCCOlrtOSrHtiOrHQOSi rHrHIMIMNTji'TOt^COO r-JOOOCCiCOIlOCOCOO oicomisot^t-i.~coxc> 1 IM d 5 ® CI :&^ - 256 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Eh w o X m suo>{oiqo -^q uiuS aSeiaAV •ZQ "^ ■sqri o ^>0 o uib3 ibc(o:} aSiuoAy •ZQ =^ -*< •5U8uiijadxa jo asop !jB aSuiOAY •sqT •^uata -uadxe jo Sum -biSaq ^B oaB-iaAy N •^s^xiV H?S •^33A\. H5^ (MONrHOOeOO rH rH i-l i-l •J[39A\. P-iS •'/r> -f t- o o X lO -s" -^ •'U 1-1 lH rH ■>»< C-1 X 1-1 1-1 M 00 ■■«< ■ 1-1 1-1 rH ^^^Tj<^CC^CO •jpa^V pus •7/-, 'M iM t>. iKI O M :S cocococo •^53 AV ?si •zf) f^ "* ■^i' o o m o ^ •gqq C5 CO CO CO iM s-1 M ec . T)<(MO-• •gqrj > .s 0) 'Z^ ^ c rt 1 to Id - 1 1 s l'-^ |S .o ^ "3 S' e^ o c (C.2 o -2 -H .-H T-. CO o OO O O >-i •pa^unoo ;ou jnoqc^; 'qyojj (N C-1 .-H C-; €© !C r-( 1 . o o "o CO O o t- •q{ J9d •o^X ^^ 8['BS raojj nancjay; €(!> 50 » o o -S O 1^, ^ CO ■noi^ O Oi O o o -onpoad jo %soo [vkoj, 6© CO ■* CO CO ^te ^te Js •8ST33Joni JO punod -2 CO CO ano 'uoi:iotipojd jo ^sog 6 t5 o tH t>. CO N M o jad -ox ^c anie^ o o »o lO lO O cs O O f^ r*^ -«J .-Rl t4C!> o •sj^aa.a. g ut pa ^ lO o Eh -musuoo ^unoiny (J o o _2 CO t^ O 1-1 ■qi o ^ CO OO o o .lad "ogx :}B ^til'BA «^ CO CO 5-5 CO •ZQ ■* CO Q •;)qS[8AV iBtjiuj •sqT: IM CO •ZQ (M O r-l O •s j[3aA\ s ut astJSJDni i^^ox ■sqi CO i-l t^ CO 1-H 1-1 •ZQ I-H lO CO , •:>uaraiJ9dx8 jo 8sop ^y Eh •sqi 5 •^uani •ZQ T-l -* CO -iiadx9 JO SniuuiSaq ^y •sqT IM CO IM (M i-l ^ 00 OO •suaJiouia JO aaqran^ tH i-I •a^ujQ JO uaeriments, and to Mr. E. Donaldson, herdsman, who has kept all records of live stock experiments, each doing so in a careful and painstaking manner. "WEATHER. December commenced dull and open, followed by cool, bright weather to the middle of the month, except on the 6th and 8th, when there was a light fall of snow. The balance of the month was more or less broken with light snowstorms. A snowfall on the 18th made fairly good sleighing, and on the 2Gth improved the going in sleighs, which continued to the end of the month. The thermometer went to zero on the 16th, and registered below zero at night, from the 22nd to the 27th 14° below zero, the lowest for the month was on the 27th, and on the 31st the mercury fell to 8° below zero. January commenced with sleighing, which continued until the first of April. The first part of the month was somewhat broken by light snow storms, the latter part of the month, however, was noted for many heavy storms, some of which blocked the roads 263 264 EXPElilMEyTAL FARMS 5-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1'j06 very badly. The thermometer registered below zero eleven times during the month, the lowest for some years being 31° below zero on the 15th, The first week in February was fine, with the thermometer below zero much of the time. The remainder of February was also cold, but unusually stormy, with high winds. Roads were impassable much of the time, and railway traffic was su.spended for several days. The mercury went below zero point at nine different dates during the month. Generally speaking, the month was the most stormy of any experienced here during the past 30 years. The first of March opened mild, but was followed by cold, fine weather until the 8th. Snow then went rapidly for a few days, followed by exceptionally cold weather, the glass recording 14° and 15° below zero on the 14tli and 15th respectively. The balance of March was fine, with some mild weather, and the large quantity of snow gradually went away without the usual freshets. Towards the last of the month the roads were bad and sleighing was about broken iip. The first of the month of April was fine and quite mild, with not nearly the nsual amount of rain; this also assisted materially in preventing the usual spring freshets. The remainder of April was fine, with some light rains, but the sky was usually over- cast, preventing many bright days. The total rainfall for the month was only 1 '24 inches, of which 1 -02 fell on the 21st and 22nd. The rainfall during May was greater than usual, and was pretty well distributed over the whole month. Rain fell on eleven different dates during the month. The con- tinued wet weather, together with a somewhat lower temperature than usual, prevented the usual amount of field work from being done, and made farm work and plant growth backward. The first seeding was done May 1. This, however, was followed by wet weather and the ground was not fit to work again until the 4th. Seeding was con- tinued on the 5th and 6th, but on account of rain no seed was again so^vn until the 13th, when seeding continued uninterrupted to the 17th. The balance of May, after the 20th, was favourable for getting spring work done. Very high winds prevailed on the 25th and 2Gth. The thermometer registered frost on six different nights during the month. On June 7, in the early morning, the thermometer registered 5° of frost. This frost did considerable damage to tender plants, also to fruits which were then in full bloom. The first part of June was more or less broken with showery weather. Rain is recorded on twelve different dates. Exceptionally fine weather prevailed from the 16th to 26th. The temperature was about the average during this month, and crops that had such a backward appearance early, forced rapidly ahead during the latter part of the month. Only once during the month did the temperature go above 78°, and that was on the 15th when 81° was registered. The rainfall during July was light, and only on six dates did rain fall, which totalled only 1 -56 inches. July was about as warm as usual, but was not so high in temperature as during the previous year. The crops made exceptionally good growth during the first part of the month, and the hay crop was above an average. The grain crops, however, suffered greatly for want of rain during the last of the month. The thermometer went to 80° or above on the 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, 15th, 19th and 29th, when 81°, 82°, 82°, 80°, 80°, 83° and 81° was registered respectively. August was unusually dry, the only rainfall during the month of any consequence, was on the 6th and 7th of -62 inches, and on the 30th when -59 inches fell. The tota.1 rainfall for the month was 1 •53 inches. Grain crops were very materially reduced in yield, and root crops got a severe set back owing to the prolonged dry weather. The average temperature for the month was the same as the previous year. The ther- mometer registered 80° or above 80° on the 4th, Gth, 8th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 22nd, when 80°, 80°, 81°, 81°, 82° and 81° was registered respectively. On the early morn- ing of the 15th the temperature fell to freezing point in some parts of the maritime provinces and did great damage to corn, potatoes, buckwheat and other tender plants. Our thermometer registered only 38°, six degrees from freezing. REPORT OF MR. R. ROB,ERTSON 265 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 'ihe month of September was more or less broken with showery weather, the heaviest rainfalls, however, were registered on the 4th, 6th, 14th and 26th, when 1-33 inches of ram fell. The weather conditions outside of these days permitted of getting gram harvested in a satisfactory manner. No frosts were recorded here during Sep- tember. October was unusually dry and fine weather continued almost all of the month, the rainfall being only 1 -29 inches in all. No frost was recorded up to the 11th and 12th, when 5° and 7° respectively were recorded. Frost was again recorded on the 23rd. The month of November was also unusually fine most of the time, with frequent light rains up to the 15th, 16th and ITth, 2-10 inches falling on those dates. Dry weather then continued until the 29th, when 1 -61 inches of rain fell. Very little frost was recorded in this month until the 15th, ^ when the mercury fell to 5° below zero. From the 19th to 22nd slight frosts were recorded and from the 2Tth to the end of the month, frost was recorded each day, while on the 29th 54° was also recorded, being only one degree below the warmest record for the month. Bain fall. 1905. April 1-24 inches. May 3-02 " June 3:30 "' July 1-56 " August 1-53 " September 3-38 " October. 1-29 " November 4*72 " 1904. 2-92 inches 1-76 C( 1-74 li 2-15 a 3-51 ii 4-52 i( 5-00 i( 3-39 u 20-04 " 24-99 " METEOROLOGICAL RECORD. The maximum and minimum thermometrical observations for the year beginning'' December 1, 1904, and ending November 30, 1905 : — Month. 1904. December 190.J January 1st and 10th, 35° above zero luth, 31° February March . . April . . . May .... June .... Maximum. 1st, 38° above zero. Minimum. 27th, 14° below zero. July 1 19th, 83° 13tli, 38° above zero . 3(ith, 50° 29th, 66° -29th, 73° I5th, 81° Augr'jst . September . October. . . . November. 12th, 82° 11th, 74° 5th, G8° 2oth, 55° Gth, 18° 15th, 15° 3rd, 20° above : 13th, 22° 7tl., 27° Srd, 4 j" IGth, 3S° ••^Oth, 33° 27th, 17° 15th, 5° below zero. EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS. Experiments were again continued this year with the leading sorts of oats which were grown in uniform test plots of one- fortieth acre each. Thirty-nine varieties were included in this test. The plots received the same treatment and were on soil practi- cally uniform throughout. The ground was a clay loam, on which clover hay was grown the previous year 266 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 (1904). Grain in 1903 and roots in 1902 for which crop 20 one-horse cart loads of barnyard manure per acre was used. The land was ploughed in the fall and a very- light crop of aftermath turned under. This spring it was harrowed with spring tooth, disc and smoothing harrows until a fine tilth was made. The seed was sown on May 15 with the seed drill at the rate of 2^ bushels per acre. This ground was also seeded down to clover and timothy at the rate of 7 lbs. Mammoth Eed clover, 3 lbs. alsike and 12 lbs. timothy seed per acre, by means of a grass seed attachment to the grain seeder. The grain was selected heads of the previous season^'s crop, being cut from the various plots at harvest time. JSTo fertilizer was used on these plots this season. The grain started rather slowly and in some places weeds got somewhat of a start, grass seed and clover also started fairly well; although not growing fast this grain always retained quite a deep, dark colour and from about the first of June to the middle of July made very good growth, from this time until ripe, the continued dry weather had the effect of reducing the pros- pects of a large crop. The straw was stiif and very clean, with no rust whatever, but quite a few heads of smut were noticed. The following yields were obtained from these plots : — Oats — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Improved Ligowo. . . . Aug:. 2 Mennonite 3 Twentieth Century. . 4 Joanette. 5 Siberian 6 Thousand Dollar 7 Black I'eauty 8 Bavarian 9 Pioneer lo' Sensation 11 Waverley 12 Lincoln 13 Banner 14 Swedish Selecte'l 15 Improved American. 16 Golden Giant ....... 17 Buckbee's Illinois . . . 18 Olive Black 19 1 Golden Beauty 20Goldfinder 2llDani.sh Island 22|Golden Fleece 23jHol.stein Prolific 24 Kendal White 25 White Giant 26iColurabus 27lGolden Tartarian 28j American Beauty 29 Abundance 301 American Triumph. . . 31:StormKing 32 Wide Awake .33 Irish Victor 34; Kendal Black 35'Tartar King 36iMilford Black 37Milford White 38 Early Golden Prolific, 39; Scotch Potato 91) 9 99 99 lOi 100 98 .9 Co Inches. 40 to 45 41 „ 46 231 100 21 1 98 221 22 23 22 22 2i 26 26 28 23 28 23 26 23 28 23 24 29 28 23 29 23 24 23 28 23 2( 20 26 23 99 99 100 9! 99 101 103 103 105 100 105 100 103 100 105 100 101 106 105 100 100 100 101 100 105 100 103 103 103 100 42 „ 40 M 42 „ 40 M 40 „ 40 „ 40 „ 40 „ 42 „ 42 , 42 , 40 , 42 , 40 , 42 , 40 , 40 , 40 , 40 , 40 , 40 , 42 , 40 - 40 38 40 42 44 42 42 40 42 41 40 3S 42 40 46 44 46 45 44 46 44 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 45 45 44 45 45 44 , 47 , 43 , 45 , 42 , 45 ■ 46 , 48 , 47 ■ 46 , 44 , 40 , 45 , 46 , 42 , 46 , 44 Inches. 5 to i 6 M i 6 ,. i 6 „ ! 0 „ ! 6 M I 5 „ 1 5 n i 6 „ ' 5 M 6 6 6 6 7 8 6 6 5 6 5 5 6 Kind of Head. Branching. 8 9 8 9 11 Sided 8! Branching. 9lSided 7 8 7 Branching. 8 10 Sided 7 Branching. 7 10 Sided .... Branching Sided Branching. Sided Branching. Lbs. 5,000 4,800 4,840 5,400 4,680 4,680 5,400 4,520 5,040 4,680 4,720 4,600 4,800 4,600 4,600 3,320 3,040 3,480 4,280 3,040 3,400 4,040 3,800 3,240 3,320 2,.520 3,800 3,280 4,400 4,680 3,000 3,680 3,000 3,880 3,000 3,000 3,920 3,040 3.080 3 .£ pq ^J 92 32 90 20 85 30 83 18 82 12 80 0 80 0 78 28 77 22 77 2 70 16 75 .30 75 10 (DM - Sm ■ — 3 C Lbs, 74 72 Smutted. Slightly. 72 32 70 20 70 0 69 14i 67 2, 05 30 65 10 65 10 64 14 62 32 62 32 1 62 12 61 6 58 28 57 22 57 22 56 16 56 16 55 10 50 20 47 2 46 16 45 30 45 30 Badly. Slightly. 35i 34' 36i 34 33^^ 36i 344 34" 35 37 36 35 34^ 37i 33J 30A, 36' 30J 34 33 35 35 341 33i Si' 32 34i 33' 31 f 36 35 34 37 37^ 37? 37l 34 [Slightly. 33^ Badly. Badly. Slightly. Badly, REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 267 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH BARLEY. Eighteen varieties of six-rowed and fifteen varieties of two-rowed barley were sown in uniform plots on one-fortieth acre each, on May 16. The land was a clay loam that had been in clover hay the previous year (1904), in grain in 1903 and roots in 1902, for which crop barnyard manure at the rate of 20 one-horse cart loads per acre was used. No manure or fertilizer of any kind has been applied since. This land was ploughed in the autumn and a very light crop of aftermath turned under and was worked up in the spring with spring-tooth, disc and smoothing harrows, and sown with seed selected from the previous year's crop by cutting picked heads at harvest time. The grain was sown with the seed drill at the rate of 2 bushels per acre, and at the -S&\ne time there was also sown 7 lbs. Mammoth Red clover, 3 lbs. Alsike Clover and 12 ^"bs. Timothy seed per acre. The grain made rather slow growth for s'ime time, lut always retained a good healthy colour. Continued dry weather caused premature ripening. There was no rust, but some heads of smut. The following yields were obtained : — Six-rowed Barley — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Albert Brome Mensury Common Stella Empire Royal Summit 9 Champion 10 Argyle . . 11 Trooper . . . . 12 Rennie's Improved . ISOderbmch 14 Yale 15 Nugent . 16. Odessa 17|Claude 18 Mansfield Date of ripening Aug. 18 21 19 17 19 18 17 19 17 18 17 17 17 17 18 17 17 ^5 94 97 95 93 93 94 93 95 93 94 93 93 93 93 94 93 93 Inches. 19 95 38 to 37 M 38 „ 36 „ 36 „ 36 M 35 M 36 M 40 M 37 - 35 ., 33 „ 36 M 35 M 32 „ 36 „ 33 „ 37 M Cbaracter of Straw. Length of Head. Stiff. Medium . Stiff 42 42 42 41 40 40 38 40 44 Medium. 42 Stiff 38i „ 36,, ... . 40j Medium. 38;Stiff 35| „ 40] Medium. 36 Stiff.. .. 39| , Inches. 2i to 3 2" „ 2i 3 2h 2i 3 2i 2i 3 3 2h 2i 3 2i 2i 3 2 Weight of Straw. 4,000 4,120 4,040 3,240 3,880 3,480 4,000 3,000 4,020 2,920 3, 200 3,640 3,620 3,080 2,520 3,280 2,480 2,680 Yield per Acre. Lbs. Bush. lbs. 49 8 49 8 48 16 47 24 45 .. 41 32 39 8 38 36 38 16 37 24 34 28 34 28 34 8 33 16 31 32 31 12 31 12 30 40 Lbs. 52| 48 48 51 50| 51 51f 44 49i 51 50 50 50 49| 49 50 5U 268 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII Two-rowed Barley — Test of Varieties. A. 1906 Name of Variety. Date of ripening French Chevalier . . Beaver , Danish Chevalier . . Harvey ' Newton i Logan Jarvis 1 Gordon . 9, In vincible 10, Sidney 11 Dunham 12' Canadian Thorpe . . ISlCIifford 14 Swedish Chevalier. 15! Stand well . Aug. 10 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 21 18 19 21 19 21 21 SI 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 97 94 95 97 95 97 97 -CO Inches. 32 to 32 30 40 38 40 40 36 30 36 36 40 35 20 36 Character of Straw. Medium . Stiff ....'. Medium Stiff Length of Head. Inches. 3 to 4 2 „ 3| Weight Straw. Yield per Acre. Lbs. Bush. lbs. 3,880 3,200! 4,040 4,080 3,600 3,880 3,720 3,080 3, ICO 4,000 3.800 3,680 2,600 3,000 2,440 44 28 43 16 42 44 39 8 38 36 38 16 36 32 35 40 35 20 35 . . 34 28 34 8 33 16 25 20 25 .. ■tctB Lbs. 52^ 52* 53 51i 51 50 50| 50* 48" 52* 51* 51* 50* 50| 48* EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING WHEAT. Twenty-eight varieties of spring wheat were sown in plots one-fortieth acre each, on land that was a light sandy loam, and had been in clover hay the previous season, grain in 1903 and roots in 1902, for which crop 20 one-horse cart loads of stable manure was used. The land was ploughed in the autumn and a light crop of s-econd- growth clover turned under. This spring this was well worked up with spring tooth and smoothing harrows, and sown with the drill seeder May 13, at the rate of If bushels per acre, together with Mammoth Red Clover 7 lb., Alsike Clover 3 lb., and Timothy seed 12 lb. " Owing to the continued cold and wet weather this crop made rather a poor start and weeds made fairly good headway, which had a decided influence on the result. No rust was observ^ed but some smut was noticed. The following yields were obtained : — REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 269 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Spring Wheat — Test of Varieties. .a S Name of Variety. Date of Ripenin a II d O.S Character of Straw. Length of Head. Kind of Head. '5 Yield per Acre. Weight per mea- sured bushel after cleaning. 1 Pringle's Cham plain . . Monarch 1905. Aug. 25 „ 29 „ 25 M 25 „ 25 „ 28 „ 29 M 29 „ 25 M 30 „ 25 „ 29 „ 29 „ 3C M 29 ,, 31 M 29 „ 26 M 30 ,. 28 M 29 „ 26 M 30 „ 30 „ 31 ,- 25 „ 22 „ 25 • 104 • 108 104 • 104 ■ 104 ■ 107 • 108 • 108 ■ 104 • 109 104 • 108 • 108 • 109 • 108 • 110 • 108 • 105 • 109 • 107 • 108 ■ 105 • 109 109 • 110 • 104 . 101 . 104 Inches. 38-43 40-45 36-42 36-40 40-43 40-44 40-44 40-44 36-40 36-40 38-42 40-44 40-45 38-42 40-45 36-40 36-42 38-42 39-42 38-42 38-43 34-38 40-42 40-44 3&-40 36-40 .SO- 35 30-35 3tifif VIedium . . Weak ..'.' Inches. 2 -3i 2i-3| 2A-3i 2 "-2;^ 2 -3" m ?:? 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3^ 2h-^ 2"-3 21-4 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3 2 3 2 -3i 2 -3 2 -3h 2 -3" 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3 li-2 Bearded . . Beardless. Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . Beardless . Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . . Beardless . Bearded . . Beardless. Bearded . . Lbs. 4,120 3,480 3,720 3,580 3,880 3,640 3,080 3,600 2,880 2,920 3,400 3,800 3,200 3,920 3,860 2,400 2,520 2,800 2,280 2,560 2,.'J20 2,280 2,200 3,0S0 2,520 2,280 2,000 2,020 W ^A 35 .. 34 40 34 .. 32 .. 31 20 30 40 30 40 30 .. 29 .. 28 20 28 .. 27 40 27 20 27 .. 26 40 26 .. 26 .. 25 20 25 .. 24 40 24 .. 20 40 20 20 20 . 20 .. 18 .. 14 .. 13 20 6?k 6l| 3 4 5 Preston Bishop Colorado 63 62 63 6 7 8 9 10 11 Stanley McKendry's Fife Laurel Hungarian White Hayne's Blue Stem. . . Advance 61i 61 60 62 62 62 1? White Fife 62 1.S Clyde 61i 14 Power's Fife 62 15 16 17 18 19 Wellman's Fife Australian No. 9. . . . Countess Dawn Weldon 61 59^ 61 61| 61 20 21 Red Fife White Russian Red Fern 60i 59i 62| 23 Q4 Minne.sota No. Vj?> . . . Percy 60| 60| 25 Chester Huron 6]| 61 ''T Early Riga 62 28 Herisson Bearded 63 EXPERIMENTS WITH MACARONI WHEAT. Four varieties of Macaroni wheat were grown in plots of one-fortieth acre each, alongside of the other wheat plots. The land was similar in character and received the same treatment as in the wheat plots and was sown at the same time (May 13). These varieties are separated from the other wheats on account of their inferior mill- ing qualities. The following are the yields obtained : — Macaroni Wheat — Test of Varieties. 60 a ^-6 i Date Character Length Kind m Yield u Name of Variety. of O d of of of per *^-a ^ Ripening. If Straw. Head. Head. .bp 'S Acre. Weigh sure afte X. 1905. Inches. Inches. Lbs. m 1-^ Lbs. 1 Roumanian Aug. 30.. 109 38-42 Medium. . 2 -2^ Beaided . . 2,280 22 .. 623 2.Goose M 29.. 108 34-40 II H-2 II 1,720 17 20 63 3 Yellow Gharnovka. . . „ 29.. 108 35-41 1^,-2 2,320 16 40 62i 4 .. 29.. 108 35-38 II 2 -2i " 1,800 14 .. 62| EXPERIMENTS WITH EMMER AND SPELT. Two varieties each of Emmer and Spelt were sown May 13 in plots of one-fortieth acre each. The land was similar to that on which the other wheats were, sown and re- ceived the same treatment. The yield from these plots is given in pounds, as with the 270 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 ordinary threshing the chaff is not separated from the kernels as in other grain and cannot well be compared with the other sorts which are threshed clean. Emmer and Spelt — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. IRed Spelt , 2| White Spelt .... 31 Red Emmer. . . . 4 Common Emmer ti r. C >-■ b Date of Ripening. o ^ 1905. Sept. 2.. 112 2.. 112 Aug. 31.. 110 M 31.. 108 h^l- Inches. 38-43 34-41 35-40 32-38 Character of Straw. Stiff, Length of Head. Inches. 2 -3 2 -4 2 -3 U-2 Kind Weight of of Head. Straw. Lbs. Beardless. 3, GOO ti 3,000 Bearded . . 2,200 " 2,400 Yield per Acre. . Lbs. 2,440 2,3G0 1,120 2,400 EXPERIMENTS WITH FIELD PEASE. Thirty varieties of pease were sown in uniform plots of one-fortieth acre each, on a clay loam. This was in a poor state of fertility, having been in pasture for many years and no fertilizer having been applied for at least ten years. The land was ploughed in the fall and worked up this spring with disc and s'pring-tooth harrows, and sown with the drill seeder at the rate of from 2 to 3 bushels per acre, Mammoth Eed clover being sown at the same time at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre. The following yields per acre was obtained: — Pease — Test of Varieties. 1 Name of Variety. Date of Ripen- ing. Number of Days Matur- ing. Character of Growth. Length of Straw. Length of Pod. Size of Pea. 1 Yield 1 per Acre. Weight per Bushrl. 1 Sept. 9 9 „ 14 „ 11 2 2 „ 11 „ 13 „ 12 M 11 „ 12 2 9 M 11 ,- n G ,. 11 „ 11 n 14 2 M 11 „ 14 M 11 9 M 12 „ 13 „ 11 6 ,. 14 u 12 109 109 114 111 102 102 111 113 102 111 112 102 109 111 111 lOG 111 111 114 102 111 114 111 109 112 113 111 lOG 114 112 Medium. . Good ... . Medium. . Good ..... Medium . . Good....! Medium. . Good...!; IMedium, . Good Medium . . Good Medium. . Good Inches. 36-40 30-40 37-42 36-42 30-35 30-3G 36^2 34-38 29-33 34-38 35-40 28-32 33-37 33-37 34-35 34-38 34-40 35-40 38-42 30-36 34-38 30-34 36-41 33-38 35-44 34-38 36-40 33-3G 38-43 36-40 Inches. 2-3 14-2 li-2 2'-3 2 -2h 1 -2 2 -2i U-2' n-3 U-2 1^2 Medium. Large . . . Medium. Large . . . Sriiall '. '. '. Medium. .Small . . . Medium. Small . . . Bush. Lbs. 39 20 3S .. 37 20 35 40 34 20 34 .. 34 .. 32 .. 31 40 31 2) 31 .. 30 40 30 .. 30 .. 28 20 28 .. 26 40 26 40 26 20 26 .. 26 .. 25 40 25 20 24 40 24 40 24 20 24 .. 24 .. 19 20 15 20 Lbs. 63i 0 Nelson 63i 3 4 IS English Gray Wliite Marrowfat G3| 63 (\ White Wonder G3i 7 8 q Black Eye Marrowfat. . . Duke 62 62 64 10 11 l** Ficton . • Prince Albert 63^ 13 14 Daniel O'Rourke 64 63 15 Pride l|-2 iMedium. n-2h 1 .. . 2 -2* 1 „ . 63 IG 17 German White Caflet'jn 63i 63i 18 19 20 21 22 2*^ Gregory Mackay Crown - Wisconsin Blue Pearl K;ent 2 -3" U-2 2 -2| 2 -2h li-2- 2 -3 2 -2^ 2 -2| 2 -3 2 -2i 2 -2h Large . . . Small . . . Medium . Large . . . Small . . . Large . . . Medium . Large . . . 62^ 63 64 641 62 63 24 25 Prussian Blue Agnes 63 62i 63 27 Prince ... 62 62 29 30 Macoun 623 62 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 271 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH BUCKWHEAT. Five varieties of buckwheat were sown in uniform test plots of one-fortieth acre each. They were sown June 20, and cut September 1 and 2. The land was a clay loam that had been in clover and timothy the previous season. This land had received a dressing of barnyard manure in 1902, when a crop of roots was grown. No fer- tilizer of any kind was used since. The sod was ploughed in the fall of 1904 and worked up well this spring. The following yields were obtained : — Buckwheat. Name of Variety. Date of Sowing'. 1 Siberian or Tartarian. 2 Kye Buckwheat 3 Gray Buckwheat 4 Japanese 5 Silverhnll Date of Ripening. Sept. 4^ Length of Straw. Inches. 28-32 36-40 32-36 36-42 32-36 Character of Straw. ; Stiff. Yield per Acre. W 43 37 32 25 24 Weight per Bushel. Lbs. 50 51 48 43 50 FIELD CEOPS OF GRAIN. Seventeen acres of field grain was grown. Ten acres of which was in plots of two acres each, the remrdning seven acres in one lot. The land was a clay loam, the pre- vious crop having been roots and corn, for which crop barnyard manure at the rate of 20 tons per acre was used. The plots ran crosswise of the field, the roots and com plots having been rim lengthwise of the field the previous year, consequently each grain plot was on the like amount of root and c. 20 M slag 500 I i. II 20 M no otlier fertilizer Cost per acre of 509 lbs. bone at .?.30 per ton $7 50 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 7 bush, at 6c 0 42 Loss per acre $7 92 Cost per acre of .500 lbs. slag at $21 per ton 5 25 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 24 bush, at 6c. . 1 44 Loss per acre . . §3 81 Kangaroo — (Pulled October 31). J acre — Manure 20 tons, fertilizer intense 500 lbs. per acre. i M „ 20 „ slag 500 M ^ II M 20 II no other" fertilizer Cost per acre of 500 lbs. intense fertilizer at S35 per ton $8 75 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 23 bush, at 6c. . 1 38 Loss per acre 67 37 Cost per acre of 500 lbs. slag at $21 per ton 5 25 Value per acreof gain in crop over manure only 21^ bush, at 6c. . 1 29 Loss per acre , $3 97 Best of All— {PuWed November 1). J acre — Manure 20 tons, fertilizer intense 500 lbs. per acre 4 ,1 I. 20 11 II 250 I, I II II 20 II no other fertilizer .. Cost per acre of 500 lbs. intense fertilizer at §35 per ton §8 75 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 42 bush, at 6c. . 2 52 Loss per acre 66 23 Cost per acre of 250 lbs. intense fertilizer at .S35 per ton 4 38 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 58 bush, at 6c. . 3 48 Loss per acre 60 90 Hartley's Bronze Top — (Pulled November 2). ^ acre — Manure 20 tons, fertilizer intense 500 lbs. per acre I II II 20 M I, II 250 II ^ II II 20 II no other fertilizer Cost per acre of 500 lbs. intense fertilizer at 635 per ton $8 75 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 54 bush, at 6c. . 3 24 Loss per acre §5 51 Cost per acre of 250 lbs. intense fertilizer at 635 per ton 4 38 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 58 bush, at 6c. . 3 48 Loss per acre 60 90 Magnum Bonum — (Pulled October 28). i acre — Manure 20 tons, bone 500 lbs. per acre i II ,1 20 II ashes 500 ,i a I' " 20 II no other fertilizer Cost per acre of 500 lbs. bone at 630 per ton $7 50 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 5^ bush, at 6c. . 0 33 Loss per acre $7 17 jE'7ftprcss— (Pulled October 23). 1 acre — Manure 20 tons ■. Yield per Acre. Yield per Acre. Tons. Lbs. 24 25 24 660 520 1,080 24 570 809 30 24 480 808 23 1,190 786 30 20 1,580 20 926 19 1,030 24 1,440 824 24 1,710 823 23 200 770 19 1,600 Bush. Lbs, 811 842 818 693 682 6 650 30 30 21 1,320 720 21 990 716 30 21 870 714 30 660 278 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 EXPERIMENTS WITH MANGELS. Seventeen varieties of mangels were sown in uniform test plots. The land was a clay loam manured in 1900 for roots, followed by grain in 1901, clover and timothy in 1902, grain again in 1903, and clover hay in 1904. It was ploughed early last fall, and a light coat of aftermath turned under, it was cultivated twice before winter and again in the spring. Barnyard manure was then spread with the manure spreader at the rate of 20 tons per acre; and ploughed under and again cultivated thoroughly. Com- plete fertilizer at the rate of 500 lbs. i)er acre was then sown broadcast and harrowed in with the smoothing harrow. Rows were made 24 inches apart, rolled down and sown with the Planet Jr. hand seed drill, in bunches, 12 inches apart in the row and from 4 to 8 seeds in a bunch. When about 3 to 4 inches high they were thinned out, leaving one plant in each spot. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first sowing was on May 25 and the second on June 8. The mangels were all pulled on October 12. The yield was calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from two rows each 66 feet long. The following were the yields obtained : — Name of Variety. Mammoth Yellow Intermediate Half Long Sugar White Prize Mammoth Long Red. . . Lion Yellow Intermediate Giant Yellow Intermediate Giant Yellow Globe . Selected Yellow Globe Yellow Intermediate Prize Winner Yellow Globe.. . . Half Long Sugar Rosy Selected Mammoth Long Red . . Triumph Yellow Globe Ideal Leviathan Long Red Mammoth Long Red Giant Sugar Gate Post Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 31 31 31 1,992 1,088 77C 30 30 1,104 648 29 28 28 1,888 1,000 392 27 27 27 1,032 1,328 410 26 896 25 8 24 1,704 24 1,400 24 32 23 1,272 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Bush. Lbs . 1,066 1,001 1,046 1,018 1,010 998 950 939 927 922 900 881 833 828 823 800 787 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. 26 744 21 256 21 104 19 1,824 23 360 25 8 25 920 19 730 19 1,970 20 260 18 1,544 21 1,016 21 560 15 1,920 18 1,S48 17 352 16 72 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs Bush. Lbs. 879 704 701 603 772 833 848 040 660 671 625 710 709 532 630 .572 534 4 10 44 44 40 28 40 io 20 44 50 2iJ 48 32 32 EIELD CROPS OF MANGELS. Two and a half acres of mangels were gTown in two lots of one acre each, and one lot of one-half acre. Three varieties were used. Yellow Globe, Yellow Intermediate and Mammoth Long Red. The land was a clay loam, in a good state of fertility. The previous crop was clover hay. The sod was ploughed in the early fall and worked up twice with the spade harrow. In the spring it was again well worked up, after which barnyard manure was spread on with the manure spreader at the rate of 20 tons per acre, and ploughed under; this was then well worked up. To one-third of each acre was added commercial fertilizer at the rate of 500 lbs. per acre, to another third at the rate of 250 lbs. per acre, and one-third left with manure alone. The mangels were sown in drills 26 inches apart. They were sown June 1, and harvested October 10 to 14. The following yield was obtained: — REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 279 Name of Variety, how Fertilized, Size of Plot, Date Pulled. Yellow Intermediate — (Pulled October 13). ^ acre, manure 20 tons, fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre . i „ M 250 „ I II II no other fertilizer Cost per acre of 500 lbs. fertilizer at S30 per ton $7 50 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 27 bush, at 6cts , 162 Loss per acre S9 12 Cost per acre of 250 lbs fertilizer at $30 per ton §3 75 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 56 bush, at 6cts 3 36 Loss per acre Yclloiv Globe— (VuWed October 10). $0 39 acre, manure 20 tons fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre . 250 II II no other fertilizer Cost per acre of .500 lbs. fertilizer at $30 per ton $7 50 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 572 bush, at 6cts 3 45 Loss per acre $4 05 Cost per acre of 250 lbs. fertilizer at $30 per ton . . $3 75 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 13f bush, at Gets $0 83 Loss per acre $2 92 Mamraoth Long Red — (Pulled October 14). \ acre, manure 20 tons, fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre jt^ II II 20 tons, no other fertilizer Cf'st per acre of 500 lbs. fertilizer at $30 per ton $7 50 Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 49^ bush, at 6cts 2 9G Loss per acre $4 54 Yield per Acre. Tons. Lbs. 21 24 22 1,200 180 820 20 19 1,360 400 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 720 803 747 22 700 745 21 75 701 15 20 1,250 687 30 689 640 20 EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS. Eight varieties of sugar beets were sown. The land was similar to that on which the mangels and turnips were sown, and it received the same treatment. Two sowings were made of each sort, the first on May 25 and the second on June 8. The seed was sown in rows 24 inches apart, in bunches 12 inches apart in the rows. When the plants were about 3 to 4 inches high the bunches were thinned out to one plant in each place. The whole crop was harvested October 13, and the yield calculated from the weight obtained from two rows each 66 feet long. 280 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Red Top Sugar Danish Red Top .... Royal Giant Im])roved Imperial. Danish Improved. . . . Wanzleben Vilmorin's Improved French Very Rich. . . Yield per Acre. 1st VU)t. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. Yield ))er Acre. 1st riot. 28 1,912 2H 1,000 27 1,176 24 336 23 824 16 1,592 16 1,440 14 120 965 950 919 805 780 559 557 468 Yield per Acre. 2nd riot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 19 912 15 1,464 15 1,592 17 960 19 304 12 168 12 1,232 11 344 648 520 559 582 638 402 420 372 32 24 52 40 24 48 32 24 EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS. Ten varieties of carrots were under test. Two sowings were made of eacli sort, tht first on May 25 and the second on June 8, in rows 24 inches apart, and thinned to about 3 inches apart in the rows. The ground was similar to that used for the turnip and mangel plots, and received the same treatment. The crop was pulled October 17. The yield was calculated from the weight of roots talven from two rows each 66 feet long. The following table gives the yield per acre obtained: — Carrots — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. I Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 1 Improved Short White ... . . 2 New White Intermediate .S Giant White Vosges 4 Mammoth Wliite Intermediate. 5; Carter's Orange Giant 6;White Belgian ZiOntario Champion 8 Long Yellow Stump-rooted . . . , 9!Early Gem 10, Half Long Chantenay 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 17 304 0 1,544 1,392 1,240 784 24 808 504 200 G38 633 625 623 620 613 600 580 575 570 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Y'ield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 12 1,683 12 320 11 1,712 12 1,080 344 1,864 344 800 1,736 40 42S 405 395 418 372 397 372 3S0 362 307 S 20 12 24 44 24 16 20 EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES. Eorty-one varieties of potatoes were under test this year. The land w.as a clay loam on which potatoes had been grown last year (1904), for which crop 20 one-horse cart loads of barnyard manure had been spread on the previous autumn and ploughed under, together with a fairly good growth of clover. Last fall this land was left without ploughing after the potatoes were dug. This spring it was worked up well with spring- tooth and spade harrow; ploughed and again worked up well. Rows were run 30 inches apart and from 3 to 4 inches deep. Potato fertilizer at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre was spread in the rows before planting. The sets were planted one foot apart in the REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 281 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 rows and covered with the drill plough. The tubers were cut so as to have from two to three eyes in each set. The drills were harrowed down before the plants came up, to kill the weeds, and again drilled up a few days later. The cultivator was run between the rows about once a week until the vines were quite large. The field was hoed once by hand. These plots were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green three times. There was no blight noticeable and no rot, but a considerable quantity of scab was observed, more than has been seen here for many years. The potatoes were planted May 31, and dug October 3 and 4. Each plot was two rows 66 feet long and 30 inches wide. The following yields were obtained : — Potatoes — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Vermont Gold Coin . . Morgan Seedling Holbom Abundance V^ick's Extra Early [. X. L Dooley Empire State American Wonder Money Maker Late Puritan Carman No. 1 Delaware Early Elkinah Enormous Rose No. 9 Early White Prize Pearce Pingree Swiss Snowflake Country Gentleman . . . . Rochester Rose Penn Manor State of Maine Canadian Beauty Carman No. 3 Irish Cobler American Giant Maiile's Thoroughbred.. Seedling No. 7 Sabean's Elephant Burcaby Mammoth . . . . Uncle Sam Everett Cambridge Russet Dreer's Standard Bovee Early Rose Early St. George Early Envoy Reeve's Rose Early Andes Qualit}'. Good. Medium . Good Medium . Good.... Medium . Good...! Medium . Good. ■ Medium. Good. Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 512 36 484 0 477 24 424 36 41H 0 413 36 407 0 407 387 360 48 354 12 352 0 352 0 345 24 345 24 345 24 338 48 330 0 327 48 327 48 325 36 325 36 321 12 319 0 319 0 308 0 301 21 301 24 288 12 275 0 272 48 270 36 2G8 24 2GG 12 264 0 257 24 244 12 233 12 233 12 222 12 217 48 Yield per Acre of Market- able. Bush. Lbs. 444 24 413 36 396 0 374 0 363 0 380 36 347 36 341 0 330 0 303 36 297 0 292 36 281 36 305 48 299 42 272 48 270 36 272 48 253 0 237 36 268 24 253 0 272 48 264 0 244 12 248 36 235 24 224 24 222 12 209 0 213 24 209 0 211 12 182 36 182 36 184 48 178 12 167 12 138 36 162 48 151 48 Yield per Acre of Ui^market- able. Bush Lbs. 68 12 70 24 81 34 50 36 55 0 33 0 59 24 66 0 57 12 57 12 57 12 59 24 70 24 39 36 46 12 72 36 68 12 57 12 74 48 90 12 57 12 72 36 48 24 55 0 74 48 59 24 Form and Colour. 66 77 66 66 66 66 94 59 24 61 36 57 12 83 36 81 24 72 36 59 24 66 0 Round, flat, white. Oblong, pink and white. Round, white. Long, pink and white. Round It Long, round, white. II II II white. II pink and white. Round, white. Oblong, pink. Round, white. M dark pink. Long, white. Oblong, pink and white. II white. Round II II pink and white. Oblong, dark pink. Long, pink. Round, flat, white. Long, pink and white. Round, white. Round, dark pink. Oblong, pink. II dark pink. II white. II pink and white. Round, white. II flat, white. Oblong, white. Round II Oblong, pink and white. Long, pink. Oblong, pink. Round, pink. EXPERIMENTS IN INOCULATING CLOVER AND ALFALFA. These experiments were carried on with seed treated and supplied from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Two half-acre plots were used for the Red clover and two for the Alfalfa, the seed for one plot in each case being treated with the culture of 282 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 bacteria, the other untreated. The land was in a poor state of fertility and supposed to be deficient in clover bacteria, as practically no clover had been grown on this land for quite a few years. For this reason this piece was selected, the claim being made that the effect of the treatment would be more clearly manifest where these bacteria were most deficient. Careful notes' were taken from time to time but there was no perceptible difference between the plots sown with treated and untreated seed. A care- ful examination of the roots was also made and with the same results, the clover in each case having many more nodules than were found on the alfalfa. A similar experiment was carried on in plots of one-twentieth of an acre each, on a piece of land in a good state of fertility, that had grown a crop of beans the previ- ous year, with similar results. At present there is a good stand of both clover and alf aKa on this piece of land and it is being left without any other cover for the winter. EXPERIMENTS WITH ALEALFA. (Repeated from report of 1901^.) A one-fortieth acre plot of alfalfa was sown early in June, 1902, with barley as a nurse crop. The nurse crop was cut early in August. The plants only made fair growth and during the following winter were killed out excepting a few plants. These made very poor growth during the season of 1903, and now only two weak plants remain. In 1903 a similar plot was sown early in June, wheat being used as a nurse crop, which was left uncut and allowed to remain as a protection during the winter. The alfalfa plants made a good start and nearly all came through the winter, but made very poor growth this season. A few plants of Red -clover that happened by chance to get into this plot lived through the winlter and made exceptionally good growth. This plot was cut twice through the summer, at which times the alfalfa was only from 4 to 6 inches high, while the few plants of Red clover in this plot were at least three times that height. The soil of these two plots was a heavy clay, underdrained, in a fair state of fertility and was well cultivated before sowing. This season a plot of one-tenth acre of alfalfa was sown. The soil was a heavy clay, underdrained, and in a good state of fertility. This land was ploughed May 13 and well worked up. It was again worked May 29, June 20 and 29 with the spring- tooth and smoothing harrows. On July 7 this ground was again 'worked with the spade, spring-tooth and smoothing harrows, and alfalfa sown at the rate of 25 lbs. per acre with the grain seed drill. One-half of the plot was sown with wheat at the rate of 2 bushels per acre as a nurse crop, and the other half with alfalfa alone. The alfalfa on the plot without a nurse crop made a much more satisfa.Gtory growth than that with the nurse crop, and was much better. than that of any former year. On October 20 the growth of that sown alone averaged 10 to 12 inches, and ,that with the nurse crop averaged only 5 to 7 inches. The.^nurse crop, which made ,a growth^ k)i about 24 inches, was allowed to remain as a protection throughout the winter. This spring (1905) what remained of the nurse crop was removed. No particular difference was observed in the amount killed out either on that protected by the nurse crop or that lanprotected, both growing fairly well in the early part of the season, that sown without the nurse crop being always considerably the best. On June 29, one one-hundredth of an acre of the best part of that which had no nurse crop was cut and weighed green, weighing 125 lbs., this being at the rate of 6^ tons per acre, the remainder being too light to admit of being cut. An equal measure of clover cut from an adjoining field that had been sown about the same time the previous summ.er, gave 236 lbs., as against 125 lbs. of alfalfa. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 283 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPEEIMEI^T WITH BEANS. Three varieties of beans were sown with a view to test their relative value as a fodder plant: Common Soja beans, early Soja beans and Velvet beans. The Velvet beans did not come up, and seemed to rot in the ground. The following was the yield of the others from plots of one-thirtieth of an acre: — Variety. Yield per acre. Soja beans (green) 1,035 lbs. Soja beans (white) 475 " Velvet beans (did not come up). EXPERIMENTS WITH MILLET. Six varieties of millet were grown in plots of one-fortieth acre each. The land was a heavy clay loam in a rather poor state of fertility, not having had any manure for some years. The ground was ploughed in the fall and well worked up in the spring, and sown June 17. The crop was cut September 22. The following is the yield per acre cut green : — Yield per acre. Variety. Tons. Lbs. Italian 10 2S0 Algerian G 1,200 Green California 4 1,680 Moha Hungarian 3 680 White Eound French 3 200 Pearl or Cat Tail 1 600 CLOVEE EXPEEIMENTS. Experiments were again conducted for the purpose of indicating the gain, if any, from clover grown with grain crops and ploughed under as a fertilizer. These experi- ments have been conducted on the same land for the same three years. No fertilizer except the clover has been used. The soil was a clay loam, in a fair state of fertility. Twelve plots of one- fortieth acre each were used in this experiment, four plots each of oats, wheat and barley. In two of each (six in all) Mammoth Eed clover was sown with the grain at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre. On the other six plots, no clover was sown. The plots sown with clover were the same as had been sown with clover in the previous years. The ground was ploughed in the spring and sown May 27. The following yields were obtained : — 281 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 CLOVER EXPERIMENTS. Name of Variety and how Seeded. Yield per acre. Wellmans Fife Wheat. Bus. Lbs. Xo. 1 Without clover 34 20 No. 2 With clover -^ 40 No. 3 Without clover 39 No. 4 With clover 41 40 Pioneer Oats. No. 1 Without clover 41 6 No. 2 With clover 55 10 No. 3 Without clover 60 No. 4 With clover 60 29 Odessa Barley. No. 1 Without clover "2 34 No. 2 With clover 37 44 No. 3 Without clover 38 26 No. 4 With clover 42 44 SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS. Experiments with fertilizers of different kinds were co^ritinued for five years pre- vious to 1904, it was then decided that further fertilizing of these plots should be dis- continiied for a time, and the land seeded to grain to determine to what extent the fertilizers already applied would continue to supply plant food for the crop. The field was seeded entirely to grain of different sorts. Two plots of each kind w.as sown. In one Mammoth Red clover was sown with grain, at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre, and in the other the grain was sown alone, not seeded. This is the second year that this has been done. The plots were one-eighth of an acre each. This ground was ploughed in the fall of 1904, the growth of clover was light owing to the particularly dry summer. The following yields were obtained from these plots : — Fertilizers used each year per acre, previous to 1904. 1. Manure, 30 tons 76 2. Manure, 15 tons, fertilizer, 250 lbs 79 3. Complete fertilizer, 1,000 lbs. . . . !58 4. „ 500 lbs |61 5. Check. No fertilizer used 01 6. Bone meal, 1,000 lbs 07 ^O ^^ o 500 lbs 8. Ashes, 2,500 lbs 9. Manure, rotted, 20 tons 10. Check. No fertilizer used. 11. Land plaster, 500 lbs 12. Salt, 500 lbs 13. Ma'-sh mud, 100 tons 14. Manure, green, 20 tons . . . . 26 03 22 03 28 70 17 73 ..79 8.38 6 44 30 50 22,64 3075 2 141 12i43 30.33 22 36 8 26 8 37 20 36 18 39 14 40 15 15 27 30 41 24 ^O ^5 SI 3 40 54 .. 56 10 47 40 45 20 50 40.38 ..39 ..52 ..'48 50 33 30 25 40 34 20 51 ..57 8l59 12 60 44 36 1-5 18i51 40 26 28 4i56 46 46 16,28 ..29 18,39 241 1454 X: ' 3 1053 ..J60 30;50 20:56 ..50 ..62 20,55 30 60 10,65 20 37 40 52 55 60 20 W -Ji J2 3 30 37 36 40 33 26 31 30 35 30 11 21 22 23 27 .c I 3 .:: h^ = |J 30 41 40 40,.S9 10 ..40 50 20 '25 50 40 23 20 40i30 . . 5031 40 ..130 .50 . . !25 . . 40,10 50 40 18 20 30 20 . . 20 21 40 3028 20 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 285 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 HAY CROP. The crop of clover and timothy on the upland was particularly good this season. Twenty-three acres yielded 57 tons, 1,340 lbs. The hay on the marsh, owing to the breaking of dykes in this locality for the past two autumns, and the repeated overflowing of the land with salt water, was a par- ticularly poor crop, and is likely to be so each year until the land can be reseeded with clover and timothy. Forty-nine acres yielded 64 tons, 50 lbs. The total hay crop was 121 tons, 1,390 lbs. Summary of crops grown exclusive of uniform test plots of grain and potatoes. Hay. Tons. Lbs. Marsh, hay 64 50 Upland hay. 57 1,340 121 1,390 Grain. ■ • Bush. Lbs. Lbs. Mixed grain 1,007 30 40,310 Oats. 364 20 12,396 Barley 102 15 4,911 Wheat 20 43 1,243 58,860 Roots. Tons. Lbs. Turnips (field .crop) 204 674 Turnips (test plots 8 1,540 213 214 Mangels (field crop) 54 15 Mangels (test plots) 5 660 59 675 Corn. Corn (field crop) 60 507 Corn (test plots) 8 160 68 667 SUMMAEY OF FEED FSED. Summary of feeds used in connection with stock on farms, July 1, 1904, to June 30, 1905. Hay. Grain or Meal. Com and Roots. Grown on farm Lbs. 186,095 144,365 Lbs. 27,893 142,000 7,000 Lbs. 579,377 On hand July 1, 1904 Total 330, 4C0 176,893 579,377 286 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 The meal consumed consist-ed of oats, 40,1T2 lbs.; mixcid grain (oats, pease an^ barley), 17,327 lbs.; gluten meal, 30,000 lbs.; oil cake, 4,000 lbs.; cornmeal, 6,000 lbs. ; bran, 30,000 lbs. ; middlings, 38,000 lbs. ; buckwheat, 3,072 lbs. ; barley, 1,322 lbs. ; on hand July 1, 1904, 7,000 lbs.; total, 176,893. DISPOSITION OF FEEDS. Disposition of feed harvested and purchased for use of live stock on farm, July 1, 1904, to June 30, 1905 :— Class Fed. 8 horses. • 24 steers 10 young steers 21 cows (summer, 5 months) 22 cows (winter, 7 months) 2.S dry cows, bulls and young stock Poultry 20 sheep 40 swine Seed Total account Amount harvested Shrinkage Grain or Meal. Lbs. 40,880 26,160 3,550 7,875 41,580 15,750 2,000 3,600 21,000 7,000 169,305 176,8.-3 7,4i)8 Corn or Roots. Lbs. 202,400 54,100 9,029 184,800 66,590 2.400 1,000 520,319 579,377 59,058 Hay. Grain or Meal. Lbs. 58,400 Weighed 63,360 11,290 15,750 55,440 89,250 7,200 300,690 330,460 29,770 Com or Hoots. Weighed Estimated . Weighed . . Estimated . Weighed . . Hay. Weighed. GRAIN AND POTATO DISTRIBUTION. Some of the most promising varieties of grain and potatoes were again distributed for test to farmers who made application. The following number of 3 lb. bags were sent out: — Oats. 167 Barley 89 Wheat 69 Pease '.••... 41 Buckwheat 23 Potatoes 280 Total 669 HORSES. There are at present on the farm eight horses, consisting of six heavy team horses, one express horse and one driver. There have been no changes during the year. One horse is now 23 years old, and although in good condition, will likely have to be re- placed shortly. The health and condition of the horses has been good throughout the year. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 CATTLE. The stock of cattle on the farm at present consists of 71 head, as follows : — Guernseys , 5 Ayrshires 14 Holsteins 7 Grade females 27 Steers, 1 year 10 Steer calves 8 EXPERIMENTS WITH DAIRY COWS. This experiment was carried on as in former years, to further determine the pro- fit or loss of a fairly good dairy herd, well fed and ,cared for, with the feeds consumed (iharged at current market prices, and receiving credit for milk produced, the value of which being established by the price received at the creamery during the season. The different feeds were charged at the following prices : — Hay, $8 per ton (average price for last few years) ; roots, $2 per ton; ensilage, $2 per ton; wheat bran, $19.5^ ])er ton; gluten meal, $27 per ton; oil cake, $34 per ton; mixed grain (oats, pease and barley) , $24 per ton ; making an average price of mixed meal ration, as per propor- tion fed to cows, of l^c. per lb. The ration fed to cows in full milk was : ensilage or roots, 50 lbs.; meal, 9 lbs.; hay, 12 lbs.; making a cost of 20ic. per cow per day. In summer months, while milking they were charged $2.50 per month for sum- mer feed as hereinafter explained, and when dry $1 per month. Different quantities were fed to different cows, according to their capacity to consume or produce, or period of lactation, and charged accordingly. When dry in winter they were charged $1 per month. From early fall until June they were kept in the stable, except on occasional fine days, when they were allowed out in the yard. From June 1 to October, they were put out in the field the greater part of the time, night and day, but kept in during cold or wet weather. They were fed, watered and milked each day, at as nearly regular int3rval,s as possible. The summer feed was practically all summer soiling crop, rye, clover or oats, pease and vetches grown together and sown at different times. After July 15 they were fed some hay, and after August 15 some green corn. The milk of each cow was weighed at railking twice each day, and a careful re- cord kept of the number of pounds given. The percentage of fat in the milk of each cow was determined by the Babcock milk tester, at the average of various tests taken throughout the year, and the fat, credited to the cow, on the basis that 85 pounds of fat produces 100 pounds of marketable butter. The milk was sent to the Nappan dairy station until April 30, and the cows were credited with the butter produced at the jprices paid to all patrons of that station, which averaged for the winter months 19 cents per lb. after deducting 4 cents per lb. for manufacturing and hauling milk. After this date the milk was separated at the stable, and the cream sent for a short time to the Maritime Dairy Co., Sussex, N.B., and the price credited, 22J cents par lb., being the average price received by this creamery for the summer months, after deducting 1^ cents per lb., being the price charged for manufacturing. The skim milk was credited to the cows at the rate of 15 cents per hundred pounds. Twenty-two cows were in milk during the past season. 288 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS The following will show the results obtained : — 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Name. Corie Curly ...... Rae Lida Rooker Ilda Rooker. Lizzie Eva Rooker Rex's Maud Sylva. ...... Stella .Jebse Mossy Maggie Minnie . ... Sarah Flora Nora Winnie . ... Helen Polly.. Beatrice .... Mamie Affe. 8yrs. 6 M 4^ .. 5 „ 6 „ 4in 10 „ 10 u 2h« 2i M 2| M 6" „ U .. 2S-, H M 5 M 3| M 4h M 2l M 2h M 6 M 2i„ Breed. Ay. Grade . . . Ay. G. Grade. Holstein , Ay. G. Grade. Holstein Guernsey Ay. Grade . . . . Jer. Grade Ay. Grade. Ayrshire . . Ay. G. Grade. Ay. Grade . . . . Ayrshire Date of dropping last calf. Apl. 3, Feb. 15, Jan. 15, Mar. 25, 1, Feb. 10, Jan. 1, Dec. 30, Mar. 1, Feb. 14, Jan. 1, Feb. 1, Jan. 15, Feb. 1, 1, Sep. 30, Feb. 1, Jan. 15, Feb. 10, „ 1, Sep. 21, Aug. 1, 300 285 285 290 300 2G0 300 240 270 285 270 270 270 300 300 300 270 285 25)0 270 210 120 7,200 6,400 6,100 6,990 6,800 5,300 7,300 5,300 4,500 4,800 .5.500 5,100 5,900 5,040 5,380 5,500 5,210 5,.540 5,500 4,920 5,100 3,250 p. c. h' © ■^ M Lbs. 338 82 308 70 315 76 296 04 288 00 268 11 283 41 293 05 243 52 248 47 265 29 252 00 263 76 243 10 253 17 265 29 245 17 247 67 220 00 225 74 216 00 130 00 o cts. § cts. 79 47 72 25 71 62 70 14 69 08 60 93 66 30 62 68 56 49 57 59 00 58 86 60 63 56 90 57 91 58 99 .56 08 56 93 52 44 51 76 46 14 32 50 $ cts. 49 40 47 54 47 SI 46 50 47 54 43 37 49 10 47 72 41 98 43 3' 44 GO 44 78 47 81 44 78 46 22 48 74 46 22 47 81 43 37 44 78 43 50 32 00 •S cts. 30 07 24 71 23 81 23 64 21 .54 17 56 17 20 14 96 14 51 14 43 14 40 14 08 12 82 12 12 11 69 10 25 9 86 9 12 9 07 6 98 2 64 0 50 EXPERIMENTS WITH STEERS. ExPERiMEXT I. — Fed in Stalls vs. Fed in Loose Box. Sixteen steers were used for this test, in two lots of eight each, termed lot I. and lot II., containing four 2i year old, and four 3i year old steers in each lot. Lot I. were placed in loose boxes, and lot II. were tied up, and were, as nearly as possible, equal in form, features and weight (shorthorn grades). The weights given are the weights taken after a fast of fourteen hours, that is, from 7 p.m. to 9 a.m the following morning. Both lots were fed alike from start to finish of this test. They were kept in the stable all the time, except on occasional fine days, when they were let out for a time, averaging not more than once a week. The feeds were charged at the following prices : — Hay, $8 per ton (average price for last 5 years); roots, $2 per ton; ensilage, $2 per ton; wheat bran, $19.50 per ton; gluten meal, $27 per ton; oil cake, Jp34- per ton; mixed grain (oats, pease and barley), $24 per ton; making an average cost of meal ration of 1* cents per lb. as per propor- tion fed. The steers were all dehorned immediately after beginning of the test, with a key- stone clipi>er. No bad effects were noticed. As a result of the decrease in weight from this operation, a very slight increase was obtained up to December 1, showing that an average of two weeks was required to regain this loss. The result of this experiment again shows slightly more gain for those fed in loose box-stalls, than for those tied up. Following are the results obtained: — REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 289 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 KECORD OF STEERS FED FROM NOV. 16, 1904, TO APRIL 30, 1905. Steer Experiment I. LOT I.— DEHORNED, FED IN LOOSE BOX. Weight at Start, Nov. 16. Gain, Dec. 1. Gain, Dec. 31. Gain, June 30, Gain, Nov. 1. Gain, Mar. 31. Gain, April 30. Weight at Finish, April 30. Total Gains. Lbs. 8,815 Lbs. 50 Lbs. 700 Lbs. 525 Lbs. 415 Lbs. 280 Lbs. 120 Lbs. 10,905 Lbs. 2,090 LOT IL -DEHORNED, TIED IN STALLS. 8,940 45 675 490 465 200 135 '10,950 2,010 RvTioxs AND Cost Per Day for One Steer for Entire Period. Period. Daily Ration. Daily Cost. Cost for Period, Total. Nov. 16 to Dec. 1 Roots, 90 lbs $ cts. 0 09 0 04 0 024 $ cts. 1 35 0 60 0 42 $ cts. Hay, 10 lbs Meal, 2 lbs Roots, 60 lbs 2 37 Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 0 06 0 04 0 03f 1 80 1 20 1 08 Hay, 10 lbs Meal, 3 lbs Roots, 40 lbs Hay, 10 lbs 4 08 Dec. 31 to Jan. 30 ." 0 04 0 04 0 044 1 20 1 20 1 44 Meal, 4 lbs Roots, 30 lbs Hay, 12 lbs . Meal, 5 lbs Roots, 20 lbs Ha J', 15 lbs 3 84 4 14 Jan. 30 to Mar. 1 0 03 0 044 0 06 0 90 1 44 1-80 Mar. 1 to Mar 31 , 0 02 0 06 0 074 0 00 1 80 2 16 Meal, 6 lbs — Roots, 20 lbs 4 56 Mar. 31 to April 30 0 02 0 06 0 08| 0 CO 1 SO 2 52 Meal, 7 lbs 4 92 Co-:t of feed one steer, 165 days 23 81 IG— 19 290 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENT WITH STEERS. FINANCIAL PART. Original weight of, 16 steers, 17,Y55 lbs. at 4c. per lb. . . .$ 710 20 Weight at finish, 16 steers, 21,855 lbs. at 5-9ioo per lb 1,171 42 Balance. . . $ 461 22 Cost of feed for lot, 165 days 382 56 Net profit . . .$ 78 66 Daily rate of gain per steer. lbs. 1-55 Cost of 1 lb. gain. cts. 9-33 Cost of feed per day per steer cts. 14-49 Profit per steer, $4.91. EXPERBIENTS WITH STEERS. EX. II. INFLUENCE OF AGE ON COST OF BEEF. This experiment was carried on with a view to gain some data as to the influence of age upon the cost of production of beef. Three lots of animals, of as nearly uniform type and breeding as possible, were selected for this test, consisting of eight 3-year olds, termed lot I; eight 2-year olds, termed lot II. ; and eight yearlings, termed lot III. The prices charged for feed consumed were the same as in ' Experiments with steers, Ex. I.' They were all dehorned two weeks previous to beginning of test, and had evidently quite recovered from the effects of the operation at beginning of test, December 1. The following tables will show the amounts fed and results obtained: — Ex. II. — Lot I. — Three Year Old Steers. Period. Dec. 1 toDoc. 31. Dec. 31 to Jan. 30 Jan. 30 to Mar. 1. Mar. 1 to ]\Iar. 31. Mar. 31 to April 30. Cost of feed 1 steer 1.50 days. II 8 steers 150 days Daily Kation. Roots, GO lbs , Hay, 10 lbs. . Meal, 3 lbs... Roots, 40 lbs . Hay, 10 lbs.. . Meal, 4 lbs . . . Roots, .30 lbs . Hay, 12 U.S.. Meal, 5 lbs. . . Roots, 20 Ib"^ Hay, 15 lbs. Meal, G lbs. . ;RcM>ts, 20 lbs. I Hay, 1.0 lbs. I Meal, 7 lbs.. . Daily Cost. $ cts. 0 06 0 04 0 03? 0 04 0 04 0 04* 0 03 0 041 0 06 0 02 0 06 0 071 0 02 0 06 0 08? Cost for Period. $ cts. 1 80 1 20 1 08 1 20 1 20 1 44 0 90 1 44 1 80 0 00 1 80 2 16 0 60 1 80 2 52 Total Cost. S cts. 4 US 3 84 4 14 4 56 4 92 21 54 172 32 REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Lbs. Weight of 8 steers, Dec. 1, 1904 9,110 Weight of 8 steers, April 30, 1905 11,075 Gain 1,9G0 Daily rate of gain lbs. 1 -6375 Cost of feed per clay cts. 14 -36 Cost of 1 lb. gain cts. 8 -70 Ex. II. — Lot II. — Two Year Old Steers. m Period. Daily Ration. Daily Cost. Cost for Period. Total Co.'^t. Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 Roots, fiO lbs $ cts. 0 06 0 04 0 3f $ cts. 1 80 1 20 1 08 S cts. Hav, 10 lbs Meal, 3 lbs Roots, 40 lbs 4 C8 Dec. 31 to Jan. 30 0 04 0 04 0 041 1 20 1 20 1 44 Hay, 10 lbs Meal, 4 lbs Roots, 30 lbs 3 84 Jan. 30 to Mar. 1 0 03 0 04* 0 C6 0 90 1 44 1 80 Hay, 12 lbs Meal, 5 lbs Roots, 20 lbs Hay, 15 lbs. 4 14 Mar. 1 to Mar. 31 0 02 0 00 0 07i 0 60 1 80 2 16 Meal, C lbs Roots, 20 lbs 4 56 Mar. 31 to April 30 0 02 0 06 0 OSf 0 60 1 80 2 52 Hay, 15 lbs Meal, 7 lbs 4 92 21 54 Cost of feed 1 steer 150 days Ti 8 steers 150 days 172 32 1 Weight of 8 steers, Dec. 1, 1904. . Weight of 8 steers, April 30, 1905. Gain. Lbs. 8,740 10,780 2,040 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1 -70 Cost of feeding per day per steer cts. 14*36 Cost of 1 lb. gain " 8-44 IG— 19J 292 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Ex. II. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 -Lot III. — Year Old Steers. Period. Daily Ration. Daily Cost. Cost for period. Total Cost. Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 Roots, 60 lbs Hay, 8 lbs $ cts. 0 06 0 03i 0 03* $ cts. 1 80 0 96 1 08 $ cts. Meal, 3 lbs Roots, 40 lbs 3 84 Dec 31 to Jan. 30 0 04 0 031 0 04f 0 03 0 04 0 04i 1 20 0 96 1 44 0 90 1 20 1 44 Hay, Bibs Meal, 4 lbs Roots, 30 lbs 3 60 Hav. 10 lbs Meal, 4 lbs Roots, 20 lbs Hay, 10 lbs 3 54 March 1 to March 31 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 60 1 20 1 80 Meal, 5 lbs Roots, 20 lbs ^ fin March 31 to April 30 0 02 0 04 0 07J- 0 60 1 20 2 16 Hay, 10 lbs Meal, 6 lbs 3 96 Cost of feed 1 steer 1.50 days. . 18 54 II 8 steers u ! 148 32 i Weight of 8 steers, Dec. 1, 1904. . Weight of S steers, April 30, 1905. Gain Lbs. 7,640 9,740 2,100 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1*75 Cost of feed per day per steer cts. 12-36 Cost of 1 lb. gain " 7-08 COMPARISON OF jiXPERIMEXTS WITH STEERS. EXPKKIMLNT II. Lot 1, 3-yr. old. Daily rate of grain per steer 1 6375 lbs. Cost of feed per day u 14 ' 36 cts. Cost of 1 lb. gain j 8"76 n Lot 2, 2-yr. old. j Lot 3, year-old 1- 70 lbs. 14-36 cts. 8-44 I, 1-75 lbs. 12 -36 cts. 706 M I REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 293 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 STEEE CALF EXPERIMENT. This experiment which was started in May, 1901, with ten calves, in two lots of five each, to determine the comparative economy of feeding calves a ' full fattening ration ' as contrasted with a ' limit-ed growing ration,' was continued from Xovemher 30, 1904, with animals termed lot II., Ex. II., and lot I., Ex. III., fhiished and sold April 30 and May 31, 1905. Ex. IV., lots I. and II. were also continued. The following tables show the results : — Ex. II.— Lot II. — Calves of May, 1902, Coxtln'ued from December 1, 1901. Period. Daily Ration. Daily Cost. Cost for Period. Total Cost. Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 Roots, 90 lbs Hay, 10 lbs $ cts. 0 09 0 04 0 03f S cts. 2 70 1 20 1 08 S cts. Meal, 3 lbs Roots, 60 lbs 4 98 0 06 0 04 0 04* 1 80 1 20 1 44 Hay, 10 lbs Meal, 4 lbs Roots, 60 lbs 4 44 0 06 0 04* 0 07i 1 80 1 44 2 16 Hay, 12 lbs Meal, 6 lbs Roots, 40 lbs 5 40 0 04 0 044 0 07i 1 20 1 44 2 16 Hay, 12 lbs Roots, 30 lbs . Hay, 15 lbs Meal, 8 lbs 4 80 :Marcli 31 to AprU 30 0 03 0 06 0 09f 0 02 0 06 0 12 0 90 1 80 2 88 0 60 1 80 3 60 April 30 to May 30 Roots, 20 lbs 5 58 Hay, 15 lbs Meal, 10 lbs 6 CO ' 31 20 Lot 2. Weight at start. Weight at finish. Gain. Lbs. 5,475 Lbs. 6,800 Lbs. 1,325 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1 -47 Cost of feed per day per st^er cts. • 17 'TS Cost of 1 lb. gain " 11 -77 Cost of feed for lot, ISO days $156 00 294 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 Ex. III. — Lot I. — Continued from December 1, 1904. Period. Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 Dec. 31 to Jan. GO Jan. 30 to March 1. March 1 to March 31. March 31 to April 30. Cost of feed, one steer, 150 days Daily Ration. Roots, 60 lbs Hay, 8 lbs . . . Meal, 3 lbs . , Roots, 40 lbs Hay, 8 lbs... Meal, 4 lbs . . Roots, 30 lbs Hay, 10 lbs . . Mead, 4 lbs . . Roots, 20 lbs . Hay, 10 lbs . . Meal, 5 lbs.. . Roots, 20 lbs. Hay, 10 lbs... Meal, 6 lbs. . . Daily Cost. $ cts. 0 06 0 03i 0 03a Cost for Period. $ cts. 1 80 0 96 1 08 0 04 0 03i 0 04i 1 20 0 96 1 44 0 03 0 04 0 04i 0 90 1 20 1 44 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 GO 1 20 1 80 0 02 0 04 0 07i 0 60 1 20 2 16 Total Cost. $ cts. 3 84 3 GO 3 54 3 60 3 96 18 54 Lotl. Dec. 1 to April 30 Weight at ' Weight at start. finish. Lbs. 4,820 Lbs. • 6,535 Gain. Lbs. 1,715 Daily rate of gain per steer. . . Cost of feed per day per steer. Cost of 1 lb. gain Cost of feed for lot, 150 days. . .lbs. .cts. 2-28 12-36 5-40 $92 70 REPORT OP MR. R. ROBERTSON 295 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Ex. IV. — Lot I. — Calves of May, 1904, Continued from December, 1904. Period. Dec. 1 to Dec. 31 Dec. 31 to .Jan. 30 Jan. 30 to March 1. March 1 to March 31 March 31 to April 30 April 30 to May 30. . . May 30 to Sept. 1 Sept. 1 to Oct. 1 . . Oct. 1 to Nov. 1 . . Nov. 1 to Dec. 1 . . Cost of feed, one sLeer, 1 year Daily Ration. Roots, 1.5 lbs Hay, 2J lbs . . Meal, 2 lbs . Roots, 20 lbs. Hay, 2i lbs . . Meal, 2 lbs . . Roots, 25 lbs . Hay, 4 lbs . . . Meal, 2 lbs . . Roots, 30 lbs . Hay, 4 lbs . . . Meal, 2 lbs. . . Roots, 30 lbs Hay, 4 lbs .. . Meal, 2 lbs. . . Roots, 30 lbs Hay, 4 lbs . . . Meal, 2 lbs . . Meal, 1 lb . Pasture at . Green feed, 40 lbs. Meal, 2 lbs Green feed, 40 lbs . Meal, 2 lbs Roots, 40 lbs Hay, 5 lbs ., . Meal, 2 lbs. . . Daily Cost. $ cts. 0 on 0 oi" 0 021 0 02 0 01 0 021 0 02^ 0 014 0 02# 0 03 0 Olf 0 02? 0 03 0 Olf 0 02* 0 03 0 Olf 0 02* 0 OU 0 04 0 021 0 04 0 024 0 04 0 02 0 02* Cost for Period. $ cts. 0 45 0 30 0 72 0 60 0 30 0 72 0 75 0 48 0 72 0 SO 0 48 0 72 0 90 0 48 0 72 0 90 0 48 0 72 1 111 L per month 1 20 0 72 1 24 0 74f 1 20 0 60 0 72 Total Cost. S cts. 1 47 1 62 1 95 2 10 2 10 2 10 4 llf 1 92 1 944 2 52 21 84 Lot. 1. Weight at start. Weight at finish. Gain. Period. Dec. 1 1904 to Dec. 1 1905 Lbs. ?,C50 Lbs. 4,815 Lbs. 2,165 Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1*18 Cost of feed per day per steer (winter) cts. 6*60 (summer) " 5-32 " " " 1 year " 5-98 Cost of 1 lb. gain " 5-04 Cost of feed for lot, 1 year $109 20 296 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Ex. IV. — Lot II. — Calves of May, 1904, Ck)XTixuED from December, 1904. Lot. ir. Daily Rations. Daily Cost. Cost for Period. Total Cost. Period. Dec. 1 to Dec 31 ■Roots, 20 lbs S cts. 0 02 0 OOf 0 OOv 0 02i 0 00| 0 OOi' 0 02i 0 01" 0 00| 0 03 0 01 0 OOf 0 03 0 Olf OOOg 0 03 0 015 S cts. 0 60 0 24 0 18 S cts. Hay, 2 lbs Meal, i lb Roots, 25 lbs 1 02 Dec. 31 to Jan. 30 0 75 0 24 0 18 Hay, 2 lbs Meal, ^ lb Roots, 25 lbs 1 17 Jan. 30 to Mar. 1 0 75 0 30 0 18 0 90 0 30 0 18 Hay, 2iibs Meal, ilb Mar. 1 to ]\Iar. 31 , Roots, 30 lbs Hay, 2J^ lbs Meal, fib 1 23 Roots, 30 lbs 1 38 Mar. 31 to Apl. 30 0 90 0 48 0 18 Hay, 4 lbs Meal, |lb Root?, 30 lbs 1 56 Apl. 30 to May 30 0 90 0 48 Hav, 4 lbs... Pasture at 1 38 May 30 to Oct. 1 4 00 Roots, 30 lbs 0 03 0 Olf 0 Oli 0 04 0 Olf 0 Oli 4 00 Oct. 1 to Oct. 30 0 90 0 48 0 36 1 20 0 48 0 36 Hay, 4 lbs Meal, 1 lb Oct 31 to Nov. 30 Roots 40 lbs 1 74 Hay, 4 lbs Cost of feed, 1 steer, 1 year Meal, lib 2 04 15 52 Dec. 1, 1904, to Dec. 1, 1905 Weight at start. 2,015 lbs. Weight at finish. 3 480 lb" Gain. 1 JR?i Iho Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. Cost of feed per clay per steer (winter) cts. " (summer) cts. " " -I J. 1 year. cts. Cost of 1 lb. gain cts. Cost of feed for lot, 1 year $77 60 •80 4:60 3-82 4-25 5-29 COMPAEISON OF STEER-CALF EXPEEIMENTS. Full feeding ration vs. light feeding ration, from hirth to hloch. Since May, 1901, experiments have been carried on each year to determine the comparative economy of feeding calves a 'full fattening ration ' from the start, as contrasted with a ' limited growing ration.' Each of the lots of ' full fattening ration ' were sold when two years old, the lots on ' limited growing ration ' in each case were continued until 3 years old before being Bold. » REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 297 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Following is a summary of results obtained : — Full Fattening Ration. Limitf.e G KG WING Ration. 1901. 19C2. 1903. Average 1901. 1902. Average m ■E I-H CO of m CO of M § .1— ( , 0) 1— i 0) K c 1 i 15 Steers. M 1 ^ ." 1 ■» .}— 1 , o 1— I Oi 10 Steers. ^^ 'w o cn ^^ '^ '"'"§ OQ O 02 X lO vi^ o X lo X^^ o y}-^ IQ W H W H W Per Steer. Per Steer. Per Steer. Per Steer . Per Steer. Number of days fed 713- 683- 515- 637- 1108- 1108- 1108- Weight when put on experi- ment 166- 191- 579- 312- 153 121 137 Weipht when slaughtered. . . 1271- 1246- 1307- 1272- 1306 1360 1333 Daily rate of gain 1-54- 1-54- 1-41- 1-49- 1 04- 1 11- 1 075 Amount meal eaten 1804- 1633- 1328- 1588- 1549 1419 1484 11 hay II 2590- 2164- 2310- 2355- 3470 4489 3979 <> roots M 14725- 133G0- 13500- 138G1- 24695 23762 24228 11 straw II 597 2080 600 2320 598 2200 II skiin-milk eaten. . . . 1712- 1742- 1727- II whole milk eaten. . . 728- 698- 713. 360- 120- 240- II pas ure n ... 3 months . 2^ months. 11 weeks. lO.months. 10 months. 10 months. II green feed n ... 1240- 4300- 3080- 2873- Cost of feed from birth to block SG5 47 $58 35 $43 00 §55 60 §72 00 $73 91 §72 95 Cost of 100 lbs. increase live weight •S 5 92 § 5 53 S 5 90 $ 5 78 § 6 24 $ 5 96 § 6 10 SWINE. The herd of pigs at present on the farm consists of Yorkshires, Berkshires and their grades and cross&s, in all 49 head, as follows: — 1 Yorkshire boar, 3 Yorkshire sows, 2 Berkshire sows, 3 grade sows, 10 grade pigs 6 months old, 80 grade pigs 1 to 3 months old. EXPERIMENTS WITH SWINE. Pasture vs. feeding in pens. This experiment was again carried on as in past years, with two lots of 10 pigs each, as evenly divided as to age and weight as possible, being equal numbers from each litter and from 1 to 2 months old. This experiment was commenced on July 1, with lot I. on pasture and lot II. fed inside. They were fed equal amounts of milk and meal, consisting of shorts and buck- wheat. The pasture consisted of clover, rape and hairy vetch on different parts of the field, and the pigs were changed from time to time. A portable house was used for shelter. From October 1 to November 15 all were fed aliKe in pens. Following are the results: — 298 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Lot 1. — Fed on pasture July 1 to October 1. Fed in pens October 1 to Novem- ber 15. Period. Weight at Start. July 1 to October 1 October 1 to November 15. Lbs. 235 925 Lot I. Weight at Finish. Lbs. 925 1,510 Gain. Lbs. 690 585 Average daily gain on pasture, July 1 to October 1. . . " in pens, October 1 to November 15. « 137 days lbs. •74 lbs. 1-30 lbs. •93 Lot II. — Fed in pens, July 1, to November 15, 1905. Period. Lot IL Weight at Start. Weight at Finish Gain. July 1 to October 1 Lbs. 245 1,073 Lbs. 1,073 1,500 Lbs. 828 October 1 to Novem\/er 15 427 Average daily gain in pens, July 1 to October 1 . . . . " " October 1 to November 15 " " 137 days .lbs. .lbs. .lbs. •90 •948 •916 SHEER The flock of sbeep at present on the farm consists of 7 Leicesters, 11 Sliropsbir and 4 grad&s, as follows : — 1 pure bred Leicester ram. 6 pure bred Leicester ewes. 7 pure bred Shropshire ewes. 4 pure bred Shropshire ewe lambs. 3 grade ewes. 1 grade ewe lamb. es POULTEY. The stock of poultry on hand at present consists of B. P. Eocks, White "Wyan- dottes, White Leghorns, Black Minorcas and Buff Orpingtons. REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 299 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 During the month of !N'o\x3niber a number of old and imdesirable birds were dis- posed of, and a nimiber of cockerels of the different breeds sold to farmers for breed- ing purposes, leaving the stock on hand as follows : — Breed. Hens. Cocks. Pullets. Cockerels, B. p. Eocks 4 1 16 2 W. Wyandottes 8 1 W. Leghorns 2 .. 3 1 Black llinorcas 5 .. 2 1 Buff Orpingtons . . 8 All have kept quite healthy, and 75 chicks were raised during the season. Very few eggs were laid previous to March 1, owing to the fact that the hens were all at least one year old, no pullets having been kept last season. The number of eggs laid by the different breeds up to July 1 is as follows : — • Eggs laid. 12 B. P. Rocks 775 4 Blk. Minorcas 225 4 "W. Leghorns 250 4 White Wyandottes 199 BEES. Bee-keeping in the maritime provinces has in the past received very little atten- tion, and believing that they confer great benefits to the orchards from the carrying of pollen, besides their value as a revenue producer, further experiments with bees have been made. On May 22, two colonies were received from the experimental farm at Ottawa, weighing 42| and 38J pounds respectively. Quite a number of dead bees were found in each, particularly in the lighter hive. One appeared to be in excellent condition, the other appeared only fairly strong, with little brood in the frames in the latter hive. As the weather continued cold and wet, and not at all favourable to honey gathering, it was considered wise to somewhat retard the stronger hive, and at the same time strengthen the weaker one by removing one frame well filled with brood from the stronger hive, and replacing it with empty frame from the weaker one. This was done on June 14. From these, four swarms were secured, the first on June 22, second on July 5, third on July 7, and fourth on August 3. Until after July 3, very little honey was gathered. From July 4 until August 5, all hives gained rapidly in weight, except one parent hive which had swarmed twice. This weak hive continued to dwindle until August 15, when it was completely deserted. After August 9, very little surplus honey was stored by any. Fifty pounds of honey was taken from those hives August 25 ; this leaves for win- ter quarters five hives weighing respectively 55, ~53, 54, 59 and 40 pounds. On ISTovcmber IS they were placed in the cellar of the superintendent's house, in the corner farthest from the door. This corner was partitioned off with matched lum- ber for the double purpose of keeping out light and keeping the temperature more uniform, which is at present from 40° to 45°. The hives were placed on a shelf, one foot from the ground, and rested on 3 empty boxes. A three-inch block was placed in front, between the bottom board and the brood chamber, making the full entrance three inches high across the front. The wooden covers were removed and replaced with chaff cushions four inches thick, and lapping the sides and ends four inches. 300 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 COKKESPONDENCE. During tlie year 2,080 letters were received at this Farm, and 1,812 sent out, exclu- sive of circulars sent with grain distribution and reports. AGEICULTURAL MEETINGS. During the year I attended and delivered addresses at the following meetings : — Winter Eair, Amherst, N.S., December 12 to 15, 1904; Short Course Judging, Truro, N.S., February 23; Nova Scotia Farmer's Association, Truro, N.S., Febru- ary 27; Dairy School, Sussex, N.B., March 6 to 25; Agricultural meetings at Pug- wash, N.S., April 2G; Williamsdale, N.S., April 28; Lower Milktream, N.B. EXHIBITIONS. An exhibit of the products of the farm was made at Nova Scotia Provincial Exhi- bition, Halifax, N.S., September 13 to 21; Fredericton, N.B., September 21 to 27; Yarmouth, October 4 and 5. Those exhibits have always been very much appreciated. VISITORS. As usual many visitors have besn on the farm this year, the largest gathering being the Cumberland County Agricultural Society, July 15. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, K. ROBERTSON, 8 uperitdendenU 5-5 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1G A. 1906 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST. (W. S. Blair.) Nappan, N.S., November 30, 1905. To Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G., Director Dominion Experimental Earms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a report of some of the work done in the Horticultural Department of the Experimental Farm for the maritime provinces during the year 1905. The winter of 1905 was a severe one and the months of January and February were accompanied by an unusual fall of snow. The fruit and ornamental trees did not suffer from winter killing, but on account of snow, drifting over them many were more or less injured by being broken when the snow settled. This trouble, however, was overcome in many cases by shovelling the snow away from a number of the fruit trees that were liable to injury, and in this way the branches were relieved of the heavy weight of snow. Some orchards in these provinces suffered greatly from being broken by the snow which drifted in some cases 10 to 15 feet deep around them, so that when the snow settled trees were in many instances practically stripped of branches. The early spring w.as exceptionally late and backward, retarding the blossoming of fruit trees several days. The mean average temperature for May was 1° lower than the average for the past 5 years: For June li° lower than that of the past 5 years. The month of July was up to the average in temperature, and August was about 1° lower than the mean average for the past 5 years. September, on the other hand, was somewhat warmer than that of the past 5 years by about J° in the mean average. The following table gives the mean average temperature for the months of May, June, July, August and September for the past 5 years as compared with that of this season. The rainfall during these months for the past 3 years is also given: — Month. May June. . . . July August September. Total . Mean Temperature at Nappan. Average, 5 Years. 04° 47- 0G° .54- ■22= 64 • •32° 61- •08° 55 • 1905. "07° 1-52° I 25° :-4i° r53° Kainfall. 1905. Inches. 1904. Inches. 1-76 1-74 215 3-51 4-52 1903. Inches- •68 •29 •07 •40 63 14-03 13-68 11 07 The latter part of June and the first half of July was practically ideal weather for all crops. The summer, however, continued too dry after the middle of July and during August for crops to develop properly. Good cultivation during the early part 301 302 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 of the season up to the middle of July very materially controlled the moisture supply, and fruit trees so treated apparently suffered little for want of moisture. The only frosts in May were on the 2nd, 5th, 12th, 13th, IGth, and 23rd, when 32°, 27°, 28°, 22°, 31°, and 31° were recorded, respectively. The only June frost was on the 7th, when 5° was registered. This frost did considerable damage to fruits in blossom at the time; tender plants that had been set out, and to grape vines. The apple blossoms here were not sufficiently advanced to be injured, but cherries and plums suffered so materially that no fruit set. The apples in blossom in the Annapolis and Cornwallis valleys and in other parts of the province of Nova Scotia at this time were greatly injured by the frost. We escaped the usual September frost, although in some sections of the provinces a great amount of damage was done by a frost on August 15, and also by a September frost. The tirst fall frost recorded here was 5° on October 1. The apple crop on the Nappan farm was much in advance of that secured in the past. The trees produced a good crop of excellent fruit. The apples developed better than they ever had done before. Many of the trees are of Russian origin, and. lack in quality. For cooking purposes most of the Russian sorts are excellent. A number of varieties, such as Scott's Winter, Winesap, Jonathan, Missouri Pippin and Occident produce fruit that averages small and is not very marketable. The Gano, Wealthy and Yellow Transparent are inclined to overbear, and should have the fruit thinned, especi- ally when the trees are young, othenvise it will be small and the trees are liable to be broken from an overweight of fruit. A report is herewith submitted of some of the varieties of apples that have fruited here. The strawberry crop was fairly good- The bush fruits were a fair crop. The ornamental trees and shrubs have made good growth. One hedge of Sea Buckthorn (Hippoplice rJiamnoides) was set in 1905, in place of Red-leaved Rose {Rosa ruhrifolia), which made a poor hedge and was removed. I beg to acknowledge the following donations : From Mr. Frank G. Semple, Brule, N.S. strawberry plants of ' Nick Ohmer,' 'Sample,' 'Splendid' and ' Brandywine.' From Mr. C. W. Smith, Sand Beach, N.S., seedling strawberry plants. From Templin & Co., Calla, Ohio 1 doz. ' Cardinal ' strawberry plants. From Mr. Thomas A. Peters, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Fredericton, N.B., scions of yellow plum which ori- ginated near Fredericton. From J. C. Oilman, Esq., Fredericton, N.B., scions of Cranberry Pippin apple. From Mr. F. G. Semple, Brule, N.S., scions of Winter Rose apple. I am also indebted to Mr. W. T. Macoun, Horticulturist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, for 40 additional varieties of strawberry. I addressed several agricultural meetings in the maritime provinces during the year. APPLES. Apoi't. — Two trees of this variety were planted in 1890. This variety is of Rus- sian origin and is identical with the Emperor Alexander. They have made strong growth, and produced the first crop of any consequence in 1901: when the trees aver- aged 31J pecks each. The same trees averaged only 8 pecks in 1905. Alexander. — Synonym, Emperor Alexander. Three trees were set in 1890. This is a well known strong growing variety. The first crop of any quantity was in 1903 when the trees averaged 8 pecks. In 1904 they averaged 12 pecks, and in 1905, 29 -33 pedes. It will be noticed that these three trees are much more regular bearers than the two above called Aport. Allen's Choice. — One tree only planted in 1898 a strong grower. Fruited in 1905, 2 pecks. The fruit is of medium size, oblate, yellow skin covered over nearly the whole surface with red and striped. Quality good; season January; too small to be of much commercial value here. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 303 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Anis. — The variety we have under this name is identical with Yellow Trans- parent. Two trees set in 1890. These have fruited every other year since 189i. The yield in 1904 was the first large crop, when they averaged 4 hushels each. They pro- duced no fruit this year. Antonovka.— Two trees of this Eussian sort were set in 1897. The fruit is large, yellow, oblong, conical. It is a good cooking sort, and will keep until December. The first large crop was in 1904, when the trees averaged 2^ pecks. In 1905, 15J pecks per tree. This variety has no special commercial value. ArahJca. — SynonjTus, Arabka Winter and Arabskoe. Two of the former and two of the latter were planted in 1897. They have made strong growth. The first crop of consequence was produced in 1903, when the trees averaged 3 "75 pecks. In 1904 they produced an average of 7 '94 pecks, and in 1905, 13 pecks. The fruit is large, round, conical, with a green, purplish-red skin. The flesh is greenish white. It is only valu- able for cooking; season January. Useful in northern sections where fruit of better quality is tender. Anisovka. — One tree of this variety was planted in 1890. This is a strong upright grower. The fruit drops badly just as it is about in condition to pijU, which is a de- cided disadvantage. This tree has been top grafted. The fruit is above medium size, roundish, oblate, skin greenish-yellow, streaked and splashed with red. The flesh is crisp and pleasant. Quality good; season September and October. Ananasnoe. — This is not true to name. It is the same as Anisovka. Two trees were set in 1890. They have fruited well during the past three years. In 1903 they averaged 11 pecks, in 1904, 4 pecks, 1905, 22 pecks. These trees drop their fruit badly just as ripe, otherwise it is a good autumn variety. Banks. — Synonym, Bank's Gravenstein, Red Gravenstein. This apple is similar in every respect to the well known Gravenstein, except that it is more striped and splashed with red over the yellow skin. Two trees were planted in 1895, and two in 1898. Three of these have since died and the one remaining is not making strong growth. Sunscald and collar rot have been the principal cause of failure. A slight killing back of branches was noted one year. The one tree living, planted in 1898, produced 1 peck of apples this year. Basil the Great. — Two trees supposed to be this variety were set in 1897. These have made strong growth. The fruit produced, however, show that the trees are Pointed Pipka. In 1903 these two trees averaged 2| pecks ; 1904, 13^ pecks, and 1905, 16^ pecks. See Pointed Pipka. Baxter. — Synonym, La Eue, Baxter's Red. Two trees were set in 1898. They liave made fairly strong growth. The trees prodiiced a few apples in 1903-04 and 1905. The growth of this tree is very upright. The fruit is large, round, conical. The skin is yellow, covered over nearly the whole surface with red, and striped with red. This is a promising variety. The fruit is handsome and above the average in quality. Season, December and January. Beautiful Arcade. — Two trees were set in 1898. They have made good growth. The fruit is round, oblong, with greenish yellow skin. The quality is good. Different from the majority of Russian apples. The flesh is sweet, rich, melting, juicy. Season, September. Fruited, giving only a few specimens in 1904-05. Bell Pippin. — Two trees were planted in 1897. They have made good growth. The fruit is large, oblate, conical and ribbed; skin, greenish yellow, somewhat striped with red. Flesh greenish- yellow; quality fair. Season, December and January. Fruited in 1904, the trees averaging 1 peck. In 1905 they tiveraged 7i pecks. Ben Davis. — Two trees were set in 1893. They have made strong growth, but have not produced well-matured fruit. This is a well known variety which needs no descrip- tion. The trees averaged 8^ pecks in 1903; 4 pecks in 1904, and in 1905 21 pecks. 304 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Benoni. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made very strong growth. The tree is a vigorous upright grower. The fruit is small to medium, roundish, oblate, conical. The skin is yellow, red, striped with crimson. Quality very best. This is a variety that is inclined to produce abundantly every second year. The fruit should be thinned on the tree in order to secure a good percentage of marketable fruit. This variety is one of the best hardy dessert apples. Season, October and November. It seems to do well in northern sections, being apparently as hardy as the Duchess, and equal in quality to the Gravenstein. One tree produced ^ peck in 1903; 31 pecks in 190-i, and 2 pecks in 1905. The other tree pi'oduced 5 pecks in 1903 ; 1^ pecks in 1901, and 30 pecks in 1905. Bethel. — Synonym, Uncle Sam. One tree set in 1897 produced the first crop this season, giving 18 pecks. Fruit round, conical, medium to large. Skin greenish-yellow, striped with red. Quality fair. Keeps until March, but looses its character early in the winter. A very hardy strong growing tree. Useful in the colder sections as a hardy winter variety. BismarJc. — One tree planted is making poor growth. Fruit has been produced from grafts. It is medium to large, round, conical. Skin green, striped with red over part of the surface. Quality fair. Season, January. As grown here this variety is not of special value. Blue Pearmain. — Two trees were set in 1890. These have made strong growth. The fruit is round, conical, medium to large. Skin dark purplish red, striped on crimson ground. Quality good. Season, January and February. This is a good winter variety. One yielded in 1903, 2 peclvs; 1904, 9 peeks; 1905, none. The other produced in 1903, 16 pecks; 1904, ISJ pecks, and 1905, 27 pecks. BorovinJca. — This is a Russian variety identical with Duchess of Oldenburg in every particular, except that the fruit does not mature as early by one week. The fact that this variety is a few days later than Duchess makes it possible to extend the sea- son of that apple a little longer. The yield in 1903 was 12 pecks; 1904, 17^ peclis; 1905, 1 peck. Bottle Greening. — One tree was set in 1891. A strong grower. Fruit oblate, conical. Skin greenish-yellow, with dull red blush. Quality good. Season, January and February. Has so far only fruited lightly. In 1903, 2i pecks; 1904, 2 pecks; and 1905, a few specimens only. Said to be a good cropper when it gets well estab- lished. Belle de Boshoop; — Tree planted in 1897. A strong grower. Fruited first this season, yielding 4 i>ecks. Fruit round, oblate, medium to large. Skin yellow, shaded and obscurely striped with red, russeted over nearly the whole surface. Season February and March. BucJcingham. — One tree set in 1895. A fairly strong grower. Fruited first in 1904, yielding 9 pecks; a few specimens only this year. The fruit is oblate, conical and of medium size. Skin greenish yellow, striped, shaded and splashed with crimson. Season, January. Quality excellent. This is a promising sort and apparently quite hardy. Canada Baldwin. — Three trees were set in 1890. These made the most promising growth at the start of any trees in the orchard. The branches and tmnks became sun- scalded and gradually the trees have died, until now one only remains. The trees were abundant bearers when healthy. The fruit is oblate, of medium size. Skin greenish yellow, striped and washed with dark red. Season, December and January. Quality good. Cinnamon Pine. — Two trees were set in 1897. The fruit seems to be identical with ' Anisovka.' These trees are situated in the sheltered orchard and do not drop their fruit so badly as those do more exposed. These averaged 2 pecl«:s per tree in 1904, and 10 -75 pecks in 1905. REPOJIT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 305 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Crimean Bogdanoff. — One tree set in 1895. Made strong growth. Fruited 1903, 9 pecks; and in 1905, 5 pecks. The fruit is ovate, medium to smalL Skin yellow, nearly covered with red, striped. Quality poor. Season, November. Cross, No. 15 M. — Two trees were set in 1897. They fruited well this season, averag- ing 12 pecks each. Fruit conical, ribbed, medium. Skin yellow. Quality poor, of no special value. Danvers. — Synonym, Danver's Winter Sweet. Two trees were set in 1897. The trees are strong upright growers. Fruit oblong, conical, of medium size. Skin green- ish-yellow, with dull blush. Quality good, sweet. Season, February and March. Bore their first fruit in 1901, when the trees averaged 3 -37 pecks. In 1905, 2i pecks each. Derby. — Two trees were set in 1890. Strong growers. They averaged 10 pecks in 1901, and 16 pecks in 1905. The fruit is oblate, of medium size. Skin yellow, some- times slightly striped with red. Quality good. A good cooking and fair dessert variety. Season, January and February. Domine. — One tree planted in 1895. Tree a fair grower. Fruited for the first time in 1901, yielding 4 pecks. Few specimens in 1905. Fruit oblate, of medium size. Skin greenish-yellow, partly covered with stripes of light red. Quality good. Season, February and March. Duchess. — Synonyms, Oldenburg, Duchess of Oldenburg, New Brunswicker. A well kno\vn and popular variety that needs no comment. Two trees set in 1893 aver- aged 7 pecks in 1903, 11 pecks 1901 and 17| pecks in 1905. Enormous. — One tree was set in 1897. Made strong growth. Fruited first crop of quantity this season, yielding 10 peclis. Fruit very large, round. Skin yellow; quality fair. A Russian variety. It is fit for cooking by the middle of August, when it can be picked with profit. The fruit is ripe early in September and drops easily. Valuable as a very early cooking sort, Fameuse. — Synonym, Snow, Snow Apple. Four trees were set in 1890. These have made strong growth. They bore their first crop of any quantity in 1903, averag- ing 6i pecks. In 1904 they averaged 11 -62 pecks, and in 1905, 9 -25 pecks. The fruit is oblate, medium. Skin greenish yellow, nearly covered with red and crimson. Quality the very best. Season, November and December. One of the best dessert apples grown. Tree, hardy; fruit very liable to attack of apple scab, which may be kept in check by spraying with Bordeaux mixture. Fanny. — Two trees were set in 1897. These have made fair growth. Fruited last season for the first time. Average yield of tree, 1904, f galls. ; 1905, 2 -88 pecks. Fruit medium to large, round, oblate, conical. Skin dark red and crimson. Quality fair. Season, December and January. A promising variety. Gano. — Two trees were planted in 1897 and two in 1898. These have made very strong growth. One of those set in 1897, when cari'ying about 6 pecks of fruit was struck by a strong wind and broken so badly that it was removed. The other tree yielded 5 pecks in 1903, 13^ pecks in 1904, and 29 peck? in 1905. The fruit is rounds, conical, medium to large. Skin greenish yellow, covered with dark red. The two trees set in 1898 averaged 3 pecks in 1904 and 2-J pecks in 1905. Th3 frait of these two trees is roundish, oblate and not so evenly coloured as the above, being somewhat more striped. The first set trees more closely resemble the Black Ben Davis, and the latter are more like Gano. The fruit is similar in quality and very closely resembles the well known Ben Davis. These two varieties, however, mature here much better than the Ben Davis. Grandmother. — Two trees were set in 1897. The trees are upright and vigorous growers. Frviit oblate, conical, medium to large. Skin greenish white, streaked and splashed with light red. Quality good. Season, September; of Russian origin. Fruited 16—20 306 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 in 1905, averaging 4^ pecks. Two trees set at the same time called Avoiarius are tlie same as Grandmother. A fairly good dessert variety. Grimes. — Synonym, Grimes' Golden. This is a good growing hardy variety, com- ing into fruit early. The fruit, however, runs small here. The tree is a good producer and the apple an excellent dessert sort. Season, January and February. Skin, yellow. A winter dessert apple of good quality for home use or local market. Haas. — Synonym, Fall Queen. These trees were set in 1890. One has been top grafted. A strong grower. Fruit oblate, conic, of medium size. Skin greenish yellow, nearly covered with light red and striped with darker red. Quality poor. Sea- son December. Average yield 1903, 9| pecks; 1904, 10 pecks, and 1905, 22 pecks. Not a desirable variety. Hibernal. — This is a very hardy, vigorous, Russian variety of spreading habit, and one of the hardiest for extreme northern sections. Fruit oblate, conic, large. Skin greenish yellow, with dull bronze, red on the sunny side. Valuable only for cooking, for which it is one of the best. Fruit hangs to the tree well and ripens evenly. Sea- son, November and December. Tree planted in 1896 produced 3 pecks in 1903, 12 pecks in 1904, and 16J pecks in 1905. Hurlhut. — Synonym, Hurlburt. The two trees set in 1897 have made fair growth They bore a good crop in 1904, averaging 8J pecks, and in 1905, 7 pecks. The fruit is medium to large, oblate, conical. Skin yellow, splashed and striped with red. Quality good. Season, January. This is a variety that should be more largely planted. Jonathan. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made fair growth. They fruited in 1903, averaging 3 pecks per tree. In 1904, 4 pecks, and in 1905, 9^ pecks. The fruit as grown here is small to medium, roundish, oblong, conical. Skin yellow, nearly covered with bright red and shaded into dark red in the sun. Quality good. Season, January to April. This variety, while of excellent quality, is sometimes too small to be profitable. Keswiclc. — Synonj-m, Keswick Codling. Three trees set in 1890. One has been top grafted. They have made good growth. The two fruited, bearing an average of 21 pecks in 1903; 12 pecks in 1904; 34 pecks in 1905. Fruit round, oblong, conical, of medium size. Skin greenish yellow, sometimes slightly blushed in sun. Valuable only as a cooking apple. Season, October and November. Inclined to run small from setting too much fruit. Should be thinned. Not recommended. Longfield. — Three trees were set in 1890. They have made strong growth and have fruited abundantly. The fruit is round, oblong, conic, small to medium. Skin yellowish white, with blush on sunny side. Quality good. A rather pleasant eating apple and good for cooking. Very hardy. Season, November and December. Useful for extreme northern sections. Mcintosh Bed. — Three trees were set in 1890. They have made fair growth. Two trees set as ' Princess Louise ' iu 1892 have turned out to be Mcintosh Red. They have made strong growth. The first trees planted yielded in 1903 an average of 7 -67 pecks per tree; in 1904, 5*33 pecks, and in 1905, 25 pecks. The last set yielded an average of 2 pecks in 1904, and 12J pecks in 1905. This variety has done well since 1903. The fruit has developed perfectly, and this apple may be regarded as one of the very best apples growing on the farm. This variety belongs to the Fameuse group, and is liable to scab if not carefully sprayed with Bordeaux; of fine quality for dessert. Season, December and January. Tree perfectly hardy, a good grower and productive. Fruit round, oblate, slightly irregular, medium to large. Skin whitish yellow, covered over nearly the whole surface with dark, rich wine red, shading to pinkish crimson in the shade. Should be more largely grown. REPORT OF MR. TV. /Sf. BLAIR 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 McMahan. — Synonym, Mc]Mahan Wliite. One tree was planted in 1897. A very strong, vigorous grower. Fniit large, conical. Skin whitish-yellow. A good cooking sort. Season, December. One of the best growing trees for top grafting. An excellent sort for northern sections. Yielded in 1903, 5 pecks ; 1901, 13.V pecks ; in 1905 a few specimens only. Melonen. — Synonym, ]Melon. One tree was planted in 1897. A strong grower. Fruited in 1904, 9i pecks, and in 1905, 18 pecks. Fruit oblate, of m;^dium size. Skin yellow, somewhat striped with red. Season November. Quality poor. Of Russian origin. Fruit drops badly just before it is fully matured. Of little value. Missouri. — Missouri Pippin. Two trees were set in 1897. Made strong groAvth. They averaged 5 pecks of apples in 1903, 5 pecks in 1904, and 6| pecks in 1905. Fruit round, oblate, mediiim to small. Skin greenish yellow, splashed and striped with light and dark red. This variety has so far not succeeded well here, it grows too small to be profitable. Northern Spy. — One tree planted in 1892 has made strong growth. It fruited well this season, the first good crop, yielding 12 pecks. A well known strong growing variety. One of the best winter sorts. Northwestern Greening. — Two trees were set in 1897. They made very strong growth at the start, but have not proved a success. One had to be taken out in 1903 and the other was removed this season. The trouble seems to be that the wood is not strong enough to support the branches, which break easily with the weight of fruit; or with ice or snow lodging on the branches after a sleet storm. These trees produced good crops in 1902-03 and 1904. The fruit is large, round, conical, and of even size. Skin greenish yellow. Quality fair. Season said to be January and February; with us this fruit goes bad at the core after the last of January, or in some cases even earlier. Two other trees of this sort have been planted to give it a further test. Ontario. — One tree was set in 1890 and one in 1897. These have made fair growth. The trees came into fruiting early. The first ones planted bore a good crop, 11^ pecks in 1903, in 1904, f peck, and in 1905, 21 j^ecks. The last tree planted fruited, bearing 4J pecks in 1903, a few only in 1904, and 7 pecks in 1905. This tree has been sunscalded during the past winter. It is useful principally for cooking. The fruit is oblate, conic, large. Skin whitish-yellow, red and striped. Season, January and Feb- ruary. Ostralcoff. — Two trees of this variety were set in 1890. They have made strong growth. The average yield of these trees was 5 pecks in 1903, 21| -pecks in 1904, and 12^ pecks in 1905. The fruit is not of high quality and drops badly ju.st before thor- oughly matured. This sort is the same as the varieties planted as Sultan and White- Astrachan, which have the same fault. Neither of these sorts are valuable. The fruit is oblong, conical, of medium size. Skin yellow, somewhat streaked with red. Season, September. Patten. — Synonym, Patten's Greening, Patten's Duchess. Two trees were set in 1897. These have made strong growth. A seedling of Duchess. They come into fruit early. Average yield in 1903, 3| pecks; 1904, 9-37 pecks, and 1905, 8^ pecks. Fruit large, of even size, roundish, oblate. Skin yellowish-green, with a bronze blush in the sun. A good cooking variety. Season, December and January. A good sort for north- ern sections. Tree very hardy. Peter. — This variety, as grown here, so closely resembles the Wealthy apple that we consider it the same. Pewaukee. — Three trees were set in 1890, 2 in 1891 and 2 in 1892. These have all made very strong growth, this variety being one of our best growing trees. A well known winter apple of fair quality, but of a greenish colour, which is against it for IG— 20i 308 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1936 market purposes. It is useful principally for cooking. Season, December. The fruit has the bad fault of dropping easily just before fully matured. Two trees in the orchard, protected with shelter of natural spruce, yielded in 1903 an average of 3i pecks of dropped fruit, and 6 pecks were picked. Three trees in the unprotected orchard yielded in 1903 an average of 10 pecks of dropped fruit and 8 pecks picked. In 1905 the two trees in the protected orchard averaged 26| pecks picked and If pecks dropped, and in the unprotected orchard 3 trees averaged 13 pecks picked, and 2 "33 pecks dropped. The season of 1904 was exceptional for winds. Pointed Pipha. — Four trees were set in 1896. These have made very strong growth. The fruit is medium to large, oblong, conical. Skin whitish-yellow, streaked and splashed with bright red. Flesh white, good. Season last of September. A fairly good dessert apple of Russian origin. Same as the variety called Basil the Great. Tree very hardy. Bed Canada. — Synonym, Canada Red. Two trees were set in 1890. One cankered badly, made poor growth and was removed. The other has made good growth. It fruited in 1903, bearing 7i pecks; 1904, 2| pecks, and in 1905, 14 pecks. The fruit is oblate, conical, of medium size. Skin greenish-yellow, covered nearly with red and striped with crimson. Quality good. Season, February and March. This is a good winter sort, and the tree is very hardy. Russian Tyrol. — One tree was set in 1895, has made strong growth. This is identical with Longfield, already described. Scott's Winter. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made strong growth and came into bearing early. They averaged 13 pecks in 1903 ; 5^ pecks in 1904, and 6^ pecks in 1905. The fruit is round, conical, small. Skin red striped. Quality fair. Season, February and March. The fruit of this variety is too small for general market purposes. Of value only for home use in northern sections, where other winter sorts will not succeed. Serlnhia. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made good growth. Fruited in 1903 averaging 13^ j^ecks per tree. In 1904, 2 -12 pecks, and in 1905, 25 pecks per tree. The fruit is of medium size, round, oblate. Skin pale yellow, somewhat striped with red. Quality fair. Season, October. A fairly good cooking and eating fruit. Snnheam. — One tree was set in 1897. This is a vigorous grower, and productive. It yielded in 1904, 25 pecks, and in 1905, 25 i pecks. The fruit is of medium size, roundisV., conical. Skin whitish green with a blush in the sun. The fruit drops badly just before fully matured. Quality fair. Season, November and December. Thaler. — Synonym, Charlotteu-Thaler. This seems to be identical with Yellov/ Transparent, with the exception that it may be a few days earlier. TitovTca. — Synonym, Titus apple. Two trees were set in 1890. They have made strong growth. Fruited in 1904, bearing 17^ pecks per tree, in 1905 a few specimens only. The fruit is large, oblate, oblong. Skin greenish-yellow, often nearly covered with deep red, striped with dark red. Quality fair. Season, September. This is a good cooking apple. The variety. Little Hat, resembles this and is probably the same. 'Wellington. — Two trees were set in 1893. They have made strong growth. They averaged per tree in 1903, 18 i)eck5 ; 1904, 8 pecks, and 1905, 24^ pecks. The fruit is of medium size, round, oblate. Skin yellow with blush on sunny side. Very acid. Quality good. Season, February to April. Valuable only for cooking. Liked on the English market on account of its pleasant acidity. A valuable commercial sort. Inclined to overbear, and run small. Should be thinned. ^Yilliams. — Synonym, Williams' Favourite, Williams' Early. Two trees were set ]"n 1897. These have made good growth. They fruited in 1903, averaging 1 peck per tree; 1904, o\ pecks, and 1905, 8^ pecks per tree. The fruit is medium to large, round. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 309 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 oblong, conic. Skin light red ground, but nearly covered with a dark red, striped somewhat. Quality good. Season, September. An excellent dessert market sort, and very attractive on account of its tine colour. Yorh Imperial. — One tree was set in 1897. It has made fair growth and fruited first in 1902. Fruited in 190J:, 22 pecks; 1905, 12 pecks. The fruit is m^-dium, oblate, oblique. Skin yellow, shaded with crimson, and indistinctly striped with red. Quality fair. Season, February to April. Somewhat inclined to be undersized. Yellow Transparent. — A well known early variety. A valuable cooking apple, use- ful only for local markets and home use. A good eating apple when fully ripe. Five trees set in 1890 have made fair growth. They have fruited well. The average yield from these trees is as follows : — 1903, 2^ pecks ; 1904, 5 -6 pecks ; and 1905, 13 -7 pecks. These set their first fruit in 1893. Trees hardy. Season, last of August. SOIL :y:oiSTURE expeeimexts. Experiments to determine the moisture contents of soils when cultivated, as com- pared with those cropped were again conducted this season. The experiment included six different plots, each 25 feet wide and 400 feet long. Samples of the soil from these plots were taken at intervals of two weeks during the season to a depth of 14 inches by using round galvanized iron canisters which were driven into the ground to that depth and the column of soil removed. These samples were sent to Ottawa, where they were examined in the chemical laboratory of the Experimental Farms, and their moisture contents determined. The plots were alongside each other and the soil was of a fairly uniform character. Plot No. 1. — The soil of this plot was in strawberries in 1903-04. The ground was ploughed early in the fall of 1904. It was thoroughly worked up on May 16 with the disc and springtooth harrows, and again once worked with the springtooth harrow be- fore seeding to oats on May 23. The grain was sown with the seed drill at the rate of 3 bushels per acre. The growth of straw was good, averaging 36 inches. The crop suffered greatly for want of rain during the latter part of its growth and as a conse- quence the seed did not fill out well. The crop was harvested September 2. The ground had been seeded to timothy and clover with the oats. The grass and clover seed started fairly well, but owing to the dry weather at this date, October 30, there is not sufficient growth to cover the ground. Plot No. 2. — The groimd of this plot was in oats during 1904, having been seeded to clover and timothy with the oats in the spring of that year. The growth of clover this season was good, and the crop was cut for hay July 20, having made a growth of from 34 to 38 inches, averaging 2 J tons per acre. Plot No. S. — This plot was also in oats in 1904, having been seeded to timothy and clover in the spring of that year. The growth of clover was similar to that on plot Xo. 2, which it adjoined. This plot was cut with the mower when the crop was about 12 inches high on June 16, and the crop allowed to remain as a mulch. The clover was fairly thick. The plot was cut a second time July 8, when about the same growth had been made. The clover was again left as a mulch, which was fairly thick. The intention was to cut again in two or three weeks ; biit owing to extremely dry weather very little more growth was made during the season, and the crop was not again cut. The material left as a mulch soon di'ied out and was of very little use in conserving moisture. 310 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 Plot No. Jf. — The ground of this plot was in strawberries in 1902-03 and '04. The ground was well worked up with the disc and springtooth harrows on May 16, 1905. It was again harrowed on May 23 with the springtooth harrow. On June 6 and 15 this ground was again harrowed, and on the latter date crimson clover at the rate of 30 pounds per acre was drilled in with the seeder. This made a quick start and soon covered the ground. The growth averaged about 13 inches by the middle of August. Very little growth was made after that date, the ground being practically dried out. Plot No. 5. — The ground of this plot was previously treated as plot No. 4, it hav- ing been in strawberries and was ploughed early last fall. In 1905 this ground was cultivated in the same manner as plot No. 4, during the first part of the season, viz., until June 20, when it was thoroughly worked up with a land grubber to a depth of 5 inches. The soil was again worked with the springtooth harrow on July 4 and 20, and at the latter date crimson clover at the rate of 25 lbs. per acre was sown broadcast and harrowed in with the springtooth harrow. The clover started rather slowly, but has made a thick growth of about six inches, which thoroughly covers the ground at this date, October 30. Plot No. 6. — The ground on this plot was treated as plot No. 5 in every respect, except that no cover crop was sown, and the land was left without any cultivation whatever after July 20. A few weeds started up on this ground, otherwise no plants were growing on it. The moisture contents bi these differently treated plots is given in the following table :— Percentage of Moisture in Plots. Date when Samples were taken. Plot No. 1. Plot No. 2. Plot No. 3. Plot No. 4. Plot No. 5. Plot No. 6. May 15 ... Per c 17 16 15 16 11 5 5 5 12 11 9 ent. 40 37 54 30 02 63 17 01 66 22 34 Per cent. 1604 14-23 14-88 19 06 808 726 5-91 417 10-52 9-05 6-71 Perc 17 13 15 18 11 7 5 4 12 10 8 ent. 33 83 94 52 77 12 64 37 58 61 01 Per c 16 15 16 17 13 9 7 5 11 9 6 ent. 50 25 19 50 89 73 87 26 47 24 69 Per c 16 16 15 17 15 15 14 9 14 12 9 ent. 28 97 78 97 65 50 11 97 68 67 44 Per c 17 14 IS 17 14 15 14 14 16 13 11 ent. 76 June 1 .. 16 M 29 July 17 74 02 92 59 August 2 . . . 15 30 Soptumber 18 02 03 36 31 October 3 06 18 34 The object of this investigation was to learn to what extent the failure of fruit trees to grow properly in soils cropped with grains and grasses is due to a lack of moisture. It is a well known fact that trees growing in soil having an abundant sup- ply of plant food may not in some seasons prodvice well or make satisfactory growth if grass or grain crops occupy the orchard soil at the same time. These latter crops are especially exhaustive of soil moisture, large^quantities of which are used in their development, consequently the soil is, as these experiments show, rendered too dry for tiie proper development of trees which require the whole season for their growth. Plot No. 4 was seeded to crimson clover to determine whether sufiicient moisture would be conserved by cultivating only to the middle of _ June and then seeding to a cover crop in place of following the usual practice of cultivating to the middle of July and sowing a cover crop. It was also desired to ascertain if the crop of crimson clover n SPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 would shade tlie ground sufficiently to act as a mulcii, and lessen evaporation from the soil surface, and in this way offset the loss by transpiration. It would appear in this connection, however, that the moisture taken from the ground by the plants was far greater than that conserved by them through the shade afforded by the foliage. The iigures given show that this plot was too dry for proper plant development during the greater part of the season. It will be seen that in plot No. 6 at no time during the season did the moisture fall below 10 per cent. It will also be noticed' by referring to the above table that plot No. 5 only twice went below 10 per cent. This would seem to show that even in a sea- son as dry as that of 1905, cover crops of crimson clover sown after the middle of July, on soil that has previously been properly cultivated to conserve moisture, will not dry out tlie ground to such an extent as to prevent a proper development of fruit and wood growth. It is apparent that the conditions prevailing in plots Nos. 1, 2 and 3, so far as moisture content is concerned, were not at all favourable for fruit tree development, and consequently the growing of grass or grain crops in the orchard is not advisable if best results are to be obtained. The season has been exceptionally dry, especially since June. The following table gives the rainfall and the date on which the rain occurred from April 1 to November 1 1905 :— Eainfall, 1905. April. May. .J\me. Ji Date. 2 3 15 2G 27 31 jly. In. •45 •12 •82 •08 •03 •06 August. September. October. Date. In. 1 08 21 -40 22 -62 25 14 Date. In. 2 ^76 4 ^04 7 -18 8 -40 10 ^74 18 •SO 20 •U 21 •ll 23 05 30 •lO Date. In. 2 -341 3 05 6 -65 8 •121 12 ^07" 13 44 14 12 17 04 18 -12 29 40 40 40 18 40 20 36 42 36 18 22 22 37 20 18 20 22 45 20 20 .'55 55 48 30 ,S0 55 42 42 22 57 20 57 56 30 31 41 46 47 3t 24 24 50 24 2i to 2| 2k „ 2| 2i „ 2^ 2i 2h 3" 3 2+ 3i si 3" 2| 3 3 2h 3h 3i 3 2h 2i 21 3 2h n 3k 4 3 4 3f 3| 3.^ 3\ 3\ n 3h 3' 3 n Number of Peas in Pod. 3\ „ 3^ 3? ,. 4i 4' „ \l 5 to 5 u 3 ., 3i 3 , 4" 4 .. 4i 3!| M 4i 3\ u 4 3h M 4h S| „ 4| D.\TE OF Picking. July 24. July 31. Total Yield from Plot. Lbs. Oz. Lbs. Oz. Lbs. O/.. 10 9 7 8 8 8 5 2 6 10 6 '8 5 4 5 11 4 6 4 3 3 July 28. 6 8 6 3 3 2 5 4 4 5 6 2 4 3 8 2 10 3 6 July 31. 4 5 5 4 3 2 4 6 4 Aug. 7. 6 6 4 5 4 11 4 10 8 5 0 3 3 9 9 4 2 2 2 Aug 4 4 2 2 3 4 3 3 Aug. 14. 3 4 6 5 3 4 4 12 12 10 6 8 3 12. 0 4 10 8 9 4 9 3 9 13 1 4 2 2 4 2 Aug. 4. 2 2 1 2 5 5 3 12 5 2 5 11 2 4 8 1 4 6 12 3 2 12 Aug. 7. 5 8 1 1 2 1 5 1 Aug. 14. 2 3 2 6 3 12 Aug. 17. 8 11 2 10 3 13 14 14 9 8 2 2 4 2 6 3 Aug. 17. 4 8 5 4 8 4 1 4 7 2 6 6 8 2 Aug. 21. 12 2 9 12 13 11 9 9 12 10 8 14 6 11 io 4 4 10 13 4 3 10 i2 10 1 15 (i 6 15 I 4 6 8 G 8 1 U 14 io REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 315 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 GARDEN PEASE — SINGLE VS. DOUBLE ROWS. Eight varieties of garden pease were sown in plots 33 feet long, each plot occupy- ing an area 2^ feet wide. In one set of plots one row was planted down the centre of the plot, and in the other series 2 rows 6 inches apart were planted down the centre of the plot. The object of the experiment was to determine the gain, if any, of plant- ing 2 rows of garden pease together instead of only one. The double rowed plots re- quire much greater labour in hoeing, whereas in the single rows very little hand hoeing is necessary, the work being done with a horse and cultivator. The yield was greater in the double rowed plots, and the general appearance of the plots for market decreased in value in proportion to the thickness of the vine growth on the double rowed plots. In the remarks on the general appearance of the pods when gathered, 10 points is taken as a standard of perfection. It will be seen that the dwarf kinds, Nott's Excelsior and American Wonder, were much more perfect in the double row plots than the variety Heroine. This was due to the much greater vine growth of the latter, which prevented proper development of pods when the vines trailed on the ground. The yield from these plots is given in the following table : — Single vs. Double Eows of Garden Pease. Variety. Kind of Row. When Picked. Total Yield from Plot. Taking 10 as point of Excell- ence. July 24. July 29. Double Single... Lbs. Oz. 12 7 6 8 12 10 8 14 July 28. 13 6 8 11 16 10 Lbs. Oz. 3 4 1 2 5 i 4 Aug. 4. 2 12 Lbs. Oz. 15 11 7 10 17 10 10 2 ifi 9. 9i 10 Station Double Single Double Single Double . . Single 9i 10 Prosperity 8 1 2 0 1.^ 10 Gradus , 9. 18 10 9 2 18 10 13 12 19 4 11 12 17 12 10 8 20 12 11 10 8 8 8 10 10 Thomas Laxton Double Single 17 10 13 July 31. 19 4 11 12 15 8 8 8 Aug. 7. 12 8 6 1 12 Aug. 7. 10 Nott's Excelsior Double Single Double Single Double 10 2 4 2 Aug. 17. 8 12 3 4 10 American Wonder 9h Heroine 10' Gi Single 9 GARDE N PEASE — STAKED VS. NOT STAE :ed. Th'3 object of this experiment was to determine the value of putting stakes G inches apart for the pea vines to cling to in place of letting them go on the ground. Stakes of alder bushes about 4 feet long with many of the branches left on were used. One series of these plots consisted of single rows 2^ feat apart, and the other series 316 EXPERIMENTAL FA RM S 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 consisted of two rows planted 6 inches apart and 2i feet from the center between these two rows to the center between the next two rows. Tho plots were all treated in a similar manner. They were all cultivated alike, and were sown at the same time. The stakes were stuck when the plants were 6 inches high. It will be seen from the results that the yield from the single rows staked was not very materially greater than those not staked. The double rows, however, gave a better crop than the single ones. It was also quite apparsnt that the pods from the staked plots were much superior to those from the unstaked plots. This was es-pe- cially the case with the double rows. This was no doubt due to the fact that when the vines are trailing on the ground the pods do not have the conditions so favourable for their development as they do when supported, and a single row not staked has a much better chance for proper development than two rows occupying practically the same space. From the information obtained, it would appear to be safe to conclude that in small gardens it is a decided advantage to stake even half tall varieties and that to plant two rows 6 inches apart and allow a 2-foot space to the next row is much preferable to a single row 24 feet apart, and produces about double the crop. On the other hand, the same niamber of stakes required for a single row will stake a double row by setting the stakes between the two rows. There is more difficulty in hoeing when double rows are planted. In large areas for market the most economical method is to run single rows 2 feet apart, and they can be so cultivated that very little hand hoeing is neces- sary. In large commercial areas staking the vines would bs impracticable. The following yields were obtained from these" plots, each of which was one row 33 feet long. The yield per acre is calculated from the quantity obtained from these plots, and the bushels -pev acre was computed by allowing 40 pounds to the bushel. The variety used was Thomas Laxton, which weighs, of green peas in pod, 40 lbs. per b\ishel : — EXPERIMEXTS WITH StAKED VS. NOT StAKED GaEDEX PeASE. Variety, Thomas Laxton and Date when Picked. Total Yield per Plot. Yield per Acre. Yield how treated. July 29. Aug. 4. per Acre. Staked, single row Not staked, single ua\- Staked, double row Not staked, double row Lbs. Oz. 14 12 10 G 20 17 Lbs. Oz. 4 4 2 4 9 10 2 12 Lbs. Oz. 19 18 10 29 10 19 12 Lbs. 10,032 9,834 15.040 10,428 Bush. Lbs. 250 S2 245 34 391 260 28 GABDEN BEANS. Eight of the sorts which have given the best results in the past were sown this year in plots of one row, each 49J feet long. The rows were 24 feet apart. The ground on which these were gro\\m was of a uniform character, and in a fair state of fertility. The seed wps planted May 29. The following table gives the dates on which the mar- ketable snap beans were picked, and the yield per plot and per acre: — 1 REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 317 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Variety. Colour of Pod. Bountiful Green . ^Market Wax Golden Lightning Green . Davis Wax Golden Early Warwick Grein . Low's Champion Extra Early Edible Podded. Longfellow Date when Picked. Aug. 4. Aug. 12. Aug. 18. Aug. 25. Lbs. Oz. Lbs. Oz. Lbs. Oz. 6 11 4 5 Lbs. Oz. 14 Yield l^er Plot. Lbs. Oz. 2 12 6 's 12 2 3 Yield per Aero. Lbs. ll,GfiO 10,824 10,692 10,208 9,680 8,008 7,436 6,050 The variety Bountiful is one of the best green pod market beans tested here. The Lightning is a splendid variety, and it is especially rust-resistant, being much more so than the Bountiful. The Davis Wax rusted badly this year, as did the Keeney's Eustless Was. The early Giant Wax and Best of All both are fine sorts. The Market Wax again proved to be equal to any of the golden podded varieties. Valentine Wax is a very prolific round Golden Pod variety. Longfellow vre would not recommend. Low's Champion is a good one. TOMATOES. Fifty varieties of tomatoes were under test this season. The plants were started in the hot-bed April 1 ; transplanted to strawberry boxes, one plant to a box, April 13. These were planted in the open ground May 12, in rows 4 feet apart, and the plants 4 feet apart in the rows. Eight plants of each variety were planted. The soil on which these were grown was used last year for cabbage, and was in a fair state of fertility. It was a light loam, rather deficient in humus. Bone meal and complete fertilizer mixed in equal parts was sown at the rate of 500 lbs. per acre broad- cast, and harrowed in before the plants were put out. The variety Spark's Earliana still continues to be the best sort for these provinces. Owing to « late spring and early fall frosts the season here for tomatoes is practically limited to 3 months — from June 15 to September 15— hence only the earliest ripening tomatoes are suitable for profitable planting. Spark's Earliana is the best smooth early variety yet tried. It has good size, and although the fruit is not as regular and smooth as it was when first introduced, yet it is better here in this respect than any of the other early kinds tried. A very satisfactory method to follow in order to keep good, smooth stock of any variety is to select seed from the plants that produce regular smooth, early ripening fruit. Some of the most successful growers obtain the bulk of their seed by following this method. The variety Tenderloin and Livingston's Globe are two sorts tested this season for the first time. Neither of these, judging from one season's test, are of any value for the maritime provinces. The former is a rough, late sort, and the latter large and smooth, but very late, and quite subject to rot. The variety Dominioc Cay, about a week later than Earliana but very prolific, has with us grown very* rough fruit. The Chalk's Early Jewel has been under test for 3 years. It is a good, smooth tomato, fully 8 days later than Earliana, and much more liable to rot. We have found that 318 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1935 seed of Earliana does not germinate as easily as most other sorts, hence more care is necessary in starting this variety. Experinaents were conducted with Spark's Earliana to ascertain to what extent pinching off the top of the plant when about 5 inches high would increase the produc- tion of early fruit. By so doing side branches are started and instead of having a plant with only one stalk, 4 or 5 stalks are obtained, and instead of having only one flower cluster, several branches are had with flower clusters just as far advanced. This is a question of special importance in these provinces where at best the ripening of the fruit is very difiiciilt. Thirty-four plants of Earliana were pinched off May 10, and thirty-four others were left to grow up as a single stalk. These were started from seed sov>m April 1, and planted in strawberry boxes, one plant to a box, April 18. The plants were put in the open ground June 12, by simply cutting the boxes and setting the plants without disturbing the earth at the roots. The vines were grown withoiit stakes. The soil was a light loam. Complete fertilizer and bone meal mixed half and half was used by spreading broadcast around the places where the plants were to occupy, and digging it in well before planting. This was used at the rate of 1,000 lbs. per acre. The plants were set in rows 4 feet apart and 4 feet apart in the rows. Each plot was Vs2.5 of an acre, or two rows G6 feet long and 4 feet wide. The crop obtained from this area is given in the following table. The yield per acre is calculated from the quantity obtained from these plots: — Variety Earliana. Ripe Fruit Picked. Aug. 26th. Pinched Back Not Pinched Back . Lb5. 1 An?. 30th. Lbs. 12i 6 Sept. 2nd. Lbs. S0| 20J Sept. 9th. Lbs. in 471 Sept. 15th. Lbs. 129 97i Sept. 25th. Lbs. 94| lOia Green fruit picked Sept. 25th. Lbs. 103i 226 Total ripe fruit per plot. Lbs. 517i 518i Total yield of ripe fruit per acre. B"u. Lbs. 711 12 712 35 Total yield of green fruit per acre. Bu. Lbs. 225 9 310 45 Total yield per acre. Bu. Lbs. 93G21 1,023 20 ONIONS. Five of the leading sorts of onions were tested this season. The ground on which they were grown was a light clay loam in a fairly good state of fertility, having been in onions the previous year. The ground was well worked up with the land grubber to a depth of six inches. Wood ashes at the rate of 1,000 lbs. per acre and complete fertilizer at the rate *of 500 lbs. per acre were sown broadcast and harrowed in with the smoothing harrow. The plants were planted on the level ground in rows one foot apart and about 3 inches apart in the rows. The seed was started in the hot-bed April 5, in boxes having about six inches of soil. The plants were transplanted from these boxes to the open ground May 25. Seed is better sown the third week in March, so that the plants will be in good condition for transplanting about the middle of May. It requires from 7 to 8 weeks to develop good plants. This season being exceptionally dry the plants did not make as good growth as usual. The crop was pulled October 4, and the yield per acre is calculated from the weight obtained from one row 66 feet long. REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 319 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Experiments with Onions. Variety. Golden Globe Australian Brown Australian Yellow Globe Prizetaker Large Red Wethersfield . Yield Yield per Plot. per Acre. Lbs. Bush. 56 616 50 550 65 715 70 770 70 770 Remarks. Matured good. Matured fair. EAELY POTATOES. Eight varieties of early potataas were planted on a light loam. The ground was manured at the rate of 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre the previous fall. This was worked up in the spring and rows were made 2^ feet apart and about 4 inches deep with the double mouldboard plough. The seed was planted one foot apart in the rows and covered about 4 inches deep. The ground was later harrrowed over once, and after being cultivated several times between the rows the plants, when six inches high, were hilled up by using the double mouldboard plough. The object of this experiment was to determine which variety would produce the largest quantity of marketable tubers for the early market. The seed was planted May 18, and the first digging was on August 5, and the second on August 18. The Irish Cobbler again produced the largest quantity of marketable tubers. The Early Andes deserves special mention for its quality. The following table gives the yield per acre from these plots. Each plot was. one row 66 feet long : — Experiments with Early Potatoes. Early Michigan . . . Early Andes Bovce Early Envoj' Pearces Ex. Early . Early Sunrise Rochester Rose . . Irish Cobbler Dug August 5. Marketable. Bush. Lbs. 176 144 110 107 144 137 136 209 Not Marketable. Bush. Lbs. .53 38 75 72 70 78 72 53 54 30 54 36 24 6 36 54 Dug August 18. Marketable. Not Marketable. Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 303 248 268 303 299 248 253 316 38 22 33 24 38 26 26 33 30 12 30 24 24 320 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-0 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 LIST OF THE BEST VEGETABLES TO GROW. From several years' experience in testing many of the different varieties of vege- tables now advertised by seed merchants in Canada and the United States, the follow- ing may be recommended as equal to any of thos-e so far tested here : — Pease, Tall. — Extra early : Surprise. Early : Thomas Laxton. Medium : Admiral Dewey. Late: Telephone Dwarf. Extra early: Early Excelsior. Early: Nott'a Excelsior. Medium: Rivenhall Wonder. Late: Juno. Tomatoes. — Sparks' Eri.rliana. Beans. — Green Pod. Early: Bountiful and Lightning. Late: Refugee or 1000 to 1. Golden Pod : Market Wax and Valentine Wax. Corn. — Extra early : Extra Early Beverly. Early : Extra Early Cory and Premo. Medium: Crosby's Early. Cucumbers. — White Spine. Squash. — Autumn: Boston Marrow and Golden Hubbard. Late: Hubbard. Parsnips.— ^Hollow Crown and Lnproved Hr'.lf Long. Carrots. — Chantenay Onions. — Prizetaker and Australian Brown. Lettuce. — Curled: Black Seeded Simpson. Cabbage: Improved Salamander. Cahhage. — Extra early : Paris Market. Early : Jersey Wakefield. Medium : Early Spring and Succession. Late: Late Flat Dutch. Red: Mammoth Rock Red. Celery. — Paris Golden Yellow Self-blanching, Improved White Plume and Per- fection Heart swell. Cauliflower. — Early Erfurt. - Beets. — Extra early : Egyptian Turnip. Early : Eclipse. Spinach. — Victoria. Salsify. — Sandwich Island. Radishes. — French Breakfast and Icicle. Winter: Scarlet China. Parsley. — Double Curled. 'Citron Melon. — Colorado Mammoth. Water Melons. — Cole's Early. Egg Plant. — New York Improved Purple. Brussels Sprouts. — Improved Dwarf. Kale. — Dwarf Green Curled. Asparagus. — Conover's Colossal and Argenteuil. Bhuharh. — ^Linnaeus and Victoria. Turnips. — Goldei: Ball and Selected Purple Top Swede. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, W. S. BLAIR, Horticulturist. 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR MANITOBA REPOET OF S. A. BEDFORD, SUPERINTENDENT. Brandon, Man., November 30, 1905. To Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G., Director, Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit, herewith, my eighteenth annual report with details of experiments undertaken and work accomplished on the Experimental Farm for the province of Manitoba. The past winter was a very pleasant one, with abundance of sunshine and very little snow. The month of March was unusually mild and free from storms of all kinds. Several wild plants were in bloom on the 31st. The first seeding of grain was done on the 31st of that month, about ten days earlier than the average. The soil at this date w-as in excellent condition for seeding. April was unusually dry and favourable for seeding, and nearly all the wheat was sown under the very best of conditions by the close of the month. The rainfall during May and June was excessive, and in the Red river valley much of the young grain was seriously injured, but on this farm and in "Western Manitoba generally no damage ensued. The month of July was unusually favourable for all kinds of farm produce, and growth was very ranlc, so much so on this farm that a very large proportion of the grain was badly lodged, and at one time it threatened to be an unusually late harvest, but towards the end of August the temperature increased and grain of all kinds matured very rapidly. During harvest the weather was quite favourable, there was no killing frost until September 11, when the thermometer indicated 5 degrees of frost. The crops were then all saved, hence there was no injury from this cause. The yield of all kinds of grain was above the average, and the province rejoices in one of the most abundant harvests in its history. On the Experimental Farm nearly all kinds of grain, roots and fodder plants gave unusually large returns. EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING WHEAT. Owing to the abundant rainfall during June and July, spring wheat on summer- fallow lodged badly, and at one time it was feared that serious injury would again result from rust, but fortunately conditions were more favourable during August, 1905, and very little injury resulted from this cause. For some reason nearly all the spring wheat grown in Western Canada this year is light in colour, and very little of it grades No. 1 hard. On this farm nearly all of the wheat grades No. 1 northern, and the kernels are plump and well matured. A feature of this year's crop w.as the excellent quality of the straw of Preston wheat. This was quite evident both in the small plots as well as in the larger fields. 16—21 321 322 EXPERIMENT^iL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 Both Ked and White Fife were badly lodged, but Preston stood up fairly v.-oll, and no doubt this fact accounts largely for the better returns obtained from the latter variety. In many parts of this province the injury from smut in wheat has been greater this year than usual, and much loss has resulted. On this Farm all seed grain is treated with either bluostone or formalin, and there has been no injury whatever from this cause. Where the wheat has been treated and smut appears it is evident, either that the proper jaroportion of the drug has not been used or the work has been done carelessly. Thirty varieties of spring wheat were sown this season on April 10 and 12, side by side, on black loam fallowed, the plots being one-twentieth of an acre each. Wheat — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Preston. . . . 2j Laurel SiWhite Fife Huron Advance ReA Fife . .. . Well man's Fife. . . . Haynes' Blue Stem Power's Fife 10 Minne>ota No. 1G.3. lliPercy...- 12|Ri^a 13[Bishop 14, Stanley 15iPringie's Chamjihii; IGjDawii IZjMonarch 18| Australian No. 9... 19,Heri>son I'earded. . 20 Downy Pdga 2liMcKendry's Fife . 2-2: Chester 23jWhite Russian 24 Hungarian White. . 25'Early Kiga 26 Colorado 27jWeldon 28|Counteg3 29,Clyde 30 Red Fern Date of Ripen- ing. Aug. 136 138 141 136 138 141 142 141 139 141 137 134 129 136 136 136 142 140 In. .54 54 51 54 51 49 57 54 52 53 53 47 48 53 47 53 50 50 139' 47 128 47 142 52 136 141 138 130 137 140 137 138 136 Stiff. Fair." Stiff. Fair. Fair. . Stiff. '. Weak Fair. . Stiff. . Weak .Stiff. . Weak. Fair. . -^K In. Kind of Head. Bearded. Bald . . . 3| 4 4 I Bearded. 3r-| M sliBald 4 4 3i 4" 4 3i 3i 4" Bearded. Bald . . . . Bearded Bald . . . . 3.? 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4i 3h 3j!Bearded. Bearded. Bald Bald Bearded. -ceo Lbs. 5,480 7,260 5,960 6,480 5,600 3,680 6,800 6,120 6,760 6,980 6,100 5,640 5,480 5,780 5,700 6,100 6,800 7,340 5.340' 4,900 6,200 6,560 7,360 5,400 5,000 5.400 6,440 4,650 5,640 4,600 Yield ppp Acre. 52 .. 47 40 47 20 47 .. 46 40 45 20 45 .. 44 40 44 .. 43 40 43 20 42 40 42 .. 42 .. 41 40 41 40 41 .. 41 .. 41 .. 40 .. 40 .. 39 .. 39 .. 38 20 38 .. 30 40 36 .. 36 .. 34 20 3.^ 20 "^1 Ru.sted. Lbs 60 Considerably. 58i Slightly. 56 J; Considerably. 60i! 60_5 Slightly. 60i ~ ■ " 58i Gli 00" 59 Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. Slightly. Considerably. 57 55| 59 61 57 60i Slightly. Consideri'.bl}'. Badly. Shghtly. Badly. Sligutly. Considerably. Badly. Slightly. Consider.'ibly. Slightly. CO :,si 56 60 58i 55| 57 58 58 57 60A 55 60 Considerably. EXPERIMENTS WITH MACARONI WHEAT. As rust was not as prevalent as usual this year IMaearoni wheat gave only a slight increase in yield over the ordinary wh-eats. It is unsaleable for milling purposes in this country, and for that reason we do not recommend it for general cultivation. The size of the plots for this test was one-twentieth of an acre, the soil a black loam, summer-fallowed. All were sown on April 12. REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Macaroxi Wheats — Test of Vapjeties 323 Name of Vanety. Date of ripen- ing. C c3 Charactf r of Straw . Length of Head. Kind of Head. si bc«-, Yield l>er Acre. Rusted. Yellow Ghamovka Roumanian Goose Mahmoudi Aug. 29 Sept. 4 II 5 3 139 1-15 140 144 Tn. 51 54 54 46 Weak... In. f Bearded . . Lbs. 6,280 5,700 5,000 4,000 1 3 54 . . 50 . 49 .. 4(5 40 Lbs 59i 02' 62 60 Xonc. Slightly. EXPERIMENTS WITH EMMER AND SPELT. The plots used for this test were one-twentieth of an acre each. The soil a black loam summer-fallowed. All were sown on April 12. Emmer and Spelt — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Common Emmer. Red Emmer. . . . Red Spelt White Spelt .... ?,bC ^ ^ TJ Date c3 S g feg 1— 1 of H'^ JJCO ripen- ing. dS s"3 h 6 Hi In. In. Aug. 27 137 47 Weak... 21 Sept. 4 145 54 II 4 Aug. 29 139 51 Stiff .. . . 3i Sept. 1 142 49 " 5 Kind of Head. Bearded . . Bald ...;.' Lbs. 6,700 6,300 3,600 4,320 Yield per Acre. Lbs. 2,840 2,500 3,500 2,2S0 Rusted. Lbs 45 41 31 27 Badly. A TEST OF FERTILIZERS FOR THE GROWING OF WHEAT. The soil used for this test was a light loam cropped for many years without fer- tilizer of any kind. Judging from this year's test, such soils are benefited by the use of chemical fertilizers. The size of the plots was one- fortieth of an acre each. All were sown on summer- fallowed land on May 5 and harvested 'on September 1. There was no smut and very little rust. The grain was very badly lodged on all the plots. The variety of wheat sown on these plots was Red Fife. 100 lbs. per acre of nitrate of soda, half sprinkled when the grain was 2 in. high, balance when 0 in. high 200 lbs. per acre of nitrate of soda, half sprinkled when the grain was 2 in. high, balance when 0 in. high No fertilizer used Superphosphate, 400 lbs. per acre, spread just before sowing Muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre, spread just before sowing A mixture of 200 lbs. superphosphate, 100 lbs. of nitrate of soda, 100 Jbs. muriate of potash, per acre, half spread before sowing, half when 2 or| 3 inches high 16—211 '■ Length of Straw. Inches. 53 53 53 53 53 53 Length of Head. Inches. 3h 3h ^ 34 Weight of Yield Straw i per per Acre. ! Acre. Weight per Bushel. Lbs. 8,800 8,400 8,000 8,400 8,400 9,200 P5 1-5 46 .. 43 20 38 40 42 40 40 46 55 21 Lbs. 59 5fei 58| 59 59 324 EXFERIMENTAL FARAlt^ 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Different Preparations for a Wheat Crop, (All on Plots of l-20th acre.) Preparation. Wheat after peas . . II roots . M wheat II corn I, flax on summer fallow. . . sown with shoe drill. II disc drill. . sown IJ inches deep „ 3 Rusted. None Badly Sown. May 29 ., .. 29... II 29... II 29... .1 29... I 29. . April 24!!! I. 24 . . . .1 12 .. II 12... Ripe. Aug. 23. 24. 30. 28. 23. 30. 30. 30, 30. 30. Weight of Straw. Lbs. 5,140 5,080 5,100 4,540 3,580 4,780 6,000 6,300 6,500 6,080 Yield i^er Acre. Bush. Lbs. 52 48 45 44 43 37 40 38 45 42 40 40 00 20 00 00 00 20 00 00 Field Plots of Wheat. Variety. Character of Soil. Size of Field Sown. Ripe. Weight per bushel. Yield per Acre. Preston Clay loam . . 10 acres. 6 ,1 8 ,1 11 1. 5 M 5 1, April 4.. 4.. 1, 12.. II 12.. 11 7. . 4.. Aug. 21.. ,. 21.. 11 30.. „ 30.. ,1 20.. ,1 22.. Lbs. 63 63 62 62 63 GC Bush. Lbs. 48 12 36 20 Red Fife 40 45 36 45 Pringle's Champlain Laurel 38 48 37 10 PREVENTIVES OF SMUT IN WHEAT. As mentioned elsewhere there has been an unfortunate increase throughout the Canadian North-west in the amount of smut in wheat. Only 3 per cent of the 1904 crop was rejected for this cause by the inspectors at Winnipeg, but out of a total of 16,603 cars inspected up to November 1 of this year, 994 or 6 per cent have been re- jected. This represents an immense loss to the farmers of this country, nearly all of which could have been avoided by the proper use of such smut preventives as blue- stone and formalin. From information gathered at farmers' meetings I judge that sufficient care is not exercised in the preparation and application of bluestone. Some farmers use cold water to dissolve the drug and do not give it sufficient time to make a complete solution, others fail to thoroughly stir the grain during the time the liquid is appl'ed and a proportion is not moistened. After formalin has been applied to the grain the heap should be w-ell stirred, then covered with canvas or old bags so as to keep in the f umevs. From the accompanying table it will be noticed that both formalin and bluestone were effectual in preventing smut, whether applied by steeping or sprinkling and in addition the treated 'seed gave a larger yield in every instance. This agrees with our experience here in former years and I -am strongly of the opinion that smut in wheat can always be prevented by the proper use of bluestone or of forinalin. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 325 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The seed used for this test was very smutty Red Fife; the size of the plots was one-fortieth acre, the soil a sandy loam summer-fallowed. All were sown on April 25 and harvested on September 29. How Treated. Good heads in 9 sq.ft. Smut heads in 9 sq.ft. Yield per Acre. Smutty wheat sprinkled with 9 oz. of formalin to 10 galls, of water Smutty wheat steeped 5 minutes in 4^ oz. of formalin to 10 galls, of water. Smutty wheat sprinkled with 1 lb. of bluestone to 1 pail of water 428 382 506 522 430 00 00 00 00 61 Bush. Lbs. 38 00 37 00 35 20 Smutty wheat steeped 5 minutes in 5 lb. bluestone to 1 pail of water. . . Smutty wheat not treated 35 00 33 20 A TEST OF SELECTED AND UNSELECTED SEED. During the past year Dr. Charles Saunders, Cerealist of the Dominion Experi- mental Farms, made a careful selection of seed from a number of varieties of wheat, with the object of eliminating the yellow skinned kernels and bringing the sample up to a uniform grade and colour. A portion of the grain was sown here in one-twen- tieth acre plots and adjoining plots of the same size were sown with unselected grain of the same varieties. From the accompanying tables it will ba nA:>tic8d that the selected grain gave the besL returns in every instance : — Bush. Lbs. Preston, selected by Dr. C. Saunders. 52 " unselected, Brandon Experimental Farm 50 20 Percy, selected 43 20 " unselected 35 20 Stanley, selected 42 unselected 37 20 Laurel, selected , . • 47 40 " unselected 43 40 White Fife, selected 47 20 '■ unselected 38 20 Downy Eiga, selected 40 Eiga, selected. 42 40 Early Riga, unselected 38 Note. — Both the Riga and the Downy Riga were selections from the Early Riga. ROTATION OF CROPS. In the spring of 1S99 arrangements were made for a series of rotation plots, the principal object being the maintenance of the fertility of the soil by the ploughing under of a leguminous crop. every third j^ear instead of the usual summer-fallow. As the first field selected for this purpose was flooded in 1902 and 1904, it was considered unsuitable, and a new location was selected this year. The Red Clover was sown at the rate of 12 pounds per acre and mixed clovers in the proportion of 8 pounds of Alfalfa and 6 pounds of Alsike per acre. These legum- inous plants were ploughed under when they reached their fullest development. 326 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1903 The order of rotation is as follows : 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 1905. Pease Tares Eed Clover Alfalfa and Alsikcv 1908. 1907. .Wheat. Wheat. .Wheat Oats. Wheat Wheat. Wheat Barley. Wheat. Wlieat Pease. Wheat Oats Tares. Wheat .Wheat Red Clover. Wheat .Barley Alfalfa and Alsike. Wheat Pease .Wheat. Oats Tares Wheat. Wheat Red Clover Wheat. Barley AJf alf a and Alsike Wheat. Wheat Wheat Summer-fallow. Wheat Oats Summer-fallow. Wheat. ., Barley Summer-fallow. Wheat Wheat Oats. Wheat Barley Oats. Results of Pirst Year^ 1905, Rotation Tests. Name of Variety. Sown. Ripe. Days Matur- ing. Length of Straw. Yield per Acre. Weight per busheL May 6.... 0.... M 20.... „ 20 ... t, (i ... 0... 0 . . . . 0.... 6 .. C... 0.... M JC... 6... C... 0.... 6.... Plow Sept. Aug. >evt. Aug. Sept. ?d under Aug. 6 . G. Sept. 15. ,T 15. '"iis" 118 118 118 118 115 US 103 118 ]18 lis 118 118 Inches. 48 34 20 41 51 51 51 51 51 55 52 42 54 54 52 50 52 Bush. Lb.s. Lbs Tares Red Clover Wheat .... 35 50 30 20 35 00 :3 00 33 30 105 00 35 20 40 10 35 40 35 10 38 10 35 10 35 50 57 Wheat Wheat Wheat 27 . ..." ... . .' . . 57 57 57 Wheat Oats 57 34 Wheat 58 49 Wheat 58 Wheat Wheat Wlieat.. 58 58 58 Wheat 58 Note. -The varieties of grain used in this test were Red Fife wheat, Banner oats, Mensur}' barley and Pride pease. The size of the plots was one-tenth acre each. EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS. Porty-one varieties of oats were tested this year, the crop was a very heavy one. Although nearly every variety was badly lodged early in the season the kernels filled out well and the yield was the largest in the history of this farm. Numerous com- plaints are heard this year of loss from smut in oats. After several years' trial we liave found that smut in this grain can be eradicated by the proper use of formalin. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 327 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Since this rcir.ccly has been used we liave rarely seen a smutty head of oats on the farm. The Daubeney oat was tried this year for the first time; it is extremely early and promises to prove very useful on land infested with wild oats ; if cut on the .very first appearance of the head very few wild oats will have matured, and the immature plants will make excellent fodder either green or cured. The size of the plots in this test of varieties was one-twentieth acre each. The soil was a rich sandy loam, summer-fallowed. Two bushels 'of seed per acre was used. All were sown on April 27 and 28. Oats — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Golden Giant 2 Improved American. 3 Goldfinder 41 Golden Beauty 5 Golden Fleece. .. . 6] Banner , 7 1 Bavarian 8 Abundance 9 Pioneer I .Siberian VVaverley (jrolden Tartarian... Wide Awake White Giant Mennonite 1 Tartar King Black Beaiiry 1 Scotch Potato ' Holstein Prolific, . American Triumph Early Golden Prolific Irisli Victor Buckbee's Illinois . . . American Beauty .... Lincoln.. Kendal White •Joanette Thousand Dollar Swedish Select Daubeney 31 'Danish Island 32 Columbus 33 Green Russian 34 i Sensation 35 Improved Ligowo 36|01ive Black 37|Storm King SSTwentieth Century . . 39jKendai Black 40Milford White 41 Milford Black Aug. 31 27 29 29 29 28 29 26 23 29 29 30 29 26 26 23 23 29 27 30 28 28 27 26. 26 26 27 27 27 15 26 26 24 28 26 30 26 39 30 27 30 M S 1 n ''ox ^s 125 122 123 123 123 123 123 120 117 124 124 124 124 120 120 118 117 123 121 125 122 123 122 120 121 120 121 122 122 109 121 120 119: 123[ 121 124 120 124 124 121 124 Charaa C 97 97 94 98 98 97 98 97 98 97 100 97 98 97 97 i i 13 i cS ■Bm 1^ -flW %m tlC>4-, 2^ face's bCu- c o cj O c ° ■53 0 « Carleton 64 27 28 29 30 Archer Nelson Crown . . . . , Macoun 64 62i 64 63^ DIFFERENT METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR A PEA CROP. ALL ON PLOTS ^ ACKE. Preparation. Peas on summer-fallow II after flax H II corn I. II roots Sown. April 29 .1 29 M 29 I. 29 Ripe. Sept. 3 II 3 „ 3 .1 3 Yield per Acre. Bus. 44 43 42 40 Lbs. 40 26 REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pease and Oats Mixed. 331 Proijortion of seed used. Yield per Acre lbs. Banner oats, 2 pecks Pride peas, 8 pecks per acre. . ., 3 „ „ M 8 „ ,. ;. .. ■ . 1 „ ,- M 8 Sown April 27, Harvested Sept. 1 1. 1 .. 1 3,960 3.820 3; GOO EXPEEIMENTS WITH ELAX. The abundant rainfall of the past season has been favourable for flax, and the yield of both grain and straw is above the average. The soil selected for this test was a rich black loam, summer-fallowed. These plots were all one-fortieth acre each, and the seed was sown in the proportion of 40 lbs. per acre. Elax — Test of Varieties. Varieties. Date of Sowing. Russian Improved Russian. St. Petersburg Novarossick La Plata Common Bombay White Flowering. . Yellow Seeded. . . Riga May 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. 21. Date of Ripening. Sept. Aug. Sept. 1.. 4.. 4.. 2.. 9.. 4.. 1.. 9.. 29.. 1.. Length Weight of of Straw. Straw. Inches. Lbs. 29 2,600 39 3,440 34 4,680 29 2,440 32 2,640 35 3,720 39 3,440 26 2,720 31 3,520 31 2,360 Yield per Acre. Bus. 30 30 29 29 27 27 25 24 20 20 Lbs. 40 30 16 48 8 40 16 40 Wei;?ht per Bushel. Lbs. 55 55 55i 55 55 55i 54| 55^ 54 Mixed Grain Crops. Proportion of Seed used. Sown. Harvested. Yield per Acre. Goose wheat J, Banner oats J, Mensury barley ^ II i, II i. Pride uease i April 27.... ,, 27.... „ 27.... Sept. 1 u 1 „ 1 Lbs. 3,540 3 4 GO Mensury barley J, Banner oats J, Pride pease J 3,620 332 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 THE SALE or SEED GKAIN TO EAR:MERS. For many years past much of the. surplus grain ou this farm has been sold to settlers in Manitoba for seed purposes. Wishing to know how this grain compared with that usually grown by farmers, and whether the product from it was still being used for seed purposes, a circular containing the following questions was sent out to as many of the purchasers as possible : — 1. How did the grain compare with that usually sown by you ? 2. Was it productive? 3. Have you disposed of any grain, produced from it for seed purposes? 4. Have you taken any prizes at the fairs with it? 5. Do you still use the product of this grain for seed purposes? • 6. If so, is it still of good quality? 7. Have you any suggestions to make regarding the sale of seed grain by the Ex- perimental Farm? 8. Remarks. Eighty-two replies were received, of these 75 were favourable, and only 7 un- favourable, the followl-ig are extracts from a few of the replies received: — The Red Fife wheat I purchased from your Farm in 1898 was practically pure, tlicrefore better than my own, and it is still the best wheat aroimd here. I can count eleven, at least, who have been supplied with seed from the product of this lot of wheat. Your institution is proving very useful in supplying seed grain. Wm. Guild, Ivemnay, Man. I procured four bushels of splendid Red Fife wheat from you in 1899 and I con- sider it as good to-day as when I got it from you. I have supplied a number of others with seed, and took the first prize at the fall fair this year. I consider the Experimental Farm the best place to secure pure seed grain. A. West, Plumas, Man. I consider it of great value to the country that reliable seed can be purchased at tlie Experimental Farm. D. W. McCuAiG, Pres. Grain Growers' Assoc, Portage la Prairie, Man. I am much pleased with the seed grain I have purchased from the Experimental Farm, and I have gained many prizes both in the old country and America with grain grown from the seed you supplied me. Wm. Stevens, Virden, Man. The five bushels of Banner oats I purchased from the Experimental Farm in 1899 was superior to any I ever had, it was very productive. I have supplied seed from it to farmers living all along the Canadian Pacific Railway between Stockton and Winni- peg. I think it is the only w.ay for farmers of Manitoba to get pure, reliable seed, and I am very grateful to you for your kindness in selling it to me. J. Caslick, Glenboro, Man. I got four bushels of Banner oats. They proved to be the best oats I have ever grown. I have supplied seed to a number of my neighbours. I also got six bushels of Red Fife wheat. I am still growing the same wheat and find it all right. Jas. ]\Iilne, Oak Lake, Man. The two bushels of Banner oats I purchased from your Farm in 1895 was a very much better yielding strain than any I ever had, they gave a return of 880 bushels from ten acres of summer-fallow. I have supplied seed from this lot to farmers all over this district for twenty miles or more. REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD 333 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 I got five bushels of Red Fife from you in 1899, it yielded better than any of my own grain. I have disposed of a great deal for seed purposes to other farmers. I have taken both a first and second prize with it at our fair. W. R CoLLis, Shoal Lake, Man. I obtained 5 bushels of . Odessa barley from your farm in 1899, I find it much better than the common barley. I sell all I can spare for seed purposes, 50O bushels were sold for this purpose last year. D. B. GuNN, Louis Bridge, Man. I purchased four bushels of Red Fife wheat from your Experimental Farm in 1894 and I think it is the best wheat I ever had. I believe the Experimental Farm is the proper place to buy pure seed. B. C. Craig, Newdale, Man. In 1899 I purchased five bushels of Red Fife from the Experimental Farm, it has given the best yield and best sample of any wheat I ever had. I have supplied seed to neighbouring farms every year. G. H. Underhill, Rapid City, Man. EXPERIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN. This crop was considerably above the average in weight, and the ears were in the late milk stage when cut. In addition to the plots s.own for experimental purposes, about ten acres were sown for ensilage and fodder purposes. The seed was sown on May 19 in rows 30 inches apart. The crop was cut on September 4. The soil was a sandy loam, summer-fallowed. Twenty-two varieties were sown and the yield per acre has been calculated from the weight obtained from two rows, each 66 feet long. Corn — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 1 Longfellow 2iAngel of Midnight 3 Conipton's Early 4 Compton's Early (Cana- I dian seed) 5 Kureka 6 Superior Fodder ... 7 Pride of the North 8 Early Butter 9 North Dakota White. . . . 10 Northern Dent 11 Salzor's All Gold 12 Ked Cob Ensilage 13 Thoroughbred White I FHnt ..... 14 Selected Learning 15 King Philip IG Early Mastodon 17 Giant Prolific Ensilage. . . 18 White Cap Yellow Dent.. 19 Champion White Pearl. 20 Cloud's Early Yellow. . . . 21 Mammoth Cuban 22 Evergreen Sugar Character of Growth. Rank . Fair.. . V. rank Fair Rank . . Fair .. Rank Fair .. Rank Fair.. Rank Fair .. Rank Fair .. Rank Fair .. In. 100 112 108 Leafiness. Leafy . . . Very leafy 110 115 114 112 116 102 118 116 114 106 Very leafy Fairly leafy ti Very leafy Fairly leafy Few leaves Very leafy Fairly leafy Few leaves Fairly leafy Few leaves 104 106 120 118 109 115 111 114 102 Fairlv leafy When Tasselled . Condition when Cut. Weight per acre grown in rows. A.ug. 15. 12. 10. 10. 18. 18. 25. 10. 15. 12 21. 24. 18. 17. 11. 11. 27. 10. 21. 18. 11. 17. Late niilk. Early milk II Late milk. Early milk In tassel . . Early milk 19 18 15 15 13 13 13 11 Earlymilk 11 Late milk. In silk Late milk. Earlymilk Late milk. Weight per acre grown in hills. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. 80 29 80 1,744 21 240 160 17 320 48 23 1,520 1,520 20 920 464 19 1,600 200 17 1,640 1,408 15 1,944 880 19 280 1,560 21 763 240 21 504 1,600 16 736 808 18 960 280 14 512 960 18 960 1,680 10 1,120 1,680 13 400 1,720 16 1,000 1,720 9 1,800 1,720 9 1,008 1,760 9 480 1,760 9 1,800 29 25 25 24 23 23 23 22 22 21 21 19 19 334 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 Indian Corn Sown at Different Distances Apart. Name of Variety. Distance apart. Height. Condition when cut. Weight per Acre, cut green. Clianipicm White Pearl Inches. 24 30 36 42 24 30 36 42 24 30 36 42 Inches. ■ 120 132 130 128 103 103 104 109 110 118 118 124 Early milk Late milk Early milk Tons. Lbs. 21 1,500 23 1,520 23 200 Lonf^fellow 21 240 24 840 23 992 23 1,520 26 120 Kflccted Learning 17 32) 26 801) 20 800 27 1,440 Average Yield at different distances apart. .\verage yield of green corn 24 inches apart. M ■ „ 30 36 42 Tons. Lbs. 21 240 24 1,104 24 840 24 1,933 EXPERIMENTS WITH FIELD ROOTS. All kinds of field roots have given above the average yield and the quality is ex- cellent. As usual two sowings were made of each kind, two weeks intervening between each sowing. Previous to this year all escaped injury from spring frosts and the average gain for five years from early sowing was in the case of turnips, 6 tons 1,515 lbs. ; mangels, 2 tons 1,164 lbs. ; 'and carrots, 3 tons 1,090 lbs. per acre. This 3'ear, for the first time, the young mangel seedlings were slightly injured from the two light frosts of June 9 and 21. This did not, however, maieriilly injure the crop and the yields from the early sowings are much the largest. I am pleased to notice an increased interest taken in the growing of root crops throughout the province. Providing the seeding is done early, large returns can be obtained in nearly all parts of the country with comparatively little labour. EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS. Twenty varieties of turnips were grown on the uniform plots this year. The sea- son was a favourable one and the returns large. For the first time in the history of the farm the leaves were attacked by a fungus growth similar to rust. This was first noticed early in July and in a few days the leaves had a very rusty appearance, but with v/armer I weather it disappeared without apparently injuring the roots. The soil was a sandy loam fertilized in the fall of 1904 with ten loads per acre of well rotted barnyard manure. The previous crop was mangels. REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 335 As usual Iwo sowings were made. In every instance the early sown plots gave the largest returns. The first plots -n-cre sown on May 20, and the second on June 3. The roots from both were pulled on October 4. The estimate of yield has been made from the pro- duce of two rows, each 66 feet long. TuRXiPS — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Bangholm Selected Sutton's Champion Carter's Elepliant Imperial Swede New Century . . . Hartley's Bronze , 7 Good Luck 8 jPerfection Swede 9 Elephant's Master 10 Emperor Swede 11 Hall's Westbury Halewood's Bronze Top., Mammoth Clyde Drummond Puryjle Top. Magnuin Bonum Skirvings .Tumbo East Lothian Selected Purple Top Kangaroo Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons . Lbs. 33 792 30 1,248 30 984 30 456 30 192 29 1,928 29 1,400 29 872 29 344 29 80 27 1,440 27 912 26 1,328 26 536 26 8 25 L744 25 688 25 160 24 48 18 1,224 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Bush. Lbs. 1,113 12 1,020 48 1,016 24 1,007 36 1,003 12 998 48 990 .. 981 12 972 24 908 . . 924 .. 915 12 888 48 875 36 S66 48 862 24 844 48 836 .. 800 48 620 24 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot, Tons. Lbs. 29 17 20 26 18 24 24 19 22 19 27 24 22 21 21 22 19 20 21 16 80 584 656 1,328 432 1,896 48 1,864 1,672 1,336 1,176 1,104 88 768 1,032 1,672 808 1,184 504 1,528 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 9(i8 . . 576 24 677 36 888 48 C07 12 831 30 800 48 064 24 701 12 655 o6 919 30 818 24 734 48 712 43 717 12 701 12 640 48 680 24 70S 24 558 48 EXPERIMENTS WITH MANGELS. We find that mangels are relished by nearly all kinds of farm animals, cat- tle, swine and even chickens eat them readily. Unlike turnips they do not injure the quality of milk and its products. As mangel seed is large and somewhat slow to germinate, the soil should be mel- low and moist and the seed sown from two to three inches deep. The roots are susceptible to injury from fall frosts, for which reason the crop should be pulled before the weather becomes cevere. Seventeen varieties of mangels have been on trial at the Experimental Farm this year. The yield was above the average and all were saved without injiiry. The soil used for this crop was a black loam fertilized in the fall of 190-i with ten loads per acre of well rotted stable manure. The previous crop was turnips. The first sowing was made on May 20 and the second on June 3. All were pulled on Octo- ber 4. The estimate of yield has been made from the product of two rows 66 feet long. 336 EXPEIilMENTAL FARMS Makgels — Test of Varieties. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Name of Variety. 1 Prize Mammoth Long Red.. . . 2 Ideal 3 Selected Mammoth Long Red 4 Mammoth Long Red 6 Yellow Intermediate 6 Prize Winner Yellow Globe.. . 7 Lion Yellow Intermediate . . . 8^ Half Long Sugar Rosy 9 Gate Post Triumph Yellow Globe Giant Yellow Globe Selected Yellow Globe , Mammoth Yellow Intermediate Giant Yellow Intermediate Half Long Sugar White Leviathan Long Red Giant Sugar Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 42 39 38 38 37 36 35 34 33 33 33 32 31 30 30 29 29 744 144 1,880 560 976 192 224 640 1,848 792 944 40 720 720 1,136 80 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Bush. Lbs. 1,412 1,302 1,298 1,276 1,249 1,223 1,170 1,144 1,130 1,113 1,100 1,082 1,034 1,012 1,012 985 968 36 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 23 1,520 22 88 992 840 48 27 1,440 27 384 464 800 27 1,176 14 512 23 24 24 23 26 24 24 29 29 24 25 840 312 80 872 312 160 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 792 .. 734 783 814 800 924 906 774 919 475 814 805 968 981 805 836 12 48 24 24 36 12 12 12 12 EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS. More than an average yield of carrots was obtained this year. This root so much relished by horses has given largely increased returns here since we have practised deep ploughing. This appears to encourage a large development of root. Eleven varieties were tested. The first sowing was made on May 20 and the fcecond on June 3. All were harvested on October 4. The soil was a black sandy loam, fertilized in the fall of 190-i with ten loads of ■v.ell rotted manure per acre. With one exception the early sown plots gave the largest yield. The yield has Uen calculated from the produ-^t jf two rows each 66 feet long. Carrots — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Improved Short White , 2, Giant White Vosges 3|Mammoth White Intermediate 4|New White Intermediate. ...... 5 Ontario Champion Kos Kirches . Carter's Orange Giant Early Gem White Belgian Long Yellow Stump Rooted. Half Long Chantenay Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 32 31 27 27 26 26 25 23 21 19 10 1,120 1,360 1,880 120 1,240 360 600 1,080 1,560 720 1,120 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 1,085 20 1,056 . . 931 20 902 .. 887 20 872 40 843 20 784 40 726 .. 645 20 352 .. Tons. Lbs. 21 22 17 23 21 17 15 20 20 17 14 6S0 1,320 320 1,960 1,120 1,200 360 920 40 1,640 1,920 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 711 755 572 799 718 586 506 682 667 594 498 20 20 20 40 40 20 40 REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 337 EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS. Eight varieties of the^e roots were tes-ted this year, of these only three are recom- mended for use in the manufacture of sugar, viz., Vilmorin's Imiproved, Wanzleben and French Very Rich. All the varieties are, however, particularly iTseful as food for stock. We find young animals relish them better than either mangels or turnips. The yield on this farm was very much above the average, but the three true sugar beets which were tested by Mr. F. T. Shutt, Chemist of the Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa, were not as rich in sugar as usual. The first plots were sown on May 20 and the second on June 3. The early sown plots gave the largest returns in every instance. All were harvested on October 4. The estimate of yield has been made from the product of two rows, each 66 feet long. The soil was a black sandy loam fertilized with ten loads of well rotted manure per acre. The previous crop was potatoes. Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties. !Name of Variety. 1 Red Top Sugar 2 Danish Rfid Top \S Royal (jiant 4 Improved Imperial . . Wanzleben Danish Improved 7 Vilmorin's Improved. 8 French Very Rich . . . Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 544 400 526 52 4(5 33 33 32 680 28 1,024 24 576 21 240 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Busli. 1,742 1,540 1,108 1,100 1,078 950 809 704 Lbs. 24 48 24 36 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 27 120 31 40 25 952 23 1,520 18 960 26 800 15 3G0 16 1,000 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 902 .. 1,034 849 792 616 880 506 550 12 EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES. This useful vegetable has again given a large return. Some of the tubers were not so smooth as usual, but the quality was exoeUent. The potatoes followed a crop of field roots; this plan gives an excellent yield with very little labour in weeding. The soil received a light coat of well rotted barnyard manure in the fall, which was ploughed under and well rolled before winter set in. Dreer's Standard, the variety heading the list this year, was third in productive- ness on this farm in 1904. It is white in colour and of good quality, but it is- rather late for this country. Canadian Beauty, the fifth on the list, is much earlier, nearly as productive and the colour is generally more acceptable to Canadian consumers. As usual the very early kinds were not as productive as the later ones. Forty-nine varieties were tested this year, there was no injury whatever from rot or from the attacks of the Colorado Beetle. The soil selected was a sandy loam. All the varieties were planted on May 16 in rows three feet apart and dug on October 2. The yield has been estimated in each case from the product of one row 66 feet long. 16—22 338 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Name of Variety. Dreer's Standard American Wonder . . . Counvi-y Gentleman. . Uncle Sam Canadian Beauty State of Maine Sabeans Elephant... Morgan '.s Seedling. . . Reeve's Rose Enormous Moneymaker Empire State Holborn Abundance. Rose No. 9 Maule's Thorobred . . Delaware - Rose No.'b White... Early St. George . . Dalmeney Hero Penn Manor Burnaby'.s Seedling.. Swiss Snowflake Late Puritan American Giant. . . . . Vermont Gold Coin. . Cambridge Russet. . . Carman No. 3. . . . Earl}' VVhite Prize.. Early Envoy Irish Cobbler Vick's Extra Early . . Carman No. 1 I. X. L Early Rose Bovee Dalmeney Kidney . . . Everett Seedling No. 7 British Queen Early Elkinah Early Andes Extra Early Eureka. Dooley . . . Rawdon Rose Pingree Admiral Dewey Rochester Rose Naught Six 6° V. rank. Sept. 5. 3 Aug. 28. Not ripe. . Sept. 5. Not ripe,. Aug. 29. Not ripe. . Sept. 2. 3, 1. 2. Not ripe. , Sept. 11 Fair .. . . Rank .. . Fair V. rank. Fair.. . . Rank. . . V. rank. Fair ... . Rank*. . Fair.. . . R.ank. . . Fair.. . . V. rank. Fair . . . . V. rank. Fair Weak '. Fair . . . Rank! '. Weak . . V. rank. Weak . . Rank. . . Aug. Sept. Fair... Bank'.! Weak . . I Aug 3 2 28 5 Aug. 27 Not ripe. Aug. 27 24 Not ripe. Sept. 1 1 Not ripe.i Sept. 1 5 Aug. 23 25 Sept. 23, 1 11 1 Aug. 22 22 Not ripe . Aug. 22 Sept. 5 Not ripe. Aug. 29 5ept. . Fa: Sept. 22. 11. 12. 22. 21. 23. 23. 1. V. large M. to L. V. large Med. . Large. Med. . Large. Large. Med. . Large. Med . Large, M. to L V. large Med. . . . Large. . . M'.'toK V. large M. to L Med. . . Large.. . V. large Large, Med... V. largf Large, Med. . Large. Bu. Lbs. 799 788 762 759 755 744 729 726 722 718 7(»4 700 69G 689 689 685 685 678 671 663 6.56 656 652 638 623 605 605 586 575 575 568 564 561 553 542 535 531 520 4S4 469 454 4.S2 403 381 348 326 308 291 20 20 20 40 00 20 20 40 00 20 40 00 20 40 20 20 40 40 20 00 40 20 20 40 00 20 00 00 40 40 40 20 40 00 40 40 20 40 40 00 20 40 40 20 20 20 20 00 00 33 o *= & o t- . -73 fc- S-5 — o c is a; .^_ aj 858 729 711 689 682 718 696 700 667 630 649 638 663 649 630 630 649 667 586 638 597 583 623 594 579 568 553 568 524 495 502 520 509 524 458 476 506 462 484 432 425 388 377 374 319 300 278 216 227 40 20 20 00 40 40 20 20 40 00 00 40 00 40 40 00 20 40 00 40 00 20 00 20 20 40 20 20 00 20 40 40 20 20 40 00 00 00 40 20 40 40 00 00 40 40 20 20 29 20 69 40 77 73 20 77 00 36 40 47 40 29 20 58 40 91 40 69 40 66 CO 36 40 47 40 58 40 58 40 36 40 18 20 91 40 33 00 66 00 73 20 33 00 58 40 58 40 55 00 51 20 36 40 62 20 80 40 73 20 47 40 55 CO 36 40 95 20 66 00 29 20 69 40 36 40 51 20 44 00 66 00 55 00 29 20 62 20 47 40 47 40 91 40 69 40 Form and Colour. White F. oval. I. long. Pink long. White flat. Light pink, long. Wh. flat, oval. ^Vhite, long. Pink, long. Light pink, oval. White, round. II kidney. .. long. II round. Pink, long, flat. White, long. Pink, round. Mixed, round. Pink, long. White, oval. D. pink, long, oval Pink, oval. White, irregular. Wh. round, long. Wh. oval. Wh. round. Russet, long. Wh . long. Lt. pink, oval. Pink, round. Wh. flat. Wh. pink, flat. \Vhite, flat. Pink, long. Pink, round. „ long. White, oval. Pink, long. D., red. Wh., oval. Pink, kidney. White, round. Pink, kidney. White, round. Light, pink, oval. White, oval. M long. Light, pink, long. White, round. EXPERIMEXTS WITH GRASSES. Owing to abundant rains the yield of grasses and pasture has been good in all parts of this province. It was, however, somewhat difficult to cure owing to heavy- growth and frequent showers. Where the crop is heavy the use of a hay tedder is a great advantage, by its use the hay can be cured quicker and much more uniformly. Wliile Timothy and Western Rye grass can be cured in the bunch or cock, Brome grass requires to be thoroughly cured before being cocked, otherwise it turns dark in colour and is very dusty. REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 339 Variety. Timothy Bald Wheat grass (Elyvius Vir'jinicus) . Western Rye grass (A. tcnerum) Western Rye grass (A. tenerum) Austrian Brome (Bromiis inrrniis) Austrian Brome (Bromus inrrmis) .... Red Top (A'iro.Uis vulgaris) Hard Fescue (FcsUica duriuscula) Sown. Height. Inch. 1902 44 1903 47 1903 53 1902 4S 1903 47 1902 GO 1903 47 1902 38 1900 35 Seed per Acre. Lbs 9 9 11 11 12 12 15 15 Yield of Hay per Acre. Tons. Lbs. 200 1,000 200 100 1,000 1,400 1,900 600 1,000 EXPERIMENTS WITH CLOVEES. The fall of snow was light last winter, but all kinds of clover wintered well, both new and old fields giving fair returns. From several years' ob-servation I am of the opinion that most of the failures with clover can be traced either to the use of a nurse crop of grain the first yeai;, where the gi*ain is allowed to ripen, or to close pasturing in the autumn. We have found that clover invariably winter kills if pastured late in the fall, enough growth should be left to catch the snow, which is one of the very best protectors. OXE ACRE PLOTS OF CLO^'ER. The three plots of clover sown in 190-i produced a luxuriant crop which was a con- stant source of attraction to visiting farmers all summer. The seed was sown on June 1, 1904, on summer-fallowed land with half a bu.shel of barley per acre ; this was cut while green and removed from the ground, the clover then grew rapidly and before winter all three kinds had fully occupied the ground. The accompanying tables give the yield per acre. The alsike clover was only cut once as the aftermath was light. Varieti ^s. Common Red, first cutting. . II second cuttiu; Alfalfa, first cutting II second cutting Alsike , Height. Inch. 43 12 50 24 37 Condition When Cut. Yield of Hay per Acre. Total Yield per Acre. Full bloom. y\j in blcom . Full bloom . Tons. Lbs. Tens. Lb: 395 46S 1,348 552 513 803 1,900 51S The following table gives the yield and other particulars regarding the one- twentieth acre plots of clover, all were sown in spring on ploughed stubble without a nurse crop and the weeds and volunteer crop of grain was kept cut during the first 18— 22A 340 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 summer. The plot of mixed timothy and alsike was very luxuriant, evidently this is a mixture well adapted to this section of country : — Variety. Alfalfa, first cutting II second cutting. . . Total weight of two cuttings. Alfalfa, first cutting. . . 11 second cutting. Total weight of two cuttings Alsike and Timothy . Common Ked Clover. Sown. 1902 1602 1903 1903 Height. Inch. 56 24 1903 1902 49 24 37 to 44 40 Stage when Cut. j'ij in bloom. Fully in bloom. Yield of Hay per Acre. Tons. Lbs. 800 700 3 1,500 1,100 100 3 1,200 3 200 2 1,000 Several acres of clover were sown during May of this year, along with a light seed- ing of oats, with the intention of cutting the grain in a very early stage, but growth was unusually rank and the oats lodged before they could be harvested, and a large pro- portion of the clover plants were smothered. This land has been left in stubble and the condition of the clover will be noted next spring. CLOVER ON LIGHT GRAVELLY UPLAND. In May this year a number of plots of light upland soil were sown to alfalfa and common red clover, both with and without a nurse crop of grain. There was a good catch on all the plots, but the growth of clover was much weaker where a nurse crop was used. None of the clover on these plots w.as mown or pastured, but was left to hold the snow during the winter. EXPERIMENTS WITH MILLETS. Seven varieties of this u.«eful family of plants were grown, they represented nearly all the leading types, and as usual they attracted much attention from visiting farmers. Although it is advisable to have specimen plots here of all the leading varieties, there are actually only three kinds suitable for this country, viz., Hungarian, Common and Green Californian, the other four varieties are all too coarse for general use. Com- mon Millet is the only one that has matured seed here, the others have always been caught by fall frost before maturity. Millet is not a safe food for horses when fed in large quantities, but we have had excellent results from feeding one sheaf per day to each horse during the winter months. As soon as the head is formed the crop is cut and bound loosely, in sinall sheaves, with the grain binder, this is well cured in the stook, and stacked outside until required. This year all the varieties were grown on summer-fallowed land, the soil was a rich black sandy loam; the size of the plots for this test was one-fortieth acre. All were sown on May 27 and cut on September 1. ^ REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 341 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Variety. Description. Height. Stage when Cut. Yield of Hay per Acre. Very coarse Fine quality . . . Coarse Inches. 72 48 55 47 48 33 33 A few heads only Tons. Lbs. 6 200 Hungarian White Round French 4 1,200 4 800 Seed nearly ripe Head just formed Seed nearly ripe Not headed Seed nearly ripe 3 1,800 Fine quality . . . Coarse 3 1,400 Pearl or Cat Tail 2 1,800 Common Fine quality 2 1,400 CATTLE. The herd of cattle on the Experimental Farm now consists of eighteen animals, as follows : — Name of Animal. Breed. Age. Weight. Nancy Rose of Brandon . Crocus , Daisy James Lily of Brandon . Dentry . Haron Snow Drop Marie ... Brandon Duke. . . Christie Gretchen Sis Jenny Margaret Ruben Julia Shorthorn Ayrshire . Guernsey . Grade 5 years 2i „ .. 22 months 16 „ 9 „ 3 years . . 3 „ .. 2 „ 11 months 3 years . . 14 months 5 years . . 7 .. .. 2 „ .. 2 ,- .. 23 months 15 M 1 year. . . Lbs. 1,510 1,290 920 840 660 1,295 1,110 1,410 620 770 760 1,210 1,625 1,050 1,410 970 890 690 EXPERIMENTS IN FEEDING STEERS. YEARLING STEERS COMPARED WITH TWO-YEAR OLD: This experiment was similar to that of last year's test, and the result is very much the same. The twelve animals used for this experiment were Shorthorn grades of fair quality, purchased from a farmer near Oak river, Manitoba. Six of them were about 18 months old when feeding started, and the others about 30 months old. They were purchased early in November, 1904, and cost, delivered at the barn, $3.25 per hundred pounds live weight, and sold in February, 1905, for $4 per hundred pounds. 342 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The yearlings were not nearly as well finished as the two-year olds, and for export purposes would not have realized as much by 50 cents per hundred pounds, but all were killed in Winnipeg, and the purchaser gave the same price for each lot. After two weeks of preparatory feeding they were divided into two groups accord- ing to age. All were tied in stalls and fed all they could eat up clean of the following ration : — Straw 13 lbs. Corn fodder 15 " Corn ensilage 17 " Swede turnips ^ 10 '"' Ground grain 4 to 9 *" DESCRIPTION OF FODDER. The straw, was mixed wheat, oat and barley. The fodder corn was principally Pearce's Prolific cut in the late milk stage and stooked in the field until wanted, both straw and corn fodder were cut into one-inch lengths. The ensilage was also made from the above variety of corn, and was of excellent quality. The grain was composed of one third each of barley, oats and wheat screenings. A layer of cut fodder corn was first spread over the feed room floor, on this was placed successive layers of ensilage, sliced turnips, corn, straw and grain, it was then moistened with water and shoveled into a heap in the corner of the room, when fed 12 hours later fermentation had commenced and the mixture was quite warm. The amount of grain fed was increased slightly each month vmtil the test was com- pleted. CoMPARATWE Gains. Date. Weight. Gain. Total Gain of six Steers. One year old Steers. Original weight of steers. . Weight at end of 1st term M 2nd M Nov. 15,1904.. Deo. 13,1904.. •Jan. 10 1905 Lbs. 4,960 5.3.50 5,545 5 845 6,130 7,175 7,500 7,735 7,905 8,150 Lbs. 390 195 300 285 325 235 2r.o 155 Lbs. 3rd M „ 4th , Two year old Steers Original weight of steers Weight at end of 1st term 2nd , 3rd „ „ 4th I Feb. 7,1905.. March 7, 1905.. Nn-. 15,1904.. Deo. 13,1904.. .Jan. 10, 1005. . Feb. 7,1905.. March 7, 1905.. [ 1,170 I 975 COST OF FEEDING. Six yearling steers — 9,900 lbs. of fodder corn at $4 per ton $19 SO 8,720 " mixed straw at $1 per ton 4 36 6,549 " turnips at 5 cents per bushel 5 45 11,118 " ensilage at $2 per ton.' 11 11 3,996 " ground grain at 75 cents per 100 lbs. ., . , . . 29 97 $70 69 REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Six two-year old steers — 10,000 lbs. of fodder corn at $4 per ton $20 00 8,880 " mixed straw at $1 per ton. 4 44 6,720 " turnips at 5 cents per bushel , 5 60 11,424 '• ensilage at $2 per ton 11 42 4,046 " ground grain at Y5 cents per 100 lbs . 30 34 Summary of Results. $71 80 343 One-year old steers. Two-year old steers First cost of each steer. $ cts. 2r, 86 38 86 Value of feed coni-umed. S cts. 11 78 11 96 Price per steer sold. S cts. •40 86 54 33 Gain per day. Lbs. Oz. 11 07 Profit per steer. $ cts. 2 22 3 51 COXCLUSIOXS. The results of both this and last years' experiments would lead us to the following conclusions : — 1st. The amount of gain in weight per day is practically the same with each lot of steers. 2nd. The two-year olds were in both instances more profitable than the one-year olds. 3rd. There is very little profit in fattening steers when the difference between the buying price in the fall and the selling ptice in the spring is not more than $1 per hun- dred pounds. MILKING COWS. The accompanying table gives the length of the milking period and the weight of milk given by a number of the experimental farm cows for the past year : — Milkijs^g Cows. Name, Myrtle Nancy Alice May Denty Brandon Maid Christie . Gretchen Carrie Pet Jennette Apre. 6 years. Breed. Shorthorn Ayrshire Guernsey Shorthorn Grade Milkint,' Period. Pounds of Milk. 285 days. 365 „ 300 „ 305 „ 298 M 343 „ 331 „ 3.32 „ 253 ,. 313 M 2,9S8i 3,770"' 5,3811 5,278 6,407 9,326 5,790 6,732i 2,854J 6,039 Average each day. 10 11.: 10 .. 17 n 17 .. 21 ,. 27 .. 17 .. 20 „ 11 .. 19 ,. EXPERIMENTS WITH SWINE. The herd of swine on this farm consists of Yorlsshire, Berkshire and Tamworth. feeding pigs on BROME GRASS^ PASTURE AND GRAIN. This experiment was undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining the value of Brome grass pasture when supplemented with a limited amount of grain. Twelve pigs 344 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 19C6 were used for this test, tliey were about six weeks old wlien the test began, six were nearly pure Berkshire and the otheis c'ross-bred York and Berkshire. All were nose- ringed before being turned into the pasture and no daraage was done to the sod. The mixed grain consisted of equal parts of barley, oats and wheat screenings ; this was ground and mixed with water and allowed to soak for a few hours before feeding. This mixture was used during the first few wssks and was replaced later with whole pease fed dry. The mixed grain was valued at 75 cents per hundred pounds and th3 psasa $1 per hundred pounds. The pigs were valued at $2 each when the test began and were sold at $5.25 per hundred pounds, when the test was completed. Amount and Value of Feed Consumed from May 25 to November 10. Mixed grain chopped Whole pease Grain Fed. 900 lbs. 700 M Value of Feed. S6.75 7.00 Summary. Weight when Bought. Value \v\vm Bought. Weight when Sold. Value when Value of Sold. Grain Fed. Profit. 12 pigs 3G0 lbs. S2t.00 1,355 lbs. 871.13 S13.75 833. 3S POULTRY. Three breeds of poultry are kept on the Experimental Farm, namely : — Barred Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes and Rose Comb Minorcas. Both setting hens and incubators were used for hatching purposes, with the re- sults slightly in favour of the hens. One hundred and ten chicks were raised in brooders with less than ten per cent of a loss. ■WHOLE GRAIN COMPARED -WITH GROUND GRAIN FOR FATTENING FOWLS. Eight pure bred Barred Plj-mouth Rock cocksrels were sslested for this test. They were shut up in slatted pens each 2x3 feet. The grain fed was | wheat and J cats. It was finely groimd for No. 1 pen and unground for No. 2 pen. In the esti- mate of cost grain has been valued at 75 cents per hundred pounds. The ground grain was mixed with water to the consistence of thin porridge. Live Weight, Nov. 16. Live Weight, Dec. 7. Gain in 21 Days. Cost of Food. Cost Live Weight per lb. Pen 1, fed ground grain.. Lbs. Oz. 20 10 20 13 Lbs. Oz. 24 10 23 13 Lbs. Oz. 4 00 3 00 Cts. 24 21 Cts. 6 7 REPORT OF MR S. A. BEDFORD 3i5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 COXCLUSIOXS. First, pen 1 consiim'eJ 4 pounds more feed than the others. Second, pen 1 gained twenty-five per cent more tlesh tlian No. 2. Third, the ground feed produced flesh at 6 cents per lb. and whole grain at 7 cents per pound. EXPERIMENTS WITH BEES. Owing to the unusually open fall last year the bees were not placed in their win- ter quarters until November 28. One corner of the dwelling house cellar is used for this purpose; it is partitioned off from the rest of the csllar and k^pt quite dark, the temperature is regulated by means of a chimney flue, which is opened or closed as re- quired. The bees are not placed in the cellar until the temperature here is below 50° above zero. During the winter the temperature is kept between 32° and 47°, it usually registers about 40°. All of the 14 colonies placed in the cellar survived the winter, and with few ex- ceptions they were in excellent condition when placed on their summer stands, on March 24 of this year. All were weighed when placed in their winter quarters and also when set out. There was a large variation in the amount of honey consumed by each colony, the highest was 28 pounds and the lowest 6 pounds. The average con- sumption per colony was 14 pounds. The first pollen was obtained from the Anemone ■patens on April 7. Willow pollen was first gathered on April 21. The first honey was removed from the hives on June 12 and the first swarm appeared on June 28. Thirty-eight pounds of extracted honey was produced per colony, spring count, and eight new swarms obtained. Bees were noticed for the first time working on the Buffalo berry (Shepherdia argentea). A TEST OF WIXTER VENTILATION. When placed in the cellar 9 of the hives were without cloth coverings and the board covers were raised half an inch above the hive sides, thus giving free ventila- tion through the hive. These 9 hives consumed an average of 15J pounds of honey per hive. On the other 5 hives the cloth covering was removed also, but the board covers rested tightly on the sides of the hive, thus allowing very little air to pass through the hive. These 5 hives only consumed 12-i pounds of honey, or 3 pounds less than the others. In both cases the entrances were left wide open. Apparently it is not neces- sary to have a current of air passing through the hive, providing the cellar is kept ■well ventilated. WORKING FOR A LARGE YIELD OF EXTRACTED HONEY. The summers of this province are short, and one of the greatest apiarian problems is to produce the maximum yield of honey in this short period. Last summer two of our colonies, Nos. 3 and No. 4, were in excellent shape for a large production, they were both large early swarms of this summer from two pure Italian colonies; they were hived on empty combs and wer^^ given another super of empty combs a few dayf after swarming. These combs were extracted as follows: — 346 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Lbs. On August 16, No. 4 gave 20 " 18 " 4 " 20 21 " 4 " 15 " 24 " 4 " 22 " 28 " 4 " .. 26 Total for 12 days 103 Lbs. On August 18, No. 3 gave 15 21 " 3 " 19 24 " 3 " 18 " 28 " 3 " 18 Total for 10 days TO None of the combs were sealed over, but the honey was of good quality, and not at all watery. HOETICULTUEE. APPLES. I take pleasure in reporting some further progress in apple culture. This season in addition to a large crop of crab apples amounting to over 45 bushels, two varieties of Standard apples fruited, viz., Hibernal and Duchess of Oldenburg, also a very large number of crosses between the standard apples and the crabs. For some years a considerable amount of both root and top grafting has been car- ried on here, using as stock the Berried crab (Pyrus haccata), a hardy and readily pro- pagated crab apple, and scions from varieties which showed special adaptability to our somewhat rigorous climate. This work has resulted in the production of some very promising fruit and gives us every reason to hope that in a few years we will have a number of varieties of apples hardy in all parts of Manitoba. The tree of Hibernal was root grafted on Berried crab stock in 1901. Although growing in a much exiDosed position it showed only a slight injury on the tips of the branches from winter killing. The fruit was about 3| inches in diameter, and was of good flavour and excellent for cooking purposes. The Duchess of Oldenburg which fruited was the result of top grafting on the Berried crab. The fruit was about 2^ inches in diameter free of scab, of good coloi\r and flavour. Among the other trees that fruited for the first time were some excellent Martha crab seedlings, one in particular named ' Maggie ' is of considerable promise, the flavour greatly resembles that of a standard apple. Each fall the fruit of all the Berried crabs grown on the farm is pulped and the seed sown. This year several thousand seedlings of this tree were grown and will be available for grafting next spring. , TRAXSCEXDEXT CRAB. Most of the trees of this variety that fruited during the year were top grafted on large Pyrus haccata trees in the spring of 1903. The branches were loaded with fruit free of scab and of excellent size and flavour. The successful production of this fruit REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 347 in all parts of Manitoba -would of itself prove a great boon to the settlers of tlie pro- vince. PLUMS. The orchards of this fruit now consist of 358 trees, most of which are selected native seedlings, but there are also a few named varieties and seedlings of the Ameri- can group. Native Manitoba Plum. — These are much earlier than any other plums grown here, many of them ripening their fruit by August 15. Like all seedlings they vary greatly. From many hundreds grown here, about ten are of superior excellence; these are being propagated and some of them willbe available shortly, for testing in other parts of Manitoba, CURRANTS. Thirty-three varieties of currants were grown here this season, most of which produced a fair crop. Just as the fruit commenced to ripen the currant worm appeared but it was quickly checked by a spraying of Hellebore and water. The accompanying table gives the names of the varieties grown, together with the yield and quality of the fruit. Variety. Defiance Houg-h ton Castle Large Red Siiiicoe Pomona Long Bunch Holland . . . . Prince Albert Red Dutch New Red Dutch Goliath North Star Admiral White I mperial Climax , . . . . Large White White Cherry Verriers Whice ^V^lite Dutch Whice Kaiser White Grape . . . . White Pearl . ... Wentv.'ortb's Lovi.\than.. Prince of Wales. Black English Sterling Star Kentish Hero . Eagle Standard Winona Baldwin's Black Dominion . Percy Colour. Red. White Black Flavour. Sweet . Fairly sweet Acid and juicy. . . Sweet, very juicy Sweet and juicy. . , Slightly acid . Sweet 11 thin skin. Very sweet Fairly sweet ... Sweet Slight acid Fairly sweet . . . Sweet Good thin skin . Juicy IT Fairly sweet and juicy Sub-acid and juicy .... Sweet dry thin skin 11 tl'in skin Juicy thick skin, sub-acid. Sub-acid, dry Sweet juicy thick skin. . . . Length of Bunch. Fruit on Bunch. Inches. 2i 2i 2i 2' 2i 2" 2 2 U 2i 3 91 U Well set . Thick set. ! Thinly set. i Thick set.. Thinly set. Thickset. . Thinly set. Thick set. '. Thinly set. Weight from one Bush. Lbs. H U IS 3 n u 2 n 4 1 2i 1 348 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906 GOOSEBERRIES. Twenty-five varieties of gooseberries were grown here this year. Nearly all the varieties were heavily laden with fruit of excellent flavour and fair size. STRAWBERRIES. A number of Alpine strawberries were received from the Central Experimental Farm in the spring of 1904 and made fine growth before winter set in, they were then covered with a light coat of strawy manure, and during the season bore a fair quantity of fruit, but these were eaten by birds before they were ripe. RASPBERRIES. The raspberry crop this season was very good, the yield being much above the average. Every fall the canes are bent over and covered with manure in order to pre- vent winter killing. The following are the varieties which have proven the best both in quantity and quality: Cuthbert, Eeider, Climax, Turner, Empire, Sarah, Niagara and London. AVENUES. The avenue trees on this farm are mostly native ash-leaf maples. Where the eoil is not too wet and is fairly free of alkali they are quite thrifty, but several vacancies have occurred owing to wet land or alkaline soil. One of the best avenues is composed of a double row, native white spruce on the outside and maples on the inside. This avenue is attractive both in summer and winter. The Russian poplar avenue on the eastern boundary of the Farm is still growing vigorously. During the summer months its dark green foliiige and glossy leaves are distinguishable at a long distance, a few of the tretes show signs of canker. Cottonwood trees have only succeeded here, when planted close to running water, on high, well drained land they have invariably rusted badly, for this reason they have not been used for avenue purposes. ABORETUM. A considerable addition was made to the stock of trees during the past season. All were received from the Central Experimental Farm in the spring. These consisted of pines, cedars, silver firs, junipers and several fiowering shrubs, including Philadel- phus in variety and Syringa Amurensis, these were planted in the Arboretum around the superintendent's house, and all made good growth during the season. FALL AND SPRING SOWING OF MAPLE SEED. Until last year we have usually sown native maple seed in the spring, but an experiment was made during the fall of 1904 to ascertain if any advantage accrued from autumn sowing. From one row 270 feet long of spring sown seed 2, GOO trees were obtained while only 900 trees grew in the adjoining row. sown in the fall, this was due largely to the last named germinating early in spring and then freezing ofl:' close to the ground. REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 349 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 VEGETABLE GAEDEN. PEASE — A TEST OP VARIETIES. Forty-eight varieties of pease were sown in the open on May 9. Germination was excellent except with the following varieties: Admiral, Extra Early Leviathan, Dwf. Telephone, and Sharpe's Queen. All of the following varieties ripened their seeds. The accompanying tables are arranged in order of earliness : — Pease — Test of Varieties. Varieties. E. E. Philadelphia. . , . Gregory's Surprise. . . . First of All Extra Early Market.. . American Wonder Nott's Excelsior Alaska Best Extra Early. . . . Prosperity. . Duke of York Duke of Albany Thomas Laxton Sutton's Excelsior . . . . Rivenhall Wonder Sutton's Satisfaction , . Fill Basket Telephone Premium Gem Dwarf Chanipion Prince of Wales McLean's Blue Peter . Extra Early Exonian.. William Hurst Petit Pois S. B. Everbearing . . . . McLean's Little Gem , Shropshire Hero British Empire Hor. Market Garden. . Pride of the Market . . Imp. Stratagem Heroine Yorkshire Hero Queen Pea. . Abundance. . Burpee's Profusion . . . Juno Pea ... . Telegraph ..... Laxton 's Alpha Reliance Champion of England Sown. May Blossom June 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 p 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 y 9 9 9 9 9 June 9'July 9[ M July Jnne July June July June July June July In. 2| 3 2| 2h 3 3 3 2 3i 4 4i 3 3 4 3 ^ 3 3i 2| 2^ 2i 3 3 3 3 4i 3 4 3^ 4 H 2| 3; 4 2* 3" 3h be o In. 42 36 30 36 24 24 42 24 48 48 72 36 24 24 36 30 54 30 30 36 24 36 24 36 36 48 48 36 36 36 06 48 30 48 36 48 36 48 48 CO 7- 8 6- 8 7 7- 8 7 6- 8 6 6 8- 9 7- 9 8- 9 6 6- 7 4- 6 4- 6 7- 9 8-10 4- 6 6 4- 7 6 6 8 10 4- 6 6 8 10 9 9 5- 8 8 5 9 6 5 8 7 7 5 6 Flavour. Sweet Poor Good Very sweet . . . Poor Very sweet . . . Sweet Very sweet . . . Good Very good Very sweet . . . Very good . . . Poor . . Sweet Very sweet . . Sweet Very sweet . . Poor Fairly sweet. Very sweet.. . Sweet Fairly sweet. Very sweet . . Sweet Very sweet . . Fairly sweet. Sweet Poor, dry . . . Dry Poor Sweet Fairly sweet. Ready for use. July Aug. Produc- tiveness. Fairly. Very. Very. 15: 10 12 15 15 151 15 Not. 15 1 Very. 18; Not. 20 Very. 20; „ 20 Fairly. 20 „ 22 ,. 22 22' 22 22 Not. 24 Fairly. 24| „ 24! ., 22 Very. 20j „ 24r ,, 1 Fairly. 1 „ 1 u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 „ IjEairly. liVery. 5 II Very. Fairly. Very. Fairly. Very. 350 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 CUCUMBERS. Twenty-nine varieties lof cucumbers were sown in the open on May 23, in hills six feet apart each way. Although they were greatly injured by the June frost a very heavy crop of fruit was harvested. The following is the result of this test : — Varieties. Arl. Ely. White Spine. New Siberian Green Prolific Paris Pickling Cool and Crisp Ely . White Spine S. B. Evergreen Cumberland Boston Pickling White Wonder Evergreen Cluster Short Green Imp . Long Green Chic. Wrsterfield New Oi'leans Prince. . . . Hills F. W. Spine Jap. Climbing Tailby Hybrid ......... Short Green Gherkin. . . Farquliar's Perfection . Thorburn's Everb.!5ting. Pride of Canada Nichol's Med . Gem .... Giant Pera Long Green Turkey Produc- tiveness, Moderately . Very Productive . Med........ V. prolific. . Productive . Very Fairly . , . . . Very Fairly . . . Very Fairly Mod ■. . Fairly Very . V. prolific. Not Prolific... Productive Length. In. G 7 5i 6" Si 11 5i 10 8i Colour . Lt. green. Dk. green. Lt. Dk. Lt. Dk. White 2^ ILt. green. 2i Dk. green Lt. Lt. White. Green. Lt. gr€ Dk. Peady for Use. Aug. Weight. Czs. Flavour ami Textuie. 11 :Good. 12 Fair. 9 V. good. Ill (Good. 8 Fair. V. good 9 12 8 10 7 6 9 8 10 12 11 7 0 7 8 5h 12' 0 12 10 Good. Very. * Fair. V. good. Fair. V. good. Poor. Good. Fair. Good. Fair. V. good. Good. E.vcellent. V. good. OXIONS. Six varieties of onions were sown on March 29 in rows 12 inches apart, by hand. The germination was good in all cases and the varieties gave about an average in yield and quality. The following gi^es the result of this test arranged in order of productiveness: — Variety. Danver's Yellow Globe. . . Trebon's Large Yellow Red Wethersfield Market Favorite Keeping Au.stralian Yellow Globe. Sown. Pulled. Colour. Mar. 29'Scpt. 18. Shape. Light yellow Globular M M Globe . . . Dark red . . . Flat Dark yellow n . . . . Light M Globular. I -tJ m < Oz. 51 G" Ah 41 '-: a;, a Bush. 517 591 528 17G 513 REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD 351 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 SQUASH AND PUMPKINS. Five varieties of squash and pumpkins were sown in the open on May 15, in hills 8 feet apart each way. The late spring frost prevented the best results being obtained, although a fair crop was harvested, the varieties coming quite up to their average size. The following results were obtained : — i^ Lbs. 7i 13 11 25 6 Varieties. Orange Marrow Long White Bush Marrow. English Vegetable jMarrow Field Pumpkin Sweet or Sugar Pumpkin. . Sown. Yellow Yw. white, Yellow Dk. yellow. Texture and Flavour. m S « p. c. Very good . . 90 100 II 95 Very coarse. II good . . 85 90 FRENCH BEANS. Seven varieties of beans were sown in the open on May 13, in rows 30 inches apart, but on account of the June frost rather a light crop was obtained. The results of this test are given below. The varieties being arranged in order of earliuess : — Varieties. Dwf. Matchless ... . Fame of Vitry Dwf. Extra Early Dwf. B. Speckled Dwf. Early China Emperor of Russia B. B. Arlington Windsor Sown. May 13 . 13. 13 13. 13. 13. 13. Ready for use. .Tu y 27. 27 29 29. 27. 29. 25. Length of I3od. Inches. 6 7 Gi 7| 6 0 5 Productiveness. Very Prolific. Fairly. Verj- productive. PARSNnPS. One variety of parsnips was sown on April 3, one foot apart, by hand, and lifted October 19. The variety was Hollow Crown, and the yield per acre was 946 bushels. CARROTS. Three varieties of carrots were sown in the open on May 11 in rows one foot apart. The yield of all the varieties was an average one. 352 EXPEBIMEXTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 CABBAGE. Eight varieties of cabbage were sown under glass on March 28, and transplanted to the open on May 15. All did well. The following table gives the results of the test: — Varieties. Paris Market Express . . Early Jersey Wakefield Fottler's Improved Winnigstadt Savoy Cabbage Large flat Drumhead . . Marblehead Sown. March 28. 28. 28. 28. 28. 28. 28. 28. Planted out. Ready for May 15.. 15.. 15.. 15.. 15.. 15.. 15.. 15.. June 25 . . M 25 . . 20.. 20.. 31.. 31.. 15.. 25.. July Aug. Description. Solid. . . V.'solid. V. good Solid. . , Coarse.. Average weight. Lbs. 6^ 7i 7 6 7h 6i 12 14 SWEET CORN. Eive varieties of corn were sown this year. Squaw corn was the only variety which ripened. The following are the results obtained from this test: — Varieties. Squaw Com New Premo Extra Early White Cory Sweet Peep O'day New Windsor Sown. May 13. „ 13. „ 13 . „ 13. „ 13. Ready for use. August 5. . 15.. 15.. 20.. 23.. Flavour. Good Very good Good..".. Seed ripened. Sept. 20. Did not ripen. GARDEX TURXIPS Four varieties of turnips were sown in the open on May 11, by hand, in rows 2 feet apart. The yield per acre has been calculated from the yield of one row 66 feet long. Variety. Robertson's Golden Ball. . Extra Early White Milan Early Stone E. W. S. A. Stone...... Sown. May 11.. 11.. 11.. 11.. Ready for use. Julyl... M 1... „ 1... M 1.. Shape. Round. Flat . Round Flavc Good Fairly good Fair Lifted. Sept. 20. ,. 20. ,. 20. M 20. Yield per Acre. Tons. Lbs 49 1000 12 1080 36 270 29 1400 REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 353 BEETS. Three varieties of beets were sown in the open on May 11, in rows 2 feet apart, and were lifted September 19. Average yield per acre, 31 tons. TOMATOES. Two varieties of tomatoes were sown iinder glass and transplanted to the open on June 1. These were all killed with the June frost, but were replaced with a fresh lot of plants, and they produced a large quantity of ripe fruit. CAULIFLOWER. Three varieties were sown under glass March 28, and transplanted to the open May 15. The following are the results obtained: — Variety. Early Snow Ball Half Early Paris Dwarf Erfurt Sown. March 28... 28... 28... Planted out. May 15. M 15 „ 15. Ready for use. Description . •Tune 24.... Good „ 30....: Very •July 15 . . . M Average weight. Lbs. 3i RHUBARB. Eighteen varieties of this useful plant were grown here for testing purposes thi season. All varieties did well. The following are the results obtained: — Variety. Greenish . Samyster's Prince of Wales Early Scarlet Early Prince , Tobolsk Paragon Prince Albert . Magnum Bonum Brabant's Colossal Early Crimson Scarlet Nonpareil General Taylor Giant Salt's Perfection Royal Albert Strawberry Tottle's Improved Victoria iLightred Myatt's Linnffius , 16—23 Colour. Light red. Deep red.. . Light red . . Light red. . . Greenish . . Red Green Red Green Deep red.. . Light red . . . Light green. Texture. Soft Crisp Very crisp. Crisp Stringy Crisp . Stringy ... Soft Crisp Stringy ... Tender. . . . Very poor. Crisp Tender . . . . Crisp Tough , Weight per Plant. Lbs. 12 12 21 36 23 37 39 41 24 30 29 43 9 22 .% 28 37 47 Flavour. Very good, juicy. Good. Juicy. Acid. Very acid. Sweet. Good. Poor. Very tart. Tuicy. Poor. •Tuicy. Poor. Acid. Good. Very good. Good. Fairly good. 354 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 FLOWEE GAEDEK A large number of annuals were, as usual, sown in shallow boxes under glass and transplanted to the flower garden on June 1, most of them made a fine display of varied colours. Some difficulty was experienced in bringing some of the seedlings through safel5^ On account of late spring frosts Balsams, Zinnias and Tagetes were completely destroyed on April 30 in spite of the protection afforded by a thick covering of canvas. A second sowing on April 30 produced good strong plants, which were soon available for planting. ANNUALS SOWN OUTSIDE, The following mixed collection of annuals sown in the open on May 10 made a fine colour effect, visitors frequently expressing their admiration of the charming display : — Clarkia mixed, Portulaca double. Coreopsis, Poppies mixed, Candytuft, Gypsophila elegans, Abronia umbellata, Nasturtium mixed, Godetia, Sweet Alyssum. TENDER PERENNIAL BULBS. A test was made last year of tender bulbs to ascertain the possibility of flowering some of the more tender kinds, such as Hyacinths, Narcissi, &c., by using a heavy cov- ering of strawy manure. The covering was taken off in the spring. Most of the bulbs on examination were found to be rotten, the Narcissus, however, came through safely and produced some magnificent blooms. The varieties saved were (Sir Watkm and Emperor. A fine lot of different varieties of bulbs have been added to the collec- tion this season; these have been planted in beds and borders. IRIS KAEMPFERi {Japan Iris). A valuable addition to our collection of this beautiful perennial was received from the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, in the spring of 1905 and planted in the perennial garden. These produced some very fine' specimens of blooms, which were greatly admired. The following is a list of those that flowered : — Name. Colour. Kasu-gano Light blue Shiye-iio-yuki 'Purple Datedogu iPink Koki-no-iro iPurple Senjo-nohora jPink striped. . Tsutsu-izutsu jP. Wh. striped. Suiiiida-gawa jWhitish Goko-iio-asobi 'Purple Number Diameter of of Petal.-'. Plower. Inches. G G 3 5 5 G 6 G G 0 6 G 3 6 8 4 Height. Inches. 15 15 18 15 12 12 15 14 Time of rioweriig'. July 30 „ 30 „ 30 Aug. 2 ,. 2 I, 2 PAEONiA OFFICINALIS (Hertaceous Paeonies). We would again call particular attention to this king of hardy herbaceous peren- nials often erroneously called 'Piney Eose.' It is a matter of regret that although REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 355 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 adapted in every way to the climatic conditions of tlie west comp-aratively few can be found throughout Manitoba. With a constitution that obviates the necessity of the slightest protection and increasing in size of plant and number of blooms from year to year, a few plants give such generous returns for a small expenditure of labour. The Paeony begins to bloom toward the end of June and continues throughout July with flowers ranging from 8 to 10 inches in diameter of various colours, many of them possessing a delicate perfume. They present a mass of colour, which never fails to elicit the greatest admiration. Some of the clumps on the Experimental Farm are now 4 to 6 feet in diameter and produce annually an average of 30 to 40 flowers each, perfectly double and of the most delicate colouring and texture. It is a fact worthj^ of note that although many of the clumps growing on the farm have remained in the same position since planting (eight to ten years ago) that they show no symptoms of deterioration, which is quite contrary to the general opinion that they require lifting and dividing every few years. Many varieties can now be piirchased having a wide range of colour and form, this fact, combined with their exceeding hardiness and freedom from disease, places them in the foremost rank of our hardy herbaceous perennials. We may mention that pro- pagation is effected by division of the root in a similar manner to that of rhubarb. DISTEIBUTION OF GKAIN, POTATOES, FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c Seedling trees and shrubs pkgs- 600 Potatoes in 3-lb. bags 206 Wheat in 3-lb. " 131 Oats in 3db. " 100 Barley in 3-lb. " 40 Pease in 3-lb. " 72 Maple seed in 1-lb bags 80 Rhubarb seed -pkgs. 33 Total 1,229 Number of farmers reporting on their experience with oats. ... 15 " " " " wheat . . 11 " " " barley . 5 " " " " potatoes. 42 " " " " pease . . 5 Largest yield obtnir.od from 3 lbs. wheat (Preston) 110 lbs. " ' " 3 '•' oats (Banner) 101 " " " 3 " barley (Odessa) 72 " " " 3 " potatoes (Uncle Sam) . . 272 " " " 3 " pease (English Grey) . . 55 " VISITORS. Owing to the great interest taken in the agricultural advancement and possibilities of this country, and the increased importance of the city of Brandon as a centre for farming purposes, the number of visitors to the Experimental Farm is increasing every year. It is estimated that over 18,000 visitors called at the farm during the past year. A large number of these were parties examining the country with the idea of becoming settlers in the west. The farm was also visited by a number of the leading newspaper correspondents of the United States, and favourable comments were made on the work of this farm by the newspapers they represent. Many excursion trains were run to the farm from towns on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, also from along the line of the Pembina branch. IG— 23^ 356 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 FAEMERS' MEETINGS. During the year more farmers' meetings were attended by me than usual. The attendance at these meetings was generally large, and considerable interest was show.n in the subjects discussed. Meetings were attended and addresses given at the following places : — Portage la Prairie December 12, 1904 Winnipeg January 25, 1905 Brandon February 8, 1905 Minnedosa " 16, 1905 Winnipeg " 24, 25, 1905 Deloraine May 29, 1905 Melita " 30, 1905 Hartney " 31, 1905 Souris June 1, 1905 Eeston " 2, 1905 Virden " 3, 1905 Portage la Prairie " 13, 1905 Rapid City " 15, 1905 Portage la Prairie October 29, 1905 Meteorological Tables for Brandon, Man. Months. 1904. December 1905. January. . February. . March April May June July Aus^ust . . . , September . October . . November . Highest Temperature. Day. Deg. 29 40 18 30 27 47 25 60 25 78 31 80 3 86 10 87 3 85 27 87 3 73 10 56 Lowest Temperature. Day. Deg. 27 -34 10 2 10 30 5 10 24 23 24 28 30 —45 —43 —21 11 21 31 39 39 33 —3 —24 Total Rainfall. Inches. •72 •00 2-59 4-53 40G 2-37 302 •15 11 17-61 Total Snowfall. Inches. 2 8 1 H '2" 5 1 2 21i Total Sunshine. Hours. 617 118 165 57 ■215 208 187 297 249 206 124 1,979-8 SAMPLES FOR EXHIBITION. A number of samples have been prepared for the immigration offices and for ex- hibitions held in Europe and other places. The Department of the Interior was also supplied with a quantity of grain and grasses for the same purpose. CORRESPONDENCE. During the past year 4,Y83 letters were received and 3,140 despatched, irrespective of circulars sent out. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, S. A. BEDFORD, Superintendent. I 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 EXPEROIEXTAL FaRM^ IxdIAN HeaD, SasK.^ November 30, 1905. Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G., Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit to you the eighteenth annual report of the ope- rations of the Experimental Earm for the North-west Territories at Indian Head. Sask., during the year 1905. The past season has been, without an exeei^tion, the most favourable for grain of all sorts the Territories have ever experienced. In past years, over so wide an extent of terriiory, some districts or large sections of country would have more or less poor crops. This year, however, all rejoice in a most bountiful harvest. In many plac&s the crop was excessively heavy, causing considerable expense in securing it. Very little snow fell during last winter, and after Eebroiiry li little or no severe weather took place. Seeding could have been done in any part of the Territories dur- ing tlie last half of February and all of March, and in s;ome cases grain was sown within this period. April opened very fine, and seeding became general over the whole country the first few days. During the month pne or two cold spells occurred, but did not inter- fere with seeding, which was completed early, and better than for many preceding springs. Grain as a rule germinated early and evenly, and under heavy showers and warm weather in May and June growth was very rapid, and in some districts very rank. Harvest commenced from August 20 to 25, as a rale, with som.3 districts a few days earlier. Unfavourable weather, with heavy showers, retarded the catting. No delay in harvesting took place from backward growth, as the grain all ripened evenly and fast. On September 4 the temperature was very near the freezing point, and no doubt, from results shown by threshing, did reach that point in some places. The first frost shown by instruments on the Experim.ental Farm was on Tuesday, September 12, when one degree was recorded. From the excessive quantity of straw, and unfavourable weather, threshing has been both tedious and expensive this fall, and at the present time considerable has yet to be done. Very heavy yields are being obtained everywhere, showing the wonderful fertility of the soil when conditions are favourable. EXPERIMENTAL FARM CROPS. The crops on the Experimental Farm have never been so uniformly good as they were this year. Some of the uniform test plots of wheat, through being too heavy, lodged badly and rusted, and were considerably injured, especially in the sample. All field crops, whether grain or roots, were good both in yield and quality. Straw in many cases lodged badly, but chiefly from heavy rain after fiUing, and the returns do 357 358 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 19DS not seem to have been lessened, though the cost of harvesting was increased, as nearly every acre on the farm had to be cut one way. Barley harvest commenced August 11, and everything was in stook on Septem- ber 8. EXPEEIMENTS WITH WHEAT. Thirty-four varieties of wheat were sown in uniform plots of 0!i3-tw3ntieth acre on April 6 on fallowed land. In all casos the yield of straw was exc^slve and lodged badly, and the early sorts were struck by rust and injured to a great extent. The land on which the uniform plots of wheat, oats and barley w'cre sown was manured for roots three years ago, which no doubt was one of th3 causes of the exces- sive yield of straw on all the plots, and probably helped the rust in its work. Sppjxg Wheat — Ujsiform Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Minnesota No. 1G3 2 Huron (Ottawa Seed) 3 Haynes' Blue Stem, Minn. 1G9 4 White Fife McKendry's Fife, Minn. 181 G Bishop 7 Welhnan's Fife 8 Dawn 9 Percy (Ottawa Seed) 10 j Australian No. 0 ■lliStanley (Ottawa Seed) 12! Laurel (Ottawa Seed) 13 Power's Fife, Minn. 149 ... 14;Huron (Indian Head Seed).. 15 [Laurel m n IG Stanley „ ,1 .. 17JChester 181 Pre.ston (Ottawa Seed) 19'Red Fife 20 Preston (Indian Head Seed) '. . 2l'Monarch 22:Countesh 23|Colorarlo 24!Clyde 25! Advance 2G:Percy (Indian Head Seed). 27iPrinKle'8 Chaniplain 28JRed Fern 29|Heris3on Bearded 30 Riga .... 31 Downy Riga 32iVVeldon 33|Early Riga 34, Hungarian White Aug. 28 26 U, rt 2 'C a Of^ 1 ^ 1 ;3 ^ I— I tc S be 144 31 147 31 147 31 147 2() 142 29 145 19 135 25 141 28 144 25 141 28 144 30 14G « 29 145 25 141 2G 142 * 29 145 * 30 140 * 142 25 141 25 141 2G 142 27 143 27 143 19 135 19 135 27 143 19 135 In. 54 50 51 51 55 47 59 51 53 52 53 52 51 53 52 54 52 50 50 54 53 51 51 56 49 50 50 52 50 52 47 54 48 51 Medium Weak Medium Weak . . Medium Weak . . Medium ^X Kind of Head. Weak . . Medium Weak . Medium " -I Weak . '. I II . .j Medium; Strong. . i 11 . . ' Medium: Weak . . I Medium Strong. . j Bald.... Bearded Bald.... In. 31 4- 4 4 4i 3I 4i 3I 4" 4 4i 4h 3| 4 I Bearded 4J!iBald.... 4i „ ... 4" ,1 ..: 4 I Bearded .Sf^Bald.... 4 I Bearded Bald.... Bearded Bald.... Bearded Bald.... 4^1 Bearded 4.'-, .1 . 3iBald. 3' 4 Bearded! Lbs. 6,010 6,040 5,080 6,800 7,820 5,740 4,540 6,700 6,900 7,980 G,iSO 5,380 4,3'-^0 7,800 7,420 5,320 5,320 6,140 5,740 8,280 4,900 7,000 5,140 6,380 7,200 4,620 7,520 6,740 7,600 5,040 4,720 4,800 4,140 8,700 g J Lb: < 2 1-5 46 43 40 43 40 43 20 43 43 43 41 40 41 40 41 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 39 40 38 38 37 40 37 40 :;5 20 35 33 20 31 30 26 30 29 40 28 27 40 26 40 21 20 23 40 23 20 20 16 40 j^ m -1 p* ,^ s.5-0 61 56 6U 59| 59' 59 5ih 56" 60i 56' 57 61^ 55^ 56i 55} 57 59i 56 60 53} 59} 5U 5ih 55 58^ £8 59 50 50 50 50 57h * These varieties were not fully ripe when cut, but were cut on account of beins affected with rust. Number of days from sowing to cutting, 135. badly WHEAT — TEST OF VARIETIES IN FIELD LOTS. Nine varieties of wheat were sown in field lots, on fallowed land, clay loam, at the rate of 1 J bushels seed per acre. Huron and Preston, sown alongside each other, gave REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKA7 359 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 the best yields this year. Huron was almost entirely lodged, and alongside of a hedge was rusted slightly. Percy and Stanley were injured by winds in the spring to some extent, causing the yields to be below what they otherwise would have been. Preston v.-as ripe 9 days earlier than Red Fife, which was sown one day earlier in April. Wheat — Test of Varieties in Field Lots. Name of Variety. Huron Preston Laurel Red Fife White Fife Percy Riga Early Riga Stanley Pringle's Cbampl 1 o PM >4-l S «4-« o z^ u ■^;^ N A m C) Acres. 5 Aug. 23. 10 M 21. 5i Sept. 1. 5i ,. 1. 4| M 1. 5; „ 22. ■ • M 19. 2 ,. 20. 5: M 22. 1 2 M 29. 140 139 151 151 150 141 135 138 141 147 oM Kind of Head. In. 3i Bearded 4" i 3i Bald 3| 3i 3 3 Si 4i Bearded Yi eld per Acre. no 47 12 46 54 42 26 42 3 37 35 32 53 32 31 50 31 4 28 28 Weight per measured bushel after cleaning. Lbs. 62 62^ 574 61 59i 59 60 60 59 62 Rusted. Considerably on leaves. Slightly on leaves. Badlv !! Slightly Badly Considerably on leaves. Slightly on leaves. Considerably on leaves. Wheat Crop axd Average Yield. Variet'^ Huron Preston Laurel Red Fife White Fife Percy Riga Early Riga Stanlej' Pringle's Champlain Cultivation. Fallow Acres. 5 10 5i Si 4| 5i \ 4 44 Yield per Acre. Bush. 47 46 42 42 37 32 32 31 31 28 Lbs 12 54 26 3 35 53 50 4 28 Total Yield. Bush. Lbs. 236 469 222 231 178 172 8 23 163 56 1,702 46 16 31 38 52 6 56 An aver.age of 40 bushels 3 lbs. per acre. 860 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWAi=?D VII., A. 1906 COilPARISON OF FIELD LOTS OF WHEAT FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS. Below will be found dates of seeding and ripening, number of days maturing, and yield of Red Fife and four of the early cross-bred wheats for 1905, and also the aver- ages for the last five years. The five varieties have been grown each year in field lots, under the same conditions, except that the seeding could not in all cases be done on the same day. Vaiiety. 1905. Average No. of days to mature. Days less than Red Fife. Average Date sown. Date ripe. Days to mature. Yield. yield Red Fife April 3.. 4.. 3.. 3.. 5.. Sept. 1.. Aug. 21.. „ 22.. M 22.. „ 23.. 151 139 141 141 140 Bus. Lbs. 42 3 4G 54 31 4 32 53 47 12 135-6 125-4 125- 127-8 123-4 "16-2" 10-G 7-8 12-2 Bus. Lbs. 40 47 Preston (Red Fife x Ladoga)., Stanley n m Percy (White Fife x Ladoga) . . Huron u m 39 32 3G 17 32 40 42 5G SPRING WHEAT — TEST OF FERTILIZERS. Six plots of l-40th acre each were sown with Red Fife wheat on ]\Iay 2, with hoc drill, at the rate of li bushels per acre. Soil clay loam. be ^bb i i 'C ^ ^ 6 a d C U-, ci !^ 03 U-. ci ^ "-3 Name of Variety. Date of Ripeni ■502 bo S 1-5 Characte of Str a CD 'S >5 Rusted. In. In. Lbs. 4 -J. Plot No. 1 — Nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. per acre « 3 (half sown when grain was 2 in. high, balance when 6 in. high ) Sept. 4. 125 55 Medium 4 G,2S0 42 .. Considerably. Plot No. 2— Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre (half sown when grain was 2 in. high, balance when G in. high) M 4. 125 48 II 4 5,400 43 20 ,, Plot No. 3- Superphosphate No. 1, 400 lbs. per acre (sown before grain and harrowed) M 4. i2o 52 II H G,920 38 .. II Plot No. 4— Check plot, unfertilized M 4. 125 48 II 4 7,240 42 40 II Plot No. 5— Muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre (sown before grain and harrowed). . . -, 3. 124 49 Weak... 4 4,7G0 47 20 It Plot No. G— Superphosphate No. 1, 200 lbs. per acre ; muriate of potash, 100 lbs. per acre ; nitrate of .soda, 100 lbs. per acre (half sown befoie grain and harrowed, balance when the grain was 2 in. high). . . „ 3. 124 54 " • • ■ H 5,840 42 40 " REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY 361 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 MACARONI AVHEAT — TEST OF VARIETIES. Four varieties were sown April 6, in l-20th acre plots on fallowed land, clay loam. All were badly lodged from heavy grow.th of straw. Name of Variety. 1 Goose 2 Yellow Gharnovka 3 Mahmoudi 4 Roumanian Aug. 28 „ 28 ,. 28 ,. 2G >> • 0 J3 1'^ 1^ 0) "^ v. so U'^ tD TJ fee a C ^^ ^ ^^ W ^^ In. In. Lbs. 144 53 Weak.. . 3i Bearded 10,440 144 55 II 3 „ 10,140 144 54 11 .. 3 „ 8,360 14-2 54 3 " 8,000 s<< Bush. Lbs 54 40 20 40 -f ft Lbs. G4| 64 63 63 Rusted. Considerably on leaves. EMMER AXD SPELT. Two varieties of siselt and two of emmer were sown April 8, by hoe drill on fallowed land, clay loam. Plots were l-20th acre each. One acre of Common emmer, and two small plots of White spelt were also sown, the results being shown below : — Name of Variety. Date of Ripening. 00 1^ S Cluiracter of Straw. c I' o 1-3 1' o 3 ■© >5 11 '3 In. In. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 1 Red Spelt .\ug. 28 142 51 Medium 4i Bald.... 5,380 3,420 33 2 White Spelt ,1 28 142 55 Strong. . G 11 ... 4,260 3,340 34 3 Red Emmer • „ 30 144 51 Weak... 4 Bearded 5,560 3,0J0 401 4 Common Emmer M 28 142 50 ,1 .. 3} " 4,460 2,940 48 Common Emmer ... ,1 29 125 51 ,j 2| „ 3,124 White Spelt ,1 29 n'>. 50 Strong. . 5i Bald.... 2,435 2,344 „ 28 121 60 6 SUMMER FALLOWS. In view of the gi'eat importance of properly prei)aring land for crops, and of the large number of new settlers coming into the country, I make no excuse for repeating what was said in my last three reports respecting summer-fallows, and breaking up and cultivating new prairie land. It is very gratifying to know that throughout the Territories, summer-fallowing is rapidly becoming general. 'No matter where farming is carried on, the farmers realize that to be sure of a crop they must prepare a portion of their land the year before the crop is grown, and apart from the value of the stored moisture, there is the inestimable advantage of keeping weeds from overrunning the farm. The true worth of properly prepared fallows has been clearly demonstrated in past years in every grain-growing district of Assiniboia. The work of preparing land for crop by fallowing is carried on in so many ways in different parts of the Territories, that perhaps a few words on some of the methods em- ployed may be of help to at least some of the new settlers. 352 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 It has been observed in Alberta and Saskatchewan that the land to be fallowed is not, as a rvile, touched until the weeds are full grown and in many cases, bearing fully matured seed. It is then ploughed. By this method, which, no doubt, saves work at the time, the very object of a sum- mer-fallow is defeated. In the first place, moisture is not conserved because the land has been pumped dry by the heavy growth of weeds: and, secondly, instead of using the summer-fallow as a means of eradicating weeds, a foundation is laid for years of labour and expense by the myriads of foul seeds turned imder. The endless fields of yellow-flowered weeds, generally Ball Mustard (Neslia pani- culata), testify to the indifferent work done in many districts, and, while no weed is more easily eradicated by a good system of fallows, there is no weed that is more easily propagated or takes greater advantage of poor work on fallows or of fall or spring cultivation. As has been pointed out in my previous reports, early and thorough work on fal- lows is absolutely necessary to success, and I here repeat the methods and results of tests carried on for some years past. First Method. — ^Ploughed deep (6 to 8 inches) before last of June; surface culti- vated during the growing season, and just before or immediately after harvest ploughed 5 or 6 inches deep. Result. — Too much late growth if season was at all wet; grain late in ripening, and a large crop of weeds if the grain w.as in any way injured by winds. Second Method. — Ploughed shallow (3 inches deep) before the last of June; sur- face cultivated during the growing season, and ploughed shallow (.3 to 4 inches deep) in the autumn. Result. — Poor crop in a dry year; medium crop in a wet year. Not sufficiently stirred to enable soil to retain the moisture. Third Method. — Ploughed shallow (3 inches) before the last of June; surface cul- tivated during the growing season, and ploughed deep (7 to 8 inches) in the autumn. Result. — Soil too loose and does not retain moisture. Crop light and weedy in a dry year. Fourth Method. — Ploughed deep (7 to 8 inches) before the last of June; surface cultivated during the growing season. Result. — Sufficient moisture conserved for a dry year, and not too much for a wet one. Few or no weeds, as all the seeds near the surface have germinated and been killed. Surface soil apt to blow more readily than when either of the other methods is followed. For the past fourteen years, the best, safest and cleanest grain has been grown on fallow worked in this way, and the method is therefore recommended. Fallows that have been ploughed for the first time after the first of July, and especially after July 15, have never given good results; and the plan too frequently followed of waiting till weeds are full grown, and often ripe, and ploughing under witli the idea of enriching the soil, is a method that cannot be too earnestly advised against. In the first place, after the rains are over in June or early in July, as they usually are, no amount of work, whether deep or shallow ploughing, or surface cultivation, can put moistvire in the soil. The rain must fall on the first ploughing and be conserved by surface cultivation. Weeds, when allow.ed to attain their full grovv-th, take from the soil all the moist- ure put there by the June rains, and ploiTghing under weeds with their seeds ripe or nearly so, is adding a thousand-fold to the myriads already in the soil, and docs not materially enrich the land. I REPORT OF MR. A^'GUS MACKAY 363 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 METHODS OY PREPARING XEW GROUND. In view of the fact that every year brings to the Territories many new settlers, who are unacquainted with the methods of breaking up and preparing new land for crop, a few suggestions with regard to this very important work may not be amiss. In all sections where the sod is thick and tough, breaking and back-setting should be done; while in districts where scrub abounds and the sod is thin, deep breaking is all that is necessary. The former is generally applicable to Assiniboia, and the latter to Alberta and Saskatchewan, especially to the northern parts of these Territories where the land is more or less scrubby. SHALLOW-BREAKIXG XSD BACK-SETTIXG. The sod should be turned over as thin as possible, and for this purpose a walking plough with a 12 or li-inch share, is the best. ^Vhen the breaking is completed (which should not be later than the second week in July), rolling will hasten the rotting pro- cess and permit back-setting to commence early in August. Back-setting is merely turning the sod back to its original place, and at the same time bringing up two or three inches of fresh soil to cover it. The ploughing should be done in the same direction as the breaking and the same width of furrow turned. Two inches below the breaking is considered deep enough, but three to four inches will give better results. After back-setting, the soil cannot be made too fine, and the use of disc or Randall harrow to cut up every piece of unrotted sod, will complete the work. DEEP BREAKEXG. Deep breaking, which in many sections of the country is the only practicable way of preparing new land, and which is, unfortunately, done in some instances wliere breaking and back-setting would give more satisfactory residts, consists in the turning over of the sod as deeply as possible, usually from four to five inches. When the sod has rotted, the top soil should be worked and made as fine as possible. The use of harrow and disc will fill up all irregularities on the surface, and make a fine, even seed-bed. Whether the land is broken shallow or deep, it is necessary to have the work con"".- pleted early, so as to take advantage of the rains which usually come during June or early in July. These rains cause the sod to rot, and without them, or if the ploughing is done after they are over, the sod remains in the same condition as when turned, and no amount of work will make up for the loss. To some districts near the foot-hills of the mountains and in districts where scrub abounds and the sod is thin, these remarks may not apply; but as a rule, throughout the Territories, early breaking, whether deep or shallow, is advisable. WORKING LAND AFTER FIRST CROP. Inquiries are often made as to what should be done after taking off the first crop on new land, the question being as to whether the land should be ploughed, or culti- vated, or sown without any cultivation whatever. This, however, can only be determined by circumstances. In districts with heavy clay soil, a satisfactory crop may be expected from burning the stubble of the former crop and sowing with or without cultivation, although a shallow cultivation After the stubble is burnt usually gives the best results. 364 EXPERIMENTAL FAR MS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 In districts with light soils and especially with gravelly snhsoil, cultivation before seeding is necessary. After taking the second crop from breaking or back-setting, there can be no doubt that the land should be well fallowed to put it in proper condition for succeeding crops. If the fallow is well made and the process repeated every third year, the settler will have started on the right road to future success. SMUT. Smut the past season has been bad in many sections of the country, causing seri- ous loss to the growers. Several reasons may be given why smut was so prevalent, but without a doubt the chief one was improper treatment of the seed. That smut can be entirely prevented has been time and again proven. Care must be taken to dissolve the bluestone before applying, and to have the solution strong enough. I repeat what was said in my last report in regard to treatment for prevention of smut. On account of many new. settlers coming into the country each year that can have no idea of the prevalence of smut, especially in the wheat crop, and the serious loss caused by this fungous disease, I submit the results obtained during the past years on this farm for their guidance. Bunt or stinking smut in wheat is a fungous disease that attacks the grain more or less each year, and where at all bad, the crop is rendered unsaleable, and with only a few heads affected, if threshed in damp weather, the grade and price are reduced. No district is proof against smut, and though more prevalent in some seasons than others, it is wise to guard against all danger from this source each year. Two remedies have been tried repeatedly; these are, treating the seed with bluestone (Copper Sulphate), and with formalin. Bluestone, from cheapness, ease in application and effectual cure, has proven the best for wheat, while formalin has given the best results with smut in oats and barley. Wliile formalin is not more expensive than bluestone, the application is more difficult in the seed having to be soaked longer. For wheat apparently free from smut, 1 pound of bluestone crushed and dissolved in warm water and mixed with 10 gallons water, and the seed sprinkled with, or dipped in the solution, is sufficient for 10 bushels. For wheat at all affected, 1 pound blue- stone to 5 bushels seed is required. The seed can be sprinkled or dipped as is most convenient, but, in sprinkling, care must be taken that every grain is wet with the solution. For smut in oats or barley, 1 pound of formalin (which is a liquid), is sufficient for 50 bushels seed. If the seed is smutty the solution should be 8 or 9 ounces formalin tc 10 gallons of water; if not smutty, 4-J ounces to the same quantity of water. The seed should be soaked from 5 minutes to 2 hours, according to condition of grain and strength of solution. EXPEKIMENTS WITH OATS. Forty-one varieties were sown on April 2G, on l-20th acre plots of fallowed Ir.nd. Soil clay loam. They were sown by hoe drill, at the rate of 2 bushels seed per acre. All sorts were very heavy and badly lodged, and had to be cut with a mower; all, however were well advanced when heavy rains and wind lodged them, and both yield and sample were good. REPORT OF MR. AXGVS MACKAY 365 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Oats — Test of Varieties. sT-ri T1 ^ ce~ tc be tc c3 C3 ^ (3 0) 2 £ S 2'- a cc-^ 2 a m < g S Name of Variety. d o.S t-i o "5) B 5 Rusted. In. In. Lbs. i (^ Lbs. 1 Goldfinder Aug. 26 122 53 Weak . . 9 Branching 6,200 117 22 39 Considerably 2 Pioneer ,. 28 124 59 11 11 II 6,100 112 32 40 on leaves. ,S Siberian „ 24 M 28 „ 26 120 124 122 62 54 52 Medium Weak '. '. 12:Sided 10 Branching lO'Sided 7,200 7,940 7,020 111 111 111 26 26 6 39i 36i 38" 4 5 Golden Tartarian... 6 Twentieth Century. . „ 20 116 52 lOl Branching 4,440 110 20 41 7 Coliiinbus „ 25 „ 26 121 122 50 51 9 10 II 7,240 7,240 110 110 20 20 40 41 8 Golden Beauty 9 American Triumph. . „ 23 119 50 II 9 ,, 6,200 no 41 10 Tartar Kinsr „ 23 119 50 „ 9 Sided 5,600 no 42 11 Early Golden Prolific ,. 26 122 54 11 Branching 7,280 109 14 41 12 Kendal White ,. 23 119 56 9 II 7,300 108 28 41i 13 Scotch Potato „ 23 119 54 Medium 10 II 7,160 107 2 40" 14 „ 20 „ 24 lie 120 50 52 Weak . . 9 9 II 6,380 6,220 106 105 16 10 39J m 15 Improved American. 1() White Giant „ 22 118 54 Medium 9 II 5,840 104 24 42 17 Golden Giant „ 28 124 56 „ 10: Sided 7,840 104 24 37 18 Danish Island M 20 116 55 Weak . . 10 Branching 5,840 104 24 m 19 Lincoln „ 24 120 54 M 10 11 5,920 102 12 4U 20 Milford White M 24 120 52 II 10 Sided 8,120 102 12 41i 21 Holstein Prolitic. , . . ., 21 117 50 Medium 10 Branching 6,740 101 26 40^ 22 Golden Fleece .... M 27 123 50 Weak . . 9 II 8,140 101 6 40 ?S ,. 22 M 24 118 120 52 50 " •• 10 8 II 6,960 7,160 101 101 6 6 42 40 24 American Beauty . . . 25 Buckbees Illinois. . . „ 20 116 54 II 9 11 6,960 101 6 41 26 Improved Ligowo. . . u 20 116 57 H 9 11 5,360 101 6 42 27 Bavarian „ 21 117 57 II f- 11 7,400 100 38.^ 28 Storm King ti 22 118 53 II 11 Sided 5,820 99 14 38 29 Wide Awake „ 20 116 5( Medium 8 Branching 5,620 99 14 39i 30 Irish Victor ,. 24 120 56 Weak . . 10 11 6,860 98 8 42.1 31 Abundance „ 21 117 5.3 Medium 9 11 5,440 95 30 40 32 Banner „ 20 116 55 Weak . . 10 11 5,960 95 10 40 33 Swedish Select „ 20 11 (i 54 It 9 11 5,980 94 24 401 34 Olive Black 1 ., 28 124 57 Medium 12 Sided 8,460 92 12 36:^ 85 Kirsche -, 26 8 122 104 52 60 Weak '. '. 9 10 Branching 7,740 7,540 90 90 39i 40" 36 Baxter's July Slightly on leaves. 37 Kendal Black „ 28 124 57 Medium 10 Sided 6,560 89 14 40 Considerably 38 Milford Black M 28 124 55 II 10 „ 7,320 84 24 37 on leaves. 39 Sensation M 20 116 53 Weak . . 10 „ 6,400 82 12 41 11 II 40 Black Beauty „ 28 124 56 .1 13 Branching 5,660 74 24 36 II 11 41 Thousand Dollar .... M 19 115 54 Medium 11 11 5,900 73 18 4U 11 II The Baxter's July oat was received in the spring of 1905, from B. J. Baxter, Pense, Sask., under that name. This sort was cut on August 8, while the earliest other variety was cut August 20. The straw was very weak, but in ordinary years it may be much stiffer. The yield was 90 bushels per acre, and on account of earliness this variety is worthy of further trial. 366 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS IN FIELD LOTS. Twelve varieties were sown April 24 to 28, in field lots, on clay loam, and all gave good yields and good samples. Banner again heads the list for the best yield. All the varieties were more or less down, but there was no rust worth mentioning. Oats — Test op Varieties in Field Lots. Name of Variety. Size of Plot. Date of Ripen- ing. be o 6 Length of Straw includ- ing Head. Character of Straw. O a Kind of Head. Yield per Acre. n a; bo Banner Acres. 10 5 5 3 5 5 5 2| 4 P Auar. 20 118 113 116 114 116 124 115 112 112 115 114 114 _ Inches. 00 56 51 58 55 50 55 52 54 52 CO 54 Medium . . Strong . . Weak . ". ; ; Medium . Strong . . . Medium. . Strong . . . Weak Medium . . Weak In. 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 9 9 9 10 Branching. . 107 13 99 20 98 6 91 30 90 28 89 .. 89 .. 89 .. 87 23 86 .. 84 28 84 .. Lb--. 41 , 19 ■ 19 , 18 , 19 . 27 , 18 , 18 , IS t 18 , 18 , 18 42h White Giant 41A 38' Improved Ligowo Abundance 41 40 43i Thousand Dollar Waverley 41 42i 39' Tartar King Sided...... Branching:. . 41 38i Oat Crop and Average Yield. Variety. Banner Danish Island ... White Giant . . . Goliifinder Improved Ligowo .Abundance Wide Awake. . . . Thousand Dollar. Waveiley Welcome . . . . Tartar Kin? .... Black Beauty . . Cultivation. Fallow Acres.. 10 5 5 3 5 5 5 o3 "4 2a 4 3^ 3 54 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 107 9^t 98 94 90 89 89 89 87 86 84 84 13 20 6 30 28 23 28 Total Yield. Bush. Lbs. 1,073 497 490 284 454 445 445 244 241 344 296 252 5,070 2-! 32 30 22 4 25 4 30 An average of 93 bushels 30 lbs. per acre. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACK AY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 367 FIELD LOTS OF OATS. COMPARISON OF XIXE VARIETIES FOR FIVE YEARS. Following are given the average number of days maturing and average yield for the last five years of nine varieties of oats, grown in field lots under similar conditions. They were sown each year on fallowed land. Variety. Average time maturing for 6 years. Average yield for 5 years. Days. Banner . . . Abundance Wide Awake Goldfinder Black Beauty .... Tartar King Waverley Thousand Dollar. Improved Ligowo 111 114 111 115 112 109 112 111 112 Bush. Lbs. 103 7 95 12 91 90 10 88 4 86 5 83 5 82 2 EXPEEIMENTS WITH BAELEY. Fifteen varieties of two-rowed and 19 of six-rowed barley were sown on one- twentieth acre plots clay loam on April 27 to 29, with hoe drill, at the rate of two bushels of seed per acre. All gave good returns, with bright, plump samples. Some plots had to be cut with the mower, and all were badly lodged. Barley Two-rowed — Test of Varieties. Name of V Lriety. Date of Ripening. 1 Beaver Aug. 2 Invincible 3 Gordon 4!i3tandwell SJSwedish Chevalier. GjNewton Danish Chevalier. Canadian Thorpe. Clifford •Sidney 11 j French Chevalier. 12iJarvis 13 Logan 14 j Harvey 15 Dunham 14.. 17 . 13.. 18.. 18.. 19., IS.. 13.. 14 . 14.. 15.. 14.. 14.. 13.. 14.. 107 110 108 111 111 112 111 106 107 109 108 109 109 lOG 107 ^-n u2 In. 46 46 51 48 43 49 40 48 48 47 44 50 48 46 50 Character of Straw . Medium . Weak Medium . Weak . . Medium. Weak . . In. 4 3 3 21 3i 3" 3i 3 4 4 H 4 31 3i 3 Weight of Straw. Yield per Acre. Lbs . Bush . Lbs. 4,660 75 5,820 74 28 3,300 64 28 6.220 62 4 5,340 59 28 5,660 57 4 6,140 55 20 5,160 55 4,520 51 32 4,340 51 12 4,000 50 20 4,000 50 3,700 47 44 3,920 47 24 4,000 41 32 s-c -'^ 5.3^ 54^ 52i 53i 54' o^ 521 52i 53' 54 53 53 52i 53" 54 368 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Barley Six-rowed — Test of Varieties. ^ Name of Variety . 1 Stella 2 Nugent 3 Claude 4 Blue Longhead. . . . 5 Yale 6, Mansfield TiMensury . 8 Common 9 Rennie's Improved 10 Summit ll|Trooper 12 Empire . Oderbruch Odessa Argyle . . . Brome Royal Albert.. .. Champion.. Date of Ripening. Aug. 15. . ., 15.. M 14.. ,t 15.. M 16.. ,. 12.. >. 12.. ,- 11.. „ 10.. „ 14.. „ 13 . „ 14.. „ 10.. „ 16.. „ 12.. M 16.. M 10.. M 14.. 7.. 108 108 107 108 109 105 105 104 103 107 106 107 103 109 105 109 103 107 100 y^-^ In. 43 45 45 43 43 46 50 42 43 49 47 44 44 44 49 45 45 45 43 Character of Straw. Medium Strong.. Weak . . Medium Strong. . Weak . . Medium Weak . . Medium Weak . . Medium Weak . . 13 eS 0) w "o Weight J2 of -u> Straw. a o V^ In. Lbs. 2 4,220 3 5,020 2h 4,640 2h 3,860 2^ 3,880 2 6,040 3 7,080 2 5,660 21 6,360 2i 6,780 3 6,000 n 6,400 n 6,200 n 6,420 n 7,020 3 7,060 2i 6,080 21 21 5,840 5,260 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 82 44 78 36 74 8 73 36 73 16 70 69 8 65 20 63 16 62 44 62 24 62 24 62 24 62 4 62 4 61 12 60 40 57 24 36 12 t- - a a; - cs tCr 1, S Lbs. 53^ 51 50i 47" 51 53 52 54 54 52 521 52i- 54i 52i 53 51i 53" h\h 4S~ FIELD LOTS OF BARLEY. Nine varieties of barley were sown in field lots. Nearly all the yields were above the average, and all the varieties gave a good sample. Mensury was sown on Brome Grass sod, broken and back-set the previous year, and Canadian Thorpe was put in on land which gave a root crop in 1C04. Sidney was sown on fallow, and also on Brome sod. The other kinds were all on fallow. All were sown on clay loam. Barley — Test of Varieties in Field Lots. Name of Variety, Odessa Claude ^Mansfield Stand well Mensury Royal Invincible Sidnejf Canadian Thorpe . Sidney o p-l Date o of CP Sowing. m 9 3 < 3 31 April 29 „ 27 5 „ 26 4 5 May 1 1 1| 2I 5 April 29 May 1 „ 1 2 2 1 Date of Ripen- ing. 6^ Aug. 13 106 13 108 12 24 12 11 24 17 17 17 108 115 103 104 115 108 107 108 ^.5 5 si's In. Cliaracter of Straw. 55 Weak . . 48 Medium 50 Strong . 50 Weak . . 52 Strong . 47 1 Weak .. 48M«dium 45 48 Strong . 43 ,. . In. Kind of Head. Six-rowed 3|iTwo-rowed. 3;^ Six-rowed . 3 3i Two-rowed. 4| 3 4 Yield per Acre. -a 3 ^ W t-A 73 34 72 22 70 45 64 40 62 18 59 42 57 6 56 15 54 18 46 1 2 o a; -; a> Lbs. 51 49 51i 52' 50i 52 53i 53i 53" 531 REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY 369 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Barley Crop and Average Yield. Variety. Ode^sa. Claude Mansfield Stand well Mensury Roj^al Invincible Sidney Canadian Thorpe Sidney Cultivation. Fallow . . . Brome-sod Fallow . . , II . , . Root land Brome-sod Acres. 3 3i 5" 4 5 IS ^ 2 35 Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 73 72 70 64 62 59 57 56 54 46 3t 22 45 40 18 42 6 15 18 2 Total Yield. Bush. Lbs. 221 253 354 259 311 122 203 126 271 92 6 29 33 16 42 14 42 34 42 4 2,217 22 An average of 63 bushels 17 lbs. per acre. FIELD LOTS OF BARLEY. COMPARISON OF NINE VARIETIES FOR FIVE YEARS. Following will be found the average number of days maturing and average yield for the past five years of nine varieties of barley. These were grown for the most part in field lots on fallow, but in one or two cases, where the varieties were not grown vmder these conditions, the yields of the iiniform tests were taken, or yields of field plots grown on stubble or sod, in order to get figures for the five years. 1 Variety. Average time maturing for five years Average yield for five years. Claude Royal Odessa Days. 104-2 100 2 100- 99- 103 8 110* 104-2 107-8 105-6 Bush. 64 60 59 58 58 57 50 50 50 Lbs. 46 17 43 29 Mansfield 25 Invincible Sidney 21 Canadian Thorpe EXPERIMENTS WITH PEASE. Thirty varieties of field pe?se were sown on one-twentieth acre plots, on May 2 on corn land ploughed in fall of 1904. Two bushels of small, 2^ bushels of medium and 3 bushels of large pease were sown to the acre. Soil, clay loam. All sorts made a fine growth of straw, were weU podded and ripened early. 16—24 370 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Pease — Test of Varieties. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S Name of Variety. liKent 2j Paragon 3 Chancellor 4'Golclen Vine 5i Mackay GjPride TiGregory 8 Aprnes 9:lAike lOjEnglish Grey lliVictoria 12,Carleton ISlWhite Wonder 14;Nelson IS'Dan O'Rourke l(;|Black Eye Marrowfat 17 j Prince Albert 18|Archer 10 Macoun 20'Picton 21 Early Britain 22 CrowTi 23, Prussian ]51uo 21 Pearl 25! White Marrowfat. . . . 26 Mummy 27|Prince 28 Wisconsin Blue 2!)' Arthur 30 German White Date of Ripening. Aug. 28. ,, .31 „ 20. Sept.. 1. 1. 1. Aug. 31. „ 30. „ 31. „ 31 . ^ M 30. Sei)t. 1 . Aug. 20. M 29. M 31. Sept. 1. Aug. 31. 2. ,. 30. „ 28. M 81. n 30. M 30 1. 2. „ 30. 20. 2. , 28 , 30. o^ ^ 118 121 119 122 122 122 121 120 121 121 120 122 119 119 121 122 121 123 120 118 121 120 120 122 123 120 119 123 118 120 In. 67 58 79 68 55 70 67 85 60 74 61 62 65 52 68 56 73 70 68 65 73 56 70 75 60 6) 57 75 60 In. Size of Pea. 2( Medium 3 „ 3 Small . . 2* ti . . 3 Large . 2 Small . . 3 .Mi-dium 3 Large . . 3 Medium H Large . . H Medium 3 „ o Large . 3 Medium 2 Small . . 3 r,arge . 25 Small . 2j Medium H „ 2i ,, ^ Small . . 2i 11 . . 3 Medium 2| ^^ 3 Large 3 Small . . 3 11 2f „ 2i Large . . 3 Medium Yield per Acre. 70 .. 69 40 69 20 r.l AO 65 40 61 40 62 .. 61 40 59 40 58 20 58 .. 58 .. 57 40 57 40 57 .. 57 .. 56 40 56 20 56 20 56 .. 55 40 54 20 .53 .. 52 .. 51 .. 51 .. 48 40 47 40 45 40 42 40 -f.;^ Lbs. 63^ 65 65 64 65 64 64 63 64 62^ 64 64 65 64i GrA 61' 6-) 64 eii 61* 6-'i 61i 04i 63| 65 65 '>4 65 64i 64| GARDEN PEASE. A te-t was made with £07.irg g:.rden perse with grain drill alongside of tl:e field varieties. The returns received were quite .satisfactory, and show that a profitable crop c:.n be grown. Plots were one-twentieth acre each. Pease — Test of Varieties. Number. Variety. Yield per Acre. Alaska Shropshire Hero. Premium Gem . . Horsford's Market Garden Stratngem Laxton's Charmer Champion of J]ngland . . . . American Wonder Bush. Lbs. 50 49 45 44 43 43 40 39 20 10 20 40 40 20 Weight per mea&ured BuslieL REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY 371 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FIELD LOTS OF PEASE. Five varieties of pease were sown on May 3 and 4 in large plots — from 2 J acres to one-sixth acr?. The soil was clay loam. They were pulled by a pea harvester attached to an ordinary mower, and were threshed by threshing machine, with entire concave removed. A considerable proportion were split in the operation. Pease — Field Lots. Size Date of Ripen- ing. Character 0 1 Size Yield Weight !n Name of Varietj-. of S D of ^ of per per 6 • Plot. Growth. if Pea. Acre. Bushel. ^ ;2; ^^ ^^ Acres. In. In. Bush. Lbs. Lbs. 1 Dan. O'Rourke h Aug. 28 116 Strong . . . 62 n Medium. . 53 24 65 ?. White Wonder ft ,> 28 116 ir 80 3 Large . . . 49 50 64 .S Golden Vine h ,- 29 118 " 63 2i Small .... 49 .. 6.5:^ 4 Arthur 2h „ 24 113 M 61 2h Large 47 50 65 5 German White k - 29 117 " 65 2* Medium. . 35 33 03 EOTATION CROPS. The rotation tests comnvenced in 1899 were continued this year. Several of the half acres of grain on fallowed land were rusted. The soil was a clay loam. Below is given a list of the plots with the different rotations of crops grown on the.n:— No. 1809 and 1902. 1900 and 1903. 1901 and 1904. 1905. 1 Wlieat Oats Wheat Soja Beans Wheat. o Pease Tares Red Clover 3 4 Oats Wheat Barlev Wheat " 5 Alsike and Alfalfa Wheat Oats 1, 6 Pease. 7 8 Tiires Soja Beans Re-,1 Clover Alsikeand Alfalfa Ra:)e Whe;it Tares. Soja Beans. Red Clover. Alsike and Alfalfa. Timothy. Wheat. •• 9 10 11 Wheat Barley Summer fallow 12 13 14 Oat's .'.'.".'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'..'.'.'. Barlev Wheat Barl<»y Soja i3eans Pease Oats.. '.' '.".'.'.'..... Wheat...... .'.'. 15 16 17 18 " 0:i"s.. '..'.'.'.'.. ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Wh. at Oats Wheat Barley T!ve 11 Oats. Wheat. 19 Tares Oats. 10 ,, Wheat. 21 22 Als^vC and Alfalfa ... . Suninicr fallow M '.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'..'.". Barley. Common Emmf r. Rotation test. — Results obtained in 1905. Plots J acre each. Soil, clay loam. 16— 24i 372 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Grain — Rotation Test. Name of Variety. Wheat, Red Fife. Pease Tares Soja Beans Red Clover Alsike and Lucerne Timothy Wheat, Red Fife Oats, Banner.. . Wheat, Red Fife Oats, Bannei . Wheat, Red Fife, Barley, Mensury Common Emmer Date of Sowing. April. May April 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. M 26. May 26. 5. 2. 2. S^ti Date of "Si Ripening. dS ^ Aug. 27.. 144 „ 27.. 141 „ 27.. 144 - 27.. 144 „ 27.. 144 Aug. 27. „ 27. M 27. „ 27. M 27. „ 22. „ 26. „ 22. ., 2(3. 9. M 26. Length of Straw. 144 144 144 141 144 118 143 118 143 99 116 Character of Straw. In. 52 56 54 51 51 Ploughed under. Medium Strong . 52 53 52 51 49 48 47 50 50 48 48 Medium Strong In. Kind of Head. 4 Bald. 4 4 Yield per Acre. 4 Bald. 3f 4 4 ^* 9 I Branching 3 Bald .... 9 'Branching 3 jBald . . . 3^ 6-rowed . . 3 I Bearded. . ^ \^ 33 20 27 48 31 24 28 32 28 54 34 10 38 52 32 54 32 46 18 24 42 12 18 26 52 18 23 28 43 28 1866 EXPERIMENT WITH FALL RYE. One-quarter acre of fallowed land was sown with fall rye on September 10, 1904. Ripe August 3. Straw was medium strength, 77 inches long. Length of head, 4i inches. Yield per acre, 40 bushels ; weight per bushel, 58^ lbs. It gave a large crop of straw as well as of grain, and is well worth growing for early fodder or for grain. EXPERIMENT WITH SPRING RYE. Sown on one-twentieth acre plot of fallowed land, April 8. Ripe August 12 ; time to mature, 126 days. Straw medium; 60 inches long; weight of straw per acre, 3,000 lbs. Length of head, 31 inches. Yield per acre, 53 bushels, 32 lbs. Weight per mea sured bushel, 59 lbs. Straw was light in comparison with the winter variety, though the yield of grain was heavier. EXPERIMENT WITH TARES. Sown on one-twentieth acre plot of fallowed land. May 2. Ripe September 5 ; time to mature, 126 days. Length of straw, 50 inches; pod, 2 inches; weight of straw per acre, 3,800 lbs. Yield per acre, 59 bushels, 15 lbs., weighing 64i lbs. per measured bushel. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY 373 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPEKIMEJ^T WITH CANAKY GEASS. (Phalaris canariensis). One-twentieth acre of fallowed land was sown with Canary Grass seed on May 2. Ripe August 28; time to mature, 118 days. Straw strong; length, 44 inches; heads, IJ inches long. Weight of straw per acre, 2,340 lbs. Yield per acre, 20 bushels, 40 lbs. Standard weight of bushel, 48 lbs. Weight per measured bushel, 58 lbs. EXPERIMENT WITH SOJA BEANS. Sown May 17, in rows 28 inches apart, on one-twentieth acre plot of fallowed land. They were in flower when killed by frost on October 1. Yield per acre of dry fodder, 2 tons, 4C0 lbs. Cut, Oetol er 9. EXPERIMENT WITH HORSE BEANS. Sown May 17, in rows 28 inches apart, on one-twentieth acre plots of fallowed lan;l. Height when cut on October 9, 48 inches. Weight of dry fodder per acre, 3| tons. EXPERIMENT WITH MILLETS. Five varieties were sown on May 16 and 17 on one-fortieth acre plots of fallowed land. Three varieties germinated very poorly and were ploughed up. The other two plots were cut on September 12, partially ripe. Variety. Date Sown. Height when Cut. Yield per Acre Dry Fodder. Moha Hungfarian . . . May 17 .. 17 ., 16 u 16 M 16 Inches. 3S 36 Plowed up. Tons. Lbs. 3 92 2 1,238 Moha Green Galifornian Cat Tail ; White Round French Italian EXPERIMENTS WITH ELAX. Five varieties of flax were sown on one-fortieth acre plots of land, which had pro- duced a com crop the previous year. Sown May 16, by grain drill, at the rate of 40 lbs. per acre. Common flax was sown on the same date at the rate of 20, 30, 40 and 50 lbs. seed per acre, one-twentieth acre of each being put in. Sown on corn land, same as the preceding test. Common flax was sown on fallowed land on May 15, on a plot 1^ acres in extent Details of these tcits are given below. The soil in all cases was a clay loam. 374 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Flax — Test of Sowing Different Quantities of Seed Peu Acre. Quantity of Seed per Acre. o N Date of Sowing. Date of Ripening. 0 i g° Character of Straw. i Yield per Acre. 20 lbs 30 ,, 40 M 50 ,. Ac. May IG.. .. 16.. n 16.. ,. 16.. Aug. 17.. M 17.. ,- 17.. - 17.. 93 93 93 93 In. 32 33 34 30 Strong . . . Lbs. l,.50O 2,080 1,840 2,260 Bush. Lbs. 14 16 20 40 18 32 21 44 Lbs. Fl.vx — Test of Varieties. Yellow Seeded Riga Common White Flowering. . Improved Russian Common FJax . . . . li May 16.. Aug. 20.. 96 30 Strong . . . 2,500 >, 16.. M 17.. 93 33 1,840 „ 16.. M 17.. 93 35 2,000 ., 16.. M 20.. 96 26 1,780 " 16.. M 17.. 93 32 1,720 M 15.. .. 17.. 94 30 24 22 17 16 15 13 54i 54i 54ft HAY CEOP. While a good yield of hay was obtained from Brome and Western Eye grass the past teasan, it was not so heavy as in former years, from the fact that all the fields have been in hay for several years. The various sorts of Alfalfa came through the winter quite safely, and gave good yields. Eed clover was half killed, the balance being left to ripen and cut for seed. Considerable Alfalfa was also cut for seed. Meadow Fescue, sown in 1904, gave a fair retuj-n. Kentucky Blue grass, and Orchard gra=s (two-thirds of which was a mixture of other sorts), gave good crops. Alsike sown in lOOi, did not stand the winter. From the past season's tests, favourable hopes are entertained that many varieties of grasses that were all failures in the early years of the farm may yet prove success- ful in the future. In May last, the Agricultural Department at Washington sent to this farm alfalfa seed for sowing, which had been obtained from the following places : Utah, Northern Montana, Southern Montana, Peru, Nebraska, New York, Turkestan, Minnesota (Grimm), and some first quality commerical seed. These were all sown in plots vary- ing in size according to quantity of seed of each sort received. They all germinated, and made a vigorous growth during the season. Seed of Eed clover and Alfalfa, both inoculated and untreated, were sent up from the Central Expcrimenal Farm, Ottawa, for trial. These made a vigorous growth, and except going over them with a mower, they were not cut. The inoculated alfalfa showed a somewhat stronger gTowth than the untreated seed, but the two clover plots were almost equally good. REPORT OF MR. A^^GUS MACKAl SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 YIELDS OF HAY PER ACRE. Bro:me Grass — (Bromus inermis). 375 Size of Plot. Acres. h Sown 1899, renewed by ploughing shallow, 1901. „ ICOJ M 1901 „ 1899 „ 1900 Yield per Acre. Tons. Lbs . 1 1,500 1,440 1 1,110 1.7G2 .. 1,430 Western Rye Grass — (Agropyrum tenerum). Sown 1902 M 1901 M 1904. 1 632 2 1,000 3 Small Plots of Clover axd Grasses. Common Alfalfa Turkestan Alfalfa Utah Alfalfa Meadow Fescue Timothy Orchard Grass Kentucky Blue Grass . Sown. Yield pee Acre. 1st Cutting. 2nd Cutting, 1904.. 1904.. 1904.. 1904.. 1902.. 1904.. 1904.. Tons. Lbs. 222 1,480 1,0C0 1,000 940 700 555 Tons. Lbs . 900 1,3G0 080 EXPERIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN. Twenty-two varieties were sown on May 19, on clay loam in drills 36 inches apart, end a'sa in hills 3 feet apart each way. Three varieties were also sown in drills at four different distances apart. The land was fallowed the previous year, but not manured. The corn was cut on September 8, the yield p3r acre of green fodder being calcu- lated from the weight of two rows, each 66 feet long. All the varieties made a strong grov.'th. After wilting slightly, the corn was cut up and put in silo. In addition to the uniform tests, five acres were sown with corn for ensilage. 376 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Indian Corn — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Eureka Superior Fodder Pride of the North Red Cob Ensilage Selected Learning Thoroughbred White Flint . Compton's Early Salzer's All Gold Northern Dent North Dakota White White Cap Yellow Dent . . Mammoth Cuban Champion White Pearl .... Giant Prolific Ensilage .... Longfellow Angel of Midnight King Philip Early Mastodon Evergieen Sugar Early Butler Cloud's Early Yellow 22 Compton's Early. In. 92 84 90 90 86 67 80 84 90 60 90 90 92 83 78 80 80 84 80 90 85 80 Condition when cut. Tasselled Not tasselled In silk Not tasselled. Tasselled.. Not tasselled In silk Not tasselled. Tasselled.. . In silk Tasselled.. . . In silk Tasselled In silk Early milk.. . In silk Early milk . . . Tasselled.. . . Early milk. . . Weight per , acre grown in rows. Weight per acre grown in hills. Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. 19 19 19 18 IS 17 17 10 16 15 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 11 1,600 1,600 500 850 300 650 6.50 1,550 450 1,350 600 600 50 50 1,500 950 400 400 1,850 1,100 15 1,900 12 750 16 1,000 550 750 600 1.50 15 1,350 12 1,300 11 1,100 200 350 12 1,300 11 1,650 200 50 13 1,.500 11 1,650 10 900 12 1,300 12 1,300 11 1,650 11 12 14 9 12 10 12 14 Test of Seeding at Different Dist.\nces. Sown in rows by grain seeder May 19; cut September 9; all made strong growth. Cultivation of land same as for preceding test. Name of Variety. Longfellow Selected Learning Champion White Pearl. Distance between rows. Height. 80 78 80 82 92 90 90 88 94 96 96 100 Weight per acre grown in rows. Inches. Tons. Lbs. 21 17 15 13 18 15 15 13 13 14 13 13 1,378 1,425 1,696 1,818 1,720 465 564 875 604 340 1,108 404 ROOT CROPS. The root crops this year of all sorts have Bever been surpassed since the Farm was started, yield and quality being considered. Turnips, mangels, carrots and sugar beets were ail extra good. All root seeds, including carrots, were sown with ordinary grain hoe-drill, which proved satisfactory, saving considerable labour in making drills. The yields were com- puted from the weight of two rows, 66 feet long and 30 inches apart. 1 REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKA7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS. 377 Twenty varieties were sown, the soil was a clay loam; tlie first sowing was on May 17, and the second sowing on the 26th. They were all pulled on October 23. TuRxiPS — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Halewood's Bronze Top. Carter's Elephant Sutton's Champion. ... Hall's Westbury, Good Luck Perfection Skirving's Emperor Bangholm Selected Magnum Bonum Imperial Kangaroo Jumbo Selected Purple Top ISlXew Century IG East Lothian IZlElephant's Master ISiDrummond Purple Top. . 19 {Hartley's Bronze 20 Mammoth Clyde Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons Lbs. 38 1,484 34 1,168 33 1,980 32 1,868 31 1,228 31 436 30 1,776 30 720 29 1,664 29 1,400 28 1,288 27 1,836 2« 1,196 25 1,876 25 820 23 860 22 1,804 22 748 21 1,956 21 240 Bush. Lbs. 1,291 1,152 1,133 1,097 1,053 1,040 1,029 1,012 994 990 954 930 886 864 847 781 763 745 732 704 24 48 36 2nd Plot. ?ons . Lbs. 24 1,368 23 728 24 34 1,764 376 30 324 36 204 28 28 1,420 628 33 792 20 128 29 26 1,400 668 27 25 1,8.SG 1,480 29 22 1,400 616 28 1,816 24 840 29 476 27 1,044 Bush. Lbs. 822 778 829 1,139 1,005 1,203 957 943 1,113 668 990 877 930 858 990 743 963 814 974 917 48 48 24 36 24 24 48 12 48 48 36 3G 36 36 24 Mangels — Test of Varieties. Sixteen varieties were sown on clay loam. The first sowing was on May 13, and the second on May 26, and both were taken up October 9. Name of Variety. Prizewinner Yellow Globe Triumph Yellow Globe Yellow Globe Selected Mammoth Yellow Intermediate Giant Yellow Intermediate Half Sugar White Yellow Intermediate Lion Yellow Intermediate Giant Sugar Giaiit Yellow Globe Prize Mammoth Long Red Mammoth Long Red Half Sugar Rosy Selected Mammoth Long Red . . Leviathan Long Red Gate Post Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 40 37 34 34 34 33 33 33 32 31 29 28 28 27 26 25 124 1,240 1,960 1,828 244 1.980 1,452 396 284 964 1,004 1,156 G2S 120 404 1,348 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. Tons Lbs. 1,.3.35 24 25 28 1,254 29 476 1,16G 29 80 1,163 48 24 312 1,137 24 27 1,704 1,133 29 1,796 1,124 12 25 556 1,106 36 28 1,420 1,071 24 27 252 1,049 24 30 1,G44 983 24 23 596 952 36 29 608 943 48 23 992 902 22 1,936 873 24 23 1,916 855 48 22 220 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot, Bush. Lbs. 833 974 968 805 928 996 842 957 904 1,027 776 976 783 765 798 737 48 36 12 24 36 36 12 24 36 48 12 36 36 378 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1905 Carrots — Test of Varieties. Eleven varieties v^ere sown on clay loam on April 19; and were pulled on Octo- ber 23. Name of Variety . Yield per Acre. Yield per Acre. Ontario Champion New Wiiite Intermediate Giant White Vosges Carter's Orange Giant White Belgian Early Gem Mammoth White Intermediate. Kos Kirsche Improved Short White Half Long Chantenay Long Yellow Stump-rooted Tons . Lbs. Bush. Lbs. 25 24 21 20 18 17 17 16 16 13 10 1,744 1,368 1,296 1,448 36 1,904 584 1,792 1,264 1,984 1,648 862 822 721 690 600 598 57(; 563 554 466 360 24 48 36 48 36 24 24 12 24 24 48 Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties. Eight varieties of sugar teets were sown on clay loarn. The first sowing was made on May 13, the second on May 26 and both lots were taken up on October 21. Name of Variety. Red Top Sugar Royal Giant Danish Improved . . . . Improved Imperial.. Vilmorin's Improved . Waiizleben French Very Rich . . . Danish Red Top . . . Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 27 27 22 19 16 15 15 12 384 252 616 1,600 1,396 1,416 888 1,872 Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Bush. Lbs. 906 904 743 660 556 523 514 431 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 21 1,296 23 1,368 18 564 22 880 16 228 13 928 15 1,812 24 840 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 721 800 609 748 503 448 530 814 36 48 24 •is 48 12 EXPEEIMENTS WITH POTATOES. Eorty-one varieties were under test at Indian Head in 1905. The soil w. s a clay loam summer -fallowed. The potatoes were planted on May 13, the sets being dropped in drills 30 inches apart. They were dug on October 3. There was no rot in any of the varieties; the yield and quality were excellent, and nearly all the tubers were marketable. While as large yields of potatoes have been grown in former years, the quality was not equal to those of this year's growth. The yield per acre has been obtained by weighing the potatoes from one row 132 feet long. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Potatoes — Test of Varieties. 379 Name of Variety. Average Size. .Seedling: No. 7 Large ! Vermont Gold Coin Medium . . Rochester Rose Largre Reeve's Rose Medium.. Carman No. 3 Large. ... Late Puritan Medium . . American Giant Large LTncle Sam '< . . ■ ■ Sabean's Elephant < Pearly St. George Medium. . Morgan's Seedling Large Burnaby Mammoth " Maule's Thoro'bred . . . . Medium . . Dreer's Standard " Rose No. 9 'Large Vick's Extra Early Medium . , Cambridge Russet jLarge Country Gentleman " Karly Envoy " American Wonder Medium. . Penn Manor Large Money Maker. .. , ! m Delaware jMedium . Empire State Large [. X. L Medium Carman No. 1 | " Everett Large State of Maine t Pearce " .-•• Early White Prize •^mall Ilolborn Abundance Large . . . . Early Andes . iSmall Enormous jljarge. Early Elkinah Bovee Dooley Canadian Beauty. Pingree Irish Cobbler Swiss Snowflake . . Early Rose Small Medium . Large . . . Medium . Large . . . Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 640 625 501 530 525 519 511 508 491 491 4S0 484 484 475 473 4G2 460 458 458 458 453 451 449 447 442 442 434 418 398 394 392 392 379 365 359 354 348 337 337 335 308 Form and Colour. Oval, red. Oval, white. Long, red. Oval, red. Oval, white. Oval, white. Long, white. Oval, white. Long, white. Long, red. Oval, red. Long, red. Oval, pink. Oval, white. Long, red. Oval, pink. Long, russet. Oval, red. Oval, pink. Long, wjiite. Long, red. Oval, white. Oval, white. Oval, v/hitc. Long, pink. Oval, white. Long, pink. Oval, white. Long, pink. Oval, v.'hite. Oval, white. RouTid, pink. Long, white. 48 [Round, red. Oval, pink. Round, white. Oval, pink. Oval, white. 12 jRound, white. . . lOval, white. 36 I Oval, red. SUMMAEY OF CEOPS, 1905. Bushels. V/hrnt: 10 varieties, 44 acres 1,7G2 12 half acres, rotation test 174 40 uniform test plots 78 2,014 Outs : 12 varieties, 54 acres. 5,070 2 half acres, rotation test 47 41 uniform test plots 206 5,323 SCO EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Barley: 9 varieties, 35 acres 2,217 1 half acre, rotation test 22 34 uniform test plots 102 2,341 Pease : 5 varieties, 4 acres 193 38 uniform test plots . 117 310 Flax 20 Rye ^. . 13 Tons. Lbs. Emmer and Spelt . . 4,302 Corn, ensilage 70 Hay: Bronie grass 31 Eye grass 10 Sundry grasses 1 800 Alfalfa 2 1,200 Hay cut in coulees 25 70 Bushels. Roots 5,000 Potatoes 145 VEGETABLE GARDEN. The tests made the past year with vegetables were on the vphole very satisfactory. Onions, carrots, beets and cabbage were sown or planted in duplicate plots. The one had vegetables the previous year, and was manured and ploughed after the vege- tables were taken up. The second plot was fallowed in 1904. As will be observed, the vegetables on the fallowed plot gave the largest return. Asparagus. There was a good crop from the old beds of asparagvis; in use May 14 to July 13. The varieties grown are Barr's Mammoth, Barr's Elmira and Conover's Colossal. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Beans — Sown May 14 and 20. S81 Variety. Currie's Rust-proof Aug. Challenge Black Early Six Weeks July Sown Mat 14. In use. Ripe. Fame of Vitry Extra Early Haricot Emperor of Russia. Golden Skiiiless . . Black Speckled. . . . Dwarf Kidney .... Aug. July Aug. July Sept. 7 7 Aug. 30 Did not ripen. Aug. 30 Sept. 7 7 7 20 7 Sown May 20. In use. Rijie. Aug. 14 14 7 14 7 14 16 16 18 14 Sept. 24 24 24 Did not ripen . Sept. 24 24 Did not ripen. Sept. 24 Did not ripen , Sept. 24 Remaeks. »3 Wax.. Green Wax.. Green Wax.. In. 4-5 4 5 5-6 6-7i 4-5 4-5 5-Gh 3-4" 4-6 4-5 Broccoli. Sown in hot-house March 31 ; set out May 17. Crop was a failure. Beets. Sown in garden May 10, and on fallow May 16 ; in use July 19 ; pulled October 10. When thinning the rows on June 24, a number were transplanted. Thej,e beets were larger and rougher than those left where they were sown. Variety. Long Red Blood . . . Egyptian Turnip Blood Red . Nutting's Improved Yield per Acre. First Seeding. Bush. 690 610 732 732 Trans- planted. Bush. 500 750 715 520 Second Seeding. Bush. 429 298 480 242 Trans- planted. Bush. 710 824 880 806 Remarks. Fairly smooth. Smooth. Seed badly mixed. Brussels Sprouts. Sown in hot-house March 31 ; set out May 18 ; in use September 1. Covered with sprouts of good quality. Carrots. Variety. Early Gem Long Blood Red Ohantenay French Horn . . . Half Long Luc . In use. Aug. 4 6 July 29 12 29 Yield per Acre. Sown in Garden A pi. 30. Bu.sh. 520 533 497 605 701 Sown on Fallow May 6. Bush. 829 630 533 666 713 Remarks. Good quality. Good quality. Very good. Good early carrot. Good. The carrots were pulled on October 10. 382 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDV/ARD Vli., A. 1905 Cauliflower. Sown in hot-iiouse March 31; set out May 18; second seeding April 11; set out May 27. Variety. First Sowing i>f Garden. In use. Snowball July 7 Earliest Dwarf Erfurt ... « H Half Early Paris ■ IS Average Weight. Second Sowing on Fallow . Lbs. 5 5 6 In use. July 20 20 22 Average Weight. Lbs. G 6^ Remarks. Best quality. Good. Guo'i. Cabb.\ge. Sown in hot-house March 31 ; set out in garden May 18. Second sowing April 11 set out on fallow May 27. Variety. 1st Seeding. 2nd Seeding. Remark.?, In Use. Average Weight. Lbs. 5 I 5 G 9 n 7 In L'^se. Average Vv^eight. Julvl4 ,." 17 M 17 „ 24. .. M 24 ,. 24 ,. 24 „ 20 Aug. G .. G... ., 10... .. 14... ,. 14... M 14... ,. 14 .. M 12 . Lbs. G 9 7 5 G 9 ; 10 1 8 Good quality. Extra Early Express Early Midsummer Savoy Poor, soft lu"ar:.=. Good, solid he .d Fottler's Drumhead Large Flat Drumhead Green Globe Savoy Good heads. i Variety. 20. 28. 28. Garden Corn. Red Squaw, sown May 20. White Squaw m 20. Peep o' Day Red Squaw White Squaw Peep o' Day Cross (Squaw and Fordhook Ey.), sown May 28. . . Thomdike, sown May 31 . Tassel. July 3. 3 17 12. 12. 21. 2G. 22. In Silk. July 17. „ 17. M 30. „ 22. „ 22. 1. Aus Green In Use. Aug. 10.. M 10.. „ 20.. >, l^ . .. 15.. „ 2.5.. M 31.. „ 2G.. Ripe. Sept. 7.. 7 . 14.. 8.. 8.. IG.. 24 . Remarks. Small cobs. Good. Poor cobs ; grown too near hedge. Cobs good size and qual- ity. Cut Sept. 14, but not quite ripe. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACE AY S83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Celery, Five varieties were tested : White Plume, Paris Golden Yellow, Rose-ribbed Paris, Eed Large-ribbed and Giant Pascal. Sown in hot-house April 2; transplanted May 4; set out June 7; "White Plume in use August 20, the other varieties September 1. The celery did not grow very large, but was of good quality. Cucumbers. Sown April 20 in hot-house; set out May 23. Average length. Remarks. Exrlv White Spine, in use from Aug. 11, until Sept. 25 C'lnibcriand .. .. 20 „ „ 25 , ; Long Green >, „ 21 ,. „ 25 6 in. 1:; Good crop. The young plants were frozen back on June 24, and took 3 weeks to recover. Citrons. Eed Seeded citron was sown in hot-house April 20; set out May 23; killed by frost June 24. Also sown in open June 24 ; a little fruit ripened September 30, averag- ing only 3 inches in diameter. Lettuce. Varietv. 1st Sowing. All the year round A pril 20 Red Ed^ed Victoria Brown Stonehead Neapolitan Trocadero Tom Thumb Cos, Trianon Cos, Green Paris 20.. 20.. 20.. 20.. 20.. 20.. 20.. In Use. June 5.. May June Remarks. Fair. Very good. Best of all. Fair. Small, solid heads. Solid, coarse. Second seeding May 13; in use June 24. Third seeding June 10; in use July 18. Fourth seeding July 14; in use September 1. Fifth seeding July 29; in use Sep- tember 24. Melons. Musk melon — Hamilton Market and New Garden Lemon, and Water melon — Phinney's Early were sown in hot-house April 20; set out May 23; injured by frost, June 24. They were also sown in open on June 2. Hamilton Market ripened three melons of fair quality on September 16; the other sorts did not mature. 381 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Oxioxs. Sown in open, April 30; pulled September 22. Variety. Size. Yield per Acre. Remarks. Large Red Wethersfield Large Medium Small...!;;; Bushels. 266 254 157 145 90 Firm, good quality. Rough, good for summer use. Market Favorite Fair quality. Grood. Did not mature i^roperly. Sown in open, May 6; pulled September 22. Yellow Globe Danvers . . . Trebon's Large Yellow.. . Silverskin Large Red Wethersfield . Market Favorite These would have yielded bet- ter, but high wind covered seed too deeply with drifting soil. Sown in hot-house, April 2; set out ITay 6; pulled September 22. Mixed seed. Mixed seed Veiy large. . 205 Very fine quality. Parsxips. Sown May 10; in use September 10. Manitoba Prize Intermediate, 774 bushels per acre; solid, good quality. Hollow Crown, 484 bushels per acre ; fair quality. Parsley. Moss Curled and Triple Curled, sown May 17 ; in use July 19. Made a fine growth. Peppers. Large Red Pepper. Sown in hot-house April 1; set out June 3. Pods about 4 inches long, but did not ripen. PuilPKIXS. Large Yellow Field Pumpkin, sown in hot-house April 20; set out May 23; first ripe September 12. A good crop of fair sized pumpkins. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Garden Pease. So^vn May 5 and j\Iay 16. Each lot did well. 385 Name. Size. In use. Ripe. Remarks. Admiral Alaska Small July 26 .. 14 Aug. 2 2 11 2 July 14!!!!!!!! Aug. 2 July 12 1, 20 Aug. 6 6 6 8 July 21 .. 31 .. 17 M 14 Aug. 8 July 30 M 21 Aug. 6 Aug. 22 .. 18 M 24 1. 28 Sept. 2 Aug. 16 „ 26 >. 16 .. 24 „ 28 Sept. 1 Aug. 28 Sept. 1 Aug. 18 Sept. 1 Aug. 16 .. 16 .. 30 M 28 ,. 21 Sept. 1 American Wonder Anticipation Burpee's Profusion Extra Early Everbearing First of All First and Best Medium Large Medium Best medium. Very good. Good early pea. 1, Champion of England Harrison's Glory Horsford's Market Garden Laxton's Charmer Nott's Excelsior Premium Gem Rural New Yorker Surprise Stratagem Shropshire Hero Wra. Hurst Yorkshire Hero Small Medium Good quality. Best early pea. Best all round pea. Poor crop. One of the earliest. Very large Medium Small Medium Extra good. Eadish. Five sowings of radishes were made, on April 30, ^lay 9, !May 28, June 24 and July 29. The first seeding grew too slowly, and the radishes were hot and stringy. The last seeding was too late. Following are results from other three seedings : — Variety. 2nd Seeding. In use. 3rd Seeding. lu use. 4th Seeding. In use. Remarks. Early Turnip Scarlet Deep Scarlet June 12 .. . „ 12 - 14 .. 14 M 12 June 28 * July 21 M 23... . M 23 u 23 „ 23 Good quality. Fair quality. Olive Scarlet « Very tender and crisp. Olive White-tipped June 30 * Early Scarlet White-tipped Good. *Not sown at third seeding. Winter Eadish. Sown Jvily 10 and 29 ; pulled October 20. Second sowing too late, and did not come to much. Black S]^anish, very large, but of poor quality. Scarlet China, large and of good quality. Sage. Sown Hay 17 ; in use July 15 ; pulled September 12 ; very good. Savory. Sown May 17; in use July 15; pulled October 20; fair. 16—25 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 Spixach. Bloomsdale and Victoria, sown May 17 ; in use July 12 ; quality good. Tobacco. Six varieties were sown in hot-house, April 3; transplanted to garden, June 3. Name. In Bloom. First fit to pull. Connecticut Small Red Canadian Cannelle White Burley Primus Zimmer's Special. . . . All varieties did well. Tomatoes. Sown in hot-house, April 3; set out May 28 in three plots: ' 1 ' on fallow; '2' in a garden plot, and ' 3 ' in garden rather too close to a tall hedge, which caused a great reduction in the yield, though on the north of the plants. The plants were put out three feet apart, the rows also were three feet apart. All tomatoes which had not ripened by September 15 were pulled on that date for use in pickling. Variety. First Ripe. Number of Plants. Yield. Colour and Quality. Plot 1— Earliest of All . . . t Sept. 8 -, 11 Did not ripen . , Sept. 8 „ 12 20 20 17 10 10 5 bush. 3 „ i " i " Scarlet, go d, large, but rather rough. Pink, fine and smooth. Plentiful Plot 2— Earliest of All Plot 3— Earliest of All Plentiful Very small. Table Turxips. Sown May 22; pulled October 10. Yellow Golden Ball, in use July 14; yield per acre, 1,3G5 bush. Good, solid. White Milan, in use July 10; yield per acre, 1,14S bush. Some hollow. Early White Flat American, in use July 14; yield per acre, 1,087 bush. Some hollo-u. • Early Stone, in use July 14; yield per acre, 863 bush. Many hollow. All were bitter in flavour. Rhubarb. Oil beds iu use May 20. Tobolsk, good quality Herb, very poor, Victoria, good quality and growth- REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MAC KAY 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Prince Albert^ poor. Koyal Albert, good. Salt's Perfection, good. Prince of Wales, very good. Eoyal Linnaeus, very good. Magnum Bonum, very good. Stravvberry, very good, rather small stalks. Ear]y Crimson, very good. Early Scarlet, very fair. Seed of the following varieties was sown on May 6 : — Myatt's Linnaeus. Salt's Perfection. Fottler's Improved. Early Crimson. Scarlet Nonpareil. Monarch. Prince Albert. Magnum Bonum. Victoria. Early Prince. Royal LinniEus. Brabant's Colossal. Strawberry. THE ELOWER GARDEN. The flower garden was again very good; most of the varieties grown flowered profusely, and proved a great attraction to visitors during the summer months. AxxuALS. — Propagated in hot-house. Sown April 1 and 3. Variety. Set out. Bloom. Remarks. Asters, 10 varieties May 23.... June 2 . . . ,. 12.... -. 12... 1.... 1.... From July 16 ... M 16.... Aug. 24.... July 24... M 18.... 8.... To Sept. 30.... ,. 26.... .. 26.... M 26.... M 14.... ., 26.... Some very fine blooms. Fine. Fair. Fine border. Very good. Attractive. Did not germinate. Very fine. Did not germinate. Quantity of bloom. Very fair show. Very good. Did not germinate. Fair. Did not germinate. Pink blooms, very pretty. Did not germinate. Bloomed very freely. Very fine and sweet. Verj' fine indeed. Antirrhinum majus nanum Abronia umbellata Ageratum, dwarf Balsam, Camellia-flowered Brachycome iberidifolia Bartonia aurea Chrysanthemum coronariuin Clarkia •Tune 2 July 2.... Oct. 10.... Oct. 5 M 10... 5.... Coreopsis, 3 varieties Dianthus, 4 varieties Gaillardia picta Godetia splendens May 26.... .. 25.... June 2 July 9.... 9 ... ., 12...- Helichrysum, doi-.; .e mix>-d 'June 2. . . Iberis Gibraltarica | Lavatera rosea splendens 'June 12. . . . Lobelia, Crystal Palace | July 20..., Jia'ly ii'.'.'.. Sept. 26 .. Oct.'h'.'.'.'. ^Marigold, Double Royal ^lignonette Nicotiana affinis Nasturtium -Tune 2.... 2.... 3 .. May 27 . . . .July 20.... 1.... 6... June 20.... H 21.... .July 12.... June 21 . . . July 1 . . . . June 15 •July 2i).... Biennial Oct. 10 ... „ 10.... .. 10.... Sept. 1... 1.... „ 26 ... bci.'io'.'.'.. „ 10.. . .. 26... ., 12.... Poppv, 6 varieties M 27.... Did splendidly, but sown rather too early in hot-house. Very fine. Did not germinate. Very good. Made a grand bed. Very fine, some double. Very good. Made good growth. Did not germinate. Some fine, but many single. Portulaca Phacelia Phlox Drummondii, 4 varieties . Petunia, 3 varieties May 26... ..■ 26... June 4 2.... 4.... May 23.'.'.'. June 2 . . 2 ... Pansies, many varieties Scabiosa, 2 varieties Sweet William Salpiglossis Stocks June 22..!. .- 23.... July 8... 6et.""l'!!; M 12... II 5. . . . Zinnia elegans.. . 16— 25J 388 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Annuals — Sown in open, May 10. Variety. Antirrhinum . . . . Salpiglossis Gaillardia Nasturtium Phacelia Clarkia Tagetes Godetia Poppy Dianthus Eschscholtzia Bartonia aurea Marigold . . Maize, Striped -leaved M Japonica gigantea. Scabiosa Celosia Neniophila Ageratum Bloom. From Auc July 20. .. 20. ., 2G. M 18. Aug. S. July 27. Aug. 8. July 12. n 10. ,. 16. Aug. 20, „ 16. June 12. July 26. To Oct. 15. , 10. . 10. Sept. 26. ,. 26. ,. 26. Oct. 10. Sept. 26. Oct. 10. 1. 10. „ 10. Sept. 26. Oct. 1 . Oct. 12. Sept. 14. 4. „ 26. Remarks. Fair. Very hand.some. Very good. Did well. Small blue flower. Very fair. Very fine show. II Good show. Did well. Bloomed very freely. Did well. Pretty leaf, 5 ft. high. II Very fine. Poor. Bloomed freely. Very pretty. Sweet Pease. — 32 varieties, sown April 22 and 27. Earliest of All, in bloom July 4 ; fine blooms. Earliest Sunbeams, in bloom, July 5; cream, very pretty. McKenzie's Selection, in bloom, July 10, fair. Laura Belle, in bloom, July 10 ; very good, mixed. Eckford's Hybrid, in bloom, July 12; fair, mixed. Tom Thumb, in bloom, July 18; fine for borders. Blushing Beauty, in bloom, July 12: delicate pink; small, free bloomer. New Bush, in bloom, July 15, 2J feet high. Double Flowering, in bloom, July 12; nice mixture. Mrs. Walter Wright, in bloom, July 14; lavender, fine bloom. King Edward VII., in bloom, July 14; scarlet, very fine. Marchioness of Cholmondeley, in bloom, July 14; primrose, pink edge, good. Mrs. Sydenham, in bloom, July 16; pink and flesh colour. Orchid Flowering, in bloom, July 12; very fine, mixed. Blanche Burpee, in bloom, July 12, pure white, rather small. Navy Blue, in bloom, July 12, fine. Burpee's Latest Special, in bloom, July 14, very fine indeed. Hon. Mrs. Kenyon, in bloom, July 12 ; primrose, large free bloomer. Dorothy Eckford, in bloom JuJy 12; pure white, grand blooms. Othello, in bloom, July 20; very dark, shy bloomer. Sunproof, in bloom, July 14; scarlet, very fine. Aurora, in bloom, July 12; striped pink and white. Burpee's Dainty, in bloom, July 12, white, pink edge, very pretty. Florence Spencer, in bloom, July 14; pink, large and half-double. Scarlet Gem, in bloom, July 12 ; free bloomer, sunburns badly. Jessie Cuthbertson, in bloom, July 14; good. Lady Grisel Hamilton, in bloom, July 12 ; very handsome. Agnes Johnston, in bloom, July 14; cream, pink and flesh colour. Golden Rose, in bloom, July 12; cream. Coccinea, in bloom, July 12; peculiar red. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY 389 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Mrs, Dugdale, in bloom, July 14; shaded pink, very pretty. Mrs. Wilmott, in bloom, July 14; large blooms. The best of the blooms were over by September 10. The following varieties of flowers were sown in the open on April 20 as borders to flower beds : — , Variety. Bloom. Remarks. Mignonette From June 20.... M 30.... Aug. 6.... July 20.... 2 ... June 10 July 15.... To Oct. 13.... Aug. 16... Oct. 10 ... ■„ 10.... 1.... Aug. 1.... „ 15.... Too large variety for border. Whitlavia Scabicsa Phlox Eschscholtzia I'oor. Fair, rather tall. Very good border. Good, but rather large. Good, but over too soon. Candytuft Very good border. Sown in hot house April 1 ; set out Jirne 2 : — Antirrhinum, Tom Thumb, in bloom from July 12, to September 26; very fine border. Ageratum dwarf, in bloom from July 24, to September 26; fine border. Perennials. All the old beds of perennial flowers made luxuriant growth the past seasoli, and below are given some of the more noticeable ones, with time of flowering:— Achillea, in bloom from July 1. Clematis, in bloom from July 3, to August 10. Centaurea macrophylla, in bloom from July 8. Cactus, ground, in bloom from July 8, to August 4. Columbine, in bloom from June 6 to August 1. Campanula macrantha, in bloom from July 6 to September 1. Delphinium, in bloom from July 15 to Avigust 20. Everlasting Pea, in bloom from July 8 to July 30. Hollyhock, in bloom from August 7 to September 11. Helianthus autumnalis, in bloom from July 24. Irises, in bloom from May 20 to July 8. Lupins, in bloom from June 30 to August 20. Lilium elegans (orange), in bloom from July 5 to October 10. " Tiger lily, in bloom from July 11 to July 30. " white varieties, in bloom from July 23 to October 10. Lychnis, in bloom from July 1 to August 30. Mint, in bloom from July 15. Paeonia tenuifolia, in bloom from May 23 to June 7. Paeonies, other varieties, in bloom from June 25 to July 23. Spiraea filipendula, in bloom from July 12. " ulmaria, in bloom from July 8. Sweet William, in bloom from July 4 to September 15. Tulips, in bloom from May 10 to June 14. Veronica salurgoides, in bloom from July 18 to September 1. Special mention must be made of the Pseonies, which bore an abundance of magnificent blooms. Tulips, Irises, Cannas and Dahlias, were all extra fine. A large 390 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 number of bulbs, roots, &c., of all the above species were sent up from the Central Experimental Farm, in the fall of 1&04, or last spring. They nearly all did very well, and made a very fine show all the season. A very fine collection of Lily bulbs sent also, including the following varieties : — Lilium elegans, L. Krameri, L. concolor, L. speciosum rubrum, L. aiiratum, L. Broivnii and L. elegans flore plena, L. gigantcum, L. longifiorum and L. mulliflorum. Nearly all these flowered profusely, and were greatly admired. This fall another collection of bulbs of the following sorts has been sent up from the Central Farm, and set out in the gardens and grounds : — Tulips, single and double ; Narcissus; Iris; Squills; Crocus; Snowdrops. There are several hundred bulbs in all, and it is hoped they will make a fine show next year. TEEES AND SHEUBS. Trees and shrubs made a most vigorous growth during the past season, with the exception of the m.aples (native). These were attacked by aphis, and in some cases greatly injured. Several long hedges of maple were dug up in the spring on account of doing injury to fruit and other bushes by shading them too much from the sunlight and air. Others will be removed next spring for the same cause. Among the most attractive of the shrubs during the flowering period were a fine group of Lilacs, set out in 1901, which bloomed for the first time this year. The varieties named in the following list were covered with blossom : — Syringa vulg. Maxime Cornu. " " La Tour d'Auvergne. " " de Marly. " " Pres. Grevy. : " " Mathieu de Dombasle. " " Lemoinii fl. pi., (White). " " Mdme. Casimir Perier (White). " " Chas. Joly. " " Francisque Morel. " " Virginite. " " Madame Lemoine (Wliite). " " Eubella Plena. " " Michael Buchner. " " Condorcet. " " Marie Legraye (White). Several other varieties made good growth, but did not bloom. Other conspicuous flowering trees and shrubs were — Prunus Maackii, Prunus Grayana maxima, Caragana, Tartarian Honeysuckle, Llawthorn and Siberian Crab. A large bundle of tree and shrub seedlings was sent from the Experimental Farm Ottawa, last spring. S-ome of these were planted in the Arboretum, and the rest in a part of the grounds where it is proposed to establish a collection of some of the most attractive and best growing sorts. A list of the varieties is appended: — Euonymus linearis, Eetinospora ericoides. Viburnum lentago. Thuya occid. globosa, Philadelphus nepaulensis, " pyramidalis, " grandiflorum.. " Wareana lutescens, Ceanothus americanus, Picea Englemanni, Cornus sibirica variegata, Pinus sylvestris globosa, Populus angustifolia, " Beauvonensis, Japan Tree Lilac, Picea excelsa pygmaea, REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MAC KAY Ml SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Acer dasycarpuni. Seed from Juniperus Sehottii, Winnipeg. Pinus cembra. Symplioricarpus (Gilbert Plains), Golden Juniper, Syringa amurense, Juniperus sabina variegata. Sea Buckthorn, Abies excelsa procumbens, Pinus inops, " " pyramidalis. THE AEBORETUM. The trees and shrubs under observation in the Arboretum came througL the win- ter very well, and made a good start in the spring, owing to the early season. Though the protection afforded by snow was comparatively light, through the light snowfall, yet, as the winter was on the whole mild, the trees did not kill back any more than usual. During the summer, the abundant rains caused an extra strong growth in all varieties. The following additions were made to the Arboretum last spring, from the supply of trees, &c., sent up from the Central Farm : — Syringa amurense, Populus angustifolia, Japan Tree Lilac, Viburnum opulus (Riding Mountains), Cornus sibirica variegata, Philadelphus nepaulensis, Symphoricarpus (Gilbert Plains), Euonymus linearis, Viburnum lentago, Austrian Pine, Acer dasycarpum (Seed from Red Pine, Winnipeg), Scotch Pine. PLANTING TREE SEEDS. Many inquiries are made during the year as to the best way to grow tree seeds in the Territories, where usually at the time they are sown, the soil is very dry. For sev- eral seasons, little or no trouble has been experienced from this cause on the Experi- mental Farm, while in some districts the weather has been very dry. Maple seeds can be sown late in October, or early in May. It is not safe to sow all the supply of mapile seed in the fall, as very often germination takes place too early in the spring, and frost kills the entire crop. Ash seed should be sown in October. Elm seed should be sown as soon as gathered in June, though it sometimes succeeds if sown the following spring. Elm seed requires a very light covering of fine, moist soil, not over i-inch in thick- ness, while maple and ash should be covered 1 or IJ inehes. Tree and shrub seeds should be sown in rows about 30 inches apart to permit horse cultivation when considerable quantities are grown. In all cases the land should be prepared the year preceding sowing, so as to have the soil as fine as possible. Breaking and backsetting new land, and summer-fallowing old, make the best and safest preparation. Trees should be transplanted when seedling's are 2 years old. When left until 3 or 4 years old, the trouble and expense are greatly increased. A large quantity of tree and shrub seedlings and seeds are available for next spring's distribution. A list of a few of the best is given, with the uses to whjch they are adapted. 392 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Common Name. For slielterbelts or windbreaks — Native Maple, or Box Elder. Voronesh Willow. Sharp-leaved Willow*. Green Ash. For avenue or shade — American Cottonwood. " Elm. Russian Poplar. Moimtain Ash, American. For hedges — Siberian Pea Tree. Common Cotoneaster. Common Lilac. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Native Haw.thorn. Scarlet Haw. Breaking Buckthorn. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Botanical Name. Negundo aceroides. Salix voronesh. Salix acutifolia; Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Populus deltoidea. Ulmus americana. (Several species). Pyrus americana. Caragana arborescens. Cotoneaster integerrima. Syringa vulgaris. Lonicera tatarica. Crataegus crus galli. Crataegus coccinea. Khamnus frangula. For ornamental shrubbery those recommended for hedges are useful, and also the following : — Dwarf Caragana. Sorbus-leaved Spirsea. Spiraea arguta. Van Houtte's Spirsea. Japanese Spirsea. Caragana pygmsea. Spirsea sorbifolia. Spirsea arguta. Spirsea Van Houttei. Spirsea Japonica. Climbers for porches, &c. : — Virginia Creeper, Clematis, Hops, Climbing Honey- suckle, and Wild Cucumber. FRUIT TREES. PLANTIXG. Last spring several hundred cross-bred apples and seedlings were sent up from the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and planted. A list of the varieties and numbers is given below. 5 Charles. 10 Columbia. 8 Bow. 5 Eve. 6 Tony. Cross-hred Apple Trees. 2 Aurora. 6 Pioneer. 10 Alberta. 5 Dawn. 6 Manitou. 2 Ruby. 2 Carleton. 5 Prince. 2 Northern Queen. 3 Elsa. REPORT OF AIR. AXGUS MACEAY 393 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Seedlings of Cross-hred Apples. 19 Seed] lings of Sparta. 20 Seedlings of Jewel. 2 u Olive. 26 (( Foster. 2 a Stisan. 9 u Eobin. 4 li Gordon. 7 (( Silvia. 7 u Cluster. 8 ii Madge. 3 u Jane. 20 a Golden. 2 iC Bude. 8 ii Lizzie. 11 u Akers. 6 ii Raymond. 25 u Sankey. 3 ii Pringle. 13 (I Aurora. 20 a Carleton. 28 u Manitou. 10 ii Stork. 30 cc Tony. 13 a No. 572. 38 CI Alberta. 12 ii Derby. 7 u Prince. 6 Cl Dawn. 26 ii Garnet. 7 ii Edna. 10 a Pioneer. 19 a Caleb. 1 a Dean. 9 a No. 432. 17 u Columbia. 2 a Blushed Calville. 3 li Sam. 3 ii Small Red Apple. 11 <( Eaton. 2 cc Hare Pipka. 2 li Hudson. 8 cc Elsa. 17 a Stork. 4 iC No. 768. 20 a Northern Queen. 3 ii No. 218. 18 (( Mary. 7 ii No. 570. 9 u Romney. These were all set out in new plots of ground, being planted 15 feet apart each way, or else being used to fill vacancies in the older orchards. The balance were put in nursery rows till room can be found for them in a plot which is being prepared. PLUMS. Twelve seedlings of Carstesen plum and one of Aitkin plum, were received, and planted in the plum orchard. FRUIT CROP. siBERiAx CRAB (Pi/rus taccato). The Siberian Crab trees fruited well as usual, but the crop was hardly as heavy as in 1904. CROSS-BRED APPLES. A few of the Cross-bred apple trees fruited this year, namely, Cavan, No. 19, Aurora, No. 45. The fruit was considerably larger than the Pyrus baccata, but most of the large ones were stolen long before they were ripe. Some seedling trees of cross-bred apples also fruited, but in most cases reverted more or less to the original type of Pyrus baccata, and consequently will be discarded, being of no greater value than the baccata. 394 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 PLUMS. A remarkably heavy crop of fruit set, and for the most part, completely ripened, as this year there were no frosts sufficient to harm the fruit before October. A num- ber of branches were broken down by the weight of plums. Manitoba Native, Weaver and Aitkin Plums all produced abundantly. SAND CHERRY. Seedling of Wonder Sand Cherry, planted 1901. This fruited for the first time this year. The fruit was quite a good size and sweet. SHALL FEinTS. CURRANTS. A very heavy crop of fruit set, but was attacked by the currant maggot (Epochm canadensis), and at the time of ripening it was found that more than half the crop was infested with the maggots, causing the fruit to be valueless, unless very carefully picked, which was a slow and tedious job. RASPBERRIES. The raspberry crop was good. The frequent rains during July and ths early part of August when the fruit was filling, helped it considerably. Marlborough, Caroline, Kenyon Seedling, Dr. Reider, Garfield, Mary, Turner and Miller raspberries, with Older and Tlillborn black caps are the varieties being grown at present. GOOSEBERRIES. Gooseberries were practically a failure this year. Some of the bushes had a few berries on, but the majority were quite bare. STRAWBERRIES. The strawberry plants set out in 1904 came through the winter satisfactorily, but did not produce any fruit, except a few odd berries. They have been well covered uij again this fan, and it is hoped they will fruit well 7aext season. CATTLE. The herd of cattle at present consists of 19 pure bred Shorthorn females and 7 bulls, and 28 grade animals. Last winter the entire herd was tested for tuberculosis, and not one reacted. AUCTION SALE OF PURE BRED STOCK. An auction sale of pure bred shorthorn cattle and of swine was held on May 11 last. On the two preceding days and nights rain and snow fell, making the roads almost impassable, causing a very small attendance. Four head of cattle and two pigs were sold, and the others were withdrawn. REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEA7 395 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FEEDING TESTS. On December 2, 4 three-year old steers were purcliased', and on December 14, 4 two-year olds, with the object of ascertaining at which age the animals could be most economically fattened. They were tested with tuberculin and found to be healthy. The test was for 16 weeks, commencing on December 16 and ending on April 7. The steers were divided into two lots ; Lot 1 comprising the 2 year-old animals, and Lot 2 the 3 year-olds, and were fed the following ration : — Lot 1, per head, per day. — 11 lbs. ensilage, 8 lbs. straw, 12 lbs. roots and J lb. ground linseed. Ln addition, meal was fed at the rate of 2 lbs. for each animal per day, and increased by 2 lbs. each month during the test. Lot 2, per head, per day. — 15 lbs. ensilage, 14 lbs, straw, 15 lbs. roots and J lb. ground linseed. Meal, 4 lbs. each per day for first month, increased 2 lbs. per day each month of test. The straw was cut, and mixed with the ensilage before being fed. 1 he meal used consisted of two parts barley and one part small wheat. Before the test started the animals were fed the same ration as during the first month of test, except that only | lb. of ground linseed was fed, instead of ^ lb. After test was completed till the steers were sold on April 25, they were fed the same as dur- ing the last month of test. «, Following will be found a statement of the total amount and estimated value of the feed consumed, the monthly and total weights and gains of each lot during the test, and a summary of the financial result of the transaction. Total Weight axd Estimated Value of Feed Consumed During the Whole Period from Date Bought till Sold. Before Test Started CLot 1, 2 Days, Lot 2, Ik Days). Feed Value. Lot 1. Lot 2. Lbs. Cost. Lbs. Cost. §2 per ton ... . -SI ,. .... 88 04 80 16 2 $ cts. 0 09 0 03 0 07 0 10 0 04 840 784 500 224 14 S cts. 0 84 0 39 0 47 1 49 Straw Meal f c. per lb 2c Ground linseed 0 28 0 33 3 47 During Test ill2 Days). Ensilage Straw Root Meals. Ground linseed S2 per ton $1 , oc. per bush. . . io. per lb 2c. 4,928 3,584 5,376 2,240 186 4 92 1 79 4 48 14 93 3 72 29 84 6,720 6,272 6,720 3,136 186 6 72 3 13 5 22 20 90 3 72 39 69 Till Sold (18 Days). Ensilage Straw Roots S2 per ton SI „ .... 792 576 864 576 36 0 79 0 29 0 72 3 84 0 72 1,0S0 1,008 1,080 720 36 1 08 0 50 0 90 4 80 0 72 Meal Ac. per lb Ground linseed 2c. 11 6 36 8 00 396 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Summary JJost of Feeding. Before test During test Till sold Total Average per steer Lotl. $ cts. 0 33 29 84 6 36 36 53 9 13 Lot 2. $ cts. 3 47 39 69 8 00 51 16 12 79 Total. $ cts. 3 80 69 53 14 36 87 69 Monthly Weights and Gains During Test. Weight at sftirt of test End of 1st 4 weeks — Weight. Gain . . . 2nd 3rd 4th Total gaia durini Weight. Gain . . . Weight.. Gain . . . . Weight. Gain . . . . test Lotl. Lbs. Lot 3. Lbs. 2,880 4,900 2,980 5,100 100 200 3,260 5,330 280 230 3,490 5,570 230 240 3,740 5,880 250 310 860 980 Summary of Financial Result of the Transaction. Weight bought At Amount paid.. . . Cost of feed Total cost Weight when sold. Less 5 per cent shrinkage Net weight sold At Amount received Total gain in weight Average gain per steer Net profit Profit per steer 2,880 lbs. $ 20 00 per head. 80 00 36 53 116 53 3,840 lbs. 192 3,648 3f cents. $136 80 960 lbs. 240 „ $ 20 27 5 07 Lot 2. 5,125 lb'. 3^ cents per lb. $160 15 51 16 211 31 6,000 lbs. 300 5,700 4 cents. $228 00 875 lbs. 219 „ $ 16 69 4 17 HORSES. There are 13 horses now on the farm. Since sending in my last report, the follow- ing changes have taken place: One horse died, two old mares were shot on account of extreme age, and a herd pony was exchanged. A span of driving horses and one work horse have been bought, and last spring a colt was born. SWINE. Last spring a Yorkshire white boar and sow were sent to the farm from the Central Farm at Ottawa, and have done well since their arrival. During the past REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY 3S7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 twelve months 2 Berkshire boars and 7 sows, and 2 Tamworth boars and 1 sow have been sold to farmers for breeding purposes. There are at present on the farm 11 Yorkshire White, 23 Berkshire and 9 Tam- worth pigs. POULTRY. Barred Plymouth Eock, Black Minorca and Light Brahma fowls are kept. Set- tings of eggs and young fowls are sold to applicants so far as the supply permits. Record was kept of the number of eggs laid by each breed for 7 months, April to October inclusive, and the results are given below : — Plymouth Rocks. Black Minoecas. Light Brahmas. Hens. Eggs. Eggs per hen. Hens. Eggs. Eggs per hen. Hens. Eggs. Eggs per hen. April May June 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 171 128 137 138 142 100 65 17 12 12 11 11 8 5 1 8 5 5 8 3 4 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 183 199 102 86 120 57 19 14 15 7 6 8 4 1 1 3 3 1 6 1 4 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 93 87 61 32 20 10 0 11-6 10-9 8-7 July 53 August 33 September October 2- 0" Total 881 7G6 303 Average No. hens 11-3 13-7 6-4 II II eggs per hen 78 56 47 INSTITUTE MEETINGS. I had the pleasure of attending institute meetings in the month of June, in com- pany with Mr. George Harcourt (then supermtendent of institute work for the Ter- ritories), at Kj-le, Shanon, Kinistino, Melfort, Birch Hills and Red Deer Hil'l, all south or southeast of Prince Albert in Saskatchewan. These nieetings were arranged by tlie Department of Agriculture at Regina, and all, with one exception, when heavy rain interfered, were very well attended. These meetings gave me an opportunity of seeing the growing crops throughout a large section of the country, as well as of seeing the general conditions of farming carried on in the northern settled part of Saskatchewan. For some weeks prior to my visit, the weather in the north had been very dry, and grain as a rule was fur- ther advanced than in the southern districts, but was not so heavy, and weeds were mora noticeable. The crops however on the whole looked very well, with many very line fields of wheat and oats. Having visited this section of country several years ago, when there was no raili'oad, or way of disposing of the products grown, except teaming very long dis- tances to market, it gave me great pleasure to visit field after field of grain, and to see alongside cars ready to take it to the consumer. Then, Melfort and Kinistino consisted of a post office and a school. Now, both are large and ambitious towns, giving good evidence of what two magnificent districts can do, when facilities are provided for taking out of the country its products. GRAIK dealers' TRIP. Through the kindness of the grain dealers of AVinnipeg, I enjoyed a trip of three days' duration before harvest time through the wheat fields of part of Assini- 398 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 boia and Manitoba. The crops along tbe new railway lines from Rcgina, by way of Areola to Brandon, and from Kirkella to Lipton, were especially interesting to me, as it was my first visit through these new and fast-growing settlements. jSTesdless to say, grain looked fine everywhere, and in some districts, harvesting was under way. TRIP THROUGH ALBERTA DURING HARVEST TIME. It was my great privilege during the latter part of August, and early in Septem- ber, to take an extended trip through the newly formed province of Alberta, with your- self, and to see with much pleasure the large crops of grain being harvested, and in some cases threshed. At High River and Claresholm (on the Canadian Pacific Railway from Calgary to Macleod) extended trips were made through the districts, and on all sides fall wheat was either in stook or being threshed. Spring wheat and oats were being cut, and everywhere the grain was very fine indeed. At Leavings and Macleod the crops were also very fine. On reaching Lethbridge, a special train was placed at our disposal to see the grain fields as far as Cardston, through the kindness of Mr. A. T. Gait, president of the Gait Coal Mines, and of Mr. Magrath, the latter accompanying us over the line. On ac- count of dry weather the crops did not appear so heavy south of Lethbridge as further north, but everywhere evidence was seen of large fields being sown with winter wheat; one field alone contained 2,000 acres. At Raymond, the large sugar factory was being put in order for its harvest. On all sides sugar beets were observed, and those fields examined were certainly extra good. As soon as possible after the new province was born, Edmonton was reached, and a few days spent among the grain fields surrounding the future capital. Everywhere the crops were fine, very many were in stook. Winter wheat was not grown so exten- sively in the north as in the south the past season, but considerable had been sown in all the districts visited. The districts of Lacombe, Red Deer and Innisfail were in turn visited, and as in all others the grain was partially in stook, threshed and standing, but everywhere it was good, with a few exceptions where hail had unfortunately some time before visited strips of the country we passed through. An afternoon was spent visiting the Canadian Pacific Railway irrigation canal at Calgary, where most extensive work was being carried on, and which will in future prove of vast benefit to a very large section of country. After returning home, and spending two days, a start was made for Battleford. It gave me great pleasure to visit for the first time the ancient capital of the Terri- tories. North Battleford, which came into existence three months before, wfs all bustle, from the many land seekers making it their headquarters while looking iip home- steads, and from the" erection of the many new buildings. The crops from Regina north to and about Saskatoon were very fine, nearly all were in stook, with considerable threshing done at several of tho stations, especially about Dundurn and Saskatoon. Along the Canadian Northern Railway from the Junction to Battleford, the country is being newly settkd, but many towns have sprung up along the line, and in a year or two the whole country will no doubt be fully settled. EXCURSION TO THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM. The Department of Agriculture at Regina ran excursion trains from Fleming on the east and Caron on the west, and from Prince Albert in the north, a distance of REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY ' 399 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 over 400 miles, on July 19, when over 3,000 peopfe visited the Indian Head Farm. Classes in stock-judging, butter-making and domestic cooking were carried on during the day in large tents specially provided. In addition to the farm's staff of men and horses employed in conveying the large crowd over the f-arm, many of the town and country jyeople also kindly gave their as- sistance, and during the time between the arrival and departure of tho trains, the farm presented a very lively appearance. Every field and plot was visited by the largest and most agreeable company that has ever taken possession of the farm. On July 4 large numbers attending the Indian Head sports visited the farm; and on August 8 and 9, during the Central Assiniboia Exhibition held at Indian Head, great iiumbers drove and walked through the grounds. DISTErBHTION OF SAMPLES. During the months of March, April and May, the usual distribution of sam.ples of the products of the Farm was made to residents in Assiniboia, Alberta and Sas- katchewan. As there was an increase in the number of applications of over 30 per cent com- pared with those received in the winter of 1903-4, and the supply of samples was no greater than usual, a very large number were disappointed. The samples distributed were as follows : — Wheat 546 bags of 3 lbs. each. Oats 406 " 3 " Barley 197 " 3 " Pease 87 " 3 " Sundries (flax, rye, spelt) 25 '• 3 " Potatoes 618 " 3 " Tree seeds (maple and ash) 759 " 4 lb. each. Shrub seeds (Caragana) 810 packets. Grass seed, Brome 10 bags of 1 lb. eaclu G»ass seed, Western Rye 60 " 1 " Small seeds, 545 bags containing 8,175 packages of shrub, flower, root and garden seeds and corn. Eliubarb roots 88 packages. Fruit bushes 241 " Tree and shrub seedlings 668 " Express parcels, containing tree and shrub seedlings 130 parcels. CORRESPONDENCE. During the 12 months ending October 31, 1905, 7,820 letters, irrespective of reports on grain and other samples, were received, and 7,874 letters, not counting circulars of instruction sent with samples, were mailed from this office. 400 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905 METEOROLOGICAL. Month. Temperature, Maximum. Temperature.. Minimum. Eain fall. Snow- fall. Hours of Bright Sunshine. November 1904. Date. 2 30 4 27 21 26 31 2&3 13,19,20 25 28 3&5 Degrees 66 39 30 51 63 79 78 85 80 88 81 73 Date. 30 2C 9&24 4 12 10& J7 4 9 &23 22&24 29 11 & 23 19&27 Degrees —13 —38 -34 —43 —10 10 16 35 42 39 31 9 Days. Inches. Inches. 375 10- 2 5 4o 6 5 2-5 2- 114-4 December 66-8 January . . 1905. 97 9 February March 139 2 2 2 10 17 15 7 8 3 3 5 2 2 5 26 32 34 16 47 28 00 34 153 245 199 169 265 264 179 90 (•) April May 8 June July 1 4 August September October . . ?, 9 64 19-17 33-75 1,985 3 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant. AXGrS MACKAY, Superintendent. 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA. KEPOKT OF THOITAS A. SHARPE, SUPEEINTENDENT. Agassiz, B.C., November 30, 1905. To Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G., Director Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the work done on the Experimental Farm at Agassiz during the year 1905. The past year has in some respects been more or less unfavourable to fruits and to some classes of agricultural products. The first part of the year was vei-y mild and fine, with a very light snowfall in January and none in February, while the lowest tempera- ture recorded at this station in January was twelve degrees of frost on the 12th, and the lowest in February was twenty-four degrees on the 24th. March averaged colder than either of the two preceding months. There were several unusually cold periods, the coldest being nineteen degrees of frost on the 11th. Towards the end of the month, the weather became warmer and many of the fruit trees came out in bloom. During April the weather continued cool with frequent cold rains and several light frosts, which, occurring during the blossoming of the fruit trees or when the fruit was setting, caused a considerable loss in the strawberry, apple, cherry, plum and pear crops. The weather became warmer in May, but remained showery and in consequence the spray- ing of fruit trees for fungus diseases was not very effective, and plum rot w^s rather prevalent. In many instances the showers were followed by bright sunshine which favoured the development of fungus diseases in stone fruits and the cracking of the cherries. t After the middle of June the weather became dry and hot and the rainfall during July, August and the first half of September was very light. As much of the land on this farm is a loam more or less sandy or gravelly, underlaid with gravel it does not resist drought, and late crops such as mangels, turnips, &c., suffered. The heavy rains of the latter part of September and first half of October did some damage to late grain crops, which were not harvested, but on the whole the loss throughout the country has not teen heavy, and practically nothing was lost from this cause on the experimental farm. Some loss from the potato rot in low lands is reported, but up to the present time we have not suffered to any considerable extent from this disease. A severe frost on the nights of October 17 and 18 killed many tender plants and arrested the growth of man.scels and sugar beets, and is reported to have done injury to potatoes yet undug or insufficiently protected. Such a frost is very uniLSual so early in the season, this being the first time in many years that a killing frost has occurred before the second week in November. FRUIT CROPS. The frost during the early spring cut down the strawberry crop one-third, it also lessened the plum and cherry crops and later on the brown rot and the cracking of the cherries caused by rain lessened the crop of these fruits. Pears and apples are in manv places a light crop, but the bright clear summer and autumn favoured the de' 16—26 401 402 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 velopment of tlie fruit wliicli remained, so that the sample is above the average in quality. The hedges continue to be one of the attractions of the farm, and the addition of a few more would be appreciated, as giving a wider selection to those who are con- templating planting a hedge either for ornament or for the protection it would afford as a windbreak. OENAMENTAL TREES A^D SHRUBS. Almost all of the above description of trees and shrubs have done very well. The long continued dry north wind in February and March injured some of the ever- greens, but a season's growth has effaced the injury and restored their beauty. NUT TREES. This class of trees and shrubs have made a very satisfactory growth, and for the first time since they were planted the filberts have been fairly productive. The bluejays are very numerous and very destructive, beginning to pluck and carry off the filberts as soon as the nut has filled, and by the time the nut is ripened but few are ^eft on the bushes. The Japanese and Spanish chestnuts, and the Japanese walnuts again produced a fine crop. The English and black walnuts have each produced a few nuts. The shellbark hickory and butternut trees have also given a light crop, and the pecan treos blossomed, but have not yet fruited. The nuts and tree seeds distributed in previous years have given good satisfac- tion, many reports having been received from different parts of the country giving accounts of fine growth, accompanied by inquiries for more seed. As many as pos- sible of these applicants will be supplied from this year's crop. DITCHING. About 600 yards of ditch have been dug this year; part of this has been covered with split cedar and filled in, which makes a very satisfactory underdrain. NEW BREAKING. About three acres of new breaking has been done this year. LIVE STOCK CATTLE. All of the cattle now at this farm are registered Shorthorns, and the herd con- sists of 10 cows, 5 heifers and three heifer calves, one stud bull and six bull calves. Since my last report three bulls have been sold for breeding and one for beef, one barren cow for beef and two calves for veal. SHEEP. The sheep also are all pure bred, of the Dorset-horned breed, and the flock at present consists of 16 ewes and ewe lambs, and five males. Since my last report, one ewe and one ram died, two rams were sold for breeding and two ewes and four males sold to the butcher. PIGS, The pigs on hand are all pure bred Berkshires or Yorkshires. Quite a number of both breeds and of either sex have been sold throughout the province for breeders, and those unsuitable for this purpose have been fed and sold to the butcher. At REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. 8HARPE 403 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 present there are three sows and one boar of the Berkshire breed, and four sows and a boar of the Yorkshire; all thrifty, fine animals. HORSES. Since my last report, one of the old horses has died, and one young horse also died, from inflammation of the bowels. A fine young team was bought last spring and another this autumn; all these are horses averaging about fifteen hundred lbs., and are very serviceable animals. A useful mare was also bought, weighing about 1,200 lbs., for a general purpose animal. BEES. Two swarms of bees died last winter which left five swarms when spring opened. These were hived during May and early June and all of these are apparently strong and well furnished V;ith stores for the winter. MOUNTAIN ORCHAEDS. The mountain orchards have been injured a good deal by wild animals, and some of the fruit has been taken off by bears and racoons. All the orchards bore some fruit this year, and some of the finest specimens we had were from trees over 800 feet above the level of the valley. FOEEST ANT) NUT TEEES. The nut and forest timber trees planted in the forestry plantation continue to make satisfactory growth, and many of thos^e on the mountains while not growing so rapidly as in the cultivated lands in the valley, are making fair progress. POULTEY. The breeds kept this year on the farm were B. P. EDcks, BafE Orpingtons, piack Minorcas, White Wyandottes, Light Brahmas and S. C. Brown Leghorns. The Leghorns laid the largest number of eggs. The Black Minorcas came next in number, but their eggs being so much larger, the balance of weight of eggs was in their favour. Of the heavier breeds the White Wyandottes are the best layers, B. P. Eocks the next, Buif Orpingtons and Brahmas are about equal. As table fowls the White Wyandottes mature the earliest. B. P. Eocks and Buff Orpingtons are larger at maturity, whereas the Brahmas, although taking a little longer to mature than any of the others, attain a larger size than any of the other breeds which we have. One advantage which the Black Minorcas and Leghorns have over the heavier breeds in this wet climate is, that their feathers lie closer to their bodies and shed the rain better than some of the heavier fowls. The White Wyandottes of the heavier breeds come next in this respect. The hens are kept in their breeding pens — which have a yard attached to each — from January 1 to July 1. During the rest of the year they are at large. There has been no disease among tlie poultry this year, except a few cases of rheu- matism owing to the wet weather, but w'e are very much troubled by crows, hawks and skunks which carry off a good many chickens even when they are well grown. This year the chickens were hatched and reared by hens. The percentage hatched and raised has been about the same as was had by the use of an incubator and brooder in previous years. The advantage in the tise of an incubator and brooder is in early chickens and a large number of chickens raised at one time. The poultry were fed mixed grain — ^ wheat, J oats, | pease, and in the autumn, sunflower seeds. During the coldest weather in winter they get once a day boiled roots mashed and mixed with a little chop of any kind on hand, and a cabbage head or some vegetable always before them. 16— 26i 404 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The hen house is whitewashed several times during the summer. Xest-boxes and roosts are movable, so as to be easily cleaned. They are given clean chaff or straw once a week on a swept floor, then grain is thrown into this chaff or straw, and they have to scratch for it. EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS. The experimental plots of oats were on a loamy soil which had received a light dressing of manure on a clover sod in the autumn of 1903, and had been sown to roots in the summer of 1904. The land was in fine condition both as to fertility and tilth when the oats were sown, April 15. Forty varieties were sown in plots of one-fortieth of an acre each, and at the rate of two and a half bushels per acre. The seed ger- minated well and made an even stand, with promise of a heavy yield, until the rust appeared, in July. Some varieties suffered badly, others were but slightly injured, and in these latter cases the yield has been very fair. Golden Eleece, Siberian and Abundance, appeared to be the least affected of any, but the last two sorts were badly affected last year. All the' seed was treated with bluestone for the prevention of smut, and there was practically no smut in any of the plots. Oats — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Abundance 2 Golden Fleece 3:Siberian 4 i Improved American.. 5 Tartar King 6 'Kendal White 7 Goldfinder 8 Milford White 9 Sensation 10 Waverley 11 Black Beauty 12 Bavarian 13 Storm King 14|Joanette 15 Golden Tartarian . . . 16 Holstein Prolific 17 Meunonite 18 Lincoln 19, Thousand Dollar 20 Improved Ligowo 21 Danish Island 22 American Triumph.. 23 Swedish Select 24 Banner 25 Olive Black 26 Milford Black 27 Kendal Black 28 Early Golden Prolific 29 Wide Awake 30 White uiant 3l|Columbus 32 Pioneer 33 Irish Victor 34 1 American Beauty. .. 35 Buckbee's Illinois 36'Twentieth Century.. 37 Scotch Potato 38 Golden Giant 39! Golden Beauty 40, Swedish Probstey Aug. In. 110' 114 111 114 109 114 112 110 111 115 108 116 108! 109 116 111 110 111 114' 115, 115 111 111 114 109 109 110 no 114 112 115 108' 111 111 110 110 112 116 111 109 Character of Straw. Stiff. Medium . Strong. . . IMedium. Strong. . . 46 44 42 46 40 44 48 42 40 46 44 46 48 40 46 40 44 46 42 40 48 46 46 i Medium. 42 Strong.. 44 44 40 40 1 Medium. 44 I ,. . 40 Strong... 40 Medium. 40 Strong. . . 46 46 40 44 Medium. 40 Strong. 46 40 Medium . 48 StronE Kind of Head. Branching Sided. Branching Sided... . Branching Branching Sided, 9 iSided. 9 10 10 9 9 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 9 10 10 11 9 10 10 9 9 10 Branching Sided... Branching Lbs. 6,9G0 5,920 7,760 5,840 7,100 Yield per Acre. 5,360 80 6,480 77 5,680 74 4,560. 74 5,920! 74 5,520; 72 5,840! 70 6,560 69 5,8S0i 68 4,920, 67 5,360, 67 6,040 66 6,520 63 5,640 63 5,120 62 5,520' 62 0,120 62 5, 480 1 61 5,0401 00 5,120 60 6,640 60 5,040] 59 5,400, 59 5,840, 58 5,720 58 5,760 .58 5,540 57 6,440l 57 5,520! 56 5,440 49 5,640! 49 5,440[ 48 5,640 47 5,600! 45 5,840 43 10 32 26 22 6 22 24 14 4 20 14 8 32 12 26 18 8 32 22 12 4 28 18 8 32 2 26 16 6 22 2 16 14 4 28 2 30 18 Rusted. Slightly. Consid'ably. 1^ 34 32 35i 34' 36 33 32^ 351 34i Badly. 33 iConsid'ably. 37i .. 32^ M Badly. 33i;Consid'ably. 31 34 33 34 34 32 35 33 33.^ 31"" 34 34 34 32i 32 Slightly. 34 I ,- 33 Badly. 34^ Consid'ably. 33 Slightly. 32 Consid'ably. 32i „ ^ 32' i 32 32 ! II 32h Badly. 34i „ REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. 8EARPE 405 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTS WITH BAELEY. I«[ineteen varieties of six-rowed barley, and fifteen of two-rowed were tested this year. The land selected for the barley plots was a light loam which was in clover in 1903 ; this received a light dressing of stable manure in the autumn of that year, when the clover, with the added manure, was turned under. It was planted with potatoes in 1004, and was in very good condition for grain in 1905. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre each, and the grain was sown on April 15, at the rate of two bushels per acre. The barley is very bright, but owing to the very hot weather which prevailed when the grain was in the dough stage, and which hastened the ripening, it is not as plump as it was in 1901. There was no smut on any of this grain. Six-ROAVED Barley — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Nugent 2Argyle 3]Mensury 4 Brome 5; Albert 6;8tella 7iOderbruch 8 Blue Long Head... Yale Empire Rennie's Improved . Odessa Common IflMansfield 15,Chanipion 16, Claude 17 Royal IS Summit 19 Trooper Date of Ripening. July 29.. ,. 2G.. M 26.. M 27.. M 27.. „ 29.. „ 27.- ., 27.. „ 28.. ,. 29.. „ 24 , .. 24.. „ 27.. M 29.. .. 22.. .. 26.. .. 27.. [Aug. 1 . ! .. 1.. ^ g m e| o o M 6 a o :?: )-i In. 105 44 102 42 102 46 103 42 103 42 105 40 103 44 103 40 104 42 105 44 • 100 48 100 45 103 42 103 46 98 46 102 44 103 44 108 40 108 46 Character of Straw. Strong In. 3 3^ 3 3i 2" 3 3 2i 2i 3-4 2J 3 3 3 3 2h 3 3 3 Weight of Straw. Lbs. 6,800 6,800 6,400 6,960 6,600 8,000 5,520 6,400 6,400 6,440 5,520 5,400 5,600 6,000 7,000 5,400 5,440 5,440 5,120 Yield per Acre. 20 8 6 34 24 10 38 28 28 8 16 24 32 40 20 16 Lbs 50i 491 46i 50 51| 5X1 50i 42 50 50 53 50J 50 45 51i 51 51 49J Two-rowed Barley — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Newton Swedish Chevalier. Canadian Thorpe . . Beaver Invincible Standwell French Chevalier. 8 Clifford 9 Harvey 10 Sidney 11 Jarvis .. . 12[ Dunham .... . . . . 13 j Danish Chevalier.. . 14|Gordon 15 Logan sc &■ eS ti ^■^ m Date of OS o Ripening. ^ tc 6 s ^ i-:i Aug. 5 . 2. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. July 31. Aug. 1. 3. 5. 4. 5. 5 4. Character of Straw. In. Ill 40 108 40 109 42 110 39 110 40 111 40 111 40 106 48 107 46 109 3S 111 40 110 42 111 38 111 40 110 40 Very strong. Strong Medium In. Strong 3 Medium 4 Strong . . . Medium . Strong . . . 3 4 3 3 4 4i 4 3-4 3 4 4 4 Strong 3-1 Weight of Straw. Lbs. 168 153 151 167 160 148 158 156 148 136 138 146 140 123 118 Yield per Acre. 24 32 12 28 32 22 24 32 8 34 12 40 8 40 S23 Lbs, 50J 51i 51* 524 50^ 501 51^ 51 49i 51 49 50 50^ 51 48i 406 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1936 EXPERIMENTS WITH EALL WHEAT. Seven varieties of fall wheat were sown on October 15, 190-i. The land where these were sown is a sandy or gravelly loam, which had clover stubble turned under in the summer, after which the land was harrowed once a week, until the seed was sown. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre each, and the seed was sown at the rate of one and a half bushels per acre. Six of the varieties came through the winter and gave a fair yield, but the variety known as Choice Club was so completely winter killed that not half a dozen plants were left in the spring. There was no rust or smut on any of these plots. Fall Wheat — Test of Varieties. to ba a ^ ^* 2 % Date 'S «4-l Kind Weight < Name of Variety. of oS w^ 43 ji of of t -ti Sowing. o to a to Head. Straw. 2 -tb a ci a o ■3 c« (U .a a i~^ Q ^ rA O t-^ ? ?- In. In. Lbs. Lbs. Abundance Oct. 15. ,. 15. July 18. „ 19. 276 277 46 40 Stiff.. . . 3^ 4 Beardless . Bearded . . 4,800 5,700 33 20 32 40 65 Turkey Red 65 American Banner „ 15. „ 15. 273 46 3 Beardless. 5,000 32 20 6:3| Kharkov „ 15. „ 15. ., 18. „ 17. 276 275 44 44 21 Bearded . . Beardless . 4,800 4,480 32 .. G5h Dawson's Golden Chaff. . . 29 20 ! 63| Red Velvet Chaff M 15. „ 19. 277 44 4 II 5,210 27 20 64i Choice Club ,. 15. Winter killed. EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING WHEAT. Twenty-eight varieties of spring wheat were sown in plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. The previous crop was clover, which was cut in June of 1904 and the after- growth turned under in September and cut with the disc and harrowed to rot the sod. Sown April 18 at the rate of ninety pounds of seed per acre, the stand was uniform, the growth vigorous and the heads long, but a bad attack of midge nearly destroyed the crop. The spring wheat over most of the lower Eraser valley was so badly injured by this pest that many fields were not cut, but were harvested by pigs. Fortunately, spring wheat is not very much grown in that part of the province. There was no rust on any of these plots. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 407 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Spring Wheat — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. I'Hungarian White. . 2 1 Monarch 3 Herisson Bearded. . 4 Che.ster 5 Countess 6, White Russian . ... 7|Dawn 8, Stanley.. . . 9|Wellnian's Fife.... 10 Early Riga 11 Red Fern 12 Australian No. 9 . . . 13 Minnesota No. 163. 14iLaurel loiMeKendry's Fife. . . 16 Colorado 17j Advance ISJBishop IQWeldon 20!Red Fife 2llWhiteFife 22IClyde 23i Huron. . 24 Haynes' Blue Stem. Percy Power's Fife Pr ingle's Cham plain Preston Q S In. Ai ig. 14 . 14 118 118 40 47 , 12 116 48 , 1.5 119 44 , 14 118 46 , 15 119 48 , 14 118 46 , 16 120 46 - 16 120 48 ■ 10 114 38 , 15 119 40 , 15 119 48 , 24 128 48 , 14 118 46 . 16 120 40 . 12 116 49 . 14 118 46 . 14 118 46 , 21 125 48 > 16 120 46 , 16 120 42 , 18 122 50 , 12 116 46 . 16 120 49 , 12 116 46 . 18 122 46 . 17 121 50 5 109 48 '6 a Character ^W of Straw. c'o kJ In. Strong . . 3 • ^ . 2 3 3 4 4 . 3^ Weak . . 2| Medium . 3 Strong . . 4 II . 34 „ 3 ,, 4 ir . 3h „ 3 11 3 11 . ^ II . 3 Medium . 3 Strong . . 4 II 3 11 . 3i IT 3 11 4 ,, 4 ' 4 Kind of Head. Bearded . Beardless Bearded . Beardless Bearded Beardless Bearded . Beardless Bearded Beardless Bearded Weight of Straw. Lbs. 4,960 4,840 5,200 5,600 5,560 5,280 4,800 4.400 4,800 4,840 5,360 4,920 4,720 4,920 4,800 4,960 4,720 5,560 5,120 5,120 4,560 4,640 4,560 5,440 4,880 4,640 4,320 5,360 Yield per Acre. 16 .. 15 20 14 .. 13 20 12 50 12 40 12 20 11 20 11 10 11 .. 10 40 10 30 10 20 10 .. 50 40 30 20 10 50 30 20 10 20 50 40 20 -f M Lbs. 57 57 59^ 58 57 571 574 57 58i 60 60 554 58^ 56 58 57 56 56 56 57 58i 55 574 54 57 56 56 581 IIacaroxi Wheats. Four varieties were sown alongside of the spring wheats in plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. They were sown on April 18, seed being used in the proportion of one and a-half bushels i>er acre. The injury from the midge in these varieties appears to be as serious as it is to the ordinary milling wheats. There was no rust on any of these plots. Name of Variety. IS >> to c« a to a Character of Straw. fcO Kind of Head. Weight of Straw. Yield per Acre. '3 a ^ h^ >J ^ In. In. Tons Lbs. Lbs. Yellow Gharnovka Goose Aug. 5 II 12 ,1 14 M 16 119 116 118 120 42 48 47 48 Medium . . Strong — 3 3i 3i 3i Bearded . . 11 3 160 2 1,040 2 1,340 2 1,360 12 .. 11 .. 8 40 8 .. 60 57 Roumanian Mahmoudi 57A 57' 408 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908 EMMER AND SPELT. Two varieties of Emmer and two of Spelt were sown this year on April 18 in plots one-fortieth of an acre each. These were sown alongside of the spring wheats, but have not suffered very much from the midge. Many samples of these varieties have been dis- tributed throughout the provinces for test, especially in the interior, but they do not appear to gain popularity and are seldom asked for a second time. Name of Variety. be it ^ 3 o"§ 1^ O rt fcC Character of Straw. C 1-^ Kind of Head. Weight of Straw. Yield per Acre. White Spelt Aug. 14 „ 14 ,, 12 „ 14 118 118 116 118 In. 38 38 40 38 Strong . . . Weak .... Strong . . . In. 5 2 3i 3" Beardless. Bearded. . Beardless. Bearded. . Tons Lbs. 2 1,720 2 1,360 2 1,820 2 1,840 Lbs. 1,900 1,840 Red Spelt 1,510 1,480 FALL RYE. Four varieties of fall rye were sown on October 15 alongside of the fall wheats in plots of similar size and grown under like conditions. The variety known as Thou- sand Fold gave the heaviest crop. There was no ru.?t or smut on the grain in any of these plots. The seed was sown at the rate of ninety pounds per acre. Name of Variety. ti) .S "c 53 12; s 1-5 Character of Straw. C o Kind of Head. Weight of Straw. Field per Acre, n Thousand Fold .July 20 „ 20 M 22 „ 19 278 278 280 277 In. 60 70 66 GO Stiff In. f 6 6 Bearded . . Lbs. 7,600 8,800 8,200 7,200 47, 48 46 24 44 16 42 8 Lbs. 60 Mammoth White 581 mi 59 EXPERIMENTS WITH PEASE. Thirty varieties of pease were tested. They were sown on a gravelly loam on a clover sod which was ploughed in November of 1904 and repeatedly harrowed in March and April before sowing. The pease were sown on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each on April 18 in the proportion of two bushels of the small sorts and three bushels of the larger pease per acre. The straw of all the varieties was clean and bright. As will be seen by the following table the yields are fairly good in all cases, and the grain was plump and very fine. 1 REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SEARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Pease — Test of Varieties. 409 Name of ^'ariety. Parap^on English Grey German White Chancellor Early Britain Crown White Marrowfat Gregory Macoun Golden Vine Victoria Maclcay White Wonder Arthur Carleton Prince Black-eyed Marrowfat Mummy Agnes . Duke Archer Prince Albert Wisconsin Blue Pride Nelson Daniel O'Rourke Pieton Kent Prussian Blue Pearl Aug. Date of Ripen- ing. k^ Character of Growth. 14 4 8! 112 118 Strong. 108 1.0 119 111 119 114 112 115 Hi 115 10 114 116 114 114 111 lit) lie 111 118 123 113 115 Medium lll;.Stron 112i „ 12! 110, Medium 4! 108 Strong, 10 114 9 113 8! 112 10 114 Length of Straw. In. 60-64 54-58 50-52 48-52 50-52 50-54 42-48 50-52 54-60 58-60 50-54 56-60 60-64 48 50 65-70 36-42 50-54 48-52 56-60 54-58 48-52 46-50 50-56 56-60 48-50 52-58 50-54 50-52 44-48 72-76 03 Lbs. 6,640 6,720 5,560 5,840 5,720 5,840 5,560 6,160 6,640 e,400 5,760 5,840 6,480 5,360 6,720 5,640 5,280 6,360 6,440 5,960 5,840 6,080 5,680; 5,520: 6,120 6,720 5,840 5,240 5,840 5,280 In. Size of Pea. 3 Medium 3 I „ 2^: „ 3'| „ 3 I „ 21 Small . . 2h Large . . 2i Medium 2h Large . . 2i Small . 3 i Medium 24| „ 3 I „ 2 1 Large . . 2h Medium 2i Large . . 3 I „ 2|' Medium 2i' Large . 2i! „ .. 2^! Medium 2A;SmaU . . 2| Large . . Medium Small . . Medium 2i Large 2|j Medium 2| Large . . Yield 3 per Acre. ug > ^ 3 ^ Lbs. « ^ 50 65 50 01^ 48 40 65 48 40 64 47 20 63 40 04J 43 40 ^ C4 43 20 65 43 10 641 42 40 65 42 20 64i 42 10 65r 42 10 65- 41 30 644 41 20 65 41 10 Mh 41 65 40 40 63| 40 30 Qbh 39 20 Uh 39 20 62i 38 30 65i 36 20 65 36 10 64 35 40 64i 35 20 65 34 65 28 40 64 28 65^ 26 40 651 IXDIAX COEX. Twenty-one varieties of Indian corn were grown for ensilage, in rows three feet apart on a loamy soil. The cold wet spring retarded the growth. The dry hot weather in July and August with constant cultivation kept it growing fast, but the weights of crop are not equal to previous years, and ifi many cases the ears formed were very small and the grain quite immature. The yield has been calculated from the weight of crop grown on two rows each 66 feet long. The test of corn sown at different distances apart wiis reijeated this year. As in previous years, the crop was more matured and in better condition where the rows were •wide apart, allowing the sun and air to have their full beneficial effect. 410 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS Corn — Test of Varieties. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Name of Variety. Pride of the North Thoroughbred White Flint White Cap Yellow Dent . . Giant Prolific Ensilage Mammoth Cuban Compton's Early Early Butler Red Cob Ensilage Champion White Pearl Superior Fodder Longfellow North Dakota White .... Salzer's All Gold Northern Dent Early Mastodon King Philip Eureka Cloud's Early Yellow Selected Leaming Angel of Midnight Evergreen Sugar Character of Growth. Very strong, Strong. Aug. ISSept. 28 20 26 22 10 Aug. 16 14 8 20 12 18 24 18 20 18 14 12 16 18 20 Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept! Sept! O Early milk. < ° tc p H 29 In silk i22 Early milk. . 122 Ears formed Early milk. . Late milk. . . Early milk. . Late milk. . . Sept. Sept! 22 21 20 20 19 19 Ears formed] 19 20|Roasting ear 18 26 Early mUk. . 18 ..In silk 17 24 Early milk. . 16 26| ,, ..|l6 22 Roasting earil6 1,620 1,210 880 440 1,560 1,580 700 H 25 26 21 18 20 20 17 l,600jl9 940 720 960 In silk Early milk. . 1,860 1,880 1,000 780115 1,90015 160 1 13 1,060'15 840:15 86012 1^ 160 800 240 1,840 1,800 1,800 1,310 940 1,200 1,280 1,180 540 210 1,810 1,770 1,990 910 620 360 1,460 220 Corn Sown at Different Distances Apart. Name of Variety. Champion V/Lite Pearl. Longfellow Date of Sowing. Character of Growth. Selected Leaming. April 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 IS 18 18 Strong. 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 O .lis In. In. 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 21 28 35 42 Condition when cut. Early milk Late milk. Early milk Late milk, Early milk Late milk. Weight per acre grown in rows. Tons. Lbs. 28 21 19 17 21 17 17 14 18 14 13 10 380 1,560 67 410 618 837 343 1,1.^4 1,311 285 136 648 Weight per acre grown in hills. Tons. Lbs. 26 22 18 15 21 16 16 13 17 14 12 9 991 830 311 265 1,182 1,530 1,603 1,4.37 696 1,418 906 1,988 EXPERIMENTS AYITH FIELD EOOTS. The land for the root crop was in clover in 1903 and two heavy crops were cut that summer, and a heavy aftermath turned under in November. A dressing of stable manure was given during the fall and winter, and mixed oats and peas sown in the spring of 1904 along with about ten lbs. of clover seed. The oat crop was a fairly good one and there was a splendid catch of clover to which was added a light dressing of stable manure in the fall and the whole turned under in December, 1904. Early in March, 1905, the harrow and disc were started, and these were used alternately every week until the seed was sown. The first plots of sugar beets, carrots and mangels were sown on April 12, and the second series of plots two weeks later, April 26, and REPORT OF MR. TUOMAS A. SHARPE 411 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 both lots of all the varieties were pulled October 2Y and 30. The first plots of turnips were sown !May 15, and the second series on May 29, and both were pulled October 30. The cold wet weather of April and May prevented a free germination of the seed, and in every case the stand was uneven, and the plants did not begin to grow vigor- ously until well on in June. The lack of rain in the latter part of that month and during July and August prevented a large yield. The yields per acre in all cases have been calculated from the weights of roots obtained from two rows each sixty-six feet long. Turnips — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Magnum Bonnm 2 Caiter's Elephant 3 Hartley's Bronze 4 Hall's Westbury 5 Mammoth Clyde 6 Selected Purple Top. . . . 7 Imperial Swede 8 East Lothian 9' Jumbo 10 New Century 11 Kangaroo. 12 Skirvings' 13 Elephant's Master 14 Good Luck 15 Bangholm Selected 16 Perfection Swede 17 Sutton's Champion . . . 18 Halewood's Bronze Top. 19 Emperor Swede 20 Drummond Purple Top. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 20 1,184 20 656 19 808 18 1,752 18 1,488 18 1,356 18 36 17 1,112 17 716 17 584 16 736 16 76 16 76 15 1,812 I 15 1,680 15 1,548 15 492 14 1,430 14 512 12 228 Bush. Lbs. 686 677 646 629 024 622 600 585 578 576 546 534 534 530 528 525 508 490 475 404 24 36 48 12 48 36 36 12 36 24 36 36 £6 12 48 12 36 12 48 Tons. Lbs. 18 168 17 1,772 20 1,448 18 432 17 716 14 248 16 1,132 14 008 15 888 15 492 18 36 13 1,852 21 1,296 14 776 19 148 17 1,112 18 828 16 736 12 1,872 Bush. Lbs. 602 596 690 607 587 670 552 481 514 508 GOO 464 721 479 635 585 613 545 431 48 12 43 12 36 48 12 48 48 12 36 12 36 36 48 12 48 36 12 Maxgels — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. C4iaiit Sugar Mange , Prize ^lammotli Long Red Lion Yellow Intermediate Selected Yellow Globe Leviathan Long Red Gate Post Giant Yellow Globe Ideal Half Long Sugar White Giant Yellow Intermediate. . . . Yellow Intermediate Selected Mammoth Long Red.. . Half Long Sugar Ror.y Mammoth Long Red Mammoth Yellow Intermediate Triumph Yellow Globe Prize Winner Yellow Globe. . . . Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Tons. Lbs. 26 800 24 ISO 23 22 1,916 1,936 22 1.934 20 1,7]2 20 1,580 20 656 18 18 1,884 1,752 18 18 16 1,660 1,588 736 16 76 15 624 13 664 12 1,872 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lb.s. 880 803 798 765 765 695 676 077 631 629 627 626 545 5.34 510 444 431 35 36 36 12 20 36 24 12 28 36 36 24 24 12 1,976 1,448 808 372 1,316 G36 472 1,000 1,224 1,940 676 1,152 1,984 492 116 1,608 268 699 690 646 706 688 710 541 660 620 532 644 519 466 508 468 426 437 36 48 48 12 36 36 12 24 24 36 12 24 12 36 48 48 412 EXPEBIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Carrots — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. 1 Mammoth Whits Intermediate. 2 Improved Short White 3 Ontario Champion 4|Long Yellow Stump Rooted. . . . 5, New White Intermediate 6 Carter's Orange Giant ZjEarly Gem 8| White Belgian 9|Giant White Vosges 10;Half-long Chantenay ... lllKos Kirches Yield per Acre . 1st Plot. 1 1 Tons Lbs. 28 1,585 27 1,770 25 1,810 25 1,480 24 1,830 23 1,520 23 800 23 35 18 1,G20 17 1,300 13 1,885 Yield per Acre. 1st riot. Bush. Lbs. 950 45 929 30 863 30 858 .. 830 30 792 . . 781 .. 7G7 15 627 .. 588 20 4G4 45 Tons. Lbs. Yield per Acre . 2nd Plot. 26 26 22 25 23 20 21 21 17 16 13 1,130 1,790 1,045 160 365 1,745 1,395 390 485 1,660 565 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 885 30 896 30 750 45 836 .. 772 45 694 .. 723 15 706 10 574 45 561 . . 442 45 Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties. Name of Variety. Yield per Acre. 1st Plot. Royal Giant. Improved Imperial. . Red Top Sugar. .. . Vilmorin's Improved Wanzleben French Very Rich . . Danish Improved.. . . Danish Red Top.... Tons. Lbs. 22 17 16 15 13 13 12 9 848 76 492 928 136 24 216 Yield per Acre . 1st Plot. Bush. Lbs. 734 48 580 48 531 36 508 12 448 48 435 36 400 24 303 36 Yield per Acre . 2nd Plot. Tons. Lbs. 20 15 14 14 12 11 13 1,976 1,548 64 i 1,832 150 1,232 4 368 Yield per Acre. 2nd Plot. Bush. Lbs. 699 36 525 48 477 24 497 12 402 36 387 12 433 24 272 48 EXPEEIMENTS WITH POTATOES. Forty-four varieties of potatoes were tested this year. The soil w.as a sandy loam, whicli had a crop of vetches turned under in the spring of 1904, and was planted with corn ill the spring of 1904, receiving also a dressing of farm manure. The com was a fair crop, and as soon as it was cut in September the stubble was turned under and another light dressing of strawy manure spread over it and worked into the soil with the spading harrow. It was repeatedly harrowed with the spade and spike tooth harrows during March and April, and when the potatoes were planted on April 29 the weed seeds near the surface had been fairly well sprouted and destroyed. The potatoes were sprayed twice with bordeaux in July and the tops matured without appearance of blight, some varieties being quite green when they were dug Septem- ber 22. The season was too dry for such a light sandy soil, but the yields were fairly good and the quality of the tubers excellent. The yield has been calculated in each case from the weight of tubers dug from two rows each sixty-six feet long. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Potatoes — Test of Varieties. 413 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Name of Variety. Late Puritan Empire Stale Dooley American Giant American Wonder. . . Seedling No. 7 Daniel's Sensation . . . Drear's Standard Uncle Sam Dakota Red Carman No. 1 Vermont Gold Coin . . Sutton's Invincible . . Enormous Country Gentleman . . . Early St. George Rose No. 9 I. XL Irish Cobbler Reeve's Rose State of Maine Bovee Carman No. 3 . . Maule's Thoroughbred Sabean'a Elephant. . . . Pearce Penn Manor Morgan Seedling Early White Pnze .... Holborn Abundance.. . Delaware Money Maker Cambridge Russet. . . . Vick's Extra Early. . . Early Andes Rochester Rose Sutton's Supreme Burnaby Mammoth . . . Canadian Beauty ... Early Rose Swiss Snowfiake Everett Pingree Early Envoy Total Yield per Acre. Bush. Lbs. 699 36 673 12 655 36 646 40 629 12 624 48 611 36 607 12 580 48 578 36 567 36 663 12 561 .. 556 36 545 36 536 48 532 24 528 .. 523 36 523 36 523 36 519 12 514 48 484 .. 484 .. 475 12 466 24 466 24 462 .. 457 36 448 48 431 12 409 12 404 48 396 .. 391 36 387 12 374 .. 352 ., 330 .. 312 24 296 24 228 48 211 12 Yield per Acre of Sound. Bush. Lbs. 664 .. 640 .. 655 36 646 40 315 .. 624 48 611 36 607 12 555 48 578 36 537 36 533 12 536 .. 556 36 545 36 536 48 532 24 528 .. 523 36 523 36 500 .. 508 12 514 48 466 .. 484 .. 466 12 448 .. 446 .. 462 .. 435 .. 448 48 431 12 385 12 404 48 396 .. 391 36 387 12 359 .. 338 .. 330 ., 302 24 281 24 212 48 211 12 Yield per Acre of Rotten. Bush. Lbs. 35 36 33 12 None 314 12 None 25 None. 30 30 25 None. 23 36 11 None 18 None 9 18 24 20 24 None. . . . 22 36 None 24 None. None. 15 14 None. 10 15 16 None. Yield per Acre of Market- able. Bush. Lbs. 600 575 560 616 40 269 559 48 551 30 522 12 480 48 518 36 483 36 478 12 476 551 495 36 456 48 456 422 30 445 36 443 36 450 408 12 409 48 371 , , 427 406 V2 355 3.j6 393 321 374 48 349 12 344 324 297 333 36 331 284 268 207 265 211 24 178 171 12 36 Yield per Acre of Unm.arket- able. Bush. Lbs. 64 65 95 30 46 65 60 85 75 60 54 55 50 55 50 80 76 105 78 80 50 100 105 95 57 60 93 90 69 114 74 82 41 80 99 58 56 75 70 66 37 70 45 40 Form and Colour. 12 Long, white. Long, flat, white. Oblong, white. Long, red. Flat, white. Long, white. Round, white. Long, red. Round, white. Long, white. Oblong, white. Long, flat, white. Oblong, pink. Oblong, red. Long, flat, pink. Round, white. Long, rose. Long, pink. Long, rose. Round, white. Long, rose. Long, white. Long, red. Long, pink. Long, white. Round, white. Long, white. Long, flat, russet Round, ro.se. Long, rose. Oblong, rose. Obrng,flat, white Oblong, rose. M white. M red. II white. II pink and white. FODDER PLANTS. The following forage plants were sown May 1 in plots of one-fortieth of an acre each. As in previous years the millets are not very successful when compared with any of the mixtures of the common grains. Plots one to six were sown May 1 and cut September 28 and 29. Millets — Plot 1. — ^White rounde. — Stalks, 18 to 24 inches, not leafy; heads 2 to 2^ inches long. Yield when cut, 2 tons 1,430 lbs. per acre. Plot 2, Hungarian grass, stalks, 18 to 26 inches long, heads 2 to 4 inches, an even stand, but short. Weight when cut, 2 tons 960 lbs. per acre. 414 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906 Plot 3. — Italian, a thin poor stand, stalks, 22 to 28 inches long; heads, 4 to 5 inches long. Weight when cut, 2 tons 1,320 lbs. per acre. Plot 4. — Green Califoniian, stalks, 14 to 22 inches long, quite leafy; heads short and poor. Weight when cut, 1 ton 1,860 lbs. per acre. Plot 5. — Algerian, stalks, 22 to 28 inches long, quite leafy; heads 3 to 5 inches long; a very thin stand. Weight when cut, 1 ton 1,910 lbs. per acre. Plot 6. — Pearl, a poor stand; stalks, 26 to 36 inches long, not leafy; heads IJ to 2 inches long. Weight when cut, 1 ton 780 lbs. per acre. Plot 7. — Soja Beans, sown May 1 and cut September 29 ; drills 21 inches apart, an even stand, but not as leafy nor as well podded as in previous years; length of stalk, 24 inches and of pod 1 to 1:} inches, not well branched. Weight when cut, 4 tons 640 lbs. per acre. Plot 8. — Soja beans sown in drills 28 inches apart; sown May 1 and cut Sep- tember 29. Stalleriod. These unfavourable conditions prevented a full crop and many varieties failed to set fruit. The season later on was bright and warm and the quality of the fruit which did grow was very fine. The following short description of varieties includes a good many which fruited in 1904, but could not be described in the report for that year because they were not yet in season when the report was written: — Cardinal. — Fruit above medium size, conical. Stem long and slender, cavity deep and wide, with considerable russet. Calyx large, open. Basin deep and wide. Skin clear, bright yellow, handsomely striped and splashed with, bright red. Elesh white, juicy, tender, pleasant, mild sub-acid, or nearly sweet. Season early August. Miller's Bellefloiver. — Fruit above medium size, somewhat oblate, tapering a little to the eye. Stem short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small closed. Ba.sin narrow, shallow and corrugated. Skin dull yellow nearly covered with dull red and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, not juicy, sweet with a pleasa'nt flavour. Sea- son August. Thistlevmit. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical. Stem medium in length, slender, cavity wide and deep. Calyx small, open. Basin wide and shallow^ Skin golden yellow, streaked and splashed with red in two shades. Fle.sh whitish, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant agreeable flavour. Promising. Season 'August and early September. Banhs' Bed Grave nstein. — Yery similar to the common Gravenstein but with more colour. It closely resembles in every respect the Red Gravenstein of Germany. Season last of August and September. Malcolm Dunn. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical, somewhat [irregularly rib- bed. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small and oi)en. Basin deep and narrow, corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, with, a dull red blush on the sunny side. Flesh rather coarse, whitish, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season September. Vrai Drap d'Or. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, somewhat flattened. Stem short, cavity "narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin dull golden yellow, with a few brown specks. Flesh yellowish, juicy, crisp, pleasant, mildly acid. Season September and October. Nol}le Sovarie. — Fruit of medium size or below, roundish, somewhat ribbed. Stem of medium length, cavity wide and medium, deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and deep, corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, with, a small reddish blush on the sunny side. Flesh whitish, juicy, mildly sub-acid, a fine cooking apple. Season September. 16— 27i 420 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Rivers Early Peach. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem long and slender, cavity deep and wide. Calyx small, open. Basin shallow and narrow. Skin greenish yellow, with a dull red cheek. Flesh white, soft, tender, juicy, with a very pleasant flavour, mildly acid. Season September. Cohham. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity round, deep and narrow. Calyx small, partly open. Basin shallow and wide. Skin greenish yellow, with stripes and patches of red in two shades, and sprinkled with a few yellow dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately juicy, sweet, with a fine flavour. Season October and November. Coucliine. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem long, cavity moderately deep and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin small and flat. Skin yellowish green, splashed with dull red on the sunny side, and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh white, juicy, mild, pleasantly sub-acid. Season October and November. Be Prince. — Fruit medium to large, roundish oblong. Stem short and slender, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small and closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow, with a red cheek. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, crisp, mild, pleasantly acid, with a fine flavour. Season October and November. Home of Kent. — Fruit medium to large, roundish, cojiical. Stem long, cavity moderately deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and flat. Skin yellow, striped with red on the sunny side. Flesh whitish yellow, crisp, juicy and pleasantly sub-acid, a fine cooking apple. Season October and November. Farmer's Seedling. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, conical, ribbed. Stem short, cavity small aiid deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and moderately deep. Skin greenish yellow, with dots and splashes of dull red. Flesh white, firm, crisp, moderately juicy, mildly sub-acid, of good flavour, a good cooking apple. Season October and November, King of Pippins. — Fruit small to medium, conical. Stem of medium length, cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and of medium depth. Skin russet yellow with a reddish cheek. Flesh firm, moderately juicy, sprightly and acid. Season October and November. Cherry Pearmain. — Fruit medium to small, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin pale green- ish yellow, with a reddish cheek. Flesh yellowish white, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid. Season October and November. Lord Grosvenor. — Fruit above medium size, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow, corrugated. Skin yellow, mottled and splashed with spots of red. Flesh white, juicy, tender, sprightly acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season October and November. Histon Favourite. — Fruit below medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity deep and narrow. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin a bright, clear yellow, splashed and streaked on the sunny side with bright red. Flesh firm, juicy, white, mild and pleasantly acid. Season October and November, Surpri'Se. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, flat. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin yellow, with a bright red blush in the sun. Flesh whitish, moderately juicy, and mildly acid, sometimes stained with red. Not of much value. Season October and November. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPS 421 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Eeinette d'Autumn d'Wilkenhurg. — Fruit of medium size, globular. Stem sb.ort, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin greenish yellow, somewhat russeted and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, firm, pleasa^ntly sub-acid, with a rich flavour. Season October and November. Eeinette Etoilee. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity of medium depth, narrow. Calyx large, open. Basin shallow and wide. Skin yellow, nearly over- spread with red and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, mild and pleasantly sub-acid. Season October and November. Mdlle. Jeannie Hardy. — Fruit large, conical, handsome, very similar in tree and fruit to Alexa^nder. North Star. — Fruit above medium in size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and wide. ,Skin yellow with a dull red cheek. Flesh yellowish, crisp, fairly juicy, pleasantly sub-acid, a good cooking ap- ple. Season October and November. Oherdieh's Pearmain. — Fruit large, oblong, tapering from the middle to both stalk and eye. Stem short, stout, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large open. Basin nar- low land shallow. Skin greenish yellow with a few gray specks about the stem. Flesh coarse, breaking, mildly sub-acid and of a pleasant flavour. Season October and ?Sovember. Plate de Parson. — Fruit of medium size, roundish. Stem long, slender, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin greenish yellow, sprinkled sparsely with gray dots. Flesh white, juicy, firm, nearly sweet with a pleasant flavour. Season November. Nathusius Tauhenapfel. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin green- ish yellow with small patches of red on the sunny side. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, mild and pleasantly sub-acid. Season November. Moyenvre. — Fruit above medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, partly open. Basin deep, wide and ribbed. Skin yellow, nearly covered with dull red. Flesh whitish, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, with a fine flavour. Season November. Ostfriesischer Calvill. — Fruit of medium size, conical and prominently ribbed. Stem short, cavity deep, narrow and ribbed. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow, deep ond corrugated. Skin greenish yellow with a small blush on the sunny side. Flesh coarse-grained, not very juicy, mild and pleasantly sub-acid. Season November. Royal Pearmain. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, tapering to the eye. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and ribbed. Skin russet yellow with a red blush and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, mildly acid with an aromatic flavour. Season November and December. Bamhour Papeten. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, tapering to the eye. Stem of medium length, cavity small. Calyx large, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin yellow, splashed with red nearly over the whole surface. Flesh yellowish white, a little coarse, breaking, sprightly, pleasantly acid. Season November and December. Boyal d'Angleterre. — Fruit above medium in size, roundish, tapering a little to the eye. Stem short, cavity deep and narrow. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep, wide and corrugated. Skin russet yellow with a pinkish blush and sprinkled with golden dots. 422 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Flesh yellowish, crisp, rich, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a rich and pleasant aromatic flavour. Season November and December. Kinnaird's Choice. — Fruit of UTedium size, roundish. Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow and small. Skin yellow, nearly cov- ered with bright red. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, mild and pleasantly sub-acid, slightly aromatic. Skin very tender and inclined to scab. Season November and December. Winter Quarrenden. — Fruit of medium size, round, flat. Stem short, cavity wide and deep and russeted about the stem. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide, shallow, cor- rugated. Skin yellow, nearly covered with dark, dull red. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, mild and agreeably acid with a pleasant flavour. Season November to February. Borsos Alma. — Fruit below medium in size, globular, slightly conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin greenish yellow, with a few small patches of red. Flesh white, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season November and December. Baron Ward. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, open. Basin small and shallow. Skin yellow, mottled with pale red on the sunny side. Flesh yellowish, not juicy, mildly acid. Season November and December. White Spanish. — Fruit of medium size, slightly conical. Stem short, ca^^ity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Skin pale yellow, sprinkled with light dots. Flesh yellowish white, juicy, mildly acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season November to January. Reinette .Coulon. — Fruit medium to large, roundish, oblate, tapering slightly to the eye. Stem short, cavity deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin yellow with a red cheek and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish, crisp and sprightly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season November and December. Cowarne Queening. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small and open. Basin small. Skin yellow, nearly covered with dull red, and sprinkled with yellow dots. Flesh white, tender, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season November and December. Amelia. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity wide and deep. Calyx of medium size, closed. Basin shallow, narrow and corrugated. Skin yellow, splashed with bright red. Flesh white, firm, fine grained, juicy, mildly and pleasantly acid. Season November and December. Reinette Dure. — Fruit below medium size, oblate. Stem short, cavity deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin russet, with a dull red cheek. Flesh white, fine grained, juicy, of a mild pleasantly sub-acid character. Season November and December. Alfriston. — Fruit large, roundish, slightly ribbed, and tapering a little from base to eye. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx large» open. Basin wide, shallow and cor- rugated. Skin greenish yellow. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, juicy, sprightly, a good cooking apple. Season November and December. Clay gate Pear main. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical. Stem slender, cavity wide and shallow. Calyx small, partly open. Basin deep and wide. Skin russet yellow, with a reddish cheek. Flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, mild and pleasantly acid, with a good aromatic flavour. Season November to January. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 423 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 De Geai. — Fruit medium to small, roundish, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large, closed. Basin large. Skin greenish, with a few streaks of dull red and a whitish bloom. Flesh firm, white, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour, but too small. Season November and December. Boiiton d'Or. — Fruit small, roimd. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx large, open. Basin deep and wide. Skin golden yellow, with a small red cheek and a few white dots. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season Xovember and December. Ferdinand GaiUard. — Fruit below medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity deep. Calyx large, open. Basin deep and wide. Skin russet, golden yellow, with small dots f.nd patches of red on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, sprightly and pleasantly acid. Season November and December. Forest No. 1. — Fruit medium to large, globular, flattened. Stem short, cavity wide and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide deep and ribbed. Skin greenish yellow, with a small red cheek and a few white dots. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid. Season November to January. Josepliine Kreuter. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short, cavity shallow and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin greenish yellow, splashed and streaked with red and sprinkled with golden dots. Flesh yellowish, crisp, fine grained, juicy, sub-acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season November and December. Isherwood. — Fruit below medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin clear golden yellow, with a bright red cheek. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid, core large and open. Season November and December. Reinette doree de Versailles. — Fruit of medium size, roundish. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin russet colden, with many gray dots. Flesh white, fine grained, tender, juicy, sub-acid, with a rich aromatic flavour. Season November and December. Reinette Wadhurst. — Fruit above medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellow, splashed with red on the sunny side. Flesh yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy and acid. Season November and December. Forest. — Fruit small, roundish, flattened. Stem long, cavity deep and narrow. Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow. Skin yellow with a few gray dots and a dull red cheek. Flesh yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy and pleasantly sub-acid. Season Nov- ember and December. Royal Late. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, conical, slightly ribbed. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin dull yel- lowish green, with many whitish dots. Flesh whitish, firm, a little coarse, juicy, plea- santly sub-acid. Season November and December. Reinette Musque. — Fruit below medium size, flat, globular. Stem of medium length, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellowish green, with a red cheek and russet about the stem and calyx. Flesh white, juicy, fine grained, with a rich aromatic flavour, but withers and becomes leathery before the end of December. Season November and early in December. 424 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Eeinette de Foiirniere. — Fruit small, conical. Stem long, cavity deep and narrow. Calyx large, open. Basin flat and shallow. Skin russet, sprinkled with brown dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season November and Decem- ber. Mclndoe's Russet. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, angular, tapsring to the eye. Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large, opon. Basin wide and shallow. Skin dull russet green, with many brown dots. Flesh whitish, coarse^ not juicy, mildly acid, a cooking apple. Season November and December. Old Winter Nonpareil. — Fruit small, roundish. Stem short, cavity narrow, and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. .Skin russet bronze with a dull red cheek. Flesh crisp, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a rich aromatic flavour. Season November and December. Winter Pearmain. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity deep and narrow. Calyx of medium size and closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a deep reddish blush in the sun. Flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, moderately juicy with a fine aromatic flavour. Season November and December. President Gaudy. — Fruit of medium size, oblate and deeply ribbed. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep and deeply corrugated. Skin russet yellow with a dull red cheeE Flesh yellowish, juicy, of a pleasant mild sub- acid character with a fine flavour. Season November and December. Norfolk Bearer. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and ribbed. Skin pale yellow, splashed and mottled with red in the sun. Flesh whitish yellow, tender, juicy, pleasantly sub-acid, a good cooking apple. Season November and January. Pine Golden Pippin. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem long, slender, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin dull yellow with russet about the stem and a red cheek. Flesh yellowish, not juicy, mildly acid, of poor quality. Season December. Posson de France. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short, cavity nar- row and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a little red. Flesh white, crisp, moderately juicy, without much flavour. Season De- cember. Pryor's Red. — Fruit below medium size globular. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish-yellow nearly overspread with streaks and patches of dull red, and sprinkled with white dots. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasantly acid, with a rich, fine flavour. Season December and January. Peffer. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem long. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin yellow with a bright red cheek. Flesh white, tender, juicy and mildly acid. Season December and January. Eeinette Clochard. — Fruit of meidium size, oblate. Stem short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with a dull red cheek and many whitish dots. Flesh white, crisp, not very juicy and mildly sub-acid. Season December and January. Prince Anatol Gazarine. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem long. Cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, open. Basin smalL Skin yellow russet with a red cheek i REl'ORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 425 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 and many greenish russet dots, and russet about the steam. Flesh j-ellowish, firm, juicy, mildly acid with a fine pleasant flavour. Season December to January. Eeinette Luisante. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem slender and long. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin clear yellow with a blush on sunny side. Flesh firm, moderately juicy, moderately sub-acid, with a rich and pleasant flavour. Season December and January. Beinette a Chair Vert. — Fruit below medium, globular. Stem medium. Cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and flat. Skin clear, golden yellow, with a few whitish dots. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, with a rich spicy flavour, mildly sub-acid, withers and becomes leathery in January. Season December and January. Beinette de Fromm. — Fruit medium, large, conical. Stem short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, open. Basin deep and wide. Skin golden yellow with a few russet dots and a little russet about the stem. Flesh yellowish, medium juicy, mild, pleasant, sub-acid. Season December and January. Beinette de Mauss. — Fruit medium size, conical. Stem short. Cavity large. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a red cheek and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish juicy, mild, pleasant, acid, fine flavour. Sea- son December and January. Beinette doree de Deitz. — Frviit small, globular. Stem long. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin clear yellow with a red blush and many gray dots. Flesh yellowish, fine grained, crisp, juicy, aromatic, sub- acid, pleasant. Season December and January. Bayee d'Hiver. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem short. Cavity deep and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin small, corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, striped with bright red and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a fine flavour. Season December and January. Beinette de Saintonge. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short. Cavity small. Calyx small. Basin small, closed. Skin russet with many golden russet dots. Flesh white, juicy, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season December and January. Nausemond Beauty. — Fruit below medium size, conical. Stem of medium length. Cavity large. Calyx medium. Basin wide and deep. Skin clear yellow, nearly cov- ered with streaks and patches of bright red. Flesh white, fine grained, juicy, tender, mildly acid. Season December to March. Sharp's Beinette. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small. Basin closed, wide and shallow. Skin yellow, nearly covered with deep red and a few golden dots. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, firm with a rich aro- matic flavour, mildly sub-acid. Season December to March. Siueet Pipl-a. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem long. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide. Skin greenish yellow with a slight blush. Flesh white, not juicy, sweet. Season winter. Vicar of Beighton. — Fruit large, oblong, globular, ribbed. Stem short, stout, cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with a red cheek. Flesh yellowish white, moderately juicy, sprightly with a pleasant acidity, a good cooking apple. Season December and January. Fraise d'Hoffinger. — Fruit above medium size, globular. Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, open. Basin wide and deep. Skin yellow with dots 426 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 iiTid narrow streaks of bright red. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a pleasant flavour. Season December to March. Doucine. — Fruit large, oblate, irregularly ribbed. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow and ribbed. Skin greenish yellow with a small blush. Flesh white, juicy, mildly acid, a good cooking apple. Season December and winter. Le Lunow. — Fruit large, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx medium, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with a bright red cheek. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season December to February. De Hoffinger. — Fruit above medium size, oblate, flattened. Stem medium, cavity deep and narrow. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow, shallow and corrugated, skin yellow with a red cheek. Flesh yellowish white, a little coarse, not juicy, mildly acid. Season December to February. Borsdorf Krassol. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem long, cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow with many white dots. Flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, perfumed and of good flavour. Season winter. Admirable de Kew. — Fruit small, globular. Stem short, cavity deep, narrow. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin pale yellow with a few whitish dots. Flesh white, not juicy, of a sprightly acid character. Season winter. Ramhour de BrunswicJc. — Fruit above mediura size, roundish, slightly conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep, cor- rugated. Skin greenish yellow with splashes and stripes of bright red. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid. Season December and January. American Ramhour. — Fruit large, roundish, globular. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellow with a blush in the sun, and sprinkled with whitish dots. Flesh crisp, white, juicy, nearly sweet, with a fine, pleasant flavour. Season December and January. Reinette d'Etlin.— 'Fruit below mediiim size, oblate, conical. Stem long slender, cavity narrow, deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin russet. Flesh white, juicy, mild and pleasant, with a fine flavour. Season December and January. Reinette d'Adenaw. — Fruit of medium size, flat, round. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx large, closed. Basin small and corrugated. Skin handsome russet. Flesh white, not juicy or high flavoured. Withers early in January. Not desirable. Armorelle. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, open. Basin flat, narrow. Skin russet green and sprinkled with russet dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, with a rich, high flavour, mildly acid. Season January to llarch. Bedford. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow. Skin russet yellow with a dull red cheek. Flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season January to March. Beauty of Moray. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx medium. Basin deep and ribbed. Skin yellowish green with a slight blush on sunny side, and sprinkled with brown dots. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, mildly sub-acid. Season winter. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 427 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Figue. — Fruit small, oblong, tapering towards the stem, which is set flush, with a fleshy protuberance at side. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellow, sometimes with a faint blush. Flesh white, moderately juicy and pleasantly acid. This has very little merit. Season January to March. Fredcnch de Bade. — Fruit medium to large, irregular, sometimes deeply ribbed, globular. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx large, closed. Basin deep, wide and deeply ribbed. Skin pale yellow with stripes of red on sunny side. Flesh whitish, firm, juicy, nearly sweet, with a very i^leasant flavour. Season January to March. Grosse Franche. — Fruit below medium size, roundish, conical. Stem long, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin russet yellow with a dul'l red cheek. Flesh yellowish, firm, of a mild pleasantly sub-acid character. Season January and February. L'Ahondant. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow. Skin greenish yellotsr with many gray dots. Flesh green- ish white, juicy, with a fine flavour, nearly sweet. Season January and February. Keddleston Pippin. — Fruit small, roundish, conical. Stem long, slender, cavity large. Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and deep. Skin yellowish green. Flesh yellow- ish, moderately juicy, fine grained, mild and pleasantly sub-acid. Ssason January to March. William Anderson. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short, cavity small and deep. Calyx large, open. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with a considerable quantity of red on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a pleasant flavour. Season January and February. FrancJcjaer. — Fruit large, conical Stem long, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin yellowish with yellowish white dots and an orange blush on the sunny side. Flesh gTeenish white, crisp, moderately juicy, mild ■and pleasantly acid. Season January to March. Rawle's Janette. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity wide and shallow. Calyx small. Basin broad and flat. Skin pale yellow splashed and striped with bright red. Flesh whitish, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a pleasant flavour. Season January to March. FiOse de Bohemie. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx sm.all, closed. Basin shallow. Skin clear golden with a bright red cheek. Flesh yellowish white, moderately juicy, crisp, mildly acid with a very pleasant flavour. Sea- son Januarj' to March. Reinette Grise Parmenticr. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem long, with a fleshy knob alongside. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin bronze russet with many brown dots. Flesh greenish white, moderately juicy, pleasantly sub-acid. Season January and February. Striped Canada Reinette. — Fruit large, oblate, conical, ribbed. Stem short, cavity ■wide and deep. Calyx large, partly open. Basin wide and corrugated. Skin greenish yellow with a bright red cheek. Flesh yellowish, breaking, moderately juicy, mildly Bub-acid. Season January to March. French Reinette. — ^Fruit of medium size, globular, oblong. Stem short, davity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin golden russet with a red cheek and 428 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 many white dots. Flesh white, not juicy or high flavoured, becomes leathery early in winter, but does not decay. Of no special value. Season January to March. Beinette de Geer. — Fruit below medium size, oblate, compressed. Stem long, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow. Skin yellow with patches of russet. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Season January to March. Nez Plat. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a dull red cheek, and many small white dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season January to March. Bomanite. — Fruit medium to large, conical. Stem short, cavity deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin deep, narrow. Skin yellow with a red cheek. Flesh yellowish, fine, juicy, pleasantly acid, with a fine flavour. Season January to March. Du Vendue Levique. — Fruit below medium size, oblong, tapering a little to the eye. Stem medium, cavity deep and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a small reddish blush and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish, juicy, firm, crisp, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season January to March. De Lestre. — Fruit small, oblong, tapering to the eye. Stem short, cavity narrow. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, with a dull red cheek, and a few golden dots. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, pleasantly acid. Season January to April. Bonne de Mai. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem short, cavity round and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide. Skin greenish yellow with a handsome blush, and a few small white dots. Flesh white, moderately, juicy, very little flavour. Season May and June. Barbarie. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin pale yellow with a bright red cheek and a few whitish dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy and pleasantly acid. Season March to May. Green Skin. — Fruit very small, oblate. Stem long, cavity small and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin green with a faint blush in the sun. Flesh white, not juicy nor desirable. Season May to June. Grosse Locarde. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, somewhat irregular in form and ribbed. Stem long, cavity narrow and deep. Calys. small, closed. Basin small. Skin clear, glossy yellow with a blush on sunny side. Flesh whitish, juicy, a mild sub-acid with a pleasant flavour. Season February to May. In addition to the list of varieties discarded, which was given in last year's report, the following sorts have been removed : — Alexander. Longfield. Benoni. Malus Edulis. Black Annette. Mann. Black Apple of New Jersey. McEwen's Sweet. Black Oxford. Minkler. Blue Pearmain. Miron Grell. Blushed Calville. Missouri Pippin. BogdanofF. Nancy Jackson. Borovinka Koslov. Newton Pippin. REPORT OF MB. THOMAS A. SHARPE 429 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Boroviiika SoloviefF. Borsdorf. Borsdorf No. 19. British Columbia. Canada Red. Cantil Sinap. Cellini. Cliarlottenthaler. Charlemoff. Cinnamon. Cinnamon Pine. Cooper's Market. Cox's Orange Pippin. Cox's Pomona. Day. Delaware Winter. Devonshire Quarrenden. Diichess of Oldenburg. Early Harvest. Early Strawberry. Fall Pippin. Flat Voronesch. Flora Belle. Florence. Gano. Gideon's No. 9. Gideon's No. 10. Gill's Beauty. Gloria Mundi. Golden Nonpareil Green Crimean. Green Stripe. Gremuch. Grindstone. Haskell's Sweet. Headly. Hibernal. Himbeer. Hurlbut. Huntsman's Favourite. Indian. Iowa Blush. Jersey Sweet. Juneating Red. Karabovka. Kentish Codlin. KJnevskoe. Koursk Anis. Kruder. Lady. Lansingburgh. Lapough Koslov. Little Hat. Little Red Romanite. No. 457 (Budd). No. 469 (Budd). No. 9 Yoronesch. Orel (980). Ornement de Table. Ortley. Ostrakoff. Palouse. Paradise Sweet. Parson Sweet. Peasgood's Nonsuch. Peck's Pleasant. Pomme Grise. Porter. Price's Sweet. Pumpkin Sweet. Pyle's Red Winter. Putim. Queter. Red Queen (No. 316 Budd). Red Subluck. Red Winter Pearmain. Reinette Burckhardt. Reinette Golden. Renard's Seedling. Ribston Pippin. Repolovka. * Round Borsdorf. Ruby Gem. Salome. Scarlet Cranberry. Silken Leaf. Simbrisk (No. 3). Simbrisk (No. 10). Skrosnina. Stone Antdnovka. Summer Spice. Swaar. Swayzie Pomme Grise. Sweet Spitzenburg. Switzer. Vargulek (55 Vor). Voronesch (No. 9). Western Beauty. Whennery's Red. White Pigeon. White Winter Pearmain. William's Favourite. Willow Twig. Wolf River. Wyken Pippin. Yellow Bellflower. Yellow Transparent. Zototoreff. 430 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 PEAKS. Many of the older pear trees have been removed, and not many of the younger trees bore fruit this year. A few of last year's crop which matured too late in the season to be described have been included in this year's report. Lemonay. — Tree a strong grower, with healthy foliage. Fruit medium size, acute, pyriform. Stem long and fleshy at junction. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin handsome golden yellow. Flesh white, juicy, sweet, crisp. Season August. Beurre Romain. — Fruit below medium size, obtuse pear-shape. Stem short. Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin dull greenish yellow, with a few russet dots. Flesh yellowish, not juicy, astringent, poor in quality. Season August and September. German Bergamot. — ^Fruit small, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long. Calyx large, open. Basin shallow and wide. Skin yellowish russet, with many gray dots. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet and of pleasant flavour. Season August and September. Calvin. — Fruit small, roundish, pyriform. Stem very short. Calyx small, open. No basin. Skin greenish, with a russet bronze over nearly the whole surface. Flesh wliita, juicy, with a pleasant, aromatic vinous flavour. Season September. Eva Baltet. — Fruit large, obtuse, pyriform. Stem very short set with a fleshy knob at one side. Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin greenish yel- low, with a reddish cheek and many brown dots. Flesh yellowish, fine grained, juicy, sweet, but not high flavoured. Season October. Madam Hemming way. — Fruit of medium size, handsome, a regular pear-shape. Stem long, inserted by a lip. Calyx small, closed. Skin clean, handsome russet. Flesh white, juicy, tender, sweet with a very pleasant flavour. Season October. President Heron. — Fruit of medium size, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long, set in a small deep cavity. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and flat. Skin a handsome russet yellow. Flesh white, juicy, buttery sweet, melting with a fine flavour. Season October. Vice President Belahaye. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, pyriform. Skin russet yellow, with a few gray dots. Flesh whitish, juicy, sprightly, with a very pleasant aromatic flavour. Season October and November. Enfant Vantais. — Fruit medium to large, obovate, acute pyriform. Stem short and set at an angle. Calyx small, partly open. Skin yellow russet with a blush. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, sprighty with a flne aromatic flavour. Season November. Le Lectier. — Fruit small, oblate, pyriform. Stem long and slender. Calyx large, open. Basin nari'ow and shallow. Skin russet yellow with many brown 'dots. Flesh whitish, not juicy or tender, nearly sweet with a fairly pleasant flavour, not valuable. Season November. Henri de Bourhon. — Fruit of medium size, regularly formed. Stem long. C:ilyx moderately open. Skin greenish yellow with a reddish blush, and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, fine grained, sweet with a fine aromatic flavour. A little gritty at the core. Season November. Duchess de Berry. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, acute, pyriform. Stem long. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin greenish yellow, sprinkled with REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 431 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 gray dots. Flesh yellowish white, juicy, sweet, buttery very pleasant, a little granular at the core. Season November. Fondant e Thirriot. — Fruit large, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long, set in a cavity, fleshy at the junction. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and deep. Skin yellowish russet freely sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish, tender, juicy, mildly acid, vinous, aromatic. Season November. Ferdinand Gaillard. — Fruit of medium size, obtuse, pyi'iform. Stem short and inclined. Calyx small. Basin deep and narrow. Skin greenish yellow with a few russet dots. Flesh yellowish, white, tender, melting, fine grained, juicy, sweot. Sea- son November and December. Louise Bonne Saunier. — Fruit small, oblong, pyriform. Stem long, slender, set in a narrow cavity. Calyx open. Skin dull yellow. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, slightly vinous. Season November and December. Madame Bonnefond. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long, set inclined. Calyx large, closed. Basin medium, wide and deep. Skin russet yellow, freely sprinkled with brown specks. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, buttery, sweet, a little gritty at the core. A promising sort. Serson November. PLUMS. The plum crop with many varieties was fairly good this season, but the constant showers in the first half of the growing period favoured the development of fungus diseases, and at the same time prevented effective spraying, and as a consequence plum rot was very bad. Our distance from a market makes this a serious matter for us as many plums that would be excellent for use any time within thirty-six hours will not stand two or three days, and in consequence many fine plums have to be allowed to go to waste. The following new sorts fruited for the first time this year and several of them give promise of being valuable : — Catalogue. — Tree a strong grower and productive. Fruit below medium size, oval. Skin yellow. Flesh yellowish, firm, sweet, juicy, free stone, and stone small. Season second week in July. Jaune Tres Hative Baljond. — Tree a slender grower. Fruit medium or below in size, pear shape. Stem short. Skin yellow. Flesh yellow, juicy, tender, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season middle of July. Damas de Cone. — Fruit medium to large, roundish, depressed. Suture deep with one side enlarged. Stem short, set in a round basin. Suture terminates in a small basin. Skin yellow, mottled with dull red. Flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet with a pleasant flavour, adheres a little to the stone. Season last of July. Datte Verte. — Fruit medium to small, oval. Stem short. Skin deep purple with a bluish bloom. Flesh greenish, juicy, sweet with a rich flavour. Very fine for canning. Stone small and free. Eipe last of July. Precoce de Bertliold. — Fruit small, oval, pale yellow. Stem short. Suture shallow. Flesh yellowish, sweet, not juicy nor fine flavour. Stone small and free. Eipe last of July. Perdrigon Violet. — Fruit medium or below medium in size, roundish, oval. Stem short, cavity small. Skin reddish purple and sprinkled with golden brown dots and 432 EXPURIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 covered with a heavy bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicy, rich, sweet and of fine flavour. Stone small and free. Ripe middle of August. America. — Fruit medium or below in size, oblong, heart shaped, terminating in a point. Stem short, slender, cavity small. Skin clear yellowish red. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Stone large and a cling. Fruit drops badly when nearly ripe. Ripe early August to August 22. Golden Esperen. — ^Fruit of medium size, roundish oval. Stem short, cavity small. Suture very slight, one side enlarged. Skin golden yellow, mottled with light streaks of green and a few crimson dots, and covered with a white bloom. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sugary with a rich, high flavour. Stone small and almost free. Ripe middle of August. Quetsche Hative. — Fruit small, pointed, heart shaped, with a faint suture. Stem short. Skin deep purple with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Stone small and free. Ripe middle of August. Large Bed Sweet. — Fruit small, oval. Stem short, inserted in a small cavity. Skin reddish yellow. Flesh reddish, not juicy nor very sweet. Adheres to the stone which is large. Ripe middle of August. Merton's Egg. — Fruit small, oblong, oval. Stem short, set in a small cavity. Skin glossy yellow. Flesh yellowish, not juicy or sweet. Too small to be of value and lack- ing in quality. Ripe middle of August. Jumelles. — Fruit medium to large, roundish. Stem short. Suture well marked, terminating in a slight depression. Skin greenish, mottled with streaks of clear yellow. Flesh juicy, sweet, luscious, rich. Stone small, adheres to one edge. Ripe middle to last of August. Hungarian Musk Prune. — Fruit of medium size, oblong with a neck and tapering each way to each end. Stem short. Cavity very small. Suture shalloAv. Skin deep purple, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, sweet with a rich musky aromatic flavour. Stone small and free. Ripe last of August. Bnel's Favourite. — Fruit large, roundish, largest at the stem. Stem long. Suture trell defined. Skin light purple, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish green, firm, moderately juicy, with a rich fine flavour. Ripe last of August. Blue Prolific. — Fruit medium to small, roundish. Stem short. Cavity shallow. Suture indistinct. Skin very dark purple, covered with a bluish bloom. Flesh green- ish yellow, tender, sprightly, with a fine pleasant flavour. Stone small and a cling. Ripe last of August. Perdrigon Rouge. — Fruit of medium size, round. Stem long. Cavity small. Suture well marked, terminating in a depression. Skin deep red, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, not juicy, but of good flavour. Ripe last of August. Oullin's Golden Gage. — Fruit of medium size, roundish oblong. Stem of medium length. Cavity wide and deep. Suture shallow. Skin golden yellow, with a few crimson dots, and a white "bloom. Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, rich and sweet. Stone small and free. Ripe last of August. Grosse Surpasse. — Fruit small, round. Stem short. Cavity shallow. Skin clear yellow, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellow tender, sweet -with a pleasant flavour. Stone small and a cling. Ripe last of August REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 433 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Swan. — Fruit medium to large, oval. Suture distinct. Stem short. Cavity small. Skin clear yellow. Fletsh yellow, juicy, sweet, tender with a fine flavour. Stone small. Ripe August. Automne de Schamali. — Fruit medium to large, oval with a neck. Stem long. Suture wide and deep, one side enlarged. Skin reddish purple, with a light blue bloom. Flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet. Stone small and a cling. Ripe early Sep- tember. Imperiale de Milan. — ^Fruit. medium to large, oblong, globular. Stem of medium length. Cavity deep. Suture deep, wide. Skin deep purple, with a light blue bloom. Flesh yellow, sweet, juicy with a fine flavour. Stone cling and small. Ripe early Sep- tember. Goutte d'Or. — Previously described as Coe's Golden Drop, which it is. Reine Claude Violette. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, a little flattened. Stem long. Cavity narrow. Suture distinct. Skm purple with yellow dots, and a thick bluish bloom. Flesh greenish yellow, juicy, sweet with a rich, high flavour. Stone small and free. Ripe September. Smith's Prolific. — Fruit of medium size, globular. Stem short, cavity deep. Suture distinct and terminating in a depression. Skin yellowish with a purple red cheek and a thin white bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicy, sprightly. Stone medium and a cling. Ripe early in September. Bush Plum. — Fruit of medium size, roundish. Stem of medium length. Cavity deep. Suture distinct, and one side often enlarged.- Skin purple with a thick bloom. Flesh yellow, sweet, fine grained, tender, moderately juicy, with a fine flavour. Ripe early in September and subject to rot. Primate. — Fruit medium to large, round. Stem short. Cavity medium. Suture distinct, one side often enlarged. Skin reddish purple, with many golden dots, and a thin bluish bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicy, sprightly, sugary, with a fine flavour. Stone small. Ripe early in September. Peine .Claude de Woolston. — Fruit of medium size and roundish, with a distinct suture. Stem short. Cavity large for a small plum. Skin purple with a bluish bloom. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, sweet, sugary, tender, with a very good flavour. Stone small and free. Ripe early in September. Peine Claude de Chamhourcy. — Fruit small, roundish. Stem short. Cavity large and deep. Suture deep, extending two-thirds around the fruit. Skin yellow. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, rich and sweet with a high flavour. Stone small. Ripe early in September. TJngorische. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, tapering to each end. Stem of mediimi length. Cavity small. Suture deep. Skin dull purple with a bluish white bloom. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, rich, sweet, wath a pleasant flavour. Ripe early in Sep- tember. Precoce de Peidlingen Prune. — Fruit below medium size, oval. Stem short. Cavity small. Suture well defined and one side enlarged. Skin deep purple with a bluish bloom. Flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, juicy, with a rich flavour. Stone small, free. Ripe early in September. Peine Claude d'Eculhj. — Fruit large, roundish. Stem short. Cavity small. Suture deep and ending in a small depression, one side enlarged. Skin greenish yellow with 16—28 434 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 a thin white bloom. Skin thick and tough. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Kipe early in September. Quetsche d'AUemagne. — Fruit of medium size, long, oval, very full in the middle and tai)ering to each end, very much enlarged on one side. Stem long. Suture shallow. Skin dark purple with a bluish bloom. Flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, with a fine flavour. Ripe early in September. Boulouf. — Fruit large, round, oblong, oval. Stem of medium length. Cavity small. Suture wide and shallow. Skin reddish purple, with a bluish bloom. Flesh yellowish, sweet, juicy, tender, rich, with a fine flavour. Ripe early in September. Mirabelle Tardive. — Fruit small, roundish oval. Stem short. Skin pale yellow, with a few reddish dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately juicy, sweet. Stone small, cling. Ripe middle of September. Drap d'Or de I'Est. — Fruit small, round. Stem short. Cavity small. Suture very shallow. Skin yellow with a thin white bloom. Flesh yellowish, rather tough, not juicy, sweet, of no special value. Ripe in September. CHERRIES. The very mild weather in February and early March brought the cherry trees for- ward, and the blossoming was earlier than usual. This was a disadvantage because of the cold, wet weather which set in about the middle of March and continued for a long time. The earliest sweet cherries began to ripen the last of May, and during that month and the first part of June repeated showers caused the ripening cherries to split, which made a serious loss, and the brown rot was prevalent owing to the showery weather which favoured the development of fungus diseases and prevented eifective spraying. Guigne de Louvain. — Fruit medium to large, obtuse, heart shape. Stem long. Skin bright yellow, splashed freely with bright red. Flesh juicy, very sweet, juice and flesh yellowish, tender, of very fine quality. Ripe June 4. Ludwig's Bigarreau. — Fruit large, heart shaped, with a well marked suture. Skin bright red, juice red, sweet. Flesh pale yellow, tender, juicy, good. Ripe early in June. Suda Hardy. — Fruit medium to large, roimd. Stem long. Cavity deep, round. Skin dark glossy red. Flesh tendei*, juicy, reddish. Juice reddish, pleasantly acid, of good quality. Ripe early in July. Bed Boch. — Fruit large for a morello, and round. Stem long, set in a depression. Skin clear, glossy red. Flesh reddish yellow, with reddish juice a mild, pleasant acid, refreshing. Season late in July. PEACHES. There are only a few varieties of peaches left on the farm, two named sorts on the level land and several on the bench. The trees on the bench continue to bear a. few peaches each year, which proves that in sheltered elevations they can be gro^vn. On the level the Teton de Venus has made a vigorous growth and fruited sparingly, but tlie fruit is too late to ripen in tliis climate. REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. 8EARPE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 435 APEICOTS. The few apricot trees living bloomed early in March, but set no fruit and might as well be diTg out as they bloom too early to succeed in the cool, rainy weather which almost always occurs at the time they are in bloom. MEDLARS. fruit. As these trees do not bloom until well on in May, they never fail to set a crop of MULBERRIES. All the mulberry trees bore a good crop of fruit again this year. SMALL FRUITS. As the last half of the season was dry and hot, all of the small fruits ripened early, but they were not so large or so productive as in previous years. There are under test 75 varieties of red and yellow raspberries, and after having been tested for several years under similar conditions, the following varieties have proved the best in thrift, quality and productiveness. They are given in the order of ripening. Red and Yellow Raspberries. Name. Date of Ripen- ing. Growth of Plant. Phoenix jjune 20 Vigcrous Pauline n 24 New Fastolf Northumberland Basket. Duke of Brabant. All Summer Fill Lord Beaconsfield . London Sarah Cuthbert R. B. Whyte French Vice-President Golden Queen. Large Yellow . Size of Fruit. Large Very large . Large Large medium Quality. Firm, good quality It contin uep long in bearing. Firm, good quality II contin ues long in bearing. Firm, good quality II contin' ues long in bearing. . . [Firm, good quality II . . [Firm, sweet, very good qi a- lity, the best flavored I berry we have. Large Firm, good quality Large mediumj m Very large — j n contin ] ues long in bearing. Large Firm, good quality Productive- ness. Productive. Besides the above we have the following varieties, all of which are lacking in some quality which is desirable : — Battler's Giant, Paragon, Charles, Hornet, Carter's Prolific, Belle de Fontenay, Baumforth's Seedling, Muskingum, Turner, Franconia, Hudson River Antwerp, Thompson, White Antwerp, Columbia, Arnold's Hybrid, Red Herrenhauser, Sugar of Metz, Carleton, Empire, Sharpe, Muriel, Craig, Autumn Surprise, Knevit's 'Giant, La Mercier, Guinea, Garnet, Mary, Percy, Fastolf, Marlboro, Clarke, Heebner, Norwich "Wonder, King, Chili, Garfield, Shaffer's Colossal, Queen Victoria, Sir John, Cariboo 16— 28i 436 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Wild, Col. "Wilder, Brinkle's Orange, Goliath, Lizzie, Millar, Minnie, Beehive, Spine- less Yellow, Yellow. Antwerp, Malta, Barnet, Lady Anne, Nonpareil, Billard's Per- petual, Prince of Wales, Champion, Crimson Beauty and Hansel. Black Cap Raspberries. Black Caps require very rich, well drained ground. They also require consider- able moisture as well as sunshine when the berries are growing and ripening to ensure a good crop. There are under test here nineteen varieties of Black Caps. The following have been found to be the best, given in the order of rii)ening : — Name. Nemaha Palmer Older Kansas Mammoth Cluster. Gregg Progress Ada Conrath Hopkins Date of Ripen- ing. Growth of Plant. July 4 Vigorous 6l 6 6 6 Size of Fruit. Large Large medium Large . . Medium Quality. Productive- ness. Good quality 'Productive Besides the above we have the following varieties : — Carman, Smith's Prolific, Cromwell, Lovett, American Yellow Cap, Jackson's May King, Progress, Early Ohio and Oregon Late. Blackberries. The blackberries were a good crop this year. There were 27 varieties under test. The following are the best, and are given in the order of ripening : — Name. Date of Ripening. Early King Snyder Hansel Stones Hardy Eldorado Agawam Taylor Erie Early Cluster. . .. Maxwell Ohmer Taylor's Prolific. . . . Lawton Oregon Everbearing Growth of Plant. July 14 Vigorous — „ 18 „ 18 „ 18 n 18 M 18 n 18 .. 19 M 19 n 19 n 20 ., 20.. .. „ 22 Aug.l to Oct. 1 Size of Fruit. Quality. Productive- ness. Large Large medium Large Very large .... Large medium Large Medium . . Good quality Very good- quality . Good quality Fairly good, very good qualitj-. Productive. REPORT OF MR. TEOMAH A. SHARPE 437 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Besides the above we have the following: Wilson's Early, Tecumseh, Kittatinry, Wilson Jr., Early Harvest, Crystal White, Gainor, Thompson's Mammoth, Lovett's Best, Child's Tree Blackberry, Dallas and Brunton. Red and White Currants. There are 41 varieties under test. Of these the following have proved the best: — Name. La Fertile Raby Castle White Grape London Red La Conde Red Cherry Prince Albert Eyatt's New La Turinese White Cherrv Gondoin Red Large White Branden- burg. Victoria White Pearl Date of Ril^ening. July Growth of Plant. Vigorous Size of fruit. Large medium Medium Large medium 11 Medium Large medium Medium (r Large medinm Medium Quality. Good quality. Productive- ness. Productive. Besides the above the following varieties have been tried but found less valuable: White Transparent, White Gondoin, Eed Dutch, Knights Early Eed, North Star, New Bed Dutch, White Dutch, Fay's Prolific, Moore's Ruby, Versailles, No. 51 (L.S.) Langstraubige, White Esperen, Rankin's Red, Large White Frauendorfer, Verriers White, Chenonceau, De la Eochepoze, Ringens, Beauty of St. Giles, Champaigner, English Red, Rouge Admirable, Large Red, White Kaiser, White Imperial. Black Currants. There are 44 varieties of black currants under trial here, the following have been found to be the best : — Name. Date of Ripen- ing. Dominion Middlesex Merveille de la Gironde Boskoop Giant Prince of Wales London Black Naples Lee's Prolific Pearce Victoria Climax July 5. 5, Growth of Plant. Vigorous.. . Size of Fruit. Large medium Very large Large Medium Large Large medium Medium Large Medium . . . . Quality. Mild, good quality. Slightly acid, good quality, Sweet, very good quality . . II good quality Mild, good quality. . Sweet, good quality. Mild, good quality . . Productive- ness. Productive. 438 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Besides the above the following have been tried, but they are not so desirable: Lennox, Bang-np, Gewohnliche, Eclipse, Sterling, Kerry, Perry, Ruler, Madoc, Kentish Hero, Ambrafarbige, Charmer, Beaudry, Ontario, Eagle, Lanark, Baldv/in, Wood, Louise, Stuart, Kentville, Success, Star, Champion, Ethel, Parker, Monarch, Bella, Norton, Oxford Climax, Orton, Henry. METEOROLOGICAL RECORD. Date of Highest Temperature. Tempera- ture. Date of Lowest Temperature. Tempera- ture. Eainfall. Snowfall. Sunshine. 1904. December 2, 25. . , , . . 1905. January 3, 23 February 12 March 30, 31 April 23 46 49 47 56 83 84 86 94 83 68 62 62 December 16 .January 12 , Feb. 2, 15, 17,22,24 March 11 April 21. . 12 20 24 13 30 34 37 50 40 36 24 20 Inc 9- 5 4 5 4 8 3 2 2 8 8 1 lies. 02 46 28 60 86 46 20 40 80 40 42 91 Inches. 3 3 0 1 Hours. Minutes. 13 30 64 54 120 24 92 139 18 May 12 May 20 145 48 June 12 June 13 171 24 July 19 July 14, 15 August 28 Sej jtember 9 October 19 November 28 Total 236 36 August 10, 20 Sept. 2, 9 164 94 30 October 13 ... November 14 .... ^.. 106 18 73 6 64 81 13 1,421 54 I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, THOS. A. SHARPS. 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL. PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 STATEMEI^T OF EXPENDITURE ON THE DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL EARMS, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1905. Central Experimental Farm. Live stock $ G25 84 Feed for stock $ 3,532 43 Supplies from experimental i)lots 90 75 Grain screenings from grain distribution. 292 79 $ 3,915 97 Less — Supplies to poultry department 853 11 3,062 86 Veterinary services and drugs 74 56 Seed, grain, trees, &c 424 01 Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 864 89 Drainage and drain tiles 393 71 Manure and fertilizers for experimental plots and horticultural depart- ment 455 54 Travelling expenses 1,821 90 Exhibition expenses 818 74 Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repair? , 400 11 Bee department 161 69 Wages : farm work, including salaries of officers in charge 4,879 06 Wages: care of stock, including salary of herdsman 3,707 02 Horticultural division, including salaries of officers in charge, also forestry $33.85 5,542 89 Poultry division, also salaries of officers in charge $ 3,085 11 Value of grain, &c., supplied by farm S53 11 Cereal division, including salaries of officers in charge $ 4,156 95 Less — Value of material supplied for feed 90 75 " potatoes supplied for seed distribution 819 75 3,938 22 910 50 3,246 45 Care of hedges, avenues, ornamental trees and grounds 1,355 97 Office assistance, including English and French correspondence and mes- senger service 4,977 51 Printing of office supplies and stationery 623 07 Arboretum 1,400 06 Distribution of trees and tree seeds. . . ^ 106 94 Seed testing and care of green-houses 1,347 32 Dairy branch, including salary of dairyman. . . 903 30 Contingencies, including $200 for advertising 324 31 Telegrams and telephones 105 50 Steers, purchased for feeding experiments 2,146 53 Books and newspapers 130 79 $ 43,838 69 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers, purchased for feed- ing experiments $ 3,845 33 Value of grain supplied grain distribution.. . 232 73 -~ 4,078 06 $ 39,760 63 439 4^ EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Experimental Farm, Nappan, K.S. — Expenditure,, 1904-05. Live stock $ T 15 Feed for stock 1,953 88 Veterinary services and drugs 31 95 Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c 54 21 Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 355 51 Manure and fertilizers 6 40 Travelling expenses 257 22 Exhibition expenses 219 61 Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs 279 33 Salary of Superintendent 1,550 00 Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops. . . . 2,249 08 Wages, care of stock 1,569 80 Poultry briinch 90 00 Horticultural division, including experimental work with vegetables, fruits, forest and ornamental trees and flowers; also care of grounds and salary of officer in charge 1,622 73 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c . . 91 54 Contingencies, including postage, $134; mail delivery, $90; repairs to dykes, $215 458 50 Printing and stationery 12 73 Books and newspapers 25 33 Telegrams and telephones 22 62 Steers purchased for feeding experiments 644 00 $ 11,502 19 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experiments. .. . 1,700 98 $ 9,801 21 Experimental Earm, Brandon, Man. — Expenditure 1904-05. Live stock ^ Feed for stock Veterinary services and drugs Seed grain, trees, seeds, &c Implements, tools, hardware and supplies Travelling expenses Exhibition expenses Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs Bee department Salary of Superintendent Wages, farm work, including experimental work, with farm crops, &c. . Wages, care of stock Horticultural branch, including experiments with vegetables, fruits and flowers; also care of Arboretum and grounds Forestry branch, including care of hedges Poultry branch Office help, including delivery of mail, $141 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c Distribution of trees and tree seeds Contingencies, including postage, $259.50 Printing and stationery Books and newspapers Telegrams and telephones » Drainage and drain tiles 574 13 76 05 60 45 62 54 290 65 193 04 275 20 200 10 12 85 1,550 00 2,839 90 1,167 32 916 44 565 75 95 05 784 65 196 65 281 25 282 90 48 36 21 00 31 78 30 50 I EXPENDITURE 441 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Manure and fertilizers . . . .$ 162 75 Steers purchased for feeding experiments 380 57 $ 11,099 88 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding ex- periments 607 36 $ 10,492 52 ExPERniENTAI. Yxmi, IXDIAX HeAD, SaSK.— EXPENDITURE, 1904-05. Live stock $ 451 75 Feed for stock 39 04 Veterinary services and drugs 37 55 Seed grain, seeds, trees, &e 71 82 Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 427 45 Travelling expenses 168 93 Exhibition expenses 9 75 Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs 89 80 Salary of superintendent 1,550 00 Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops 3,645 38 Wag-es, care of stock 744 92 Horticultural branch 441 91 Poultry branch 98 67 Forestry branch, including hedges 276 52 Office help, including delivery of mail, $110 733 50 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c 204 79 Distribution of trees and tree seed 173 52 Contingencies, including postage, $589.65 648 90 Printing and stationery 60 88 Telegrams and telephones 21 15 Books and newspapers 9 50 Steers purchased for feeding experiments 260 15 $ 10,165 88 Less — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experi- ments $ 455 04 Value of grain st;pp'ied for grain distribution at Ot- tawa 1,579 05 2,03 i 09 ExpERniEXTAL Farm, Agassiz, B.C. — Expenditure, 1904-05. Live stock Feed for stock Veterinary services and drugs Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c , Implements, tools, hardware and supplies , Manure and fertilizers , Travelling expenses , Exhibition expenses ^ Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs , Salary of superintendent 1,550 00 $ 8,131 79 $ 9 35 46 50 18 55 185 43 570 50 218 36 185 00 293 00 114 70 442 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops, vege- tables, fruit trees, vines, &c $ 3,073 71 Wages, care of stock 518 40 Poultry branch GO 85 Forestry branch, including care of hedges 256 05 Office help 120 00 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c G6 63 Clearing land 412 30 Contingencies, including postage, $185.52 210 80 Printing and stationery 9 96 Books and newspapers 20 00 Drainage and drain tiles 332 80 Telegrams and telephones 1 75 $ 8,283 64 SUMMAFtY OF EXPEXDITURE, 1904-05, Central Experimental Parm $ 39,760 63 Nappan Experimental Farm 9,801 21 Brandon Experimental Farm 10.492 52 Indian Head Experimental Farm 8,131 79 Agassiz Experimental Farm 8,283 64 General Expenditure.^ Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, Szc, from Central Experi- mental Farm $ 5,633 15 Value of grain for Indian Head $1,569 51 " potatoes from Experimental Division, C.E.F. 819 75 " grain from C.E-F 232 73 $2,621 99 Less — Value of screenings charged feed for stock, C.E.F 292 79 2,329 20 7,962 35 Entomological and Botanical Division, including salaries of officers in charge 4,265 38 Chemical Division, including salaries of officers in charge 4,952 48 Salaries general, including — Director, accountant, director's secretary and assistant accountant.. 6 3'0 Ot 100,000 00 Printing bulletins and distribution of bulletins and reports. . 7,000 00 Le.?s — Special sum in estimates for this item 7,000 00 100,0000 00 * These items are put under ' General Expenditure ' for the reason that they are incurred for general purposes. SUMMARY OF STOCK 443 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Summary of Stock, ITacihixery, Implements, ^c., on Hand Decejiber 1, 1905. central experimental farm, ottawa, ont. 19 Horses $ 3^930 00 21 Ayrshire cattle 2,870 00 12 Guernsey cattle 2,175 00 15 Durliam cattle (Shorthorns) 4,-300 00 10 Canadian cattle 1,400 00 19 Grade cattle 865 qO 63 Yorkshire swine 1,250 00 21 Berkshire swine 460 00 31 Tamworth swine 455 00 31 Shropshire sheep 800 00 16 Leicester sheep 405 00 Earm machinery and implements 3,142 25 Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 1,018 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 1,143 10 Harness 597 85 Dairy department, machinery, &c 508 50 Horticultural and forestry departments, implements, tools, &c 871 35 Botanical department, implements, tools, &c 5 00 Poultry department, 396 fowls ' G22 00 Poultry department, implements, furnishings, &c 193 35 Bees and apiarian supplies 449 SI Chemical department, apparatus and chemicals 2,200 96 Books and several departments 707 86 Greenhouse plants, supplies, &c 2,320 00 Furniture at Director's house 1,000 00 Office furniture and stationery 1,676 25 Experimental flour mill and electric motor 465 00 $35,834 28 Experimental Farm, Nappan, X.S. 8 Horses $ l,0S5 00 5 Guernsey cattle 425 00 7 Holstein cattle 300 00 8 Ayrshire cattle 475 oo 45 Grade cattle 922 oO 4 Yorkshire swine 95 00 2 Berkshire swine 45 00 43 Grade swine 265 00 22 Sheep 270 00 61 Fowls. 61 00 Bees and apiarian supplies 27 30 Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 355 75 Farm machinery 7OI 00 Farm implements 292 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 380 50 harness 250 00 Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials I59 50 Furniture supplies and books for office 228 11 $ 6,327 16 444 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Experimental Earm, Brandon, Man. 13 Horses $ 1,525 00 5 Ayrshire cattle 290 00 7 Durham cattle 600 00 3 Guernsey cattle 175 00 8 Grade cattle 280 00 1 Tamworth pig 15 00 3 Berkshire pigs 30 00 9 Yorkshire swine. • 70 00 10 Grade swine 40 00 120 Eowls 129 00 Bees and apiarian supplies 142 45 Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 540 OO Earm machinery 2,125 33 Farm implements 738 00 Hand tools, hardware and sundries 641 55 Harness 219 25 Eurniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting ojQficials 161 55 Eurniture supplies and books for office 436 70 Experimental Earm, Indian Head, N.W.T. 13 Horses 26 Durham cattle 28 Grade cattle 23 Berkshire swine 9 Tamworth swine 11 Yorkshire White swine 83 Eowls Bees and apiarian supplies Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs Earm machinery Earm implements Hand tools, hardware and sundries Harness Eurniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials. Eurniture supplies and books for office $ 8,158 83 1,950 00 1,730 00 935 00 170 00 75 00 105 00 83 00 41 75 536 00 2,237 00 699 00 397 50 182 50 217 00 512 GQ $ 9,871 41 SUMMARY OF STOCK 445 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C. 9 Horses 25 Durham cattle 19 Dorset horned sheep 2 Berkshire swine 4 Yorkshire White swine 36 Fowls Bees and apiarian supplies Vehicles, including farm wagons Farm machinery Farm implements Hand tools, hardware and sundries Harness Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials Furniture supplies and books for office THOS. M. CEAMP, Accountant. .$ 1,180 00 1,665 00 207 00 85 00 155 00 36 00 5 45 180 00 620 75 95 50 133 30 94 25 141 75 284 92 $ 4,883 92 5-6 EDWARD VII, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 IMI3EX 5-6 EDWARD VII SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906 INDEX Page. Agriculturist — ^Report of the 47 Beef production 62-70 " influence of age on cost. 63 Baby beef 65 Corn, varieties grown for ensilage.. .. 75 Crops on 200-acre farm 75 Dairy herds, the 51 Monthly statements 53 Financial and general statements 54-55 Daily dairy herd records 57 Feeding dairy cattle 56 Feeding, summer 52 Feeding, winter 51 Feeding, cost of 52 Feed, amount consumed by 73 Dairy herd reports 54 Ayrshires 55 Ayrshire grades 55 Canadians 55 Canadian grades 55 Guernseys 55 Guernsey grades 55 Shorthorns 55 Dairy cows, experiments with 5S-61 Apples as feed for cows 63-61 Pea dust for dairy cows 60 Spirit grains for dairy cows 59 Meal seeds for dairy cows 58 Farm, the 200-acre 75 Crop on, in 1905 76 Comparative statement of crops on, from 1899 to 1905, inclusive 76 Feed produced on, and utilization thereof, in 1904 ._ 73 Financial summary 74 Horses 47 Bran-feeding experiment 49 Labour, value and amount of 4S Letter of transmittal 47 Live stock 47 Horses 47 Cattle 47 Sheep 48 Swine 48 Financial statements 71-75 Pagb. Agriculturist— Report of the — Con. Pork production 70-73 Pigs on alfalfa pasture 71 Pigs on red clover pasture 71 Pigs on roots as pasture 72 Pigs fed in pens — no green feed 72 Pigs fed in pens; roots and meal.. .. 72 Rotation experiment 77 Rotation A, 5 years 78 Rotation B, 5 years .^ 73 Rotation E, 3 years 82 Rotation Z, 3 years S3 Rotation H, hogs 84 Rotation T, sheep 85 Rotation D and S, Deep vs. Shallow ploughing SO-Sl Rotations M, N, 0 and P, : short vs. long, and clover vs. no clover.. ..86-89 iRoots, varieties grown 75 Steers, experiments with.. 62--70 Long vs. short feed steers 62-63 Influence of age on cost of putting on flesh 63 Summary of operations on 200-acre farm. 90 Bedford, S. A., Superintendent of Experi- mental Farm, Brandon, Manitoba, Re- port of 321 Blair, W. S., Horticulturist. Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S., Report of 301 Cerealist — Report of the Acknowledgments Barley, six-row "j^o Beardless Earliest varieties of Hulless Most productive varieties of 221 Test of varieties of 22O Albert 220 Argyle 22O Bere 220 Black Japan 220 Blue Long Head 220 Brome £20 Champion 220 Chinese Hulless 220 Claude 220 205 205 220 221 221 221 16—29 449 450 EXPERIMENTAL FARilS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Page. Cerealist — 'Report of the — Con. Barley, six-row — Con. Common 220 Eclipse 220 Empire 220 Escourgeon 220 Hulless Black 220 Mandscheuri 220 Mansfield 220 Mensury 220,224 Norwegian 220 Nugent 220 Oderbruch 220 Odessa 220 Rennie's Improved 220 Royal 220 Silver King 220 Sisolsk 220 Stella 220 Summit 220 Trooper 220 Yale 220 Barley, six-row winter 222 Zero 222 Barley, two-row 213, 221 Beardless 222 Earliest varieties of. 222 Hulless 222 Most productive varieties of 221 Test of varieties of 221 Archer Chevalier 221 Beaver 221 Bestehorn's Kaiser 221 Brewer's Favourite 221 Canadian Thorpe 221 Clifford 221 Danish Chevalier 221 Dunham 221 Fichtel Mountain 221 French Chevalier 221 Gordon 221 Hanncben 221 Harvey 221 Invincible 221 Jarvis 221 Logan 221 Maltster 221 Newton 221 Primus 221 Princess 221 Princess Svalof 221 Sidney 221 Standwell 221 Swan's Neck 221 Swedish Chevalier 221 Beans, field 226 Soja 226 Page. Cerealist — Report of the — Con. Beets, sugar 229 Carrots 229 Cereals in small plots 211 Crossing and selection of cereals 206 Descriptions of varieties of wheat.. .. 209 Donations 205 Early sowing, importance of 214 Emmer and Spelt 212,218 Test of varieties of 218 Common Emmer 206, 218 Long Emmer 218 Red Emmer 218 Red Spelt 218 Single Emmer 218 Smooth Spelt 218 Thick Emmer 218 White Emmer 218 White Spelt 21S White Bearded Spelt 218 Fife wheats 211 Flax 226 Grades of wheat 208 Grain sown in different quantities on clay loam 224 Grain sown in different quantities on sandy loam 223 Indian corn 230 Sown at different distances 231 Test of varieties of 230 Mangels 228 Test of varieties of 228 Manitoba, visit to 207 Millet 227 Mixed grain, plots of 225 Oats 212,218 Earliest varieties of 220 Most productive varieties of 219 Test of varieties of 218 Abundance 219 American Beauty 2U American Triumph 21D Anderbecker 213 Atlantic 219 Banner 218,221 Bavarian 218 Bell 219 Bestehorn's Abundance 219 Big Four 219 Black Beauty 219 Buckbee's Illinois 219 Chinese Naked 219 Colossal 219 Columbus 219 Danish Island 218 INDEX 451 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page. Oats — Con. Daubeney 219 Dinauer 218, 219 Dixon 219 Early Angus 219 Early Golden Prolific 219 Excelsior 219 Fichtel Mountain 218, 219 Forbes 219 Carton's Abundance 219 Golden Beauty 219 Golden Fleece 219 Golden Giant 219 Golden Tartarian 218 Goldfinder 219 Gold Rain 219 Great Northern 219 Green Russian 218, 219 Hazlett's Seizure 219 Holstein Prolific 219 Improved American 218 Improved Ligowo 219 Irish Victor 219 Joanette 219 Kendal Black 219 Kendal White 219 Kirsche 21S, 219 Lincoln 219 Mennonite 219 Milford Black 219 Milford White 219 Olive Black 219 Pioneer 218 Probstey 219 Scotch Potato 219 Sensation 219 Siberian 219 Sorgenfrei 219 Storm King 219 Swedish LigDwo 219 Swedish Select 219 Tartar King 219 Thousand Dollar 219 Tlola 219 Twentieth Century 219 Uberfluss 218 Virginia White Abundance 219 Waverley 219 Welcome 219 White Giant 2>8 Whiting 219 Wide Awake 219 Peace River Country, Cereals in 207 Peas 213, 222 Earliest varieties of 223 Most productive varisties of 223 Test of varieties of 222 IG— 29^ Page. Cerealist — ^Report of the — Con. Potatoes, field plots of 231 Preparation of land for uniform test plots 213 Roots, field.. 227 Rye, spring 213,223 Winter 213, 223 Saskatchewan, Visit to 207 Selection of cereals 206 Selection of seed for test plots 214 Spelt. See Emmer. Turnips 227 Test of varieties of , 228 ITniform test plots of cereals 213 Weather 21i Wheat, Macaroni 212, 216 Test of varieties of 217 Beloturka 217 Black Don 217 Gharnovka 217 Goose 216, 217 Kahla 217 Kubanka 217 Mahmoudi 217 Medeah 217 Roumanian r 217 Velvet Don 217 Yellow Gharnovka 217 Wheat, Spring 212, 214 Earliest varieties of 216 Most productive varieties of 216 Test of varieties of 215 Advance 215 Aurora 206, 207 Australian F 215 Australian Xo. 9 215 Australian Xo. 12 215 Australian Xo. 28 215 Bishop .;v 215 Blue Stem 215 Bobs 207 Chester 215 Club 210 Clyde 215 Colorado 206, 215 Countess 215 Dawn 215 Downy Riga 215 Early Riga 215 Ebert 215 Gehun 215 Haynes' Blue Stem 215 Herisson Bearded 215 Hungarian Mountain 209 Hungarian White 211, 215 452 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Page Cerealist— Report of the— Con. Wheat, Spring— Con. Huron 206, 215 Kirsche 215 Laurel 215 McKendry's Fife 210, 215 Marvel 215 Minnesota No. 163 210, 215 Monanch...' 210, 215 Nixon.. ., 215 (Pearl 215 Percy 206, 215 Power's Fife 210, 215 Preston 203, 215, 224 Pringle's Champlain 206, 215 Red Fern 215 Red Fife 20.6, 207, 208, 209, 215 Red Preston 212 Riga 206 215 Saumur 215 Stanley 206, 215 Weldon 215 Wellman's Fife 210,215 White Fife 207, 209, 215 White Russian 210, 215 Wheat, Winter 217 Test of varieties of 217 Abundance 217 American Banner 217 Buda Pesth 217 Dawson's Golden Chaff 217 Early Red Clawson 217 Early Windsor ,. 217 Egyptian Amber 217 Gold Coin 217 Imperial Amber 217 Invincible 217 Jones' Winter Fife 217 Kharkov 217 Padi.. .. % 217 Red Chief 217 Prosperity 217 Red Velvet Chaff 217 Reliable 217 Silver Sheaf 217 Turkey Red 217 Chemist — Report of the 125 Acknowledgments 127 Anglo-Saxon stock food 144 Assistant chemists 127 Burgundy mixture 125, 148, 149 Carrots 146 Chemistry of insecticides and fungicides 148 Clover, nitrogen-content of soils before and after 129 Oondimental foods 143 Page, Chemist— Report of the — Con. Conservation of soil moisture, Ottawa.. 133 Nappan, N.S. 134 Control of soil moisture in orchard soils 133 Corn by-products 142 Correspondence 127 Cotton-seed meal 143 Cotton waste 139 Cyanides for fumigation purposes.. ..126, 153 Dairying, investigations relating to.. .. 127 Fall and goose wheats 143 Fertilizers, naturally-occurring 137 Flue ashes 139 Fresh seaweed 138 Gypsum and land plaster 138 Marsh mud ■• 137 Semi-decayed seaweed 137 Flue ashes 139 Fodders and feeding stuffs 126, 140 Analysis of 141 Anglo-Saxon stock food 144 Condimental foods 143 Corn by-products • •• 142 Cotton-seed meal 143 Gluten meal 142 Goose and fall wheats 143 Herbageum 144 International stock food 144 Linseed or oil cake meal 142 Mixed feeds 141 Rice meal 143 Soda biscuits 143 Spirit grains 143 Stock foods 143 ' Sugar and flax ' 144 Formalin, action on vitality of wheat. .126, 152 " as a smut preventive 153 Formaldehyde, 40 per cent 151, 152, 153 Fumigation, cyanides used in production of gas for 126 Fungicides and insecticides 125 Gluten meal 142 feed : 142 Goose and fall wheats 143 Gypsum and land plaster 138 Herbageum 144 Inoculation for the growth of legumes.. 130 Insecticides and fungicides 125, 148 Cyanides for fumigation 153 Flour emulsion 151 Formalin 151 New form of kerosene emulsion 150 Soda-Bordeaux mixture 148 International stock food 144 Kerosene emulsion, new forms of.. ..125, 150 INDEX 453 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Chemist — Report of the — Con. Land plaster and gypsum 138 Legumes, inoculation for growth of.. .. 130 " nitrogen-enrichment of soils by 127 Letter of transmittal 125 Linseed or oil cake meal 142 Mangels 144, 145, 147 Manure, winter care of 127 Marsh mud 137 Mixed feeds 141 Naturally-occurring fertilizers 137 Nitrogen-enrichment of soils by legumes 127 Content of soils before and after clover 129 Oil-cake meal 142 Orchard soils, control of moisture of 133 ■Ilice meal 143 Roots, relative value of 144 Carrots 146 Influence of inherited qualities in.. .. 147 Mangels 144, 145 Sugar beets 146, 147 Turnips 145 Samples received for analysis 126 Seaweed, semi-decayed 137 fresh 138 Smut preventive, formaldehyde as a.. .. 153 Soda biscuits 143 Soda-Bordeaux mixture 125, 148, 149 •Soils 125 Control of moisture in orchard 133 Nitrogen-content of before and after clover 129 Nitrogen-enrichment of by legumes.. 127 Spirit grains I43 Stock foods 143 144 'Sugar and flax' 144 Sugar beets 126 for factory purposes I47, 14S Turnips 145_ 145 Waste products and naturally-occurring fertilizers I37 Well water from farmers' wells.. 126, 154, 155 Wheat, action of formalin on vitality of 126. 152 Goose and fall I43 Grades of I27 Director — Report of the 5 Acknowledgments 45 Bulletins issued during 1905 43 Cramp, Thos. M., report of 439 to 445 Co-operative experiments by Canadian farmers 21 Correspondence 25 Crops, action of fertilizers on 31 Ellis, Wm., reports of 27, 23 Page. Director—Report of the — Con. Experimental Farms, usefulness of..., 6 Experiments with fertilizers on — Barley 33, 34 Indian corn.- 37,38,39 Oats.. .. '. 35 Mangels 39 Turnips 39 Wheat 31 Farm crops throughout the Dominion.. 5 Fertilizers, special experiments with.. 29 Financial statement 439 Grain distribution of, for improvement of seed 22 to 25 Grain tests, table of, for each province. Inspection and grading of wheat Letter of transmittal Meteorological observations Rainfall for past fifteen years 27 18 28 28 .7 to 11, 44. 45 Reports on journeys made. Seed grain, distribution of 22 Seed grain distribution, benefits of.. .. 25 Seeds, tests of vitality of 26 Sunshine, records of 29 Summary of stock, &c., on each Experi- mental Farm 443 Visit to Alberta (southern) 8, 9, 10 Visit to Alberta (northern) 10, U Visit to Experimental Farm, Nappan N.S 45 Visit to Experimental Farm, Brandon, M. 44 Visit to Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Sask 44 Visit to Experimental Farm, Agassiz 2-- .'. 44 Visit to Grain Inspector's Office in Win- 19 nipeg. Weeds and Smut in Wheat 21 Winter wheat in Alberta g yukon. Experiments in the n to 17 Entomologist and Botanist— Report °^ '^<^ 159-204 Acknowledgments ^fQ Alfalfa affected with dodder, analysis of 203 Alfalfa Dodder 201 Anderson, J. R., on Variegated Cutworm. 175 on Vancouver Island Oak-looper.. .. 193 Anthonomus signatiis jgT Aphis irassicw 275 Apiary, report on the igj season of 1906 jg^ how to prevent swarming 19,5 improving stock of bees 19^ queen rearing j^y 451 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Page Entomologist and Botanist— Report of the — Con. Apiary, Report on the — Con. care of empty combs 198 Wax Moth 199 unfinished sections 200 Apple, Woolly Aphis of the 1S3 remedies for 18^ Apple Maggot 184 Apple Worm, Lesser 183 Argyresthia sp., on cedars 189 Aspidiotus perniciosus 182 Barathra occidentata 1"9 Batho, Geo., on Hessian Fly f ^»^^ Black, W. J., on cutworms in grain 170 on grasshoppers l^l on root and vegetable crops 1"4 Black Vine Weevil 186 Botany, Division of -01 Bran, poisoned, for cutworms 170 Bruchus pisorum l''^! Bud-moth, Eye-spotted 181 Buffalo Tree-hopper 18o remedies for 185 Burke, Rev. A. E., on cereal crops 162 on Larch Sawfly 191 Cabbage Aphis .. .. 176 remedies for 17' Carpocapsa pomoneUa 182 Carrot Rust-fly 1^7 remedies for 177 Cecidomyia destructor 162 Cephus occidentalis 166 pygmwus 166 Cereal crops, 1905 162 Cereals, insect enemies of 162 Ceresa liibalus 18o Chcrmes abietis 190 Chipman, B. W., on fodder crops 173 Chittenden, F. H., on means against the Strawberry Weevil 188 Cicada putnatni 185 septendccim Clarke, G. H., on Clover Dodder.. . Clover Dodder 173,201 Clover Leaf Weevil 173 Clover Weevil, Green 173 Clover-seed Midge 173 Codling Moth 182 Coleophora laricella 191 Collections of insects and plants 160 Corn attacked by Rose Chafer 173 attacked by Stalk Borer 174 Corn Root Maggot 173 Corn Worm 1'^ remedies for l'^5 Correspondence of the Division 159 135 212 Pagk Entomologist and Botanist — Report of the — Con. Cottony Maple Scale 189 Criddle, N., on Western Wheat-stem Sawfly 166 on locusts 171 on two new garden pests 174 Cucumber Flea-beetle 178 remedies for 178 Currant Maggot 188 Cuscuta epithymum 201 racemosa, var. chiliana 202 tritolii 201 Cutworm, Red-backed 169 Variegated 175 Cutworms 169, 173, 175 remedies for 170 Diamond-back Moth 178 remedies for 178 Diplosis tritici 168 Dodder, Clover or Alfalfa 201 eradication of 204 Ellopia somniaria 194 Enarmonia prunivora 183 Entomology, Division of .^ .. 162 Entomoscelis adonidis 177 Epitrix cucumeris 178 Epochra canadensis 188 Fir Sawfly 1S9 Fixter, John, report by 194 Flea-beetle, Red-headed 173 Fodder crops, 1905 172 insect enemies of 173 Forest and shade trees, insect enemies of 1S9 Fruit crops, It'Oa isi insect enemies of 1S2 Galeruca externa 174 Gastroidea polygon! 174 Glendinning, H., on Turnip Aphis 176 Grapholitlia prunivora 133 Grass plots, experimental 159 Grasshoppers 171 Hamilton, Dr. C. A., on Turnip Aphis.. 173 on Carrot Rust-fly 177 on Potato Flea-beetle 178 on Spined Rustic ISO Harvest-fly, Western 185 Ilcmerocampa leucostigma 193 Hessian Fly 162 location of the injury 164 remedies for 165 Isosoma tritici 167 James, Prof. C. C, on fodder crops.. .. 173 Japing, Rudolf, on Larch Case-bearer.. 192 on Turnip Aphis .. 173 INDEX 456 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Entomologist and Botanist — Report of the — Con. Joint Worm 167 remedies for 168 Knot-weed Beetle 174 Larch Case-bearer 191 Larch Sawfly 1S9, 190 Locust, Seventeen-year 185 Locusts 171 Lophyrus abietis 189 Lorostege stwticalis 179 Macoun, W. T., on strawberry varieties for planting 187 MacrodactyJus sulspinosus ••173 Maple Scale, Cottony 189 Marmont, L. E., on Hessian Fly 164 McNeil, A., on fruit crops 181 Meetings attended by the Entomologist and Botanist 159 by*Assistant Entomologist 160 Miller, H. H., on Alfalfa Dodder 202 Nematus enchsonii 189, 190 Nova Scotia Secretary of Agriculture, on grain crops 162 Oak-looper, Vancouver Island 193 Ontario Crop Report, on grain crops 162 Otiorhynchus ovatus 186 sulcatus 186 Papaipetna cataphracta 174 nitela 174 Paragrotis oclirogaster 169 Parker, S. C, on fruit crops 181 Patch, Miss E. M., on Apple Maggot 184 ' Pea Bug ' 171 Pea Moth 171 remedies for •. .. 172 Pea Weevil 171 Peridroma saucia 175 Pimpla scriptifrons 194 Platypedia putnami 185 Phiiella maculipcnnis 17S Potato Flea-beetle 178 remedies for 178 Psila rosce 177 Pulvinaria innumerabilis 189 Ready, Prof. J. C, on fodder crops 173 on wheat crop 162 Rhagoletes pomonella 184 Riseborough, G. W., on Stalk Borer.. .. 174 Roots and vegetables, insect enemies of 173 Rose Chafer attacking corn 173 Rustic, Spined 179 remedies for 180 San Jose Scale 182 Sanderson, E. D., on Apple Maggot.... 185 Page. Entomolosist and Sot?,nist — Report of the — Con. Schizoneura lanigcra 183 Semasia nigricana 171 Shutt, F. T., analysis of alfalfa affected with Dodder 203 Sleepy Weevil 186 Spined Rustic 179 Spruce Gall-louse 190 remedies for 190 Stalk Borer 174 Strawberry varieties recommended for planting 187 Strawberry Weevil 187 remedies for 188 Sugar Beet Webworm 179 Systena frontalis 173 Taylor, Rev. G. W., on Thcrina somniaria 194 Therina fcrvidaria 194 fiscellaria 194 somniaria 189,193 Trypeta pomonella 184 Turnip Aphis 176 remedies for 177 Turnip Beetle, Red 177 remedies for 177 Tussock-moth, White-marked 193 Webster, Prof. F. M., on Joint Worms.. 168 Western Harvest-fly 185 Wheat Midge 168 remedies for 169 Wheat-stem Sawfly, Western 166 remedies for 167 Willing, T. N., on cereal crops 162 on Corn Worm 176 Woolly Aphis of the Apple 183 remedies for 183 Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Report of Superintendent 401 Apples, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting 419 to 428 Apples, list of discarded 428, 429 Apricots, report on 435 Barley, experiments with 405 Test of varieties of 405 Beans, experiments with 415 Bees, report on 403 Beets, experiments with 412, 415 Blackberries, report on 435 Agawam 436 Early Cluster , 436 Early King 435 Eldorado 435 Erie 435 Hansel 435 Lawton 435 456 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Page. Experimental Farm, Agassiz— Con. Blackberries, report on — Con. Maxwell 436 Ohmer 436 Oregon Everbearing 436 Stone's Hardy 436 Snyder 436 Taylor 436 Taylor's Prolific 436 Broccoli, experiments with 416 Brussels Sprouts, experiments with 416 Cabbage, experiments with 416 Carrots, experiments with 412, 417 Test of varieties of 412 Cattle 402 Cauliflowers, experiments with 416 Cherries, report on, with descriptions of 'new varieticj fruiting 434 Clearing of land 402 Clover Experiments 415 Clover versus Corn for ensilage 414 Commercial orchards 419 Corn, Indian, experiments with.. .. 409, 410 •Correspondence 418 Crops, summary of 415 Currants. Black, report on 437 Black Naples 437 Boskoop Giant 437 Climax 437 Dominion 437 Lee's Prolific 437 London 437 Merveille de la Gironde 437 Middlesex 437 Pearce 437 Prince of Wales 437 Victoria 437 Currants, red and white, report on.. .. 437 Eyatt's New 437 Gondoin Red 437 La Conde 437 La Fertile 437 Large White Brandenburg 437 La Turinese 437 London Red 437 Prince Albert 437 Raby Castle 437 Red Cherry 437 Victoria 437 White Cherry 437 White Grape 437 White Pearl 437 Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c. 418 Ditching 402 Emmer and Spelt *08 Field Roots ■AlO Pagb. Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Con. Fodder crops, experiments with 413 Forest Trees 403 Fowls 403 Fruit crops 401 Garden vegetables 415 Hedges 402 Horses 403 Lettuce, experiments with 417 Live stock 402 Mangels, experiments with 411 Test of varieties 411 Medlars, report on 435 Meteorological report 438 Millets, experiments with 413 Mountain orchards 403 Mulberries, report on 435 New breaking 402 Nut-bearing trees, report on 402, 403 Oats, experiments with 404 Test of varieties of 404 Onions, experiments with 417 Orchards 419 Ornamental trees and shrubs 402 Parsnips 416 Peaches, report on 434 Pears, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting 430 Pease, garden, experiments with 416 Field, experiments with 408 Test of varieties 409 Pigs 402 Plums, report on, with descriptions of new varieties fruiting 431 Potatoes, experiments with 412 Test of varieties of 413 Poultry 403 Pumpkins 417 Radishes, experiments with 417 Raspberries, Black Cap, report on.. .. 436 Ada 436 Conrath 435 Gregg 436 Hopkins 436 Kansas 436 Mammoth Cluster 436 Nemaha 435 Older 436 Palmer 435 Progress 436 Raspberries, red and yellow, report on. 435 All summer 435 Cuthbert 435 Duke of Brabant 435 French Vice-President 435 INDEX isr( SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Esperiiuental Farm, Agassiz — Con. Raspberries, red and yellow, report oa — Con. Golden Queen 435 Large Yellow 435 London 435 Lord Beaconsfleld 435 New Fastolf 435 Northumberland Fillbasket 435 iPauline 435 Phcsnix 435 R. B. Whyte 435 Sarah 435 Rye, Fall 40S Sheep 402 Small fruits 435 Soja beans, experiments with 414 Spelt. See Emmer. Squash, experiments with 418 Summary of crops 415 Sunflowers 414 Sugar beets, experiments with 412 Turnips, experiments with 411, 417 Test of varieties of 411 Turnips, table, experiments with 417 Vegetables 415 Weather 401 Wheat, fall, experiments with 406 Wheat, spring, experiments with 406 Test of varieties of 407 Wheat, Macaroni 407 Expei'imental Farm, Brandon — ^Re- port of the Superintendent 321 Agropyrum teiterum 339 Apples 346 Arboretum 348 Annual Flowers 354 Avenues 348 Awnless Brome grass 339 Bald wheat grass 339 Barley, experiments with 328 Test of varieties of 328, 329 Beans, French 351 Bees, experiments with 345 Beets 353 Bromus iiiermis 339 Cabbage, experiments with 352 Carrots, experiments with 336, 351 Test of varieties of 336 Cattle 341 Cauliflower 353 Clovers, experiments with 339 Corn, Indian, experiments with 333 Test of varieties of 333 Page. Experimental Farm, Brandon— Con. Corn sown at different distances apart. 334 Corn, sweet 352 Correspondence 355 Cows, milking 343 Crab apple seedlings, report on 346 Crab, Transcendent 343 Cucumbers 350 Currants 347 Distribution of seed grain and potatoes. 355 Of forest trees, shrubs, seeds 353 Emmer and spelt 323 Exhibition samples 3555 Farmers' meetings attended 336 Field roots 334 Flax, experiments with 331 Flowers, experiments with 354 Fruit trees, experiments with 346, 347 Gooseberries 343 Grasses 333 Horticulture 345 Iris 354 Mangels, experiments with 335 Test of varieties of 336 Maple seed 343 Meetings attended 355 Meteorological report 355 Mixed grain crops 33^ Millets, experiments with 340 Oats, experiments with S26 Oats, test of varieties of 327 Onions ggg Parsnips 0-1 ool Paeonies o-^ Pease, field, experiments with 329 Test of varieties of 330 Garden oig Perennial flowers 354 Pigs, experiments with 343 Plums g^'j. Potatoes, experiments with 337 Test of varieties of 335 Poultry, report on 344 Pijrus baccata 345 Raspberries 343 Rhubarb 353 Rotation of crops 325, 326 Samples for exhibition purposes 355 Seed grain, sale of 332, 333 Shrubs and trees, distribution of 355 Small fruits 347 Spelt. See Emmer. Squash and pumpkins 351 Steers, experiments in feeding.. .. 341 to 343 458 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Page. Experimental Farm, Brandon — Con. Strawberries 348 Sugar beets, experiments with 337 Swine, experiments with 343 Tomatoes, experiments with 353 Top grafting 346 Tree distribution 355 Tulips and other bulbs 354 Turnips, experiments with 334 Turnips, test of varieties of 335 Turnips, garden 352 Vegetable garden 349 Visitors to the Experimental Farm.. .. 355 Weather 321 Wheat 321 Wheat, different methods of preparing land for 324 Wheat Macaroni 322 Test of varieties of 323 Wheat- spring, experiments with 321 Deep and shallow sowings of 324 Field plots of 324 Preventives of smut in 324 Test of fertilizers on 323 Selected and unselected seed 325 Tent of varieties of 322 Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Sask. — Report of the Superintend- ent 357 Alberta, trip through 399 Alfalfa, experiments with 375 Agropyrum icuerum 375 Annuals 3SS Apples, report on 392 Arboretum 391 Asparagus, experiments with 380 Awnless Brome grass 375 Barley, experiments with 367 Field lots of 368, 369 Test of varieties of 367, 368 Barley crop and average yield 369 Barley, comparison of field crops for past four years 369 Beans, garden_ experiments with 381 Beets, experiments with 381 Breaking and backsetting 363 Broccoli 381 Bromus incnnis 375 Brussels Sprouts 381 Cabbage, experiments with 382 Canary grass 373 Carrots, experiments with 378 Garden 381 Cattle 394 Cauliflower, experiments with 382 Celery, experiments with 383 Page. Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Sask. — Con. Citrons, experiments with 383 Clovers 375 Cauliflower, experiments with 382 Corn, Indian, experiments with 375 Test of varieties of 376 Corn, garden 382 Correspondence 399 Crab apples, Siberian 393 Crops on Experimental Farm 357 Crops, summary of 379 Cross-bred apples 392 Cucumbers, experiments with 383 Currants, report on 394 Distribution of grain, potatoes, forest trees, &c 399 Emmer and Spelt 361 Excursions to farm 398 Experimental Farm crops 357 Feeding tests of cattle 395 Flax, experiments with 373 Flowers, report on 387 Forest trees and shrubs, distribution of. 399 Fruit crop 393 Fruit trees 392 Grain dealers' trip .. 397 Grain, distribution of samples of.. .. 451 Gooseberries, report on 394 Grasses, experiments with 375 Hay crop 374 Horse beans 373 Horses ■ 396 Institute meetings 397 Lettuce, experiments with 3S3 Mangels, experiments with 377 Meetings attended 397 Melons, experiments with 382 Meteorological report 400 Methods of preparing new ground.. .. do", Millets, experiments with 373 Oat crop and average yield 366 Oats, experiments with ?64 Field lots of 336, 367 Test of varieties of 365 Comparison of field crops for past five years 360, 367, 369 Onions, experiments with 384 Parsley 384 Parsnips, experiments with 384 Pease, experiments with 369 Field lots of 371 Tests of varieties of 370 Garden 370, 385 Test of varieties cf .. 870 INDEX 459 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Page Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Sask. — Con. Peppers 3S4 Perennial flowers, report on 389 Plums 333, 394 Potatoes, experiments with 378 Distribution of 399 Test of varieties of 379 Poultry, report on 397 Pumpkins, experiments with 384 Radish, experiments with 385 Winter 385 Rainfall 400 Raspberries, report en 394 Rhubarb, experiments with 386 Roots, field, experiments with 376 Rotation of crops, experiments iii.. .. 371 Rye, fall 372 Rye, spring 372 Rye grass, western 375 Sage 385 Sand cherry 394 Savory 385 Seed grain, distribution of 399 Siberian Crab -• •• 393 Small fruits B94 Smut 384 Soja beans, experiments with 373 Spelt. See Emmer. Spinach, experiments with 386 Steers, experiments with 395 Strawberries, report on 394 Summary of crops 3i9 Summer savory 385 Sugar beets, experiments with 378 Summer fallows 361 Sv.ine, report on 39S Tares, experiments with 372 Timothy, experiments witt: 375 Tobacco 286 Tomatoes, experiments with C86 Trees and shrubs ^90 Tree seeds, planting of 391 Turnips, experiments with 377 Table 386 Test of varieties of 377 Vegetable garden •. ■■ fSO Weather 357 Wheat, Macaroni 361 Wheat, Spring, experiments 358 Field lots of 359 • Comparison of tests for past five years 360 Test of varieties of 358 Test of fertilizers for 860 Crops and average yield 359 Pagk. Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S. — Report of the Superintendent 263 Acknowledgments 2i3 Alfalfa, experiments with 231, 2S2 Barley, experiments with 267 Test of varieties of 257, 2C8 Beans, experiments with 283 Bees 293 Buckwheat, experiments with 271 Test of varieties of 271 Carrots, experiments with 2S0 Test of varieties of 280 Cattle 287 Clover, experiments with 2S1, 283, 284 Corn, Indian, experiments with 272 Field crops of 273 Sown at different distances 273 Test of varieties of 272 Correspondence 303 Cows, experiments with £37, 233 Dairy cattle 287, 288 Distribution of seed grain and potatoes. 235 Emmer and Spelt 259 Exhibitions attended 303 •Experimental Farm crops 2S5 Feeds, disposition of 283 Fertilizers, experiments v.ith 274, 284 Grain, field crops of 271 Hay 2S5 Horses 2S6 Live stock 2S6, 237 Macaroni Wheat, experiments with.. .. 289 Mangels, experiments with 273 Field crops of 273, 279 Test of varieties of 273 Meetings attended jjO Meteorological record 2]ouve]le- Ecosse en 1905, centre 19 d'Ontario, 7 du Manitoba, 6 de Quebec et deux de la Xou- velle-Ecosse en 1904. DELITS JUSTICIABLES d'uN .JURY PAR CLASSES. Le nombre de condainnations dans la classe I, outrages contre la personne, compve- nant les cas de meurtre, homicide non premedite, viol, voies de fait, etc., a augmente de 15 durant I'annee, de 1605 en 1904 a 1620 en 1905. Les provinces montrant das dimi- nutions sont la Nouvelle-Ecosse, de 179 a 152, Quebec de 429 a 403 et les Territoires de 120 a 99 ; tandis que les provinces montrant des augmentations sont le Manitoba, de 73 a 102, la Colombie-Britannique de S^i a 116, Ontario de 670 a 684, le Nou veau- Brunswick de 36 a 47 et File du Prince- Edouard de 15 a 17. II y avait 40 accusations et 12 condamnations pour meurtre en 1905, contre 27 accusations et 14 condamnations pour le meme crime I'annee precedente. Des douze condamnations en 1905, cinq etaient d'Ontario, deux chacune de Quebec et de la Colombie-Britannique et une chacune de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, du Nouveau-Brunswick et des Territoires ; tandis que huit des 14 condamnations pour meurtre en 1904 etaient de la Colombie-Britannique, deux de Quebec et une chacune de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, du Nou veau-Brunswick, d'Ontario et des Territoires. Le nombre de personnes accusees de tentative de meurtre s'elevait a 17 en 1905, dont six ontete condamnees, contre 15 accusations pour le meme crime en 1904, dont sept condamnations. Des six condamnations pour 1 905, Ontario en comptait deux et les Territoires le meme nombre, tandis que Quebec et le Nouveau-Brunswick en comptaient une chacune ; des sept condamnations pour 1904, trois venaient de Quebec, deux de la Colombie-Britannique et une chacune d'Ontario et des Territoires. II y avait 29 accusations et 15 condamnations pour homicide non premedite en 1905, contre 29 accusations et 19 condamnations I'annee precedente ; des 15 condamnations pour 1905, cinq etaient de Quebec, quatre d'Ontario, et trois chacune du Manitoba et des Territoires ; tandis que six des 19 condamnations pour 1904 etaient d'Ontario, 6 de Quebec, 3 de la jSouvelle-Ecosse, 2 de la Colombie-Britannique et une chacune du Manitoba et des Territoires. On comptait 239 accusations et 115 condamnations pour viol et autres outrages a la pudeur en 1905, contre 241 accusations et 104 condamnations pour le meme crime en 1904. Des 115 condamnations en 1905, 58 etaient d'Ontario, 20 de Quebec, 10 de la Colombie-Britannique, 9 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 8 chacune du Manitoba et des Territoires, 2 du Nou veau-Brunswick et aucune de File du Pi ince-Edouard ; tandis que 51 des 104 condamnations de 1904 etaient d'Ontario, 13 des Territoires, 12 de Quebec, 10 du Manitoba, 9 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 7 de la Colombie-Britannique, 2 du Nouveau- Brunswick et aucune de File du Prince-Edouard. II y avait 168 accusations et 104 condamnations pour usage d'armes avec intention criminelle en 1905, comparativement a 181 accusations et 111 condamnations I'annee precedente, par provinces dans Fordre suivant : en 1905 Ontario comptait 55 condamna- X CRI:MINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 convictions, Manitoba 19, Quebec 10, British Columbia 9, Nova Scotia 6, the Territories 4 and New Brunswick 1 ; in 1904 Ontario had 61 convictions, Nova Scotia 16, Quebec 12, British Columbia 9, Manitoba 7, New Brunswick 4 and the Territories 2, while Prince Edward Island had none for both years. The highest figure in this class of offences belongs to assaults of all kinds, for which there were 1,200 convictions in 1905, or 74-07 per cent of the whole, against 1,176 or 73-27 per cent of the whole the year before, distributed by provinces in the following order : Ontario 452 in 1905 and 431 in 1904, Quebec 331 in 1905 and 369 in 1904, Nova Scotia 129 in 1905 and 145 in 1904, the Territories 78 in 1905 and 86 in 1904, British Columbia 89 in 1905 and 51 in 1904, Manitoba 64 in 1905 and 50 in 1904, New Brunswick 40 in 1905 and 29 in 1904 and Prince Edward Island 17 in 1905 and 15 in 1904. OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY WITH VIOLENCE. In Class TI, ofiences against property with violence, including burglary, house and shop breaking, etc., the number of convictions during the year, has increased from 552 in 1904, to 656 in 1905. The provinces showing increases in this class of offences are Quebec from 147 to 225, Ontario from 286 to 307, Manitoba from 22 to 54 and Prince Edward Island from nothing to 2 ; while decreases are to be found during the year in Nova Scotia from 40 to 23, in New Brunswick from 1 1 to 9, in British Columbia from 28 to 23 and in the Territories from 18 to 13. The highest j^ercentage in this class belongs to house and shop breaking with 580 charges and 462 convictions in 1905, as compared with 474 charges and 356 convictions the year before. Out of the 462 con- victions for 1905, Quebec had 195, Ontario 174, Manitoba 48, British Columbia 15, Nova Scotia 14, Territories 9, New Brunswick 5 and Prince Edward Island 2, and out of the 356 convictions for 1904, Ontario had 169, Quebec 107, Nova Scotia 29, Mani- toba 16, British Columbia 16, the Territories 12, New Brunswick 7 and Prince Edward Island none. OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY WITHOUT VIOLENCE. Class III, offences against property without violence, including larceny, horse and cattle stealing, embezzlement, fraud and false pretences, etc., shows an increase of 263 in the number of convictions during the year, from 3,969 in 1904 to 4,232 in 1905. Increases are found in Ontario from 1,802 to 1,935, in Quebec from 1,026 to 1,087, in the Territories from 325 to 371, in Manitoba from 339 to 382, in New Brunswick from 63 to 66, and in Prince Edward Island from 4 to 12, while British Columbia and Nova Scotia show decreases, the former from 228 to 198 and the latter from 182 to 181. This class represents 55-51 per cent of the total convictions for indictable offences in 1905, as compared with 58-76 per cent the year before, the highest figure being for larceny, with 3,774 convictions in 1905 against 3,504 the year before, or 89-18 per cent of the total number of convictions constituting this class of offences in 1905 against .88-28 in 1904. The number of convictions for larceny has increased during the year in every province, except British Columbia which shows a decrease of 19, from 191 to 172 ; the other provinces have increased in the following manner : — Ontario from 1608 to 1761, Quebec from 943 to 986, New Brunswick from 60 to 64, Nova Scotia from 157 to 168, Manitoba from 319 to 353, the Territories from 222 to 259, and Prince Edward Island from 4 to 11. STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05. xi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 tions, Manitoba 19, Quebec 10, Colorabie-Britannique 9, Nouvelle-Ecosse 6, les Terri- toires 4 et le Nouveau-Brunswick 1 ; en 190-t Ontario comptait 61 condamnations, la Kouvelle-Ecosse 16, Quebec 12, la Colombie-Britannique 9, Manitoba 7, le Nouveau- Brunswick 4, les Territoires 2 ; il n'a ete fait rapport d'aucun de ces delits pour I'lle du Priace-Edouard durant les deux annees. Mais le chifiFre le plus eleve dans cette classe de delits est celui des voies de fait de toutes sortes qui etait de 1,200 en 1905, soit 74-07 pour cent du total des condamnations. centre 1,176 ou 73-27 pour cent du total des condam- nations de cette classe I'annee precedente, par provinces dans I'ordre suivant : — 452 dans Ontario en 1905 contre 331 en 1904, Quebec 331 contre 369, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 129 contre 145, les Territoires 78 contre 86, la Colombie-Britannique 89 contre 51, Manitoba 64 contre 50, le ISTouveau-Brunswick 40 contre 29 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard 17 contre 15. DELITS AVEC VIOLENCE CONTRE LA PROPRIETE. Dans la classe II, delits avec violence contre la propriete, comprenant le vol avec effraction, les bris de maisons et de magasins, etc., le nombi'e de condamnations a augmente de 552 qu'il etait en 1904 a 656 en 1905. Les provinces montrant des augmentations dans cette classe de delits durant lannee sent Quebec, de 147 a 225, Ontario de 286 a 307, Manitoba de 22 a 54 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard de 0 a 2 ; tandis que des diminutions se trouvent dans la Nouvelle-Ecosse, de 40 a 23, dans le Nouveau- Brunswick de 11 a 9, dans la Colombie-Britannique de 28 a 23 et dans les Territoires de 18 a 13. Les chiffres les plus eleves dans cette classe de delits sont ceux qui repre- sentent les bris de maisons et de magasins pour lesquels il y avait 5S0 accusations et 462 condamnations en 1905, contre 474 accusations et 356 condamnations I'annee precedente. Des 462 condamnations en 1905, Quebec en comptait 195, Ontario 174, Manitoba 48, la Colombie Britannique 15, la Nouvelle-Eeosse 14, les Territoires 9, le Nouveau-Brunswick 5, et ITle du Prince-Edouard 2, et des 356 condamnations en 1904 Ontario en comptait 169, Quebec 107, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 29, Manitoba 16, la Colombie-Britannique 16, les Territoires 12, le Nouveau-Brunswick 7 et File du Prince-Edouard aucune. DELITS SANS VIOLENCE CONTRE LA PROPRIETE. La classe III, delits sans violence contre la propriete, dans laquelle se trouvent compris les cas de larcin, vol de chevaux et de betail, detournement, fraude et faux pre- textes, etc., indique une augmentation de 263 dans le nombre de condamnations durant I'annee, de 3,969 en 1904 a 4,232 en 1905. Les augmentations se trouvent dans Ontario, de 1802 k 1935, dans Quebec de 1026 a 1087, dans les Territoires de 325 a 371, dans le Manitoba de o39 a 382, dans le Nouveau-Brunswick de 63 a 66, et dans File du Prince-Edouard de 4 a 1 2 ; tandis que la Colombie-Britannique et la Nouvelle-Ecosse accusent des diminutions, la premiere de 228 a 198 et la derniere de 182 a 181. Cette classe represente 55 51 pour cent du total des condamnations pour delits justiciables d'un jury en 1905, contre 58*76 pour cent I'annee pi-ecedente, le chiffre le plus eleve etant pour les cas de larcin dont le nombre de condamnations en 1905 etait de 3,774, contre 3,504 en 1904, soit 89-18 pour cent du total constituant cette classe de delits en 1905, et 88-28 pour cent en 1904. Le nombre de condamnations pour larcin a augmente durant I'annee dans toutes les provinces, excepte la Colombie-Britannique qui indique une diminution de 19, de 191 a 172. Ontario a augmente de 1,608 a 1,761, Quebec de 943 a 986, le Nouveau-Brunswick de 60 a 64, la Nouvelle-Ecosse de 157 a xii CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The following table shows the number of convictions for larceny with ratios in relation to population, by provinces, in the order of criminality for the year 1905 com- pared with 1904 : — LARCKNY IN 1905 AND 1904, WITH RATIOS. 1905. 1904. Provinces. Number of convictions . Ratio per 10,000 of population. Number of convictions. Ratio per 10,000 of population. Manitoba 353 1,761 172 259 986 168 64 11 10-70 7-95 7-32 719 514 3-62 1-91 109 319 1,608 191 222 943 157 60 4 14 34 Ontario British Columbia . . .' The Territories 7-29 8-80 S 14 Quebec Nova Scotia .5-53 3 39 New Brunswick Prince Ilidvvard Island ... 1-79 0 39 Canada 3,774 6-53 3,504 6-25 The position held in the above table by the several provinces, regarding ratios of criminaHty, is the same as that held by each in the previous report, with this exception that Ontario instead of being the fourth is now the second highest. MALICIOUS OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY. In Class IV, malicious offences against property, are comprised arson, mahcious injury to horses and cattle, and other wilful damage to property ; the number of con- victions for this class has been reduced by 6 during the year, from 100 in 1904 to 94 in 1905. Twenty-nine persons were convicted of arson in 1905 against 35 in 1904, and of the 29, 18 were from Ontario, 4 from Nova Scotia, 3 from Quebec, 2 from Manitoba, 1 each from Bi-itish Columbia and New Brunswick, and none from the Territories and Prince Edward Island, while 17 of the 35 couvictions for 1904 were from Ontario, 8 from the Territories, 6 from Nova Scotia, 2 from Quebec, 1 each from New Brunswick and British Columbia and none from Manitoba and Prince Edward Island. The number of convictions for malicious injury to horses and cattle is 65 for both years. Out of those convicted in 1905, 19 were from Ontario, 14 from Quebec, 12 from the Territories, 9 from British Columbia, 6 from Manitoba, 4 from Prince Edward Island, 1 from Nova Scotia and none from New Brunswick, and out of those convicted in 1904, 21 were from Quebec, 20 from Ontario, 10 from the Territoiies, 5 from Prince Edward Island, 4 from British Columbia, 3 from Nova Scotia, 2 from Manitoba and none from New Brunswick. FORGERY AND OFFENCES AGAINST CURRENCY. Class V, forgery and offences against currency, has increased from 152 in 1904 to 173 in 1905, the provinces showing increases being Nova Scotia from 4 convictions in 1904 to 7 in 1905, Ontario from 57 to 70, Manitoba from 42 to 52, British Columbia from 10 to 16, Quebec from 16 to 19 and New Brunswick from none to one, and the pro- STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. xiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 168, le Manitoba de 319 a 353, les Territoires de 222 a 259 et File du Prince-Edouard de4a 11. Le tableau suivant montre le nombre de condaninations pour larcin avec les pro- portions d'apres la population, par provinces, dans I'ordre de criminalite pour I'annee 1905 compai'ee avec 1904 : — LARCIN EN 1905 ET 1904, AVEC PROPORTIONS. - 1905. 1904. Provinces. Nombre de condani- nations. Proportion par 10, 000 de la popula- tion. Nombre de condam- nations. Proportion par 10, 000 de la popula- tion. Manitoba 353 1,761 172 259 986 168 64 11 10 7 70 9.") 319 1,608 191 222 943 157 60 4 14 7 8 8 5 3 1 0 34 29 Colombie-Britannique . . 7 7 5 3 1 1 32 19 14 62 91 09 80 14 .^3 39 Kouveau- Brunswick 79 39 Canada .... 3,774 6o3 3,504 6-25 La position occupee dans le tableau precedent par les differentes provinces, relati- vement a la criminalite, est la meme que celle qu'elles occupaient dans le rapport de I'an dernier, a I'exception d'Ontario qui est la deuxieme sur la liste cette annee et qui etait la quatrieme Tan dernier. DOMMAGES MALICIEUX A LA PROPRIETE. Dans la classe IV, dommages malicieux a la propriete, se trouvent compris les crimes d'incendie, les dommages malicieux aux chevaux et bestiaux et autres dommages volontaires a la propriete, le nombre de condamnations indique une diminution de six durant I'annee, de 100 en 1904 a 94 en 1905. Vingt-neuf personnesont ete condamnees pour crime d'incendie en 1905 contre 35 en 1904, et de ces 29, dix-huit etaient d'Ontario, 4 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 3 de Quebec, 2 du Manitoba, une chacune de la Colombie- Britannique et du Nouveau-Brunswick, et aucune des Territoires et de I'lle du Prince- Edouard ; tandis que des 35 condamnations pour 1904 dix-sept etaient d'Ontario, 8 des Territoires, 6 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 2 de Quebec, une chacune du Nouveau-Brunswick et de la Colombie-Britannique, et aucune du Manitoba et de I'lle du Prince-Edouard. Le nombre de condamnations pour dommages malicieux aux chevaux et bestiaux est de 65 pour les deux annees. Du nombre de personnes condamnees en 1905, dix-neuf etaient d'Ontario, 14 de Quebec, 12 des Territoires, 9 de la Colombie-Britannique, 6 du Manitoba, 4 de I'lle du Prince-Edouard, une de la Nouvelle-Ecosse et aucune du Nouveau-Brunswick, et du nombre de personnes condamnees I'annee precedente, 21 etaient de Quebec, 20 d'Ontario, 10 des Territoires, 5 de I'lle du Prince-Edouard, 4 de la Colombie-Britannique, 3 deia Nouvelle-Ecosse, 2 du Manitoba et aucune du Nouveau- Brunswick. xiv CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 vinces showing decreases being the Territories, from 22 convictions in 1904 to 8 in 1905, and Prince Edward Island from one to none. OTHER OFFENCES. In Class VI, other offences not included in the foregoing classes, comprising the carrying of unlawful weapons, conspiracy, violation of the Electoral Act. offences against Gambling and Lottery Acts, perjury and subornation of perjury, etc., the number of con- victions has increased by 125 per cent, from 376 in 1904 to 849 in 1905. The provinces, showing increases in this class are Quebec from 97 to 314, British Columbia from 25 to 235, Ontario from 182 to 203, the Territories from 27 to 66, and the provinces showing decreases are New Brunswick from 11 to 2, Nova Scotia from 20 to 16, Prince Edward Island from 3 to 2, while Manitoba shows 11 for both years. The number of convictions for perjury and subornation of perjury shows an increase of 6 during the year, from 20 in 1904 to 26 in 1905. Ontario had 6 in 1904 and 16 in 1905, Quebec 5 in 1904 and 3 in 1905, British Columbia 4 in 1904 and 1 in 1905, the Territories 4 in 1904 and 3 in 1905, Nova Scotia 1 in 1904 and 2 in 1905, while New Brunswick had none in 1904 and 1 in 1905, and Prince Edward Island none for both years. RECIDIVISTS. More than four-fifths or 80*80 per cent of the total number of indictable offenders were convicted for the first time, 11 "32 per cent for the second time and 9-00 per cent were recidivists or habitual criminals in 1905, as compared with 78*40, 12*48 and 9*01 respectively the year before. SENTENCES. Sentences. 1904. Sentenced to jail with the option of a fine It for under one year M for one year and under two to penitentiary for two years and under live . I, for five years and over H for life to death . . . . . to reformatories Other sentences 1,796 1,302 2,697 2.454 368 367 519 501 153 156 2 12 14 305 232 1,772 1,728 According to the above statement, 23*56 per cent of the total number of offenders were sentenced to jail with the option of a fine in 1905, as compared with 19*28 the year before ; 35*37 per cent in 1905 against 36*33 in 1904 were sentenced to jail for less than one year ; 4*87 per cent in 1905 against 5*43 in 1904 were sentenced to jail for one year and under two : 6*81 per cent, were sentenced to penitentiary for two and less than five years and 2*01 per cent to five years and over in 1905, against 7*42 and 2*31 respectively the year before. Two life sentences were recorded in 1905 and none the year before, while there were 12 death sentences in 1905 and 14 the year before. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905. xv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 FAUX ET DELITS PAR RAPPORT A LA MONNAIE. La classe V, faux et d^Iits par rapport a la monnaie, indique une augmentation de 21 dans le nombre de condamnations, 152 en 1904 et 173 en 1905 ; les provinces mon- trant des augmentations sont la Nouvelle-Ecosse, de 4 en 1904 a 7 en 1905, Ontario de 57 a 70, Manitoba de 42 a 52, la Colombie-Britannique de 10 a 16, Quebec de 16 a 19, le Xouveau-Brunswick de 0 a 1, et les provinces montrant des diminutions sont les Ter- ritoires de 22 a 8 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard de 1 a 0. AUTRES DELITS. Dans la classe VI, autx'es delits noa compris dans les classes precedentes, renfer- mant les cas de port d'armes illegal, conspiration, infractions a la loi electorale, infrac- tions aux lois defendant le jeu et les loteries, parjure et subornation de parjure, etc., le nombre de condamnations a augmente de 125 pour cent durant I'annee, de 376 en 1904 a 849 en 1905. Les provinces montant des augmentations dans cette classe sont Quebec, de 97 a 314, la Colombie-Britannique de 25 a 235, Ontario de J 82 a 203, les Terri- toires de 27 a 66 ; les provinces montrant des diminutions sont le Nouveau-Brunswick, de 11 a 2, la Nouvelle-Ecosse de 20 a 16, File du Prince-Edouard de 3 a 2, tandis que dans le Manitoba 1 1 condamnations sont donnees pour chacune des deux annees. Le nombre de condamnations pour parjure et subornation de parjure indique une augmentation de six durant I'annee, vingt en 1904 contre vingt-six en 1905, par pro- provinces : — Ontario 6 en 1904etl6en 1905, Quebec 5 en 1904 et 3 en 1905, Colombie- Britannique 4 eu 1904 et 1 en 1905, les Territoires 4 en 1904 et 3 en 1905, la Nouvelle- Ecosse 1 en 1904 et 2 en 1905, tandis que le Nouveau-Brunswick en comptait aucune en 1904 et une en 1905 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard aucune pour les deux annees. RECIDIVISTES. Plus des quatre cinquiemes ou 80-80 pour cent du total des delinquants ont ete condamnes une premifere fois, 11*32 pour cent une deuxieme fois et 9-00 pour cent etaient des recidivistes en 1905, contre 78-40, 12-48 et 9*01 respectivement I'annee precedente. SENTENCES. Sentences. 1904. Condamnes a I'option entre la prison ou 1' amende , . . a la prison pour moins d'un ati M un an et moins de deux au penitencier pour deux ans et moins de cinq. 11 cinq ans et au-dessus M la vie a mort .... aux ecoles de reforme . . Autres sentences 1,796 1,302 2,697 2,454 368 367 519 501 153 156 2 12 14 305 232 1,772 1,728 Tel que I'indique le tableau precedent, 23 "56 pour cent du total des delinquants ont etd condamnes a I'option entre la prison et I'amende en 1905, comparativement a 19-28, I'annee d'auparavant : 35-37 pour cent ont ete condamnes a la prison pour moins d'un an en 1905, contre 36-33 I'annee precedente; 4-87 pour cent en 1905 et 5-43 en 1904 xvi CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 The sentences to reformatories represented 4 per cent of the total number of persons convicted in 1905 against 4*97 the year previous. Other sentences representing respectively •23-24 and 25-58 per cent of the total convictions for 1905 and 1904, are made of such cases as were bound to keep the peace, sentence deferred, &c. OCCUPATIONS. The occupations of offenders are given in per cent ratios by classes in the following table : — Agricultural . Commercial . Domestic . . . . Industrial. .. Professional . Labourers . . . Not given . . . Classes of Occupations. 1904. ). c. p. c. 3-69 4- 13-92 12- 2-83 4- 13-21 10 0-63 0 39 43 41- 2G-29 25. Proportionately to the number of convictions I'eturned by each province in 1905, the offenders from the Territories occupy the first place in the agricultural class of occupations, followed by Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, • Manitoba and Ontario, while British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Quebec come the last. In the commercial class Manitoba comes first, followed by Quebec and British Columbia, with Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Prince Edward Island and the Territories, in the order named. In the domestic class Nova Scotia comes first, with Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia, the Territories and Prince Edward Island in the order named. In the industrial class the Quebec offenders occupy the first place, followed by British Columbia, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island and the Territories. The ratio of convictions belonging to the professional class is about equally divided among the several provinces. The labourers furnish the larger number of offenders from every province, and in this class Prince Edward Island comes first, followed by the other provinces in following order : Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Quebec, New Brunswick and the Territories. CIVIL CONDITIOX. Out of the total number of persons convicted, 23 • 69 per cent wex-e recorded as married, 2-00 as widowed, and 62-63 as unmarried in 1905, against 24-86, 1-77 and 62-11 respectively in 1904. EDUCATIONAL STATUS. The educational status of the offenders is about the same for both years. In 1905 the illiterate represented 9 ■ 34 per cent of the total convictions, those having an elementary education, 75-01 per cent, and those having a superior education, 2 "14 per cent, as against 9-75, 75-83 and 2 12 respectively the year before. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 ont ete condamnes a la prison pour un et moins de deux ans ; 6 "81 pour cent ont ete condamnes au penitencier pour deux et moins de cinq ans et 2-01 pour cinq ans et plus en 1905, contre 7'i2 et 2'31 respectivement I'annee d'auparavant ; deux sen- tences a vie ont ete prononcees en 1905 et aucune I'annee precedente, tandis qu'il y a eu 12 sentences de mort en 1905 contre 14 en 1904. Les sentences aux maisons de reforme s'elevaient a 4*00 pour cent du nombre de personnes condamnees en 1905, contre 4*97 I'annee precedente. Les autres sentences, representant respectivement 23'24 et 25*58 du total des condamnations pour les deux annees 1905 et 1904, se composent de cas tels que tenus de garder la paix, " sentences remises ", etc. OCCUPATIONS. La profession ou qualite des delinquants est donne par classes d'occupations, en proportions pour cent dans le tableau suivant : — Classes d'occupations. 1905. 1904. Agrricole p. c. 3 69 13 92 2-83 13-21 0-63 39-43 26-29 p. c. 438 Commerciale 12-94 Domestique Industrielle Professionnelle Joumaliers 404 10-76 0-65 41 -38 Non donnee ... . . 25-85 Proportionnellement au nombre de condamnations des differentes provinces pour I'annee 1905, les Territoires occupent la premiere place dans la classe agricole, suivis de rile du Prince-Edouard, du Xouveau-Brunswick, du Manitoba et d'Ontario, tandis que la Colombie-Britanaique, la Nouvelle-Ecosse et Quebec viennent les dernieres. Dans la classe commerciale la province de jManitoba vient la premiere, suivie de Quebec et de la Colombie-Britannique, avec la Nouvelle Ecosse, le Nouveau-Brunswick, Ontario, File du Prince-Edouard et les Territoires dans I'ordre nomme. Dans la classe domestique la Nouvelle-Ecosse vient la premiere avec Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, le Nouveau-Brunswick, la Colombie-Britannique, les Territoires et Tile du Prince-Edouard dans I'ordre nomme. Dans la classe industrielle les delinquants de la province de Quebec occupent la premiere place avec les autres provinces dans I'ordre suivant : Colombie- Britannique, Nouvelle-Ecosse, Nouveau-Bruns-w-ick, Ontario, Manitoba, I'lle du Prince- Edouard et les Territoires. La proportion des condamnations appartenant a la classe professionnelle est a p'^u pres la meme dans chacune des provinces. La classe des jour- naliers fournit le plus grand nombre de delinquants dans chacune des provinces, et dans cette classe I'lle du Prince-Edouard vient en premier lieu avec les autres pro-vinces dans I'ordre suivant : Ontario, Colombie-Britannique, Manitoba, Nouvelle-Ecosse, Quebec, Nouveau-Brunswick et les Territoires. ETATS CIVIL. Un peu moins d'un quart, ou 23-69 pour cent, des delinquants sont rapportes comme etant marie's, 2-00 pour -cent en veuvage et 62-63 pour cent non marias, contre 24-86, 1-77 et &2-11 respectivement I'annee precedente. 17— B CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 AGES OF THE CONVICTED. 1905. Provinces. Under 16 years. 16 to 21 years 21 to 4( years. 40 years and over Not given. Males. Females Males Fem. Males. Females Males. Females Males Fem. Prince Edward Island . . 2 40 16 197 396 70 24 6 2' 7" 35 5 8 77 12 402 599 84 39 33 ■■"4 1 19 48 9 " i 22 157 49 1,020 1,407 328 313 100 4 .74 83 5 7 2 4 32 25 240 399 50 99 21 7 9' 46 1 2 46 18 89 216 56 113 401 5 New Brunswick Quebec 1 8 7 Manitoba British Columbia 1 1 5 Canada 751 49 1,254 82 3,396 190 870 65 939 28 1904. Prince Edward Island . . Nova Scotia. New Brunswick 2 64 14 118 370 74 14 7 663 2 6 19 7 34 4 61 8 365 519 78 38 31 "'5' 'ie 32 12 18 149 51 848 1,318 222 181 122 1 13 2 63 71 6 •1 7 3 45 14 239 426 34 51 56 8 3 17 31 4 3' 70 30 65- 234 48- 93 295 17 ""i Ontario . Manitoba. . . British Columbia The Territories 14 4 1 9 1,104 65 2,909 164 868 66 835 46 The offenders belonging to the group of 21 to 40 years represented 44 54 per cent for males and 2 • 49 per cent for females of the total number of convictions in 1905, against 43-07 for males and 2-43 for females in 1904. The next higher group, belongs to the offenders of 16 to 21 years, showing 16*45 per cent for males and 1-07 per cent for females in 1905, as compared with 16-34 for males and 0-96 for females in 1904. The next higher group belongs to the offenders of 40 years and over, with 11-41 per cent for males and 0 • 85 per cent for females in 1905, as compared with 12-82 and 1 01 respectively in 1904. The group of offenders under 16 years of age is the lowest for both years : 9 • 85 per cent for males and 0 - 64 per cent for females in 1905, against 9 • 39 and 0-50 respectiely in 1904. USE OF LIQUORS. There were 56-41 per cent of the total number of persons convicted who used liquor moderately and 27-49 per cent immoderately in 1905, as compared with 60-48 and 27-02 respectively the year before; the balance of the percentage for both years representing the non-drinkers and ' not given.' A.S was remarked in a previous report, fewer cases of * not given ' would appear in the table of this report if the officers making the returns would only see that the several columns of the schedules contain the required information. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE 'SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 1905, DEGRE D INSTRUCTION. Le degre d'instruction est a peu pres le meme pour les deux annees. En 1905 les illettres representaient 9*34 pour cent du total des condamnes, ceux ayant une instruc- tion elementaire, 75'01 pour cent et ceux ayant une instruction superieure, 2*14 pour cent, comparativement a 9*75, 75-83 et 2-l'2 respectivement I'annee precedente. AGES DES DELINQUANTS. 1905. Provinces. Au-dessous de 16 ans. 16 h 21 ans. 21 a 40 ans. 40 ans et au- dessus. Non donnes. H. r. H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F. lie du Prince- Edouard . . Nouvelle-Ecosse Nouveau-Brunswick .... Quebec Ontario Manitoba . . 2 40 16 197 396 70 24 6 2 7 35 5 8 77 12 402 599 84 39 33 ■■■■4 1 19 48 9 ""i 22 157 49 1,020 1,407 328 313 100 1 14 4 74 83 5 7 2 4 32 25 240 399 50 99 21 7 9' 46 1 2 "46 18 89 216 56 113 401 5 1 8 7 1 Colombie-Britannique . . 1 5 751 49 1,254 82 3,396 190 870 65 939 28 1904. 2 64 2 4 61 ■■'■5' 18 149 1 13 3 45 Nouvelle-Ecosse 8 70 17 Nouveau-Brunswick. . . . 14 8 51 2 14 3 30 Quebec. . . 118 6 365 16 848 63 239 17 65 1 Ontario 370 19 519 32 1,318 71 426 31 234 14 Manitoba 74 7 78 12 222 6 34 4 48 4 Colombie-Britannique . . 14 38 181 1 51 93 1 Les Territoires _ 7 31 122 7 56 3 295 9 663 34 1,104 65 2,909 164 868 66 835 46 Les delinquants appartenant au groupe de 21 a 40 ans representaient 44*54 pour cent du sexe masculin et 2-49 pour cent du sexe feminin du chiffre total des condamnes en 1905, contre 43-07 et 2-43 respectivement I'annee precedente. Le groupe le plus nombreux venant ensuite est celui des delinquants de 16 a 21 ans, montrant 16-45 pour cent chez les hommes et 1-07 pour cent cbez les femmes en 1905, contre 16-34 et 0-96 respective- ment I'annee precedente. Le troisieme groupe en nombre est celui de 40 ans et audessus representant 11-41 pour cent chez les hommes et 0-85 pour cent chez les femmes en 1905, contre 12-82 et TOl respectivement en 1904. Le groupe des jeunes delinquants au-des- sous de 16 ans etait le moins eleve de tous les groupes pour les deux annees : 9-85 pour cent chez les hommes et 0-64 pour cent chez les femmes en 1905, contre 9-39 et 0-50 respectivement I'annee precedente. USAGE DES BOISSONS. Du nombre de personnes condamnees durant la presente annee, 56-41 pour cent faisaient un usage modere des boissons enivrantes et 27-49 etaient des buveurs immo- 17— b1 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 PLACE OF BIRTH. Out of the total number of persons convicted in 1905, 61 57 per cent were born in Canada, 11 46 per cent were British born outside of Canada, and 15 '79 per cent were born in other counti'ies, leaving 11-18 per cent whose places of birth were not given, as compared with 65-00 per cent Canadian born, 11 68 per cent British born outside of Canada, 12 -.39 per cent born in other countries, and 10 -'93 per cent not recorded in 1904. According to the last census, the Canadian born represented 87 per cent of the total population, the British born outside of Canada 7 ■ 56, and the foreign born 5-18. RELICIONS. The following table shows the position occupied during the last ten years by the principal denominations in relation to crime : — PER CENT RATIOS OF OFFENDERS BY RELIGIONS. Years. 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Anglicans, p.c. Methodists, p.c. 9-5 Presby terians, p.c. Baptist.?, p.c. 6 2 4 2 5 2 5 3- 1 3- 4 2 6 2 1 2 0 2- 3 2 Roman Catholics, p.c. The above table shows an average criminality for the ten years mentioned of 16-4 for Anglicans, 9-7 for Methodists, 7'4 for Presbyterians, 2-8 for Baptists and 40-0 for Roman Catholics. According to the last census the po.sition held in Canada by each of the above denominations in relation to population was as follows : — Anglicans, 12-50 per cent, Methodists 17 07, Presbyterians 15*68, Baptists 5-90 and Roman Catholics 41-50. URBAN AND RURAL OFFENDERS. Out of the total number of persons convicted 5,785 or 75-88 per cent were urban and 1,084 or 14-22 per cent rural offenders in 1905, as compared with 5,042 or 74-65 percent urban and 1,056 or 15-63 per cent rural offenders in 1904, the percentage balance for both years being not given. SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. These offences consist of assaults, breaches of the peace, cruelty to animals, infrac- tions of various laws, such as liquor license Acts, fishery Acts, game laws, masters and servants Acts, railway Acts, municipal and revenue laws and such other offences as vag- rancy, keeping and frequenting bawdy house*, drunkenness, loose, idle and disorderly conduct, etc. The following table gives the number of summary convictions for the years 1905 and 1904:— STATISTIQUE CR IMIJ^ELLE— 1 9 04 . xxi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 deres, contre 6048 et 27 02 respectivement Tannee d'auparavant, la balance du percen- tage representant les temperants et les non donnes. Comme on la deja fait remarquer, notre rapport contiendrait beaucoup moins de cas de " non donnes " si les officiers charges de remplir les formules qui leur sont adressees de ce bureau pouvaient donner tous les renseignements requis. LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE. Du total des delinquants pour la presente annee, 61-57 pour cent sont nes au Canada, 11-46 pour cent sont nes en territoire britannique en dehors du Canada, et 15-79 pour cent sont nes en pays etrangers, laissant 11-18 pour cent dont les lieux de naissance ne sont pas donnes, comparativement a 65-00 pour cent nes au Canada, 11-68 pour cent nes en territoire britannique en dehors du Canada, 12-39 pour cent nes en pays etrangers et 10-93 pour cent dont les lieux de naissance ne sont pa i donnes pour I'annee precedente. D'apres le dernier recensement la population des Canadiens de naissance etait de 87 pour cent du total de la population, celle des personnes nees en territoire britan- nique en dehors du Canada, de 7-56 et celles des personnes nees en pays etrangers de 5 18. RELIGIONS. Le tableau suivant montre la position occupee par les principales religions durant les dix dernieres annees par rapport a la criminalite. PROPORTIONS POUR CENT DES DEI INQUANTS PAR RELIGIONS. Annees. 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Anglicans, p.c. Methodistes p.c. Presby- teriens, p.c. Bai^tistes, p.c. Catholiques romains, p.c. Vi 17- 16 17- 15- 17 16- IS- IS- 16 5 9 1 9 1 9 ■2 9 ■6 9 '7 10 •2 10 •1 9 ■6 9 3 8 76 6-4 7-5 7-5 71 7-4 7-6 71 8-0 2.9 41 2 3 41 2-8 41 31 42- 3 2 38- 2-9 39. 2-9 37 2-6 39 2 8 39- 2-5 38- Ce tableau donne pour les dix dernieres annees une moyenne de 16-4 chez lesangli- cans, de 9-7 chez les methodistes, de 7-4 chez les presbyteriens, de 2*8 chez les baptistes et de 40-0 chez les catholiques. D'apres le dernier recensement la proportion pour cent des principales religions nommees plus haut, par rapport au total de la population, etait de 12-50 pour les anglicains, de 17-07 pour les methodistes, de 15-68 pour les presby- teriens, de 5-90 pour les baptistes et de 41 -50 pour les catholiques. DELINQUANTS DES DISTRICTS URBAINS ET RURAUX. Plus des trois quarts, ou 75-88 pour cent, des delinquants appartenaient aux districts urbains et 14-22 pour cent aux districts ruraux en 1905, contre 7465 et 15-63 respecti- vement en 1904 ; la balance dans les deux cas etant non donnee. CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 SUMMARY CONVICTIONS IN 1905 AND 1904. 1905. 1904. Males. Females. Totals. Males. Females. Totals. Manitoba 6,507 4,592 2,396 19,965 3,965 2,359 9,575 313 282 268 478 1,669 269 121 2,158 18 6,789 4,860 2,874 21,634 4,234 2,480 11,733 331 4,535 3,870 2,265 18,346 3,580 2,527 8.142 399 355 254 604 1,4.37 239 97 1,520 22 4,890 4,124 2,869 19,783 3,819 2,624 9,662 421 The Territories British Columbia.. Ontario Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Prince Edward Island . . . Canada 49,672 5,263 54,935 43,664 4,528 48,192 From the above it will be seen that the number of summary convictions has in- creased by 6,743 or 13*99 per cent during the year. Increases are found in Manitoba, the Territories, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and British Columbia, while New Bruns- wick and Prince Edward Island show decreases. There were 5,263 females summarily convicted in 1905, as compared with 4,528 the year before, or an increase of 16"18 per cent. Increases in the number of females summarily convicted, are found in Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Territories, while British Columbia, Manitoba and Prince Edward Island show decreases. The following table shows the summary convictions according to population by provinces : — NUMBER AND RATIO OF SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. Provinces. 1905. No. of summary convictions. Manitoba The Territories British Columbia Ontario Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Prince Edward Island. . Canada 6,789 4,860 2,874 21,634 4,234 2,480 11,733 331 54,935 Ratio per 1,000 of population. 57 -.53 •50 •77 13 ■39 •81 •27 9 33 1904. No. of summary convictions. 4,890 4,124 2,869 19,783 3,819 2,624 9,662 421 48,192 Ratio per 1,000 of population. 1600 12 •21 •97 •25 •85 •67 •15 •60 As shown by the above, the ratio figures for the western provinces are in every case higher than those from the east, although, as was promised in the last report, some returns have been received from a number of small towns and villages in the eastern provinces from which none had been received before. STATISTIQUE OR IMINELLE — 1 905. xxiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 CONDAMXATIONS SOMMAIRES. Ces delits consistent en voies de fait, perturbations de la paix, cruautes envers les animaux, infractions aux lois diverses, telles que lois des licenses de boissons, lois des pecheries, lois de chasse, lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs, lois des chemins de fer, lois municipales et du revenu, et autres delits tels que vagabondage, tenant, habi- tant et frequentant des maisons de desordre, ivresse, conduite deregl^e, etc. Le tableau suivant donne le nombre de condamnations sommaires pour les annees 1905 et 1904 par provinces : CONUAJINATIONS SOMMAIRES EN 1905 ET 1904. 1905. 1904. Hommes. Femmes. Totaux. Hommes. Femuips. | Totaux. Manitoba Les Territoires Colombie-Britannique Ontario Nouvelle-Ecosse Nouveau-Brunswick Quebec lie du Prince-Edouard 6,507 4,592 2,396 19,965 3,965 2,359 9,575 313 282 268 478 1,669 269 121 2,158 18 6,789 4,535 4,860 3,870 2,874 2,265- 21,634 18,346 4,234 3,580 2,480 i 2,527 11,733 8,142 331 399 355 254 604 1,437 239 97 1,520 22 4,890 4.124 2,869 19,783 3,819 2,624 9,662 421 Canada 49,672 5,263 54,935 1 43,664 4,528 48,192 Tel que I'indique ce tableau, le nombre des condamnations sommaires a augmente de 6,743 ou de 13-99 pour cent durant I'annee. Les augmentations se trouvent dans le Manitoba, les Territoires, Ontario, Quebec, la Nouvelle-Ecosse et la Colombie-Britan- nique, et les diminutions dans le Nouveau-Brunswick et File du Prince-Edouard. II y a eu 5,263 femmes condamnees sommairement en 1905 contre 4,528 en 1904, soit une augmentation de 16-18 pour cent. Les provinces montrant les plus fortes augmentations proportionnelles dans le nombre de femmes condamnees sont Quebec, Ontario, la Nou- velle-Ecosse, le Nouveau-Brunswick et les Territoires, et celles qui accusent des dimi- nutions sont la Colombie-Britannique, Manitoba et I'lle du Prince-Edouard. Le tableau suivant monte les condamnations sommaires proportionnellement a la population par provinces :— NOMBKE ET PROPORTION DES CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES PAR PROVINCES. Provinces. 1905. Nombre de condam- nations sommaires. Manitoba Les Territoires Colombie-Britannique . . Ontario Nouvelie-Ecosse Nouveau-Brunswick . . . Quebec lie du Prince-Edouard . Canada . . 6,789 4,860 2,874 21,634 4,234 2,480 11,733 331 54,935 Proixjrtion par 1,000 de la population. •57 ■53 •50 •77 13 •39 ■81 ■27 9 33 1904. Nombre de condam- nations sommaires. 4,890 4,124 2,869 19,783 3,819 2,624 9,662 421 48,192 Proportion par 1,000 de la population. 00 12 •21 •97 •25 •85 •67 •15 860 xxiv CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS— 1 905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Out of the total number of summary convictions in 1905, 21,621 or 39-40 percent were for drunkenness, as compared with 18,895 or 39-21 per cent in 1901 by provinces as follows : — „ NUMBER AND RATIO OF CONVICTIONS FOR DRUNKENNESS. Provinces. New Brunswick Nova Scotia Manitoba ... Prince Edward Island . British Columbia Qviebec ■ • The Territories . . . . . Ontario • • Canada 1905. 1!MI4. Number. 1,734 2,52!t 3,544 172 1,284 4,781 1,530 G,047 21,621 Per cent. •92 •73 •45 •w; •02 •82 •48 •95 39 40 Number. Per cent. 1,076 2,344 2,505 288 1,258 3,986 1,343 5,465 18,895 63-87 61-38 57-22 68-41 44-90 41-21 32-57 27 -62 39 21 As shown by the above table the number of convictions for drunkenness in Canada has increased bv 14-43 per cent during the year, in the following order : — Manitoba 41-07, Quebec 19-94, The Territories 13'92, Ontario 10-65, Nova Scotia, 7-89, New Brunswick 3-46 Prince Edward Island showing a decrease of 40-28 per cent, and British Columbia of about one third of one per cent. Accordino- to population, the number of convictions for drunkenness by provinces is as follows : — For every thousand inhabitants Manitoba had 10-70 con-victions in 1905 and 8*19 in 1904; Nova Scotia 5-45 and 5-06 respectively; New Brunswick 5-17 and 5-01- British Columbia 5-12 and 5-93 ; the Territories 4-25 and 4*92; Quebec 2-77 and 2-34- Ontario 273 and 2-47 and Prince Edward Island 1-70 and 2.84. The number of females convicted for drunkenness shows an increase of 10-73 per cent during the year and represents 7 - 30 per cent of the total number of convictions for that oflfence in 1905, as compared with 7-50 per cent the year before. BREACH OF STATUTES AND BY LAWS. The next offence on the list of summary convictions is for breach of Municipal Acts and By-laws, for which 8,743 convictions were returned in 1905 against 5,692 in 1904. Of these, 57-35 per cent in 1905 and 64 - 20 in 1904 came from Ontario, 16-18 and 12-57 respectively from Manitoba, 12 59 and 10-45from Quebec, 6-62 and 4 -97 from the Territories, 3-18 and 3 - 27 from Nova Scotia, 3-10 and 3-21 from British Columbia, 0 - 45 and 1 • 09 from New Brunswick, and 0 - 53 and 0 • 30 from Prince Ed- ward Island. ASSAULTS. There were 3,621 convictions for assaults in 1905, as compared with 3,611 the year before, by provinces in the following order : STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905. xxv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 On voit par le tableau precedent que les chifFres proportionnels sont beaucoup plus elevees dans les provinces de I'ouest que dans celles de Test, bien que des rapports, pro- mis Fan dernier, aient ete recus cette annee d'un certain nombre de petites villes et de villages des provinces de Test qui n'en avaient jamais envoye auparavant. Le nombre de condamnations pour ivresse s'elevaifc a 21,621 ou 39-40 pour cent du total des condamnations soramaires en 1905, 'contre 18,895 ou 39 21 pour cent I'annee precedente, par provinces dans I'ordre suivant : — NOMBRE ET PROPORTION DES CONDAMNATIONS POCR IVRESSE. Provinces. 1905. 1904. Nombre. Xouveau-Brunswick . . Nouvelle-Ecosse Manitoba He du Prince-Edouard. Colombie-Britannique . Quebec Les Territoires Ontario Canada 734 529 544 172 284 781 ,530 047 Proportion pour cent. 21,621 69-92 57-73 .52-45 51-96 45 02 40.82 31-48 27-95 39 40 Xombre. 1,676 2,344 2,505 288 1,288 3,986 1,343 5,465 18,895 Proportion pour cent. 39-21 On verra par le tableau precedent que le nombre de condamnations pour ivresse dans tout le Canada a augmente de 14-43 pour cent durant I'annee, par provinces dans I'ordre suivant : Manitoba 41 . 07, Quebec 19-94. Les Territoires 13 - 92, Ontario 10 • 65, Nouvelle-Ecosse 7-89, Nouveau-Brunswick 3 46 ; File du Prince-Edouard indique una diminution de 40 28 pour cent et la Colombie-Britannique d'a peu pres un tiers de un pour cent. D'apres la population le nombre de condamnations pour ivresse etait repi'esente de la maniere suivante dans les differentes provinces, par 1,000 habitants : Manitoba 10 • 70 en 1905 et 8 • 19 en 1904, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 5-45 et 5 • 06, le Nouveau-Brunswick 5-17 et 5-01, la Colombie-Britannique 5 12 et 5-93, les Territoires 4-25 et 4-92, Quebec 2 • 77 et 2 • 34, Ontario 2 73 et 2 • 47 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard T 70 et 2 • 84. Le nombre de femmes condamnees pour ivresse indique une augmentation de 10*73 pour cent durant I'annee, et represente 7*30 pour cent du chiffre total des condamnations pour ce delit en 1905, conti'e 7*50 lannee precedente. CONTRAVENTIONS AUX LOIS MUNICIPALES. Le delit venant ensuite est celui des contraventions aux lois municipales dont le nombre de condamnations s'elevait a 8,743 en 1905, contre 5,692 en 1904. De ces chiffres, 57-35, pour cent en 1905 et 64-20 pour cent en 1904 appartenaient a Ontario, 16-18 et 12-57 respectivement au Manitoba, 12-59 et 10 45 a Quebec, 6-62 et 4-97 aux Territoires, 3-18 et 327 a la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 3-10 et 3-21 a la Colombie-Britannique, 0-45 et 1-09 au Nouveau-Brunswick et 0-53 et 0-30 a I'lle du Prince-Edouard. CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1906. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 ^•u^rBER ok convictions for assaults. Provinces. Ontario Quebec The Territories ^Manitoba Nova Scotia New Brunswick British Columbia Prince Edward Island Canada 1,633 1,691 760 806 539 416 259 204 244 250 105 122 77 113 4 9 3,621 1904. 3,611 As shown by the above figures, slight decreases in the number of summary con- victions for assaults during the year are found in all the provinces, except Manitoba and the Territories. OFFENCES AGAINST LIQUOR LAWS. There were 3,275 convictions for ofiences against the liquor license Acts and other liquor laws in 1905, as compared with 3,018 in 1904 as follows : — NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS FOR OFFENCES AGAINST LIQUOR LAWS. Provinces. 1905. 1904. Ontario 861 858 446 370 327 254 85 74 1,028 Quebec : 583 371 347 375 133 Manitoba 122 59 Canada 3,275 3,018 The above statement shows increases in the number of offenders against the liquor laws in Quebec, Nova Scotia, British Columbia, the Teri'itories and Prince Edward Island, while decreases are found in Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba. VAGRANCY. There were 4,608 convictions for vagrancy in 1905, as compared with 3,847 in 1904, of which 7^1 in the former and 566 in the latter year were females. Out of the above number of convictions, Quebec had 2,048 or 44-44 per cent of the whole in 1905, against 1,745 or 45-36 in 1904, with the other provinces in the following order : Ontario 1,502 in 1905 and 1,246 in 1904, the Territories 328 and 281 respectively, Manitoba 308 and 167, British Columbia 285 and 249, Nova Scotia 85 and 66, New Brunswick 46 and 89 and Prince Edward Island 6 and 4. According to the above figures, decreases in the number of vagrants are found only in New Brunswick. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 905 . xxvii SESSIONAL PAPER No 17 VOIES DE FAIT. Le nombre de condamnations pour voies de fait etait de 3,621 en 1905 centre 3,611 I'annee precedente, par province dans I'ordre suivant : — NOMBKE DE CONDAMNATIONS POUR VOIES DE FAIT. Provinces. 1905. 1904. Ontario Quebec; Les Territoires Manitoba Nouvelle-Eco-sse Xouveau-Brunswick Colombie-Britannique He du Prince-Edouard . , Canada . 1,633 1,691 760 806 539 416 259 204 244 250 105 122 77 113 4 9 3,621 3,611 On voit par le tableau qui precede que le nombre de condamnations pour voies de fait accuse une faible diminution dans toutes les provinces, excepte le Manitoba et les Territoires. DELITS CONTRE LES LOIS DES LICENCES DE BOISSONS. II y a eu 3,275 condamnations pour ces delits en 1905 contre 3,018 I'annee prece- dente, comme suit : CONDAMNATIONS POUR DELITS CONTRE LES LOIS DES LICENCES DE BOISSONS. Provinces. 1905. 1904. Ontario 861 858 446 370 327 254 85 74 1,024 583 .371 Quebec K^ouvelle-Ecosse Les Territoires 347 Nouveau-Brunswick 375 Colombie-Britannique 133 Manitoba 122 He du Prince-Edouard 59 Canada 3,275 3,018 Tel que I'indique ce tableau, il y a eu des augmentations dans le nombre de condam- nations pour delits contre les lois des licences de boissons dans Quebec, la Nouvelle- Ecosse, la Colombie-Britannique, les Territoires et ITle du Prince-Edouard, et des dimi- nutions dans Ontario, le Nouveau-Brunswick et Manitoba. VAGABONDAGE. II y a eu 4,608 condamnations pour vagabondage en 1905 contre 3,847 en 1904, dont 721 des pi-emieres et 566 des dernieres appartenaient au sexe feminin. De ces •chiffres, Quebec coraptait 2,04S ou 44*44 pour cent du total des condamnations pour ce xxviii CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 OFFENCES AGAINST MORALS AND DECENCY. There were 2,036 conA'ictions for keeping and frequenting bawdy houses iu 1905, as compared with 1,984 the year before, of which 1,425 or 69-97 per cent in 1905 and 1,390 or 70-06 per cent in 1904 were females, distributed by provinces in the following order, per 10,000 inhabitants, for 1905 : British Columbia 19, the Territories 6, Quebec 5, Manitoba 2, Ontario 2 and New Brunswick 1. Nova Scotia had 1 for every 50,000 inhabitants and Prince Edward Island none. The convictions for loose, idle and disorderly conduct numbered 2,885 in 1905 as compared with 2,429 the year previous. Out of these convictions Ontario had 2,286 or 79 per cent of the whole in 1905, against 2,112 or 87 per cent of the whole in 1904, the other provinces coming in the following order : Manitoba 244 in 1905 and 152 in 1904, Quebec 193 in 1905 and 56 in 1904, Nova Scotia 62 in 1905 and 23 in 1904, the Territories 57 in 1905 and 72 in 1904, British Columbia 32 in 1905 and none in 1904, Prince Edward Island 7 in 1905 and 11 in 1904, and New Brunswick 4 in 1905 against> 3 in 1904. From the above it will be noticed that the number of convictions for loose, idle and disorderly conduct is almost totally credited to Ontario ; the onl}^ explanation to this is that the same offence must have been tried under different headings in the other pro- vinces such, for instance, as breach of the peace, vagrancy, indecent exposure, insulting, obscene and profane language, etc. The same remark may be applied to Quebec with regard to the large number of convictions for vagrancy in that province. INSANITY CASES. In the number of summary convictions are included 270 cases of insanity in 1905, as compared with 148 the year before. Out of the 270 cases, 96 wei-e from the Territories, 81 from Ontario, 61 from Quebec, 9 from New Brunswick, 9 from Manitoba, 8 from Nova Scotia, 5 from Prince Edward Island, and 1 from British Columbia in 1905, and out of the 148 cases for 1904, 94 were from the Territories, 4S from Ontario, 5 from New Brunswick and 1 from British Columbia. SENTENCES UNDER SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. Out of the total number of persons summarily convicted in 1905, 46,443 or 84-51 per cent were sentenced to the option of a fine, 2,761 or 5-03 per cent were committed without option, and 5,731 or 10-45 per cent had their sentence deferred, &c., as com- pared with 41,286 or 85-67, 2,359 or 4-90 and 4,547 or 9 43 respectively in 1904. The amount of fines, costs or damages imposed in 1905 was $388,283, of which $304,311 was paid by the convicted of the several provinces in the following ratios per 100: Quebec, 23-9; Ontario, 23-8; the Territories, 15-8; Manitoba, 10-6; Nova Scotia, 10-5 ; New Brunswick, 7-5 ; British Columbia, 6-5, and Prince Edward Island, 1-4. The average fine imposed in each province is as follows: Prince Edward Island, .$25.93; the Territories $12.85; New Brunswick, $12.43; British Columbia, $11.50 ; Quebec, $10.83 ; Nova Scotia, $9.57 ; Manitoba, $6.50, and Ontario, $5.15, making a general average of $8.36 for Canada. Of the total amount paid in fines, 33-37 per cent was contributed by offenders against the liquor laws, 21-81 per cent by persons fined for drunkenness and 9-24 per cent by persons keeping or frec^uenting bawdy houses, the three making 64-42 per cent of total amount of fines paid. STATISTIQUE C R I M I ^' EL L E— 1 9 05 . xxix SESSIONAL PAPER No 17 de'lit en 1905, centre 1,745 ou 45*36 pour cent I'annee d'auparavant, les autres provinces venant dans I'ordre suivant : Ontario 1,502 en 1905 et 1,246 en 1904, les Territoires 328 et 281 respectivement, Manitoba 308 et 167, la Colombie-Britannique 285 et 249, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 85 et 66, le Nouveau-Brunswick 46 et 89 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard 6 et 4. Le nouveau-Brunswick est la seule province qui indique une diminution dans le nembre de condamnation pour vagabondage. DELITS CONTRE LA MORALE. Le nombre de personnes condamnees pour avoir tenu, habite et frequente des maisons de desordre s'elevait a 2,036 en 1905, comparativement a 1,984 I'annee d'aupa- ravant, dout 1,425 ou 69-97 pour cent en 1905 et 1,390 ou 70-06 pour cent en 1904 ^talent du sexe feminin. Pour chaque 10,000 habitants en 1905, la Colombie-Britannique comptait 19 delinquants contre la morale, les Territoires 6, Quebec 5, Manitoba 2, Ontario 2 et le Nouveau-Brunswick 1. La Nouvelle-Ecosse en comptait un pour chaque 50,000 habitants et I'lle du Prince-Edouard aucun. Le nombre de personnes condamnees pour conduite dereglee etait de 2,885 en 1905, contre 2,429 en 1,904. De ces chiffres, Ontario comptait 2,286 ou 79-0 pour cent en 1905 et 2,112 ou 87 0 pour cent en 1904, les autres provinces venant dans I'ordre suivant : Manitoba 244 et 152 respectivement, Quebec 193 et 56, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 62 et 23, les Territoires 57 et 72, la Colombie-Britannique 32 et aucun. File du Prince- Edouard 7 et 11, et le Nouveau-Brunswick 4 et 3. Les chiffres qui precedent indiquent que la presque totalite des pei'sonnes condam- nees pour conduite dereglee est mise au compte d'Ontai'io ; I'explication a ceci etailt que ces delits ont du etre expedies sous des en-tetes differents dans les autres i^rovinces, comme par exemple perturbation de la paix, vagabondage, exposition indecente, langage insultant, obscene et profane, etc. La meme remarque peut s'appliquer a Quebec pour expliquer le chiffre eleve la aussi des cas de vagabondage au compte de cette province. CAS d'aliexatiox mentale. Les condamnations sommaires comprenaient 270 cas d'alienation mentale en 1905 et 148 Tannee d'auparavant. Des 270 cas, 96 etaient des Territoires, 81 d'Ontario, 61 de Quebec, 9 du Manitoba, 9 du Nouveau-Bruns-vvick, 8 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 5 de I'lle du Prince-Edouard et un de la Colombie-Britannique, et des 148 cas en 1904, 94 etaient des Territoires, 48 d'Ontario, 5 du Nouveau-Brunswick et un de la Colombie-Britannique. SENTENCES POUR CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES. * Du nombre total de personnes condamnees sommairement en 1905, 46,443 ou 84 "51 pour cent ont ete condamnees a I'option entre I'amende et la prison, 2,761 ou 5 03 pour cent ont ete emprisonnees sans option, et 5,731 ou 10 45 pour cent ont eu leur sentence remise, etc., comparativement a 41,286 ou 85-67, 2,359 ou 4-90 et 4,547 ou 9-43 pour cent respectivement en 1904. Le montant des amendes ou dommages imposes en 1905 s'elevait a 8388,283, dont $304,311 ont ete payees paries delinquants des differentes provinces dans les pi"oportions pour cent suivantes : Quebec 23 • 9, Ontario 23 - 8, les Territoires 15-8, Manitoba 10 • 6, XXX CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-G EDWARD VII., A. 1906 INDICTABLE AND SUMMAUY CONVICTIONS. The following table shows the total number of convictions (indictable and sum- mary) with the number of inhabitants for each conviction, by provinces, in tlie order of criminality for 1 905 compared with 1 904 : CRIMINALITY IN RELATION TO POPULATION. Provinces. Total convictions. Population for each conviction. 1905. 1904. 1905. 1904. Manitoba . 7,398 .5,429 3,472 24,870 4,618 13,798 2,606 368 62,559 5,379 4,654 3,248 22,817 4,253 11,400 2,746 449 45 66 72 89 100 125 128 . 274 57 59 British Cohimbia Ontario 67 97 109 Quebec 149 New Brunswick 122 Prince Edward Island 226 Canada 54,946 92 102 According to the above table it will be seen that the total number of convictions for Canada has increased by 13 "85 per cent during the year, reducing thereby the popu- lation for each offender from 102 in 1904 to 92 in 1905. Manitoba shows an increase of 37 5 per cent in the number of convictions during the year, corresponding to a reduction of 12 in its population per offender, from 57 to 45 ; in the Territories there was an increase of 14*5 per cent in the number of convic- tions during the year, but, owing to a still higher rate of increase in population, the number of inhabitants per offender is also increased from 59 in 1904 to 66 in 1905; British Columbia shows an increase of 6 • 9 per cent in the number of convictions and also an increase of 5 in the number of inhabitants per offender, from 67 to 72 ; Ontario comes next with an increase of 9 per cent in convictions and a decrease of 8 in the number of inhabitants per offender, from 97 to 89; Nova Scotia shows an increase of "t^ Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists. rians. tions. 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- & to Wales nada. — Autr's tants H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's -o 2 • Angle Etats tres sions tistes . tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- i (i'A terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- DC -^n et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. u 3 Galles gers. que. b i' Meurtre. Meurtre, tentative de ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 !.....! 1 .... : 1 1 i 1 . 1 1 i .:':: ■;:;:::::.:" il ! .... 1 1 1 - 1 ... 1 ■ i 1 1 ' I " 1 1 1 1 ... , 1 1 1 1 1 .... '.'.'.'.'. 2 .'..'.''.'....'.'..'..".'.'" 1 2 .... 2 1 1 1 ... 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ••• .. ..1 1 I 1-1 1 .. 1 . :::::: :::■ 1 1 1 1 1 ••■• i 1 4; 1 1 1 1 2 n 2 . 1 " 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 !•••• ! 1 I .. 1 . i 1 1 : 1 1 ' 1 !■ .... i 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 .... I 7 i 2 1 1 i 6 1 2 ' 5 7 1 :::::;! -i- i .. . 1 "i' 1..... ' 1 ' 1 1 ' i 1 ; 1 1 '■ 1 1 1 1 1 ' 9 ' ! i 1 1 I 1 1 ! 1 : 1 ...i .... •••i ::.:.r::v.\.::.: i CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII. A. n'06 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE Was COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETi COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- Con- victed victed 1st. 2nd. Con- Con- dam- dain- nes nes une deux fois. fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 reci di- ves. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^is. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- ' One der year one and year, over Moins d'un an. Un an et plus. Murder, attempt at — Concluded. Manslaughter. Concealing birth of infants. Abortion and attempt to procure abortion. Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 1 1 2 ml Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 1 1" 1 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat .... 1 — Totals of Canada 17 10 1 6 6 .... 1 Montreal, Que .5 2 1 8 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 i Ottawa. Que St. Francis, Que .: 1 Total.s of Quebec 5 .5 1 1 Nipissing, Ont 1 " "l' 2 1 "i 2 Perth, Ont Stormont, D'das & Glengary, 0. . . Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . i Waterloo, Ont i York, Ont - 1 Totals of Ontario 10 3 4 1 2 1 29 6 3 4 4 1 Manitoba, Eastern 3 3 2 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 1 1 1 1 1 1 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat. .... Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 1 1 14 — Totals of Canada 15 15 2 3 Digby, N.S 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 7 9 1 1 1 1 Guysborough, N.S 1 1 Grey, Ont ' "i' 1 1 1 Kent, Ont Leeds and Grenville, Ont 1 Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . . al 2 2 Wentworth, Ont 1 2 2 1 1 1 Totals of Ontario 3 3 1 1 Totals of Canada 5 5 1 1 Montreal, Que 1 1 1 "i" 1 Wellington, Ont Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 1 1 61 1 Totals of Canada 3 1 1 1 1 a Intent to conceal— Intention de suppression. 6 $200 and released on S.S. of 2 years on bonds of $2,000— $200 et liberee sous S.S. de 2 ans sous caution de $2,000. STATISTIQUE CRIMI NEL LE — 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 TiBLEAU I. Outrages contre la personne. Cl.\sse I. SENTENCE. CIVIL OCCUPATIONS. CONDITION. Penitentiary. Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. trielg. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Meurtre, tentative de — Fin. Homicide non premedite. Suppression d'enfants. Avortement et tentative d'avortement. oi' ""i i 1 1 1 1 i 2 2 .... i 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 2 1 2 1 1 o ...... 1 1 .. . 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 "l' 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 "i 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 1 2 7 5 8 1 rtl ' 1 .... 1 1 ••■ 1 \\ 1 1 ■ 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 a Sentence uspended — Sentence suspendue. CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. ^90& Table i. OfiFences against the person. Class I. EDUCATIONAL USE OF JUDICIAL DISTRICTS STATUS. AGES. LIQUORS, IN WHICH INSTRUCTION. USAGE DZ. LIQUECBS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. ta y. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rat& DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. — CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE pable inen- rieure M. F M. F. M. t\ M. F. M. F Mo- Tm- A ETE COMMISE. dt lire ou d'e- tfiire. — — — — — — — — — dere mo- dere cnre. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F M urder, attempt &t— Concluded. Alberta, Nord, Al'ta "l 1 Alberta, Sud, Al'ta \ 1 1 1 Assiniboia, Ouest, Sasket i 1 1 1 1 ;. 3 Totaux du Canada 5 1 9 Manslaughter. Montreal, Que 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 1 Ottawa, Que 1 I'"" 1 St. Fran9ois, Que 1 1 1 t - 1 — Totaux de Quebec 2 3 3 2 Nipissing, Ont 1 Perth, Ont 1 Storm 't, D'das et Gleng'ry, 0 . . Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., Ont. . i 1 1 2 1 . . 1 2 Waterloo, Ont York, Ont — 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 ■| Totaux d 'Ontario 1 2 3 Manitoba, Est 2 1 3 - — Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 1 1 1 Alberta, Sud, Al'ta .... 1 Assiniboia, Est, Saskat 1 1 • Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat 1 — 10 1 2 2 — 1 Totaux du Canada 5 8 8 , .5 Concealing birth of infants. Digbv, N.-E 1 1 1 1 1 Guy.sborough, N.-E 1 1 — — Grev, Ont ' Kent, Ont i i "i' 1 Leeds et GrenviUe, Ont ] Storm't, D'das et Glengarry, 0. . Wentworth, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 — — 1 2 1 3 Totaux d'Ontario 1 1 ... 1 — ■ 1 Totaux du Canada 1 1 3 . . 1 Abortion and attempt to procure abortion. Montreal, Que j Wellington, Out ' 1 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 Totaux du Canada . . ... 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau i. Outrages contre la personne. Classe i. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. Other Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Deno- ^ Eng. ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians. 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- 1 ^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants Autr's — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- •T3 Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- cS q2 terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. sions. '^?. et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. •■3 ^F^ GaUes gers. ques. Q P^ Meurtre tentative de — Fin. ... ,, i 1. . .. 1 : ' 1 1 1 "l' 1 .... 1 1 1 1 1 . . / 5 ... ..... .! . . 1 3 ; 1 1 1 3 3 Suppression d'enfants. Homicide non premedite. 1 ... . 2 3 2 ; 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 5 2 1 3 1 1 1 "'i' 1 "i" ■'1' 1 2 1 1 ■ 1 3 2 1 1 ] i 2 ^ 1 ^ 3 3 3 1 1' 1 1 .... 1 1 1 4 1 9 ....1 7 1 1 5 7 6 1 , 1 L . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 2 . . . . i '2 0 4 1 3 1 4 Avortement et tentative d'avortement. 10 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. .JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETt COMMISE. Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained for Lu- nacy. Nombre d'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed Ist. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- I victed]Reite- 2nd. rated. SENTENCE. COMMITl'ED TO JaIL EMPRISONNjfeS. Con- dam- nes deux fois. Plus de2 recidi With the option of a fine. i Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- j nie'de No Option. Sans OPTION Un- der one year. Moins d'un an. One year and over. Un an et plus. Carnally knowing an imbecile woman. Grey. Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Wellinf'ton Ont 3 9, 1 1 Deserting child. Sodomy and bestiality. St John N.B 2 1 1 1 . Montreal, Que 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Totals of Canada 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 ■Colchester, N. S 1 1 Iberville, Que 1 1 1 1 ... 1 1 - ■ ■Grey, Ont 2 1 ""2 "i "i 1 '2 '"'1' 1 " 1 1 Lincoln, Ont Nipissing, Ont Northumberland & Durham, 0. . . 1 ... ^ 1 "i' Peterborough, Ont Thunder Bay & Rainy River, Ont . . York Ont 1 1 - Totals of Ontario 12 5 7 0 1 .... 1 W^estminster, B.C 2 1 2 2 . 2 Yale B C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat Saskatchewan, Saskat 21 10 11 10 1 2 2 Libel. 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 - York, Ont 1 1 . .. Totals of Canada 4 1 3 3 1 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMIIS ELLE — 1 905, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 11 Tableau 1. Outrages centre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. # Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort vo/es Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 5ants. triels. sions liers. vage.. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq me. rales. Commerce chamel avec une imbecile. 1 ...] |... I l| 1 r~T ' ! li 1 Desertion d'enfants. 1 1 ,. . . . 1 1. . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 I i 1 ' ! ' 1 1 1 .. 1 . .. .. .. I 2 1 Sodomie et bestialite. Libel] e. • i 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 ,.1. . ...' 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 al 1 1 1 1 1 i " i 3 1 1 1 1 .. .1 1 5 2 . . . .j 5 2 2 1 .... .... 1 1' ■ 4 1 1 1 1 9 2 9 al 1 1 1 1 al 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 12 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI Un- able to read or writ*. Inca pable denxB ud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and 40 years under 40. and over. 21 ans 40 ans et moins et plus. de40. ; Not given.' Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Attempt and carnally knowing an imbecile woman. Grey, Ont 1 ... .( --- - 1 ..1 1 .. . Waterloo, Ont .1 Wellington, Ont : i ... Totaux d'Ont. et du Canada 1 ... 1 !-. 1 Deserting child. St. Jean, N.-B 1 .. 1 1 1 — .... 2 Montreal, Que ... 2 1 — — Brant, Ont — ....1 2 .... 1 2 Totaux du Canada . . . 3 1 Sodomy and bestiality. Colchester, N.-E . .. 1 — -- 1 1 - I Iberville, Que. . . . """l 1 1 1 Kamouraska, Que - 1 1 — Grey, Ont 1 1 Lincoln, Ont Nipissing, Ont Northumberl'd et Durham, 0 1 2 ?, Ontario, Ont 1 1 Peterborough, Ont "l Prescott et Russell, Ont. 1 1 1 Simcoe, Ont 1 .... Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv.,Ont York, Ont ■•■'l 1 1 '■.... I - Totaux d'Ontario 2 4 ... I 1 1 2 2 4 1 3 Westminster, Col.-B 2 2 2 .... Yale, CoL-B . I-... — ... Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 1 1 Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat Saskatchewan, Saskat. 1 6 2 1 — Totaux du Canada 3 1 7 I 1 1 7 4 Libel. Montreal, Qae Pontiac, Que. . 1 1 1 1 1 2 i 1 2 111' ... — 1 3 York, Ont 1 . . . j • • ■ - - 1 Totaux du Canada 2 1 ST AT 16 T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E — 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 13 Tablkac I. Outrages centre la pereonne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. LEEUX DE XALSSANCE. RELIGIONS. RESI- DENCE. British Isles. IlES BBirAKXIQCKS. Ca- nada. Uni- ted States Etats- Unis. Other Fo- reign Coun- tries. Au- tres pays etran- gers. Other Bri- tish Pos- ses- sicmK. Autr's poFses sions Bri- tanni- ques. Bap- tists. Bap- tistes. R. Ca- tho- lics. Ca- tholi- ques. Cb. of Me- Eng- tho- land. dists. E^lise Me- d An- tho- gle- dis- terre. tes. Pres- byte rians. Pres byte- rirais. Pro- tes- tants OUier Deno- mina- tions. Autr's con- fes- sions. J w a S 1 .1 Eng- land Ire- Scot- and land. land. Wales Angle terre Ir- Ecos- et lande. ee. Galles o 'u li 1^ Tentative et commerce chamel avec une imbecile. ! 1 , 1 -1 ' 1... ! 1 1 . . 1 .... 1 1 Desertion d'enfants. Sodomie et bestialite. ■ ■ 11 1 , 1 1.. . j 1 1 1 ' . .., 1 1 1 ' 2 ' ' ...:■ 2 . .. j 1 '1 J .... ;..'... 2 1 2 1 1 3 5| 1 -. Litelle. 2 2 '/ 1 ^i ■ i ■■ ■■:! i 1 1 1 < l' ! \..:..\ .-1 1-.L.. 1 1 I ] .3 2 1 2 1 14 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folic. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNilS. Total. Con- Con- victed victed Reite- 1st, 2nd. I rated. Con- dam- nes une deux fois. fois. Con- I Plus dam- 1 de 2 nes recidi- ves. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Rape. Colchester N.S 1 — 1 1 W^estmoreland N. B 1 1 1 1 Ottawa, Que al 1 1 1 — 1 1 al 1 2 1 2 9 1 1 ""i' 1 . . . Grey, Ont Kent Ont 1 2 2 Waterloo Ont . . "2 4 - ml York, Ont 1 3 3 Manitoba, Eastera 1 I 1 1 2 1 1 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat - Totals of Canada 18 9 1 6 4 1 1 1 1 .... 1 Rape, attempt at Cape Breton, N.S Halifax N S 1 2 1 4 1. 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 — Totals of Nova Scotia 2 2 1 1 1 Ottawa, Que •. . St. Francis, Que 1 2 — ' 4 3 1 j 1 Grey, Ont Perth. Ont 1 2 13 1 12 ] 2 1 2 '"'i' 1 1 York, Ont 16 13 3 2 1 1 — 1 1 1 ... i 1 1 1 1 1 .. ! 1 Totals of Canada 26 18 8 6 1 1 ' .. 1 3 a Jury disagreed— Les jures ne se sunt pas accordes. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 190 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 15 Tableau I. Outrages contra la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL ' CONDITION. Penitentiakt. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencieb. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- vears cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over . — -- — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq niort voyes Senten- ans ans A a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et vie. prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns pluj. de Re- teurs . 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de forme. libe- cinq. rales. Viol. Viol, tentative de 1 1 1 1 1 ; i 1 1 i 1 i' 1 ) 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 o 1 . .. . ' 4 1 1 1 .... 1 . .. 1 4 2 4 ::::;;i;::..:- i . . 1 ; . . . 1 1 1 1 ... 2 2 1 1 1 ■,■ " 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1* "'i' 2 1 1 ■ .. -i i 1 1 1 3 1 . ! ' 2 3 2 3 16 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against tt e person. Class I. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE A ]&TE COMMISE. Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. M. F H. F 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de2L M. F. H. F. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et raoins de40. M. F. H. F. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. M. F. H. F. Not given. Non- donne. M. F H. F Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate Im- mo- dere Rape. Colchester, N.-E 1 1 1 — 1 — 1 1 — "l' 1 — — Grey (^nt 1 1 1 Kent Ont 2 2 9. . York Ont — 3 1 3 9i — — Manitoba Est . . . .... — 4 1 1 — 1 Totaux du Canada 6 4 Rape, attempt at Cap-Breton N -E Halifax N -E 1 1 1 1 1 2 Yarmouth N -E 1 — 2 1 1 1 — 1 1 — 1 .... — 1 1 -2 — Grey, Ont Perth Ont York Ont 1 1 1 2 1 — 1 1 1 — 1 3 1 1 1 — 1 1 2 3 — Totaux du Canada 5 2 STATISTIQUE CRIM I N ELL E— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 17 T.4BLEAU I. Outrages contre la personne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. RESI- DENCE. Beitish Isles. Iles Britanniques. Ca- nada. Uni- ted States Etats- Unis. . Other Fo- reign Coun- tries. Au- tres pays etran- gers. Other Bri- tish Pos- ses- sions. Autr's posses sions Bri- taimi- ques. Bap- tists. Bap- tistes. R. Ca- tho- lics. Ca- tholi- ques. Ch.of Eng- land. Eglise d'An- gle- terre. Me- tho- dists Me- tho- dis- tes. Pres- byte- rians. Pres- byte- riens. Pro- tes- tants Other Deno- inina- tions. Autr's con- fes- sions. .2 m a 1 % m .£ -.-1 0 03 .1^ Eng- land and Wales Angle terre et GaUes Ire- land. Ir- lande. Scot- land. Ecos- se. s i ■l. Viol. 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 i j 1 1 I 1 1 1 - 1 ::::, "i 1 1 "'2 " i i' 2 3 2 1 3 .... :::;:; 1 .. . 1... . .5 1 1 2 , 1 ! 1 1 2 4 Viol, tentative de 1 1 1 1' 1 ... J 1' 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .^.! .. 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 ; 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 9. ' • ■ 1 i . 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 4 : 4 17—2 18 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Tablk I. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OtJ L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed Ist. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam- nes deux fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNfe. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou Ta- in'nde No Option. Sans option Un- One der I year one ] and year. over.. Moins Un d'un an et an. I plus. Indecent assault. a One hour in jail and a fine of .$.500 — Une heure d'emprisonnement et une arriende de h One to receive 5 lashes — Un, k recevoir 5 coups de fouet. Cape l^reton, N.S 3 1 4 1 "2 - ml 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 Digby, N.S Halifax, N.S 1 1 Pictou, N.S Totals of Nova Scotia 9 2 1 6 5 1 1 Queen's, N.B 1 2 1 1 1 St. John, N.B 2 Arthabaska, Que 1 2 6 1 2 3 1 'i' 1 1 6 1 1 3 1 1 " "i al Bedford, Que 1 4 1 1 .... Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que 2 1 1 Quebec, Que 1 2 " "i ' 'i 1 St. Francis, Que - St. Hyacinthe, Que Totals of Quebec 16 2 14 S 4 2 2 3 2 Brant, Ont 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 5 2 3 1 2 1 6 2 2 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 12 2 1 1 1 i' 1 1 4 1 1 "i' ... ^. Bruce, Ont "1 i ' '1' 1 Carleton. Ont Elgin, Ont Frontenac, Ont 1 Grey, Ont Haldimand, Ont 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 i 1 1 "i 1 1 1 2 1 1 Haltcm, Ont 1 Hastings, Ont 'ml 1 1 Huron, Ont 1 "i" Kent, Ont 1 Lambton, Ont Leeds and Grenville, Ont "" i Lennox and Addington, Ont Middlesex, Ont Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . . Nipissing, Ont "'1' ... ^. 1 3 1 mi 1 2 1 1 1 " 2 "1 1 Northumberland & Durham, 0 Peel, Ont 1 1 6 Perth, Ont Peterborough, Ont Renfrew, Ont 4 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 Thunder Bay & Rainy River, O. . . Victoria, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 Welland, Ont Wellington, Ont York, Ont 5 4 1 63 1 — Totals of Ontario 71 39 2 30 24 5 1 5 12 7 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 19 Tableau I. Outrages contre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiart. OCCUPATIONS. — — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiXITENCrEH. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans tns A vie kla ce.*!. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq. me. rales. Attentat a la pudeur. 2 2 "i 2 1 1 1 1 1 ■■ T 1 1 1 1 : 1 ' i 4 1 3 ..... 3 1 ... 5 ..... 1 1 1 1 1 al 1 1 1 1 2' 1 l' ""2 "1 3 i 2 1 j al ..... 1 2 1 4 1 1 al 1 1 9 i ' 1 1 1 2 . ..2 3 1 1 1 ,.... 3 1 6 5 9 1 1 ""i' 1 - ■ ■ ■ 1 1 ! 3 1 i 3 3 1 ""'1' 1 "" i " 1* 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 al 2 1 i 2 1 1 1 :: 9. !■■•■■ 1 4 1 1 1 1 al 1 1 t ... ^. 1 4 3 1 2 4t 1 . 6 14 6 21 a Sentence suspended — Sentence susf>endue. 17— 2h 20 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. Un- able to read Ele- or write. men- tary. Inca- pable de lire Ele- men- taire. ou d'e- crire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure AGES. Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. I M. F H. 16 years and under 21. 21 years and under 40. 40 years and over. 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans et moins de2L et moins de40. et plus. M. F. M. F. M. F. H. F. H. F. H. F. Not given. Non- donne. M. H. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DK LIQUEURS Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate Im- mo- dere Indecent assault Cap-Breton, N -E 2 1 2 1 1 1 1' 1 1 1 1 4 1 Digby, N.-E Halifax, N.-E. 1 1 1 1 Pictou N -E. 2 1 1 - 6 3 9. St Jean N -B — 1 — 1 1 1 Arthabaska, Que. . " 1 2 1 "4 .. ^. 1 ""i 1 1 2 1 2 1 5 1 Quebec, Que St. Fran9ois, Que ... "2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 3 1 1 4 4 il'l — Totaux de Quebec 5 7 2 2 10 i 1 1 Elgrin, Ont. 1 1 1 Grey, Ont Haldimand, Ont 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 Huron, Ont 1 1 Kent, Ont . . 1 1 1 Leeds et Grenville, Ont I 1 1 1 1 3 1 Middlesex, Ont 2 2 1 Nipissing, Ont ' 2 1 1 2 Peel, Ont. Perth, Ont 4 1 3 2 1 ?, Peterborough, Ont 1 1 Renfrew, Ont 1 Storm't, D'daset Gleng'ry,0. . . Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv. 0. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Victoria, Ont Waterloo, Ont Welland Ont i ^ Wellington, Ont York, Ont . . 1 2 - 2 8 1 5 1 3 - 1 14 3 12 Totaux d'Ontario 7 20 13 STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE — 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 21 Tableau i. Outrage.' J contre la personne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. — RELIGIONS. RESI- LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. DENCE. British Isles. Other Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Deno- ^ Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch.of Me- Pres- mina- Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. tho- dists byte- rians. > 1 Eng- land. .2 (5 land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- 00 C 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — tes- P= Walbs nada. — Autr's tants Autr's fi .2 — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- ■V -fe Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- ^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. sions. et lando se. stran- tanni- terre. tes. u 3 GaUes gers. ques. O ^^ Attentat a la pudeur. 1 1 1 1 1 ! .-.. ! 1 1 1 2 1 •2 1 ...... ..... 1 1 1 2 .... um: 1 ] i 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 5 1 "i' ..... "6 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 ■•■• 1 i' 3 1 i 1 3 1 1 2 1 10 I 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 . . G 5 1 2 111_ 4 I 1 '""i' 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 "'■3' 1 1 1 ... . . . . . ■ 1 1 1 I 1 1 3 i 1 i "'1' "'i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 "2 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 " i 1 4 '"'1' i' 1 1 — "2 7 1 2 '"■4' 25 1 1 8 7 1 4 17 10 22 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MIT ^ED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A tTE COMMISE. Number of Charges A.C- De- tained for Lu- nacy. quit- ted. Nombre d 'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- Con- victed %ncted Reitp- Ist. 2nd. rated. Con- Con- j Plus dam- dam- { de 2 nes nes recidi- une deux ves. fois. i fois. i SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^s. With : No Option. the — option Sans option. of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde One Un- der year one j and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. j plus. Indecent assault — Concluded. Incest. 2 6 2 3 '"'3' 1 1 1 1 Manitoba, Eastern 3 - 1 1 1 \ ancou ver, B. C 6 a5 4 3 1 1 3 3 2 3 "i 2 61 1 Victoria, B.C 2 3 cl Westminster, B.C — ... Totals of British Columbia. . 15 5 8 8 1 4 1 — Alberta Northern, Al'ta 1 d3 4 1 1 1 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 2 2 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat — ■■:.: ! 2 1 1 1 1 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat Totals of Al'ta and Saskat. . 9 4 4 4 2 1 Totals of Canada 131 57 3 68 53 11 4 9 24 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hastings, Ont ■'l' ""1 1 1 Vancouver, B.C 1 Totals of Canada 5 3 1 1 1 Attempt and carnally knowing a girl of tender years . Ottawa, Que . . 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 St. Francis, Que — 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] Essex, Ont ' 1 1 2 Middlesex, Ont .... Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . . Nipissing, Ont Northumberland & Durham, O.. . . 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 el 1 1 Prescott and Russell, Ont Welland, Ont "2 York, Ont -- Totals of Ontario 19 1 8 11 11 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 "i 1 — Vancouver, B.C 1 i 1 1 1 a One, jury disagreed— Un, les jures ne se sont pas accordes, & 1, Nolle prosequi. h And 12 lashes — Et 12 coups de fouet. c And 20 lashes— Et 20 coups de fouet. d 1, Nolle prosequi. e And 15 lashes — Et 15 coups de fouet. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 23 Tableau I. Outrages centre la p)ersonne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Pknitentiaky. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiNITENCIBB. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. trials. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq. me. rales. Attentat a la pudeur— Fin. *l 2 1 ... 1 . ..! .... 1 2 1 2 ■ al r i 2 1 2 i i 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 '■ .s 1 al 1 1 1 ■■■ ■ 1 1 1 1 . . . . 1 2 1 11 . . .! 4 1 7 1 7 . 8 .... 1 14 1 24 i 15 i . . , . 43 Inceste. 1 J j :::;. di' i 1 j 1 ! 1 1 .. . 1 1 i 1 Tentative et commerce chamel avec une fiUe en bas age. 1 1 1 1 1 1 al 1 61 1 1 1 1 1 "l "i 1 1 .... 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 ' 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 3 1 7 1 1 2 2 1 1 ■ ■ ■ 'A j 1 .... i 1 1 * And whipping — Et a etre foiiette. a Sentence suspenHed— Sentence suspendue. h And 75 lashes — Et 75 coups de fouet. c And 20 lashes— Et 20 coups de fouet. d And three whipping— Et a etre fouette trois fois. 24 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5 5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Clas.s I. EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. LIQUOKS. JUDICIAL DISTEICTS — AGES. INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH - LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. - CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE pable men- neure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire ou d'e- caire. — — - ■- — — — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Indecent assault — Concluded- Manitoba, Centre 2 '> Manitoba, Est 2 1 1 1 1 1 — Vancouver, Col.-B 3 Victoria, Col.-B 2 3 1 1 2 4 Westminster, Col.-B 9 2 4 .. X — 1 .... Totaux de la Col. -Britann . . 5 1 1 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta ..... . 1 1 Alberta, Sud, Al'ta Assiniboia, Est, Saskat "i i' 1 15 2 Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat 1 1 28 — .... Totaux d'Al'ta et de Saskat 2 3 !.. — 13 .. 20 Totaux du Canada 12 42 4 1 5 15 27 Incest. Brant, Ont Hastings, Ont .... Huron, Ont 1 1 - 1 -- Vancouver, Col.-B 1 — Totaux du Canada 1 1 Attempt anc carnally knowing a girl of tender years. « Ottawa, Que 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 Quebec, Que St. Fran^-ois, Que 1 1 1 1 — Brant, Ont 1 1 1 ' 1 1 Essex, Ont 1 1 1 1 Leeds et Grenville, Ont Middlesex, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont . . Ni pissing, Ont . 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 9 2 1 Ontario, Ont 1 "l' i Prescott et Russell, Ont 1 Welland, Ont York, Ont 2 2 2 5 — Totaux d'Ontario. i 10 2 9, — Manitoba, Est 2 Manitoba, Ouest ". 1 1 — 1 — Vancouver, Col.-B 1 STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 25 Tableau i. Outrages centre la personnc Cla 5S I. BIRTH PLACES. . RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other «! Fo- Bri- R. Other ^ o Iles Britanniqces. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- r^: u Uni- ted Pos- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. r ho- byte- rians. mina- > Eng- tries. ses- lics. dists. tions. 1 P lard Ire- 1 Scot- States sions. Pto- a o 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — r, Wales nada. — Autr's tants H j3 — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's 'a Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. thoh- d'An- tho- byte- con- i Q P terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- ^ -a^^ et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. •;3 Sd Galles gers. ques. O K Iriceste. Tentative et commerce charnel avec une fille en bas agf. Attentat a la pudeur- -Fin. 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1... . 2 "l 3 2 1 2 9 "i 2 1 .. "l' '■'2' ' " \ 1 1 2 1 6 2 1 1 1 ...... ::;::|;::::: "i' """i' ... 1 1 1 •• •■!- -1 1 (; 2 6 1 1 45 3 3 1 17 1 14 14 1 1 4 44 18 1 1 i • 1 1 !■ • • 1 i 1 ••■• 1 1 . 1 ....1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ::/:■! \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 i ... . 1 1 "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 2' 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ..... 1 1 2 1 7 I 1 3 5 2 4 7 2 1 2 . 2 1 1 1 I ! 1 _ _J .. . 1 1 ._. .I_ ___i ^ 1 26 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1f06 Table i. Offences against the person. Class l JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- De- d'accu- quit- feations tes. pour cause de folic. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- I victed Reite- 2nd. rated. Con- dam - nes deux fois. Plus de2 recidi- ves. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^s. Withl the I option of a I fine. Sur option entre I la pri- son I OU Ta- rn'nde. No Option. Sans option Un- One der one year. year and over. Moinsj Un d'un 1 an et an. I plus. Attempt and carnally knowing a girl of tender years — Concluded. Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat. . Assiniboia, Western, Saskat. Totals of Canada . 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 - 31 10 21 20 1 bl 10 Seduction. Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que St. Francis, Que 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 al 1 1 1 1 '2 — Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont "i 1 1 1 1 1 1 Carleton, Ont . Middlesex, Ont Norfolk Ont . . . 2 1 1 Oxford, Ont Perth, Ont Simcoe, Ont 1 1 1 1 '" 1 1 1 1 .. .^ 1 .... 1 1 1 Welland Ont Wentworth, Ont ""1' 1 1 Vork Ont 10 1 - 19 1 9 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 Victoria, B . C - Totals of Canada 25 15 10 8 2 2 2 Abduction. Bedford, Que Montreal, Que 1 1 1 " i .. i "1' — 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 ""1 2 1 1 "i 1 1 1 1 1 '■'"i "i' Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . Peel Ont ""i York, Ont 1 . 10 5 5 4 1 3 1 1 i 1 1 j Vancouver, B.C 1 ... a And $50 or 6 months more— Et $50 ou 6 mois de plus. b And 10 lashes— Et 10 coups de fouet. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau I. Outrages contre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitkncier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — tui al. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — De En- Autres — — — - — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- En ans ans A vie k la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- veu- Celi- et et pi son cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. vage. ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. trielfl. sions liera. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Tentative et commerce charnel avec une fiUe en I TPim el dl '"'*i' 1 4 4 1 i 1 1 6 3 3 5 4 1 14 Seduction. ( 1 1 1 ... . " "i' al al 1 1 1 1 el al al 1 i "i' ...... 1 1 1 1 1 1 "i l' ■ a] 1 6 2 1 2 4 1 8 6 2 1 2 5 1 1 9 Enlevement. 1. . . . .. . .... 1 1 1 1 1 1 '" i 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 I 61 1 1 a Sentence suspended- Sentence suspendue. b Reprimanded— Reprimande. And to receive, ^ 6, (19 lashes— Et arecevoir, e 6, d 9 coup.s de fouet. e Convicted, but acquitted on manying the girl — Condamne, mais acquitte en mariant la fille. 28 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class 1. EDUCATIONAL USE OP STATUS. LIQUORS. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES INSTRUCTION. USAGE DK IN WHICH LIQUKUB8 OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ana 21an8 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 9 ns. de21. de40. — CI AIRES OU L' OFFENSE pable men- neure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Tm- A ETE COMMISE de lire taire. Mo- mo- OU d 'e- dere dere cnre. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Attempt and carnally knowing a girl of tender years — Concluded. 1 1 1 2 . 2 . ': 1 ■ ' 15 .1 \.. 1 if ■■! 4 7l....i 6i.... Totaux du Canada 5 | 13 1 2 3 Seduction. Montreal, Que 1 1 1 St. Francois, Que Algcma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . . Brant Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Middle.sex Ont Norfolk Ont "i 1 1 1 Ovford, Ont 1 1 1 1 Perth Ont. 1 1 1 1 Welland Ont Wentworth, Ont York Ont 1 j i' 2 .... I i 6 1 5 1 1 — 1 ■ 8 3 j — ■■:. Victoria, Col. -B .... Totaux du Canada 2 ' 8 2 6 1 1 6 4 Abduction. Bedford, Que Montreal, Que .... i' .... "i' 1 2 1 2 ■ 1 2 1 1 l' 1 1 Peel, Ont i - 1 1 York, Ont ■ ■ 3 4 3 Manitoba, Est Vancouver, Col.-B . i 1 . . 1 .... STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 29 Tableau i. Outrages contre la personne. Classk I. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Fo- Bri- R. Other .... 1 1 ( 1 9 1 1 3 3 3 7 1 1 1 1 i ■ "■" 1 " 2 1 ..,.. 1 ""2 : :: 1 1 .. ' 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 30 CRIMINAL STATISTICS~1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., .A. 1906 Table i. OfiFenees against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETB COMMISE Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained for Lu- nacy. Nombre d'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- Con- victed victed 1st. 2nd. Total. — — Con- Con- iam- dam- nes nes una deux fois. • fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- SENTENCE. COMMITTEn TO JaIL EMPEISONNiS. With ' No OPTION. the : — option^ Sans option. of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. A bd uction — Concluded. Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 1 Totals of Canada 15 8 7 5 1 2 ! 1. 4 Shooting, stabbing and wounding with intent. Cape Breton, N.S 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 ""2 1 " i Colchester, N.S Halifax, N.S 'i' i Queen's, N.S 1 Totals of Nova Scotia 8 1 6 5 1 Westmoreland, N.B a2 1 1 York, N.B - 1 1 1 Montreal, Que 14 2 .3 5 2 2 9 ' i' 9 " i' * 5 2 ... ^ Quebec, Que Three Rivers, Que Totals of Quebec 19 9 10 10 5 3 Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 18 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 5 31 1 ; 2 1 1 1 '"'1' 1 2 "i 1 Brant, Ont 2 2 1 "'i' 1 Bruce, Ont Carleton, Ont Dufferin, Ont Essex. Ont 1 Frontenac, Ont "i 1 1 "i' 1 Hastings, Ont Kent. Ont Lennox and Addington, Ont i 3 "3 Lincoln, Ont i ml 1 3 1 Middlesex, Ont Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont . . Nipissing, Ont 1 1 1 Oxford, Ont 1 "3' Peel, Ont 2 15 1 1 1 2 . ^. "3 17 1 15 1 1 1 1 " i" 1 Perth Ont 7 2 1 Peterborough, Ont Renfrew, Ont Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . . 1 Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . Vict(3ria. Ont "i" Waterloo, Ont Welland. Ont 1 "i' 13 i 1 4 m2 Wellington, Ont '.V 13 "'i' 4 6 Wentworth, Ont 2 York, Ont 2 2 Totals of Ontario 90 28 3 55 48 4 i 3 16 12 4 a One case, jury disagreed — Un cas, les jures ne se sont pas accordes. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 31 Tableau I. Outrages 3ontre la personne Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. PENirENTIAET. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and live D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. ov r. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — D'ux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie hla. ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- Ube- cmq. ms. rales. Enlev 3ment- -Fin. ! I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 5 Usage d'armes avec intention criminelle. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :::::.•::. al 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 i| 1 2 1 2 2 4 ... J 1 1 1 1 2 6 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 .. 2 7 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 '"'i' 1 1 62 2 1 1 1 ai 'i 2 1" 3 1 1 i 1 ' i 6 1 1 1 2 1" 4 1 a2 a6 ■ 1 "7 i 1 1 11 al 1 i' ..... 1 2' 1 1 1 ""2 '""2 '""'i' 14 '"2 3 3 rt2 4 13 4 5 14 1 2 10 2 36 19 35 a Sentence suspended — Sentence susi)endue. h Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix . 32 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Clas.s I. EDUCATIONAL USE OP STATUS. LIQUORS. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DK IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. — CI AIRES OTJ L'OFFENSE pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. delire ou d'e- taire. — — — — — — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Abduction- —Concluded. Alberta, Sud, Al'ta . ! .. 1 .... 4 1 1 2 Totaux du Canada 6 .. ! 1 4 Shooting, stabbing and wounding with intent. Cap-Breton, N.-E 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Colchester, N.-E 1 Halifax, N.-E . . — 1 1 2 1 1 — 2 1 5 Queen's, X.-E. 3 6 1 — — W^estmoreland N. -B . "i "i York, N.-B . 1 2 — 2 4 2 — Montreal, Que Quebec, Que 0 4 1 7 Trois-Rivieres, Que 1 - 2 1 5 1 1 3 2 — Totaux de Quebec 5 5 1 7 - Algoma et Manitoulin Ont 1 1 Brant, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Carleton, Ont ... 1 1 2 Dufferin, Ont 1 2 1 1 1 1 Hastings, Ont Kent, Ont ' "l 2 Lincoln, Ont 1' 1 2 "2 1 Middlesex, Ont 1 1 Nipissing, Ont Oxford, Ont.. '"2 15 1 Peel, Ont ... "i' "2 2 11 1 1 2 7 "i' 1 Perth, Ont 1 8 Peterborough, Ont 1 1 1 Renfrew, Ont Storm't, D'dasetGleng'ry, 0. . . 1 2 1 .... 2 ?, 1 1 1 Welland, Ont Wellington, Out 3 13 "2 1 2 14 38 1 15 33 2 York, Ont 2 1 1 2 8 1 - 2 — 4 Totaux d'Ontario 6 46 2 3 21 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 33 Tableau i. Outrages centre la personne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. — RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. Bbitish Isles. Other Other Iles Britanniques. Fo- reign Bri- tish R. Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Other Deno- 1 Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. > 1 X * Eng- mina- Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- tions. 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- ? -2 Wales nada. — Autr's tants Eh 'C — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's -a Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- a QS terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- CO -^5* et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. ■-S J3 3 GaUes gers. ques. sions. Q ps" Enle vement —Fin. ....1 1 1 i 2 ' ... 5 L ...: . ...i .. . 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 4 Usage d 'armes avec intention criminelle. 1 1 1 i 11 1 9 1 1 "9,' 1 "2' 1 1 . .... . 1 1 1 ' 2 1 1 2 j 1 .. ..| 3 ; 1 1 ; 115 1 "i ! 1 1 1 1 ... I.:::.-.::-!:::;:;:::-:'-!- 1 ... . j . 4 ' i 1 4 . ^ ' 8 . . ...J. . . 1 9 I'" ■ 1 . . 1 5 1 4 9 1 10 ■^" 1 .. . 1 -[ 1 1 ... ^ " 1" 1 2 1 1 1 . . . 1 . . . 2 ..... ..... :;;•: 2 1 1 1 1 1 ""i' ■3' "2 12 i' "i " 2' " i 2 i 1 1 :::::: 1 3 1 6 ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 "is 1 •> 2 J 1 1 1 ... .'" 1 1 1- 1 1 1 .'.'.'.'.'J 2 ' 1 2 2 1 1 1 ::::: :;:;::i:::: ... . "2 ^ 3 7 1 10 |_ 2 8 : 1 6 17 2 .3 m 14 1 23 16 9 1 •> 3 47 8 17—3 34 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A BTB COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNi;8. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes una fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam- nes deux fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi With I *¥ option i of a I fine. Sur [option entre ,1a i^ri- son jou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option One Un- der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Bigamy. Shooting, s tabbing and wob nding with intent— ( 'Concluded. Manitoba, Eastern 25 2 8 - 17 2 14 2 2 1 3 2 6 .... 1 Vancouver, B.C Victoria B C 3 5 2 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 ■ 2 4 2 2 1 Valp R C 1 1 . . 1 — Totals of British Columbia. . 12 3 9 9 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 'i' 1 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat 1 1 2 1 2 "i 1 _7 2 1 1 ' f Totals of Canada 168 53 3 104 93 7 4 26 24 8 Endangering th s safety of passengers on rai ways. Cape Breton, N.S Colchester, N.S 1 1 1. 1 1 1 " 1 - 1 St. John, N.B 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 1 3 1 3 i^uebec, Que ... 2 2 — Brant, Ont 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 "i 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Nipissing, Ont Peterborough, Ont Prescott and Russell, Ont Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . 1 1 ! . . . 1 1 2 1 3 -- 9 7 1 1 6 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 — Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 1 1 — Totals of Canada 26 7 .... 1 19 Ifi 2 1 1 • 7 ' Halifax, N.S. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 35 Tableau i. Outrages centre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiNITENCIER. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and i'ive D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural., cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. _ De En- Autres Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. » rales. Usage d'armes avec intention criminelle — Fin. Exp>osant au peril les passagers sur les chemins de fer. Bigamie. 2 1 a3, 61 ""2 1 9. 13 5 1 12 1 "'i' ai' ' " 2 ! " . . . _ "i 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 61 1 ... . 1 1 1 ::::: ::::: a\ 1 14 9 1 22 7 7 1 ! 15 2 60 36 1 . . . . 64 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 2 a3 1 1 '" i 1 2 1 1 1 1 ':::'.: 1 2 1 2 a\ 1 2 ■[ 2 1 1 1 5 2 ... . 7 a2 ■ 1 [ ■ ■ ■ 1 al 1 1 i 1 1 3 7 1 3 6 3 1 1" a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 6 Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix. 17 — oh 36 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class I. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DK LIQUEUES OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable d€ lire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- ta y. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure • Under years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Shooting, stabbing and wounding with intent — Concluded. Manitoba, Est 3 14 2 1 5 10 1 1 1 14 1 "2 2 3 2 - 1 "i 1 Vancouver, Col. -B Victoria, Col.-B 3 1 1 2 2 9, 2 4 ' 9, Yale, Col.-B . 2 1 1 2 .... 1 2 5' ... 5 — Alberta, Nord, Al'ta . . 1 Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat . . . Saskatchewan, Saskat 2 1 2' _ — 1 1 1 — 13 60 3 15 6 61 Totaux du Canada 16 82 2 7 39 Endangering the safety of passengers on railways. - Cap-Breton, N.-E Colchester N -E 1 1 ... — i 1 1 1 - St. Jean, N.-B 1 1 — 1 2 Kamoura^ika, Que 1 "2 .... — 1 1 ■ Quebec, Que . -— Brant Ont Haldimand, Ont 1 "i 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 6 Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., O. . . Wellington Ont 2 1 6 Wentworth, Ont 2 2 : 1 .... ~- 3 — Totaux d 'Ontario 1 8 3 — Lll' ~ 1 1 1 1 — 4 — 3 7 ... 1 4 — 10 Totaux du Canada 2 13 . .. . 5 Bigamy. Halifax. N. E. STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 37 Tableao I. Outrages contre la personne Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Deno- a -2 Ilks Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch.Df Me- Pres- mina- r3 'G Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. tions. > ■^ Eng- 1 s land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- — j= 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- ^ -s Wales nada. — Autr's tants Autr's H •E — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- '2 "J Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- ^ fl« terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. sions. * -^2 et lando se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. ^?. Galles gers. ques. o P5 Usag e d'armes avec intention criminelle — Fin. 1 1 1 2 1 1 13 .... 1 8 1 1 3 15 1 1 IG i 1 2 1 i i ] 1 .. . 21 a. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -2 : 1 1 1 1 1| 1 2 2 : 1 1 1 .1 2 2 i 7 1 2 ".'.'^V. "{' j 1 ...... ........ .^ 1 .'...1 .. 1 ■ 2 ...1 . . r ' ... ' 1 1 ] 1 1 j 1 ' 1 1 ! 2 4 1 51 ! 5 i 35 2 1 i 44 17 13 1 6 12 ' (i 1 .^5 ' 18 Exposant an peril les passagers sui les ch emins de fer. 1 1 ... 1 1 1 1 1 : i 1 i ! 1 2 1 \ 2 1 i 1 1 1 A. : 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 1 ] 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 7 2 1 3 2 1 2 3 6 1 1 1 1 \ ... , • ••■ , 6 1 12 2 5 5 2 1 2 9 Bigamie. .>?. 38 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-5 EDWARD VII., A. .906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. Number of Charges Nombre d'accu- hations De- tained for Lu- nacy. De- tenus pour cause de foUe. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH Ac- quit- ted. Ac- quit- tes. COMMITTEn TO JaIL Emprisonnes. OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam - nes deux fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- ves. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou Ta- rn'nde No Option. Sans option Un- 1 One der 1 year one and year. ' over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. M. F Bigamy — Concluded. 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 .;:.. ::: :: 2 t Bruce, Ont / 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 6 17 "i' 1 1 1 1 "2 1 1 1 ""i' Lambton, Ont Middlesex, Ont . . 2 Welland Ont i 1 5 1 1 5 ""2 Wellington, Ont. . .... York Ont 1 3 2 3 3 12 12 3 3 Manitoba, Eastern 2 2 2 1 1 Totals of Canada 24 5 16 16 1 1 . . . 4 4 Assault on females. Queen'.s, P.E.I 3 2 1 1 1 Cape Breton, N.S 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 ... ^ 2 1 1 1 Halifax, N.S Pictou N.S. 1 — 7 7 5 1 1 4 2 — Northumberland, N. B York, N.B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — Beauhamois, Que Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que St. Francis, Que. 1 30 1 1 1 1 18 1 1 17 1 "1 1 12 1 11 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 Totals of Quebec 34 12 21 20 1 14 1 Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont Carleton, Ont 2 2 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 " i' 2 1 1 "' i ' i 1 "1 Elgin, Ont Essex. Ont Frontenac, Ont "i" ml "ml '"'i' '"' i' Haldimand, Ont Huron, Ont Kent, Ont 1 1 Lennox and Addington, Ont 2 1 1 1 1 STATISTIQUE. CRIMINELLE — 190 5. 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau I. Outrages contre la personne Classe i. SENTENCE. CIVIL OCCUPATIONS. CONDITION. Penitentiary. Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitenciek. mit- ted to Refor- Two; Other years ma- Senten- and live D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. ov r. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et . et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- . Kbe- cinq. - me. rales. Bigamie — Fin. Voies de fait sur femmes. 1 ' 2 2 a\ 1 "i' 1 1 1 ;::: 1 a2 1 1 al 1 1 5 ■ 1 1 0 2 4 1 i 1 7 11 j 1 I 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 !... . i . . . . 4 ... . ' 11 2 ! 1 i... . S ! 15 .. ., 1 1 .. • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■■■■4 a6 4 8 1 i 16 1 i ' 6 4 4 10 18 1 1 1 "'1' 1 2" 2 1 a2' 61 "2 1 1 2 2 -■ ■ 1 ""2' 1 1 « Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. h Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garner la paix. 40 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against tY e person. Class I. EDUCATIONAL USE OP STATUS. LIQUORS, JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years 1 able to 16 and and 40 years i Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- — — — 16 ans. de21. de40. CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE Inca- Ele- Supe- pable men- neure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire ou d'e- taire. — — — - - — — — — dere mo- dere cnre. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Bieaniv — Ccmcluded. 1 1 1 2 1 ? . .. , 1 1 1 1 Lambton, Ont 1 "i ■:: 1 1 1 1 1 2 Welland, Ont 1 1 .5 1 1 1 5 11 2 13 Wellington, Ont York Ont . . 1 — — 1 2 9 2 1 1 1 10 1 Manitoba, Est ] 1 j — 2 3 1 1 — 2 12 1 ? Assault on females. Queen's, I. du P.-E 1 _ 1 1 — — — 2 2 1 . 5 1 1 1 1 Cap-Breton, N.-E Halifax, N.-E i' 1 Pictou, N.-E 1 1 — Totaux de la N. -Ecosse 1 1 » York, N.-B 1 1 2 ' 2 "l' 3 2 ] 1 — 11 — Montreal, Que 4 1 12 1 4 1 .... 5 .... 1 1 13 Ottawa, Que 1 .... 12 -- Trois-Rivieres, Que 1 - — 1 2 Totaux de Quebec 6 12 14 Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont 1 2 1 1' Carleton, Ont 2 1 1 Elgin, Ont ' 1 Essex, Ont 1 2 . "i' 1 1 1 1 9, "i' 2 1 i Kent, Ont 1 Lanark, Ont Lennox et Addington, Ont 2 1 1 2 STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE— 1905. 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau i. Outrages contra la personne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. DENCE British Isles. Other Fo- Other Bri- R. Other Deno- i x Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- mina- .-:: i- Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte- tions. > "S Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians. i Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- — -c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- % 1 Wales nada. — Autr's tants Autr's H .2 u — — — Au- posse» Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- T3 "S . Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- cS Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays etr an- Bri- ques. gle- dis- rians. sions. ^ d et lande. se. tanni- terre. tes. ■% U ^ Galles gers. » ques. O X Bigamie — Fin. Voies de fait sur femmes. 1 1 ... . 1 1 1 2 ... . . . .| 1 1 1 1 ..... i 1 ] .. . . 1 2 1 1 o 1 ^::::J""1 , ...... . .^ .... 1 1 . . ] 1 3 i i 1 4 ... . ■ 1 .5 1 9^ 1 3 1 4 I 2 . ! 10 1 I 1 '1 1 .. . . 1 2 1 1 1 1 : 9 1 2 i 1 .... i 4 3 4 1 3 ....!.. 1 14 ■ 1 ( 1 1 1 1 .... 1 i ' "i' 1 1 .... 1 1 1 1 . .. . 1 • • 1 ■ "ie 1 i .'.'.'..' ' 1 i ! . .1 14 2 1 16 1 1 ... ,■ ■ : : : 1 1 ..'.'..~ 1 j 18 1 1 :. IH 2 1 1 17 1 ;;:;. 2 2 . .. 1 ... ... ^. 2 2 1 1 2 2 ■ ■ • .. l' 1 1 . ... 1 "i' 1 ■ .;:... 1 •~> , "i 1 "i 1 1 . 1.. . ■■■■i;:.:::r i 2 . . 42 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. OfiFences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- tes. De- sations. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- Con- victed victed 1st. 2nd. Total. — — Con- Con- jam- dam- nes nes une deux fois. fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- SENTENCE. COMMITTEn TO -JaIL Emprisonnes. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou Ta- rn'nde No OPTION. Sans option. Un- der one year. over. Moins Un d'un ; an et an. plus. Assault on females — Concluded. Lincoln, Ont 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 38 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont . . Prescott and Russell, Ont 1 1 Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . Victoria, Ont Welland, Ont 2 1 Wellington, Ont 1 'i 1 1 "i Wentworth, Ont 2 York, Ont 4 2 32 28 3 1 12 10 1 Manitoba, Eastern 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Manitoba, Western 1 — Victoria, B.C Westminster, B.C 5 1 1 1 5 2 5 1 1 5 1 1 3 1 2 Yale, B.C 1 — Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat 3 Saskatchewan, Saskat 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 102 21 2 78 71 4 3 38 21 1 Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily harm. Queen's, P.E.I 6 3 3 1 2 3 — Annapolis, N.S 1 4 2 24 2 1 34 1 3 1 15 2 1 1 3 1 10 .2 1 Cape Breton, N.S 1 1 8 2 1 Colchester, N.S "'"2 ■■'3' ""'i' Halifax, N.S 1 Inverness, N. S 1 Yarmouth, N.S 1 10 1 Totals of Nova Scotia 23 18 2 3 1 3 2 St. John, N.B 5 1 5 1 5 5 Westmoreland, N.B 1 Bedford, Que 2 1 1 1 43 1 2 1 3 1 56 1 1 1 ...... 1 "'i' Gaspe, Que Joliette, Que 1 Kamouraska, Que 1 12 1 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 2 """i 1 "l" ""& "a5' Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que 29 2 1 Quebec, Que "2 1 Richelieu, Que 1 St. Francis, Que 1 1 Three Rivers, Que 33 2 Totals of Quebec 21 18 2 1 6 9 1 a 2, Both jail and $75 each — La prison et $75 chaque. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 43 Tableau I. Outrages contre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- :ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. •Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tui al. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. De En- Autres _ _ _ _ Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- En ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- veu- Celi- et et pi son cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. vage. ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Voies de fait sur femmes — Fin. Voies de fait et lesions corporelles. 1 ' 1 .. ^ 1 a3 al' ' 2 1 1 2. 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 3 9 15 ... 1 6 ' 1 1 "i' 2 1 1 1 1 1 al, 61 1 1 17 2 9 7 22 .36 9 1 •? 1 2 1 1 " "l' 1 1 1 al 3 1 9 ... ^. 1 4 1 7 a8 ■"l' 4 . . . . 3 'i 4 4 2 2 8 9 1 6 5 4 6 7 2 I 14 ! "i 2 1 1 .. .. 1 1 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 4 1 ol 1 1 1 "3 2 "i 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 -i 5 1 1 ""l' al "l 2 1 1 ... ^. 1 3 2 4 3 2 9 10 . .. . 11 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. h Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix. 44 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class I. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS ,JUDI Un- able to read or write. Inca pable de iii'e ud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years aud under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere A ssault on females- —Concluded. Lincoln, Ont 1 ■■ 1 1 J Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont. . . 1 1 3 r Preseott et Russell, Ont Th'der Bavet Rainy Riv., Ont. Victoria,-.6nt Welland, Ont 1 1 .... Wellington, Ont 2 2 1 2 Wentworth. Ont 1 ... . ... 2 1 York, Ont .. .. !.... - ... ....j 1 .... 9 1 -- 1 4 1 1 1 14 .. 8 1 TotAux d 'Ontario 3 U 1 .-.- in Manitoba, Est: 2 1 1 Manitoba, Ouest — .. 1 V.'.'. r ... 5 — , Victoria, Col.-B Westminster, Col.-B 1 1 J Yale, Col.-B 1 1 2 2 33 1 1 - 1 3 14 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta Assiniboia, Est, Saskat Saskatchewan, Saskat 1 — o .. 25 11 1 Totaux du Canada 10 31 1 1 27 Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily harm. Queen's I. du P.-E 3 .... 1... . - : 1 .. 2 .... 1 - 1 1 3 2 Annai)olip, N.-E 1 3 1 12 Cap-Breton, N.-E 1 o Colchester, N.-E 1 1 Halifa.x, N.-E 3 7 3 i;.... 3 1 1.5 2 Inverness, N.-E Yarmouth, N.-E 2 1 i' 13 3 3 ... 1 ... 4 1 - 21 3 Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . . 3 20 - 3 .... 9: 1 — St. Jean, N.-B 1 4 1 V( Westmoreland, N.-B 1 .. 1 1 1 .... Bedford, Que 1 1 1 Gaspe, Que Joliette, Que 1 1 • Kamouraska, Que i ' ] 1 3 1 Montreal, Que . . ... 3 1 1 1 8 .... 1 ...: 4 s Ottawa, Que 1 Quebec, Que Richelieu, Que. i 1 ] 1 2 i 1 . .. 1 St. Francois, Que Trois-Rivieres, Que 1 : ll.. 1 1 1 : .. 1 S — 1 1 1 ........ 13 I . . . 0 — Totaux de Quebec 8 13 1 13 STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 45 Tableau i. Outrages centre la jjersonne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE RELIGIONS. British Isles. i Other Other — Fo- Bri- K. Other a; "5 Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- .^ r 'E Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte- mina- t> "S Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists. rians. tions. 1 s land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — ^ iS Wales nada. — Autr's tants — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's 'o "S . Angle Etats tres sions tistes . tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- terra Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- g ' '^ ^ et lande. se. stran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. •%. «- 3 Galles gers. que. O s^" V^oies de fait sur femmes — Fin. 1 "" i' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 i . 1 '.".:. ..::. .:;;: 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 * i 1 1 j 1 18 ... 1 3 3 • 3 3 4 ! 2 16 3 ' ' ■ r ■ 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■'i' ::;::' " r ■■■ ! i ' L 1 41 2 1 22 5 3 4 5 4 37 1 6 Voies de fait graves et lesions corporelles 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 "6 1 1 1 1 "l 2 ■■3 4 1 1 2 1 3 "2 "1' "'ii' 1 1 2 1 2 I \ 1' 1 • ■• 2 3 10 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 i 17 6 ..... 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 2 "i 8 1 2 1 1 1 3 _ X 10 "2' 1 ..... 2 1 ; • 1 ' 1 ■ . . ■ 1 1 17 1 3 16 1 3 ...j 2 ' ; 14 7 46 CRIMI:NAL statistics — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. .JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A :ete commise. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d'accu- quit- . De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. m. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- Con- victed victed Reitft- Ist. 2nd. rated. Con- dam- nes una fois. Con- Plus dam- de 2 nes recidi- deux I ves. fois. SENTENCE. Committed to .Jail Emprisonnes. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option. Saxs option. Un- der one year, over One year and Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily h arm — Concluded. Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont Brant, Ont Car\e-trtn Ont 1 1 8 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 9, i 1 1 1 6 5 1 3 3 Essex, Ont 1 1 1 2 6 3 '"'i' 3 8 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 2 4 3 3 2 4 15 65 1 1 1 ' i 1 1 1 1 5 3 i 2 7 3 1 2 1 ""2 ■ 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 4 14 63 2 .... 7 1 1 1 "i "i' ... ^. ""2 1 4 1 ""2 1 1 Kent Ont 1 3 « 1 1 5 1 ""i '" i 1 2 1 Leeds and Grenville. Ont 2 i Middlesex Ont 15 6 1 Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . , Nipissing, Ont Norfolk Ont 3 1 2 1 2 Peel Ont . 2 Perth Ont 4 i 1 4 1 2 "1 2 1 "'i' 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 Piescott and Russell, Ont 3 2 3 Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . . Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. 1 "'1' ...... 1 ""2 ' i 1 4 3 2 i 3 6 3 2 6 38 "2 22 i 2 ""9" 25 Wellington, Ont ""1 2 2 23 1 1 York Ont 121 53 1 255 99 150 134 10 6 49 56 11 . rt ^ 1 1 14 1 11 1 9 3 - 2 4 . 6 1 Vancouver, B.C Victoria, B.C 6 4 1 1 5 3 6 13 5 3 6 11 """3' 4 7 1 2 5 I 9 1 3 14 1 1 ""2 Vfllp R C 1 — Totals of British Columbia. . 33 6 27 25 2 14 s 9 — 5 1 5 4 1 1 9 1 1 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 4 3 1 4 3 1 . . . . 3 1 1 1 "'.... 17 ; 8 _9 Totals of Al'ta and Saskat. . 9 9 4 3 1 1 1 1 , Totals of Canada i 423 Il62 . ..i 252 221 20 11 84 88 17 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 47 Tableau I. Outrages contre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitemtiaky. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiNITENCIEK. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and J<"ive D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single iive. over. — — — De En- riutres — — Deux CLaq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triela sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Voies de fait graves et lesions corporelles — Fin. 1 1 1 1 "1 "2 4' 2 2 '...: 1 .... " i' ... ^. 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 :;::: ..... ;:;.. 1 1 "i "4 2 . . .*^ 4 a2 1 al '■ aG al 1 1 3 ""'i' '"'2' 3 3 1 1 "'i' 1 1 1 6 2 "i 2 2 1 1 ".'..'. 1 "2 ] 1 2' 1 2 1 1 2 1 al 2 0 1 1 "i 1 1 1 2 2 :::;: . . '.'.'.'. " " 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 ai ai a3 al6 1 "2 "1 ""2 4 2 * 3 2 2 4 30 1 2 9 58 2 11 5d f 1 1 32 1 13 12 1 16 3 98 70 2 74 rtl 1 7 1 2 1 1 6 5 2 al '. .'. '. . 3 1 3' 3 ■;:. :::;i::::.. 1 1 2 5 "'i' 3 •• -i 1 1 5 13 2 1 1 1 2 7 1 9 16 a 1 i 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1- 1 1 1 ... , i • ! . . . 1 .... 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 ] 1 1 2 1 1 1 16 1 45 22 27 7 33 4 134 Ill 4 122 a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. • 48 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. - 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUOBS. USAGE DE LIQUEUHS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire oud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under; 16 1 years. Moins de : 16 ans. 16 years j and under 21. 16 ans et moins de2L 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moir.s de 40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate MO; dere, Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. ~ 1 F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily harm — Concluded. 1 1 "Rrant Ont , , . Carleton, Ont Elgin Ont 2 4 2 4 2 2 6 2 1 1 1 (xrpv Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 2 1 Kent, Ont 1 1 4 1 Leeds et Grenville, Ont 1 3 8 .... 1 "1' 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 3 1 • \ 14 65 "i' 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 5 1 3 2 Middlesex, Ont. 1" 3 Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont . . 1 1 Norfolk, Ont , 1 "i 1 1 1 1 PppI Ont 2 2 1 "i" 3 2 Perth Ont 1 1 2 1 1 Prescott and Russell, Ont 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv Ont t 1 2 1 2 Victoria, Ont Waterloo, Ont Welland Ont "2" 2 1 2 2 Wellington, Ont Wentworth, Ont York Ont "l - i 7 13 4 12 45 96 3 6 52 87 1 1 1 2 1 12 34 9 5 1 - 13 6 133 2 54 Manitoba, Centre '■4' 1 7 1 i" 9 "2 4 13 19 1 10 "2 5 12 19 1 1 — 5 ~ Vancouver, Col.-B Victoria, Col.-B ... "1 1 '3 4 12 "l" 1 1 1 1 Yale. Col.-B 1 — 1 1 1 1 5 — Totaux de la Col. -Britann . . 2 19 1 3 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta Allif^rts) Snrl Al'to 1 Assiniboia, Est, Saskat "1 1 : 1 20 1 "] 1 1 158 "i' .... 4 2 "1 1 3 1 153 1 1 6 — Totaux d' Al'ta etde Saskat 2 1 1 - 1 5 48 1 18 — Totaux du Canada 26 203 1 3 78 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 49 Tabj jEAU I. Outrages contre la personne Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Fo- Other Bri- R. Other i f. Ilks Bkitanniques. Uni- reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- u ted States Coun- tries. Pos- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. tho- dists. byte- rians. mina- tions. > 1 Eng- ses- lics. « land Ire- Scot- sions. Pro- i 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — — tes- — ^ Wales nada. Autr's tants H 'C — — — Etats- Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's •^3 Angle Unis. tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- a Q x" terre Ir- Ecos- pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- ® -> 5 et Galles lande. se. etran- gers. tanni- ques. terre. tes. sions. '-S 6 |i Voies de fait graves et les ions corporelles — Fin. 1 1 1 1.. 1 6 4 1 "i" 1 4 2 i" "1" " '" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 1 1 6 ... ' 3 1' 3 8 1 1 3 . .. 1 1 1 2 1 1 "i' 2 1 2 1 "'i' 5 7 1 2 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 " i 3 "■2 3 3 1 2 3 9 36 1 1 1 1 2 .... 3 2 ""1" i 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 .... 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1' 2 1 1 2 2 13 64 2 1 "2 "3 10 ■■■■j- 1 ' 3' 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 26 2 "'ii' i 10 ""2 2 J 3 1 3 2 1 17 2 1 13 12 2 96 10 8 6 47 36 20 11 18 4 121 27 i 1 2 1 11 2 1 1 6 9 2 j 5 3 6 13 I 1 5 2 2 I 3 2 '3 1 4 9 2 1 6 1 8 9 4 1 6 6 4 5 27 1 1 1 1 1 " 1' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 17 16 2 152 1 20 23 2 11 92 45 31 15 26 11 200 44 17—4 50 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Cla.s.s I. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CI AIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. Number of Charges Norabre d 'accu- sations. Ac- quit- ted.' Ac- quit- tes. M. F De- tained for Lu- nacy. De- tenus pour cause de folie. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS . Total. Con- 1 Con- | victed victed Reite- 1st. 2nd. rated. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisoxnes . Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- dam- Plus de2 nes recidi- deux fois. Withj the option ' of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. a One, both jail and .Sll — Un, la prison et $11 d 'amende. h Both jail and S34 — Les deux, la prison et §34. ^ \.ssault and obstructing peace officer. Queen's, P.E.I 6 - ml j 5 5 2 3 Cape Breton, N.S Cumberland N.S 34 3 1 2 27 2 . 34 3 1 2 23 2 1 1 26 3 1 2 13 2 1 1 8 33 3 1 2 12 2 1 1 1 Digby, N.S..... Guysborough, N.S Halifax. N.S ' "g ' 4' "5 4 King's. N.S Pictou, N.S 1 1 5 Queen's, N.S Yarmouth, N S 5 j 5 3 — Totals of Nova Scotia 76 4 72 54 U 4 55 9 Charlotte, N.B .... 2 9 2 2 "'9' 9 1 2 8 16 9 16 1 1 " i St John, N.B 16 1 1 York, N.B 1 Totals of New Brunswck. . . 29 29 10 19 27 ■ ■ ! Beaiiharnois, Que Bedford, Que Iberville, Que Montreal, Que 1 1 1 136 I 45 6 1 2 194 3 5 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 4 1 1 3 3 1 2 ;, ' "ii4 1 43 3 1 1 1 1 9 '"2 1 o2 "2 "22 2 - 1 '"2 ■■■4 1 1 130 1 45 6 1 2 1 126 1 19 3 1 1 5 1 Ottawa, Que St. Francis, Que St. Hyacinthe, Que Three Rivers, Que 1 5 1 Totals of Quebec 188 153 26 9 162 17 , Algoma & Manitoulin, Ont 3 5 2 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 5 1 2 1 1 1 3 ■■■'4' "' i 1 "62 Carleton, Ont Essex, Ont Grey, Ont 1 Kent, Ont 1 1 "i 1 1 1 3 ' 2 1 1 4 ' 4 Leeds and Grenville, Ont ' ' i Lincoln, Ont Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . . Nipissing, Ont Norfolk Ont 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 " 2 1 1 ' i 3 Northumberland & Durham, 0 . . . .. . 3 1 2 Perth, Ont STATISTIQUE CR IMIN ELLE— 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 51 Tableau I. OutrageS|^ontre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION, Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiNITENCIER. mit- ted to Two Refor- Other years ma- Senten- 1 and h'lve D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Singla five. over. k — -- — De En- Autres — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et vie. prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns pluj. de Re- teurs . gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de forme. libe- • cmq. rales. Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a un officier de la paix. -1 • 1 1 5 1 4 ■ 1 . . . 1 3 5 21 3 1 10 1 . . . 1 3 2 1 I 1 ■'■■2- ■ '3 ' "7 2 1 .... ^. 1 i a6 1 8 13 1 1 a2 ^ l" 4 1 1 3 1 1 8 1 12 2 8 ■ 21 15 1 30 I al 4. 3' 1 7 3 1 11 1 1 1 ' 1 1 7 .:.... \ 4 4 3 12 1 ■ j ... ': ! 1 1 '■■57 1 1 "79' : ■■' .■■■ ! •■• ' i "33 -21 ""1 ■ ■ ■ "46' ""2 ; a6, 61 1 ■ a2 4 4 2 1 1 1 ' ' 9 1 33 99 1 64 •!« 2 84 !.. i ..__. : 1 1 1 1 2 2 ^ ' 1 1 . ' ' i ""/"al "i' 1 1 3 ! 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 i 1 .:::.■ ;: : : ... a Sentence suspiended— Sentence suspendue. b Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix. 17—41 02 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. LIQUORS. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH - LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 yeai's able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. — CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE ' pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire iiaire. dere mo- • OU d'e- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Assault and obstructing peace offioer. Queen '.s, I. du P.-E 5 4 1.) 3 1 1 f) — 2 ... 20 1 9 Cap-Breton, N.-E Cumberland N E 3 1 10 2 4 Digby N -E 1 2 1 Guy?borough, N -E 20 2 1 ■■"4 Halifax. N.-E 2 16 1 1 "4' 35 2 4 2i 1 King's, N -B. 1 ? Pictou, N.-E. 3 "i' 5 24 2 9 2 i 2 1 .... 31 Queen's, N.-E Yarmouth, N.-E '"'l' 3 5 Totaux de la N.-Ecosse . . 7 39 15 Charlotte N.-B :: St.-Jfan. N.-B 1 13 1 5 1 8 7 7 1 1 York, Ont 1 14 — 1 6 8 1 — 1 14 7 8 — 1 1 1 1 ... Bedford, Que Iberville, Que 1 • •• 1 1 3 Montreal, Que 4 122 1 3 12 90 5 17 1 17 110 Quebec, Que . . 45 2 1 St. FranQois, Qvie 1 3 4 1 3 2 2 97 2 3 — 12 5 18 1 I'll 52 2 4 1 19 1 1 2 Totaux de Quebec 7 127 1 IK) Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . . Brant, Ont 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 .... Es.sex, Ont Grey, Ont 1 1 1 1 2 "l' 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 "i' 1 2 1 2 1 3 9. Middlesex, Ont 4 1 1 4 :■■•• 1 Norfolk, Ont. 3 3 1 1 2 "3' 3 3 1 Ontario, Ont 1 Perth Ont "■ •^ STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 53 Tableau i. Outrages contre la personne. Class i. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other X o Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- rS ;-* Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. i' ho- dists. byte- rians. • • Q f> Eng- ses- lics. tions. 1 Q lar.d Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- a 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- • — %' Wales nada. — Autr's tants H ■E _ — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's 'S « . Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- ^ Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- -^2 et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. •j3 ^?. Gallea gers. ques. O P5 Voles de fait et ferisant obstacle a un officier de la paix. 5 5 1 . , . . 12 1 7 1 1 1 3 . . 1-^ 3 1 1 3 "1 5. 1 9 2 1 ■■■5" 2 4 1 is 5 2 1 "2 .... 19 9. 3 I 1 4 1 5 5 1 32 1 2 5 6 23 7 2 3 .5 .43 3 '14 1 ■ 4 '5 """i "2 2 14' 1 1 ■ 1 15 4 5 1 3 2 1.5 "■3' 1 1 ■ '23 2 1 1 ! 1 ■3" 1 .30' 1 6 . .... '"2 ■ '3' "93 "3 '■'i" 122 ' " ' 5 ' 23 2 1 2 45 1 2 4 2 2| ... G 3 3 139 .5 3 122 3 .. . 1 33 169 11 .... s 3 • • •! 1 1 .... 1 , 2 ' 2" 1 2 2 ■;■:.. "2 "i" ""2 9 ... 1 1 3 " ' 2 1 4 "3 3 1 2 ! . . . . 1 1 1 "3 1 ...... ... 1 1 4 . . : . . . . 1 1 3 Pi 1 3 3 . . . 1 1 !' " " • i 54 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE A ETJfc COMMISE. Number of Charges Ar De- tained for Lu- nacy. quit- ted. Nombre d'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- Con- victed victed Reite- Ist. ! 2nd. 1 rated, Total. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNiS. Con- dam- nes une fois. With the option of a fine. Con- Plus dam- j de 2 nes deux fois. No Option. Sans OPTION Sur option entre ' recidi- la pri- son ou I'a- me'de Un- der one year. over. One year and Moins d'un an. Un an et plus. Assault and obstructing peace ofBcer- — Concluded. Renfrew, Ont Simcoe, Out Stormont, D'das & Glengary, 0. . . Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . 1 5 1 9 2 11 49 1 1 1 5 1 7 / 5 1 9 '" 2 5 1 6 2 2 2 1 10 Well and Ont 9 5 38 8 5 38 1 5 4 30 3 1 5 Wentworth, Ont Vnrk Ont i 1 123 15 107 95 10 2 79 19 1 4 28 3 35 9 1 4 1 1 2 1 4 7 3 26 2 3 23 2 2 20 2 "■3' Manitoba, Eastei-n 3 - Totals of Manitoba 31 28 3 24 3 Vancouver, B.C 2 1 1 1 2 1 ""l ''..' 1 2 1 1 1 3 Yale, B.C — Totals of British Columbia . 15 15 5 4 1 1 1 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 2 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta — Assinihoia, Eastern, Saskat 10 19 5 5 3 1 5 16 4 5 14 1 '"'2' 3 3 11 3 1 2 Totals of Saskatcliewan 34 1 9 25 20 5 17 6 Yukon 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 521 47 1 1 471 378 77 16 379 57 1 Assault and battery. * Queen's, P.E.I 8 , 8 8 8 1 Cape Breton, N. S 23 4 3 1 1 83 6 5 7 20 3 2 3 i' 1 1 6 5 4 5 ""1 1 " 1 1 . . y. . . Cumberland, N.S Digby, N.S » 1 1 1 10 5 4 5 ' i' 6 5 ""i " 3 Halifax, N.S Pictou N S 60 1 1 2 13 ".'.'.'.' .'.'.'.'.. 4 1 Yarmouth, N.S 11 4 Totals of Nova Scotia 133 89 27 23 1 ■ 3 8 16 a One, both jail and S97 or 6 other months— Un, la prison et S97 d'amende ou 6 autres mois. STATISTIQUE C RIM lis' ELLE— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 55 Tableau 1. Outrages centre 1 \ personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Pknitentiart. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mesti" trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over — — — De En- Autres — — — — — Deux Cinq mort vo/es Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 5ants. triels. sions liers. vage. . taires. de Refor- libe- cinq me. rales. Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a un officier de la paix —Fin. 1 al 1 ( 1 al .... 5 1 4 al "i 1 2 1 1 1 3 36 2 4 10 5 1 aS 1 27 1 7 3 6 9 1 57 30 46 al a2, 61 6 "i' "■'e' "ii' 6 18 6 4 6 1 6 11 18 1 :::::; 1 1 ■ 2 1 9 bl 1 a2 2 1 2 1 2 2 . i . . i 1 2 1 ... 1 1 32 5 66 3 49 2 165 109 3 195 Agression avec voies de fait. 1 1 2 1 4 2 6 1 i 1 1 1 a3 2 7 4 4 3 3 2' 0 1 ' 1 3 1 1 i 2 \ .. 19 8 1 16 a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. b Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder to paix. 56 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OP LIQUORS. USAGE DB LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- Eibleto read or write. Inca- pable de lire oud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 pns 16 years and iinder 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and ander 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years md over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne M. F H. F Mo- de- rate Mo- "dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES Otr L' OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE M. F H. F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. Im- mo- dere Assault and obstructing peace officer— Concluded. Renfrew, Ont j 1 1 •1 ^ 5 . Storm't, D'das etGlengarry,0 . . 1 ' "5 1 . 4 . 5 .1 3 2 Welland Ont 7 5 37 6 1 27 54 1 1 3 6 16 2 . . 3 . 1 . 28 . 46 4 4 Vork Ont 1 3 27 . 3 . 1 . 2 . 6 . 2 . y Totaux d 'Ontario 2 75 1 32 , . , p, 3 21 23 1 . 22 .| 22 ! 2 Manitoba, Quest 23 1 Totaux de Maritcba 3 21 2 Vancouver, Col.-B ! Victoria, Col.-B Westminster, Col.-B 1 1 1 1 1 . 3 . 5 . 3 . 4 14 4 . 1 •i 1 Totaux de laCol.-Britann. . 2 1 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 1 ■■ "i' 1 .... Assiniboia, Est, Saskat Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat Saskatchewan, Saskat ""l" ■■■■4 1 .... 2 .... 5 126 1 Totaux de Saskatchewan. . 1 1 4 i 1 in:- 1 22 1 1.57 1 1 Yukon ! 1 . 24 220 9 50 3 Totaux du Canada 21 1 287' 2 3 180 Assault and battery. OnppTi's T dii P -Fi 8 j 6 — - 2 . 3 5 -! Oar, "Rr-ofrm T^ -T?. Colchester, N.-E i " i '"8 4 3 5 1 1 Dio-hv N -V. 1 1 1 1 . 1 ; ' 6 . 2 . 3 . 3 . 15 ■ Halifax, N.-E Pictou N -E 1 r "1 . 2 5 4 4 1 1 1 "'i' j.... 1 3 2 Queen's, N.-E Yarmouth N.-E 1 1 1 .; 2 ! .1 1 2 1 Totaux de la N. -Ecosse . . . 3 21 .... i 2I .1 3 1 15 1 2 1.... 4 9 STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELL E— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau i. Outrages centre la personne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. — • RELIGIONS. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other V. Iles Bkitanniqdes. reign tish Ca- Ch.of Me- Pres- Deno- 'u Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. ^ Eng- tions. Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- a 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — tes- ^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants fi — — — Au- posses Bap, Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's 'V -S Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- fl Q 2 terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- ce r-> eS et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions . S 3 GaUes gers. ques. S Pi Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a un officier de la paix — Fin. 1 1 1 I . . . . 5 3 2 9 'i " 1 1 3 2 ""2 ""2 26 2 2 1 3 2 2 6 1 7 1 2 3 14 "'6' 5 4 3 10 38 6 5 4 60 2 5 1 28 18 n 14 8 1 71 10 2 8 5 1 7 ...^. "i '.'.'. ". 1 1 I 8 2 3 1 9 19 : 6 1 8 -2 3 10 5 1 9 7 4 4 2 19 ; 7 ..... .... 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 i ■ " . . ■ 1 a2 al a2 2 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 al ai' 1 ""2 1 1 3 1 , . . . - 1 12 '■"3 6 ' 6 - 1 1 1 1 , 2 1 6 1 1 1 3 1 1 7 1 •-> 1 '.". 3.... 1 ' 1 1 1 3 al al' 1 1 1 1 al al 2 3 3 3i 1 1 1 2 1 ai 2 1 2 a Sentence suspended— Sentence .suspendue. h Bound to keep the peace— Tenus de garder la paix. 60 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Clas.s I. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USB OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM MITTED. DISTRICTS .. JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CI AIRES OU LOFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Assault and battery- - Continued. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 King's X -B. 1 1 1 — -- 1 2 1 .S 1 1 "2' 2 1 "i' 1 - Arthabaska, Que. . 2 2 1 "> Joliette, Que Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que 5 5 43 2 3 4 1 .... 31 4 4 1 5 1 1 16 1 4 26 22 7 Quebec, Que . . "3 1 2 3 St. Frangois, Que. 2 9 1 1 2 8 3 6 1 1 5 - 1 7 1 .... 1 2 .50 3 ?. 5 11 1 18 5 40 12 66 4 38 Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont 2 2 7 1 1 1 3 3- 2 1 3 9, 1 2 4 1 I 1 4 1 1 "2 2 Elgin, Ont 3 1 "1 rirfiv Ont 1 1 Hastings, Ont 1 1 3' 12 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 Kent, Ont Lambton, Ont Lennox et Addington, Ont 3 12 1 2 7 1 4 1 4 1 1 "1 3 1 7 2 1 1 2 6 1 Nipissing, Ont , i i' 2 1 1 Northumberl'd et Durham, O. . . Ontario, Ont Oxford, Ont ' "i' 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 I 4 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 Storm't, D'das et Gleng'ry, O . . . Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., Ont. . Victoria, Ont 1 2 1 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 90 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 61 Tableau i. Outrages contre la persoune Classk i. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE — . RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles, i Other Other [ Fo- Bri- R. Other OQ Eng- ses- lics. dists tions. 1 a land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- 1 and land, land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — ^ Wales nada. . Autr's tants H u Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's m . Angle Etats- tre& sions tistes. tholi- d'An tho- byte- con- ^3 terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays etran- Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- ? c3 t; et lande. se. tanni- terre. tes. sions. P ^ Galles [ gers. ques. O w Agression avec voies de i&xx,- Suite. 1 1 1 1 ' " '■ ' ' 1 1 1 :;::': ::::: 1 ..... 1 1 1 ' 1 3 .. ... 1 1 1 3 r ' ■ , 1 2 2 1 .37' 7 1 ' 2 '"2 "i' 1 1 ; 1 2 1 "46' 7 3 1 ' i 6 '44' 7 I 1 13 4 .... 3 3 3 11 1 1 2 1 9 2 2 1 9 1 1 2 \ 1 2 ■ 1 j 1 } 67 13 .. . 67 2 3 4 6 57 21 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 i ... .1 3 7 1 ! 2 1 2 2 i 1 1 ; 1 i 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 , ■3 11 1 2 3 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 ' i 3 12 1 1 4 5 1 3 1 1 1, 2 1 ::::: 4" 4 3 5 1 4 1 3 1 3 ' i' 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 ... "1 • •"■' ••• 1 ""1' ' 1 5 2 , • ■• 2 2 2 1 2 5 i 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 . . 2 3 62 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OIJ L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. .tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam - Reite rated, Plus de2 Con dam nes ] nes recidi une deux ; ves, fois. fois, SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonnes. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Refusing or neglecting to support family. Assault and battery— Cmicluded. Waterloo, Ont.. 1 5 4 23 57 1 5 2 16 52 1 5 2 16 50 3 2 15 44 1 i Welland, Ont 1 Wellington, Ont 2 6 5 1 4 1 York, Ont 2 .... ( ... 227 57 3 163 151 9 3 109 40 3 13 8 1 1 4 2 12 4 2 12 4 ] 5 4 1 i 6 Manitolja, Western — 24 1 23 11 32 16 6 1 16 3 12 1 18 18 IC 7 — Cariboo, B.C .... Vancouver, B.C 7 8 20 15 7 7 17 14 1 3 1 2 5 16 9 5 Victoria, B.C 3 Westminster, B.C 3 Yale, B.C 6 Totals of British Columbia. . 83 33 1 1 i 1 50 45 5 . . . 32 17 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 25 18 21 13 3 5 3 5 1 1 2 4 ' Totals of Al'ta 43 34 8 8 2 6 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat. . Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 34 18 31 25 13 23 9 4 7 9 4 7 1 8 4 6 Totals of Saskat 83 61 2 20 20 1 18 Yukon . . . . ... 6 .T 1 1 1 24 Totals of Canada 740 312 5 399 371 1 21 1 7 226 148 1 Cape Breton, N.S Cumberland, N.S 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 Halifax, N.S 6 1 3 1 Lunenburg, N.S. ! Westaioreland, N. B 1 ... . 1 1 ' Montreal, Que 2 m ' i' 4 "'5' 3 '■"5' 1 ... ■■3 a4 St. Francis, Que St. H j'acinthe, Que ""2 '.'.'.'.'.'. 1 Totals of Quebec 12 1 9 8 1 3 6 1 a One, both jail and S25 — Un, la prison et h 1, Nolle prosequi. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 63 Tableau i. Outrages contre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PilNITENCIEK. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other • years ma- Senten- and i<'ive D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- vears cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort. voyes Senten- ans aris A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et 'it prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Agress ion ave c voies de fait — Fin. ! 2 1 1 i' 1 5 18 "i 1 al 1 2 2 1 3 1 4 11 40 11 al 28 14 8 11 16 1 1(>1 60 1 81 1 ] 2 1 3 al 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 1 6 4 6 1 1 3 11 1 2 1 3 6 ""i" 1 3 5 3 4 1 1 7 al 3 1 15 12 ' [ 1 16 12 1 12 7 1 35 1 1 1 1 1 ' '1 2 2 '.'.'. ...\ al ""l " ' 1 ■"l" 1 1 1 1 25 27 4.5 9. 41 R 175 134 4. 174 Refus oi 1 negligenc< 3 de po iirvoir aux besoins de la faniille. 1' 1 al 1 % .... 1 1 4 ■■"5 4 '" "5* 1 1 .... 9 9 a Sentence suspended — Sentence .suspendue. 64 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class I. EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. LIQU0B8. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DB IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de2L de40. - CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mc^ Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire ou d'e- taire. — - — — — — — — dere mo- dere cnre. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Assault and battery- -Concluded . 1 4 2 14 44 1 1 1 12 28 86 "3' 1 "3' 26 i 1 2 2 12 41 101 Welland, Ont 9 W^ellington, Ont Wentworth, Ont 2 1 4 15 28 "e' 21 1 6 3 10 1 4 York, Ont 1 1 - 5 Totaux d'Ontario 9 131 2 41 ... Manitoba, Centre. 1 1 - 1 5 6 ISIanitoba, Est . . 1 G 1 7 1 — 1 Totaux de Manitoba 1 G 1 Caribou, Col. -B "l' 4 7 18 11 Vancouver, Col. -B 3 6 15 10 34 1 1 7 2 1 ■3 15 12 30 1 1 4 Westminster, Col. -B 2 1 - 1 1 2 5 Yale, Col.-B .... 3 6 - Totaux de la Col.-Britann . . 3 40 1 9 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta ... :::::: 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 6 9 4 6 19 1 Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 1 - Totaux d'Alberta ... . 2 1 — •■Vssiniboia, Est, Sask 1 Saskatchewan, Sask 1 1 "6 1 1 199 — 1 — Yukon Totaux du Canada 28 277 4 7 40 201 7 52 1 85 105 Refusing or neglecting to support family. Cap-Breton, N.-E "'i' "i' 1 Cumberland, N.-E 1 1 Halifax, N.-E 1 Lunenburg, N.-E — 1 — Westmoreland, N.-B T 1 — Montreal, Que 1 3 2 2 4 St. Francois, Que ... St. Hyacinthe, Que 4 1 4 6 .... 1 3 5 — — Totaux de Quebec 5 4 9 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 65 Tableaux I. Outrages c'ontre la personne. Cla ss r. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Fo- Other Bri- R. Other i Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- .'- 'u Uni- ted Pos- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. > Eng- tries. ses- lics. dists tions. 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States ions. Pro- fl 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — iS Wales nada. — Autr's tants H _ — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's 'V -4-3 Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- cS G^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- eg b et lande. se. etran- tanni- • terre. tes. sions. ■^ ii?. GaUes gers. ques. O rt Agression avec voies de [ait— ^TO. ! .\ ■ 1 ' 1 1 1 3 2 16 46 1 2 "3" ' i 1 2 14 30 0 1 "2' 4 9 . I 1 1 2 5 6 15 45 3 3 7 17 1 3 5 2 11 S 2 103 1 17 1 3 30 20 30 9 117 25 i . i 1 4 1 ■ 1 1 "3' 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 2i 7 4 2 1 2 7 4 1 "6 7 16 12 1 2 2 4 8 3 3 3 7 1 3 2 " 7' " 2' 1 1 4 5 3 2 1 1 2 1 7 6 1 4 1 ■ 6 4 2 17 8 7 11 1 5 7 3 5 8 41 4 1 "'1' 1 ! > 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 2 ! 1 — 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' I , ■ j I"'" ■ 22 13 4 222 10 45 1 .. .. 11 142 44 29 36 18 28 246 69 Refus ou negligence de pourvoir aux besoins de la famllle. "1 ] 1 "i 1 1 1 . 1 ... 1 4 1 4 4 5 5 9 5 1 1 1 9 9 66 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VIL, A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folic. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con dam SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPKISONN]feS. With [ No Option. Con- the — victedj Reite- option! Sans option. 2nd. I rated. Con- Plus dam- de 2 nes ' nes recidi- deux fois. une fois. of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde Un- j One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. I plus. Refusing or neglecting to support iamily— Concluded. 3 2 t) 2 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 9 1 2 3 1 1 2 20 65 "l" "l" ■3" 3 I 1 1 3 1 5 1 1 al 3 1 2 Essex, Ont Frontenac, Ont 61 Grev Ont 2 3 1 ■■5' 1 2 3 3 1 "5' 1 2 2 1 1 1 8 6 2 .. . . ....'. 1 1 1 E.': Kent, Ont Lambton, Ont Middlesex, Ont 1 2 4 Perth Ont . i 1 al 1 I 1 8 6 " i' 1 4 Wellington, Ont vVentworth Ont 1 12 59 York, Ont - 13C 1 1 84 46 42 2 2 8 9 — 1 1 1 cl dl 1 !.:;:: "::" ' ! 1 1 i. 1 4 , 159 P4 60 1 54 3 3 i 13 i 17 Various oth er offences against th H person. Antigonish, N.S 1 1 I 1 .... 1 — York N.B 1 1 .. .. 1 1 — 1 Beauharnois, Que Montreal, Que 1 10 7 1 1 1 i 1 9 5 '"'1 "1 1 1 1 1 1 7 4 .. . 7 St. Francis, Que 1 Terrebonne, Que ' 1 - 20 , 8 1 .... 12 8 4 8 2 ] Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont 1 2 1 1 2 1 i .... 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 "i Dufferin. Ont 1 2 Elgin, Ont "" i' ... 1 1 Middlesex, Ont 1 . ... 1 ! 1 Ordered to pay — Ordonne de payer : a §4, 6 .S3, c §5, d SIO weekly— par semaine. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 67 Tablead I. Outrages eontre la personne. Classe I. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Pknitentiaky. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitenciek. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and J^'ive D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- vears cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. Deux Cinq — De mort. En- voyes Autres Senten- — — — — — — — — — ans ar.s A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeH- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Refus ou negligence de pourvoir aux besoins de la fajniWe- -Fin. c3 1 9 3 1 "3 1 1 5 1 1 " 1 , al al 3 1 62 I 2 3 1 1 "'■5' 1 1 3 1 1 1 8 6 1 a4''::.::: 1 i. 4 al al a2 al al 1 1 3 1 1 "■■■4 6 1 _^ _ i * al a2 4 i 1 28 1 2 12 1 29 44 1 ' 1 ! ' ;' 1 1 i 1 1 .... 1 29 I 3 13 1 40 55 2' Divers autres outrages eontre la personne. 1 J !..___.'__. 1 . . .; , 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 ■ ■ 1 ! 1 al 3 2 4 4 5 1 1 ! 1 ^lli ... 1 3 1 2 1 4 5 6 al 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 "'i' 1 1 1 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Cautioned — .A.vertis. c Acquitted, but children given to Children Aid Societv— Acquittes, mais les enfants confies a la Societe de Secours. 17-51 68 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against the person. Class i. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEUBS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire oud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ?ns. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 yearl and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES OU L' OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Refusing or neglecting to support family — Concluded. Brani Ont 3 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 Bruce. Ont 1 1 4 1 1 fi Essex, Ont 1 Frontenac, Out 1 Grey, Ont Haldimand, Ont 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Hastings, Ont 3 1 Kftnt, Ont Lambton, Ont i Middlesex, Ont 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 8 G 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 ' 2 "i 1 1 2 13 ,S Perth, Ont Peterborough, Ont 1 1 Simcoe, Ont 1 1 1 1 Waterloo. Ont 1 Welhngton, Ont Wentworth, Ont 1 2 3 18 1 1 6 3 27 7 York. Ont 4 — 1 -^ Totaux d 'Ontario 2 43 32 Vancouver, Col.-B X 1 1 Westminster, Col.-B 1 - — — 15 Totaux du Canada 8 51 33 1 25 1 44 Various other offences against the person. Antigonish, N. -E 1 1 1 — York, N.-B 1 — 1 1 1 1 — 1 4 Beauharnois, Que Montreal, Que ' 3 1 . . 6 1 7 5 Quebec, Que j St. Frau9ois, Que Terrebonne, Que .... 1 . . . . 1 2 1 1 — 1 1 8 — 6 Totaux de Quebec 3 8 . . .. . 5 — Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. ... ... . Carleton, Ont 1 ... 2 . 1 2 1 1 1 1 Dufferin, Ont ! 1 Elgin, Ont i. ' . . . Huron, Ont i 1 1 1 Middlesex. Ont i .... 1 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 69 Tableau i. Outrages centre la personne. Classe I. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other S -8 Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- 'f-i •c Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists. byte- rians. mina- tions. >- Eng- 1 « land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- — _ — — — — — tes- — ■& Wales nada. — Autr's tants H 'C — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's t; 05 . Angle Etats tres sions tistes . tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- c3 Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- at liknde. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. "43 5 3 Galles gers. que. 5 fS" Diversautres outrages contre la personne. Refus ou negligence de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille — Fin. 1 2 1 6 I 1 1 2 ' i" 3 "i" 1 1 ■ " ' ' « . . 4 1 1 2 3 I 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 .... 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 6 4 2 1 1 2 5 1 1 i i '.'.'.'.'.'. 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 8 6 "i "i' 2 ' 3 1 ■■4" 1 1 2 ... 1 1 1 5 1 38 1 1.5 8 8 2 9 2 40 5 1 i .... 1 1 1 1 1 1. ... ! : 1 1 ... 50 1 26 10 8 2 9 3 .o4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 "3 1 8 "' i 1 6 '" "3 1 1 8 3 10 1 7 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1' 1 1 TO CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property with violence. Class ii. .JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS .JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ET^'COMMISE. Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained for Lu- nacy. Nombre d'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. 1 M. F. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- i Con- victed victed Reite- 1st. ! 2nd. rated. Con- Con- ! Plus SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^s. dam- nes une fois. dam- de 2 nes recidi deux ves. fois. With the option ! of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- me'de No Option. Sans OPTION Un- One der I year one and year. I over. Moins ' Un d'un an et an. '■ ; plus. Various other offences against the person — Concluded. Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . . Northum-berland & Durham, O . . . Oxford, Ont 2 i 2 1 3 33 13 66 "2 1 1 1 1 1 ..' 1 1 Simcoe. Out 1 2 12 2 1 2 12 1 1 Wellington, Ont '21 11 39 1 1 ■■■bi:::::: W^entworth, Ont York, Ont 2 1 Totals of Ontario 25 22 3 8 n 1 Manitoba, Central 2 2 1 1 .-- 1 ] — Alberta, Northern, Al'ta I 3 1 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 3 Saskatchewan, Saskat o 3 1 1 1 Yukon 3 102 2 56 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 43 34 9 18 10 1 Burglary and having burglars' tools. Class ii. Annapolis, N. S 1 1 6 1 1 3 1 1 1 '"'2' .' ■■ Cumberland, N.S rtl Halifax, N.S 2 1 1 1 Totals of Nova Scotia 8 1 2 1 i 1 11 I 1 5 3 2 1 Joliette. Que 16' 1 1 2 1 "5 1 1 2 1 "4 1 Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que 1 1 Pontiac, Que ^ . . . . Richelieu, Que 2 ' - - j 1 St. Hyacinthe, Que 1 1 — Totals of Quebec 17 i 2 15 !(• 4 1 2 Algoma & Manitoulin, Ont 3 1 14 4 1 4 2 2 2 7 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 "i 1 " i '"2 Bnxnt, Ont 1 1 2 i " i Elgin, Ont 7 2 1 4 2 2 2 7 2 1 1 Essex, Ont 1 Grey, Ont Haldimand, Ont Huron. Ont .... Leeds and Grenville, Ont "2' Lincoln, Ont .... 2 1 Middlesex, Ont 3 i Nipissing, Ont Peel, Ont Perth, Ont i a Attempted .burglary — Tentative de vol avec effraction. STATISTIQUE CKIMIIS ELLE— 1 9 05 . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 71 Tableau 1. Delits avec violence contre la propriete. ClASSE II. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitenciee. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over — — — De En- Autres — — — Deux Cinq mort vo/es Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage.. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq me. rales. Divers autres outrages contre la personne -Fm. 1 . . . i 1 ; 1 1 1 i cl al, 61 1 1 6 1 .... ^. 8 1 1 1 ' 'fi 1 4. 1 a2 1 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 7 1 13 12 13 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' I 1 t . . . . 1 ■ ■ ■ 1 j 1 .... 1 ■ '■ 1 1,3 1 r, \ 9. 1 10 1 4 18 19 09 — "' Vol a\ec effraction et ay ant en possession des outils de voleur. Classe II. 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 i 2 1 9 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 j ""2' 1 6 2 a2 ::.: t 10 1 1 1 1 al ; 1 ^ 1 1 I I 7 3 3 3 6 1 13 a2 1 1 1 3 1 a4, 62 1 1 1 6 ::::: i 2 ] 1 2 2 a2 2 "'i' 1 4 2 2 1 4 2 2 1 ... . 1 1 1" 1 2 4 a2 2 6 2 1 1 1 1 . . 1 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 6 Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix. c To leave town — A laisstr la ville. T2 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property with violence. Class il EDUCATIONAL USE OF JUDICIAL DISTRICTS STATUS. AGES. LIQUORS. IN WHICH INSTRUCTION. USAGE DB LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. ta y. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICrS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. — CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. t<\ M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. dt lire oud'e- t.iire. — - - — — — — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Various other offences against the person — Concluded. Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont . . Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . 1 1 1 1 i 1 12 2 1 ' l' 1 1 5 1 1 Oxford, Ont 1 1 11 "i 2 5 1 14 1 Wellington, Ont 1 Wentworth, Ont 7 York, Ont - 1 2 1 17 1 1 Totaux d'Ontario 2 22 1 n Manitoba, Centre . 1 1 1 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta — 1 — Yukon 1 - ...|.... 1 29 1 8 ^2 - 1 23 Totaux du Canada 5 1 34 2 3 18 Burg ary and having burg] ars' tools. Class n. Annapolis, N.-E 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 Cumberland, N.-E 1 Hahfax, N.-E 2 3 ?. — 1 — Totaux de la N.-Ecosse . . . 5 . . . 9. — Joliette, Que Montreal, Que 10 1 3 3 1 4 5 "i" 5 Ottawa, Que i 2 1 Pontiac, Que 1 1 Richelieu, Que St. Hyacinthe, Que 9, 1 Totaux de Quebec 3 11 4 ^ 4 5 2 1 — 6 1 8 Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . . Brant, Ont . . 3 1 9, Elgin, Ont 7 2 1 4 2 1 2 7 2 1 1 6 6 1 Essex, Ont 2 9, Grey, Ont 1 "2" 1 Haldimand, Ont . 3 4 Huron, Ont '"'i' 1 1 Leeds et Grenville, Ont 2 1 7 1 9, Lincoln, Ont 1 I 1 1 1 1 Middlesex, Ont 4 Nipissing, Ont 1 1 1 Peel, Ont Perth, Ont 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau i. Delits avec violence contre la propriete. Classb ii. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Fo- Other Bri- R. Other Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians, tions. 1 9 land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- a 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — S Wales nada. — Autr's tants H *Sh — — — , Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's -C "S Angle Etats- tre& sions tistes. tholi- d'An tho- byte- con- c3 Q^ terra Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- ? c8 >- et • lande. se. stran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. !i 3 Galles gers. ques. o fS ' Divers autres outrages contre la person ne—Z'm. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 " i" 4 1 5 2 1 1 1 12 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 20 2 1 7 9 4 3 1 1 21 4 1 1 1 1 2 i ' 1 1 1 2 1 1 i ,. 32 i 2 4 19 11 5 '3 2 1 30 11 Vol avec effraction et ayant en possession des outils de voleur. Classe II. 1 1 . ... 3 j 1 "1 1 "i' 3 1 1 1 2 5 .... 2 J.^11 1 4 1 1 1 2 ... ^ ""i 1 5 1 1 2 3 2 1 10 1 ' i 2 1 11^ l| l| .... 1 9 3 0 1 13 1 3 2 1 2 1 "1 6 2 1 4 2 2 " 1 2 "2 2 1 1 1 "1 ""i 2 4 1 7 2 "2 2 2 2 5 2 1 ■■■■3 1 '2 2 7 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 i 1 1 74 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property with violence. Cl.\ss II. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of ' quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam- Reite- rated. Plus •de 2 nes jrecidi- deux ves. fois. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^s . With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option Un- i One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Burglary and having burglars' tools — Concluded. Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . . Victoria, Ont 3 2 1 3 2 1 28 3 2 1 18 3 ....^. 1 Welland, Ont 1 1 ... 10 York, Ont 29 \ 1 4 - Totals of Ontario 79 11 2 1 2 3 . 68 52 4 12 1 .... i 19 8 Manitoba, Central and Western . . . Victoria, B.C 3 1 2 1 1 1 Yale, B.C 1 — Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 8 8 Totals of Canada 122 26 9.5 rt9 10 16 23 8 House and shopbreaking. Queen's, P.E.I " 5 - 1 2 2 2 Cape Breton, N.S Halifax. N.S 13 4 3 6 6 1 11 2 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 5 1 2 2 '2 1 " i 1 Hants, N.S King's, N.S Pictou, N.S 2 5 1 1 Yarmouth, N.S — Totals of Nova Scotia 33 2 1 2 1 2 19 1 14 12 2 3 1 Albert, N.B 1 1 " 1 2 1 ■■■'2 1 Charlotte, N. B 1 ' i 1 Kirg's. N.B St. John, N.B 2 ""2 Westmoreland. N. B Totals of New Bruns%vick. 8 iT 2 al73 3 21 2 3 .5 3 2 2 Bedford, Que .... (iaspe, Que Montreal, Que 11 2 5 2 82 1 4 2 1 1 75 '" i 11 3 2 161 35 '■"5' 1 44 "io" 2 5 Richelieu, Que - 19 2 St. Francis, Que Three Rivers, Que Totals of Quebec 212 16 195 94 45 56 2 78 5 Brant, Ont. 4 29 1 3 6 1 23 1 1 16 1 ■ "4 Carleton, Ont 3 .... 4 Essex, Ont a One, left the country — Un a laisse le pays. STATISTIQUE CR IMINELLE— 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 75 Tableau I. Delits avec violence contre la propriete. Cr.ASSE II. SENTENCE. CIVIL OCCUPATIONS. CONDITION, Penitentiaet. Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two; Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et vie. prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns pluo. deRe- teurs . gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de cinq. forme. libe- rales. Vol avec effraction et ayant en possession des outils de voleur — Fin. 2 1 . .V 3 1 2 2 2 1 23 l' 1 4 8 1 ai 1 2 2 27 8 15 ' ?i 1 H 4 2 8 42 4 1 63 .. i .... ; 2 "'i' 3 1 3 1 2 !■■•• ' J 1 20 20 8 T^ 4 1 2 1 3 13 55 7 2 82 Bris de maison et de magasin. 1 1 2 1 ' 2 1 1 .... 1 .... 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 ' "1" 1 2 " 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 a2 4 1 1 6 2 2 4 7 i 2 ! 11 al al ! •■•■■ 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 2 1 0 1 ' 1 2 ' 3 2 1 4 5 1 ao 1 9 2 79 11 1 2 149 22 3 . 3 a48, 63 17 5 40 1 12 . . 5 i 5 2 2 1 alO 6 12 2 14 1 35 5 4 66 23 5 40 1 104 18 177 1 aij' " ' 2' ■ '5 1 '2' 1 2 21 1 1 suspended— Sentence suspendue. 6 Bound to good behavior — A tenir une meilleure conduite. CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property with violence. Class II. EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. LIQUORS. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or nien- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de2L de40. — CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire ou d'e- taire. — — — — — — — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Burglary and ha ing burglars' tools- —Concluded. Thunder Bay et Rainy Riv. Victoria, Ont 0. '"2 3. ... ^. 27 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 ■"1 ::: Welland, Ont ii .... 1 16 1 York, Ont - 1 1 - 28 48 TotaTix d'Ontario 2 64 2 10 16 37 4 ■:^0 Manitoba. Centre et Ouest .... — 1 1 2 — Victoria, Col.-B 1 2 1 3 Yale, Col.-B .... 1 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 3 - — Saskatchewan, Saskat . — 21 47 8 5 — 57 Totaux du Canada .... 6 83 2 14 34 House and shopbreaking. Queen's, I. du P.-E.. 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 "5 — 1 1 1 2 .2 1 — Cap-Breton, N.-E 2 1 Halifax. N.-E 2 2 1 5 1 "i' Hants. N.-E King's, N.-E 1 ■• "i Pictou, N.-E •• 3 1 7 1 1 Yarmouth, N.-E 1 — 5 1 • • 10 1 Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . . : 11 2 1 3 Albert, N.-B 1 1 "i Charlotte, N.-B 1 King's N.-E St. Jean, N.-B ... 1 2 5 6 1 46 ii' 2 66 1 Westmoreland N -B 2 — 9, — 2 7 Totau.x du N. -Brunswick 2 3 3 . " 3 1 00 — Bedford, Que 2 1 13 '" 8 9 1 147 "ii 2 '" 1' 2 is' 4 •/ Montreal, Que 1 1 5 '5' 10 1 1 100 ii' 2 120 1 23 1 61 Richelieu, Que St. Francois, Que Trois- Rivieres, Que "s' Totaux de Quebec 24 170 1 20 1 96 75 Brant, Ont . .... 1 14 1 "1 1 16 Carleton, Ont 8 :: 2 5 1 Essex, Ont STATISTIQUE C RIMIN EL L E— 1 9 0 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau i. Deiits avec violence contre la propriete. Classe II. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch.of Me- Pres- Deno- 3 i Uni- Omin Pos- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. _y- • „ t> Eng- ted tries. ses- lics. dists - tions. 1 « land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- a ■I and land. land. Ca- — — i— — — — — tes- — g -2 Wales nada. — Autr's tants H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's T3 » . Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- N Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- -^f. at lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions . ■J 2 3 GaUes / gers. ques. o ^ Vol avec effraction et ayant en possession des outils de voleui —Fin ' "2 "16 1 2 ] 1 ■ 2 1 1 2 2 1 "ii' .... 1 1 1 ■'l !'"8" 0 3 2 - 8 28 1 47 7 13 2 , 21 11 10 4 5 14 .58 10 1 1 1 1 1 2 ;::.:. 1 2 1 1 1 j 1 ' 1 .... j ; j 1 j 3 63 10 1 In 2 1 33 16 11 6 1 16 78 13 Bris de maison et de magasin. 2 ... 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 ""'i' 2 1 4 1 "1 " "i" 2' 1 1 .... 1 1 1 '.'.'.'.'. 1 /. . ""2 2 2 2 '3 1 1 '"'i' "i" " i 2 3 1 9 1 4 4 3 1 10 ! 3 1 1 1 " 1 1 1 2 1 1 . .^. 1 ... . 1 2 1 3 ... 2 1 2 1 1 2 Q 1 11 1 137 ""'ii' i .... "3 " '3 .'..':..\""2 8 3 11 1 1 1 1 159 1 8 1 1 121 "13' 2 30 ! ! " 3 2 3 2 6 7 12 9 1 9 1 1 166 12 6 2 145 31 3 2 9 3 167 28 1 23 1 12 1 23 1 ... ^ 8 "i 2 i 78 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property with violence. Class ii. Number of Charges Nombre d 'accu- sations. Ac- quit- ted. Ac- quit- tes. De- tained for Lu- nacy. De- tenus pour cause de folie. C( , CON Total. 3NVICTI0NS. DAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH Committed to Jail Emprlsoxn^s. OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. Con- victed 1st. Con- jam - nes une fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam- nes deux fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- ves. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No OPTION. Sans option. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE Un- der one year. Moins d'un an. One year and over. Un M. F plus. House and shopbreaking — Concluded. Grey, Ont Haldiuiand, Ont 6 1 3 15 2 2 3 1 2 4 2 7 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 5 129 « . , . . . . 1 3 8 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 6 2 .1 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 4 100 1 ' 2 ! 1 2 3 1 1 "3 . 1 .... 1 2 Kent, Ont Lambton, Ont ...» Lanark, Ont Leeds and Grenville, Ont Lennox and Addington, Ont Lincoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont . . Nipissing, Ont Northumberland & Durham, 0 Oxford Ont 1 2- 1 "i 1 6 1 1 "' i' 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 5 1 '"'1' 1 1 2 : 1 Perth, Ont Peterborough, Ont Renfrew, Ont ■ Simcoe, Ont Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. .'. Victoria, Ont • 1 2 3 63 2 1 1 1 24 1 i 29 1 1 37 1 2 York, Ont — • 13 12 232 58 ! 174 112 40 22 ; 55 21 Manitoba, Eastern 50 1 3 47 1 27 1 9 11 3 1 1 — ■D n 8 8 3 1 1 2 2 7 6 1 1 7 4 1 1 1 Victoria, B.C Westminster, B.C. . . .' Yale, B.C 2 1 - Totals of British Columbia. . 20 5 15 13 2 2 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 7 5 2 3 5 2 5 2 3 1 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat Assiniboia, Western, Saskat Saskatchewan, Saskat 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 ... ^. 1 3 — Totals of Canada 580 117 462 273 98 91 3 147 32 Robbery— Highway. St. Francis, Que ■ ■ 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 47 ■'i' 15 3 "32 3 '30 "2 2 ..... ...^^ 1 Welland, Ont York, Ont '"'2' Totals of Ontario .51 16 35 33 2! .:.... 27 3 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau I. Delits avec violence centre la propriete. Classe II. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION Penitkntiabt. Com- OCCUPATIONS. ETAT CIVIL. Penitekcier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. Deux Cinq — De mort En- voyes Autres Senten- — — ' — — — — — ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. trielg. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq me. rales. Vol de grands chemins. Bris de maison et de magasin— i^m. 1 j [ 1 1 1 a2 "'l' 1 1 X 2 2 1 1 5 1 1 7 ri2 o2 2 2 2 "2 1 1 6 2 1 al al 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 " "i 1 . 1 i ill 1 2 " "3 ... 1 1 2 1 "'3' 1" 3 1 ai 1 3 2 2 1 . 3 1 12 52 e" 4 21 .... .5 a25 .... 1 94 29 10 i . . . . ! 6 53 1 6 23 79 11 1 156 2 7 1 5 a29 6 9 6 6 6 1 40 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 ...... i " "1 ' 2 3 ' 3 1 .... 6 1 1 1 8 2 3 2 3 . ... 1 2 i 1 9 1 1 «. i-'v i 1 1 1 1 1 1 83 24 20 153 2 42 7 1 75 1 ! 201 40 2 401 1 1 1 ' 1 3 3 :::: .I.:... 3 a2 31 4 28 3 2 ■ , 34 ' 4 31 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 80 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property with violence Class ii. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUOKS. USAGE DK LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable delire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de2L 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CI AIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere House and shopbreaking- -Concluded. Grey, Ont , Halrlimand, Ont 1 1 8 2 2- 1 i' l' 3 1 1 2 - "s' 2 1 Kent, Ont 4 2 2 1 Lanibton, Ont Lanark, Ont 9. 1 1 1 Lennox et Addington, Ont .... .... 1 Lincoln, Ont. . . . 2 1 1 5 2 1 "i 2 2 1 1 4 1 Middlesex, Ont 1 1 6 1 1 Muskoka et Parry Sound, 0 Nipissing, Ont North um berl 'd et Durham, 0. . . 1 *> 1 1 Oxford, Ont. 1 Perth. Ont 1 1 1 Renfrew. Ont 2 I 1 9, Siuicoe, Ont . . 1 Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv.,Ont. . Victoria, Ont 4 1 2 4 100 1 2 1 "2 35 66 11 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 Waterloo, C^vie . ... 1 1 2 47 62 5 1 - 2 2 93 146 47 1 1 6 "'i' 8 Wentworth, Ont :::. 9, York, Ont 16 2 2 4 1 7 6 Totaux d 'Ontario 11 155 2 36 22 Manitoba, E.st 3 44 ' "i 28 Manitoba, Ouest 1 1 i 1 5 "l 6 4 1 1 1 — Vancouver, Col.-B 2 6 '""i "s' Victoria, Col.-B Westminster, Col.-B Yale, Col.-B i 1 3 Totaux de la Col.-Britan. . . 1 9 3 2 1 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 1 "l • 1 1 Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 1 1 — Assiniboia, Esi,, Saskat Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat .... Saskatchewan, Sask 3 171 1^0 1 16 1 20 — 336 Totaux du Canada . 42 395 6 90 106 Robbery — Highway. St. Frangois, Que 1 ! .. 1 1 1 1 2 — 3 Brant, Ont 3 1 Welland, Ont York. Ont 32 - 7 9 21 22 4 4 23 26 9 — Totaux d'Ontario 35 9 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Table AC i. Delits avec violence contre la propriete. Classe II. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other S ^ Ilks Britanniques. Uni- reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- •c ted States Coun- tries. Pos- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists. byte rians. mina ^ "S Eng- ses- tions. Q land Ire- Scot- sions. Pro- s i and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — — tes- — ^ "8 Wales nada. Autr's tants H 'S — — — Etats- Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's TS X Angle Unis. tres sions tistes. thoH- d'An- tho- byte- con- g Qx terre Ir- Ecos- pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- oc •^ % et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. St^ Galles gers. ques. o tf ^ Bris de maison et de magasin — B'in. Vol de grands cheiuins. 1 _ _ _ 1. . . . 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 6 2 2 1 4 1 6 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 ' i 2 2 . 1 1 r::::. \ i 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 6 2 1 1 1 1 .... 1 1 2 ""2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 ■ ■ ■ 1 "i "'3' 4 100 3 1 '3 ' 1 2 1 1 '"2!" ..'.'.'.' ""'3' 6 3 89 2 20 40 ! 13 8 i 3 .... 141 9 5 2 5 40 48 1 26 26 15 : 7 160 -9 5 28 14 2 22 6 5 3 7 1 2 41 6 ... ; 1 ! 1: 1 1 1 i 2 4 "i 1 7 6 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 ' I.. .. 7 2 1 1 1 1 6 15 1 " i 1 1 1 1 i .... ■ ' ' 'i 25 4 2 358 i 24 28 2 11 216 90 36 1 34 39 13 398 51 1 1 1 1 1 3 28' 3 3 i 2 ""i 'ie' "12 "i' 2 "32 1'/!! 1 1 1 2 1 31 1 1 16 ! 12 1'! 2 L 3 35 17—6 82 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 Table i. Ofifences against property with violence. Class ii. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MIT rED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CI AIRES Otj L'OFFENSE A lETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. I Con- Con- ' jvicted victed Reii*^- 1st. I 2nd. i rated. Total. Con- Con- Plus dam- dam- de 2 nes nes recidi- une deux fois. fois. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^s. With the option of a fine. Siir option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- I One der 1 year one ! and year. I over. Moins Un d'un i an et an. I plus. Robbery — Highway — Concluded. Victoria, B.C 1 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 54 17 .. 37 34 2 1 ! 27 3 Robbery and demanding with menaces. Cape Breton, N.S 1 1 1 1 — i Halifax, X.S Westmoreland, N.B 1 1 1 — Arthabaska, Que 1 21 1 1 10 Montreal, Que St. Hj'aeinthe, Que ml 10 4 1 4 2 2 — Totals of Quebec 23 11 1 11 5 4 2 2 Brant, Ont 1 3 4 1 1 \ 3 1 6 5 1 3 "l' i' 1 1 "6 4 18 Carleton, Ont " 2 ■■■'2 Frontenac, Ont Huron, Ont _ 1 3 - LamVjton, Ont Northumberland & Durham. O.. Perth Ont 1 1 1 Wellington, Ont Wentworth, Out York, Ont 1 Totals of Ontario 30 12 6 4 2 Manitoba, Eastern 9 ^ 6 3 3 Vancouver, B.C 3 1 3 1 Westminster, B.C - Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 71 38 1 32 16 11 5 4 Robbery, assault and Colchester, N.S 2 - 2 , 2 Northumberland, X. B 3 3 3 — Kent, Ont 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 Middlesex, Ont Wentworth, Ont 2 4 ....^. 2 1 2 1 York, Ont 9 5 1 STATISTIQUE CRI MINELLE— 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 83 Tableau I. Delits avec violence contre la propriete. Classe II. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiaet. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiNITENCEEK. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Uo- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — tural. cial. mestic trial, sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. De En- Autres Deux Ciaq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et pnson cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. trielB, sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq. me. rales. ^ Vol de grands chemins —Fin. 1 I 1 4 1 , .. 1 2 35 4 . . 33 Vol et demandes avec menaces. Vol, voies de fait et o Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. .... 1 .1 - - . . . 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 5 2 "i al 3 7 1 3 7 1 5 o 1 1 j 3 8 3 8 1 ■■■■4" 4 4 al a3 ■■3 1 1 2 1 al al " i' 1 1 1 1 ... . al 1 i /• 1 1 5 7 4 1 1 1 ' 4 3 8 1 5 . . 1 2 .... 1 1 i ! ^ 1- • 6 1 1 'i . .(. . 12 7 1 8 4 3 6 ifi 6 24 2 ... 2 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 84 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. OflFences against property with violence. Class ir. EDUCATIONAL USB OF STATUS. LIQCOR8. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — . AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moirs et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de 40. - CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire oud'e- tal re. — — - - - - - — — dere mo- dere cnre. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Robbery -High way- -Concluded. Victoria. Col.-B 1 1 10 :i^:: 1 27 — .... 23 4 Totaux du Canada 37 10 Robbery and demanding with menaces. Cap- Breton, N.-I^. Halifax, N.-E. Westmoreland. N.-B. Arthabaska, Que . . . . Montreal, Que. ... St. Hyacinthe, Que. Totaux de Quebec Brant, Ont Carleton, Ont Frontenac, Ont Hastings, Ont Huron, Ont Lambton, Ont ._. Northumberl'd et Durham, O. Perth, Ont Wellington, Ont Wentworth, Ont York, Ont Totaux d'Ontario Manitoba, Est Vancouver, Col.-B... Westminster, Col.-B. Alberta, Nord, Al'ta... Saskatchewan, Saskat. . Totaux du Canada . 10 11 29 23 1 2 17 13 Robbery, a,ssault and Colchester, N,-E 2 - 2 ..► - .... 3 1 2 3 1 Northumberland. N.-B 3 Kent, Ont 1 Middlesex, Ont Wentworth, Ont 2 2 4 1 4 1 York, Ont 4 .... STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 85 Tableau i. Delits avec violence centre la propriete. Classe II. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. — RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. Other Other Iles Britanniques. Fo- reign Bri- tish R. Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Other Deno- ^ Uni- Pos- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. > 1 Eng- ted tries. ses- mina- 9 land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- tions. 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — tes- % ■*^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants EH H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's 73 Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- a Qi^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- S -sg et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. ^? Galles gers. ques. sions. o tf Volde grand i cheinins —Fm. .... ! 1 1 1 1 2 1 33 1 . ..1 1 17 12 1 2 4 37 1 Vol et demandes avec menaces . 1 _ j 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 2 i . . . 1 5 IS... 1 6 1 3 1 10 1 2 '1 ' »! 1 j 7 3 1 10 1 1 "l' " 3 4 4 i 3 1 1 5 .... 1 ., 1 1 "l 3 "i 1 1 1 "'i' 6 1 1 1 1 ' 11 j ..... . 3 3 2, 1 2 6 ] 5 1 1 2l 2 1 5 ]^ .. ■ ■ - — ^^ i ' 2 ! 1 1 24 1 1 1 12 6 4 4 23 S Vol, voies de fait et 2 1 2 ' 3 ... 3 3 1 1 1 I ■■■ ■ .... 2 4 ... 1 2 2 1 ! .... 86 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against proijerty with violence. Class il JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. I Committed to Jail EMPRISONNi;S. Total. Con- victed let. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed Reite 2nd. rated, Con- Plus dam- de 2 nes recidi deux ; ves. fois. With the option of a line. I _ '[ Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- im'nde No Option. Sans option Un- One der year. one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Robbery, assault and- -Concluded. 14 7 — 7 4 ... 1 3 ' 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 ■ 1 1 1 Yale B. C 1 .... — 1 1 1 1 1 — Yukon 1 25 1 10 ! .... 15 12 . .. i 3 '.... 1 3 3 Offences against property without violence. , Warehouse and freight :ar breaking. Queen's, P.E.I 2 2 — .1 ' Halifax N S 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 " "2 ;;;;; 1 St. Francis, Que — Elgin Ont 1 1 4 '2 2 1 2 Essex Ont . '. 4 2 2 1 2 4 4 ""2 '"2 '"2 4 Kent. Ont Peterborough, Ont 2 ""2 2 . 1 Welland. Ont '•i 2 .. . York Ont •• 1 1 7 1 11 11 2 4 4 1 ■ ■ i — Totals of Canada 25 10 15 14 . . 1 2 1 4 4 Class hi. Bringing stolen pioperty into Canada. Charlotte N B 1 1 1 j ... . Bedford Que .... 2 1 - 1 1 ' 1 Middlesex, Ont 1 i 1 1 .i 1 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 5 2 \ 3 3 1 2 ' . . . STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 87 Tableau I. Delits avec violence contre l.a propriete. ClASSE II. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitkntiaky. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. P^NITENCIER. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other / years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq niort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de cinq. Refor- me. libe- rales. Vol, voies de fait et — Fin. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. 2 1 i 3 3 4 1 1 1 1 \ ai ' 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ■■■■ i 1 1 8 1 |. .. . .... 1 .3 7 6 i s Bris d'entrepots et de wagons a fret. 1 ! 1 al 1 1 I 1 1 2 i ! 1 2 1 2 - [ 1 2' 3 ""2 ""2 2 1 1 ' 2 1 1 fi 8 1 i-.- ■ 3 1 1 1 . .. 1 i ! 1 10 1 1 11 ClASSE III. Effets voles apportes au Canada. '. . ... 1 . . 1 i 1 1 1 i 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; 1 1 .... 3 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offenc es against propert y with violence. Class II. EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. LIQUORS. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH LlyUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years 1 able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- — — — 16ans. de21. de40. CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE Inca- Ele- Supe- pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire ou d'e- taire. - — - — — — — — — dere mo- der^ cnre. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Robberv — Assault and — Concluded. 7 — • 7 1 1 6 1 1 Vancou ver, Col.-t5 1 1 Yale, Col.-B . .. " 1 - Assiniboia, Est, Saskat Assiniboia, Ouest, Sasket - ::_• - — T> 1 --■ 9 14 2 4 Warehouse and freight car breaking. Queen's, I. du P. -E — 1 Halifax, N.-E 1 1 — 1 — Montreal, Que \ 1 St. Francois, Que .... .... 2 - 2 — Elgin, Ont •Essex, Ont 3 3 1 R Kent, Ont Peterborough, Out 2 Simcoe, Orit 2 1 2 i' 2 ? Victoria, Ont 1 2 Welland, Ont 2 York, Ont — 5 2 3 — 3 Totaux d 'Ontario 8l 1 5 Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat — 6 4 1 3 — 6 Totaux du Canada 1 11 1 6 Offences against property without violence. Class hi. Bringing stolen property into Canada. Charlotte. N.-B ■ 1 \ 1 — ....| 1 1 — 1 1 1 3 Bedford, Que 1 'J_ Middlesex, Ont. 1 1 .... ^ . — Assiniboia, Ouest, Sask 1 i '.... 1 1 — Totaux du Canada 1 2 1 2 STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE— 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 89 Tableau i. [)elits avec violence centre la propriete. Classe II. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Other __ Fo- Bri- R. Deno- aj 5 Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch.of Me- Pres- mina- S 'S Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. tions. > -^ Eng- ses- lics. dists 1 S land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- — C 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — tes- ^ ^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants Autr's H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- T3 Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- i^ a^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. sions. 30 ■^t et lando se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. ■-3 S s Galles gers. ques. O P3 Vol, voies de fait et — Fin. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. * 7 3 3 1 7 ' 1 .. "l 1 2 1 1 1 ! ' 1 * ... . 1 9 1 3 3 r. 2 3 . . . . 1 , . 15 Brisd entrep6ts et c e wagons a fret. i , 1 ... 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 '"'i ( \ 1 1 1 ■■■/■ 1 1 1 1 2 .... .....^ 1 . .. 2 "'2' '2 2 2 ' 1 3 1 1 : 2 5 1 1 4 ... . i 1 1 ' 4 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 1 1 . . 1 6 1 1 12 1 .T 6 Classe hi. Effets voles apportes au Canada. 1 1 j 1 1 . . . . . . 1 ... - ] ■ 1 . .. 1 1 1 ; i 1 1 1 1 1 j ... . 1 1 1 i 2 1 1 2 90 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against' property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. Number of Charges Nombre d'accu- fcations Ac- quit- ted. Ac- quit- tes. M. F De- tained for Lu- nacy. De- tenus pour cause de folie. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- I victed Reite- 2nd. rated. Con- dam - Plus de2 nes recidi- deux ves. fois. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNi:S. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option Un- der year one year. Moins d'un an. Embezzlement. Cape Breton, N.S 1 1 1 1 .. ..« 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 ' l' Wentworth, Ont York, Ont — ;:::. 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 Yale B C 1 1 — 2 2 2 1 1 Totals of Canada 13 2 i 10 8 1 1 2 4 Fal ■se pretences. Cape Breton, N.S 2 11 1 4 '3 1 4 1 4 3 • Halifax N S Carleton N B 1 4 1 1 1 King's, N.B 4 -- Arthabaska, Que Beauce, Que . Bedford, Que 3 1 S 1 1 53 3 12 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .... " '1' 1 . ""1 . aW . 1 3 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 "2 1 15 "io 1 '"s Iberville, Que Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que Quebec, (^ue Rimouski, Que St. Francis, Que St. Hyacinthe, Que '2 1 36 3 8 1 2 1 1 21 1 6 ""2 1 " 5' 1 2 4 .... 1 1 2 Totals of Quebec 82 2 4 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 23 57 35 9 13 8 26 , 1 Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont Brant, Ont 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 " i 2 2 "2' "i' "1 1 1 "1 2 1 ""i" . ""2 '. 1 1 . 1 Elgin, Ont 1 2 Grey, Ont 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 Hastings, Ont "2 Kent Ont 1 Lambton, Ont 2 1 a One, both jail and $15— Un, la prison et $15 d'amende. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 91 Tableau I. Delits sans violence eontre la propriete. Classe III. SENTENCE. CIVIL OCCUPATIONS. - CONDITION Penitentiart. Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two! Other years ma- Senten- ' and live D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. ov r. — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- • ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et ef prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Detournement. 1 1 ' 1 al 1 . . . al .... i 1 1 ; . .. j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ""i i 1 ■ ■ • 1 ; 61 1 ... 1 1 1 3 i 3 2 1 3 1 G 1 1 3 Faux pretextes. 1 1 1 '.'.'.'.'.':. i' i' 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 a2 3 .. . ... 3 '"'i' ••■• 1 ■ ■ ■ 1 " i' "i alO '.'.'.'.'.. 1 16 3 1 17 • * 1 1 14 1 4 5 19 2 2 1 ' 2 2 - . . . i C^ 1 1 1 ^ al . 2 1 1 1 3 1 18 1 2(3 1 19 : 10 2.5 .. . .32 [ j 1 1 3 1 , a2 1 ■•■■•• . . 2 1 1 1 1 2 ai' cl 2 " 1 2 i 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Costs of court and pay back funds— Frais de la cour fct ;i ren.ettre les fonds. c Settled by restitution — Regie en faisant restitution. 92 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 Table i. Offences ag^ainst property without violence. Class iil JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUOBS. U.SAGE DE LIQUKUES OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI Un- able to read or write. Inca pable de xii e ' ud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de2L 21 years and under 40. 21 ans etmoins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES Otl L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Embezzlement. PaT-»-"Rrptnn "V -K 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Cumberland, N.-E 1 1 1 1 i - — 1 — 1 2 1 Wentwortli, Ont York Ont 1 - — 1 ' 1 Yale Col -B 1 1 1 - 1 — 1 1 Totaux du Canada 7 2 .... 2 7 1 8 i . False pretences. Cap- Breton. N.-E Halifax, N.-E 1 ' 1 1 4 4 •-.•■■|:::: - 1 1 1 1 1 Carleton N -B 1 1 - 3 — 3 1 3 Beauce, Que 1 - 1 r ! 1 1 1 "...'. i "i "8 1 25 2 6 "2 1 - 1 1 1 5 Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que Quebec, Que 4 ; 32 . . 1 ? ! 31 3 4 1 2 1 4 1 .. 2 ... 1 1 1 40 St. Hyacinthe, Que 9 1 6 .... 2 2 1 4 50 3 1 .. 18 39 ■» . . 1 3 1 1 :::: 2 1 2 .. 3 L 1 1 2 . .. 2 1 ■ 1 "2 ,. 1 1 1 1 Haldimand, Ont Hastings, Ont ■ 1 2 9. 1 i 1 Kent Ont 2 Lambton, Ont .:::•;' t ■■;::. i;:": 1 i STATISTIQUE C RI M I X ELLE— 1 9 05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 93 Tableau i. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. Classe iil BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Deno- S Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- mina- .-s u Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte- tions. > OQ Eng. ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians. 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- — a 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — tes- ^ B Wales nada. — Autr's tants Autr's H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- -o 00' . Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- « aA terre Ir-' Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- rians. sions. r^n et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. u p Galles gers. ques. o fi" Detournement. Faux pretextes. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i . _ . 1 .... 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 ! -. 1 .... 1 1 1 1 ! 1 « ' 1 1 2 i 1 3 1 1 8 1 1 2 "1 1 3 1 4 i! 1 1 1 1 ■ ■■ 'i 1 3 1 3 1 "i" 30 2 7 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 i' "'3' "i ""2 1 1 33 2 5 1 2 1 ' "i 32 2 8 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 / 1 1 1 1 ' 51 2 3 47 1 .... ' 2 ' 5 2 1 48 9 .... 1 1 .... 2 i 2 3 "2 1 1 1 2 1 2 ■"2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- 1 1 94 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A et:6 commise. ' De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- ! Con- ! victed victed Reite- 1st. 2nd. rated. Con- Con- dam- nes une fois. dam- nes deux fois. Plus de2 recidi- ves. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonnes. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- One der year one , and year, over Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. False pretences — Concluded. Lanark. Ont 1 3 2 2 3 1 7 a4 2 6 4 1 1 2 2 2 7 2 3 9 1 3 1 3 Leeds and Grenville, Ont Lennox and Addington, Ont "2- 1 Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . , .. 2 3 1 5 3 1 5 4 2 3 1 4 3 1 5 3 1 Nipissing, Ont Norfolk, Ont "2 "i '"'i' ' i Northumberland & Durham, 0 Oxford, Ont Peel, Ont. ..^ 1 1 ■ 1 Perth, Ont 1 3 Peterborough, Ont 1 Prescott and Russell. Ont Renfrew, Ont 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 61 2 Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . Victoria, Ont " i' Waterloo, Ont 2 4 1 "7' Welland, Ont 3 1 3 2 3 1 2 2 Wellington, Ont . Wentworth, Ont •. York, Ont 1 2 1 — Totals of Ontario 93 30 62 53 8 1 . 8 17 4 Manitoba, Central Manitoba, Eastern Manitoba, Western 5 7 3 1 4 3 4 5 3 '"' i' ""1 " 1 1 2 , 1 1 Totals of Manitoba 15 1 14 12 1 1 1 3 2 Cariboo, B.C 1 16 8 1 1 9 8 1 1 8 5 1 1 ♦) 7 Vancouver, B.C 6 1 1 3 1 Victoria, B.C Yale, B.C 1 1 1 Totals of British Columbia. . 26 6 19 15 4 1 14 2 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 19 8 27 7 2 9 12 6 12 6 3 3 3 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta - Totals of Al'ta 18 18 6 3 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 10 9 8 3 1 5 7 8 3 7 ( 3 1 1 .... 4 5 2 Saskatchewan. Saskat Totals of Saskat 27 9 6 18 17 1 1 11 Yukon 4 292 87 4 2 1 1 4 Totals of Canada 198 158 24 16 19 85 12 a One, jury disagreed — Un, les jures ne se sont pas accordes. h Left town — A quitte la ville. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 95 Tai JLEAU I. Delits sans violence centre la propriet e. Classe HI. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Pias'ITENCIER. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tui al. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — •_ De En- Autres — — — . — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voy es Senten- En - ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- veu- CeU- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. vage. ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. gants. triels. sions liers. taires. de Refor- Ube- cmq. me. rales. Faux p)retextes — Fin. al a2 ai* aZ al al. 63 ' a2 al aA al 1 1 1 '"'i' 2 1 1 1 1 " '3' 1 2 1 1 ""2 [.'... 2 "'i' 1 '" 3 1 1 2' 2 1 5 2 2 1 al ... . 2 i" 1 3 2 2 aZ 1 al 1 al 2 i i al 2 ' 1 , 32 5 17 4 3 16 25 20 ' 62 13 4 a4 a2 1 3 i 1 2 1 4 3 8 2 6 1 2 4 7 1 i 1 1 2 2 1 ... ' ... 1 2 2 1 1 1 112 2 3 3 ... 1 1 2 "■■ 1 ::■ ' 13 1 2 2 3 3 3 : 7 2 2 4 ! a4 2 ' 1 ; «1 . . 1 . .. 2 1 1 i 2 ::': 2 2 j 2 5 ! 2 1 2 2 4 1 1 al al al . 1. . . 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 ' ] 3 3 3 2 1 2 4 2 2 ^J 1 3 1 14 2 66 15 j 59 4 3" 7 33 68 6 76 \ a Sentence suspended — Sentence su.spendue. 6 Settled by restitution — Regie par restitution. 96 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences s^ainst property without violence. Class iir. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFEXSE A ETE COMMISE. EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. Un- able to read or write. Ele- men- tary. Supe- rior. Inca- Ele- Supe- pable men- rieure delire uaire oud'e- crire. I AGES. USE OF LIQU0B8. USAGE DK LIQUEURS Im- mo- de- rate Under 16 years 21 years - ■- ■■ 16 and and 40 years Not years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Mo- de- Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate 16 ans. de21. de40. Mo- M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F _ _ _ _ _ dere H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F idere False pretences— Concluded. 1 "i' 3 1 2 9! Lennox et Addington, Ont .... Muskoka et Parrj' Sound, 0. . . 1 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 Norfolk, Ont ' i 1 1 Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . . Oxford, Ont 4 3 3 Peel, Ont 1 5 3 ' 1 1 "4' 3 1 1 3 1 Perth, Ont . 9. 1 3 Prescott et Rus.sell Ont. 1 1 Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv. ,Ont . . 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 Welland, Ont 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 1 30 2 1 1 3 2 28 2 7 Wellington, Ont ... - i' 9 1 1 18 3 - York, Ont .5 — Totaux d'Ontario 1 40 3 16 1 5 3 1 Manitoba, Est - 1 5 3 6 : 1 5 1 2 5 9 1 4 5 2 9 1 .. . 5 1 7 2 3 5 Totaux de Manitoba 6 4 Caribou. Col.-B. 1 3 6 1 3 6 Victoria, Col.-B 2 -- 3 Yale, CoL-B . 4 111 6 10 2 12 7 1 2 10 - Totaux de la Col.-Britann 10 2 3 — 1 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 2 4 1 Alberta, Sud, Al'ta. 1 — 1 Totaux d'Alberta 2 4 2 ; Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat 4 1 3 4 3 - 6 1 7 4 84 1 1 1 — 4 3 Totaux de Saskatchewan . . 5 3 1 Yukon '. 1 '3 - 4 98 1 26 1 52 18 1 Totaux du Canada 9 122 i 18 1 61 STATISTIQUE C RIM IN ELLE — 1 9 05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 97 Tableau i. Delit sans violence contra la propriete. Classe III. BIRTH PLACES. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. Iles Britanniqdes. Eng- lar d Ire- Scot- and land. land. Wales Angle terre Ir- Ecos- et lande. se . Galles Ca- nada. Uni- ted States I Other ; Other I Fo- Bri- I reign i tish t Coun- Pos- tries. Autr's [ Au- Etats- tres sions Unis. pays j Bri- etran- tanni- gers. j ques. RELIGIONS. R. Ca- Ch. of Me- j Pres Bap- the- Eng- ;^ ho- byte tists. j lies. 1 land, dists. Bap- I Ca- Eglise: Me- tistes. .tholi- d'An- 1 tho- ques. gle-. dis- terre. tes. Other I Deno- j mina- rians. i < tions. Pro- tes- I — Pres- byte- riens. tants Autr's con- fes- sions. RESI- DENCE. u > X 1 Q ^ 1- i~i -c "^ . Q2 „ ^ c3 +^ a M o rt Faux pretextes— i^m. \ 1 ... . "i' 1 3 1 1 ...... 2 • . 1 2 1 • 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 ■ '4 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 "2 1 4 4 1 1 "l 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 ".'.".' 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 "i" " 1 3 2 1 1 1 .1 4 2 1 31 2 ' 5 1 10 9 11 H 3 4 3.5 12 1 . . 1 1 1 ! 1 i 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 - 2 3 i 3 : 4 1 2 2 __'!■■■ ! 2 3 2 . ... 1 H 4 ' "2 i ■'.;." ;;;/ 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 1 3 1 1 1 , 1 i 1 i 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 IS 1 1 1 1!.... 1 3 1 3 . . 2 ... 1 1 1 1 ! 2 1 2 i 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 ' 2 j 5 1 3 2 1 .._ .... 2 1 3 2 4 3 . . ^ 11 i •••■' 1 1 3 J ^ 1 2 3 .■^ 2 1 5 4 1 1 3 1 i ••• 3 1 ... .|. ... 4 i 17 ! 7 i 6 1 97 10 12 1 1 i 2 08 ^ 22 1 19 15 9 i 9 124 3.5 17—7 98 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. for Lu- nacy. Nombre Ac- De- tenus pour d'accu- faations quit- tes. cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed Ist. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- 1 victed Reite- 2nd. rated. Con- dam - Plus de2 nes :recidi- deux ves. fois. SENTENCE. COMMITTEn TO JaIL Emprisoxnes. With ! No Option. the ' — option Sans OPTION of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde Un- I One der I year one I and year. over. MoinS' Un d'un ' an et an. i plus. Feloniously receiv mg and in possession of stolen gooc s. Prince P E I . , 1 1 1 — Cape Breton, N.S Halifax, N.S 2 9 2 13 3 «43 2 1 2 "2 1 ""2 1 1 6 6 1 13 3 3 2 1 King's N.S Totals of Nova Scotia 4 3 1 1 Bedford, Que ' '28' 2 1 "20 2 1 ■■"5' " 3 ■■■■4" "bio 1 Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que 3 1 3 Totals of Quebec 49 14 31 23 5 3 4 11 4 Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont Brant, Ont 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 23 1 3 1 3 ""2 " 1 "'3' i Elgin Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Nipissing, Ont 1 ' 1 '"1 1 Oxford Ont Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . Welland Ont 3 3 1 5 2 3 ■■■■5' "l "i 2 Wentworth, Ont York. Ont 1 15 '3 4 Totals of Ontario 45 21 20 17 3 3 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- 13 3 1 12 1 .... 1 2 1 1 1 1 ""i' 1 2 1 Yale B.C — Totals of British Columbia. . 17 13 4 3 1 4 3 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 — Totals of the Alberta 5 1 4 4 3 — 7 7 1 15 3 6 1 10 4 1 4 1 3 - 5 5 3 - 2 1 1 1 10 Totals of Canada t 149 66 72 58 9 5 10 24 7 a One left the country — Un a laisse le pays. b One, both jail and S50 — Un, la prison et ■ STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 99 Tableau I. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. Classe III. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. PENirENTIAEY. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and live D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. ov r. Deux Cinq — De mort En- voyes Autres Senten- — — — — — — — — ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. trials. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. *ne. rales. Recel et en XK)ssession d'eflets voles. 1 i ■ ■ i 1 -I 1 1 2 1 1 1 ! 'j2 1 1 2 2 1 ( 1 "2 '.'.'. fi 9' 0 1 2 «i' 9 12 1 1 1 13 1 2 2 8 9 6 12 14 1 14 1 al 1 i 1 2 1 2 1 "i .... ^. al 1 1 ■ ■ ■ 1 al 1 j cl a3 al «2 2 2 ■ ■■ • ... ^. 2 3 1 3 1 .3 1 10 6 3 4 6 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 ' 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 t t 1 , «1 «1 1 1 9. al 1 1 5 2I ..... 1 23 1 ■ 17 13 19 23 1 4 31 « Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Bound to be of a good behaviour — Pris I'engagement de tenir une mailleure conduite. c To return goods and pay costs — A remettre les effets et a payer les frai.s. n—7h 100 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. OflFences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES oil L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. Un- I able to read Ele- or j men- j Supe- write. tary. | rior. Inca- Ele- Supe- pable men- rieure delire taire, ou d'e- AGES. Under! 16 years j 21 years ! 16 and and 1 40 years years, under 21. lunder 40. and over. Moins 16 ans 21 ans | 40 ans de et moins et moins | et plus. leans, de 21. de 40. Not given. Noft^ donne. M. H. USE OF LIQC0R8. USAGE DE LIQUEURS |Im- Mo- mo- de- de- rate rate Mo-jlm- derejmo- idere Feloniously receiving an i in possession of stolen property. Prince, I. du P.-E 1 - 1 1 2 — Cap-Breton, N.-E Halifax, N.-E 1 1 9, King's, X.-E 2 — 2 — Totaux de la N. -Ecosse 1 ] — — 2 ?, — Bedford, Que Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que . . Quebec, Que 1 1 1 25 1 8 1 1 11 ' i- 5 1 1 2 15 1 1 1 1 — 16 Totaux de Quebec 3 26 9 1 12 6 1 2 3 Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont Brant, Ont . . 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 Carlfeton, Ont Elgin, Ont • 1 Lanark, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 Nipissing, Ont 1 i' 1 Oxford. Ont 1 Peterborough, Ont Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., 6. . . . Welland, Ont. . 2 3 2 1 2 3 1 5 14 3 Wentworth, Ont 1 1 1 York, Ont 4 1 1 5 1 1 2 6 1 5 2 1 - Totaux d 'Ontario 1 16 1 4 Manitoba, Centre 1 1 Manitoba, Est .... I 1 — "Vancouver, Col.-B 1 1 1 .... - 1 2 1 4 1 Westminster, Col. -B 1 — 1 1 1 1 Yale, Col.-B 1 Totaux de laCol.-Britan. 1 3 2 2 1 — Alberta, Nord, Al'ta . . 1 Alberta, Sud, Al'ta Totaux d'Alberta 1 1 3 4 1 1 — Assiniboia, Est, Saskat Aseiniboia, Ouest, Saskat Saskatchewan, Sask — 5 Totaux de Saskatchewan . . - 1 27 — 1 33 Yukon 1 — 10 2 1 11 1 13 — Totaux du Canada 7 50 1 7 13 STATISTIQUE ORIMINELLE— 19 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 101 Tableau i. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. Classe III. BIRTH PLACES. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. RESI- DENCE. Bbitish Isles. Iles Britanniques. Eng- land Ire- and land. Wales Angle terre Ir- et lande. Galles Scot- land. Ecos- Ca- nada. I Other Other I Fo- Bri- I reign 1 tish Uni- Coun- Pos- ted I tries, States I sions. Autr's Au- posses Etats- tres sions Unis. pays Bri- etran- tanni- gers. 1 ques. Bap- tists. Bap- tistes. R. Ca- tho- lics. Ch. of Me- Pres- Eng- tho- byte- land, dists rians. Ca- tholi- ques. Eglise d'An- Me- tho- gle- dis- : riens, terre. tes. i Pres- byte- Pro- tes- tants Other jj Deno- mina- > 1 tions. L — o Auto's con- OS fes- s sions. s :3 h P3 Recel et en possession d'effets voles. 1 •■ ■! ■•■! 1 1 1 .. .1 1 1 2 i 1 . 2 2 1 1 .... ! 2 .... 2 2 1 21 2 1 1 5 21 -> 1 6 24 2 1 2 2 1 24 I • 24 1 5 1 6 27 ■3' 2 1 3 1!...-.. 1 1 1 ; "i' 1 ..-..1 1 1 1 "1' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i '"'3' "3 2 "i 2 2 3 1 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 13 3 1 4 4 3 3 1 17 1 i' ... . ' 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 — 1 1 3 ... 1 1 1 1 ... . 1 1 1 2 2 i ■•■• 1 3 1 .. ..1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 43 4l 8 33 r> 1 4 3 9 52 6 102 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. OflFences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ET]6 COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total, Con- Con- victed victed 1st. 2nd. Con- Con- dam- dam- nes nes une deux fois. fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- ves. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNfe. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou Ta- rn'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- One der year one and year, over Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. a One left the country- -Un a laisse le pays. 0 Fraud and conspiracy to defraud. Yarmouth, N.S . 1 1 1 al 2 2 1 1 — 1 1 2 "i 1 1 1 2 Chicoutimi, Que.. ........ Montreal, Que 4 2 1 St. Francis, Que 1 — Totals of Quebec 13 7 5 1 5 — Brant, Ont Carleton, Ont . 14 1 12 1 13 3 2 4 1 1 7 1 13 66 139 8 2 1 7 1 6 2 2 3 1 1 2 6 47 81 1 12 2 4 . 2 9 Hastings, Ont 5 1 1 "i' :::: 2 " i 2 ""2 Kent, Ont Middlesex, Ont Nipissing, Ont Peel, Ont : 2 "i Perth, Ont 1 Peterborough, Ont .... Prescott and Russell, Ont Simcoe, Ont ' 5' I 7 17 3 1 2 15 .... i ' "z Welland, Ont Wentworth. Ont 1 1 4 1 '"'i' 1 7 York. Ont 2 2 1 Totals of Ontario 56 39 7 10 ; 6 25 3 Manitoba. Eastern 7 5 1 1 : 1 2 Vancouver, B.C 1 6 4 4 3 8 2 2 4 1 4 1 1 1 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 4 2 4 2 1 2 2 — 2 4 2 4 1 Saskatchewan, Saskat . ... 3 — Totals of Saskat . . . . 15 9 6 6 4 2 Totals of Canada 187 102 82 62 9 11 i 12 37 4 Horse, cattle and sheep stealing. Queen's, P.E.I 4 4 - 1 1 Cumberland, N.S 1 1 1 1 Pictou, N.S 1 Beauharnois, Que 1 3 1 1 1 ' "1 1 Bedford,Que 2 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 103 Tableau I. Delits sans violence contre la propriet e. Classe III. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiaby. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitexcier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten-■ and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tui al. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- En ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- veu- Celi- et et pi -son cul- mer- teurs. dus - fes- na- nes. vage. ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liera. taires. de Refor- Hbe- cmq. me. rales. Fraude et conspiration de fraude. Vol de chevaux, betail et moutons. 1 1 1 ""2 1 2 ... ^. "'i' 1 3 4 al 4 8 1 11 61 1 1 2 2' 2 ""6 a3 1 5 a2 al al a8 3 1 1 3 1 6 5 1 5 1 11 ... ^ 6 1 .... 2 12 5 17 2 25 1 6 13 20 32 ai 2 1 4 3 4 1 ' i ... ^. i al 1 1 1 " 22 4 31 2 6 17 29 36 _ _ . 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. effets. b Ordered to return goods — Ordonne de remettre le 104 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class tii. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS .JUDI- CI AIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. Un- able to read Ele- or write. men- tary. Inca- pable de lire ou d'e- Ele- nien- taire. crire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure AGES. Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de2L 21 years I i and 40 years i Not under 40. and over, given. 21 ans 40 ans et moins et plus. de40. M. H. Non- donne. M. i F. H. ; F. USE OF LIQUORS. US.4GEDB LIQUEURS Im- Mo- mo- de- de- rate rate Mo-jlm- dere|mo- ■dere Fraud and conspiracy to defraud . Yarmouth, N.-E 1 1 1 1 — 1 Arthabaska, yue. . ' Chicoutimi, Que 1 1 Montreal, Que 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 12 2 5 1 3 1 — 5 1 7 4 Hastings, Ont 4 1 2 1 1 3 1 Middlesex, Ont . ... 7 1 1 3 1 1 5 2 Nipissing, Ont Peel, Ont. 1 . . . Perth, Ont 1 Simcoe, Ont 4 1 7 6 1 1 1 9 21 6 3 1 "i' 1 17 39 5 4 Welland, Ont Wentworth, Ont 'i' 4 6 3 16 - 6 York, Ont ii 1 — 2 8 1 1 2 .. 4 Totaux d'Ontario 1 36 15 1 13 7 2 1 4 1 — — "i" — Alberta. Nord. At'la .\lberta, Sud, Al'ta ... . - 1 — 2 4 6 17 . . . - - 50 1 — 9 2 29 4 20 Totaux du Canada 1 46 17 15 Horse, cattle and sheep stealing. Queen's. L du P.-E - 1 - 1 1 Pictou N -E — 1 1 — 1 1 1 Bedford, Que 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 105 Tableau i. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. ClASSE III. • BIRTH PLACES. ^ RESI- DENCE. — RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. | Other Other ■ — Fo- Bri- R. Other ^ Iles Britanniqdes. Uni- reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- "C ted Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte mina- > "x Eng- States tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists. nans. tions. 1 a land Ire- Scot- sions. Pro- 2 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — tes- 5= Wales nada. Autr's tants Ch — — — Etats- Au- po?ses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's 'V x Angle Unis. tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- C p. A terre Ii- Ecos- pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- X et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. t j: Galle.s gers. ques. o A'^ Fraude et conspiration de fraude. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... ... 1 1 1 2 2 j 2 "l 1 1 ■ 1 2 ' 1 2 1 1 '> 2 11 2 1 1 i n 1 4 1 6 1 ... . , 1 2 1 1 1 2 ... ^ 1 T 3 4 6 1 •• "i' 1 . ... i . . :::::! ::: I 3 1 4 1 3 1 ■'l " 1 7 2 12 6 3 8 1 5 7 17 2 1 ■::::■ ::. ■:::::" 1 1 4 1 1 5 40 1 2 2 13 13 ' 11 12 1 46 7 4 1 2 1 3 11 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 ! 1 .i i 1 ... . 1 L... L._ 1 j 1 n; 1 ■ 1 ■ • j .5 i 1 5 i 47 1 6 ' . . 3 17 15 1 2 11 1 13 4 55 11 Vol de chevaux, betail et moutons. 1 1 1 4 1 . j 1 ' ::::■ 1 L .; .... I 1 1 ! 1 '.'.'.'.'.'.[.'.'.'.'. 1 1 1 1 106 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A et:^ commise. De- tained Number of Ac- quit- for Lu- Charges) ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. [ M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam- nes deux fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNi:S. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou Ta- rn'nde No Option. Sans option Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Larceny. Horse, cattle and sheep stealing— Concluded. Ottawa, Que . . St. Francis, Que 2 1 1 1 - 1 1 Totals of Quebec .... 7 4 3 2 ] ... . 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 5 1 1 1 3 ' i 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 '" 1 4 Essex, Ont 1 4 1 "l 1 '""2 "1 Grey, Ont Huron, Ont 1 i' Kent, Ont 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 "'i' 5 Oxford Ont Peel Ont "2 Peterborough, Ont Simcoe, Ont • • • • i " i 3 1 . . . . Waterloo, Ont . . '. Welland. Ont 'i' 1 ""2 Wellington, Ont York, Ont., 1 Totals of Ontario 31 5 1 4 27 21 5 1 8 3 Manitoba, Eastern 5 1 2 1 1 2 ' i' Cariboo B C 2 1 1 1 27 13 a45 2o 1 1 Westminster, B.C . - Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 14 22 14 16 "'l' '2 2 2 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 3 — Totals cf Al'ta 72 33 36 30 4 2 4 3 3 1 6 2 4 1 1 . . .. 2 1 4 3 1 1 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat Saskatchewan. Saskat 4 3 2 Totals of Saskatchewan .... 13 1 4 9 8 1 2 1 Totals of Canada 1:H8 I 52 83 66 12 5 2 14 7 Prince, P.E.I - Eng- ses- lics. dists tions. i Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — ^ ■g AVales nada. — Autr's tants H — — — Au- {xjsses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's -a oo . Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. thoh- d'An- tho- byte- con- a e3 Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- EC -^g et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions . •^ ^f! Oalles gers. ques. D Pi Vol de chevaux , betail et moutons- -Fin. ! 1 1 1 : . . ; 1 , ! 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 t 3 1 i' "'i' ""i' 1 1 ' i 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 ' i' 1 ' i "i "'i' .... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 "2 "'1' 3 "2 .... '2 1 • 1 1 2 1 ' ••■■ i 2 2 1 5 1 5 1 1 16 1 1 3 5 7 , 3 5 1 1 16 10 1 " i' 1 ... 4 . ... 1 4 " i 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 i i ■ . 2 ' 1 13' ""2 "2 '"'2': '3 2 14 3 1 21 2 2 14 3 1 ... 13 2I 1 2 2 3 1 21 V _ . _ J "i 1 '.'■.;;...;'. 1 _ _ 1 1 . . .... ' 1 22 ! 7 1 • 3 ! 37 5 i 6 ... 3 13 ''. 3 9 3 .5 19 ■I2 Larcin. 110 CRIMIISIAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Cl.\ss III. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MIT fED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETB COMMISE. Number of Charges Nombre d 'accu- sations. Ac- quit- ted. Ac- quit- tes. M. F De- tained for Lu- nacy. De- tenus pour cause de folie. CONVICTIONS. COND AMN A TI ONS. Con- Con- victed victed Reit'^ 1st. < 2nd. rated, Total. I Con- Con- Plus dam- dam- de 2 nes nes irecidi- une deux i ves. fois. fois SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISOXNi:S. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- ni'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- I One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un I an et an. ] plus. Larceny — Continued. Cape Breton, N.S . . Colchester, N.S. . Cumberland, N.S. . Digby, N.S....^.. Guysborough, N.S Halifax, N.S Hants, N.S Inverness, N.S. . . . King's, N.S. ... Lunenburg, N.S. . . Pictou, N.S Queen's, N.S Shelburne, N.S... Yarmouth, N.S . . Totals of Nova Scotia., Carle ton, N.B. Gloucester, N.B King's, N.B Madawaska, N.B Northumberland, N.B. Queen's, N.B St. John, N.B Victoria, N.B Westmoreland, N.B. . . York, N,B ...... 20 7 12 3 5 102 3 1 10 6 11 6 6 18 213 42 Totals of New Brunswick . Arthabaska, Que ... Beauce, Que Beauharnois, Que . . . Bedford, Que . Chicoutimi, Que, . . Iberville, Que Joliette, Que Kamouraska, Que . . . Montmagny, Que . . . Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que Pontiac, Que Quebec, Que Richelieu, Que Rimouski, Que Saguenay, Que .... St. Francis, Que. ... St. Hyacinthe, Que Terrebonne, Que . . . Three Rivers, Que. Totals of Quebec . 2 5 6 13 1 7 3 2 1 851 20 1 112 9 27 1 40 6 5 21 14 22 16.5 1,130 1.53 10 2m, 2f Im 64 1 4 6 11 1 7 3 2 1 744 18 ■ 87 9 20 1 .27 3 .5 16 141 61 10 18 12! 966 1 4 5 6 1 7 3 2 1 546 15 721 5 5 2 29 121 1 170 104 I 141 186 25 1 4 3 3 1 6 3 1 1 c342 14 471 12 a 1, c 6, Both jail and fine— La prison et I'amende. jures ne se sont pas accordes et le prisonnier est libere. b Jury disagreed and prisoner discharged— Les STATISTIQUE CRI MINELLE— 1 9 05. Ill SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau I. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. ClASSE III. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Kive D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. ■ — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Dpux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. cants. triels sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq. me. rales. Larcin — Suite. 2 "4' al . . . . _ 2 "" i' 5 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 7 . :.: 2 5 34 8 a2 aki' "1 1 2 ■■■'8 "ii' ""i' 8 " "i 1 G 61 '12 1 ... . 3 3 70 1 1 ... 1 6 1 "'h' 5 "1 1 cl a2 a2 ' i' "1 1 1 "i 1 ... . .1 9 6 8 1 1 al al 3 1 1 1 1 6 1 8 ( 22 ' 1 . 20 51 3 16 15 17 1 63 ■ 18 3 130 1 2 1 1 3 i ::;:.:!:::::" 1 i -t "i' ""% 'aY,hb,di,e\ . . . "1 i ' "6 2 1 ' "i' " 26 9 2 3 1 .... 14 90 1 2 2 1 1 12 2 8 16 4 5 ?> 1 25 14 1 49 1 1 4 1 7 4 3 3 3 a5 2 9 1 1 5 6 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 26 1 51 ol37, 69 8 158 28 146 4 3 229 160 10 8 20 564 10 6 1 6 a24 3 20 8 18 4 26 3 5 14 6 67 4 7 1 1 1 18 6 a4 ai' 1 1 2 22 2 5 10 ■■■ 4" 4 '"1 23 2 1 1 1 3 11 45 1 71 1 180 ! 17 183 37 175 7 331 199 27 729 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 6 For five charges — Pour cinq accusations. c Bound to be of good behaviour — Pris I'engagement detenirune meilleure conduite. d Parents agree to look after them — Les parents s'engagent a les surveiller. r Sent back to England— Renvoye en An- terre. 112 CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 . 5-6 EDWARD VII.,, A. 1906, Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CI AIRES OU L' OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. Un- able to i read write. Ele- men- tary. Inca- Ele- pable men- ds lire! taire. oud'e- crire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure AGES. Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years Not and over, given. 40 ans et plus. Non- donne. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DB LIQUEURS Mo- de- Im- mo- de- rate rate Mo- dere Im- mo- dere - Larceny — Continued. Cap-Breton, N.-E Colchester N -E 7 3 7 2 1 71 1 2 5 2 3 1 4 1 "i' 1 2 I 6 2 . 3 69 1 1 9 6 2 2 3 7 125 2 1 2 4 3 Di"-by N -E 2 1 2 Guysborough, N -E is' 29" 1 "i" 2 28 "2" 2 3 "e' 1 Halifax, N.-E 6 5 Hants N.-E . . , 1 1 9 2 8 9 Lunenburg, N.-E Pictou N -E. 4 2 1 "i' 1 2 6 1 2 3 6 Queen's, N.-E 2 1 2 2 7 2 1 5 Yarmouth N -E 3 1 2 — Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . . . 18 126 2 35 - 47 3 .... 51 2 2 10 6 11 18 2 King's, N.-.B 4 3 1 4 St Jean N -B 8 21 1 20 2 12 •• 4 6 1 13 1 2 5 17 12 1 Westmoreland, N.-B York, N.-B 6 3 3 1 2 5 12 2 14 Totaux du N. -Brunswick . . 14 50 15 - 8 1 26 4 11 - 37 27 Arthabaska, Que Beauce, Que Beauhamois, Que Bedford, Que . ""'l' "3 1 3 3 8 1 4 1 5 2 3 9 0 4 4 "i' '1" 1 9' 1 1 Iberville, Que Joliette, Que . . . Kamouraska, Que 'i 6 2 2 6 1 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 Montreal, Que 81 660 12 3 6 125 5 173 6 8 324 8 35 71 4 3 354 4 ,390 14 22 2 9 62 3 7 '7* i 25 6 4 3 40 1 6 3 8 "'1' 1 "2 1 1 49 4 17 38 Richelieu, Que , . Rimouski, Que 3 2 St. Frangois, Que St. Hyacinthe, Que 9 18 2 .... 4 .. . 8 4 16 1 4 14 432 1 6 1 15 2 5 14 483 V? "i' 1 6 1 9 -" 1 8 1 9. 6 221 11 39 93 Totaux de Quebec 137 806 12 149 472 STATISTIQUE CRI MINELLE — 1 9 05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 113 Tableaux I. Delits sans V iolence centre la propriete ClASSE III. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Fo- Bri- R. Other CD -2 Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- S •s Uni- ted Coun- tries. Fos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. byte- rians. mina- tions. ;> X Eng- lics. dists 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States ions. Pro- s 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — ^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's T3 X . Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- ^. Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- CO et lande. se. stran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. ^r^ Galles gers. ques. 5 P5 LiSLrcin— Suite. ' '2 "b 5 3 9 2 4 52 } 5 6 7 2 3 V i 1 2 "2 3 3 2 9 3 6 1 1 1 3 2 2 38 3 r 2 3 "2 5 •i 3 2 "lO "23" 1 1 5 "3 ""2 1 71 3 7 1 1 1 1 2 '5' '"'5' 4 8 "3 6 1 4 " i 3 3 3 ""2 2 1 "i 4 2 1 ■■3' 1 . . . . 2 2 3 3 2' 3 11 2 G 110 5 0 7 10 61 29 11" 15 12 4 119 1 29 2 1 . .. 1 1 1 "4 ' 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 25 1 22 2 .... 1 1 ".'.'.'.'. '" 3 3 15 6 2 3 29 1 1 1 7 2 11 3 2 1 4 18 2 8 3 1 56 . . 4 12 28 U 4 5 2 4 51 13 1 1 4 9 1 5 3 2 1 680 18 599 18 1 1 2 1 2 . ... 1 1 4 2 2 ... 3 . . . 4 3 8 2 2 1 . . . . . 4 2 1 695 9 3 h' ■■"2' 1 13 "13 ' "i' "3 26 1 1 37 85 * . . . 10 25 16 45 9 1 3 1 77 7 20 1 18 2 5 16 1 5 73 7 20 1 17 2 5 15 2 "3 "i' 8 "' 7" 4 73 3 3 "20' 2 ii' 14 4 " "3 ""5 ..... 17 5 5 45 13 3 871 25 19 1 3 782 95 11 26 35 24 827 127 17—8 114 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE De- tained Number Ac- for of « quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCK COMMITTEn TO JaIL EmPRISON'NES. Total. Con- I Con- Aricted victed Reite- 1st. 2nd. rated. Con- aarc- nes une fois. Con- Plus dam- j de 2 nes recidi- deux fois. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No OPTION. Sans option. Un- One der year one ■ and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. ' plus. Larcenj' — Continued. Algoma & Manitoulin, Ont Brant, Ont Bruce, Ont Carleton, Ont Duff erin. Ont .... Elgin, Ont Essex, Ont Frontenac, Ont Grej% Ont Haldimand, Ont Halton. Ont Hastings, Ont Huron, Ont Kent, Ont Lanibton, Ont Lanark, Ont Leeds and Grenville, Ont. . Lennox and Addington, Ont .... Linfoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont Nipissing, Ont Norfolk, Ont Northumberland & Durham, O.. Ontario, Ont Oxford, Ont . . Peel, Ont Perth, Ont Peterbori jugh, Ont Prescott and Ru.-;sell, Ont Prince Edward, Ont Renfrew, Out Simcoe, Ont Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, O. Thunder Bay & Rainy River, O. Victoria, Ont Waterloo, Ont Welland, Ont Wellington, Ont Wentworth. Ont York, Ont 39 113 11 146 1 29 4S 27 28 11 9 39 11 a57 41 9 34 6 22 80 12 52 16 19 12 14 10 66 57 4 1 11 36 16 54 7 48 24 18 145 1,115 Totals of Ontario . Manitoba, Central. . Manitoba, Eastern. Manitoba, Western. 2,498 680 23 4 346 44 42 9 Totals of Manitoba . 411 4 9 1 9 4 6 52 9 351 52 80 57 I 7 33 97 7 121 1 15 45 21 16 25 8 25 31 8 29 3 18 60 12 43 8 15 11 12 8 41 42 4 1 8 28 12 45 6 39 18 12 84 712 27 72 6 83 1 13 39 18 11 3 3 21 6 23 23 8 23 3 12 42 12 42 8 9 11 9 8 38 29 4 1 7 16 9 42 6 34 18 6 58 614 10 72 1,737 1,418 192 127 19 17 298 , 221 30 , 29 1 33 1 1 44 347 267 35 45 81 19 345 101 687 89 33 113 a One escaped before trial — Un sest evade avant son proces. STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 115 TiBLEAU I. Delits sans violence centre la propriete Classe III. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION, Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. P^NITENCIER. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and J-'ive D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. •cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. do wed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. trielg. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq me. rales. 'La.Tcin— Suite. 1 "4 ■■■3 a4 a29, 61 a2 a42 al a4, 61, c5 al7 a4, dl, el a2, el a3 al afi, 66, el a4 a7, 63 al6, el a5 al8 al a8 a29 «7 al2 a4 a3, cl a4 al a5 o26 a22, 65, /2 "i 2 13 i 2 22 4 1 16 2 37 1 15 12 41 2 44 8 12 5 18 •1 20 85 "'l' ..,.. 1 94 1 1 1 4 "5' 3 "'1' 7 21 15 7 3 3 13 1 7 20 4 14 3 7 20 5 29 2 2 3 8 3 15 12 1 2 7 4 2 2 ""5" 2 8 7 2 7 1 2 15 1 6 2 2 3 1 2 5 1 3 ■■■ 2 2 "1 12 1 36 1 17 1 1 1 5 2 "2 4 12 2 2 6 5 1 ■■■4" 2 2 1 2 1 .1 "3 '2 "i ""1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 8 ""6 ""2 3 I 6 5 1 1 1 9 1 1 . . . .... 19 6 2 16 1 24 6 20 1 2 1 1 4 1 ' 3 3 1 2 18 1 5 ■"'5' "i' 4 3 15 6 42 6 33 2 1 2 7 "3 11 9 8 ■ 6 2 2 1 4 39 37 3 1 1 ' 'i' 1 1 3 1 1 2 "is' 82 a3 ao «4 a20, 62, cl a2 a30 ab, cl nb a38 a233 1 ""i ""2 4 2 ""2 3 11 5 24 3 2 ■"■■ e' 2 4 2 5 16 142 3 23 12 35 .S 1 2 5 40 i 1 4 19 5 6 15 n 6 ...^. 1 ' .... 4 8 18 8 1 40 27 1 371 66 547 ^fi 14 131 665 33 137 86 168 2 808 314 27 1,317 a3 a98, 64 a4 5 5 2 4 63 5 1 10 2 "27 4 6 ... , 148 . . 12 4 75 5 "ii' 15 51 1 1 7 212 18 51 1 j 7 109 12 72 13 31 166 84 11 245 a Sentence .suspended — Sentence .suspendue. 6 Bound to be of a good Ijehaviour— Engagement de tenir une meilleure conduite. c Acquitted having made restitution — Acquittes, ayant fait restitution. d Whipped with consent of parents — Fouette avec le consentement des parents. e Handed over to Children Aid Society— Mis entre les mains de la Societe de Secours. / Fathers undertaking to punish boys — Les peres devant punir les enfants. 17-81 116 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. t n. 1- le. USE cy LIQUORS. USAGE DB LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- oaire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et nioins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. No give Noi donr Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Larceny— Continued . Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . . Brant, Ont Bruce, Ont Carleton, Ont Dufferin, Ont Elgin, Ont Essex, Ont Frontenac, Ont Grey, Ont Haldimand, Ont Halton. Ont Hastings, Ont Huron, Ont Kent. Ont Lambton, Ont Lanark, Ont Leeds et Grenville, Ont Lennox et Addington, Ont . . . . Lincoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont Muskoka et Parry Sound, O.. . . Nipissing, Ont Norfolk, Ont Northumberl'd et Durham, O. . . Ontario, Ont Oxford, Ont Peel, Ont Perth, Ont Peterborough, Ont Prescott et Russell, Ont Prince-Edouard, Ont Renfrew, Ont Simcoe, Ont Storm't, D'daset Gleng'ry,0. . . Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv.,Ont . . Victoria, Ont Waterloo, Ont Welland, Ont Wellington, Ont , Wentworth, Ont York, One Totaux d'Ontario Manitoba, Centre. Manitoba, Est . . . Manitoba, Ouest . . Totaux de Manitoba. 98 67 17 90 6 99 1 14 41 19 12 8 5 24 8 22 27 8 22 3 15 51 1 32 7 15 11 11 8 41 37 3 1 5 25 8 26 4 18 9 8 75 683 1,520 12 236 255 12 32 1 I 23 20 1 5 7 2 2 "i' 8 4 2 4 "2 7 2 "3' 5 1 1 U 20 1 "2 3 4 13 2 2 5 1 18 120 310 39 9 14 1 5 2 1 2i 38 4 23 3 6 87 1 4 2 1 2 27 7 39 7 15 4 94 1 13 4 .... ■"5' i' 16 1- 16 4 1 23 4 "i' 11 6 4 '7' 4 5 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 1 5 6 1 4 i 20 2 3 1 0 4 3 1 11 1 4 1 21 1 16 4 5 1 18 2 4 0 2 10 2 10 3 9 .... "f)' 1 21 1 13 15 2 26 1 9 39 1 3 1 4 i 2 8 29 3 3 8 1 2 1 8 "i' . 1 1 7 12 2 5 1 1 • 3 6 2 2 1 1 2 4 1 i 6 2 10 15 35 5 1 11 2 i 4 1 31 1 i 1 1 2 2 1 5 4 16 3 2 5 5 3 7 2 19 1 3 1 33 1 1 1 1 3 5 10 2 20 14 1 4 1 1 8 2 6 2 1 « 8 15 34 1 7 1 68 16 153 22 25] 41 62 30 17 600 32 366 41 636 62 171 35 80. 4 1260 1 10 1 6 9 3 50 7 161 5 30 i 3 278 5 2 13 1 9 ~ 8 295 3 56 9 134 5 32 1 18 10 6 27 ' i" 21 17 9 5 4 4 4 4 2 5 21 '33' 4 2 6 11 3 "i' 20 5 5 3 3 15 92 387 3 20 2 25 STATISTIQUE C RIMIN ELLE — 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 117 Tableau i. Delits sans violence centre la propriete. ClASSB III. BIRTH PLACES. — RELIGIONS. RESI- LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. " DENCE. British Isles. Other Other ( _ — Fo- Bri- R. Other ^ -2 Iles Britanniqces. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- a ■c. Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte- mina- > Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians, tions. 1 S land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — tes- ^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants fi — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's -c i3 Angle Etats- tre& sions tistes. tholi- d'An tho- byte- con- c ri^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- s 'S ^ et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. ti 3 Galles gers. ques. ^ ;i Larcin — Suite, 3 ' 1 1 2 22 86 4 97 1 13 31 14 11 7 4 21 6 24 22 7 22 2 12 53 2 34 7 14 6 7 6 41 36 2 1 3 21 12 25 5 15 8 9 72 498 1 4 1 4 "u 2 1 4 "11 1 20 13 ■■72' 3 4 ...... I 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 6 2 5 1 58 1 22 "io' 4 1 "9" " "i' "3' 5 ' "i' 21 86 "ii4" 1 10 33 18 11 5 4 22 6 16 29 5 22 3 14 58 8 12 11 10 2 35 33 2 1 3 20 6 .27 3 15 7 8 83 694 9 4 2 * 2 n 7 7 7 1 1 1 7 10 1 6 4 19 9 2 1 11 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 4 2 3 6 1 11 10 2 9 I 1 1 6 ■'io' '"2 3 11 15 2 ""2 '" i' 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 8 2 6 3 1 8 1 8 9 3 26 "1' 6 2 I 5 2 ""4 4 9 12 1 4 5 6 5 " '6 3 1 1 2 4 3 2 10 7 1 1 3 ..... 1 1 ... ^. 9 3 2 2 ""]' 1 1 " 1 ' i J 2 1 2 7 3 3 -I "4 2 "1 ""2 '3 ""2 "'1' 2 1 1 4 ' i' 3 "8 11 1 ■42' 1 2 4 2 4 1 "'"'i 1 1 3 14 1 2 1 1 "2 1 "3 1 1 1 '"'"i i' ■■■ i "i 1 y ""2 1 6 6 4 1 9 2 ' '2 5 " 1 1 "2 1 6 1 5 1 5 ""1 19 110 1 3 1 5 • 2 4 10 9 1 — i- 4' "'2' 1 "9' 7 2 1 ■■3' 19 6 2 5 2 1 "si' i 13 3 2 2 4 27 142 1 3 5 14 284 "2 1 18 117 8 3 2 3 3 99 5 26 1 23 ■4' 2 13 ....^. 152 40 25 1,283 85 64 4 32 444 418 279 217 178 54 1,492 172 1 10 70 8 2 15 1 5 130 1 '"'1' 3 137 3 2 79 7 3 21 4 2 18 3 "14' 4 28 2 2 259 20 17 63 8 13 2 7 1 39 5 72 15 8 88 18 1.36 ' 1 143 88 28 23 14 34 281 61 118 Table i. CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed Reite- 2nd. rated. Con- I Plus dam- ; de 2 nes recidi deux SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^s. fois. With i ! the [ option ' ofa I fine. . Sur option entre la pri- ! son I j ou I'a- 1 m'nde No Option. Sans option One Un- der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. L arcei ly- —Concluded. Cariboo, B.C. .... 3 122 »,34 40 29 228 2 39 1 8 1 51 1 76 32 31 28 1 75 27 27 22 1 4 2 4 2 2 ""2 45 24 10 626 Vancouver, B. C Victoria, B. C . . . 7 i 8 2 2 2 10 2 Westminster, B.C Yale, B.C 1 2 Totals of British Columbia. . 168 152 11 0 2 105 15 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 86 45 30 15 54 30 52 28 2 2 44 23 7 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 2 Totals of Alberta 131 100 88 62 250 45 40 19 36 95 84 80 4 67 9 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 58 69 26 52 60 25 5 7 1 1 2 "i 50 c49 23 1 6 Saskatchewan, Saskat 2 1 Totals of Saskatchewan 153 137 13 3 1 122 7 Yukon 39 23 15 12 2 1 1 9 Totals of Canada 5,007 ITO 119 3m, 2f 3,710 2,998 382 330 379 1,647 167 Larceny from dwelling houses. Hastings, Ont 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 ""1" 1 Northumberland & Durham, 0 . . . i Manitoba, Central ' Yale. B.C... 1 1 — Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 1 1 — Yukon .... 5 5 2 2 1 4 — Totals of Canada 11 1 10 6 2 2I 2 4 Larceny from the person. Cape Breton, N.S Halifax, N.S 2 3 "i' 1 1 2 1 1 "i 1 St. John, N.B 2 2 1 1 21 1 3 1 28 2 2 1 York, N.B - ! Bedford, yue Iberville, Que "i 16 1 1 1 '1' 6 1 1 1 '" 3 7 rf7 Montreal, Que 4 1 2 Quebec, Que "'i' I St. Francis, Que 2 St. Hyacinthe, Que ., 7 1 Totals of Quebec 20 10 3 7 9 3 a 1, Nolle prosequi. h One, both jail and S50 — JJn, la prison et S50. f 4, jail and S191 in all— 4, la prison et S191 en tout, d Jail and S'25 — La prison et .$25. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 119 Tableau I. Uelits sans violence centre la propriete. ClASSE III. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and I'ive D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cial- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. De En- Autres Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- at et vie. prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns pluj. de Re- tevirs. 9ants. trials. sions liers. vage. taires. de forme. libe- cinq. rales. Larcin — Fin. 1 al «11, d2 a2 a\ " i' 19 9 8 "i 10 4 1 3 "i 1 18 8 16 10 1 6 2 1 2 3 7 8 7 1 3 3 1 10 ■ ?, 21 7 19 2 5 20 1 36 1 18 53 25 22 85 3 3 1 ""l ! 8 3 2 4 al 10 " 1 4 1 ■ ■•! 1 8 5 10 1 1 1 a4 a2 rt3 "9 4 " "5" 1 11 D 1 5 1 1 4 20 5 12 1 1 9 6 6 4 13 6 25 1 a3, 61 3 1 2 2 3 9 196 22 : 243 1,056 81 459 ISti 418 14 1,472 ; 668 91 2,610 Vol dans de? maisons habitees. 1 1 "i i' 1 al 1 1 1 1 al 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 al . . 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 ; 5 1 1 2 1 4 6 Vol sur la personne. 1 1 1 -— - 1 1 2 1 1 1 i , 1 1 1 '6 1 g' 3 1 4 1 a2 3 ^ 7 ^....., _ 1 ..... 1 1 1 al 4 ! 1 3 ' ! 3 , 1 5 ! 7 c-, 3 ! 10 a Sentence suspended —Sentence suspendue. b Bound to be rtf a good behaviour — Engagement de tenir une meilleure conduite. c WTiipped with consent of parents — Fouettes avec le consentement des parents. 120 CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IS WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DB LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM MITTEI). DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire oud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moirs de 40. 40 years Not and over, given. 40 ans Non- et plus, donne. Im- Mo- mo- de- de- rate rate CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. M. F. H. F F Mo; Im- dere mo- dere Larceny— Concluded. Carilx)u. Col.-B Vancouver. Col. -B . Victoria, Col.-B 1 21 3 6 1 16 6 12 11 46 51 18 69 57 45 20 122 'i 1 2 7 i 16 13 17 5 52 2 10 12 ■^ 27 8 2310 38 22 25 1 1 14 .. 3 .. 3 .. 4 1 1 33 12 11 9 "i' ■■3' 9 9 4 3 i' 1 1 13 14 Yale, Col.-B 14 1 10 Totaux dela Col.-Britann. . 31 99 3 20 — 6 "4" 4 ii' 2 13 .... 65 1 6 7 12 4 16 4 'i' 1 25 2 38 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 2 1 12 "i 1 2 2 "i' Totaux d Alberta 2 13 ! 1 3 Assiniboia, Est, Sask Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat "3 1 "20" "4 5 1 - ? 1 Totaux de Saskatchewan . . 4 25 ! 4 1 1 3 Yukon 10 2 .. 1 729 64 6 1426 1 49 3 358 2 41 1 Totaux du Canada 371 i 2,914 i 59 ' .572 118 346 975 Larceny from dwelling hot ises. Hastings, Ont Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . . 1 ■• •■ 1 ...1-- - 1 2 1 1 .... 1 1 — - Manitoba, Centre * — 1 — 1 1 5 10 Yale, Col.-B 1 — Alberta, Sud., AFta 1 1 — 2 3 1 3 3 — ■V 1 5 ■ ... !.... 1 — 2 1 .... — Totaux du Canada 1 9 1 1.... Larceny from the person. 1 — 1 1 1 TTolifQv V V i ^ 1 2 — O*. Tpan "V -Vi York, N.-B 1 — — Bedford, Que 1 14 1 7 1 1 5 9 . . 3 1 4 3 IT 1 St. Francois, Que St. Hyacmthe, Que 1 1 1 1 — 1 9 4 Totaux de Quebec 3 16 1 1 4 1 6 .13 STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE— 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 121 Tableau i. Delits sang violence centre a propriete. ClASSE III. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Fo- Bri- R. Other V "8 Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- ^ 'E Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- Bap- tists. Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. >• "S Eng- ses- lies. dists. tions. i 1 o land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — tes- — > 1 iS Wales nada. — Autr's tants H -S — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's •V "i . Angle Etats tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- i 1 og terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- % ' -^t et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. Galles gers. que. Q -^ Larcin — Fin. 1 1 26 6 7 5 6 3 6 5 "1 1 2 4 5 1 1 11 1 "2' "3 3 8 2 2 2 2 3 72 24 17 8 121 1 11 11 2 4 "3 4 1 2 12 4 10 4 2 14 2 ;; ;;; 4 7 26 11 3 55 20 26 j... . 1 19 13 6 3 13 9 28 :.:::-i:::::- ■"'e' -4 31 ... 3 "e" 4 2 1 4 2 3 1 6 2 \ 1 « 4 - 3 .. . 1 4 2 3 1 3 6 10 i 8 1 1 ... 10 4 2 1 3 - 3 8 3 5 1 5 2 2 15 4 11 2 9 1 14 3 3 . . 3 11 6 7 2 19 13 1 3 3 3 ,. ... 4 2 3 11 3 1 320 83 46 2,'484 166 263 12 63 1,503 665 350 292 259 135 2.934 460 Vol dans des maisons habitees. ""2 1 1 1 '.'•'.'. .'.'.'.'.'. 1 1 . ... 1 1 2 1 1 ... 1 1 1 .. .., .... 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 ^1 i- -1 i • '! 5 5 . . . . 4 1 5 .... '>, 1 1 1 1 .... 5 10 1 . . Vol sur la personne. j 1 1 . . 1 ....j 1 1... . .... 1 1' 1 i.. .., 1 1 i 1' i ^ 1 1 1 14 1 ' 2 ..... 1 14 1 1 \ ; , 1 1 18 : i 2 18 i 1 ....1 1 19 122 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OtJ L'OFFENSE A ET6 COMMISE. Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained for Lu- nacy. Nombre d'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam- nes Reite- rated. Plus de 2 recidi- SENTENCE. COMMITl'ED TO JaIL EMPRISONNilS. deux ves. fois. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- nie'de No Option. Sans OPTION Un- der one year. Moins d'un an. Ope year and over. Un an et pins. Larceny from the person— Concluded. Algoma and Manitonlin. Ont 1 1 11 1 5 1 4 2 4 1 1 2 13 l' 6 1 1 1 5 1 3 5 1 2 5 1 1 Elgin, Ont. Grey, Ont 2 1 3 1 Middlesex, Ont 1 2 1 1 I 1 4 "'i' 1 1 1 1 3 1 "'i' ""V 1 1 "i" 2 1 Oxford Ont .... 3 1 '1 :::: Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . , York Ont 1 8 1 1 1 47 25 21 17 2 2 13 3 1 5 1 1 5 1 5 ■" i 1 1 1 - 1 Totals of Manitoba 7 1 6 6 1 2 1 3 1 5 "2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Victoria, B.C Yale, B.C .... "'1' 2 — Totals of British Columbia. . 3 3 1 Saskatchewan, Saskat 1 1 1 3 Totals of Canada 97 40 54 39 6 9I 23 10 Stealing registered letters and other mail matters. Albert N.B . .. 1 - ... . 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 " i St. Francis, Que Three Rivers, Que 1 - 1 4 1 3 3 1 3Iuskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . . Oxford Ont 1 1 2 1 1 0 "2 "'"1 1 York Ont 1 - 4 3 a2 14 2 3 . . .j 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 i Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 0 ' 10 7 1 . . a 1, Nolle prosequi.* STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 9 05 . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 123 Tableau 1. Delits sans violence contre la propriete. ClASSE III. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. _ Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiNITENCIER. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over — — — De En- Autres — — — — — * — — — — Deux Cinq mort vo/es Senten- ans ans A vie ^la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 5ants. triels. sions liers. vage.. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq me. rales. Vol sur la personne — Fin. 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 a2 1 3 1 .... 1 ol 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 '.111. 2 3| 1 2 3 12 fi 1 in 1 1 aZ 1 3 1 4 S 1 3 1 2 4 1 1 1 . 1 .... ^. 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 al 8 3 10 1 2 8 1 10 22 14 5 32 Vol de lettres chargees et autres matieres postales. 1 . ._ _ 1 1 2 1 ... 2 ' "1' 2 1 .. .! 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 ""2 1 1 al 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 I 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 3 4 4 a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. 124 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Offences against property without violence. Class hi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DK LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable dt lire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- ta y. Ele- men- t-iire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non donne. Mo- de- rate iSIo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMxMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Larceny from the person- —Concluded. Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont Brant Ont 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 Elgin, Ont Grey, Ont 1 1 1 3 1 1 "i' 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 •? Oxford Ont 1 1 1 1 1- 1 3 7 'a" Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., 6. . . York Ont . ... 1 1 8 "i' 1 5 .... .... - 4 2 5 1 1 2 19 14 5 3 2 •• 9, • — 3 2 — 3 5 9. — Victoria Col -B 1 1 1 1 1 2 Yale Col -B 1 1 — 2 1 1 ! 5 1 — 21 Totaux du Canada 6 ; 44 1 1 6 23 6 12 29 Stealing regis terer letters and other mail matters. Albert N -B 1 j -■ 1 1 1 1 1 — Montreal, Que 2 1 1 - 1 2 1 - 1 "i - 1 Totaux de Quebec I 2 9 — 1 Muskoka et Parry Sound, 0. . . Oxford, Ont ....'. York Ont ■::• 1 "" 2 1 2 2 2 2 i 5 — 1 -^ 1 1 - 3 1 — Alberta Sud Al'ta 1 1 — Totaux du Canada . . 1 : 7 3 4 1 2 3 STATISTIQUE CR I MIN ELLE — 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 125 Tableau i. Delits sans violence conti-e la propriete. Classe III. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Other Fo- Bri- R. Deno- © Iles Britaxniques. reign tish Ca- Ch.of Me- Pres- mina- ::; u Uni- ted Onnn Pos- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. > OD Eng- tries. ses- lics. dists 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- — o 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — tes- -2 Wales nada.- — Autr's tants Autr's H *E Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- TS Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- c3 ^'i terra Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. sions. -^s et lando se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. -t> a.ii Galles gers. ques. o « Vol sur la personne — Fii 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 ""'i' 3 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 ■'3' 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 "i 1 1 1 1 1 .... i .... 1 2 1 17 2 1 2 10 6 1 1 1 20 1 1 ■'3 1 ' 1 j 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 . ... 1 1 1 1! 2 5 1 "'i' 1 "i "i' 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 40 6 3 2 32 7 2 3 2 3 49 3 Vol de lettres chargees et < iutres matieres postales. . . 1 1 1 1 i 2 1 1 2 ... . 2 1 1 i 1 ' 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 ..... ! 1 . ...! 2 1 2 1 1 __ 1 3 - i I 1 1 1 1 ... 7 . .. 1 i 4 1 1 5 3 126 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Malicious offences against property. Class fv. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus IK)ur cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- victed 1st. Con- victed 2nd. Total. Con- dam - Con- dam- nes une fois. nes deux fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^s. With the option of a fine. Sur option eutre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- One der year one and year. over. MoLns Un d'un an et an. plus. Arson. Cape Breton, N.S 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 Halifax, N.S. 1 2 3 1 2 King's, N.S 1 Totals of Nova Scotia 4 2 2 Gloucester, N.B St. John, N.B "i "1 — 1" "" Arthabaska, Que Bedford, Que 1 1 1 1 "i' 1 1 if Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que St. Francis, Que.. . 2 1 1 — 1 Totals of Quebec 8 1 1 2 1 1 o 1 1 2 1 6 2 1 2 1 6 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont Bruce, Ont 1 1 al ""i 1' 1 1 "1 1 Carleton, Ont 1 i ...... Halton, Ont Hastings, Ont. 1 Leeds and Grenville, Ont Lincoln, Ont ... 1 1 Nipissing, Ont 6 " 1 1 1 1 '" i ""i' 1 Northumberland & Durham, Ont.. Peel, Ont "2' 3 2 Thunder Bay & Rainy River, Ont. . Wellington, Ont .Wentworth, Ont 2 1 3 York, Ont 1 ... i 3 2 1 1 Totals of Ontario. . . . 31 2 1 1 12 1 1 13 '10 5 3 2 2 Manitoba, Central 1 "' 1 1 ...... 1 Manitoba, Eastern Manitoba, Western • ■ "1 — 1 1 1 3 2 3 i' 1 2 3 1 1 Yale, B.C. "3 Alberta Northern, Al'ta ::::.i-.-; Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 5 1 .... Totals of Canada 64 29 If 1 29 18 1 5 1 6 2 .5 a Threats of arson— Menaces d'incendier. STATISTIQUE C R 1 MINELLE — 1 90 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 127 Tableau I. Dommages malicieux k la propriete. Classe IV. SENTENCE. CIVIL OCCUPATIONS. CONDITION Penitentiary. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PilNITENCIER. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort. voyes Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs.' gants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq. me. rales. Incendie criminel. 1 1 1 2 1' 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 j.. .. ] 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 ""l" "i l' 2 1 2 2 ! 1 2 1 1 t " i 1 j "i 1 1 1 ... 1 1 1 1 «1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :: '..i 1 1 1 j 1 1 a6 6 ... . 6 al 1 a2 ... ^. ■ "3 2 2 10 6 2 1 6 o 1 15 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 . .. ' 1 j ' j 1 ' 2 9 1 10 9 4 1 3 ' 8 7 1 21 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 128 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Malicious offences against property Class [V. EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. LIQUORS. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. ' INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — • — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI - Inca Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. — CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lUe ud'e- taire. — — — — — — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Arson. Cap-Breton, N.-E 1 1 '2' . . 1 Halifax, N.-E 2 1 9 King's, N.-E 1 1 2 .... — Totaux de la N.-Ecosse 4 2 2 ':_ -- '>, Gloucester, N.-B St. Jean, N.-B 1 |.. .. - 1 1 1 1 — — Arthabaska, Que 1 Bedford, Que Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que St. Frangois, Que Terrebonne, Que 1 1 ^ 2 2 1 — — 3 Totaux de Quebec 1 2 2 — — Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont .... Bruce, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 Carleton, Ont 1 1 Fi'ontenac, Ont 1 1 1 Halton, Ont 1 1 1 1 Hastings, Ont 1 1 1 Leeds et Grenville, Ont 1 Lincoln, Ont Nipissing, Ont 1 1 6 1 1 Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . . 1 2 1 Peel, Ont 4 6 Th'derBayetRainyRiv.,Ont. . Waterloo, Que .... 1 1 1 Wellington, Ont Wentworth, Ont ■'3 York, Ont 2 2 1 8 3 11 — 4 3 im 1 1 - Totaux d'Ontario 1 17 7 Manitoba, Centre 1 Manitoba, Est Manitoba, Ouest 1 1 1 - 1 — 1 Westminster, Col.-B 1 Yale, Col. -B — - Alberta, Nord, Al'ta i Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 1 - Assiniboia, Est, Saskat ! Saskatchewan, Saskat - - 18 Yukon 5 2 2 27 2 7 13 10 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 129 Tableau i. Dommages malicieu X a la 1, propriete. ClASSE IV. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Deno- S Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- mina- ^ 'u Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. tions. f> ^ Eng- lics. dists 1 Q land I.e- Scot- States sions. Pro- — s 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- ^ -2 Wales nada. — Autr's tants Autr's H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- T3 Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- ^ QS terra Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. sions. M -^f. et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. •;- 2 s Galles gers. ques. 5 Pi Incendie criminel. 1 2 1 # 1 1 2 2 1" 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 ""l' , "1 1 1 1 1 1' 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 ' i ... ^. ' i 1 1 1 "' 6 '"'i' 1 "i' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "l' .:.:.. I 4 1 "2 1 1 1 6 1 1 3 2 2 2 6 1 3 2 1 2 11 1 5 10 8 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 23 1 1 4 5 6 5I .^ . 1 Ifi 1 1.S 17—9 130 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906 Table i. Maliciows oflFences against property. Class iv. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OIJ L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de foUe. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPRISONNis. Total. Con- Con- victed victed Reite Ist. 2nd. rated, Con- Con- dam- I dam- fois. nes deux fois. Plus de2 recidi ves. With the option of a fine. ' Sur option I eutre la pri- son jou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option. Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. , plus. Malicious injury to horses, cattle and other wilful damage to property. Queen's, P.E.I « i 4 - 4 4 4 Antigonish, N.S Cape Breton, N. S CnlrViPstpr N S 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 * Cumberland, N.S Halifax, N.S 1 1 1 — Gloucester, N.B Kent, N.B 1 1 — 1 ', Arthabaska, Que Bedford, Que 6 2 2 6 3 . 1 ' i 6 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 " "2" 1 1 1 . . . . 1 3 2 Montreal, Que Ottawa, Que "2 2 3 St. Francis, Que 1 4 3 ... • 1 2 1 Totals of Quebec 23 8 ! 14 9 2 3 2 1 1 Brant, Ont 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 1 " i' 1 "i 1 i 1 1 Lambton, Ont Lincoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont Northumberland & Durham, Ont.. Perth Ont . • 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 2 1 "3' 1 "i 1 ... 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 Peterborough, Ont Stoi-mont, D'das & Glengary, 0. . . Victoria, Ont Welland, Ont York, Ont 4 1 6 1 "i 1 4 2 '< . .. •■ i ■ 1 6 . . . . 1 i 1 9 1 6 2 1 1 Totals of Ontario 38 1 18 19 18 1 1 ' 7 4 j 1 Manitoba, Central Manitoba, Eastern I 6 1 1 1 5 5 ... 1 . n n 6 f> " 4 2 Westminster. B.C Yale, B.C 4 6 4 4 1 5 4 1 2 1 7 7 ; ; Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 9 3 7 9 8 4 3 4 6 5 5 i... . 1 '.'.".'.'.\'.'."." "3 2 2 3 3 2 I Yukon _11'_ 2 1 1| Totals of Canada 144 1 76 65 57 1 4 4 23 IS 3 STATISTIQUE CRl MINELLE — 1 905. 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Table AC I. Doramages malicieux a la propriete. ClASSE IV. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitknciek. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Fi\-e D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- d-is- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort. voyes Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'n§ plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq. me. rales. Dommages malicieux anx ehevaux, bestiaux et autres dommage s volontaires a la propriete. ' 1 " " i i ^ . . . ' . ' 3 4 1 - 1 1 ' 1 ; •■■• 1 1 1 1 ' i 1 ".'.'.'.{'.'.'.'.'. ... ^. " '2 aS 2 1 4 2 ai 4 1 3 i 2 1 6 2 2 10 1 1 1 ""i ""i' ' 1 1 . .. 1 al 1 ! 1 1 . . . . . 1 1 .... ! "2 . . 1 ai' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 a.5i.:: :: 1 2 1 4" ■■ ■ ' 1 1 . ...,...! 7'...; 1 ' 3 ! 2 11 4 1 14 1 1 , 1 4 ao 5 1 1 2 ! 3 3 2 3 2 i ai . 5 1 4 .. " i' 1 3 2 9. 2 2 1 2 "• ■" 1 _.__ 1 20 11 6 -S fi 1 29 17 4 -f-i a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 17— 9i 132 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Malicious offences against property Class [V. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES USE OP LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire oud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. EM- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ?ns. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES Otj L' OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Malicious injury to horses, cattle and other wilful damage to property. Queen's, I. du P.-E 4 4 4 — — Antigonish, N.-E Cap-Breton, N.-E Colchester, N,-E Cumberland, N.-E Halifax, N.-E 1 1 1 .... — . -^ — Gloucester, N. -B Kent. N.-B - _::,_■ 1 ::ii • — Arthabaska, Que 1 1 Bedford, Que Gaspe, Que , 1 3' 1 3 .... 3' 2 1 Montreal, Que () 1 3 Ottawa, Que 1 2 Richelieu, Que St. Frangois, Que 3 1 4 1 3 - 2 5 ' 1' 1 4 - 6 Totaux de Quebec 5 9 3 S — Brant, Ont 1 .... Carleton, Ont 1 Hastings, Ont 1 Kent. Ont Lambton, Ont i 1 1 1 1 Lincoln. Ont 1 1 1 Middlesex, Ont 1 Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . . Perth. Ont 1 3 1 1 6 "i "2 1 1 1 3 Peter L>orough, Ont Stonii't, D'dasetGlengarry,0. . Victoria, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Welland, Ont 1 1 3 1 York. Ont 1 5 , 4 8 1 4 "I 1 1 - 6 13 1 5 — Totaux d 'Ontario 2 17 1 ft Manitoba, Centre 1 Manitoba, Est 5 1 - - Vancouver. Col.-B Westminster, Col.-B .S 1 — 3 .5 1 2 5 1 2 2 9, Yale. Col.-B o .... - Alberta, Nord, Al'ta Alberta, Sud, Al'ta Assiniboia, Est, Saskat Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat Saskatchewan, Saskat 3 2 3 2 4 i' ... . 1 "i 2 2 37 1 8 . .. 1' 2 Yukon 2 4 - 12 2 Totaux du Canada 11 51 3 1 2 .. 42 22 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 133 Tableau i. Dommages nialicieux a la propriete. Dlasse IV. BIRTH PLACES. — RELIGIONS. RESI- LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. DENCE. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other 00 Iles Britaxniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- u Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. h ho- dists. byte- rians. > 1 Eng- tions. a lard Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- a 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — tes- ^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants H 'u — — — Avi- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's 'V "So Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- ^ as terra Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- -n et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. .2 u 3 GaUes gers. ques. O X Dommages mahcieux aux ehevaux, bestiaux et autrss dommages volontaires a la propriete. 1 4 ■ 4 4 ... 1 1 ; .... 1 1 1 1 ...: T'i 1 ! i j 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 6 2 2 6 2 I 4 1 4 1 3 14 12 2 7 ' i 1 1 ^ 1 1 "'i' '.'.'.'. 1 " i 1 1 1" 4 1 ■■3' 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 ' 1 2 1 1 .. .^ 6 1 ' 2 16 1 ... ■ ■•• 9 5 2 2 .... 16 3 ■ 1 1 1 5 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 4 "4 1 1 4 1 'i ! 2 ■" 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 H . . . ! 2 1 .37 10 9 ' 31 1 11 6 ! 4 4 8 ' 38 27 134 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906 Table i. Forgery and oflFences against the currency. Class v.- JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained for Lu- nacy. Nombre d'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprison'nes. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- jam- nes une iois. Con- I victed Reite- 2nd. rated. Con- dam- nes deux fois. Plus de2 recidi- With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No option. Sans option. One Un- der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Currency, offences against Forgery and uttering forged documents. Cape Breton, N.S 3 1 2 2 — Kamouraska, Que 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '. . Montreal, Que i St. Francis, Que 1 i 1 Leeds and Grenville, Ont 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 Perth, Ont York, Ont "i — 1 \ Totals of Canada 13 3 10 9 1 I 2 Cape Breton, N.S 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 3 1 f Colchester, N.S Halifax, N.S 3 3 — 2 1 Totals of Nova Scotia 8 1 5 5 3 — Madawaska, N. B 1 1 Arthabaska, Que 1 12 5 1 11 4 1 1 " 1' 1 ! Montreal, Que 1 1 1 2 5 St. Francis, Que — Totals of Quebec 18 2 16 11 2 3 5 Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont 4 1 14 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 2 8 5 7 2 14 1 3 1 12 1 2' 1 1 4 1 1 • 2 2 2 1 4 4 7 2 14 2 1 5 1 ""i' 1 1 1 1 ■ 2' 2 1 1 4 2 4 2 12 ■ '3' 1 "4 2 Bruce, Ont "2 1 Carleton, Ont 2 "i' 5 Frontenac, Ont "i Grey, Ont.. . "i" ■ Haldimand, Ont Halton, Ont 1 Huron, Ont Lambton, Ont "i 1 1 3 i . 2 1 ..... 2 Lincoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . . Nipissing, Ont •. '""i' " i 3 ""2 " i' Oxford, Ont ■;:-! \ Simcoe, Ont .. . 1 4 1 Thunder Bay & Rainy River, Ont.. Waterloo, Ont 2 1 Welland, Ont 3 2 2 Wentworth, Ont York. Ont 1 1 Totals of Ontario 79 13 65 44 15 6 1 24 14 STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE— 190 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 135 Tableau I. Faux et'delits par rapiKjrt a la monnaie. Cl.asse v. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitextiart. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitexcier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Jb'ive D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dns- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes, veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. fants. triele. sions liers. vage. taires. de Reform libe- cinq. me. rales. Delits par rapport a la monnaie. 2 1 ! 1 2| 2 1 ""'l' . 1 1 1 ... . al j 1 ... 1 a2 al 1 ! 2 1 1 ... 1 "i 1 . "l' i 2 1 1 ' 3 i 4 1 ... 2 1 1 : 5! 5 .^ Faux et emission de faux documents. 1 1 1 . 1 - - 1 1 al '""l 2 s 1 , 1 ....i 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 1 "' i a3 1 al i 3 "'3 9 4 3 3 1 4 ; ! « 3 3 3 13 1 al 1 1 ... "^X:r. •••;•■ 2 1 2 1 9 ■ 3 1 1 4 .. .. 5 7 1 1 2 2 2 : 1 1 «1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 al .. i 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 , 2 3 1 7 1 ""2 1 2 1 1 2 ""2 1 1 1 2 2 ' "3 3 1 : .. . 1 a2 ■■■'S' 6 2 i ' a4 : i 12 13 2 1 10 i 7 22 11 19 14 3 45 a .Sentencp suspended— Sentence suspendne. 136 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Forgery and offences against the currency. Cl.4Ss V. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUOR -S. USAGE DK LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable delire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- doime. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIATRES Ot L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Currency, offences against. Cap- Breton, N.-E 2 ■ ' . . - 2 .... 2 i ... 1 — Kamoura'ika, Que li 1 1 1 Montreal, Que i 1 2 2 1 St. Fran9ois, Que .... 1 i. 1 ... 1 1 - 2 .. 1 ... 8 Leeds et Grenville, Ont 2 ! 1 ' ' Perth, Ont 2 ! 1 j 1 York, Ont 1 1 — Totaux du Canada 2 8 I 7 3 Forgery and uttering forged documents. Cap-Breton, N.-E 1 3 1 1 1 Colchester, N.-E 1 2 1* 3 1 1 8 3 3 1 4 Halifax, N.-E — 1 I — Totaux de la N. -Ecosse .... 5 •.■ • • ^ Madawaska, N.-B 1 1 - — Arthabaska, Que Montreal, Que 1 11 2 1 0 2 (! St. Francois, Que 1 1 2 ! Totaux de Quebec 1.5 1 1 2 12 1 7 2 9 — Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. 1 2 1 5 1 .. 1 2 i' 8 Bruce, Ont Carleton, Ont 7 4 1 6 Frontenac, Ont .... Grey, Ont Haldimand, Ont 2 1 1 4 1 ] 2 Halton, Ont 1 Huron, Ont 1 1 1 1 "i" Lambton, Ont 3 Lincoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont 1 Mu.skoka et Parry Sound, Ont. . . Nipissing, Ont 2 1 , 1 2 1 1 2 Oxford, Ont 2 9. Simcoe, Ont "l 1 '2 4 3 2 14 37 Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., 0. . . Waterloo. Ont 3 4 3 o 10 4 1 7 2 11 37 0 3 Welland, Ont. 4 4 "9 — i 9 4 Wentworth, Ont York, Ont . . 12 4 — Totaux d 'Ontario 2 44 17 1 3 23 STATISTIQUE C RIMIN ELLE— 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 137 Tableau i. Faux et delits par rapport a la monnaie. Classe v. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other Fo- Bri- R. Other OJ Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- 7S •c Uni- ted Coun- Pr.c. Bap- tists. Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. > "S ' Eng- tries, ses- lies. dists. tions. i Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — ■ — — tes- — '^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants H b — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's "S aa . Angle Etats tres sions tistes . thoh- d'An- tho- byte- con- c8 1 fi P terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. Galles gers. que. O Pi Delits i^ar r apport a la monnaie. 2 1 1 2 1 1 .. . 1 "l i ... . 1 1 . 1 2 1 1 2 "'l' 2 1 1 "l' 2 1 1 6 1 2 i 4 3 1 1 , 1 7 3 Faux et emission de faux documents. 1 1 1 • ■ ""i 1 2 1 ■:-.!-:-...\ 1 ... \ i 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 ... ^ 1 1 |- •• ■ - 1 2 1 7 2 ■-,f-Y ! 1 ' ... . 6 ' 4 . . . . "3 ■ ■ • • "ii 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 ; .. 10 2 1 ... . 7 5 3 i 13 3 ••- : 3 1 1 3 "12" 1 1 1 1 1 ..:::. 11 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ""i ■■3' 1 1 1 2 2 1 " i 1 ' 1 1 '■E- ■■•l " i' 1 " i '2 "i 1 2 .. . . 1 2 4 3 1 1 i 1 1 1 "1 2 "4 2 13 2 3 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 .. 2 2 1' 2 3 1 9 2 1 2 .. j .... 6 1 7 I 30 5 « ' 18 i 15 8 11 2 7 49 15 138 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Forgery and offences against the currency. Class v. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus I)our cause de folie. M. F ' CONVICTIONS. COND AMNATIONS . Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- I victedlReite- 2nd. i rated. Con- Plus dam- I de 2 nes recidi- deux SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprlsonnes . fois. ves. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou Ta- rn'nde No Option. Sans option Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Forgery and uttering forged documents — Concluded. Manitoba, Central 2 44 6 2 44 6 2 21 5 '. 1 Manitoba, Eastern . Manitoba, Western .... - 10 1 13 1 4 6 5 Totals of Manitoba — ... 52 6 5 1 6 .... "i' 52 28 11 13 11 5 Vancouver, B. C 5 5 ■'6 5 3 4 "2 ■;;;;■ 3 Victoria, B.C Westminster, B.C . Yale, B.C 2 1 1 2 Totals of British Columbia. . 18 3 2 2 2 16 12 4 1 4 2 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 1 2 1 1 i' Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 4 2 l' \ 4 1 1 Saskatchewan, Saskat 1 Yukon 2 189 2 95 163 108 33 22 9. 48 22 Other o fences nc )t inc luc ed in t he fore going c lasses. Class VI. Carrying unlawful weajxjns. Queen's, P.E.I 2 1 1 1 1 - Cape Breton, N.S Colchester. N.S 1 2 1 2 1 2 . . 1 ' ""2 - King's, N.B 1 1 ! Montreal, Que 41 2 2 45 4 1 o 37 1 9. 36 1 " i 1 1 30 1 1 2 St. Francis, Que - 1 Totals of Quebec .. 40 37 1 2 32 2 Brant, Ont 1 3 1 1 3 1 4 2 2 2 1 3 ' "l 2 1 3 ... ^. 1 3 Carleton, Ont Elgin, Ont 1 "1' Essex, Ont Frontenac, Ont 1 1 1 1 2 Grey, Ont Kent, Ont 3 1 2 1 2 '"2 1 1 2 1 1 1 Middlesex, Ont Nipissing, Ont 1 Oxford, Ont 1 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 19(J5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 139 Tableau I. Faux et delits par rapport a la monnaie. Classe v. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL PiNITENCIKR. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Kive D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years C'ol- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — -- — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deiix Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeH- et et vie. prison cul- mer- teurs . dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns pluo. de Re- teurs . §ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de forme. libe- cinq. rales. Faux et emission de faux documents — Fin. 1 16 2 2 ft 1 «12 24 4 2 1 9 8 18 3 22 1 .... 2 17 6 1 12 28 3 9 11 21 i 3 ! 26 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 I 1 2 3 5 ? 1 3 2 6 6 3 4 1 7 2 1 13 1 2 2 2 2 a\ 1 j 1 ' l' 1 ; 1 1 i j 43 17 3 28 8 fi6 4 32 40 1 40 7 , 106 Autres delits non com pi is dans Ips cla.sses precedentes. Classe vi. 1 i*ort d'arnies. i legal. 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 - 1 ab 1 8 1 8 ' i 17 10 2 1 25 al 2 2 ... 1 . . 1 . . 6 1 8 1 8 1 19 10 3 27 1 1 1 i 3 2 1 1 &1' ■'i' ""i " 1 ... 1 1 2 " i 1* 1 "l 1 2 1 i ' 1 1 a\ 1 1 rt Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. h Concurrent with five years for burglary — Concourant avec cinq ans pour vc»l avec effraction. 140 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Forgery and offences against the currency Class V. EDUCATIONAL USE OF JUDICIAL DISTRICTS STATUS. AGES. LIQCOK8. IN \VHICH INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. ta y. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS .JUDI- Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE pable men- neure M. F M. F. M. c^'. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. dt lire oud'e- t-iire. — — — — — - — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Forgery anc uttering forged documents — ( Concluded Manitoba, Centre 2 41 1 2 1 1 4 2 Manitoba, Est 1 Manitoba. Quest 1 :... 1 . .. 7 1 8 34 3 37 3 5 2 i 1 40 2 42 3 2 .... Totaux de Manitoba 1 44 2 . . 3 Vancouver, Col. -B 1 3 Victoria, Col.-B | 3 ■» 4 1 Westminster, Col. -B ■ Yale, Col.-B 6 . - 2 2 2 10 2 2 5 9 1 2 1 2 JJ_ Totaux de la Col. -Britann 12 2 1 2 Alberta. Nord. At'la Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 2 2 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 ■ Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat Saskatchewan, Sask 1 i 1 l:. ... — Yukon 1 1 . _ . . 1 13 1 104 Totaux du Canada 3 125 23 4 23 104 18 39 Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Class vl Carry!) ig unlawful weaix)ns. Queen's, I. 'du P. -E 1 1 1 2 1 — — 1 2 Cap-Breton, N.-E 1 2 ' Colchester. N.-E — — King's, N.-B 1 — 9 22 1 2 1 3 — 10 Montreal, Que Quebec, Que 2 35 1 9 2 27 1 St. Fran5ois, Que 2 Totaux de Quebec 2 H8 1 2 - 9 1 25 1 3 12 1 2 98 — Brant, Ont i Carleton, Ont 3 3 1 Elgin, Ont Essex, Ont 1 2 1 2 1 Frontenac, Ont 2 Grey, Ont '. ... Kent, Ont 3 2 1 1 1 3 Middlesex. Ont 1 2 1 1 Nipissing, Ont .... ' i ;■"■ 1 2 Oxford. Ont 1 STATISTIQUE CR I M I X ELLE — 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 141 Tableau i. Faux et delits par capport a la monnaie. Classe v. BIKTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. — RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. | Other Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Deno- 1) -£ Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- mina- 3 'u Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. tions. > -*^ Eng- 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- s 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- ^ Walts nada. — Autr's tants Autr's H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- EgUse Me- Pres- con- -o ■g Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- c c3 a^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. sions. « -3 g et lando se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. •5 u 5 1^ Galles gers. ques. O Faux et emission de faux documents — Fin. ! 4 4 1 1 8 1 .... ] ! 1 2 26 1 . i ; 1 ;... . I .... 6 1 25 1 12 1 1 31 6 13 27 4 .5 9 1 3 ■ 7 26 .... 13 ! .. . 1 37 15 3 ■•■-■•i"^' 4 5 1 .■.■::::i.:...; 2 2 1 .... i!-. 5 ' 1 1 4 ".'.'.'.' \'.'.'.'.'. 5 1 1 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 14 9 1 1 2 2 2 1 t "i 2 2 2 1 1 . f 1 38 1 4 6 69 17 15 .... i 35 50 12 28 9 12 120 39 Autre? delits non compris dans les classes precedentes. Classe vi. Port d'armes illegal. 1 1 1 . . i 1 1 1 / 1 1 i' ■■ ■ 1 1 •••• 1 .' 1 1 1 . .. 1 1 2 j 1 6 1 12 1 2 2 15 1 1 1 1 23 '.) ' 1 1 . 4 37 1 2 • •■-! 1 2 6 1 15 2 15 1 26 9 1 4 40 1 1 '"2 . . . . " i' ".'.'.' "2 1 1 3 1 ! 1 2 1 1 2 j ■ 2 1 i 3 1 ""2 '.'.'.'. 1 .. 2 1 " i' 1 3 1 " 1 1 ..... .1 2 1 142 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other ofifences not included in the foregoing classes Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU LOFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges} ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. [ SENTENCE. I Committed to Jail I Empbisoknes. Total. Con- \'icted 1st. Con- dam- Con- \ victed Reite- 2nd. rated. Con- Plus dam- I de 2 nes j nes |recidi- une deux ves. fois. fois. With the option of a fine. Stir option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde I No Option. Sans option Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Carrying unlawful weapons — Concluded. Perth Ont 2 1 2 29 2 10 2 1 2 29 2 5 2 1 2 28 f 4 2 i 29 2 5 Welland Ont 1 "1 "5' 1 Wentworth Ont 66 10 55 49 6 50 2 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 - 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Victoria B C . . — 1 4 1 130 1 1 1 21 ' 3 .... " 3 - 3 i 1 108 98 8 2 88 10 1 Conspiracy. 7 1 14 2 1 3 1 7 4 4 ... . a2> W^entworth Ont 1 ^ "4' .... 1 York, Ont 4 1 8 8 8 ■ Totals of Canada 30 14 8 8, . .. 1 . ■. . . 1 3 Electoral Act, violation of the Halifax N S 2. 2 — i 1 ! 1 .;.__.' 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 Welland Ont [ — ' Westminster B C 2 2 2 1 5 ^ - 2' 1 1 ! 2 15 i 10 5 4 1 j 2 j 1 a Two, both jail and S200 each — Deu.v, la prison et S200 chaque. STATISTIQUE C RIM INELLE— 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 U3 Tableau I. Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes. ClASSE VI. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONT)ITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. ♦ — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiaJITENCIEK. mit- Two Refor- Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- et et pjrison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires; de Refor- Hbe- einq. ms. rales. Port d'armes Ulegal — Fin. al 44 " 22* 3 30 25 16 13 1 67 40 3 , 62 Conspiration. . . al\. . 2 2 2 2 : ' ! 1 ^ ' 64 1 i ;> 1 ': ' 1 ' .... i 5 3 . . 9 5 1 ! 1 Infractions a la loi electorale. 1 1 1 ■ 1 j ... . 1 a2 j 2 j 1 j .... 1 ^ 1 , 1 i 2 1 : 1 2 2 1 1 i 1 a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. b Crown case reserved — Cas de la Couronne reserve. 144 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Class vi. EDUCATIONAL U8K OK STATUS. LIQUORS. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE UE IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI Inca Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de2L de40. - CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Mo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de iiiC ud'e- taire. - - — — — - — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Carrying firearms and unlawfu \vea])ons — Concluded Perth, Oiit 2 1 2 29 5 1 1 2 ' l' 27 2 2 41 1 Prmcc-Edouard, Ont 1 2 28 2 4 47 1 Simcoe, Ont 1 Welland, Ont -- 1 4 — - 2 Wellington, Ont 2 Wentworth, Ont .... 1 4 1 -- i' 3 Totaux d 'Ontario 2 53 14 Manitoba, Est 1 Manitoba, Ouest - l' 2 1 — "i' Vancouver, Col.-B. 1 1 Victoria, Col.-B — — Alberta, Nord, Al'ta Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 3 — — Assiniboia, Est, Saskat 2 — 14 79 1 8 4 58 Totaux du Canada 4 97 1 43 Conspiracy. Montreal, Que 1 3 3 .... 1 ..... .. |.. 2 •T Wentworth, Ont York, Ont 2 2 1 1 2 :_ 4 0 - Victoria, Col.-B — 3 1 2 2 .J^^ Totaux du Canada 1 5 2 •) Electoral Act, violation of the Halifax, N.-E i 1 — 1 — - 1 Hastings, Ont 1 Middlesex. Ont Welland, Ont 1 1 — 2 2 4 - 2 3 Westminster, Col.-B. . 2 ... . — Alberta, Sud, Al'ta :.. 1 Totaux du Canada 2 .. . 1 .... STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 145 Tableaux i. Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes. Classe VI. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. — RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. Other Other — • Fo- Bri- R. Other S -2 Iles Beitanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- ^ *c Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- E-lR- tho- byte- nuna- > Enpr- ted tries. ses- tistg. lics. land. dists rians. tions. 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States ions. Pro- a 1 and land, land. Ca- — . — — — — , tes- ■^ w Wales nada. — Autr's tants H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's rs ai . Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- ^ n^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- 00 -if' et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. u 3 GaUes gers. ques. o fS" Port d'armes illegal— T^iJi. Conspiration. Infractions a la loi electorale. 2 1 1 ... ^. 1 1 2 1 "26' 2 5 1 1 1 25 . .. 1 27 2 2 2 l' 4 2 3 2 'a 1 1 1 1 1 4 16 35 2 40 4 3 1 1 4 47 8 1 1 1 1 '' 1 1 \ 1 1 3 1 1 .. i 1 1 . ... 1 1 i 1 1 ! \ .. .. 1 1 ' ■ ■ ' 1 : 11 i 2 1 34 3 53 . 1 1 2 ;G8 15 4 3 6 5 93 12 2[ .... 2 2 2 4 i 1 "I' 1 J 3 1 _ . _ i 4 1 1 ' 1 ! 1 5 j 2 2 i 6 8 i 1 1 _ 1 1 ' 1 i 1 .... 2 2 1 .... ■■ j .... 1 2 1 .... ^ 3 17—10 U6 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other ofiFences not included in the foregoing classes. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE Was COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A tT± COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. 1 Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. De- CONDAMNATIONS. i Con- Con- ivicted victed Reite- I 1st. 2nd. rated. Total. Con- dam- nes une fois. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonxes. Con- Plus dam- de 2 nes recidi- deux ves. fois. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No Option. Saxs option. Un- One der year one and year, over Moins Un d'vm an et an. plus. Forcible entry. Halifax. N.S 1 3 1 1 — 1 1 Montreal, Que ... 3 3 3 Yukon 1 5 1 1 — . . .. .. .. . ., .' . Totals of Canada . . 4 4 3 Gambling and lottery Acts offences against Halifax, N.S 8 8 - Bedford, Que 1 189 1 6 i9 1 170 1 6 1 165 1 1 97 1 .6 57 Montreal, Que Quebec, Que 5 St. Hyacinthe, Que 6 — Totals of Quebec 297 19 178 173 5 . 105 57 Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont Carleton, Ont Leeds and Grenville, Ont 1 5 2 1 2 9 7 1 13 4 "3' 1 2 2 1 2 8 7 ""e 1 1 2 2 1 2 8 7 "e 1 1 2 2 Lincoln, Ont ..'■::'i i Middlesex, Ont Perth, Ont 1' "1' 7 3 2 8 5 .... Welland, Ont Wellington, Ont Wentworth. Ont York, Ont - 1 1 Totals of Ontario 45 1 15 1 28 1 30 30 26 1 — Manitoba, Western A ancouver, B.C 125 104 18 97 103 18 97 103 14 89 103 18 2 j Westminster, B.C Yale, B.C 2 2 — 1 Totals of British Columbia. . 247 29 218 214 2 2 210 2 Alberta, Northern, Al'ta Alberta, Southern, Al'ta 1 1 2 1 i 2 1 1 1 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 1 ... ! .... Saskatchewan, Saskat 1 1 — Yukon 9 1 8 5 3 ... « «2 — Totals of Canada 512 76 436 424 10 2 1 348 62 a < )ne, both jail and $5.5 — Un, la prison et .So5. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 147 Tableau i. Autres delits non conipris dans les classes precedentes. ClASSE VI. SENTENCE. Penitentiary. Pekitencier. Two years and Five un- years der ; and Life, five. I over. Deux Cinq ans ans A vie et I et m'ns plus. de cinq . Com- I mit- I ted to Refor- Other , ma- Senten- D'th. (tories. ces. De ] En- I Autres mort I voyes : Senten- a la ces. pi •son de Refor- me. OCCUPATIONS. Agri- Com- In- Pro- cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- tui al. cial. mestic trial. sional Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- teurs. gants. triels. sions libe- rales. La- borers Jour- na- liers. CIVIL CONDITION. ETAT CIVIL. Mar- Wi- ried. dowed — En Ma- veu- nes. vage. Single CeU- ba- taires. Entree forcee. al Infractions aux lois defendant le jeu et les loteries. 1 . - - I 1 81 1 104 1 1 1 al6 81 6 1 5 66 I'"" 1 6 1 16 • 83 1 , . . 81 12 106 72 t 1 ; ... 'l 1 2 2 1 2 5 2 . 1 I" ■■ 1 1 . ...1 .... : 1 4 2 4 8 a2 ... 3 2 ! 1 ■■■■ al 2 3 1 2 1 4 1 i 3 1 11 1 10 6 16 14 1 ; 1 a6 1 16 6 ! 7 5 14 i 54 79 9 14 5 ""6 79 1 9 "i' 83 2 13 ..... 1 6 7 25 5 24 1 133 28 6 175 1 1 1 1 al" .. " i ' i 1 1 1 2 2 I 1 3 ■ " ■ ■ 1 26 7 ; 122 5 115 i 1 154 151 6 265 a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. 17-101 148 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. Un- able to read Ele- or write. men- tary. Inca- pable de lire OU d'e- Ele- men- taire. cnre. Supe- rior. Supe- AGES. U.SE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS Under 16 years j 21 years 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. and and 40 years i Not under 21. under 40. and over, i given. 16 ans I 21 ans et moins jet moins de2L de40. F M. F H. F. 1 M. F. H. 40 ans et plus. Non- donne. M. H. F ]lm- Mo- mo- de- de- rate rate Mo-;Im- dere|mo- idere Forcible entry. Halifax. N.-E 1 1 1 1 — 3 — Montreal, Que 3 S — — Yukon - 3 1 — 1 Totaux du Canada 4 s i i Gambling and lottery Acts , offences against Halifax, N.-E.. 1 167 1 (j 1 28 1 130 1 6 138 1 2 2 1 1 Montreal, Que Quebec, Que St. Hvacinthe, Que 3 - 5 ' 5 10 135 1 1 137 2 2 40 29 — Totaux de Quebec 3 175 40 — Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . . Carleton, Ont . . 1 2 2 1 2 8 7 1 1 Leeds et Grenville, Ont Middlesex, Ont 1 2 3 9| Perth, Ont 2 2 4 Welland, Ont 2 Wellington, Ont Went« orth, Ont 6 5 1 14 1 5 1 27 1 York, Ont i ^ 4 8 ■•V — Totaux d'Ontario 29 1 4 3 Manitoba, Ouest 7 14 57 64 17 138 19 25 1 45 14 - Vancouver, Col.-B 53 '2 34 6 16 Westminster, Col.-B 6 16 22 1 Yale. Col.-B ?, — 21 14 Totaux de la Col.-Britan. . . 55 56 2 Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 1 1 -Alberta, Sud, Al'ta — "i 5 21 _ Aseiniboia, Ouest, Saskat Saskatchewan, Sask — 2 291 2 1 83 ^' Yukon 4 4 ..... 35^ 192 Totaux du Canada .58 264 1 4 .. 45 STATISTIQUE C RIMIKE LL E— 1 905 . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 149 Tableau i. Antres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes Classe VI. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. — RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. Other Other Iles Britanniqces. Fo- reign Bri- tish R. Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Other Deno- J Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. 1 Eng- mina- tions. ft land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- i and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — tes- % -s Wales nada. — Autr's tants H ■c — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's •a ■2 J Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. thoh- d'An- tho- byte- s ftS terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. jpays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. •£ E5 3 Galles gers. ques. sions. O Entree forcee. i 1 1 1 1 1 i... . 1 ' li., I 1 1 .3 1 3 ^ 1 . .. i 3 1 1 ■ ' ••••■ ' : i i ■ 4 3 1 i 4 ,. 1 1 Infractions aux lois defendant le jeu et les loteries. I 1 j 1 88 1 6 1 1 1 8 •"••■• 74 86 1 6 36 3 3 41 170 1 6 8 96 74 93 36 3 3 2 41 177 1 1 ! 1 1 2 2 1 2 8 3 ' 6 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 ■ ■ ■ • 1 "2 "2 1 2 8 5 ■"e" 1 ... ^ i' 3 ' 1 4j .... " 4 1 1 1 25 3 1 1 11 10 4 3 2 26 4 ! i 6 '"'i' 2 13 ■■"'9 7 61 i 103 5 2 ■'4 1 "163 1 91 95 18 204 8 1 7 1 2 22 12 166 4 1 8 104 8 1 1 1 ', 1 1 I 1 2 1 1 3 416 1 1*; 2 •T hi; t; 1'4> 1 108 ' 47 IS 3 5 i 146 14 150 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. ' 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other oflFences not included in the foregoing classes. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MIT rED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CI AIRES Otj L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. Number of Charges Nombre d 'accu- sations. Ac- quit- ted. Ac- quit- tes. M. De- tained for Lu- nacy. De- tenus pour cause de folie. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- Con- victed victed Reit*^- 1st. 2nd. rated. Total. Con- dam - nes une fois. Con- Plus dam- j de 2 nes recidi deux ! ves. fois. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonnes. With No Option. the -^ option Sans option. of a fine. Un- One — 1 der year Sur one and option year. over. entre — — la pri- Moins Un son d'un an et ou I'a- an. plus. m'nde Indecent exposure and other offences against public morals. Colchester, N.S Halifax. N.S Yarmouth, N.S 1 2 1 1 , ""2 1 "2 1 .... - .... Bedford, Que Montreal, Que Quebec, Que St. Francis, Que 1 70 1 3 1 1 2 2 "i' "'i' "aH 2 2 67 1 64 1 2 1 "i 50 1 3 4 ! 3 1 Totals of Quebec 75 4 10 3 1 2 1 2 T 71 1 66 3 2 54 8 4 Brant, Ont 2 2 ... .. 1 2 i "3 ' 1 i ml 10 8 2, 2 Grey, Ont 1 Kent. Ont Lincoln, Ont Oxford, Ont Perth, Ont Simcoe, Ont Victoria, Ont Welland, Ont Wentworth, Ont York, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 i 12 1 1 2 : 2 1 1 1 1 i 2 .22 1 7 .... 1 14 14 Totals of Ontario .51 ! 12 1 1 36 32 1 3 25, 4 2 Manitoba, Eastern 1 .... 1 1 1 Vancouver, B.C.. 7 2 1 1 6 1 6 1 4 2 1 - Alberta, North, and South., AVta. 2 9 17 2 1 17 17 17 2 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 2 i 2 1 1 .... 4 Yukon ... .. .. 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 163 1 20 ml : 138 129 4 5 85 34 7 Perjury and subornotion of perjnry. Cape J-^reton N S 5 1 9 4 1 5 1 1 "i' 1 Cumberland, N.S . . '3 B .'.'.'.'.'.\ ' 1 Halifax N.S 1 j Totals of Nova Scotia 15 10 I 2 2 , 1 j Carleton, N.B 1 j ... . ; 1 ■ 1 I 1 a Five, both jail and .$190 in all— Cinq, la prison et $190 en tout. STATISTIQUE CR I M IN ELLE — I 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 151 Tableau I. Autres delits non compris dans les classes precudentes. ClASSE VI. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Pexitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — . Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — • — tural. cial. mestic trial, sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- .AUtres — — — — — — — — — Deux Ciaq mort voyes Senten- ans 'tns A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En CeU- at et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- Ube- cinq. ms. rales. Exposition indecente et antres delits contre la morale publique. 2 a5 •2 I 2 20 20 21 h-2 14 25 19 10 40 35 46 "i' 4.7 2 1 li 26 81 Parjure et subornation de parjure. 1 1 ".... '.'...'. «1 ' "i ... i 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 ....■ i i i! 1... . 1 « Sentence suspended — Sentence snspendue. b Unlawfully cohabiting, acquitted having married — CohaViitation illegale, acquittes, s'etant marie?^. 15- CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IX WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OIJ L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. Un- able to re.-wi Ele- or men- Supe- write. tary. rior. Inca- Ele- Supe- pable men- rieure de lire taire. oud'e- crire. AGES. Under 16 years 21 years 16 and and 40 years Not years, under 21. under 40. and over, given. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de et moins et moir.s et plus, donne. 16 ans. de 21. de 40. F M. F H. F. M. F. M. F. H. F. H F. M. F. H. F USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS Im- Mo- mo- de- de- rate rate Mo-|Im- deremo- dere Indecent exposure and other offences against public morals. 1 ; 1 1 . . . ' TTalifnY "V -F. 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 .%. — ' RpHford One ' • 1 Montreal, Que 1 66 1 ' 3 4 5 33 1 11 11 ... 34 1 33 St. Francois, Que ... 3 1 5 1 1 2 13 3 5 34 1 3 1 H 2 35 1 ? Totaux de Quebec 4 67 .■^ 36 Brant, Ont Carleton, N.-B Grey, Ont " 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 1 j TCpnt Ont. 1 1 "i ... 1 i ■ 1 1 1 1 Ppvth Ont ... . |. . . 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 WpllflnH Ont 1 1 i-... 1 1 8 .... 1 '.'.'.'. 4 9. 1 13 |.... 1 11 VnrV Ont 1 2 3 — 2 1 - 17 3 6 1 Totaux d'Ontario 2 i 22 2 ■ 7 1 ..|26 10 1 1 — Vancouver, Col.-t5 Westminster, Col. . B 6 1 3 i - 3 •s 1 1 - \.. ^. — 17 2 Assiniboia, Esi, Saskat Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat. .... ■■ ]■■■■'■■■■ i 1 1 V 1 j 1 t 1 ... 1 ... 1 8 i 5 22 20 — Totaux du Canada . . 1 6 ! Ill 2 1 10 Ij 57 ! 14 1 67 46 Cap-Breton. N.-E. . Cumberland, N.-E. Halifax, N.-E.... Perjury and subordination of perjury. Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . . Carleton, N.-B 1 . i ■'. 2 ,. 1 I STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 153 . Table.\u I. Autres delits non compris dans les classes preoedentes ClASSE VI. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. — RELIGIONS. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other £ Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- 'tH Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte- mina- > Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians, tions. i Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- S 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — tes- & ^ Wale* nada. — Autr's tants H — — ' — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's -c .2 • Angle Etats- tre& sions tistes. tholi- d'An tho- byte- con- e3 Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- s m i et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. u P Galles gers. ques. o tf Exposition indecente et autres delits contre le morale publique. 1 j ' 2 1 .;;:;:' I 1 2 1 1 1 .52 2 () "48' 1 8 "io' "iV"3" "2 "'3 t 6 49 ' 2 18 1 3 I 1 1 . 6 1 1 56 2 6 52 10 1 1 3 2 3 51 20 1 1 1 1. - -- - - - 1 5 1 2 10 2 10 ""i' 5 1 "i' " i' 1 1 1 ... ^. "'i' 1 1 1 2 i 1 1 2 "lO .. .j 1 1 1 14 1 i 1 4 I 8 o 1 1 25 2 3 9 13 2 3 8 34 2 1 _ 1 ..- 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 ' ■ t 1 ' .;:;::!.•:: 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 2 . .. i 85 ! 8 10 1 1 64 25 : 4 ! 6 10 1 4 96 23 Par jure et subornation d 3 par jure. 1 " "i" ':.£ ! 1 1 1 ' I 1 1 2 2 9 1 1 ....1 1 154 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Otj L'OFFENSE A ETt COMMISE. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombce Ac- d'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F. CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed Reite 2nd. rated. Con- I Plus dam- de 2 nes {recidi deux ves. fois. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Empbisonn^s. With the option of a fine. I Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- 1 nie'de No Option. Sans option Un- der one year. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Perjury and subornation of perjury- - Concluded. Bedford <^ie 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 Montreal, Que 1 .... a2 1 2 St. Francis, Que.. 9 1 3 2 1 2 3 5 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 4 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 Brant, Ont Bruce, Ont " 2 '"l "1 2 Elgin, Ont Haldimand. Ont 1 1 l' '.'.'.'.'.. 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 i Lambton, Ont Leeds and Grenville, Ont Lincoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont Nipissing, Ont TSTrirfnll.' On)- 3 i 1 i 2 ■■l',:::;::!::-:-:::::: 1 " i 2 2 1 Northumberland & Durham, 0 . . . Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . . Wp^lanrl Ont 4 2 1 4 ""l' 1 Wellington, Ont York Ont .... 2 2 1 Totals of Ontario 39 1 22 1 16 10 5 1 i 2 2 1 65 64 4 2 Victoria, B.C.- 1 1 1 65 1 1 2 "3 6 3 2 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat 2 Totals of Canada 82 47 26 17 7 2 2 5 3 Prison breach, escape, attempt and aiding to escape from prison. Queen's, P.E.I 1 1 1 1 rinl'-lifstpr TV S 1 6 "2 1 1 . 4 . . 3 1 1 Halifax, N.S ... j 1 •T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — Bedford, Que Iberville, Que 1 1 1 1 1 a Both jail and §75— La prison et : 6 1, Nolle prosci/ II >. STATISTIQUE C RIMIN ELLE — 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 155 Tableau 1. Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes. ClASSK VI. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and J^'ive D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over — — — De En- Autres — — ^ Deux Cinq mort vo/es Senten- ans ans A vie 4 1a ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. cants. triels. sions liers. vage.. taires. de cinq Refor- me. libe- rales. Parjure et subornation de parjure — Fm. I [ .. . . 1. . 1 i ■ ■ ' al 1 1 3 .1 ; 1 •••• 1 1 1 1 3 1 ! 1 2 "l" r 1 1 i 1 1 al I "l - al 1 1 •) 1 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ j_ _ 1 i 1. .., '"'l' 1 .... 1 : 2 ' ' a2 «1 ■ i ' 3- 1 . . 1 ■ • • ■ _y 9 1 ; ' 1 3 ! ■• ■ 1 8 4 2 1 2 6 9 „ : 1 ■ 1 ' ■ ! [ 1 i 1 ■ 1 1 " 2 1 2 1 1 1 5 . 1 10 7 3 2| 5 7 16 10 Infractions aux lois des prison.*, evasion, tentative et aide c 'evasion. 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 4 1 al 1 2 1 «1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. 156 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other offences not included in the foregoing. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE cy liquors. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- Un- able to read or write. Inca- pable de lire ou d'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- fcaire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES OU LOFFENSE - A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Perjury and subornation of perjury — Concluded. Bedford, Que f Montreal, Que 3 2 1 2 1 ... . — 2 1 - 2 3 1 — — Brant Ont 2 2 2 Elgin Ont . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Norfolk Ont Welland Ont 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 2 1 13 Wellington Ont York Ont 1 1 3 — — 1 10 1 2 13 [ 1 1 3 — — — Victoria Col -B i 1 1 — — Alberta Sud Al ta 1 2 3 3 — — 1 17 2 5 22 Totaux du Canada 5 20 1 1 4 Prison breach, escape, attenipt and 'i liding to escape from prison. Queen's I du P -E 1 1 1 2 1 — ; 2 1 Colchester N -E ... 1 4 1 Halifax, N.-E - 2 1 •7 1 .... 1 1 Bedford, Que 1 1 1 1 Iberville, Que S T A T I S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E — 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 . 157 Tabi.eac I. Autres delits non conipris dans les classes precedentes. Classe V[. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other ^^ -s Iles Britanniqces. Uni- reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- Sh ted States Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists. byte rians. Tnina 1 Eng- tions. 0 land Ire- Scot- sions. Pro- s 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — — tes- — ^ Wales nada. Autr's tants C •r — — — Etats- Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's T3 Angle Unis. tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- Qx' terre Ir- Ecos- pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- nens. fes- S ^ q et lande. se. etr an- tanni- terre. tes. sions. u ^ Galles gers. ques. o f5- Par jure bt subornation de oarjure- -Fin. "3 " 2' ■■■ i' '^ 3 2 1 3 ""2 1 ... ^ •:;;:• ::::; 2 i 2 ; " i "1 1 ■ 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 "i 1 1 1 2 "i' 2 ..... 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 ... . "'i' 1 1 1 1 10 2 3 2 7 2 2 1 2 9 7 .... I .... 1. , ! ' ... . ; 1 1 1 "i "1 1 : . . 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 17 3 4 3 12 1 2 2 1 J 5 15 11 Infractions aux lois de.s prisons, evasion, tentative et aide d"evasion. 1 1 1 i . ...1 1 ! 1 i 1 3 1 .... 1 1 1 2 1 .. . 3 1 1 1 1 1 [..... 1 1 ' 1 ..... \ 1 1 1.. .. 1 1 ! 1 158 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906 Tablk I. Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Cl.\ss VI. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained for Lu- nacy. Nombre d 'accu- sations Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam - nes une fois. Con- ' victed Reite- 2nd. I rated. Con- j Plus dam- ! de 2 nes recidi- deux j ves. fois. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonxes. With the option of a fine. Siir option entre la pri- son OU I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Revenue Laws, offences against Prison breach, escajje, attempt and aiding to escape from prison — ComlncUd. Kamouraska, Que Montreal, Que 1 2 2 7 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 'J 1 2 2 " i 1 " '2' ' '2 1 1 St. Francis, Que ; . — Totals of Quebec 7 1 4 2 2 2 — Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 ""'i 1 2 1 1 Brant, Ont .'. . 1 Elgin, Ont Essex, Ont 1 ( rrey, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 "l 2 " i 1 1 1 1 '""i Hastings, Ont Leeds and Grenville, Ont Lincoln, Ont i" Nipissing, Ont 1 1 1 . . Northumberland & Durham, 0. . . Ontario, Ont Oxford. Ont Peel, Ont 1 1 "i i Peterborough, Ont .... Simcoe, Ont Victoria. Ont 1 1 Welland. Ont i 1 1 "3' vVentworth, Ont York, Ont 8 1 1 - Totals of Ontario 31 3 28 2 23 3 2 12 3 — Manitoba, Central 2 2 1 2 1 " 1 Manitoba, Ea.stern 1 - Victoria, B.C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Westminster, B.C 1 — Alberta, Northern, Al'ta 7 6 ' 7 6 "'i' 7 4 ' i 1 1 5 Alberta, Southern, Al'ta - 1 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat 2 4 1 2 4 1 . .. 2 4 1 "'3 1 Assiniboia, Western, Saskat Saskatchewan, Saskat ... - Totals of Canada 73 1 fi (57 5 55 7 6 28 Carleton, Ont 1 1 3 2 7 "i ;.::::;. 1 I 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 .... 1 1 ! 2 ... . 1 . Leeds and Grenville, Ont Welland, Ont York, Ont 1 1- '1 Totals of Ontario ; 1 ! fi i el 1 4 1 1 STATISTIQUECRIMINELLE— 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 159 Tableau I. Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes. ClaSSE VI. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penipkntiart. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencieb. mit- ted to Refor- • Two: Other years ma- Senten- and live D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. ov r. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cmq. me. rales. Delits eontre le levenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois des prisons, evasion, tentative et aide d'evasion— Fin. • • ■ • • i 11 1 1 1 1 ] a2 1 1 2 ! 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 5 1 •••^ ai 1 1 i 1 2 ■j/' I i 1 61 al ..... 1 ' i 2 "l 1 1 1 ' 2 [ "i •»•••■ 1 1 ""■3 1 al 0,2 i ... ..:. •:::;■ 1 :::::!;:::: 3 1 ... 1 4 6 1 1 7 ■■ 8 4 18 1 1 «2 1 1 1 2 1 1 — . ... 1 ! 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 ! al ah b3 2 1 .'.'.'..'.'".'. ""3 1 62 61 1 '" 1 •• .,• "i 1 .. 2 lllL 1 1 1 ... . .... 2 1 4 20 1 4 1 4 13 ' 1 19 8 1 40 1 1 2' 1 3 1 1' 1 6 ! 3 '... . i 2 a Sentence suspended— Sentence siispendue. b Takfn back to jail — Reintegres en prison. 160 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other offences not included in the foregoing Classes. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IX WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. Un- able to read Ele- EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. write. tary. Supe- rior. Inca- Ele- Supe- pable men- rieure delire: taire. ou d'e- crire. ' AGES. Under 16 years. Moins de 16an8. 16 years [ 21 years I and ' and 40 years ; Not under 21. lunder 40. and over, given. 16 ans { 21 ans et moins et moins de 21. de 40. F M. f! H. M. F. H 40 ans et plus. Non- donne. M. F H. F USK OF LIQCOR8. USAGE DE LIQUEURS llm- Mo- mo- de- : de- rate irate Mo- Im- dere'mo- jdere Prison breach, escape, attempt and aiding to escape from prison— Concluded. m Kamouraska, Que 1 1 2 1 .. .1 1 Montreal, Que St. Fran§ois, Que 1 1 1 2 — - 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 o — «^ 1 .... 1 - — 1 6 9 — — Algoma et Manitoulin. Ont Brant, Ont 1 2 1 1 1 1 .... 2 1 Elgin, Ont 1 1 1 ::::::! "i 1 Hastings, Ont. 1 1 l' Leeds et Grenville. Ont 1 1 1 1 Northumberl'd et Durham 0 1 2 1 1 Ontario, Ont 1 1 '> Oxford, Ont . L 2 "l "l' 1 Peel, Ont i 1 1 Peterborough, Ont 1 T 1 Simcoe, Ont 1 1 1 Welland. Ont 1 ••: W^entwurth, Ont York, Ont 8 1 1 1 5 9 1 1 8 15 1 1 1 1 6 2 7 1 - Totaux d 'Ontario 22 2 7 1 1 1 1 Manitoba, Est 1 Victoria, Col.-B . ... ^. 1 1 7 3 2 1 Westminster. Col.-B 1 — Alberta Nord Al'ta Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 3 3 - 3 -- 1 2 1 3 1 22 2 1 Saskatchewan, Saskat 1 1 14 2 4 21 — 32 Totaux du Canada 4 44 3 15 Revenue Laws, offences against Carleton, Ont 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 Leeds ft Grenville, Ont.. 1 ' 1 Welland, Ont 3 .. . 1 3 1 4 j 2 1 4 1 York. Ont ' — 1 I.... 1 — Totaux d'Ontario 5 1 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 1 9 0 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 161 Tableau i. Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes ClASSK VI. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other m ® Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch.of Me- Pres- Deno- 13 'E Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. mina- tions. >. "S Eng- 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- C 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — tes- — Wales nada. — Autr's tants H 'S _ — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's -a m Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- ^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- S et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions . -ts ii 3 GaUes gers. ques. O P5" Infractions Eiux lois des prisons, evasion , tentative et aide d'evasion — Fin. 1 2 1 1 2 j i 1 1 1 1 - . . i 2 2 - -- 4 1 6 1 m:: 3 . ... 2 5 1 2 1 'i' "i 1 1 i •• ' "i" 1 1 ::.::. 1 1 ' ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 i i . 1 2 1 "2 1 2 1 • • • • 1 1 "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . ,.., 1 7 2 4 2 3 8 2 • 18 1 1 "_ 8 1 1 17 4 ... 1 1 " i" i 1 1 1 i 1 1 , ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1^ •■•• i ••■■ 1 1 1 1 1 t 1| 2| ... 1 i 2\ 1 2 — 1 ■ 1 1 .... ' ■ r ] 1 ' 2 1 2 1 1 18 3 1 1 35 4 1 2 ; .... ' 18 12 4 4 4 3 29 Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. 1 1 1 1 2 1 .... 1 2 ".".. "i 1 ■ iT'i" 1 1 i .. 9! 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 5 1 ' 17—11 162 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Table i. Cla.ss VI. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU LOFFENSE A ETE COMMISE Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained! for Lu- nacy. Nombre d 'accu- sations. Ac- quit- tes. De- tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. SENTENCE. Committed to .Jail Emprisonxes. Total. I With No OPTION. Con- I Con- j the I — victed victed Reite-loption Saxs option. 1st. Con- aam- nes une fois. 2nd. rated. of a fine. Sur Un- One der year one and Con dam- de 2 nes recidi deux I ves. fois. Plus option year. over, entre : — — la pri- son OU Ta- rn'nde Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Bevenue laws, offences against — Concluded. Riot and affray. 1 2 1 — i Alberta, Southern, Al'ta • -i 2 2 1 1 ■ Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat 1 11 1 3 j Totals of Canada S 8 4 2 1 Yarmouth, N S 7 7 .... .. ..i ' Elgin, Ont 4 .... 11 i 7 - 4 3 ... 1 1 3 1 4 3 ' 1 3 1 Suicide, attempt at Montreal, l^ue 7 7 7 3 — Algoina and Manitovdin, Ont 2 1 1 1 1 Grey. Ont Hastings, Ont "i' im 1 1 ... . 1 Kent. Ont Middlesex, Ont 1 1 1 ..... 1 Im Im 2 1 l" 1 2 Waterloo. Ont Welland, Ont Wentworth, Ont York, Ont 1 al ] Tcitals of Ontario 17 1 3m 13 12 1 t 4 3 2 2 1 9 ! 2 1 1 li '.. i 1 Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat A^silliboia, Western, Saskat 1 .... 3 . 1 3 1 1 3 ... ! ! 1 .. . j 1 34 1 1 ■ 2 - 1 ! Totals of Canada . . 3in 28 27: 1 ...- |. . i 1 10 ....'.. a Aiding and abetting suicide —Aide et encouragement a>i suicide. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 163 Tableau I. Autres delits non conipris dans les cla sses precedent es. ClASSE VI. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tui al. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — _. Deux Cinq mort voy es Senten- En ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- veu- CeU- et et ptson cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. vage. ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 5ants. triels. sions liera. taires. de Refor- Ube- einq. me. rales. Delits centre le r(^venu de I'Etat — Fin. ! ' 1 1 1 .... rtl ' 1 ] ' ' j 1 1 6 3 ; i 2 i Emeute et tumulte. -1 1 1 1 4 1 q 1 . . ! 4 1 3- Tentative de suicide. («5, 61 1 2 9 3 . . 1 ^ 1 al 1 1 ' i rti' ai al ""i 2 1 al al al al 1 1 "'i' 1 1 "'i' I 1 1 8 1 1 2 7 2 11 ... a\ 1 1 03 1 al 1 1 1 1 17 2 1 4 1 10 6 17 a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. h To give bail — A donner des cautions. 17-111 164 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other offence s not included in the foregfoing classes. Class vi. EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. LIQCOR3. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE IN WHICH LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- Un- Under 16 years 21 years 1 able to 16 and and 40 years Not MITTED. read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. g:ven. Im- or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- — write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate DISTRICTS JUDI- — — 16ans. de21. de40. CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE Inca- Ele- Supe- pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F JMo- Im- A ETE COMMISE. de lire ou d'e- taire. - — — - — — — — — — dere mo- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Revenue Laws offences against — Concluded Vancouver, Col.-B 1 — 2 — Alberta, Sud., Al'ta — ... Assiniboia, Est, Saskat . . . — 4 ... 1 3 4 Totaux du Canada.. 5 1 1 Riot and affray. Yarmouth, N.-E . . . — 4 4 — 3 3 Elgin, Ont 4 1 — ■^- 4 1 Suicide, attempt at. Montreal, Que 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 6 — — Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont Carleton, Ont 1 1 1 1 1 Grey, Ont 1 Hastings, Ont Kent. Ont 1 1 2 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 Middlese.x, Ont Nipissing, Ont Northumberl'det Durham, 0. . . 1 * • • * 1 1 1 1 Ontario, Ont 1 1 1 Waterloo, Ont Welland, Ont 1 I 1 1 Wentworth, Ont 1 1 3 1 2 8 York, Ont 1 - 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 — Totaux d'Ontario 12 1 » o Vancouver, Col.-B i 1 - Alberta, Sud, Al'ta 1 1 — 1 2 — Assiniboia, Est, Sa^k .. . " 1 Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat .... 1 5 - 1 1 11 — 1 4 fi Yukon 1 1 — 4 — Totaux du Canada 1 21 1 1 .... 6 12 STATISTIQUE CRI M IX ELLE— 1 90 5 . 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau i. Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes ClASSE VI. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other ® ■8 Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- T^ •a Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte- mina- > Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians. tions. 1 9 land Ire- Scot- States sions. 'Pro- a 1 and land. laTid. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- — ^ -2 Wales nada. — . Autr's tants H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's ■73 Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- £8 P^ terra Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- rians. fes- 01 -^2 et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. £ 3 Galles gers. ques. O Pi Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat— Fin. • ! i 1 , ! 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 Emeute et tumulte. 1 3 1 3 ..... 2 1 2 1 3 1 s 2 2 Tentative de suicide. 3 1 ] 2 2 3 1 . ... 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 " i' 1 1 1 1 "i "i' ""' i' "i' 1 2 1 "l ""i ...... .. _^ 1 1 " "i" 1 1 1 "i 1 1 9 1 1 1 ■ ■ ■ 1 2 [ 6 4 1 2 ... . 1 ! 7 2 9 1 9 4 ' i i •| ■ ■ 'I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 ! 1 1 , 1 1 10 1 6 2 4 ' 1 3 11 4 1 1 3 2 IS 5 166 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table i. Other ofifences not included in the forgoing classes. Class vl JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI- CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. Number of Charges Ac- quit- ted. De- tained for Lu- nacy. Nombre ! d'accu- sations Ac- quit- tes. De- tenios pour cause de . folia. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- Con- victed victed 1st. 2nd. Total. ■ — — Con- Con- dam - dam - nes nes une deux fois. fois. rated. Plus de2 recidi- SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonnes. With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou Ta- rn'nde No Option. Sans option Un- ' One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un ; an et an. I plus. Various other misdemeanours. Colchester, N.S 2 1 12 2 2 Halifax, N.S 1 9 2 Moiitreal, Que 1 .1 i •• •■ 1 i Brant, Ont 1 6 1 1 2 3 1 4 1 3 ... ^. 1 1 1 2 1 2 '" l' 1 1 1 '""i i 1 Haldimand, Ont 3 1 "i' 2 1 Kent, Ont i 1 3 Iianark, Ont Lincoln, Ont Middlesex, Ont . . 1 1 ' i Nipissing, Ont York, Ont ... ^. Totals of Ontario 19 3 1 8 10 7 3 2 11 Manitoba, Central s 3 i Vancouver, B. C 1 1 , 1 1 1 Totals of Canada 38 18 17 12 5 3 2 1 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 167 Tableau I. Autres delits non compris dans les classes prtkedentes. ClASSE VI. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Pknitentiaky. OCCUPATIONS. _ Com- ETAT CIVIL. Pemtencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and live D'th. tories ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. ov r. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Divers autres delits. b2 1 1 2 ■ ■ 1 1 1 '"■"" : '""' 1 1 -I ; 1 1 a3 3 1 1 3 al "'"i 1 1 . . 1 . .. 1 1 2 cl,dl\..... ' 1 1 1 ........... . 6 j 3 1 1 3 2 1 ' 7 1 aB 3 3 1 1 1 .. 1 ' 2 9 6 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 13 a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Havmg explosive in iwssession — Ayant des matieres explosives en possession. c Recommitted in Central Prison — Reintegre dans la i^rison centrale. d Fine of SI, 000 to be imposed if dumping is contiuued or if nuisance not abated — Amende de Sl.OlH) devant etre imposc'e si le?' incommodites ne sont pas enlevees. 168 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Table i. Class vi. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN WHICH EDUCATIONAL STATUS. INSTRUCTION. AGES. USE OF LIQUORS. USAGE DE LIQUEURS OFFENCE WAS COM- MITTED. DISTRICTS JUDI - Un- able to read or write. Inca pable de iUe 'ud'e- crire. Ele- men- tary. Ele- men- taire. Supe- rior. Supe- rieure Under 16 years. Moins de 16 ans. 16 years and under 21. 16 ans et moins de21. 21 years and under 40. 21 ans et moins de40. 40 years and over. 40 ans et plus. Not given. Non- donne. Mo- de- rate Mo- dere Im- mo- de- rate CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE A ETE COMMISE. M. H. F F M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F. F. M. H. F F Im- mo- dere Various , other misdemeanours. Colchester N -E , . 2 2 Halifax N -E. * 2 1 1 3 — — 1 1 — 1 3 Brant, Ont 1 3 Kent Ont 1 1 1 1 1 9 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 York, Ont - 1 1 1 2 1 8 1 1 — 3 7 3 1 1 — 3 10 -• 1 2 — 14 Totaux du Canada 1 1 14 1 1 2 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 169 Tableau i. Autres delits uon compris dan^ le? classes precedentes. ClASSE VI. BIRTH PLACES. RESI- DENCE. LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE RELIGIONS. British Isles. Other Other ■r Fo- Bri- R. Other Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. Eng- land. tho- byte- rians. > "^ Eng- lies. dists. tions. I 5 land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- c 1 and land. land. Ca- '— — — — — — — tes- — 1 1 Wales nada. — Autr's tants H -t — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres Autr's •7Z m . Angle Etats tres sions tistes . tholi- d'An- tho- byte- con- i, 5g terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- s '-^1 et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. .S t! 3 Galles gers. que. Q P^ Divers ■ autres delits. 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 '" i' 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 1 1 1 5 2 1 6 4 3 3 iiz: 3 [ • " ■ i . . i j ■ 1 1 13 1 2 1 s .^ •7 7 9 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906 TABLE II. SUMMARY BY CLASSES AND PROVINCES WITH TOTALS OF EACH PROVINCE AND CANADA FOR THE YEARS 1904 AND 1905. TABLEAU II. RECAPITULATION PAR CLASSES ET PAR PROVINCES AVEC TOTAUX DE CHAQUE PROVINCE ET DU CANADA POUR LES ANNEES 1904 ET 1905. 172 CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 9 0 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Tablk II. Summary by classes and provinces. PROVINCES. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- Con- victed victed 1st. 2nd. Con- Con- dam - dam- nes nes une deux fois. fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi ves. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Empriso.n'nes. With the option of a fine. Sur option eutre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option'. Sans option. Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Class i. — Offences against the person. Prince Edward Island -[ -.qq'^ XT tj .• (1905 iS ova bcotia •, 1 qq i X- -D -1 fl'.»05 N ew Brunswick ... - i (^^ ^^"•^bec -jl90^ Ontario -J jf,f,^ AT •*. 1 riyo5 Manitoba - i j^q , British Columbia . - ■• q, . , The Territories -] ■. j,q', Yukon -'^90^ r. 1 ri905 Canada — -^ imu 24 23 293 2.54 57 59 535 559 1,160 1,152 131 97 18<3 116 248 220 13 41 117 6(5 7 IS 120 119 436 435 29 24 68 29 147 110 24 2,647 936 64 2,. 521 832 55 17 15 152 179 47 36 403 429 684 670 1C2 73 116 83 94 105 5 15 15 14 119 123 24 27 343 384 ol2 593 90 65 108 74 89 100 5 12 1,620 1,405 1,605 1,392 2 1 21 37 21 2 44 32 52 50 10 6 162 141 2 8 69 71 . 35 21 264 290 286 232 48 48 58 18 33 27 2 3 797 718 15 7 34 45 6 3 81 75 186 200 27 14 33 27 40 53 2 9 424 433 Class ii.— Offences against property with violence. Prince Edward Island . Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec . . Ontario Manitoba British Columbia. . . . The Territories Yukon 1905 1904 1905 1904 1905 1004 1905 1904 1905 1904 1905 1!I04 1905 1904 1905 1904 1905 1904 257 1 30 186 i 39 424 117 419 129 62 Canada . ("1905 \1904 31 32 49 34 29 1 1 877 797 218 236 23 40 9 11 225 147- 307 286 54 22 23 28 13 17 18 32 7 11 111 76 218 198 31 12 20 21 11 17 656 552 418 368 121 82 117 102 4 2 3 3 82 50 108 76 3 1 1 5 5 208 144 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 173 Tableau II. Recapitulation par clasf. es et provinces. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIOxVS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Eive D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dns- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. §ants. trials. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq me. rales. Classe I. — Outrages contre la personne. 31 34 23 29 1 7 31 40 132 161 13 5 5 13 9 5 1 2 12 14 12 9 215 262 96 114 2 1 9 1 4 21 11 18 18 5 13 10 6 1 1 3 57 2 49 46 13 57 40 4 89 47 9 73 17 2 13 17 1 9 2S 23 1 2 6 4 2 2 5 1 1 0 2 174 19 202 148 34 168 12 7 55 53 8 20 150 198 393 373 44 27 .30 32 4 7 1 3 697 720 4 4 35 37 10 6 161 176 283 273 29 24 33 15 5 17 1 2 51)1 554 15 18 13 11 79 70 21 2i; 158 194 318 300 54 40 52 45 13 20 2 9 710 715 Classe ii. — Delits avec violence contre la propriete, "2 6 '"s 7 25 27 12 ""2 9 "'s' 1 12 18 5 1 3 1 2 5 7 1 46 34 33 25 7 3 3 2 i 2 3 "14' 19 2 3 122 86 168 150 9 13 8 14 1 3 "'1' 4 3 4 1 22 24 25 28 6 2 1 2 1. " i '""i 2 2 2 1 ..... 11 12 4 3 7 2 3 70 36 75 71 29 2 1 3 1 2 4 2 ""2 17 36 5 5 50 45 5 "9 5 ' i "1 1 "23' 20 9 13 9 3 2 3 '"5 1 3 7 2 4 201 120 47 26 3 15 270 250 47 20 12 10 3 6 3 6 2 1 16 21 1 6 .'.'.'. 'l " 1 130 52 .. . Hit 4S 30 181 10 47 124 ' 12 ! 41 10 1 98 10 1 70 1 3 324 289 63 60 5 5 559 458 174 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1906. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table ii. Summary by classes and provinces EDUCATIONAL USE OF STATUS. AGES. INSTRUCTION. USAGE DB LIQUEURS Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. im- PROVINCES. or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- write. ta y. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. - pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. t^'. M. F. M. h' Mo- Im- dt lire taire. dere mo- ou d'e- dere cnre. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Class i.— OfiFences against the person. He du Prince- Edouard . . ,gQ^ XT 11 u ri905 Nonvelle-h,cosse - 1904 Nouveau-Brunswick - -inA4 Quebec -^^904 Ontaru, |i9q4 Manitoba -^ -^(^^ Colombie-Britannique ... - -■ qn'i Les ierritoires - VMi V 1 /1905 Yukon |j904 n A /1905 Canada 11904 1 14 13 3 6 60 49 46 41 15 4 11 4 12 149 137 17 12 103 93 27 26 257 326 543 526 62 ( 57 ; 79 I 39 16 ! 23 I 3 10 4 3 10 14 3 3 2 2 2 1 4 1 13' 8 11 13 1 3 1 5 1 1 1 1,107 1,112 1130 2!l54 13 9 72 63 13 ..19 1 204 3 209 . . 373 2 328 61 42 62 32 9 16 2 809 726 16 16 22 13 7 58 72 132 146 9 11 14 10 6 9 252 281 34 58 18 7 75 52 79 91 , 23 I 12 31 30 74 I 65 2 4 8 336 19 319 7 5 85 13 32 93 14 15 15 8 I 21 96 223 139 249 360 240 379 203 66 52 59 44 15 27 2 7 702 75 6 11 12 23 15 2 10 1 3 560 535 Class ii. — Offences against property with violence. He du Prince-Edouard . . . -. ,\q- TVT 11 1,. fl905| Nouvelle-Ji,cosse. . 1904 XT T3 1 fl905 Nouveau-BrnnsNvick | 1<)()4 Quebec -^^904 Ontario •, -^^q^ Manitoba • 1 004 Colombie-Britannique. . . - laQj T rp ., . (1905 Lies lerntoires -, 1004 V 1 fl905 Yukon -,j904 r- , / 1905 Canada -j , (^. 19 .34 7 5 195 120 280 365 50 22 15 19 1 4 569 470 10 11 1 1 101 46 93 71 5 6 3 4 1 2 8 105 3 214 1 ' 82 2141 10 14 8 4 83 80 142 131 18 13 7 13 1 2 269 257 2 31 1 ' 33 Ii 1 I 31 2 ■ 34 15 34 5 3 130 73 2.^9 197 52 20 9 14 452 173 .346 182 8TAT1STIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1904 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 175 Tableau ii Recapitulation par clasees et provinces. BIRTH PLACES. LIEUX DE XAISSANCE. RELIGIONS. DEXCE. British Isles. Other Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Deno- X 5 Iles Britanniques. reign tish Ca- Ch.of Me- Pres- mina- ?r 'S Uni- ted Coun- tries. Pos- ses- Bap- tists. tho- lics. Eng- land. tho- dists byte- rians. tions. >. "m Eng- s land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- — c 1 and land. land. Ca- — — — — — — — tes- ^ ^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants Autr's H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- con- TT *3 Angle Etats- tres sions tistes. tholi- d'An- tho- byte- fes- se a^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. sions. a-. -^g et lando se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. ■- £ 3 Galles gers. ques. o Pi Classe I. — Outrages centre la personne. 17 13 88 '3 5 1 8 17 14 10 52 1 21 3 4 8 5 13 14 97 4 1 1 11 1 1 4 8 20 13 1 72 2 17 2 13 42 27 8 6 10 1 99 12 28 2 6 9 2 0 2 4 2 25 6 31 5 17 1 3 1 2 22 10 8 6 3 293 10 31 1 279 11 5 0 42 7 306 61 11 13 2 329 8 IS 296 9 4 9 62 2 304 78 43 31 10 451 19 53 ie 189 138 103 76 52 30 482 133 36 32 9 431 26 46 1 11 186 148 87 75 47 25 471 115 15 6 o 24 1 36 1 34 15 8 10 7 8 68 18 7 2 29 10 23 1 28 11 9 6 2 ( 47 25 11 5 3 34 20 13 i 1 18 10 10 4 14 15 93 9 6 1 2 22 6 21 13 5 4 3 12 8 46 14 I 10 4 4 1 1 3 2 3 3 9 14 3 i 15 6 11 18 5 2 4 2 14 22 " i 4 6 1 3 1 2 2 2 "1 "i' 2 5 1 3 1 2 6 89 49 22 949 57 144 9 42 603 199 146 107 133 70 1,095 266 77 51 13 948 61 137 4 32 613 209 119 101 144 45 1,022 283 Classe ii. — Delits avec violence contre la propriete. "i' 2 '■'is' 36 4 5 187 1.35 239 233 34 11 8 !) 1 2 . . 2 3 - 1 3 2 2 2 "9' 8 2 7 17 2 4 163 124 87 78 23 6 2 4 1 2 8 8 1 5 37 6 77 67 6 6 1 3 "2 "3 ... . "ii' 52* 8 5 - 3 5 3 1 ■3 5 7 34 30 5 2 ■ '3 2 6 1 '12' 4 23 38 7 "7" 2 1 ' '3' 5 23 6 1 1 ' i 1 18 22 6 5 192 130 269 254 46 14 22 18 1 5 4 2 1 17 "13 "21 17 1 3 5 5 1 1 5 3 • 5 1 2 2 5 11 "2 ""2 2 6 12 3 10 14 5 8 6 18 3 14 3 2 3 " '2 32 17 29 27 8 4 2 1 8 1 2 2 1 .... 6 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 32 32 17 5 3 493 429 41 27 47 17 2 1 16 13 287 235 130 97 55 65 50 43 52' .51 32 15 556 448 78 84 176 CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table ii. Summary by classes and provinces. PROVINCES. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folic. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Con- Con- victed victed 1st. 2nd. Total. — — Con- Con- dam- dam- nes nes une deux fois. fois. Reite- rated. Plus de2 recidi- ves. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprison'nes. With the option of a fine. Sur No Option. Sans option. Un- der one One year and option entre la pri- son year. Moins d'un over Un an et ou I'a- m'nde an. plus. Class hi. — Offences against property without violence. Prince Edward Inland | J^^^ Nova Scotia - , U.j^ New Brunswick , ,.^, Quebec ■' ^^^'^ ^^^'^^^ 11904 Ontario {j|;,5 Manitoba -f 1;!^"? I 1904 British Columbia -{ j^jj^^ The Territories | J^^^ VnVon 1 1905 Canada \lf^l 18 7 249 297 99 112 1,323 1,224 2,865 2,711 6 .. .. 3 i..l . 55 113 c. 100 15 , 450 61 71 409 64 6 284 76 9 311 76 4 575 221 4 511 208 6 50 24 1 70 38 2 HI 5,913 1325 5,652 1525 i4L'' 210 19 183 111! 841 :87i 808 ,96, 12 10 1 4 4 181 155 20 182 145 28 66 63 2 63 57 3 1,087 • 800 123 1,026 691 167 1,935 1,572 219 1,802 1,458 210 382 295 38 339 258 43 198 177 15 228 179 30 346 317 24 295 272 19 25 16 o 30 "21 5 4,232 3,405 447 3,969 3,085 505 6 9 1 3 164 1G8 144 134 49 38 6 19 5 4 4 4 380 379 1 6 4 1 2 198 144 120 118 83 55 3 7 12 424 339 9 2 68 55 26 16 523 479 759 725 98 95 123 171 219 180 13 16 1,838 1,739 21 15 128 112 13 15 19 19 22 15 4 2 211 184 Class iv. ^Malicious offences agfainst property. Prince Edward Island . . . ( 1905 • • • "1 1904 /1905 ••• (1904 r 1905 • • • 1 1904 /1905 • ■ • 1 1904 /1905 ••■ 1,1904 fl90o ■ • ■ "I 1904 ( 1905 8 6 14 15 4 8 31 35 69 80 11 8 18 8 44 34 9 12 4 1 8 6 3 7 12 11 30 39 3 6 8 1 31 18 6 9 105 9S 4 5 5 9 1 1 17 23 37 37 8 2 10 5 10 16 2 2 4 5 3 7 1 1 11 22 28 33 8 2 9 4 10 16 1 1 '"5 1 4 Nova Scotia . . 1 "2 2 1 2 New Brunswick Quebec Ontario i 2 2 ' i "2 '"2 1 6 3 "4 ""3 1 "'2' 10 7 8 1 1 7 7 6 8 2 ""2 2 2 Manitoba British Columbia "i 1 6 "5 ""2 2 2 2 "i' i 3 i 1 1 The Territories Yukon ■ • 1 1904 i 1905 ■■■ \ 1904 /1905 • \1904 ri905 • 11004 1 1 1 1 Canada 208 20G 1 2 94 100 75 91 9 8 10 1 23 26 20 21 8 4 STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE— 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 177 Tableau II. Recapitulation par classes et province ^■ SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiaky. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. Penitencier. mit- ted to Refor- Two Other years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over. — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort voyes Senten- ans ans A vie kla ces. Agri- Com- Ser^i- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- ries. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 9ants. triels. sions liers. vage. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq. me. rales. Cla.s.se III. — Delits sans violence contre la propriete. 2 1 1 54 53 16 30 210 263 738 683 124 137 21 21 36 31 6 9 1 1 3 -•Vg 3 19 13 44 65 19 19 2 5 25 28 " i' 19 as 5 9 226 208 191 153 83 53 43 57 13 13 9 6 "is' 13 3 3 38 93 88 77 14 16 2 10 "'3' 1 1 1 '21 12 1 4 205 155 189 172 34 37 21 21 8 4 6 10 1 "i 2 "i' 7 6 6 4 ""3' 2 5 3 4 "67" 47 26 26 365 461 873 818 174 104 59 1 68 24 36 2 5 1 22 43 15 10 2.53 281 386 363 93 64 31 28 31 33 9 8 "6 4 1 "si 29 30 38 11 8 26 5 2 2. 12 3 27 1 1 2 2 3 8 16 23 5 6 2 21 27 8 3 73 56 135 84 8 13 5 "l 137 36 124 13 iO 59 50 51 788 61 709 39 ■/■■ 1,414 1,317 268 57 51 18 25 . . . . 224 97 10 171 46 1 3 10 9 , . ... 55 77 13 20 263 39 49 251 183 1,206 .1.228 118 135 589 532 164 216 486 415 23 18 1,594 1,-565 840 831 107 86 2,834 2,696 247 Classe IV. — Dommages malicieux contre la propriete. 1 ....I 3 5 1 2 "i 7 6 17 10 4 . ■.■::::: ■:: 1 3 3 4 '"i' 4 1 ...... ....... "'.!.i" 3 i 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 1 ::::::;: ;;:: 1 2 2 I "i 2 2 4 2 17 12 5 1 2 8 6 3 6 1 2 2 3 3 1 "i 3 i 3 3 1... 5 i 1 4 13 6 8 5 1 5 1 1 3 2 "2 "i 11 10 3 29 2 .. .. 4 24 3 1 1 3 1 3 "i 2 1 5 2 2 5 4" ■'5 3 3 8 8 3 2 1 1 i 2 3 12 9 6 - ... 1 9 30 , 22 20 17 10 3 1 !) 8 1 1 37 27 24 .^0 5 65 52 -12 178 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table ii. Summary by classes and provinces. EDUCATIONAL USE OP STATUS. LIQUORS. — AGES, — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DE LIQUEURS Un- Under 1 16 years 21 years i able to 16 1 and and 40 years Not read Ele- years, under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- PROVINCES. or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate Inca- Ele- Supe- Ifipns. de21. de40. - pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Im- de lire taire. Mo- mo- oud'e- dere dere- crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Class hi.— Offences aprainst projjerty without violence. He du Prince-Edouard . . , ,,f,"j I 1905 Nouvelle-Ecosse 1Q04 Nouveau-Jsrunswick ,,.^,, Quebec \^^l Ontario {IJg Manitoba ■ -.|.^, Colonibic-Britannique. , . ,;,(., Les Territoires -{ jg]]^ V 1 (1905 Y"k"" \1904 Canada. (1905 I 1904 20 18 14 8 149 231 108 105 C8 26 34 20 19 16 5 412 429 11 3 137 145 52 53 907 778 1,662 1,568 280 246 115 144 62 S6 17 22 3,243 3,045 2 37 47 15 13 151 102 317 •287 9 I 40 97 584 84 534 8 1 49 35 9 5 240 254 393 346 58 54 7 27 24 19 1 1 789 742 12 o/ 26 23 501 13 1476 45 714 204 133 81 lid 51 .55 13 45 112 117 207 222 36 19 30 36 10 23 4 14 70 1659'132 423 51 475 I 7 2.563 1115 .56 1.582 112 445 ' 43 404 22 2560 962 11 16 13 8 110 108 26 33 54 41 258 189 ?! 11 4 137 1.55 39 20 1& 27 36 18 .531 531 598 421 1372 446 1309 402 313 34 248 65 112 Class i v.— Malicious offences against property. He du Prince-Edouard . . - -j (^., ..... 4 5 5 6 1 4 5 3 1 4 3 6 1 1 9 16 24 20 6 2 8 3 7 5 Nouvelle-Ecosse | J^JJ Nouveau-Brunswick ^[./l Quebec -fl'"^^ Ontario Hl!^^ "2 1 ?. 3 2 1 1 6 11 5 i 18 3 34 4 25 .. ..! 2 I 9 1 2 3 7 1 5 ( ■;■". 2 1 7 11 16 10 6 2 8 3 4 2 2 1 50 36 '" 2 3 3 1 2 i' 5 9 6 7 1 8 7 1 9 5 1 1 2 5 1 13 12 1 1 1904 Manitoba | }[][*■] Colombie-Britanniqiie. . . -. ^q^.j Les Territoires - li.Ai ""l" 1 2 1 2 1 11 4 20 - "?:' 2 1 I 6 ... Yul i 1 o o 'u Eng- lard and Wales Angle terre et Galles Ire- land. Ir- lande. Scot- land. Ecos- se. 1 O 'u Classe III. — Delits sans violence contra la propriete. 9 3 7 1 2 2 7 5 4 121 2 69 2 12 5 2 131 2 11 3 7 5 6 7 10 32 11 17 31 5 3 3 146 0 0 5 32 80 16 14 8 24 4 147 28 3 1 58 4 14 28 11 4 5 2 4 51 15 ?, 4 0 45 2 1 13 17 i 10 5 1 46 15 47 13 3 974 28 31 1 3 879 97 11 30 41 35 926 145 29 11 8 933 18 20 1 2 786 66 35 57 46 28 918 104 1B7 44 32 1,407 95 75 4 40 489 458 296 246 199 62 1,637 203 173 74 29 1.259 117 55 2 57 464 414 285 218 223 38 1,510 228 76 18 10 99 22 143 2 1.50 96 30 28 14 38 301 73 54 17 15 134 20 89 11 101 70 32 26 18 36 263 76 30 16 3 51 25 28 1 1 28 15 9 4 14 11 147 30 27 6 3 76 28 61 6 46 29 19 10 22 15 174 29 19 1 7 41 13 8 4 30 16 16 8 7 7 36. 58 15 3 2 50 34 0 3 27 22 15 6 23 4 51 60 1 6 4 9 4 0 1 1 9 21 3 2 11 i 5 4 6 3 2 8 2 291 3 19 10 353 96 ()3 2,766 195 304 13 74 1,684 731 380 339 171 3,257 563 308 118 62 2,658 231 240 13 124 1,529 C27 412 338 360 129 3,130 552 Classe iv. — Dommages malicieux contre la propriete. 4 5 4 T t 1 1 16 18 30 21 1 4 5 2 15 11 11 4 5 4 3 1 1 "1 3 3 ""2 2 7 9 1 2 1 1 2 2 "1' 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 "i 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 "l \'. \ 1 " 1 "'1' ""2 6 '"'i' '"'i' 2 7 11 26 23 1 "9 1 '"2 2 10 1 3 4 1 1 1 "'8' 3 "I' '5' 4 1 "4 12 11 8 1 2 () 7 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 i' 6 1 4 2 "1 i ' .... 2 1 4 1 1 3 2 1 3 "1 10 "2 6 ; 12 4 s! 8 ! 2 4 60 56 11 10 10 5 \ 35 2 1 35 16 19 11 4 9 10 8 3 54 45 40 36 17-121 180 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table ii. Summary by classes and provinces. PROVINCES. De- tained Number Ac- for of quit- Lu- Charges ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d 'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. COND AMNATIONS . Total. Con- victed 1st. Con- dam- nes une fois. Con- victed 2nd. Con- dam- nes deux fois. Reite- rated. Plus de 2 recidi- ves. SENTENCE. Committed to Jail Emprisonn^8 . With the option of a fine. Sur option entre la pri- son ou I'a- m'nde No Option. Sans option Un- One der year one and year. over. Moins Un d'un an et an. plus. Class v. — Forgery and offences against the currency. Prince Edward Island - mox Nova Scotia ... -', -i^qa New Brunswick < •. ;,q , Quebec .-Ijgo^ r, . • f 190.5 Ontario -j jc,q^ AT -^ I fl905 Manitoba - -iqnt British Columbia i ■. qu- The Territories - ^omj VI i 1905 Y"^o° .11904 Canada.. . ri905 "1 1904 1 1 7 4 1 7 3 "3 2 11 4 1 5 1 ..... 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 21 19 13 2 4 1 6 20 3 1 16 1] 4 1 4 2 86 15 1 70 49 15 6 1 25 14 75 17 1 57 35 9 13 8 4 52 52 42 28 17 11 9 13 16 11 5 5 42 16 18 2 IG 12 4 1 4 2 11 1 3 10 8 10 9 1 1 11 1 1 27 5 2 2 28 22 17 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 202 173 117 33 23 3 50 22 187 31 3 152 94 26 32 31 24 Class vi.— Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. f 1905 Prince Edward Island - ^^Q^ ( 1905 Nova Scotia < -. q^, , New Brunswick <^ q„V Quebec {l901 n 4. ■ fl905 Ontario I 1 Q04 Manitoba -^]^^ British Columbia | j^g^^ The Territories |]-^[^-^ Canada -j ^q,^^ 3 4 50 31 4 11 362 i 41 115 1 15 300 81 264 13 24 285 34 75 41 12 14 1,104 538 225 148 2 3 16 20, 2 11 314 97 203 182 11 11 235 25 56 21 10 6 849 376 2 9 6 1 2 294 82 156 137 8 9 228 13 36 739 265 10 .39 8 35 10 3 2 5 2 10 2 19 1 10 3 3 91 81 2 197 77 114 104 3 5 216 1 5 544 198 4 77 9 28 36 2 4 9 12 33 9 2 1 157 86 STATI8TIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 181 Tableau II. Recapitulation par classes et province «. SENTENCE. CIVIL CONDITION. Penitentiary. OCCUPATIONS. — Com- ETAT CIVIL. PiNITENCIER. mit- ted to Refor- Other Two years ma- Senten- and Five D'th. tories. ces. Agri- Com- In- Pro- un- years cul- mer- Do- dus- fes- La- Mar- Wi- der and Life. — — — tural. cial. mestic trial. sional borers ried. dowed Single five. over — — — De En- Autres — — — — — — — Deux Cinq mort vo/es Senten- ans ans A vie a la ces. Agri- Com- Servi- In- Pro- Jour- Ma- En Celi- et et prison cul- mer- teurs. dus- fes- na- nes. veu- ba- m'ns plus. de teurs. 5ants. triels. sions liers. vage.. taires. de Refor- libe- cinq ms. rales. Classe v. — Faux et delits par rapport a la monnaie. Classe VI. — Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes. 1 2 1 2 i' 1 4 1 1 3 4 2 1 . 3 1 ' io 3 ""5 5 1 3 3 1 5 3 1. 14 5 5 2 4 1 1 G 10 6 13 3 1 13 7 23 1 12 20 15 3 49 7 9 29 2 32 3 0 2 8 17 1 35 17 6 1 12 28 ,3 9 11 21 3 26 1? 9 1 23 7 8 10 1 31 6 3 4 1 7 2 1 13 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 1 7 3 2 1 4 15 2 1 1 .::::' :'::-: 1 10 2 16 43 20 ... 1 3 32 8 68 5 33 1 45 45 7 111 40 13 ...! .... 44 5 61 7 15 3 1 38 40 2 99 1 6 4 1 lie' 17 27 28 1 2! " i' "" 1 '3 1 ■ ■ ■ ""'i 1 2 2 1 11 io 61 12 97 99 3 2 138 5 8 2 5 2 2 3 2 1 4 35 9 41 22 5 2 8 t 14 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 9 5 3 2 ""5' 3 "5 1 'i04 57 30 18 1 4 29 3 1 1 3 1 ■■3' ■ "3 2 3 3 ""6 1 2 11 .... ^. 150 (?7 80 74 "2' 35 4 5 3 J 6 4 2 3 1 6 ""i 2 2 14 ?. 9 1 2 1 1 10 158 2 23 4 1 2 G 114 9 96 11 5 l' I "1 182 15 1 1 8 10 1 . . . 1 5 1 1 ■ 5 9 17 2 6 8 1 108 48 29 13 173 85 15 5 179 51 I 309 1.56 . 273 164 14 9 496 175 182 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table ii. Summary by classes and provinces EDUCATIONAL CSK OF STATUS. LIQUORS. — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DK LIQUEURS Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to IR and and 40 years Not read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over, given. Im- PROVINCES. or men- Supe- — — ■ — — — Mo- mo- write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moirs et plus, donne. rate rate Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. pable men- rieure M. F M. F. M. F. M. F. M. J^' Mo- Im- de lire tal re. dere mo- oud'e- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. F. H. F. H. F Class v. — Forgery and offences against tlie currency. 1 4 3 He du Prmce-Edouard - ^g^^ ""2 1 5 1 1 1 5 3 1 2 1 1 3 Nouvelle-Ecosse - ■, q.^^ T. • , fl905 1 i Nouveau-Brunswick • ^c^^^ Q"'^^^'^ {l904 Ontario j ^^q^^ AT ■<. I /W05 Manitoba ... -^ , q^. ' "2 2 "1' 18 14 49 39 44 41 12 3 4 18 1 ■17' 15 2 1 2 3 1 1 '4 2 1 9 18 8 13 2 1 1 2 14 7 41 23 37 25 10 5 4 15 "1' "i' "2 2 5 12 8 2 2 2 1 "2 4 6 4 i 1 9 8 42 43 42 26 9 5 5 11 10 8 23 11 3 16 Colombie-Britannique. . . - , qQ , T rr • - (1905 Les lerntoires - -.^q. tr , fl905 2 3 I 2 1 "7' Y"!^''"-- \1904 ;; 23 35 112 79 '4 19 16 ~ 13 17 1 1 111 97 , r^ J n905 l.^anada . . - j^qq , 1 133 117 23 21 5 42 43 Class vi. — Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. He du Prince-Edouard . . •. , qQ, TV 11 -ci_ fl905 Nouvelle-llicosse - ,qq^ ■NT -n 1 i 1905 Nouveau-Brunswick -^ , qq. Q'lebec -^1904 p. . . /1905 Ontario ■[ ^q^^ TVT -.I /1905 Manitoba -'. -iqqa (1905 Colombie-Britannique. . . iqQ> Les Territoires - iq^^ V 1 ri905 Yukon [^q(j^ Canada I-, qr. , " i 3 "u 5 7 15 1 "59' 1 3 3 ... ^. 2 3 14 16 2 11 302 90 180 152 7 8 66 16 10 11 6 5 2 3 9 11 1 4 211 65 113 112 2 145 12 11 11 3 4 497 229 "i 1 '2 "2 1 i' "6 "3' 2 .... 2 13 13 2 7 195 84 151 128 7 S 29 14 10 13 6 3 413 272 1 2 7 "i '5 1 27 5 23 17 5 15" 3 6 "i' 23 3 4 50 21 29 33 1 '49' 1 2 1 2 132 70 2 \ 1 4 3 2 10 16 2 3 19 10 44 8 5 80 41 i 1 10 6 14 "i' 1 " i "i" 22 1 1 20 I 3 79 25 11 3 83 28 589 312 11 8 4 119 11 45 45 174 76 STATISTIQUE CR IMI N ELLE — 1 9 05, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 183 Tableau ii. Recapitulation par classes et provinces. BIRTH PLACES. — RELIGIONS. RESI- LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. DENCE. British Isles. Other Other 1 1 — Fo- Bri- R. Other m IS Iles Britaxxiqces. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- E.ig- tho- byte- mina- > Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians. tions. 1 Q land Ire- Scot- States ions. Pro- 1 and land. land. Ca- — — > !^ Wales nada. — Autr's tants F^ .2 — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's -a Angle terre Ir- Scos- Etats- Unis. tres pays sions Bri- tistes. tholi- ques. d'An- gle- tho- dis- byte- riens. con- fes- i et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. 23 Oalles gers. qiies. o Classe v. — Faux et delits par rapport a la monnaie. Classe VI. — Autre delits non compris dans les classes precedentes. '""i" 7 1 1 ' ii' 13 42 41 9 12 3 4 2 6 2 ""2 ""q 1 3 2 9 1 ■■■■3 '""1' 2 _ 1 1 3 1 6 3 1 1 1 1 "% 12 20 14 7 3 1 2 ' 5 1 18 14 26 32 2 2 1 9 3 1 8 8 4 i 2 7 5 1 14 10 53 42 37 29 14 5 2 13 5 (> 16 12 15 13 1 8 8 ■'2 5 .... 1 : 1 11 ; 2 8 ^ 27 4 24 1 1 3 4 1 ' 1' 13 2 2 2 2 1 1 7 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 2 3 3 5 1 1 8 1 2 2 39 42 4 4 6 3 75 18 17 78 ■ 9 i 5 6 39 34 53 58 12 14 29 15 10 7 13 6 127 102 42 40 2 3 12 "i' 2 3 6 2 I ' ' 2 ""i "3 ..... " 4 2 - 1 16 2 i 1 14 1 1 3 17 3 2 10 1 2 1 5 ...... "i "1 \ 1 6 23 3 183 4 100 i 185 58 6 6 11 48 288 26 1 75 2 17 74 2 2 1 16 92 5 21 2 115 11 47 5 78 45 24 9 18 14 160 36 15 4 2 93 6 52 12 85 20 15 16 19 5 147 27 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 5 6 4 1 6 2 1 1 1 3 2 i 8 i 4 25 15 171 •^ 2 S 2 107 216 10 1 1 1 < 6 I 3 1 2 1 3 2 15 5 2 1 1 3 1 4 3 1 1 4 6 8 2 . . . / 8 2 2 6 3 2 2 1 6 8 1 "i 1 2 3 3 i 5 9 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 174 58 9 4 351 38 322 2 7 282 114 48 21 32 696 95 19 8 4 221 20 75 16 193 30 25 22 29 25 295 61 184 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table ii. Summary by classes and provinces. PROVINCES. De- tained Number of Ac- quit- for Lu- Charges) ted. nacy. Nombre Ac- d'accu- quit- De- sations. tes. tenus pour cause de folie. M. F CONVICTIONS. CONDAMNATIONS. Total. Con- Con- SENTENCE. Committed to Jail EMPEISONNiS. With I No Option. the ! — victed victed Reite- option Sans option 1st. 2nd. rated, of a fine. Con- Sur Un- One der year Con- Plus option one and dam- dam- de 2 entre year. over, nes nes recidi- la pri-j _ — j^- une fois. deux fois. ves. I son Moins Un iou I'a-j d'un an et jm'nde I an. plus. Grand totals by provinces. 1905 Prince Edward Island j ^qq^ Nova Scotia New Brunswick 1 1JI04 j 1905 U904| n 1 ri905 Q'-iebec -,;^304l Ontario Manitoba British Columbia . 1 1905 \1904 ( 1905 "I 1904 (1905, "I 1904 The lerritones - ^qq^ Yukon (1905 11904 ^ , fl905 .10,951 '^^"^'^'^ I 1904 9.901 02 41 863 237 664 206 177 213 2,529 2,139 46 415 370 4,904 1520 4,701 1502 719 103 611 115 823 210 529 135 987 862 87 141 441 373 42 3 '9 6 2 1 41 1 21 3037 2870 16 - 37 28 I .384 434 126 122 I 311 316 2,065 1,572 1,738 1,266 3,236 3,034 609 489 598 379 527 476 42 54 29 7,624 10 6,754 2,635 2,454 460 363 554 301 470 430 29 41 5 2 47 85 26 13 237 232 381 347 74 67 34 52 50 36 9 9 6,159 5,295 863 843 256 240 220 233 602 616 664 521 530 483 135 108 284 26 32 10 114 116 35 27 776 624 1,112 4,053 141 119 172 226 298 253 17 26 1,796 t 2,697 1,302 2,454 10 18 38 31 222 219 29 35 35 32 30 29 368 367 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 185 Tableau ii. Recapitulation par classes et provinces. SENTENCE. Penitentiary, p^nitencier. Two years and Five un- years der and five. over. Deux ans et m'ns de cinq. Cinq ans et pluj. Life. A vie. D'th. Com- j mit- ted to Refor- Other ma- Senten- tories ces. De En- Autres mort 1 voyes ! Senten- ! k la , ces. prison de Re- forme. OCCUPATIONS. Agri- 1 Com- 1 In- cul- mer- Do- dus- tural. ' cial. mestic trial. Agri- Com- 1 Servi- cul- I mer- [teurs. teurs. 9ants, In- dxjs- triels. Pro fes- La- sional borers Pro- I Jour- fes- i na- sions liers. libe- rales. CIVIL CONDITION. ETAT CIVIL. Mar- Wi- ried. do wed Single Ma- ries. En Celi- veu- ba- vage. taires. Grands totaux par provinces. 2 1 1 84 92 3 1 8 12 3 2 51 57 32 20 2 5 50 34 1 1 21 15 142 132 4 7 69 97 11 4 33 1 11 16 1 21 60 70 1 1 26 41 253 246 22 18 3 2 1 1 9 4 20 44 10 13 16 10 3 4 15 1 1 36 60 29 18 1 80 02 124 122 20 24 2 2 86 59 355 355 46 54 422 335 48 114 420 267 14 17 710 769 595 571 43 43 1,3.^0 1,062 126 117 63 70 1 5 1 161 113 1,016 y78 120 122 296 266 102 99 353 308 17 11 1,568 1,4.58 795 763 45 54 2,194 2,022 76 26 8 14 14 188 156 34 37 139 100 21 17 64 57 1 1 241 1.54 154 103 15 10 409 49 321 50 28 12 14 2 8 8 1 35 44 12 13 104 72 9 12 84 30 6 4 239 127 105 51 35 6 365 262 58 92 18 20 1 1 1 65 46 48 43 18 19 5 12 6 5 3 42 66 44 58 6 3 89 . 132 1 4 153 1.56 8 12 " "i 12 13 1 1 7 12 1 7 14 11 11 22 37 .519 501 2 12 14 305 232 1,772 1,728 281 296 1,061 874 216 273 1,007 727 48 44 3,006 2,795 1,806 1,679 153 120 4,775 4,195 186 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table ii Summary by classes and pro^ inces. EDUCATIONAL USE CF STATUS. LIQUORS. — AGES. — INSTRUCTION. USAGE DK - LIQUEURS Un- Under 16 years 21 years able to 16 and and 40 years Not read Ele- years. under 21. under 40. and over. given. Im- PROVINCES. or men- Supe- — — — — — Mo- mo- write. tary. rior. Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non- de- de- de et moins et moins et plus. donne. rate rate Inca- Ele- Supe- 16 ans. de21. de40. — pable men- rieure M. E M. E. M. E. M. E. M. !• Alo- im- de lire i,aire. dere mo- ou d'e- dere crire. H. F H. F. H. E. H. E. H. E Grand totals by provinces. He dii Prince-Edouard . . . ,,'.q, Nouvelle-Ecosse • -j^.m^ Nouveau-Brunswick • .q^^, Quebec [v.m Ontario | ^qq^ Manitoba •! ^nnA 1 1905 Colorabie-Britanniqne .. . ■ loni T rr •, • fl905 Les lerntoiies ^ \Q(\i V 1 11905 Yukon \ ^9^4 Canada.. . 38 40 19 15 255 318 179 180 89 30 102 35 30 44 ri905 712 \ 19041 6.-9 36 1 24 3 283 6 295 12 90 96 1,690 1,346 22 12 2,748 2,575 92 74 450 376 15 8 296 223 11 23 100 147 n 9 26 40 5 5,719 5,122 163 143 118 396 370 70 74 24 14 3 4 3 3 751 663 2i 77 2 61 12 7 102 6 365 i .35!.!)99 19519 ui 84 7' 78 39 38 157 149 19 11020 16 1 848 48 L407 .32 ,1318 9 328 12 222 . . . . '313 ....,181 ....I 80 101 I 1 ; 20 .... 21 14 32 13 45 25 14 74 240 63 '239 ■i 83 1399 71 426 49 1251! 82 3396 190 870 34 1104 65 2909 164 868 7 46 8 70 9 89 17 I 65 46 216 31 234 113 93 14 17 20 14 14 257 304 970 918 ^^7 43 47 51 98.') 769 2188 825 2076 756 1 486 51 4 356 I 65 . .391 3 2 290 9 10 2 5 65 939 28 66 835 46 179 78 192 69 114 20 138 42 28 3 32 16 43012096 4085 i 1825 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 187 TABLEAt; II. Recapitu'ation par classes et pro\inces. BIRTH PLACES. — RELIGIONS. RESI- LIEUX DE NAISSANCE. DENCE. British Isles. Other Other — Fo- Bri- R. Other e Iles Britanniqces. reign tish Ca- Ch. of Me- Pres- Deno- •E Uni- Coun- Pos- Bap- tho- Eng- tho- byte- mina- > .2 Eng- ted tries. ses- tists. lics. land. dists rians tions. I Q land Ire- Scot- States sions. Pro- s 1 and land. land. Ca- — — tes- > Wales nada. — Autr's tants H — — — Au- posses Bap- Ca- Eglise Me- Pres- Autr's n . Angle Etats- tres- sions tistes. tholi- d'An tho- byte- con- c Q^ terre Ir- Ecos- Unis. pays Bri- ques. gle- dis- riens. fes- S I?' et lande. se. etran- tanni- terre. tes. sions. h 0 Oalles gers. ques. O tf Grand totaux par provinces. 26 20 3 8 93 45 252 250 127 92 53 38 22 30 3 2 579 486 82 125 165 200 10 104 85 34 26 3 250 278 9 11 94 92 ""2 1,664 1,503 57 30 2,284 2,078 153 171 170 192 26 39 123 120 78 47 63 SO 27 46 12 21 7 12 4694 4390 360 358 "i 11 23 16 8 11 i 174 64 2 1 203 158 6 3 205 117 217 86 2 14 24 9 7 "4 844 479 29 21 1 1 2 28 52 136 155 68 55 16 27 23 22 41 43 14 14 9 14 6 3 1528 1307 210 84 25 ! 42 70 88 874 838 743 672 480 450 5 14 215 139 147 124 49 52 2 6 56 69 31 41 44 30 4 6 46 56 21 41 20 ! 20 1 1 2 5 11 8 8 8 1 4 : 139 193 2930 2639 1243 1040 653 639 36 15 10 57 36 111 118 381 2t)8 351 ! 335 557 527 523 (>01 12 265 291 85 !ta 11733 51 1465 136 2627 80 i2447 46 135 25 468 223 458 360 501 259 .5785 5042 64 64 25 38 279 222 428 417 127 128 53 .60 94 103 5 20 1084 105(> 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906 TABLE III. SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. TABLEAU in. CONnAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES. 190 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of Prince Edw.^ro Isl.\ni). King's. Prince. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferre &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- 1 mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 1 1 7 1 7 Breach of peace 1 1 Contempt of court Disturbing religious and like meetings ... . 1 1 Larceny Liquor License Acts, offences against .... 30 3 33 Selling liquor during prohibited hours Other damage to property .... Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Exercising various callings without license 2 2 Highways, offences relating to .::...!. Threats and abusive langut ge Trespass 1 1 "2 57 2 57 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses anc inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 1 1 Totals 2 2 101 3 — 1 1 — 102i 2 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905 oESSONAL PAPER No. 17 191 Tableau hi.— Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province de lTle du Prince-Edouard. •.llEEX's. Totals of P. E. Island. Totaux de ITle du P.-E. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFEXSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. bur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Ee- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IE. 3 ... 3 2 4 10 4 10 2 ... Perturbation de la paix. Port d'arnies illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecherie.*. " defendant le jeu. 1 ... 1 ... 1 1 1 1 Incorrigible. 34 "7 41 64 io ' "74 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Ventede boissons durant lesheuresdefendues 1 de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. 1 .serviteurs. 24 2 2 IS "23 "1 "'"24 "23 2 2 18 "1 Divers jxitits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens. 2 ... 2 18 18 ... j 1 . . 1 ... I... Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat. 1 ' i 1 Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietenient. Vagabondage. Ivresse. 1 r, 2 2 114 1 ho " '3 4 '5 4 171 ■^■4 2 1 "172 4 "'3 !!! Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des iioids et mesures. Alienation mentale. 1 .5 2 7 5 "3 2 2 7 3 2 .5 fi 210 15 216 4 5 313 18l 320 r, Totaux. 192 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of Nova Scotia. Annapolis. Antigonlsh. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- without ferred option. &c. Empri- Re- sonnes mise, sans etc. option. 1 M. IF. Adulteration of food 1 1 ! Carrj'ing fire-arms and vuilawful weapons. . . Contempt of court Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " Game Laws . " Incorrigible s Larceny : " of dogs, birds, &c Liquor License Acts ofifences against . . . Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours " without license 15 15 "is "3 16 Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injurj' to property Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. . Exercising various callings without license. Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against . . . Profanation of the Lord's Day Railwaj^ Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " . . Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness 10 8 2 13 13 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language . . ' 2 2 Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly. 5 5 Insanity 31 ^ Totals .SO 28 2 28 3 STATISTIQUE C R IMI^^ ELLE — 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 193 Table AU III.— Condamnations sommaires par magistr ats de police et autres juges de paix. Provinxe de la Nouvelle-Ecosse. Cape Eretox. Colchester. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFEXSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. |F. 1 1 ; 73 7 79 29 2 2 2 1 7 8 3 10 7 271 2 2 .^ Perturbation de la paix. 9 2 Mepris de cour. 1 1 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres 4 ... 4 ._... . " defendant le jeu. Incoi rigible. 9 .. 8 i 1 1 " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 148 7 155 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boi.ssonsdurant les heures defendues 12 2 14 1 26 "i 1 27 1 2 boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages lualicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. servnteurs. Inf. aux lois concei-nant la med. et les dent. Divers petits deliti^. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoinsde la tamille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des cheniins de fer. 5 4 9 1 27 1 9 1 27 2 2 ' 1 1 i 1 1 1 . . 3 3 Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. ExiX)sition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 1 io 49 i 1 1 2 58 1,296 2 2 "3 154 "(5 2 2 134 2 54 1258 2 "" 6 11 ii i 15: ?,?. 33 2 14 1 1 2 8 1 13 4 1 5 1 1 2 14 1707 79 1,763 23 197 14 181 16 Totaux. -13 194 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of Nov.v Scotia— Continued. CUMBERL.VXD. Di<;by. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. 1 Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. pp. tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. iF. Adulteration of food Assaults Breach of peace Carr>dng fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . 34 26 "i 1 3 37 24 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 Cruelty to animals Larceny • 1 1 Breach of Canada Temperance Act 17 17 5 1 6 Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property. . . "is '"'10 "1 "1 . . ^ . Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, off ences against Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of.. . Exercising various callings wnthout license 3 3 2 2 6 6 Threats and abusive language Trespass "2 3 i 1 "167 ""2 26 2 1 3 "i 1 3 1 164 "i 2.5 297 Indecent exposure . Insulting, obscene and prof ane language . . Keeping, frequenting bawdj' houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity .... ! 19 Totals 11 .S04 2 2 1 20 STATISTIQUE CR IMI N E L L E— 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 195 Tableau hi. — Condamnations somnsaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province de la Nouvelle-Ecosse — Suite. GUYSBOROUGH. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- Com- tion mitted of a without fine. option. Sur Empri- option sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. n 10 -131 Halifax. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- Com- tion mitted De- of a without ferred fine, i option. &c. Sur Empri- Re- option sonnes mise, sans etc. option. ! OFFENCES. 10 55 31 24 17 172 7 10 79 4 1 17 1 26 2 4 502 2 73 1 1 11 16 164 7 46 '7! 2\. 4 1 5 1 7 2 1 .527 1 80 ] 1034 127 1 1,048 17 45 . . . [Falsification de substances alimentaires. 26|Voies de fait. 1 Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. . . . Cruaute envers les animaux. . . . Perturbation de reunions religieuseset autres Infractions aux lois des pecheriep. 2 " defendant le jeu. ■ • • ■ _ " de chasse. . Incorrigible. ... Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. . . . Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. . . . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. . . .[Ventedeboissonsdvu-antlesheuresdefendues. • . ■ " sans licence. . . . Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de j boisson aux Sauvages. . . Dommages malicieux a la propriete. 1 Autres dommages k la propriete. . . . Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et I serviteurs. . . . 'Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent. 1 " la milice. . . Divers petits delits. 2 Contraventions aux lois munici pales. . . . i' Pratiquant divers etats sans Ucence. . . . Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publicjue. . . . ! Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. . . . Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. . . . I Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens, . . Profanation du dimanche. . . . Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. . . Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat. 12 Infractions aux lois maritimes. . . Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. 19 Menaces et langage injurieux. . . . Empietement. Vagabondage. . . I\Tesse. 1 Exposition indecente. . . Langage insultant, obscene, profane. • 1 Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. . . . Conduite dereglee. . . . Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 2 Alienation mentale. 681 .Totaux. 196 C R I :M I X A L S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 . 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Provinxe of Nova Scotia — Continued. H.\NT.S. INVEKNES8. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tious. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- without f erred option. &c. Empri- Re- sonnes mise, sans etc. option. 1 Op- tion of a fine. Siir option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Adulteration of food "i 1 Assault? Breach of peace Carryine: fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . Contempt of court Disturbing religpious and like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " .... Game Laws " Incorrigible .... Larceny " of dogs, birds, &c . " of timber, trees, fruits, &c .3 ...' 3 Liquor License Acts, offences against 4 ... 4 Breach of Canada Temperance Act . . Selling liquor during prohibited hours .... 1 " without license 9 ... 9 1 .. . .!_... Violation of Indian liquor law. . .... Malicious injury to proi^erty t Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " ... Miscellaneous minor offences • Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. . Exercising various callings %vithout license. Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Statute Labour, offences i^lating to. Trespass 1 1 Vagrancy 3 Drunkenness 10 9 1 3 Indecent exposure .... Insulting, obscene and jirofane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly ... 1 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. Insanity .... 3 — Totals 28 24 ' 4 3 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 197 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province de la Xouvelle-Ecosse — Suite. King's. Lunenburg. Con- vic- tions. Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- [ Cora- tion mitted De- of a ^vithout ferred option. &c. fine. Sur Empri Re- option sonnes uiise, I sans etc. option. [ Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- ' Com- tion mitted of a without fine, option. Sur I Empri- option sonn#s sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. OFFENSES. 17 1 . 21 14 23 82 26 25 3i 63 12 34 23 Falsification de substances alimentaires. Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d 'amies illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues ' ' sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Aiitres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois cone ernanfc les maitreset serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famiUe. Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport k la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vas Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infraction aux lois des ix)ids et mesures. Alienation mentale. 3 Totaux. 198 CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of Nova Scotia — Concluded. PiCTOU. Queen's. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur (^tion Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 7 7 "1 7 8 8 1 "i 6 2 2 Breach of peace . 5 4 8 8 Disturbing religious and like meetings 2 2 ■■■;.. " of timber, trees, fiuits, &c .... 1 1 Liquor License Acts, offences against 23 7 29 1 10 2 11 1 Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts • " 6 0 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license "5 5 3 3 Highways, offences relating to 9 9 1 1 Pharmacy Acts, offences against Railway Acts, offences against. - Seamen Acts " 1 1 Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure. 8 164 1 ' 'i.5G 6 3 9 43 42 2 Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly 2 2 1 2 3 9 7 2 Insanity 252 12 Totals 242 7 15 76 4 75 2 3 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 • 199 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de pais. Province de la Nouvelle-Ecosse— i^i«. Victoria. YAR.MOUTH. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. OFFF.XSES Op- 1 tion of a fine. Sur option Com- ; mitted %\athout option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- 1 tion of a fine. 1 Sur option Com- 1 mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. 1 De- ferred kc. Re- mise, etc. M. |F.^ M. IF. Falsification de substances alimentaires. ,14 11 3 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. "i 1 30 1 1 30 Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute en vers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infraction.^ aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. Incorrigible. 9 2 Larcin. Vol de chien.s, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. 16 3 16 3 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du ... Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heufesdef endues. " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres donmiages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concemant lamed, et les dent. " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. 1 1 • . 1 2 1 2 ( Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. 1 1 Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Inf. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. 3 1 2 Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits aj'ant rapport a la corvee. 3 5 Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. 1 51 1 47 1 1 3 Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. 2 2 Langage insultant, obscene, profane. |... |... Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. "fl -llJl. 3 "i " 1 Infractions aux lois des poidset mesures. Alienation mentale 5 ] 2 3 128 6 II9I s' 7 1 Totaux. 200 CRIMIXAL STATISTICS— 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 TABLii; III. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Provinck ok New Brunswick. Albert. Carletox. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise,, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Adulteration of food Assaults 2 1 2 1 1 i ■::::;." ::■;■■ Breach of peace 3 3 Carrying fire-arms and vmlawful weapons. . Contempt of court Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings * Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " 1 Game Laws " Incorrigible Larceny 1 1 ' ' of dogs, birds, &c " of timber, trees, fruits, &c [ 1 Liqvior License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act 43 1 44 Selling liquor during prohibited hours .... " without license Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property '. Other damage to propert j' Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. a 3 Militia Acts " ISIiscelianeous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. . Exercising various callings without license. Health By-laws, offences against Highwaj's, offences relating to . Neglecting to support family Pharmacj' Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord s Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws '' Seamen Acts " i.. Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness 18 I 19 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly .... ^Veights and Pleasures Acts, offences against. ^ Insanity ...'.. Totals 7 7 K4 3 H7 STATISTIQUE C RI M I N E LL E— 1 9 0 5 . 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrals de police et autres juges de paix. Province du Xouveac-Brunswick. Charlotte. Gloucester. Con- vic- tions 'Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes 1 sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Falsification de substances alimentaires. 6 6 3 8 1 9 Voies de fait. 4 Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. 4 4 Incorrigible. Larcin. . Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 1 1 ' 1 56 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. 55 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Ventede boissons durant lesheures def endues " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. " de la milice. Divers petits deUts. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Debts ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. "2 2 Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Debts centre le revenu de I'Etat. 2 1 Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons 1 1 ,S "4 3 165 " i 3 3 "2 3 3 ■■"3 161 "i .s 3 de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. ...... ...., 5 20 2 239 242 1 2 1 22 ... Tr.taux. 202 CniMIXAL STATIST! CS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Tablk III. — Summary convictions by ixjlice magistrates and other justices. Province of New BuvyswicK— Continued. Kent. King's. Sentence. Sentence. OFFENCES. Con- vic- Con- vic- Op- Com- Op- Com- tions tion mitted De- tions tion mitted De- Total of a without ferred Total of a without ferred fine. option. &c. fine. option. &c. Con- — . — ■ Con- — — — dam- Sur Empri- Re- dam- Sur Empri- Re- na- option sonnes mise, na- option sonnes mise, tions. sans option. etc. tions. sans option. etc. M. 1 F. M. |F. Adulteration of food Assaults Breach ol peace Carrj-ing fire-arm.s and unlawful weapons. Conteinpt of court Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings. . . Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " Game laws " Incorrigible Larcenj' " of dogs, birds, &c " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against . . . . Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours " without license Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property j Other damage to property I Master'.s and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against. Militia Acts " Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family Phannacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railwaj- Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. , Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly . . Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity Totals. 3 .. 23 23 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 19 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 >03 Iableau III.— Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. PROviycp; DU Nouveau-Brunswick — Suite. XORTHUMBERLAXD. St. Johx. St-Jeax. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- [ Com- tion mitted of a ' without fine, option. Sur ! Empri- option sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. ::: "l9 1 Falsification de substances alimentaires. 19 1 38 17 3 3 39 20 2 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mejjris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. 1 1 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 15 15 " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 12 3 •3 12 3 10 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons . 59 2 61 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Ventede boissdr.s durant les heures defendues " sans licence. Contravention a, la loi relative a la vente de boi.sson aux Sauvages. Dommages maiicieux a la propriete. Autres domniages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maltres 1 ::: i 6 G serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. " de la milice. 5 1 1 3 2 Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois surl'hygienepublique. Delits aj-ant rapport aux chemins publics . Neglig. de iX)urvoir aux besoins de la famiUe. Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens 5 ... 18 1 19 1 ... 1 ... 3 ... 1 1 2 ... "4 3 Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. "ft '.'.'. '" 9 "3 "3 ■'si 801 3 Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. ' i "3 .'" "4 19 4 ■■'16 843 2 33 16 Delits ayant rapixjrt a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. 1 1^ 2 4 15? 152 4 18 2 30 17 i 7 " U Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. i Alienation mentale. 80 ?73 3 272 4 M.'i 1,029 31' 13 Totaux. 204 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary con\ictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of New Brunswick — Concluded. Province du Nouveau-Brunswick— Fin. Westmoreland. York. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- ■ na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c, ^- mise, etc. M, IF. M, |F. .5 3 1 6 ii 3 2 1 14 3 3l'" ■ ■ Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings Fishery Acts offences against . . ... 1 1 ".'.}'.'.'. Gambling Acts " 1 1 Larceny. . . . 1 . .. 1 1 1 i " of dogs, birds, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours " without license 5 68 "'l8 "4 5 72 " "l8 45!... 45 '...'.. Violation of Indian liquor law "i ... ^ Other damage to property. . Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts, offences against Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of Exercising various callings without license 3 3 1 1 2 Highways, offences relating to 3 3 Neglecting to s^upport family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day 9 9 Seamen Acts " Threats and abusive language 4 4 Vagrancy . . 1 399 1 '4 i 1 144 "4 ' 147 1 1 2 1 1 Drunkenness 403 1 Indecent exposure 1 ... 1 - Keeping, frequenting bawdj' houses and inmates thei-eof. 4 3 1 2 2 2 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. Insanity 521 3 8 1 1 Tottls 17 528 2I 8 216' 11 221 3 3 S T A T 1 S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 205 Tableau III. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de jxjlice et autres juges de paix. Province of ^^uebec. Province de Quebec. Akthabaska. Beacce. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sin- option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Falsification de substances alimentaires 10 10 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. ". . . Cruaute envers les animaux. :': ::-^ 1 1 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. 2 9 Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 13 1.3 16 16 ' Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. 6 6 23 ??• 90 9. 92 de boisson aux Sauvages. Domniages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs. 4 ;;; 3 1 • • • " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur l"hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens . 1 1 • Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Infractions aux lois maritimes. . . . ^ ■ ? Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injin-ieux. Empietenient. Vagabondage. Ivrosse. ' ■ 18 6 18 2 5 ... 5 Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des jxjids et nieeures. Alienation mentale. 87 84 3 112 2' 109 5 Totaux. 206 CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police ma^strates and other justices. Province of Quebec — Continued. Beauharnois. Bedi ■ORD. UFFENGES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Siir option Com- mitted without option. Empri - sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- without,f erred option. ; &c. Empri- Re- sonnes raise, sans etc. option. M. IF. - 5 5 "3 6 4 '" 3 1 Carrj'ing fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . Contempt of court Cruelty to animals Disturbing religi^jus and like meetings Fishery Acts offences against 1 "i 1 1 Liquor License Acts, offences against 1 1 15 y 27 27 Selling liquor during prohibited hours 14 7 1 2 2 3 2 3 Malicious injury to property . . . . 1 1 ;;} 1 1 1 1 1 Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against 1 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license 18 7 "2 15 6 3 3 2 2 2 2 Profanation of the Lord's l)ay i .... ^ 1 1 1 2 Vacrancv . .... 22 ••.■■- 19 4 5 "i 4 1 1 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly .. Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Totals 61 7 61 1 6 86 1 57 20 10 STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELL E— 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 •207 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres jiiges de paix. Province de Quebec — Suite. Chicoutimi. Gaspe. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence Op- Com- tion mitted De- of a without ferred fine. option. &c. Sur Empri- Re- option sonnes mise, sans etc. option. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Com- mitted without option. Sur Empri- optionj sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. OFFENSES. J|;:: 2 ... . 2 17 2 10 1 12 Falsification de substances alimentaires. 2 Voies de fait. . Perturbation de la paix. . Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute en vers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues. " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. 1; Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent . " " la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits aj^ant rapport aux chemins publics. Neerlig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens . Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Enipietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. , Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale. 3 Totaux. 208 CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 o . 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and othesr justices. Province of Qvkbv.c— Continued. Iberville. JOLIETIE. OFFENCES Con- fac- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- soiines sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 9 4 5 1 G 1 6 Breach of peace .... . :..... Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and. like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against. 1 1 Game Laws " 1 1 Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act. .... Selling liquor during prohibited hours. . . . 8 8 1 1 Master's and Servant s Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against 6 1 "3 6 1 .... ^ Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against. Trespass 1 5 32 ""3 29 2 1 22 20 1 1 Drunkenness. . . 3 "Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. > 2 Insanity Totals 39 82 1 6 58 50 6 STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE, 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 209 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires iiar magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. pROVIXCE DE '^CEBEC- -Suite. Kamoukaska. ^lONTMAGNY. Con- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. • Falsification de substances alimentaires. 7 7 Voies de fait. 15 15 Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. 9 ■■ "1 ...j .. - ...: 2 It defendant le jeu. It de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 1 1 M bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 1 1 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heuresdefendues II sans licence. 2 30 "i 2 31 "i '2 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages.. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et ser\dteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. II de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur Thygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. 9! 2 Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. n 10 1 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois mari times. 1 "' 1 Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. 1 2 2 Vagabondage. Ivresse. "2 ""2 Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. 1 1 I Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale. . 66 1 65 21 : 12 il 11 2 .Totaux. -14 210 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. OFFENCES. Provinck of Quebec — Continued. Montreal. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- Com- tion mitted of a without fine. option Sur Empri- option sonnes sans option. De- ferre &c. Re- mise, etc. Ottawa. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &e. Re- mise, etc. Adulteration of food Assaults Breach of peace Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons . Contempt of court Cruelty to animals ._ Disturbing religious and like meetings.. . . Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " Game Laws " Incorrigible Larceny " of dogs, birds, &c " of timber, trees, fruits, &c , Liquor License Acts, offences against . . Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours . " mthout license Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property Other damage to property . . Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts' " Statute Labour, offences re lating to Threats and abusive langufge Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 24 4.57 33 1 2 86 8 38 80 173 20 125 278 69 23 12 25 499 29 1 1 85 8 28 23 103 Totals 6523 ^m 6,64 22 25 1314 3038 10 1 256 1.59 2 42 432 689 1 54i 10 is 179 22 11 273 72 17 4 12 23 1,129 2,887 9 1 736 142 2 14 246 278 10 15 53 13 1 7 7 16 1 371 562 1 30 10 54 4 1 5 199 60 59ll 1,186 356 21' 360 1 3 199 17 STATISTIQUE C R I MINELLE— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 211 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et aiitres juges de paix. Province de Quebec — Suite. PONTIAC. Quebec. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 1 71 63 6 '4 8 1 75 71 6 Falsification de substances alimentaires. Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. 3 1 1 3 1 1 Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses etautres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. S 3 " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 6 6 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du ? 2 10 19 73 4 1 42 1 \ 20 115 , 4 1 7 39 Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues in ' ' sans licence. Contravention a la loi relati\e a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux h, la propriete. Autres dommages k la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et 6 35 1 serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. " de la milice. ■ Divers petits delits. 336 60 7 5 5 "2 2 38 1 1 371 61 8 5 4 2 2 3 Contraventions aux lois municipales. 2 Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. 1 .. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietenient. Vagabondage. Ivresse. 1 1 118 392 4 '2 4 16 24 "4 14 128 398 4 4 16 4 4 2 18 . Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et uiesures. Alienation mentale. 17 17 1227 160 1,357 4' 26 Totaux. 1'^— U.L 212 CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS — 1 905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of Qukbec— Co>i sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. IProvixce de Quebec — Suite. * Saguenat. St. Fkancis. St. Francois. C9n- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFEXSES Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- 1 tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 1 38 2 "i 1 37 2 Falsification de substances alimentaires. 2 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. 8 2 6 8 2 6 Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuseset autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 1 1 " de chasse. Incorrigible. 1 1 Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 6 6 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. , Contraventions aux lois de temperance du 1 36 "3 1 39 Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues. 7 6 1 " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente » de boisson aux Sauvages. Doinmages malicieux a la propriete. 1 "i 1 1 Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et ser\'iteurs. Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent. ' " de la mUice. Divers petits delits. 2 7 2 6 Contraventions aux lois municipales. 1 1 1 Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Inf. aux lois sur I'hvgiene publique. 1 1 Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amiUe. Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. 7 1 2 1 2 3 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. 1 1 Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. 3 3 4 Menaces et langage injurieux. 2 235 3 1 6 6 6 2 Empietement. 8 237 3 1 5 6 "4 "9 Vagabondage. I\Tesse. Exposition indecente. 6 2 Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 1 1 Alienation men tale. ■■■| 9 8 1 .S85 IS 1 369 le 18 Totaux. 214 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and othesr justices. Province of Qcebec — Cmiduded. ' St. H\acnithe. Tebrebonne. OFFENCES Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De-' ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. |F. Assaults Breach of peace 7 4 2 1 9 5 Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings Gambling Acts " Larceny . ... 7 7 " of dogs, birds, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act. . . Selling liquor during prohibited hours . . . Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property « Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " 1 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of. . . Exercising various callings without license 9 1 9 1 Highways, offences relating to 3 3 1 1 Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against flevenue Laws " 6 6 Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language 2 1 1 .... ^ 1 2 Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness. 12 66 2 9 63 . 3 2 3 Indecent exposure Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly 2 2 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. Insanity Totals 116 5 113 3 5 5 2 2 2 3 STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05 . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 215 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province de Quebec— /^m. Three Rivers. Trois-Rivieres. Totals ok Quebec. ToTAUX DE Quebec. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. ' 26i 1 27 695 183 9 5 99 18 17 55 18 ""45 n 11 1 656 187 9 6 99 12 2 60 14 Voie.s de fait. 1 Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. 1 1 2 Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 101 1 1 171 1 17!... 591 - . 2 ■ ■ 4 1 12 19 "56 "3 " de chasse. Incorrigible. 2 161 23 2 184 1 1 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. 7 47 141 423 7 95 • 148 516 8 2 197 74 1 1 43 s:.- Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de 5 1 191 69 1 21 9 boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. ,5 1 1 14 3 serviteurs. 1 1 " de la milice. Divers petits debts. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Debts avant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract. au.\. lois concernant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. 1 4 1 4 3 552 366 79 39 19 46 11 5 1 577 360 83 33 9 i 21 17 1 7 9 8 1 1 12 58 3 15 40 10 3 '" 26 29 1.346 3,902 21 10 779 166 2 11 ( Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. 10... 231... '46 li 35 ... 1580)468 Debts contre le revenu de I'Etat. •20 1 1 314 2S8 2 ""24 5 388 591 1 Debts ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. I^onduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale. .S 2 5 58 59 1 4055 21 6 283 182 2 43 726 3 4 578 11 in 2 6 5 3 6 4 44 12 38 15 ""61 11 4 147 153 1 95551 '-IS* 1 9,714 703 1,296 Totaux. 216 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of Ontario. Algoma and Manitoulin. Brant. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com.- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. |F. Adulteration of food Assaults. 65 1 7 1 "i 6u 1 8 1 48 4 1 46 4 1 2 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons Contempt of court . . Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " 2 4 2 6 9 1 4 1 3 3 : 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 9': ■■■ Larceny , " of dogs, birds, &c 2 2 2 i 1 1 1 " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act 13 13 8 4 12 Selling liquor during prohibited hours " without license 4 3 26 "i 2 4 4 28 3 3 Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts, offences against 7 9 7 9 12 1 12 1 1 "73 1 "3 1 ' '75 1 i Miscellaneous minor offences '.'.'...'.. 3 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against 29 30 9 "i 26 31 9 1 • • ■ • • • 1 Highways, offences relating to 1 Neglecting to support family 1 1 Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day 8 8 1 1 Railway Acts, offences against 3 . 3 Seamen Acts " Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language 3 5 39 234 6 9 7 22 "4 5 "3 46 3 5 29 239 6 12 50 22 ! 5 19 26 234 3 7 1 12 "2 4 "i 2 3 19 23 233 3 8 2 12 5 2 Trespass i3 "' '1 Drunkenness 0 Insulting, obscene and profane language. . "" "i Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. 2 1 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. ' Insanity 1 1 Totals 564 65 606 15 8' 471 16 46S 7i 12 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 190 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 217 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province d'Oxtario. Bruce. Cableton. Con- vic- tions. Total Con- dam- na- ' tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. |F. 70 107 "2 15 "'69 122 2 i 42 42 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d 'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. 1 1 1 6 1 1 6 1 3 1 2 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. 5 5 3 8 "5 3 13 Incorrigible. Larcin. 7 5 5 "i4 2 fi Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " i-i "i9 "a "23 " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues 29 12 2 4 31 16 1 1 1 " sans licence. 1 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages k la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et 12 1.0 11 15 1 1 l(t 21 2 "i 10 22 2 1 serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la raed. et les dent. " de la milice. 1 126 9 4 52 io 6 1 136 15 4 52 Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. 34 11 34 11 1 5 ""'l 12 1 1 f> 1 1 1 Inf rac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens . 1? 8 11 1 1 8 11 1 1 Profanation du dimanche. Infractions avix lois des chemins de fer. Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport h, la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. 7, "i 1 6 '""l2 1 18 4 1 2 4 39 280 1 17 12 59 3 5 21 1 11 34 5 1 2 4 301 2 28 30 64 4 6 3 1^ 35 2 1 18 Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. 15 1 Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons 3.T 1 36 de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infraction aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale. 249 3 240 4 8 918 128 976 65' 5 Totaux. 218 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 TabliS III.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. OFFENCES. Province of OsTAmo—Coniinued. DUFFERIN. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Com- ; mitted De- without If erred option. I Sec. Sur Empri- Re option, sonnes mise, sans I etc. option. Elgin. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. j Sur option Com- mitted De- without ferred option. &c. M. IF. Empri- sonnes sans option. Re- mise, etc. Adulteration of food Assaults . Breach of peace . Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. Contempt of court Cruelty to animals Disturtjing religious and like meetings . . . Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " Game Laws " Incorrigible Larceny " of dogs, birds, &c. " of timber, trees, fi-uits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against .... Breach of Canada Temperance Act 13 15 Selling liquor during prohibited hours . " without license Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. Medical and Dentistry Acts " Militia Acts " Miscellaneous minor offences ]NI\inicipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. . Exercising various callings without license . Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass . Vagrancj' Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly , Weights and Measures Acts, offences j^ainst. Insanity 19 11 Totals 50 38 26 19 11 11 31 19 215 11 11 167 2 i2 6 19 J STATISTIQUECRI^riXELI. E — 190 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 219 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres jnofes de paix. Province n'Oxx.vKio— S(( He. Essex. Froxtenac. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. |F. UJJUUil. 69 2 1 1 69 2 1 1 11 5 10 5 1 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d 'amies illegal. INIepris de cour. 1 2 1 2 ? "i 2 3 9. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des jjecheries. " defendant le jeu. •• 8 3 4 4 Incorrigible. Larcin. 9r> "3 26 1 1 42 2 2 1 Vol de chiens, oiseaux etc. 1 "4 3<» 3 1 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant lesheures defendues 1 1 1 1 1 1 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. 7 7 1 1 1 1 "28 1 1 1 ""28 1 serviteurs. " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics . Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. 12 12 10 IC 2 2 . 1 1 1 ... 1 19 19 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer Infractions aux lois maritimes. 30 1 1 3 104 "i "h 3 30 1 1 1 90 Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale. 9, 2 7 6 109 7 8 1 7 23 107 7 17 7 17 7 5 5 9A 2 26 4 4 9: .... 1 2 < 382! 10 371 17 4 206 10 190 24' 2 Totaux. 220 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Provixce of OsTAmo— Continued. Grey. Haldimand. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tious. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Adulteration of food 1 Assaults 43 2 "4 3 44 2 4 2 17 1 17 Breach of peace Carrj'ing fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . Contempt of court 2 2 Disturbing religious and like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " 4L.. # 10 10 Game Laws " 1 1 Incorrigible Larceny 6 2 1 3 2 4 2 2 " of dogs, birds, &c " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against 20 .S 23 2 2 2 Breach of Canada Temperance Act . . . Selling liquor during prohibited hours " without license 2 Violation of Indian liquor law 1 1 Malicious injury to property Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " 1 8 J 6 1 6 1 Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and Bv-Laws, breaches of . . 20 20 3 3 3 Exercising various callings without license. 3! . . . Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to 8 8 1 1 Neglecting to support familj' Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day 2 2 3 1 1 Railway Acts, offences against 3!... Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " 1 9 5 32 22 'ih 35 "3 "4 2 1 8 i 21 '"19 35 Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness 32 2 1 "1 1 1 3 2 13 1 3 1 "i "2 3 "ii 1 5 3 2 '" 2 Indecent exposure .... Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. Insanity 1 Totals 248l 16 221 34 9 70 4 64 4 6 STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE — 1905. 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau hi. — Condamnations somniaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de pais. Pkovince d'Oxtario— 5'(n7f. Halton. Hastings. Con- ^•ic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op. tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans • De- ferred kc. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M-. IF. ""8 "s "46 23 "i 1 " " '32 22 ■"15 0 Falsification de substances alimentaires. Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute en vers les animaux. 8 1 5 1 3 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 1 ... 1 3 3 1 5 " de chasse. ' i 1 Incorrigible. Larcin. 1 5 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 1 1 14 2 16 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues. 5 4 10 1 13 14 5 4 10 " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de - 1 3 1 boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux k la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et serviteurs. ? 2 5 10 18 " de la milice. Divers petits deHts. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hj^giene publique Debts ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Inf. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. 1 33 3 36 1 3 12 1 2 12 1 1 1 1 1 y 1 s 2 1 DeUts contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritime*. Debts ayant rapport a la corvee. jNIenaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. I\Tresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale 9, 1 1 7 4 15 103 3 27 1 42 2 2 5 2 "8 3 2 9 6 1 60 3 30 38 26 20 17 18 ""2 9 2 12 1 7 44 9. 4 5 6 2 ... 2 i.. . 3 1 4 69 5.5 13 1 , 404 37 331 19 91 Totatix. 222 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices Province or OyTAUio— Continued. Huron. Kent. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- \vithout f erred option. &c. Empri- Re- sonnes mise, sans etc. option. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri - sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. 1 F. M. IF. 1 20 8 20 8 29 18 28 18 1 Cruelty to animals 1 1 17 1 17 1 . ... 7 1 7 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours . . 13 3 1 13 9 9 '2 1 ""2 i Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against 4 20 2 6 20 1 1 1 1 39 1 "3 " 38 1 " 4 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license 28 4 28 4 . 1 1 _ 1 28 1 29 1 " 1 1 2 2 Statute Labour, oflences relating to 1 "2 2 "3 1 1 "" iio 2 22 5 29 12 11 1 3 6 ""'l2 ...... 1 3 28 4 5 114 2 20 1 2 1 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 1 1 7 7 2 3 182 3 2 1 10 3 10 Totals ; 1.50 28' 14 297 291 9 ( STATISTIQUE CRI^^IINELLE— 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 223 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province d'Ontakio — Suite. Lambtox. Lanark. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Falsification de substances alimentaires. 32 3 34 6 3 1 25 14 3 "i 24 15 3 1 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la pai.x. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. 3 . ... 1 5 5 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 4 4 11 11 6 6 Incorrigible. Larcin. 1 1 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 1R 13 18 11 1 1 2 19 13 1 7 1 1 Infractions aux 1 ois des licences de boissons . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Ventede boissor s durant les heui'es def endues i "l '" 2 4 " sans licence. '>, 7 1 1 1 boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages maiicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages k la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres ser\ateurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. " de la milice. 4 .... "8 1 8 Divers petits delits. St 35 7 ,8 8 1 Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur Thygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics . Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famiUe. Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens Profanation du dimanche. 6 "8 1 3 ... 1 3 20 ... 22 2 1 1 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale. 3 2 ■ ■ ■ ! . . . 15 3 6 18 172 6 12 4 6 1 66 60 7 21 2 1 "i 6 1 6 59 7 io 1 27 -.3 46 193 "' C 58 2 4 ""l 12 4 21 5 5 2 1 60 3 49S 369 10 1 ■ .59 279 9 218 10 Totaux. 224 CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 9 0 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police )nagistrates and other justices ;. , Province or OyTAHio— Continued. Leeds and Gkenvii XE. Lennox and Addington. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- without ferred option. &c. Empri- Ke- sonnes mise. .sans etc. option. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. "57 2 58 1 8 7 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . 2 2 Cruelty to animals Disturbing religi')us and like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " 4 "i 3 4 '1 3 5 1 7 Liquor License Acts, ofifences against 17 17 6 1 Selling liquor during prohibited hours 3 3 2 1 2 1 ' 3 1 1 Malicious injury to property. 2 5 1 1 2 3 2 3 Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Municipal Acts and Bj'-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, ofifences against - 14 5 "s 4 3 16 5 " 8 2 1 5 .... 5 1 Neglecting to support family 2 Threats and abusive language Trespass . Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 3 •3 19 168 1 45 1 50 "i "5 3 2 1 3 3 169 1 50 4 52 1 i5 1 1 3 5 31 3 2 29 3 1 1 4 1 5 2 2 4 417 1 19 5 Totals 409 18 9 86 2 83 4 1 STATISTIQUE C RI M IN ELL E— 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 225 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province v'Oi^TAmo— Suite. LlNXOLX. Middlesex. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- f Com- tion mitted of a without fine, option. Sur Empri- option sonnes sans option. 1 1 De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. '" 2 Falsification de substances alimentaires 28 2fi; 2 54 8 4 2 3 "7 20 2 54 8 4 2 2 "6 20 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d 'amies illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute en vers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 2 2 '"2 4 4i 1 ""1 [ Incorrigible. Larcin. 1 •■••7 1 1 "■9 2 3 2 1 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 7 23 2 25 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons Contraventions aux lois de temj^erance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues. 1 1 R . 3 " sans licence. 1 1 21 3 1 1 1 20 2 1 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent 2 "2 1 2 1 i 1 " "la milice. "56 '4 " 59 1 178 1 1 4 1 1 6 "4 isi 1 1 2 ""1 Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. [nfrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens . Profanation du diraanche. '2 1 1 1 1 6! Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. [nfractions aii\ lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapjxjrt a la corvee. 9 18 27 10 4 78 1 762 >5 7 7 15 6 287 1 10 10 78 23 i 2 3 3 " "1 .... ( J Menaces et langage injurieux. 25 7 110 "2 24 1 105 5 3 1 1 4 Empietement. Vagabondage. ivresse. Exposition indecente. 5 "i 5 3 Langage insultant, obscene, profane. 3 1 3 Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. 2!onduite dereglee. [nfractions aux lois des poids et mesures. .S 1 2 1 \lienation mentale. 261 9 244 10 16 39' 749 24 28 i Totaux. 17—15 226 CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and othe r justices. Province op O^TAmo— Continued. MUSKOKA AND PaKHY SoUND. NiPISSING. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- 'erred &e. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 32 2 1 ] 3 2 1 28 2 '1 3 2 1 4 23 54 2 23 53 1 1 1 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . 1 2 2 Disturbing religious and like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against 8 8 12 12 Larceny 7 1 6 9 1 7 3 1 7 1 7 Liquor License Acts, ofifences against 12 3 15 Selling liquor during prohibited hours ii 2 1 1 1 12 1 5 20 3 "i 1 5 21 4 1 Other damage to property ... Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against. IMedical and Dentistry Acts, ofifences against "39 3 "31 3 8 3 5 1 1 :4 5 1 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license 16 4 3 19 4 23 1 6 29 Highways, offences relating to 1 2 1 2 3 3 Profanation of the Lord's Day 3 3 2 5 2 4 i Threats and abusive language 4 4 18 33 2 8 3 105 '4 "i 5 2 4 13 22 2 6 8 95 2 1 2 59 276 1 3 10 33 1 30 1 1 25 256 1 3 37 32 38 11 Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure. ... Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. 1 8 1 1 10 3 9 3 3 5 5 1 1 1 1 323 15 Totals 283 16 39 571 50 548 52 21 STATISTIQUE CR IMI N E L L E— 1905. 227 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau hi. — Condamnations somniaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province d'Ontario— Suite. Norfolk. Northumberland AND Durham. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. • OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. !F. M. IF. 1 1 18 2 1 3 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 4 2 43 21 2 44 19 1 ■ 2 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. 3 3 3 Perturbation de reunionsreligieuseset autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. '"•2 ""2 "2 2 1 Incorrigible. Larcin. 9 ' i 2 4 5 4 2 5 1 4 2 '^ 16 16 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. 4 4 3 4 4 "i 4 5 ■S Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maltres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. 5 1 i 5 2 5 1 "i 5 2 9, 2 Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois munici pales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics . Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. 10 9 1 21 2 6 4 1 20 2 6 4 1 14 14 ' "1 ' 1 1 7 7 Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des inaisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions avix lois des poids et mesures. 5 4 3 7 1 4 2 5 15 10 42 99 1 23 4 "6 "2 17 10 5 94 1 25 1 33 3 1 "10 2 5 37 "31 3 1 9| 2 1 1 u 18 4 1 "2 18 16 4 2 0 3 144 8 112 5 35 359 313 37 27i Totaux. 17—151 228 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-C EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by ix)lice magistrates and other justices Province of Ontario— Con^mi/etZ. Ontario. Oxford. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Siir option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. !F. M. IF. Adulteration of food 1 23 11 1 19 8 ?5 i 25 . . - ll 1 4 Breach of peace 1 3 • 1 2 1 2 Cruelty to animals .^ 15 3 10 8 Liquor License Acts, offences against 13 13 5 5 1 1 1 3 1 3 .5 5 5 5 G 6 Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of.. . Exercising various callings without license 16 3 ie 3 16 2 1 27 1 16 2 1 21 1 Highways, offences relating to 18 16 2 6 1 9 1 9 1 1 4 91 . . . 5 Statute Labour, offences relating to Trespass Vagrancy "i 11 5.5 119 2 7 "•2 li 1 119 2 7 i 55 "l "3 1 82 128 1 7 1 20 1 2 "5 "i 1 "2 2 1 22 94 ] 7 1 17 1 1 ' 1 38 5 27 31 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against 1 1 1 26 26 2 1 5 1 4 320 Totals .561 5P ?> 36'* 14' 245 44 93 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELI.E— 190 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 229 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres jnges de paix. Provinx'E wOyTARlo—S^i^te. Peel. Perth. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. ! 7 7 29 27 2 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. 1 1 1 1 3 3 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. 1 1 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 8 8 4 4 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durantles heures defendues. 4 4 " sans licence. ■•l "" 3 2 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Domniages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et 9, 7 5 ? serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent " de la milice. 4 Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur Thygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pliarmaciens . fi 6 187 2 185 9 9 Profanation du dimanche. 3 3 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. 9, 2 3 2 1 3 16 26 47 1 3 3 16 23 46 1 3 Menaces et langage injurieux. ■ 3 6 Empietement. 8 1 3 1 Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons . 1 1 7 7 de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 8 2 10 Alienation mentale. 6 42 1 36 1 363 4 347 3 17 Totaux. 230 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. OFFENCEg. Provinx'E of Ontario — Continued. Peterborocgh. Prescott and Rcssell. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- j mitted j De- without ; f erred ojjtion. &c. Empri- sonnes sans option. Re- mise, etc. C9n- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- ' mitted De- without ferred option. I &c. Empri- 1 Re- sonnes I mise, sans I etc. option. Adulteration of food Assaults Breach of peace Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. Contempt of court Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings. . . . Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " Game Laws " Incorrigible Larceny " of dogs, birds, &c " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against .... Breach of Canada Temperance Act . . . Selling liquor during prohibited hours . . " without license Violation of Indian liquor law 28 Malicious injury to property Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against. Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. . Exercising various callings without license. Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure .... Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderlj' ... Weights and Measures Acts, ofifences against. Insanity Totals 334 23 34 151 2651 38 46 107 20 99 10 10 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 231 Tableau hi. — Condamnations somniairea par magistrats de police et autres juges de pais. Province d'Ontario— SwiYe. Prince Edward. Renfrew. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred Ac. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IP. d ' 4 Falsification de substances alimentaires. Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. 50 14 1 'i 2 52 14 1 .... ^ Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres 1 io "i 1 1 1 11 Infractions aux lois des pecheries. 1 1 " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. "2 "2 ""4 " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du S 3 11 1 3 14 1 Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues. " sans licente. 1 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de 1 boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres donmaages a la propriete. 1 1 Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concemant lamed, et les dent. " de la milice. Divers petits delits. ' i i 9 10 9 • 10 Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille. Inf. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens. 13 13 " - • 4 5 4 5 Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. s 3 Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. 1 1 3 2 8 ... 4 3 2 5 43 "27 7 1 Vagabondage. Ivresse. w 27 i 43 1 "22 "6 Exposition indecente. 1 I Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons 1 1 34 34 de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des jxjids et mesures. ? .., 2 Alienation mentale 48'... 41 7i 245 20 2of? 9 Totaux. 232 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices . Province of OyrAmo—Continucd. SiMCOE. Stormont, DuNn.\s and Glengarry. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. 1 F- M. IF. 54 10 1 1 55 10 1 20 2 1 2 21 2 1 1 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons, . . 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 Disturbing religious and like meetings. 4 4 2 i 2 1 1 1 1 10 3 1 10 3 Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Tempet^ance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours . . 5 7 4 1 2 6 9 4 5 2 5 3 1 2 5 3 3 1 Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against 4 4 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license 17 3 3 55 1 "2 17 3 3 57 1 13 9 "ie 1 12 9 ""I6 1 i 1 1 ' '4 18 Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against 2 24 2 17 4 18 4 3 17 14 22 117 2 10 15 2 "3 "2 18 13 9 111 2 10 2 15 io 4 1 1 3 5 3 1 8 31 2 6 "2 1 3 1 1 32 ...... 8 1 Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. 2 6 1^ 12 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 1 404 1 3 3 13 Totals 376 23 18 177 8 170 8 7 STATISTIQUE C RI MI N ELLE— 190 5. SESS'ONAL PAPER No. 17 233 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police at autres juges de paix. Province d'Ontario— 5?<(Ye. Thunder Bay and Rainy River. Victoria. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Falsification de substances alimentaires. 46 3 3 1 46 2 3 1 57 8 54 8 3 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. 3 3 2 3 1 Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " 2 " defendant le jeu. 2 " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. 18 14 4 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 19 2 21 3 3 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons . Contraventions- aux lois de temperance du n "7 1 "i 6 10 10 5 9 11 Canada. Ventede boissor s durant les heures def endues 3 " sans licence. 13 3 1 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de <^ boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages maiicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. H 1 1 1 ' i i 2 1 11 " de la milice. ■36 2 15 7 1 "2! 5 1 8 Divers petits delits. 37 4 23 5 1 8 2 Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. 15 Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics . Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille. 1 1 Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens 2 9 2 2 Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. "> 5 22 '72 12 2 5 22 486 2 13 79 55 16 16 Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. fS 30 7 36 6 124 16 90 12 4 4 Vagabondage. 624 1 87 Ivresse. Jjxposition indecente. 14 1 1 • 6 7 28 7 22 Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 7 50 ...... 6 3 3 Alienation mentale. 940 123 870 47 146 269 6 241 12 22 Totaux. 234 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province OF Ox FARIC — Continued. Waterloo. Wellaxd. OFFENCES. Con- fac- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- niitted without cation. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Adulteration of food . . Assaults Breach of peace 26 18 4 1 26 18 3 1 60 1 3 58 1 i 9 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . Contempt of court ... ... 1 1 4 1 2 Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against 4 3 j 2 L , _ . . . Gambling Acts " Game Laws , " 2 2 Incorrigible * Larcenj' ■ 13 2 11 4 " of dogs, birds, &c ' ' of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act 20 20 2 2 1 Selling liquor during prohibited hours 4 1 5 3 3 3 3 Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property 1 12 2 1 Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against 1 6 1 1 i 1 7 1 1 "i 4 3 8 Militia Acts '• 1 1 Miscellaneous minor offences . . "47 2 1 3 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against - Highwaj's, offences relating to 26 "is 1 1 1 23 ■"15 i 4 53 2 2 3 3 2 8 "" 1 Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against 1 3 Profanation of the Lord's Day 10 118 10 91 Railway Acts, offences against 5 4 1 3 24 Revenue Laws " Statute Labour, offences relating to 5 14 46 30 "l4 3 39 "i "2 6 2 12 28 30 '"it 9 39 ie 3 2 3 11 29 150 19 "8 "5 "i 6 17 26 17 "8 3 86 5 Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness > 9 43 2 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly i i 246 1 195 1 51 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 1 285 1 2 2 2 17 4 Totals 14 263 18 18 766 513 94 176 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 235 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province d'Oxtaeio — Suite. Wellixgtox. Wextworth. Con- vic- tions. Total €on- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- \'ie- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- without ferred option. &c. Empri- Re- sonnes mise, sans etc option. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 1 1 Falsification de substances alimentaires. 35 "2 ... 34 ' "2 .58 15 4 4 ... ... 61 14 4 i 1 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. 9, 2 8 8 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 3 1 3 1 " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 2 1 1 8 1 7 " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. ?6 2 28 15 4 15 4 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissona . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues 1 2 3 2 9, " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente ' 8 3 19 3 "i 3 17 2 '2 2 de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant lesmaitreset serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent . 8 " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hj'giene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. 17 5 8 1 18 5 3 175 3 13 163 3 25 1? 12 3 3 ■■'l Inf rac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens . Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. 2 8 ....^ 2 11 12 10 12 Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. 8 1 24 39 3 2 6 1 4 41 2 2 26 2 "" i 3 22 45 568 "i 4 35 1 21 28 601 i 20 2 2 1 1 Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. E.xposition indecente. 2 10 10 Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons 86 .82 1 3 131 10 139 2 de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infraction aux lois des ix)ids et mesures. 1 1 Alienation mentale. 289 7 264 21 ll!ll24i 68 1,124 23 45 Totaux. 236 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions i by police magistrates and other justices. Province of On'taeio— Conc^urfed. Province d'Ontario — Fin. • York. Totals of Ontario. Totaux d'Ontario. OFFENCES. C9n- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- ticms. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferre &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- ! tion of a fine. Siir option Com- ' mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Adulteration of food 1 ... 1571 62 402 21 78, 1 2561'.!! 29 1 27! . . . 104, 3 64: 1 10 7 175 7 17 1 9 2 486 -41 1 1,467 396 74 234 .30 26 106 65 "iog 11 7 527 9 3 2 Assaults 207 17 31 26 1 144 7 29 6 83 11 2 157 Breach of peace Carrj'ing fire-arms and unlawful weapons . . . 24 3 144 3 136 3 8 2 20 Disturbing religious and like meetings Fishery Acts, offences against 1 Gambling Acts " . 24 'l 25 1 1 Incorrigible...' Larceny ... '27 "io "17 17 2 2 ""71 5 " of timber, trees, fruits, &c 1 61 ■9 1 70 4 Liquor License Acts, offences against .... Breach of Canada Temperance Act. . 143 88 68 14 269 243 17 n 1 15 16 4 1 12 14 2 158 103 62 13 234 242 19 5 1 3,573 144 58 417 6 5 150 1:66 20 1 8 1 Violation of Indian liquor law 2 1 5 1 24 54 4 1 1 Other damage to property .... Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " .... 49 56 4 30 2 ■■■ 4 47 15 5 ... 6 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family ... 2623'236 11... 2,138 1 4 3 1 720 4070 300 134 10 58; 2 426 5 29 ... 5 ... 179 8 328, . . . 23;... 301 2 io 796 3 3 2 1 2 ' -' 2 32 3 14 21 96 3 7 t 71 3 4 37 Railway Acts, offences against 52 3 43; . . . 180' 17 43 155 543 459 5,639 57 426 345 1,968 17 6 1 1 301 121 1,329 3 6 106 721 4 i 88 6 3 5 810 91 3 58 11 39 Trespass Vagrancy 342' 15 215 57 1005 339 3 55 607; 20 63 1347 155 15 '5576 471 79 233 317 Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 581 1 388' 57 130 322 1 2216 70 15 2 63 18 2 6 74 911 3 2 5934 2 104 35 1 842 30 2 42 223 16 49 307 2 81 Totals 5,325 128 1,323 19.965 11.1)9 18,188 1,041 2,405 STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE, 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 237 Tableau hi.— Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Province of M'anitoba. Province du Manitoba. Central— Centre. Eastern— Est. Cra- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted \vithout option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 27 5 26 5 2 1 ISO 17 28 1 12 3 8 159 14 18 1 10 3 29 3 10 '"2 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la pai.K. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunic ins religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. 11 defendant le jeu. 3 1 3 3 , 1 1 8 83 1 64 2 i 20 1 8 2 1 7 Incorrigible. Larcin. 11 9| 2 6 6 7 1 10 10 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. 3 "'2 1 "4 3 8 22 1 11 41 1 ""'1 5 1 10 6 44 210 . i 1 "i 11 5 2 10 6 36 221 7 22 1 11 37 1 9 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages.. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hj'giene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux. besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. Profanation du dimanctie 65 8 "3 1 63 7[ • • • • 1 3: 3 1 368 93 434 355 5 1 9 2 1 350 84 384 324 ""1 98 2 23 10 59 33 1 1 98 6 1 . . . 1 7 9 2 4 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Emp'etement. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exixtsition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des ix)ids et mesures. Alienation mentale. ■? "2 2 3 2 258 3 11 35 25 236 2893 10 7 16 218 2 ■2:H 134 is 4 12 14 5 2,594 10 26 174 ■76 1 25 11 178 432 3 16 264 3 8 1 6 7 11 2 1 48 9 8 1 4 1 11 5 544 514 13 28 5415 217 4,652 81 899 Totaux. 238 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. OFFENCES. Province of Manitoba — Concluded. Province nu Manitoba — Fin. Southern— Sci >. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- Com- tion mitted of a without fine. option. Sur Empri- option sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Western— Oiest. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dani- na- tions. M. iF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Cora- I mitted | De- without ferred option. &c. Empri- sonnes sans option. Re- mise, etc. Adulteration of food Assaults Breach of peace Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons . Contempt of court Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings.. . Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " Game Laws " Incorrigible Larceny " of dogs, birds, &c " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against. .. . Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours. " without license Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts, offences against Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of. .... Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to si;pport family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. Insanity Totals 10 8.5 11 48 Sfi 5G 28 29 189 1 7 16 12 1 404 r-,2 .56 16 171 ."^Sl 12 16 17 riZ STATISTIQUE CR IMINELLE— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 239 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrate de police et autres juges de paix. Pbovixce of British Columbia. Province de la Colojibie-Britaxnique. Vancouver. Victoria. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- without ferred option. &c. Empri- Re- sonnes mise, sans etc. option. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. |F. M. IF. 30 24 15 1 2 1 0 1 9 2 1 X 9 1 1 '1 16 1 1 Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. 9. ^ Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. 3 47 4 1 2 3 47 4 3 3 .... ^ 1 1 1 1 Incorrigible. 6 1 ^1 20 1 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues 3 3 4 "2 58 17 62 11 2 35 2 33 Contravention a la loi relati\e a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. 12 1 12 '" 1 6 4 "3 " '3 107 1 99 4 41 45 9 4 4^ 1 1 1 4fi 1 7 7 1 "9 25 1 "2 4 21 590 Debts ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurievix. Empietenient. Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 7 7 74 21 5 3 100 .S7 186 623 6 250 5 8 1 1 1 8 "2 1 257 4 .3 1 6 1 1 .... ^ 11 2 33 13 33 1 18 1 10 8 1216' 87 1,010 117 176 385 1 13 375 13 10 Totaux. 240 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summarj' convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Province of British Columbia— CwicZwded. Province de la Colombie-Britannique— Fm. Westminster. Yale and Cariboo. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- fened &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 2 8 2 2 4 S 2 29 12 1 2 28 11 2 2 Breach of peace . 1 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . 2 1 1 1 1 Cruelty to animals Gambling Acts " 2 2 2 2 30 7 26 7 4 4 2 3 3 Liquor License Acts, offences against 3 3 6 1 4 1 2 4 1 46 2 12 "9 4 1 46 2 8 Violation of Indian liquor law 39 5 19 21 4 4 5 Other damage to property . Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " " 7 1 8 4 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to 26 4 5 25 4 5 1 24 4 3 3 1 1 25 5 3 3 Pharmacy Acts, offences against 1 1 2 2 2 1 14 144 1 6 16 28 'i 2 2 4 1 3 Trespass , . Vagrancy 2 3 1 1 1 4 12 4 20 33 203 1 6 13 2 36 24 "2 235 40 185 1 7 206 1 22 16 i 41 7 Drunkenness 4 141 26 Indecent exposure Insulting, oljscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. 1 48 6 59 4 1 1 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 1 1 Totals 316 62 299 33 46 452.3141 618 89 59 S T A T I S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L I. E — 1 9 0 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 >41 Tableau hi. — Condaranations sommaires par magistrals de police et autres juges de paix. The Territories— Les Territoires. Alberta, Northei'ii — Nord. Alberta, Southern— Sud. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted De- without ferred option, t &c. Empri- Re- sonnes mise, sans etc. option. M. IF. M. IF. Falsification de substances alimentaires. 118 ?0 6 "i 118 20 3 1 17 ' 2 19 9 6 70 15 7 8 1 71 15 7 i 7 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. s 1 17 1 2 2 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. ^ 1 1 1<^ in 1 1 1 7 6 1 1 Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 32 2 14 20 13 9 4 15 1 "2 7 3 3 16 ,S "2 3 12 " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 10 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. 1 ■3 5 1 5 42 2 4 73 2 25 24 "5 7 2 9 56 ? 54 17 22 2 2 "" 8 4 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et serviteurs. 14 74 4 13 21 3 9 1 3 1 44 17 20 R " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. 112 108 1 3 7 56 "i 39 3 7 49 i 2 1 1 6 4 4 36 Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins pubhcs. Neglig. depourvoiraux besoins de lafamille. Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens. 8fi 1 1 9, 2 S 'ie 8 6 10 1 24 14 2 4 1 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. " 3 .3 5 25 2 1 5 1 ■ "9 Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. •5 1 "2 4 2 1 21 214 3 5 10 1 "i "i 32 2 7 19 207 1 8 52 4 1 ""27 33 4 1 Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. 6.5 269 1 45 52 1 1 7 51 264 3 12 25 6 Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. 7 'so 118 6 Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. 42 4 Infractions aux lois des poids et luesures. Alienation mentale. ^1 7 112 28 7 2 983 830 149* 116 780 62 045 96 101 Totaux. -16 242 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by ix)lice magistrates and other justices. The Territokie.s— Conc/w»/e'/. Assiniboia, Eastern — Est. Assiniboia, Western — Quest. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- 1 tion of a fine. Sur ] option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. i De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. 133 16 6 4 1 "92 27 8 1 2 .1 2 1 4 "4 93 26 5 1 0 ""2 1 4 1 3 1 Assaults Breach of peace . . Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . Contempt of court ... Cruelty to animals . . . 132 17 6 1 11 5 3 1 i 10 Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " 3 5 12 41 3 29 21 3 5 12 Incorrigible 30 3 28 21 11 59 48 15 1 ' 4 Liquor License Acts, offences against 5 Selling liquor during prohibited hours .... 4 52 •5 28 40 2 4 32 5 20 16 2 .....' — 15 5 3 13 40 1 1 5 10 3 1 Malicious injury to property 8 24 18 29 1 1 0 Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against 11 ^Municipal Acts and By-laws, breache.s of . . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against 106 21 25 3 1 106 21 25 3 2 1 46 23 1 46 5 22 1 Neglecting to support family 7 27 7 16 1] 87 9 61 6 26 3 72 32 2 Threats and abusive language 9 5 32 268 6 7 6 5 "i 1 6 5 8 244 5 7 4 5 1 is 18 1 1 2 6 7 9 10 134 303 4 3 15 25 "2 3 4 1 1 7 54 2.58 2 3 17 23 9 Trespass 3 10 Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly .. Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity 16 3 2 i 2 18 958 h 15 24 16 2 23 18 Totals 808 65 100 970 762 147 S4 STATISTIQUE C RIM I N ELLE— 1 9 05. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 243 Tableau III. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Les Teeritoibes— Fi/t. Saskatchewan. Yukon. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- 1 tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. Falsification de substances alimentaires. 75 7 7 79 7 7 1 8 3 21 5 2 1 22 5 2 ... 1 ---. Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paLx. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. 7 9 1 8 9 ->, Perturbation de reunions religieuseset autres. Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. I 1 4 1 1 46 2 7 2 39 Incorrigible. Larcin. "i 16 '" 5 16 11 1 1 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 7 2 " bois, arbres, fniits, etc. If) 17 1 18 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Ventede boissons durant les heures def endues. 1 "4 1 7 4 \2 1 2 10 14 1 10 6 7 12 4 " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et 8 8 7 2 13 1 1 15 8 13 ser\-iteurs. Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent. ' ' de la milice. "49 7 "i " 46 7 7 1 1 ■ "3 "14 1 1 2 9 1 ""5 i 1 Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Inf. aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concemant les phatmaciens. Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. 8 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapjxjrt a la corvee. 1 5 31 "2 4 "5 " 5 20 196 3 3 11 6 io 22 ""3 14 1 3 "9 176 "1 7 2 1 2 10 7 58 1 Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. 228 3 3 6 7 9 1 "i 117 1 ""l 7 I\Tesse. ExiX)sition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 5 2 7 8 9 10 Alienation mentale. ._ ____ 554 \ 26 478 48 54 347 30l 237I 17 123 Totaux. 17-161 244 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 TABLji III. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. Prinx'e Edward Island — Ile du Prince-Edouahd. I!t04. 1905. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- \nc- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a Sne. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re mise, etc. Op- 1 tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- Bonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. "4 10 9 3 9 3 iJ Breach of peace Contempt of court 2 2 6 2 2 6 1 1 Disturbing religious and like meetings 1 1 " of dogs, birds, &c. ' Breach of Canada Temperance Act 44 15 49 ( 3 64 10 74 Violation of Indian liquor law Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. 2 2 Municipal Acts and Bj'-Laws, breaches of. . Exercising various callings without license . 25 25 23 2 2 18 1 24 2 2 18 Highways, offences relating to 1 ... 1 Railway Acts, offences against 2 1 1 Threats and abusive language 4 1 5 1 1 Vagrancy 3 285 1 3 ' ' '288 3 1 4 171 2 1 ■■"i72 6 Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Lo'^se, idle, disorderly 2 2 4 4 9 2 11 5 2 7 3 2 5 Totals 399 22 1 406 11 4 313 18 320 el 5 STATISTIQUE C R I MI X ELLE— 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 245 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Nova Scotia— Xouvelle-Ecosse. 1904. 1905. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- ons Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. |F. Falsification de substances alimentaires. 241 173 8 3 9 44 '"i 227 190 8 3 10 13 28 1 1 11 22 16 226 141 3 3 21 8 38 6 18 37 210 172 3 3 21 7 38 4 3 34 3 Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. 10 ^?, 1 Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. 98 1 2 Incorrigible. Larcin. 6 6 13 12 1 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 4 84 223 1 79 33 11 1.5 1 115 230 1 93 1 4 3 1 " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 49 15 11 64 234 1 61 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. 234 1 11 Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Ventede boissons durant les heures def endues 54 _1 " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de 4 "i 4 65 1 70 3 1 72 .. ..^ boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages maiicieux a la propriete. Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concemant les maltres 68 4 1 1 1 1 1 "l serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent. 1 1 2 1 " de la milice. 9 Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygi^ne publique. 139 q 5 4 "l 99 1 25 6 2 13 44 194 23 1 47 1 11 185 23 1 47 17 3 s ?5 i Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics . Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille. Infrac. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens 0 3 ^ 1 5 2 23 1 51 4 71 2423 4 121 5 69 "2 14 106 io 4 3 "5 2 9 1 30 4 63 2,451 3 131 5 60 1 Profanation du dimanche. 17 4 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. 9 6 3 2 12 23 Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Vagabondage. I\T:esse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. 40 8 15 ii 87 1 9 15 3 33 8 53 2,262 9 84 it 21 8 53 3 io 22 5 29 ' 1 2 55 2257 11 76 12 . 37 10 41 1 4 20 2 2 2 6 2 8 Alienation mentale. S580 Q-^q 3,563 144 112 sq65 969 4,004 82 148 Totaux. 246 CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 190 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. New Brunswick N OUVEAV- Brin.swick. 1W4. VMi). OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- ^-ic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Siir option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri - sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. M. IF. 117 74 3 5 2 111 69 2 11 7 1 96 33 9 4 103 36 2 1 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . 8 11 1 9 11 2 6 2 6 Disturbing religious and like meetings Game Laws " 18 IS 27 27 4 2 1 1 Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during prohibited hours 3 348 8 4 1 10 "i 3 357 8 5 i i 18 270 3 25 "8 "3 i8 278 3 28 Malicious injury to property Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against 4 17 . 1 3 17 1 12 12 1 Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings ^vithout license 44 2 2 13 1 "i 44 2 2 14 1 26 1 2 9 2 "3 • 9 1 i "i 27 1 3 9 2 ■ 4 9 Highways, offences relating to Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " 23 4 14 22 3 1 1 7 1 6 14 10 4 27 1 85 1628 4 39 19 3 3 4 48 "2 16 1 33 1,643 4 39 21 3 6 9 2 11 23 1,733 4 38 21 3 Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly is 1 16 7 is 40 26 0 1 43 1679 4 34 19 4 3 55 5 25 5 i 10 1 '" "13 3 2 5 5 4 9 Totals 2527 97 2,469 45 110 2359 121 2,413 39 2.S STATISTIQUECRIMINELLE — 1905 iJESSiONAL PAPER No. 17 247 Tableau hi. — Condanmations sommaires par magistrals de police et autres juges de paix. Quebec. 1904. 1905. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam - na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. OFFENSES. Op. tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred kc. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. "F"'""- M. IF. 1 4 4 742 216 25 1 107 47 9 26 661 195 9 6 1 9'.l 12 ... 1 27 700 "191 9 5 99 18 17 55 18 Falsification de substances alimentaires. Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres Infractions aux lois des pecheries. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 70i5 100 221 i 3 29 ... l! 17 47 8 4 2 60 14 llli 1 45 3 1 4 1 101 15 1 2 8' 1 72 1 15 2 .1 57 10 16 1 59 19 4 1 28; 1 1 ... 2 26 1 3 2 1 58 "2 161 3 23 47 '2 184 2 12 8fi 18 102 1 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du 90 11 101 i 141 423 8 1 191 69 7 95 1 21 9 148 516 8 2 197 74 Canada. Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues. 299, 71 368 8 1 1 1 " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommasres malicieux a la orooriete. i98 is 23 ... 4 193 20 4 23 3 1 1 14 Autres dommages a la ijropriete. 3 Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concemant lamed, et les dent. 1 1 " de la milice. Divers petits delits. 430 24 117 1 13 . . . 428 117 13 10 3 5 26 1 5.57 366 79 39 19 46 11 5 1 582 360 83 33 9 i 21 17 1 7 9 Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hvgiene publique 10] . . . 8 ... 14; 1 i "4 10 Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Inf. aux lois concemant les phannaeiens. 12 58 10 23 3 15 40 10 3 ii 7 Profanation du dimanche. 282: i 5!... 258 4 14 8 1 66 17 4 Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Dehts contre le revenu de I'Etat. 84!... 20 Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. ioii u 31! 2 59 32 1,221 3,345 43 13 425 48 2 56 40 1 35 11 468 726 3 4 578 11 18 •Jl.-.s- 26 29 1,346 3,902 21 10 779 166 2 1 n\ 288 2 44 12 24 5 388 591 1 ""38 15 ' 61 Menaces et langage injurieux. Erapietement. 1372 3-10-1 43 12 209 54 9 373 582 8 1 281 2 255 251 6 11 6 269 390 2 "54 2 I08O 4055 21 6 283 182 2 43 Vagabondage. Ivresse. Exposition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. ■ Alienation mentale 8142 1520 8,0871 625 950 9575 9,734 703 1,296 Totaux. 248 CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi. — Summary conxnctions by police magistrates and other justices. 4- OFFEXCES. Ontakio. 1904. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Com- mitted De- without ferred option. , &c. Sur Empri- Re- option, sonnes mise, sans I etc. option. I l'.)05. Con- vic- Sentence. Op- Com- tions tion mitted De- Total of a without ferred fine. option. &c. Con- — — — dam- Sur Empri - Re- na- option sonnes mise, tions. sans option. etc. M. IF. Adulteration of food Assaults Breach oi peace Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . Contempt of court Cruelty to animals Disturbing religious and like meetings; . . . . Fishery Acts, offences against Gambling Acts " Game laws " Incorrigible Larceny " of dogs, birds, &c . . - " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act Selling liquor during j^rohibited hours " without license Violation of Indian liquor law Malicious injury to property Other damage to propertj* Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against. Militia Acts . ' ' Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, ofiFences against , Highways, ofltences relating to Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly Weights and Measures Acts, offences against Insanity" Totals J 183W 1-S37 16762 9 1615 245 75 11 281 33 61 117 61 13 109 12 14 636 188 67 60 9 1 371 13 240' 1 2oI 10 31 . . . 3 . . . 2988 114 82 36 414 22 2 167 576 16 362 27 683 21 1113133 4996;469 64' 340 136 2041 9 39 3 46 315 71 1 9 12 1559 243 69 11 266 28 59 111 57 73 12 8 687 204 73 55 ,s 300 232 30 1 2 2573 75 34 429 12 2 101 476 15 7 351 588 427 5010 60 380 366 1750 6 15 15 594 94 4 2 41 19 841 1 130 10 2 1 . .. 157l! 62 402' 21 78' 15 256 6 29 2 27 6! 104 4i 64 .. ; 10 39| 175i 7 171 1 6 9 2 486 41 1 1467 396 74 7 234 30 26 106 65 1431 15 S8| 16 681 4 109 11 52( 158 103 62 14! 1 13 84 269 12 234 5 243 14 242 . ... 171 2 2! 11... ll 1... 528 4070 300 10 2 2 6 69 80 1 36 101 225 361 3 4 44 343 4 48 134 10 58 2 4261 5 29 5 179 8 328 23 "43 ISO 17 607 20 19 5 1 3.573 144 58 417 6 5 150 266 20 134'; 5576 58 388 2216 15 63 1551 43 155 543 459 47li 5639 57 426 '43Q[322V 345 ' " 701 1968 2 17 181 10 810 91 2180 !!•»'•■•: l^'l I8I881 1041 157 24 3 20 71 1 47 15 6 796 2 14 21 '37 52 3 39 79 233 317 2 16 49 307 SI 2405 S T A T 1 S T I(^ U E C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 249 Tableau in. — Condamnations soramaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix. Manitoba. 1904. 190.5. Con- vic- tions Total Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Sentence. OFFENSES. Op- tion of a fine. Com- mitted without option. De- ferred &c. Op- tion of a fine. Com- mitted without option. De- ferred &c. Con- dam- Sur Empri- Re- Con- dam- Sur Empri-' Re- na- tions. option sonnes sans mise, etc. , na- tions. option sonnes sans mise, etc. option. option. M. IF. M. IF. 199 3 31 39 19 24 33 6 49 199 483 14 62 142 223 58 6 28 31 145 2425 15 14 104 149 1 4535 214 355 190 3 24 34 18 25 34 6 48 201 458 14 60 126 231 46 6 14 16 2328 12 12 310 135 4.386 14 33 10 250 32 32 1 15 4 24 62 286 .505 101 434 358 14 37 16 56 112 281 159 3408 14 26 32 239 "'8 229 29 21 1 13 4 23 23 11 11 33 7 54 303 486 91 384 327 14 33j 7 3085 13 28 82 194 101 3 1 "3 1 25 23 200 456 Falsification de substances alimentaires. Voies de fait. Perturbation de la paix. Port d'armes illegal. Mepris de cour. Cruaute envers les animaux. Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.- Infractions aux lois des pecherie.s. " defendant le jeu. " de chasse. Incorrigible. Larcin. Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. " bois, arbres, fruits, etc. Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. Contraventions aux lois de temperance du Canada. Ven te de boissons durant les heures def endues. " sans licence. Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de boisson aux Sauvages. Dommages malicieux a la propriete. . Autres dommages a la propriete. Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs. Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent . " de la milice. Divers petits delits. Contraventions aux lois municipales. Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique. Delits ayant rapf)ort aux chemins publics . Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens . Profanation du dimanche. Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat. Infractions aux lois maritimes. Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. Menaces et langage injurieux. Empietement. Ivress Exix>sition indecente. Langage insultant, obscene, profane. T^^nant, habitant et frequentant des maisons de desordre. Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures. Alienation mentale. 79, 425 6.507 2821 .5693 116 980 Totaux. 250 CRIMINAL S T A T 1 S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 . 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices. British Columbia— Colombie-Britannique. 1904. 1905. OFFENCES. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dam- na- tions. Sentence. Con- vic- tions Total Con- dani- na- tions. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com.- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Ite- mise, etc. Op- tion of a fine. Sur option Com- mitted without option. Empri- sonnes sans option. De- ferred &c. Re- mise, etc. M. IF. •m. if. "17 3 3 "'74 "3 69 37 4 1 5 1 3 79 16 ' ii 108 35 13 5 1 "1 96 29 13 " 9 4 i 1 2 1 8 40; 2 4'.. 2 ... 5 ... 11'.:: 2 ... 3 Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . . Cruelty to animals 13 Fishery Acts, offences against. Gambling Acts " 190 11 "183 10 7 X 3 2 4 8 5 13 2 4 " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against "6 "■3 3 "32 i ■ '29 i ■ 3 Selling liquor during prohibited hours 4 1 7 "1 4 1 110 1 24 7 1 181 2 37 1 "34 "i 7 1 164 32 ""3 40 11.5 2 24 10 1 2 1 7 11 Other damage to property Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts, offences against 6 ] Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of Exercising various callings without license 74 4 32 (•)7 3 1 5 1 72 4 28 67 1 1 157 13 50 53 1 2 1 149 14 49 52 10 4 1 2 1 1 1 Pharmacy Acts, offences against 1 7 2 1 1 7 2 1 13 13 24 "5 8 11 5 2 5 5 i .... ^ 14 ' 2 Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language 13 8 239 1223 7 33 48 32 "i 46 61 319 4 6 62 1,176 5 30 302 7 1 104 41 2 2 52 4 8 3 233 1183 15 12 53 16 105 "i 460 28 1.211 11 12 497 iio 16 4 9 111 61 ' 1 7 119 Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. 67 "'6 13 21 Weights and Measures Acts, offences against. Insanity 4 4 1 1 2265 604 Totnls ' 2,450 167 252 2396 478 2,331 252 291 STATTSTIQUE CRIMINELLE, 19 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 251 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magisti-ats de police et avitres juges de paix. The Territories — Les Territoires. 1904. 1905. Sentence. Sentence. Con- vic- Con- vic- OFFENSES Op- Com- Op- Com- tions tion mitted De- tions tion mitted De- Total of a without ferred Total of a \vithout ferred fine. option. &c. fine. option. &c. Con- — — — Con- — — — dam - Sur Empri- Re- dam- Sur Empri- Re- na- option sonnes mise, na- option sonnes mise, tions. sans option. etc. tions.' sans option. etc. M. IF. M. IF. 399 154 37 6 33 114 3 44 92 17 393 130 28 5 2S "32 51 38 11 15 12 188 72 207 5 9 1 217 17 21 13 \ 21 122 2 1 32 34 275 1292 13 37 m 70 15 28 111 4 71 119 6 7 185 17 19 12 89 30 31 116 1,092 11 35 151 63 24 3870 254 3,163 13 35 3 144 126 2 2 4 28 10 508 91 33 5 42 1 8 73 34 173 12 43 82 22 214 1 2 9' 89 206 21 125 368 38 68 '.19 2 'u 152 12 32 31 322 1508 17 33 94 56 75 447. 514 4592 268 3,760 21 516 89 30 3 41 116 6 39 5 46 150 5 77 106 6 1 355 3 65 90 19 25 122 1,236 12 28 203 51 174 167 4 4 6 [Falsification de substances alinientaires. 23 Voies de fait. 1 Perturbation de la ])aix. . . . . jPort d'armes illegal. . . . 'Mepris de cour. 2 Cruaute envers les animaux. . . . . Perturbation de reunionsreligieusesetautres . . . . Infractions aux lois des pecheries. 39 I. defendant le jeu. 1 II de chasse. Incorrigible. 64 Larcin. 6 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc. 4 II bois, arbres, fruits, etc. 1 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons. . . . . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du j Canada. . . Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues . . . I II sans licence. 7 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de i boisson aux Sauvages.. . . . . DoDimages malicieux a la propriete. 20!Autres domniages a la propriete. 91 1 Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et I serviteurs. . . . . 'Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent. . . . I II de la inilice. . . [Divers petits delits. 15|Contraventions aux lois municipales. li Pratiquant divers etats sans licence. 4' Infractions aux lois sur I'hj'giene publiq^ue. 8 Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics. 2!Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille. . . . Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens. IProfanation du dimanche. . . . [Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer. 1 Delits contre le revenu de TEtat. . . . Infractions aux lois mari times. . . . [Delits ayant rapport a la corvee. lljMenaces et langage injurieux. 6, Empietement. 32j Vagabondage. 127!lvresse. 2 Exposition indecente. 2 Langage insultant, obscene, profane. 8| Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons j de desordre. 4 Conduite dereglee. Infractions aux lois des jwids et mesures. 96 Alienation mentale. 522 .578. .Totaux. 252 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906 Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrate de police et autres juges de paix. OFFENSES Canada. I!t04. 1905. Sentence. C9n- vic- Con- vic- Op- Com- tions tion mitted De- tions Total of a fine. without option. ferred &c. Total Con- — . — — Con- dam- Sur Empri- Re- dam- na- option sonnes mise, na- tions. sans option. etc. tions. M. IF. M. IF. Sentence. Op- tion of a fine. Com- I mitted De- without ! f erred option. &c. Sur Empri- option sonnes sans option. Re- mise, etc. Adulteration of food 13 Assaults ,3394 Breach of peace 9^18 Carrying firearms and unlawful weaix)ns j 19(5 Contempt of court ... 23 Cruelty to animals 474 Disturbing religious and like meetings j 109 Fishery Acts, offences against. 139 Gambling Acts " j 464 Game Laws " ! Incorrigible Larceny " of dogs, birds, &c " of timber, trees, fruits, &c Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act. ... Selling liquor during prohibited hours. ... " without license Violation of Indian liquor law INIalicious injury to property Other damage to property .... .... Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against Militia Acts " Miscellaneous minor offences Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of. . . Exercising various callings without license Health By-laws, offences against Highways, offences relating to Neglecting to support family Pharmacy Acts, offences against Profanation of the Lord's Day Railway Acts, offences against Revenue Laws " Seamen Acts " Statute Labour, offences relating to Threats and abusive language Trespass Vagrancy Drunkenness Indecent exposure Insulting, obscene and profane language. . Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. Loose, idle, disorderly _. . . . Weights and Pleasures Acts, offences against. Insanity 4 16 217' 3327 70 883 1 169 2 22 9 44.0 0 106 1 1 148l 2| 13! 2| . 271 9! 16 ...1 60.. I 9III1OII 626' 36 32.5 28 400 103 404 24 32 1 801 j 36 670 6 31 1 11 13... 6L.. 4400 162 245 4 174 3 6851 19 39 5 21 1 412 13 1091 2 46 . . . 134 .. . 599 60 788 24 3281 566 1747i:i 142 > 165! 12 532; 61 594! i39» 2346 i 83 151 1 113 35 128 4081 142 15 Totals *S664 4S28 207 16 521 979 640 351 5611 318 26 720 572 42 8 2 3884 238 164 684 22 11 355 907 41 28 7 518 676 1883 17179 ]50 577 1779 2031 12 41286 1 27 1 264 3390'231 63 9441 77 19 159 2 25 442 66 93 411 8 1 172 .13 73 465 .. i 29 8 58 14' 887 2(; 12| 57! 3 2 1 13 2 117 98 3 3 626 11 13 20 15 11 69 116 3 24 3 18 1180 565 20 4 92 31 2359 138 118 784 1151 7 12 113 367 4 148 4547 557 311 647 5o4 33 738 805 25 20 1 5900 678 694 1049 54 6 312 574 49 61 44 363 741 3887 20043 125 645 611 2793 17 204 19 1 2 105 29 22 156 57 2 38! 40 2 12 49072 28 3298 960 141 21 415 66 92 344 170 "320 1 49 984 582 333 798 417 30 678 725 26 10 1 5381 672 645 993 17 6 286 431 42 23 441 2601 640 2082 i 193941 115 695 1737 2456 19 46443 ll! 13 6 4!.. 3: 2'., 312 48 13 ' 26 1 1 70 1 2 20 5 1.59 2 11 11 2 6 4 4 123 4 1 10 1 3 20 6 1539 628 9 10 175 31 1 21 1 97 110 872 29 67 63 34 37 63 4 12 iso 116 987 1599 6 24 124 398 270 2761 5731 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906 TABLE IV. NUMBER OF PERSONS FINED AND AMOUNTS OF FINES. TABLEAU IV. NOMBRE DE PERSONNES MISES A L'AMENDE ET MONTANTS DES AMENDES. 254 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table iv. Number of persons fined and amounts of fines. Prince Edwabd Island. Ilk du Pkince-Edouard. Nova Scotia. Nodvellk-Ecosse. SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. No. of per- sons fined. Nom- brede per- sonnes mises ^I'a- mende Amount of fines, costs or damages. Montant des amendes, frais ou dommages. " No. of pers. com. to jail in defa'lt to pay fines. Nomb. de per. mises en pri- son k d^faut de payer I'am. No. of per- sons fined. Nom- brede per- sonnes mises kl'a- mende Amount of fines, costs or damages. Montant des amendes, frais ou dommages. No. of pers. com. to jail in defa'lt to pay fines. Nomb. deper. Total am'nt. Mon- tant total. Paid. Pay«. Not paid. Non pay6. Total i p^id. am nt. Mon- ~ tant Pay^. total. Not paid. Non pay6. en pri- son h d6faut de payer I'am. S S S § a $ 4 io 10 25 1 5 1 1() 9 9 '" 5 1 210 172 3 3 21 38 4 "12 1,503 844 35 18 159 48 1,465 35 ""85 2 1,200 802 35 18 134 31 1,327 35 ""85 2 303 42 17 2 Carrying fire-arms & unlawf. weapons Contempt of court ""25 17 138 ""1 1 1 Gambling Acts " Game Laws " Larceny 1 5 5 * " of timber, trees, fruits, &c. . . Liquor License Acts, offences against Breach of Canada Temperance Act . . Selling liquor during prohib'd hours H without license Violation of Indian liquor law . . . 1 115 230 1 93 1 72 4,040 3.573 467 1,844 ' 1,859 6 74 6,822 3,451 3.371 14 12,495 50 5,244 15 361 10,651 50 3,385 15 325 21 4 36 6 Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against. 1 12 12 """7 9 40 "2! 2 ' "23 " iiy "i85 23 1 47 Munic. Acts & By-laws, breaches of . . Exercis'g various callings with't lie. Health By-laws, offences against. . . Highways, offences relating to T^eglecting to support family 24 2 2 18 28 2 9 63 464 146 13 173 459 146 13 168 5 .... ^ 1 Profanation of the Lord's Day 5 2 9 1 30 4 63 2,451 3 131 5 60 20 175 19 2 118 32 988 8,916 17 372 220 234 20 175 7 2 107 32 438 7,802 17 308 220 227 "i2 "ii Seamen Acts " Statute Labour offences relating to . Threats and abusive language Trespass 1 10 1,145 10 "44 550 1,114 17 Drunkenness 172 490 655 195 Insulting, obscene & prof, language Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and inmates thereof. 4 7 38 45 38 45 3 64 7 15 2 Weights & Meas. Acts, offenc. against Totals 320 8,207 4,067 4,140 7S 4,004 38,320 31,821 6,499 289 STATISTIQUE CRi:\IINELLE— 1905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 255 Tableau iv Nombre de personnes mises a I'amende et montants des ame^des. New Brunswick, — Quebec. Nouveau-Brdnswick. No. of No. of Amount of per. Amount of pers. No. of fines, costs or com. 10 No. of fines, costs or com. to per- damages. jail in per- damages. jail in sons defa'lt sons — defa'lt fin 29 1 30 42 1 32 69 9 91 40 1 106 11 10 11 6 109 1 1 11 50 1,039 4,951 13 54 272 325 83,972 r,749 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906 TABLE V. SUMMARY CONVICTIONS AND CASES SUBJECT TO TRIAL BY JURY. TABLEAU V. CONDAMNATIONS SOMM AIRES ET CAUSES JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY. 17—171 260 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table v. — Summary convictions and cases subject to trial by jury. Summary Convictions. Condamnations sommaires. CASES SUBJECT TO TRIAL BY JURY BUT TRIED SUMMARILY BY CONSENT. CAUSES JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY MAIS JUGEES SOMMAIREMIJNT DE CONSENTEMENT. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. DISTRICTS JUDICI- AIRES. By Police or other Magistrate. Par un Magistrat de Police ou autre. Under the Si^eedy Trials Act. En vertu de I'Acte des proces expeditifs. Con- Ac- victions. quittals. Con- Ac- damna- quitte- tions. ments. 1 Totals. Totaux. Con- victions. Con- daiima- tions. Ac- quittals. • Ac- quitte- ments. Totals. M. r. To- tals. To- taux. Totaux. M. F. H. F. M. F. H. F. M. F. H. F. King's, P.E.I.-l. duP.-E.. Prince P E I — I du P.-E 2 101 210 ""3 15 2 104 225 Queen's, P.E.I. —I. duP.-E. 32 1 23 55 1 1 Totals of P. E. Island..! 313 18 331 32 1 23 55 Totaux de IT. du P.-E. / Province of Ontario. Algoma and Manitoulin ..... Brant Bruce Carleton 564 471 249 918 50 215 382 206 248 70 69 404 182 297 423 279 417 86 261 762 323 571 144 359 i520 368 42 363 334 107 48 245 404 177 ' 940 ; 269 1 285 766 289 1,124 1 5,934 65 16 3 128 3 11 10 10 16 4 ■ 37 10 10 15 9 19 2 9 39 15 50 8 18 5 14 1 4 15 5 "26 13 8 123 6 14 17 68 842 629 487 252 1,046 53 226 392 216 264 74 69 441 192 307 438 288 436 88 270 801 338 621 152 377 325 382 43 367 349 112 48 265 417 185 1,063 275 299 783 296 1,192 6,776 45 118 5 164 4 33 53 27 23 4 2 6 "23 4 36 "48 •••5 5 49 154 5 212 4 54 53 35 46 11 2 11 "28 10 9 13 17 "i 1 2 8 7 9 12 17 20 26 "i 1 Elgin. . ' i "i 21 1 1 1 "5 4 8 4 12 24 11 9 14 17 23 9 25 1 11 15 4 21 3 15 7 8 20 4 ■ 7 4 9 36 4 3 4 16 7 18 48 66 540 8 7 "3 12 15 4 15 24 16 17 16 23 29 11 29 2 17 21 6 39 4 27 7 13 25 7 10 6 "12 42 5 3 5 18 12 23 62 97 749 Frontenac Grey. 8 1 "4 Halton 2 "2 3 "i "2 ""l i 8 22 5 8 2 6 6 2 4 1 6 6 2 18 1 12 ■■■5 5 3 3 2 "3 6 1 "1 2 5 5 14 31 209 "i " i 2 .... :::: .... 4 9 Hastings . . 34 5 34 35 4 20 81 17 60 10 19 13 23 4 5 1 "2 "i 6 3 '4 2 2 26 44 9 5 1 2 41 1 7 10 1 .... 5 6 4 .... 60 12 78 44 4 25 9 18 122 38 67 20 20 13 32 9 'ii 1 "2 ' i 10 3 ■■■4 2 2 1 1 Huron •) Rent Lambton Lanark Leeds and Grenville Lennox and Addington "2 3 "i Middlesex ? Muskoka and Parry Sound . . Nipissing . . . Norfolk Northumberland & Durham . Ontario Oxford 9 1 Peel 1 Perth 82 55 I 8 28 13 76 17 35 89 14 120 931 2 2 1 37 17 3 .... ' i 119 72 10 3 8 29 20 89 24 49 97 25 250 1.572 3532 2 2 2 "1 "i 1 "3 "21 178 305 Peterborough . . . . Prescott and Russell Prince Edward 2 Simcoe 1 ' i 1 "i "io 110 1 7 13 7 14 8 11 130 641 " '2 ii 68 113 Storm 't, D'das and Gleng'ry . Thunder Bay & Rainy River. Victoria Waterloo Welland Wellington Wentworth York ■'i "2 12 Totals of Ontario ) Totaux d'Ontario / J 19,965 1,669 21,6342333 192 1199 31 STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE, 190 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 261 Tableau v. — Condamnations sommaires et causes justiciables d'un jury. CASES TRIED BY JURY. TOTALS OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES. GRAND TOTALS OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES AND SUM- MARY CONVICTIONS. Grand Totals CAUSES TOTAUX DES DELITS GRANDS TOT.\UX DES offen- ces. JUGEES PAR JURES. JUSTICIABLES DUN DELITS JUSTICIABLES JURY. D'UN JURY ET DES CON- DAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES. — Grands Con- Ac- Con- Ac- Con- Ac- de toutes victions. quittals. Totals. \-ictions. quittals. Totals. victions. quittals. Totals. Con- Ac- — Con- Ac- Totaux. Con- Ac- Totaux. les of- fences. damna- quitte- Totaux. damna- quitte- damna- quitte- tions. ments. tions. ments. tions. ments. M. F. H. F. M. F. H. F. M. F. H. F. M. F. 2i. .. 105 3 2421 16 i H. F. M. 2 105 265 F. "3 16 2 4 4 4 4 32 36 4 55 'l 108 1 1 23 23 lllLi 23 281 4 59 1 349 10 23 372 19 391 Province d'Ontario. 144 4 2 I 1 3l 17 5: 112 15 256 56 130 18 185 5 39 64 35 37 31 11 45 20 52 62 13 45 9 33 106 21 83 13 37 20 32 22 91 64 11 3 17 64 20 87 25 54 103 11 32 1 172 51050 12]3017 219 11 121 . 65 5 174 . . 25 5 245 3 12 12 20 12 18 16 19 147 689 68 74 43 66 39 17 87 29 106 79 16 54 15 43 163 28 111 26 50 21 48 28 136 85 16 3 20 76 32 107 37 72, 119 51 1 319i 1,739 10; 2 11 1 2 4 1 24 195 1,520 129 4,537 348 620 601 267 ,103 55 254 446 241 285 101 80 449 202 349 485 292 462 95 294 868 344 654 157 396 340 400 64 454 398 lis 51 262 468 197 ;027 294 339 869 321 ,293 ,984 67 23 4 151 3 11 n 10 17, 4 '4! 12 15 16 11 24 2 10 451 19 50 12 20 7 14 2 6 17 20 14 8 124 8 14 19 7 79 963 22,9821888 1,520 3 12 12 20 12 18 16 19 147 689 629 67 645 28 274: 4 1,163 156 55 3 283 12 456 11 249 10 314! 21 109 4 86; ... . 491! 47 211' 12 4031 21 502 16 295 471 101 304 925 351 682 170 409 341 416 70 499 419 123 51 265 480 209 1,047 306 357 885 340 1,443 7,673 129 24,502 11 24 2 11 51 20 50 12 20 7 15 2 6 17 9 "'26 16 8 124 8 14 21 8 92 1037 696 673 278 1,319 58 295 467 259 335 113 86 538 223 424 518 306 495 103 315 976 371 732 182 429 348 431 72 505 436 132 51 285 496 217 1,171 314 371 906 348 1,535 8,710 2017| 26,519 262 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 905. 5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906 Table v. — Summary convictions and cases subject to trial by jury. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. DISTRICTS JUDICI- AIRES. Summary Convictions. Condamnations sommaires. cases subject to trial by jury but tried summarily by consent. causes justtciables dun jury mais ju(;kks sommaikement de consentement. M. To- tals. To- taux. Bj' Police or other Magistrate. Par un Magistral de Police ou autre. Con- Ac- victions. quittals. Con- damna- tions. Totals. Ac- quitte- Totaux. ments. LTnder the SiJeedy Trials Act. En vertu de I'Acte des proces expeditifs. Con- victions. Con- damna- tions. M. F. H. F. M. H. Ac- quittals. Totals Ac- quitte- j Totaux ments. M. F. I H. F. Province of Quebec. 87 112 61 86 17 12 39 58 66 12 6,523 356 17 1,227 86 134 9 ■■■■2 7 1 2 '""i 1 1,901 21 ieo 21 5 87 114 68 87 19 12 39 58 67 13 8,424 377 17 1,387 107 139 9 403 121 7 158 3 1 2 5 1 2 5 6 2 6 6 1 3 31 2 4 2 1 1 3 47 2 5 2 1 5 flp/^fnrd 16 '" 1 4 Chieoutimi Iberville 10 4 7 .... 2 .... 10 6 7 Montmagny Montreal 1 972 1 1 127 "'26 1 86 16 1 ■75 1 '"8 2 1 2 3 138 '43 "12 "i 4 1110 1 1 170 87 1 9 2 1 486 34 'ii 21 1 78 4 1 2 5 11 564 38 1 13 18 32 1 Pontiac 11 '35 "2 31 1 121 16 1 1 .385' 18 4 Rt TTvaointhe . . . 116 5 147 5 2 11 6 5 25 "i 1 2 1 8 .... i 8 6 .33 1 Three Rivers 1 2 Totals of Quebec | Totaux de Quebec / 9,555 2,158 11,713 1271 92 250 19 1521 111 614 24 104 12 718 36 Province of New Brunswick. Albert Carleton : . - . Charlotte Gloucester Kent. 7 64 239 20 3 23 3 5 2 7 67 244 22 3 23 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 "3 1 9 1 9 1 1 2 3 1 Northumberland 273 3 276 12 1 13 St. John 993 80 1,073 45 2 14 59 3 4 1 2 1 6 2 1 5 1 18 1 7 4 30 Westmoreland York 521 216 17 11 538 227 18 4 2 18 4 108 2 5 0 2 3 12 1 25 1 Totals of New Brunswick | Totaux du N. -Brunswick/ 2,359 121 2,480 83 4 3 8 T AT I S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 263 Tableau v. — Condamnations sommaires et causes justieiables d'un jury. CASES TRIED BY JURY. , CAUSES JUGEES PAR .JURES. TOTALS OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES. TOTAUX DES DELITS JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY. GRAND TOTALS OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES AND SUM- MARY CONVICTIONS. GLANDS TOTAUX DES DELITS JUSTICIABLES D'UNJURY ET DES CON- DAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES. Grand Totals of all offen- ces. Con- victions. Con- damna- tions. Ac- quittals. ,Ac- quitte- ments. Totals. Totaux. Con- victions. Con- damna- tions. Ac quittals. Ac- quitte- ments. Totals. Totaux. Con- Ac- victions. i quittals. Con- Ac- damna- quitte- tions. ments. Totals. Totaux. Grands Totaux de toutes les of- fenses. M. 1 F. H. F. M. F. 1 H. F. M. F. H. F. M. F. H. F. M. F. Province de Quebec. 03 61 13 124 11 5 9 31 2 4 12 4 7 1 1,498 39 3 141 13 20 1 94 22 6 25 1,948 117 16 3 262 7 3 .50 5 11 "40 2 1 9 415 26 34 13 6 9 47 2 5 12 6 7 4 1,760 46 6 191 18 31 1 134 24 7 34 2,363 98 117 70 117 19 16 51 62 73 13 123 8,021 2 395 20 9 1,368 99 154 10 479 138 11 172 151 11,503 1 1 1998 23 168 23 6 3 262 7 3 50 5 11 26 2275 415 34 100 1 118 2 70 8 133 6 19 2 17 51 64 73 1 16 1 8,283 2024 402 23 23 ... . 1,418 169 104 23 165 6 10 519i 22 140; 5 12 3 181 13 11,918 2309 101 120 78 139 21 17 51 04 74 17 10,307 425 23 1,587 127 171 10 541 145 15 194 14,227 Province du Nouveau-Brunswick. 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 3 1 ' 1 4 1 10 2 1 • 3 6 4 4 1 11 .' 3 18 1 'i 9 70 242 20 3 24 1 290 1 3 5 2 "i 3 1 10 70 243 24 4 34 3 291 1 3 5 2 ""i 3 10 73 1 I 1 4 1 10 2 1 248 26 4 1 1 2 i 1 17 1 "i 34 4 5 5 1 294 1 1 i 1 3 4 50 1 32 6 120 3 19 2j 69 1 5 1,043 83 19 2 1,062 85 1,147 '2 8 1 553 222 "19 11 ■ ■' 4 3 1 557 225 i9 11 1 9 1 — - 2 9 11 1 28 o 4 3 .! 3i 9 57(i 236 19j 6 46 2 166 2,479 127 46 2 2,525 129 2,654 264 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table v — Summary convictions and cases subject to trial by jury. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. DISTRICTS JUDICI- AIRES. Summary Convictions. Condamnations sommaires. M. F. To- tals. To- taux. CASES SUBJECT TO TRIAL BY JURY BUT TRIED SUMMARILY BY CONSENT, CAUSES JUSTICIABLES D'UN .JURY MAIS JUGEES SOMMAIREMENT DE CONSENTEMENT. By Police or other Magistrate. Par un Magistrat de Police ou ?iutre. Con- victions Con- damna- tions. Ac- quittals. Ac- quitte- ments. M. F. H. F Totals. Totaux. Lender the Speedy Trials Act. En vertu de I'Acte des proces expeditifs. Con- I Ac- j victions I quittals. i rp .oi- Con- damna- tions. M. If. I h. Acg quitte- ments. Totaux. F. M. F. I H. F. Province of ^ ova Scotia . ^ Annapolis 30 28 1707 197 207 19 11 1034 28 3 87 (53 252 76 .3 79 14 11 1 ■■i27 "12 12 4 30 31 1786 211 308 20 11 1161 28 3 87 75 264 80 3 37 2 10 "4 101 '3 "2 1 29 5 3 "5 1 4 66 7 13 1 2 "27 "ih 9 5 ..._. 12 '2 1 27 9 7 1 Colchester . . . . Cumberland Digby Guysborougb Halifax "i 4 196 1 42 3 1 6 6 16 6 ■■■■--- 1 66 5 1 9 6 18 12 11 95 16 9 24 10 2 1 19 1 King's 10 4 1 14 1 7 .... 3 .... 7 1 1 2 .. . 6 .... 1 1 1 3 3 .... 6 5 128 ""6 5 134 20 l(i 1 36 1 1 114 1 168 12 Totals of Nova Scotia.. | Totaux de la N.-Ecosse / 3965 269 4234 194 17 154 23 348 40 54 12 24 544 5415 85 404 11 217 2 52 555 5632 87 456 32 . . . 457 17 7 55 "3 39 512 "26 8 18 8 25 Eastern Manitoba— Est 7. 1 1 Western Manitoba — Quest. . . 33 3 14 76 2 5 47 598 5 25 13 39 1 1 3 10 1 2 16 49 9 Totals of Manitoba \ Totaux de Manitoba . . / 6448 282 6730 522 20 3^ Cariboo, B.C.— C.-B Victoria, B.C.— C.-B Westminster, B.C.— C.-B.. . . Yale, B.C. -C.-B 1216 385 316 452 87 13 62 314 1.303 398 378 766 185 67 156 85 1 1 2 6 110 8 29 2 i ^ 1 10 295 75 185 87 642 1 10 1 3 6 20 37 13 19 6 75 . . . . 15 11 5 6 37 52... i 24... 1 24... 1 12... Totals of B. Cohmibia. 1 Totaux de la Col. -Brit./ 2369 476 2845 493 10 149 112... Alberta N N N W T 983 780 958 970 554 112 62 15 23 26 1095 842 973 993 580 103 1 41 .... 82 2 82 1 38|.. . 91 43 85 56 84 3 "3 1 2 194 84 167 138 122 4 '5 2 2 Alberta S.— Sud, N.W.T. . . . Assiniboia E E N W T 52 1 23 3 75 4 AssiniboiaW.— 0.. N.W.T. . Saskatchewan, N.W.T 38 15 13 "3 41 28 69 144 Totals of the Territories. . Totaux des Territoires 2482 4245 64 238 2546 4483 202 346 3 4 225 359 I 427 705 9 13 53 105 "i 16 39 4 V k 347 30 5261 377 39 3 42 3 183 81 7590 6 526 UKon 1505 62 465 39 1970 Totals of Canada 1 Totaiix du Canada . . . . f 49566 54827 5312 343 2277 101 STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 265 Tableau v. — Condamnations sommaires et causes justiciables d'uu jury. CASES TRIED BY JURY. , CAUSES JUGEES PAR JURES. TOTALS OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES. TOTAUX DES DELITS •JUSTICIABLES DUN JURY. GRAND TOTALS OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES AND SUM- ■ MARY CONVICTIONS. GRANDS TOTAUX i DES DELITS JUSTICIA.BLES ; D'UN JURY ET DES CON- DAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES. Con- Ac- victions. Iquittals. t rp^iois. Con Ac- damna- quitte- tions. : ments. Totaux. Con- victions. Ac- quittals. Con- Ac- damna- i quitte- tions. ments. Totals. Totaux. M. F H. F. M. F. H. ! F. M. H. Con- victions. Con- damna- tions. Ac- quittals, rj.^^^^^ Ac- quitte- ments. M. F. H. F. Totaux. M. Grand Totals of all ofifen- Grands Totaux de toutes les of- fences. Province de la Nouvelle Ecosse. s 3 .S 3 4 33 .... 9 7 1 '"7 1 1 33; ... . 32 3 33 . ,1 . - - - 3 65 19 16 5 8 148 3 li 6 24 6 ■■3 "i 2 1 22 i 2 1 50 9 7 1 < 1 31 1772 216 313 24 19 1182 31 6 3 82 14 12 3 1 149 35 13 « 1 5 s 2. 9 4 2 1 1 22 12 3 6 3 16 1 "i 7 115 28 23 6 8 10 1 1 2 1 1822 225 320 25 19 1312 33 6 110 70 279 88 89 15 12 3 1 180 1 "12 13 6 1911 240 332 28 20 5 11 5 1301 31 2 1 278 1 53 5 1 3 T:: 27 1 12 2 130 2 7 1 3 6 31 1 1492 34 '>. 2 7 6 103 .... 69 12 110 1 .... 82 1 1 2 3 6 276 82 13 6 292 04 3 3 6 .... 3 3 "17 "i 6 5 169 "7 6 5; . . . . 152! 6 0 3 1 3 29 1 6 4 73 24 9 352 32 17 1 41 1 176 44 237 41 589| 73 4317 301 237 41 4554 342 4896 4 19 4(.... 13! ... 8 32 44 494 "17 11 ... 75 4 551 569! 21 588 5909 85 454 11 234 2 56 11 75 ■17 '4 "3 599| 11 .5984' 238 801 2 471 59 610 6222 87 4 1 4 44 50 4 17 3 67 7 530 27 17.... 588 21 103 7 691 28 7036 303 103 7 7139 310 7449 10 ll 6 3 11 5 — ' 21 6 9 8 44 232| 1 8l! 1 181, 2 94 ^ 1361 9 24!.... 37| 1 13'.... 368 105 218 107 10 1 3 6 20 1448 466 497 546 88 14 64 320 486 136 24 37 13 9 i .... 10 1584 97 490; 14 534i 65 559. 320 1681 504 599 879 20'..... 24 ....' 588 10 210! 10 798 2957 210 3I67I 496 3663 15 6 28 10 12 13 6 14 5 24 43 1 28 12 42 15 17 74 114 .... 118 1 . . . . i 99 1 .... 110 2 .. . 1301 1 .... 651.... .... 1 305 3 .... 1 522 5 104 72 99 64 102 3 3 3 1 2 222 171 209 194 167 4 4 5 1 2 1101 879 1068 1100 619 113 63 17 24 26 104 72 99 61 102 3 3 3 1 2 1205 951 1167 1164 721 116 66 20 25 28 73 255 1321 1017 1187 1189 749 .50 71 265 441 6 12 570 963 9 17 2787 4767 67 243 265 441 6 12 3052 5208 3125 5463 39 3 42 3 81 6 386 33 42 3 428 36 464 392 » 295 16 687 25 7209 414 3037 238 10247 652 56775 5675 3037 238 598] 3 5913 65726 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906 TABLE VI. SHOWING THE NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS AND THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TO EACH CONVICTION BY GROUPS OF OFFENCES, FROM 1899 TO 1905, FOR EACH PROVINCE AND CANADA. TABLEAU VI. INDIQUANT LE NOMBRE DE CONDAMNATIONS ET LE NOMBRE DE PERSONNES POUR CHAQUE CONDAMNATION PAR GROUPES D'OFFENSES, DEPUIS 1896 A 1905, POUR CHAQUE PROVINCE ET LE CANADA. 268 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 INDICTABLE OFFENCES AND SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. Table vr.— Showing the number of convictions and the number of persons to each conviction, from 1896 to 1905, for each province and Canada. YEARS. P. E. Island. IleduP.-E. Nova Scotia. New brunswich. Nouv.-EcossE. Nouv.-Bruxswick. Quebec. ANNEES. Number of convic- tions. Number of persons to each conviction Nombre de con- damna- tions. Nombre ^^ Number personnes c P°"' convic- ^^^^"•^ tions. con- damnation' Number of persons to each conviction Nombre de con- danma- tions. Nombre de personnes pour chaque con- damnation Murder ; attempt at ; manslaughter ; shooting, s tabbing and wounding. 1896 . ... 2 5 12 4 11 15 21 20 1 227,596 5 91,222 3 65,281 109,131 328.386 164,690 82,594 66,474 166,687 66,876 167,695 10 24 24 32 14 12 25 13 23 18 157,068 1897 66,118 1898 1899 1900 1 2 104,826 52,127 38.086 114,489 65,554 41,80" 30,716 21,984 23,129 66, 2-! 9 1 2 4 5 2 5 2 66,799 50,614 116,871 1901 137,761 1902 1903 1904 2 2 51,276 50,993 66,805 129,793 74,116 1905 95,677 Rape and other offences against females. 1896 1 105,979 4 113,798 4 81,601 40 39,267 1897 2 52,700 7 65,159 3 109,131 77 20,608 1898 3 34,942 4 114,258 4 82,096 37 43,328 1899 2 52,127 4 114,489 3 109,793 38 42,622 1900 2 51,842 65,594 65,689 2 165,188 39 49 41,956 1901 33,737 1902 15 23 30,716 20,072 3 4 110,790 83,344 48 44 34,794 1903 38.348 1904 11 42,054 3 111,460 32 53,271 1905 1 101,104 16 28,971 4 83,848 41 42,004 Aggravated assault ; assault on peace officer and assault and battery. 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 43 44 36 43 20 i 35 27 41 24 20 2,465 313 2,396 222 2,912 228 2,424 214 5,184 289 2,946 307 3,799 381 2,488 372 4.226 393 5,055 366 1,454 255 2,055 203 2,005 211 2,140 177 1,589 203 1,498 215 1,209 194 1,241 189 1,177 150 1,267 143 1,280| 1,612! 1,556 :,861 1,627: 1,541 1,713 1.764 2,229 2 345 » 866 885 839, 838' 861 930 922 1,146 1,155 1,065 1,814 1,793 1,911 1,933 1.900 1,777 1,811 1,472 1,476 1,617 Other offences against the person. 1896.. 9 52,989 52 8,754 26 12,554 52 30,205 1897 7 15.057 56 8,145 20 1(;,369 72 22,040 1898 . 7 14,975 50 9,140 30 10,946 81 19,792 1899. 4 26,063 41 11,170 31 10,625 66 24,540 1900 39 48 57 73 11,766 9,579 8,083 6.324 25 S 7 13,211 15.780 13 '294 47,625 79 111 101 171 20,713 1901 . . . 14,893 1902 3 6 34,184 16,998 16,536 1903 9,867 1904 5 20,284 69 6,704 30 11,146 148 11,518 1905 1 101,104 61 7,599 16 20,962 104 16,559 S T A T I S T I Q U E C R 1 31 T N E L L E — 1 9 0 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 269 DELITS JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY ET CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES. Tableau vi. — Indiquant le nombre de condamnations et le nombre de personnes pour chaque condamna- tioD, depuis? 1896 a 1905, pour chaque province et le Canada. OXTAKIO. British Columbia. Manitoba. — Col. -Britannique . The Territories, Yukon, Les Territoires. Canada. YEARS Number of convic- tions. Number of persons to each conviction Nom- bre de eon- dam- na- tions. Nombre tr^ Number cCie r- condam- *'°"^- nation. Number of persons to each conviction Nombre de con- damna- tions. Nombre de personnes pour chaque con- damnation Num- ber of con- vic- •tions. Number of persons to each con- viction. ANNEES Meurtre ; tentative de meurtre ; homicide non premedite ; usage d'armes avec intention crin.inelle. 71 30,273 31,260 6 1 32.695 207,308 5 3 26,895 47,591 99 110 51,374 46,741 1896 69 5 22,982 1897 54 40,071 1 219,079 12 12.632 8 15,665 113 46,011 .... 1898 58 37,427 6 38,586 11 14,449 3 45,555 118 ■ 44,571 1899 82 26,565 « 40,778 9 18,918 10 14,904 132 41,078 ... 1900 80 27,308 o 86.189 13 13,955 9 18,060 128 42,093 1901 47 46,632 4 68,378 15 12,840 4 44,314 117 46,640 ... 1902 73 30,119 2 144,551 11 18,590 9 21,478 133 41,.570 1903 69 31,967 8 38,215 21 10,324 5 42,162 151 37,115 1904 66 33,527 22 15,000 12 20,833 10 36,000 137 42,153 1905 Viol et autres outrages contre la femme. 28,668 5 38,517 10 34,347 4 33.397 1 34,5';7 ( 37,666 5 34,245 4 22,903 11 33,420 15 24,586 11 39,234 3 20,730 3 54,769 3 231,519 7 34.952 7 51,713 8 68,378 5 26.282 10 20,381 8 33,000 '''j 44,826! 47,591 50,527 22,991 24,324 22,676 38,521 20.449. 27,138' 14,706 4' 5 5 10 7 5 10 13 19 13 26,342 136 22,982 163 25.063 123 13,666 130 21,291 134 32,507 1.S2 17,725 149 14,870 201 11,100 154 27,692 193 37,398 .. . 1896 31.543 1897 42,254 1898 40,4.57 1899 39,719 1900 40,818 1901 36,624 . .. 1902 27,506 1903 36,392 1904 29,922 . .. .1905 367 333 325 297 310 311 319 299 531 334 Voies de fait graves ; sur un officier de la paix et agression avec voies de fait. 1,954 1,100 70 2,802 136 988 137 770 3,774 1,347 1896 1,949 1,108 61 3,398 149 958 107 1,078 3,620 1,420 1897 2,072 1,044 52 4,213 186 815 184 681 3,808 1,365 .,..1898 1,855 1,170 70 3,307 169 952 119 1,165 3.485 1.509 . .. 1899 1,996 1,091 95 2,575 182 935 181 830 3,827 1,391 1900 1,962 1,113 98 2,638 147 1,234 197 840, 3,891 1,385 1901 1,860 1,178 106 2,580 208 926 232 764 3,930 1,389 1902 2,003 1,097 139 2,080 173 1,182 457 423 4,520, 1,223 1903 2,107 1,047 249 1,228 163 1,332 490 425 4,737 1,183 1904 2,053 1,078 312 1.0.57 1 1.55 1,013 612 588! 1 4,726! 1,122 1905 Autres outrages contre la personne. 5,858 7 6,477 9 6,658 10 7,309 17! 7,025 15 7,024 18 6.870 27 7,360 29 4,156 33 6,625 48| 1 27,881 16 23,034 16 21,907 32 13,619 21 16,311 21 14,364 18 10,167 23 9,969 25 9,262 12 6,875 19 8.405 13 8,923 12 4,737 15 7,664 16 8,108 16 10,080 20, 8,374 22 8,180 22 18,092 49 13,158 38 8,105 9,576 535 525 8,355 550 8,541 493 9,315 505 8,276 547 8,057 577 8,786 632 4,302 877 9,474 621 9,506l 9,7931 9,4o3 10,6(>8 10,539 9,850j 9,457 8,748 6,390! 9.299J 1896 .1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 .1902 1903 1904 .1905 270 CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 . 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 -Showing the number of convictions and the number of persons to each conviction, from 1896 to 1905. Table vi. YEARS. P. E. Island. Nova Scotia. | New Brunswick. Ile du P.-E. Nouv . -Ecosse. !Nouv. -Brunswick. Quebec. ANNIES. Number of convic- tions. N"^f ^'^ Nombre P^l^^""^ con- each <^,^™"*- conviction *^°"^- Nombre personnes 1 Number damnation i Number of persons to each conviction Nombre de con- damna- tions. Nombre de personnes pour chaque con- damnation Robbery with violence ; burglary ; house, shop, warehouse and freight car robbery. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900 1901. 1902. 1903 1904. 1905. 17,663 26,350 20,965 34,561 103,118 17,092 50,552 28,449 •3 41,464 1 32,645 4 50.884 8 18,355 1 12,427 7 12,452 2 7,S25 6 11,.565 11 20,1.53 9 108,802 94 327,394 111 82,096 169 41,172 157 330,376 164 47,339 148 166,185 159 55, .562 159 30,398 147 37,266 225 16,709 14,296 9,486 10,316 9,977 11,170 10,504 10,612 11,596 7,654 Arson ; malicious injury to horse.**, cattle, and other damage to property. 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 8,332 44 8,108 38 11,647 32 20,851 41 9,426 50 03,118 53 25,638 71 20,397 81' 14,569 821 25,276 79 10,345 34 12,003 25 14,282 27 11,170 29 9,177 32 8,676 30 6,489 39 .■),6'.I9 24 5,641 22 5,867 13 9,603 196 13.095 202 12,162 231 11,359 196 10,324 186 11,046 189 8,522 188 13,891 262i 15,199 239 2.5,799 231 ; 8,014 7,855 6,940 8,262 8,797 8,747 8,883 6,440 7,132 7,445 Larceny ; larceny from dwelling house, from the person, of letters and of horses and cattle. 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 7,065 125 3,513 121 6,166 125 17,376 138 6,099 149 10,311 152 7,325 182 10,198 158 25,496 165 9,191 186 3,641 65 3,753 55 3,656 59 3,318 74 3,080 84 3,025 65 2,.531 84 2,922 72 2,803 60 4,492 69 5,022 882 5,953 1,008 5,566 980 4,451 1,087 3,933 924 5,099 916 3,957 778 5,630 944 5,573 985 4,861 1,053 1,781 1,574 1,636 1,490 1,771 1,805 2,147 1,787 1,731 1,635 Other offences against property. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901 . 1902 1903. 1904. 1905. 104,254 102,552 ibi.ioi 75,865 1 4.56,112 65,290 (i 3 65,422 65,5.54 76,634 65,819 2 3 4 46,166 1 20,113 ,38,628 3 1 326,405 47 54,566 91 109,462 63 164,690 73 110,125 45 82,842 46 44 333,375 8() 111,460 73 335,391 95 33,418 17,438 25.447 22,187 36,362 35,938 37,957 19,620 23,351 18,022 STATIST IQUE CRI^IINEI.LE— 190 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 271 Tableau vi. — Indiquant le nombre de condamnations et le nombre de personner pour chaque condamna- tion depuis 18«)6 a 1U05. Ontario. Manitoba. British Columbia. Col. -Britannique . The Territoires, Yukon, Les Territoires. Canada. YEARS. Num- ,ber of con- vic- tions. Number of persons to each con- victions. Nom- bre de con- damna- tions. Nombre de personnes pour chaque condam- nation. Number of convic- tions. Number of persons to each conviction Nombre de con- damna- tions. Nombre de personnes pour chaque con- damnation Number of convic- tions. Number of persons to each conviction ANNEES. Vol avec violence et effraction ; bris de maison, magasin, entrepdts et wagons. 266 8,083 7 28,024 12 11,206 4 26,342 408 12,467 1896 274 7,872 27 7,678 41 3,482 6 19,152 475 10,824 1897 280 7.728 25 8,763 37 4,097 6 20,886 540 9,626 1898 210 10,337 26 8,904 25 6,437 9 1.3,185 444 11,846 1899 178 12,234 16 1.5,292 17 10,015 9 16,560 413 12,911 1900 202 10,815 16 16,160 23 7,888 17 9,561 451 11,947 1901 157 13,960 18 15,195 22 8,754 12 14,755 413 13,213 1902 2i(; 10,180 53 5,455 35 5,842 17 11,371 545 10.145 . . . 1903 286 7,712 22 13,896 28 7.754 18 11,712 .552 10,1.53 1904 307 7,207 .54 6,111 23 10,434 13 37,692 656 8,803 1905 Incendie criminel ; dommages malicieux aux chevaux, bestiaux et autres dommages a la propriete. 298 341 348 371 1 3791 317i 446 410 431 333 7,215 1 12 6,.325 31 6,218 8: .5,851 18! 5,746 19 6,891 21 4,914 32 5,362 33 5,118 59 6,645 75 l(i,348 1 12 6,687 29 27,325 35 12,862 35 12.877 39 12,312 60 8,547 31 8,761 27 5,182 .32 4,400 50 11,206 23 4,927 17 4,332 29 4,598 30 4,366 26 .3,023 49 6,213 36 7,573 109 6,785 98 5,000 117 4,581 631 6,760 696 4,321 719 4,555 725 5,732 742 3,317 720 4.918 847; 1,773 !).5ll 2,151 9701 3,078 902 1 1 8,060 7,387 7,231 7,2.55 7,174 7,483 6,442 5,813 5,778 6,402 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Larcin ; vol dans des maisons habitees, sur la personne, vol de lettres, chevaux et bestiaux. 1,813 1,819 1,889 1,722 1,779 1,821 1,804 1,760 1,777, 2,003! 1,186 113 1,186 154 1,145 139 1,261 168 1,224 194 1,199 141 1,215 140 1,249 236 1,241 325 1,104 387 1 736 142 34<> 98 576 217 37.S 183 261 197 834 222 953 203 225 218 941 204 852 187 1 947 981 1,457 122| 699 172| 879 158 8()4 178 817 144 948 232 938 261 1,064 445 1,336 541 ,074 3,253 942 3,407 728 3,o98| 865 3,536 837 3,522 ,129 3,471 764 3,437 740 3,648 473 3,965| 665 4,437j 1,.532 1..509 1,445 1,487 1,511 1,552 1,584 1,515 1,413 1,301 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Autres delits contra la propriete. 1.34 163 149 126 180 123 132 146 163 143 16,045 6 13,233 18 14,522 12 17,228 12 12,098 21 17,761 7 16,603 31 15,060 20 13,532 20 15,474 23 32,695 15 11,517 .38 18,256 35 19,293 33 11,651 30 36,938 47 8,823 23 14,4.55 55 15,286 32 14,348 25 8,965 11 3,757 11 4,331 8 4,877 26 5,675 21 3,860 17 8,374 19 3,718 28 6,785 46' 0,000 65! 1 9,580 220 0,446 328 5,665 277 5.266 280 7,099 .307 9..561 2.50 9,329 257 6,904 3.57 4,584 5,.5.38 360 365 1 23,119 15,675 18,769 18,784 17, .337 21,5.52 21,233 15,487 1.5, .570 15,821 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table vi. — Showing the number of convictions and the number of persons to each conviction, from 1896 to 1905. YEARS. P. E. Island. Ile du P.-E. Nova Scotia. New Bkinswick. Nouv.-EcossE. Nouv. -Brunswick. Quebec. ANNEES. Number of convic- tions. Number of persons to each conviction Nombre de con- damna- tions. Nombre personnes ^""/^^^' ilTL convic- chaque ^-^^^^^ con- damnation Number of persons to each conviction Nombre de con- damna- tions. Nombre de personnel pour chaque con- damnation Breaches of various municipal acts and other laws. 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 88 149 78; 41 1 32 44 53 79 90 122; 1,204 565 707 497 1,344 482 2,543 382 3,240 399 2,344 472 1,952 596 1.291 807 1,133 644 828 828 805 514 837 443 948 492 1,199 465 1,150 442 974 471 773 430 572 438 719 511 559 419 635 1,369 739 1,459 667 1,312 708 1,895 748 1,710 704 1,778 773 1,943 761 1,715 654 1,943 80o 2,605; Drunkenness and other offences against vagrancy Act. 1,147 1,088 1,222 855 9.56 930 859 925 877 661 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 138 311 303 347 342 247 249 295 315 204 746 2,181 3X9 1,707 346 1,720 300 1,405 303 1,598 418 1,870 412 2,494 346 3,280 324 2,783 495 3,018 208 1,386 267 1,511 265 1,518 326 1,469 287 1,512 246 1,475 186 1,588 141 1,678 166 1,944, 153 1,927 236 7,155 217 6,610 216 6,261 224 5,839 218 5,840 225 5,150 209 5.099 199 5,343 172 6,618 174 8,281 219 240 256 277 280 321 327 316 259 208 Other felonies and misdemeanours 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 105,401 104,826 104,254 51,842 102,552 25,496 50,552 35,013 4 41,464 4 76.172 5 32,711 1 18,355 3 32,843 4 20,942 8 20,985 12 20,113 ( 21.069 3 81,601 26, 81,848 69 65,677 29i 329,380 54 1 110,125 55 82,842 55 41,546 39 27,781 61 47,769 37 111,797 60 60,411 22,998 55,316 29,993 29,751 30,057 42,824 23,765 46,072 28,703 Total convictions. 1896.. 1897.. 1898.. 1899. . 1900.. 1901.. 1902.. 1903.. 1904.. 1905.. 305 561 460 452 429 338 360 438 449 368 347 3,321 188 2,676 228 2,680 231 2,259 242 2,595 314 2,977 285 3,877 233 4,906 227 4,253: 2Vo 4,618 137 2,297 170 2,274 170 2,354 203 2,261 177 2,311 1.55 2,292 119 2,378 94 2,433 109 2,746 100 2,606 142 10,737 144 10,608 139 10,026 146 10,275 143 9,917^ 144 9,384! 140 9,346 137 9,944 122 11,400 128 13,778 146 149 159 157 165 176 179 169 150 122 S T A T I S T I Q U E C R I M I X E L L E— 1 9 0 5. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 273 Tablkau VI. — Indiquant le nombre de condamnations et le nonibre de personnes pour chaque condamna- tion, depuis 1896 a 1905. Ontario. Number of con vie tions. Number of persons to each conviction IManitoba. I British Colcmbia. I Col.-Britannique. Xom- bre de eon- dam- na- tions. Nombre de per- sonnes pour chaque condam- nation . Number of convic- tions. Number of persons to each conviction The Territories, Yukon, Les Territoires. Canada. Nombre Nombre de de personnes ^ ~y con- pour ' damna- j chaque tions. con- damnation Num- Number ber , of persons con- to each vie- con- tions. viction. YEARS. ANNEES. Diverges contraventions aux lois municipales et autres lois. 5,425 396 305 643 228 589 334 315 8,828 577 1896 5,418 398 302 686 451 316 666 172 9,389 548 1897 5,056 428 289 758 520 291 552 227 8,795 591 1898 5,274 411 253 915 596 270 1,242 110 10,151 518 1899 5,729 397 326 750 732 232 1,821 82 11,214 474 1900 ■ 5.851 373 813 317 931 195 972 1(37 11,394 473 1901 6, .526 351 628 435 979 197 673 263 11,847 460 1902 7,221 304 696 415 924 321 1,158 167 13,054 424 1903 7,132 309 1,418 215 607 357 1,238 170 13,607 412 1904 7,793 284 1,999 165 868 288 1,5.52 232 16,186 356 1905 Ivresse et autres delits centre le vagabondage. 6,357 6,442 6,453 6,674 7,597 8,173 8,035 9,645 10,124 11,569 338 791 335 853 335 775 325 911 287 982 267 1,086 272 1,269 228 1,816 217 3.183 191 4,348 248 ! 777 243 954! 282 1,353 254 1,273 250 1,743 238 1,6861 216 1,971 159 2,098, 96 2,114 76 2,059: 173 404 149 616 112 1.066 126 1.191 98 l,003i 108 1,277; 98 1,0.51! 97 1,905 102 2,184 121 2,410 1 261 187 117 115 148 127 169 101 97 149 19,179 19,001 19.444 19.109 20,603 20,909 21,755 26,048 29,244 33,816 265 271 267 275 258 258 251 212 192 178 ..1896 ...1897 ...1898 ...1899 ..1900 ..1901 ..1902 ...1903 ...1904 ..1905 Divers autres delits. 132 142 122 1.31 126 139 72 127 131 179 16,288 7 15,190 12 17,736 13 16.571 1 17,283 11 15,718 12 30,440 13 17,312 28 16,838 47 12,362 59 28,024 1 16 17,276 17 16,8.52 43 33,074 9 22,242 17 21,547 16 21,040 27 10.325 16 6,505 27, 2,592 "1 8,405 7 8,399 10 3,525 2h 17,882 24 10,015 24 11,334 22 7.134 43 12,780 ■ 52 8,041 56 8,929 58 15,0.53 215 11,491 265 4,475 239 5,694 238 6,210 254 7,206 255 4.122 207 3,717 314 3,765 329 6.207 411 23,656 19.402 21,754 22,099 21,348 21,129 26,362 17,608 17,034 14,051 .1896 ..1897 ..1898 ..1899 ..1900 ..1901 ..1902 ..1903 ..1904 ..1905 Total des condamnations. 16.892 17.006 16,811 16,783 18,419 19,037 19,462 21,996 22,817 24,870 127 1 1,329 127 1,478 128 1,328 129 1,489 118 1,692 115 2,220 113 2,272 100 3,063 97 5,379 89 7,338 147 1,362 140 1,799 165 2,473 155 2,362 144 2,994 117 3,171 120 3,507 94 3,592 57 3,248 45 3,443 98 1 1,035 79 l,o77| 61 2,074, 68 2,828, 57 3,296 57 2,729 55 2,334 57 4,031 67 4,654! 73 5,429 1 102 37,278 136 73 37,979 135 60 38,206 146, 49 38.709 135 45 41.653 1281 59 42,148 128 1 75 43.536 125 48 50,403 110 45 54,946 102 66 62,450 92 ..1896 .1897 ..1898 ..1899 ..1900 ..1901 ..1902 ..1903 -.1904 ..1905 -18 5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906 TABLE YIL PARDo:^s atnd commutation's. TABLEAU VII. PARDONS ET COMMUTATIONS. 17— 18i 276 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following prisons. {Province of Ontario.) Provincial Penitentiary — Kingston. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date of Sentence j Pardon or or Commit- Commuta- tal. tion. Conditions upon which Pardon or Commutation was granted. Age and Sex MF what Court tried. Arson . Assault and wounding with intent. Assault with intent Attempt at rape and es- cape from jail. Attempt to have carnal knowledge of g^rl under 14 5'ears and assavilt. Burglary Life. b yrs, 4 „ 4 „ 4 M 3 M II and theft.. 1, shooting highway robbery. and Cattle stealing Causing an explosion and endangering life. Defiling cliild under 14 years. Forgery Forging Dominion notes Grievous bodily harm on children and assault. Having explosive in his possession. Horse stealing Housebreaking ^-..iB=. " & larceny, Incest Manslaughter Perjury Rape 3 „ 4 >t 6Life. 10 yrs. Dec. 31, ■Jan. 15, Nov. 25, Sept. 9, Oct. 29, May 6, '03 Sept. 30, '01 Nov. 12, '01 Feb. 2S,'n3 Dec. 22, '02 ,. 29, '02 Jan. 27, '04 Oct. 23, '01 Dec. 22, "04 Sept.27,05 June20,'05 Sept 27, '05 July"l4,'05 June20,'05 Dec. 22, "04 1* ,. 22,'04'* Feb. 22,'05[ . Junell,'05! . Nov. 1404 '■ Feb. 22, "05 M 14, '05 Apr. 14, '02 May 24, '05 Mar. 19, '04 Nov. 18, '02 Dec. 22, '04 July 14, '05 Apr. 17, '96 'Apr. 28, '05 Oct. 19,'98 Sept.27,'05 3 M 2i.. 10 „ 5 M d9 „ 7 .. 7 .. 3 ., 3 .. 3 .. 3 .. 3 ,. 15 yrs. ( redu- ced tol 10 yrs) I Jan. 13, June 1, Nov. 10, Jan. 16. Nov. 1 Sept 10, May"29 Dec. 30. Oct. 5, July 2, Apr.ir., Nov. 23 Junel6, Nov. 26, Sept. 8, '00 Apr. 12, '01 July 31, '03 Sept.27, '05 Feb. 1, '97 July 31, 02 Jan. 18, 00 Mai . 4, '00 July 19, ^01 :May 20, '03 Feb. 8, '03 Sept.27, '04 Jan. 9, '04 July 31, '04 Mar. 15, '98 .. 10, '05* 'Oo|* '05 r '05'* '05 !* '05i* '05-' "05* '05 . '05i* '05 e* '05* 05 . '05* 44 County, Sarnia. M Brock ville. King's Bench, Winnipeg. Police, Toronto. Assize, Parry Sound. I Police II . . County, Sarnia. . . Police, Sudbury. . .1 King's Bench, Montreal. .. tPolice, Chatham. . . ! ■■ Owen Sound. . .'Count}', Berlin. . ' II London. .Assize, Cornwall. . County, St. Catherines. M Toronto. .:Po'ice M 59 Assize, Ottawa. II Guelph. 49 . .1 II Toronto. 27 . . Countj-, Stratford. 36 . . Police; Delhi. 19 . . II Toronto. 51 . II Kingston. 30i . . 11 Peterborough. 47! . . Sessions, Gore Bay. 51 ■ ■ County, Guelph. 58 . . ! Sessions, Toronto. 29 . . Police, London. 78 . . I Assize, Perth. 20' King's Bench, ^Montreal. 65 . . Sessions, Cavuga. ..;35Sup., Macleod, N.W.T. 30|. Assize, Stratford. a Sentence reduced to 5 years prior to his liberty on T. of L., prisoner not to reside in any part of the counties of Stormont, Dunda"s and Glengary, during continuance of his license, b. Life sentence reduced to 15 years prior to his jiardon. r. Prisoner to reside on his father's farm and to keep out rf the cities of Canada, d. And 50 lashes, e. Upon condition that prisoner be received at a convent in Montreal to be detained therein for the remainder of her sentence, her T. of L. standing for cancellation in case of diso- bedience of orders or breach of discipline. * Released on ticket of leave. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 277 Tableau YII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a etc exerce durant Tannee finissant le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. (Province cVOntario. Penitencier provincial — Kingston . CRIME. Sen- tence. Date de Sentence ou Pardon ou empnson- 1 commuta- nement. ! tion. Conditions sur I et lesquelles le pardon sexe ou commutation a I ete^ accoi'de. i HF Par quelle cour mis en jugement. Incendie criminel. . . Voies fait et blessures avec intention. Voies avec intention .... Viol, tentative de, et tentative d"evasion. Tentative de comu'.erce charnel avec une fills audessous de 14 ans, et voies de fait. Effraction de nuit. ... A vie. |31 dec 15 Jan. 25 nov. o ans 4 .. '88 22 dec. '041 . '03 27 sept. '05* '03 20juin "05* 11 II et vol. 11 11 usage d'armes et vol de grands chemins. Vol de bestiaux Causant une explosion et mett. la vie en danger. Souiller un enfant au- dessous 14 ans. Faux Forgeant des billets de b. du Dom. Voies de fait graves et lesions corporelles sur des enfants. Ayant des matieres ex- plosives en sa posses- sion. Vol de chevaux Bris de maison II et larcin . . Inceste '. . . . Homicide non premedite. Parjure Viol . .'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'." 4 I. 4 .1 3 ,1 7 .. 5 II 4 I. 3 11 6 I. 9 sept. 29 Oct. 6mai '03 20 '05!. 30 sept. '12 nov. 28 fev. -22 dec. ,29 1. '03 22 dee. '05 '0122 11 '04* '03 22 fev. 05 . . '02 11 juin '05i '02 14 nov. '04 * 3 1. 27 Jan. al I. 23 oct. 6 II 14 avril '02 3 II 19 mars 4 .. 18 nov. '04 22 fev. '05 14 I, '05 24 mai '05 22 dec. '04 '0214juil. '05 b a vie 17 avril '9f>!28 avril '05 10 ans 3 I, ;i „ 10 1, 5 11 d9 11 7 11 7 .1 3 II 3 1, 3 ,1 3 II 3 „ 15 ans (redni- tea 10 ans). 13 Jan. 1 juin 10 nov. 16 Jan. 4 nov. 10 sept. 29 mai 30 dec. 5 Oct. 2 juil. 16 avril 23 nov. 16 juin 26 nov. 8 sept. 0012 01 '31 '03127 05, 1 97 31 02il8 OOi 4 03 27 '04 9 04 31 04 15 0510 avril juil. sept. fev. juil. Jan. mars juil. mai fev, sept. Jan. juil. mars .;65 .137 .140 '02127 fcept. '051* 28 '03!l4 juil. '05* '30 28 Comte, Sarnia. I II Brockville. Banc du Roi, Winnipeg. Police, Toronto. Assises, Parry Sound. Police 11 jComte, Sarnia. 321 . . Police, Sudbury. Banc du Roi, Montreal. . . 1 Police, Chatham. Owen Sound. . Comte, Berlin. II London. . . Assises, Cornwall. 1 Comte, Ste Catherines. II Toronto. 19 oct. '98 27 sept. '05 c* 44 59 Police 11 Assises, Ottawa. 20 (;5 Guelph. II Toronto. Comte, Stratford. Police, Delhi. II Toronto. 11 Kingston. II Peterborough. Sessions, Gore Baj'. Comte, Guelph. Sessions, Toronto. Police, London. Assises, Perth. Banc du Roi, MontreaL Sessions, Cavuga. 35'Sup., Macleod, T.X.-O. 30) . . Assises, Stratford. a Sentence reduite a cinq ans avant d'etre libere sur parole, le prisonnier ne devant pas habiter dans les comtes de Stormont, Dundas et Glengarj' durant la continuation de sa license, h Sentence a vie reduite a 15 ans avant son pardon, c Le pri.onnier devant habiter sur la ferme de son jjere et eviter les villes du Canada, d Et 5 6 mos 24 aout '05 22 sept. '05 a Police, Ottawa. II Tilsonburc (Province d'Ontario.) Ecole industrielle — Mimico. Effraction de nuit et vol. 2 ans . 24 sept. '04 18 mai '05, ; .... 15 . . Comte, Cayuga. (Province d'Ontario.) Prison centrale— Toronto. Acceptant la corruption, lan.et 19 mars '04 16 fev. '05 c . I 364J.1 I I Agress. avec voies de fait 6 mos 20 nov. '04ll0 mars '05 * Attentat a la pudeur ... 1 an. . 15 aoftt '04 16 oct. '04 '' Voies de fait causant des 14 mos 29 sept . '04 30 mars '05 * blessures corporelles. Voies de fait sur un offi- 18 cier de la paix. .... 16 .. _ .. ..116 Tentative et mettant en 15 circulation de faux bil-| lets de banque. ; Bigamie 1 an. . Effraction et vol 1 .. . Ivresse et desordre 18 mos ....;3 I. . . 24 avril '04j24 avril '05 * . 29 sept. '04^24 .. '05* . 29 .1 '04 30 mars '05 * . 23 nov. '041 6 juil. 05 3 fev. '05 22 juin '05 8 juin '0411 avril'OS 4 I, '04 28 mars '05 4 juil. '05 22 sept . '05 Sessions, Toronto. Police, Chatham. Assises, Ottawa. j Comte Police, Toronto. I II Chatham. I. Toronto. I. Barrie. , a Liberee a condition qu'elle rejoigne son mari immediatement a Moosejaw. h A condition qu'elle soit envoyee a la maison de refugee du comte d'Oxford jusqu'a ce qu'elle puisse entrer dans une institution de charite. c Le prisonnier devant etre libere aussit5t apres I'expiration 6'\m an d'emprisonnement. ^ Libere sur parole. 280 CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed ta the following prisons. (Province of Ontario.) Central Prison — Toronto — Concluded. CRIMP]. Sen- tence. Date of Sentence i Pardon or j or Commit- Commuta tal. tion . Conditions upon which Pardon or Commutation was granted. Age and Sex. M By what Court tried. Extortion 9 mos, Forgerv i) u . " ' 6 „ . Horse steal'g ancUarcenj' 23 .i . Interfering with ijolice. . IS h . Keepingcommon gaming d house. Larceny Non support.. Perjury Posting immoral letter . d .. 6 ni 6 .. lyr. 1 ,. Rape, attempted 1 .. . . Receiving 1 m & 364 d. Shopbreaking and theft. 1 yr. . II and larceny H n . . Shopbreaking and theft. 1 yr.. Stealing G mos 6 .. 6 I. Theft 2 yrs. less Id II ... :23mos 123 11 !l8 I, ' ■ 1 yr.. > 1 II 13 mos 6 II (> I. 4 M 4 II 6 ., U I. 6 I, 6 I. (i II 6 I. 6 ,1 1 yr.. Vagrancy Wounding., Mar.l8,"05!Sept.i8,"05 * •Tan. 2t/05 June22,'0.5 * .Mar. 1(5/05 n 20, '05,'' Jan. 27, '04 Apr. 14, 05;^ Sept.29,'04 May 18, '05 * May 20, '05 July 3,'05J I I- 20, '05 ,1 3, '05 Jan. 21, '05 u 6, '05 .1 21, '05 .A. pr. 19, "05 Junel3, 04 Mar. 10, "05 * Nov. 30, ■04iMay 20, '05 * |6« M 11. Aug. 8, May 5, July 23, Oct. 21, July 14, Feb. 2.3, Mar. 25. May 3, Aug. 14, Mar. 4, Dec. 28, Sept. 8, Nov. 21, JunelS, Aug. 17, Mar.lG, Apr. 1, 11 1, July 29, ,1 28, Nov. 30, Dec. 21. Feb. 23, May 30, II 30, July 14,^ Mar. 10, '05 Mar. 28, 05* '04 Feb. 2, '05 * 43 04 Junel0,'O5 16' 04 Apr. 3, '05 * 19 Dec. 24, '04* 18 Mar.24,'05« 19 May. 8, '05* 27, 04 Mar.28,'05 * 24 Jan. 16. '05 * Sept.27,'05* 04 July 6, '05* '04iJune22,'05* 04 1 July 6, "05 .. 04 Mar. 21, '05 * Dec. 22, '04 May 20, '05 June 3, "05 I, 3, '05, Dec. 22, "041 Nov. 23, '04 Apr.ll,'05 Mar.24,05 Jul V 24, "05 I, 31, '05 ,1 31, '051 Jan. 21,'05 ■ County, London. H Hamilton. II Welland. Police, Ni.gara Falls . jAssize, Ottawa. . .Sessions, Toronto. Police, Kingston, II Hamilton. II Chatham. II Normandy. Assize, Stratford. Police, St. Thomas. j II Gait. I II St. Thomas. County. Hamilton. Police, Ottawa. II Parry Sound. II Barrie. County. Hamilton. Police, Gait. County, Bracebridge. Police, Rainy River. II FortWilliani. II Ottawa. II London. II Woodstock. II Beanisville. It Toronto. It Hamilton. Barrie. J. P"s., North Bay. County, London. {Province of Ontario. Common Jails. Barr'c jail — Drunk and disorderly. Belleville jail — Assault 6 mos 4 .1 July 4, "05 'Aug. 26, 05 Sept.l2,"04jNov.22,'04| 45 42 Police, Barrie. I, Belleville. « To be released on ticket of leave when he shall have served two months. d. Three months and SoO fine, or three months more in defanlt of payment. * Released on ticket of leave STATISTIQUE C R I M TX ELL E— 1 9 05. 281 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant Fannee finissant le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. (Province cVOntario. Prison centrale — Toronto — Fin. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date dk Sentence Pardon ou on emprison- commuta- nement. tion. Conditions siir lesqucUes le pardon ou cotnmutation a ete accorde. Age et sexe. HF Par quelle cour mis en jugcment. Extorsion 9 mos. 18 mars '05 18 sept. "05 Faux 9 M 6 Vol de chevaux et larcin 23 Entravant un ofBcier de 18 paix. Tenant unemaisonde jeu (i . Larcin Refus de support. Parjure Mettant a la poste une lettre immorale. Viol, tentativ^e de Recel Bris de magasin et vol . . M M lariin. Bris de magasin et vol . . Vol Vagabondage Blessures d 6 mos 6 M . 1 an. . 1 „ . 1 M . 1 i.et 364 j. 1 an.. 1 M . 1 an. 6 mos G „ 6 .. Ian et 304 j. 23 mos 23 M 18 M 1 an. 1 n 13 mos 6 .. 6 „ 4 M 4 H 6 ,. 6 „ 0 M 6 M 6 ,> 6 n 0 " 1 an. 24 juin '05 22 juin '05 * 16 mars '05:20 „ '05,* 27 janv.'04il4 avril 'OS]* 29 sept. '041 18 mai '051* 20 mai '05 3 juil. '05 20 M 21 janv. 21 ., 13 juin 30 nov. 11 .- 8 aovlt 5 mai 23 juil. 21 oct. 14 juil. 23 fev. 25 mars 3 mai 14 aolit 4 mars 28 dec. 8 sept. 21 nov. 18 juin 17 a(jat 16 mars 1 avril 1 H 29 juil. 28 „ 30 nov. 21 dec. ■ 23 fev. 30 mai 30 .. '■ 14 juil. 3 „ '05 . . 6 M '05!.. 19 avril 05' . . 04 10 mars '05* 04120 mai '05* '04 10 mars '05 j . '0428 ., '05|* '041 2 fev. '05* '04 10 juin '05 . '04 3avrir05* "04 24 dec. '04 * '05I24 mars'05|a '05 8 mai '05* '04 28 mars '05* 03(16 janv. 04 27 sept. '041 6 juil. 04 22 juin 04 6 juil. 04 21 mars Oi 22 dec. 05 20 mai 05 3 juin 05 3 M 04 22 dec. 04 23 nov. 04 11 avril 04 24 mars 05124 juil. 05.31 M 05 31 „ 04 21 janv '05* '05 i* '05* "05* '05t . . •05* '04* "05* '05* '05* '04| . . '04 .. '05* . . '05 . . "05 .. "05 . 'O5I . . '051* Comte, London. 11 Hauiilton. 11 Welland. Police, Niagara Falls Assises, Ottawa. Ses.sions, Toronto. Police, Kingston. 11 Hamilton. 11 Chatham. 11 Normandy. Assises, Stratford. Police, St. Thomas 11 Gait. 1. St. Thomas Comte, Hamilton. Police, Ottawa. .1 Parry Sound. M Barrie. Comte, Hamilton. Police, Gait. Comte, Bracebridge. [Police, Rainy River. j M Fort William. M Ottawa. I .. London. M Woodstock. 11 Beamsville. 1. Toronto. 11 Hamilton. M Barrie. J. de P., North Bay. Comte, London. (Province d'Ontario. ) Prison* communes. Prison de Barrie — Ivresse et desordre . . . Prison de Belleville — Voies de fait 6 mos 4 „ 4 juil. '05 12 sept. '04 26 aoi\t '05 22 nov. '04 45 42 Police, Barrie. Belleville a Pour etre libere sur parole apres deux mois de detention. d Trois mois et S50 d 'amende, ou trois de plus k defaut de paiement. * Libere sur parole. 282 CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following prisons. (Province of Ontario.) Common jails— Continued. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date of Sentence or Commit- tal. Pardon Commuta- tion. Conditions uix)n which Pardon or Commutation was granted. Age and Sex. M; F By what Court tried. BrorkviUe jail- Vagrancy . . . Goderich jail — Theft as a servant .... Hamilton Ja il — Aggravated assault . . Praud North Bai) jail — Theft ■ Ottawa jail — Assault and wounding. ir causing actual bodily harm. Attempted indecent assault. Grievous assault .... Theft GOdys 40 „ .30 .. 6mos 6 .r 4 „ Apr. 26, '05 1 M 26, '05 „ 26, '05 June 9, '05 „ 9, '05 Mar. 28, '05 May 3, '05 June25,'04 1 yr 3mos'May 1,'05 3 ., t. 4,05 8 t, Aug. 19, '04 Vagrancy Parry Sound jail — Obtaining money un- der false pretences. Theft.. Pembroke jail — Assault Perth jail — Vagrancy •June 3, '05 >- 3, '05 ,. 3, '05 July 19, '05 „ 19, '05 June29,'05 May 30, '05 Mar. 4, '05 May 30, '05 July 6, '05 Oct. 16, '04 3 .. May 5,'05 Junell,'05 4 „ „ 5, 6mos June 27, 3 M Jan. 4. 3 M Mar. 17, Mar. 4, June28, "05 Jul V 15, '05 '05 July 31, '05 '05 Feb. 15, '05 '05 j Mar. 25, '05 '05|Apr.27,'C5 '04 Feb. 2, '05 May 15, '05 Sept. 7, '05 1 „ 22, „ 22, „ 22, II 22, Dec. 16', M 6, Peterhoronyh jail — Theft '05!junel6,'05 ,. 16, '05 >, 16, '05 M 16, '05 Mar. 24, '05 ., 10, '05 Vagrancy St. Thomas jail — Burglary and Theft. Theft Vagrancy. Sandwich jail- Vagrancy . . Toronto jail — Assault Obtaining goods under false pretences. 1 mo. I July 4, 1 „ „ 4, 1 11 Junel4, 1 yr. July 23, 4mos; .. 4, 3 „ Nov.23, G M I July 20, Nov. 14, Apr. 25, Dec. 3, Julyl9,'05 M 19, '05 June20,'05 H 9,'05 Sep. 27, '05 Jan. 9, '05' Sept. 5,'05 Mar. 4, '041 June 3.'05 Mar. 4, '05 30 dys Nov.28, '04 Dec. 15, '04 43 60 M !Apr.l2,'05Apr.l9,'05 45 J. P's., Kemptville. II h . .Police, Brock ville. 45 County, Goderich. Police, Hamilton. J. P"s., North Bay. . . County, Ottawa. Police II County M Police, Ottawa. Burk Falls. Parry Sound. Arnprior. Perth. ;J. P's., Carleton Place. Police, Perth. Peterborough. County Police St. Thomas. Leamington. Wind.sor. II Toronto. Sessions h h Two months and .S7.50 costs, or three months more in default of payment. c To be released when he shall have served three months. * Released on ticket of leave. STATISTIQUE C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 o . 283 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau YII.— Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. (Province d' Ontario.) Prisons communes — Suite. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date de Sentence Pardon ou I ou emprison- 1 commuta- nement. I tion . Conditions sur lesquelles le pardon ou commutation a ete accorde. Age et sexe. HiF Par quelle cour mis en jugement. Prison, de Brockville- Vagabondage ... 60 jrs . 26 avril '05! 3 juin '05 40 ,. 126 >. '05i 3 M '05 30 M 126 . 05 3 ,. '05 6mos 6 ., Prison dt Godcrich — Vol oomme serviteur Prison de Hamilton — Voies Je fait graves . . b Faux 1 an. Prison, North Bay — Vol 3mos Prison d'Ottcnva— Voies de fait et bles- 3 >< sures. j Voies de fait et infli- 3 ,. geant des blessures corporelles. Attentat a la pudeur. . 3 9 juin '05:i9 juil. '05 9 .. '05119 M '05 28 mars '05 3 mai '05 25 juin '04 1 mai '0&30mai '05 Voies de fait graves . . Vol Vagabondage Prison de Parry Sound — Obtention d'argent sousde faux pretextes. Vol Prison de Pembroke— Voies de fait Prison de Perth — Vagabondage ..... 4 „ '05 19 aout "04 5 mai '05 4 „ 6mos 3 „ 3 .. 5 „ 27 juin 4 janv. 17 mars 29 juin '05 30 mai '05 4 mars '05 6 juil. '05 16oct. '04 14 juin '05 15 juil. '05 31 juil '05 15 feb. '05 25 mars '05 21 . 32 . 25!. '21 1 . 181. 45 18 H 28 juin. 6 M 15 mai. '05 27 Apr. '05 'OJ 2 feb. '05 * Prison de Peterborough- Vol 22 „ 22 „ 22 „ 22 „ 16 dec. 6 u 26 44 130 i 43 |23 .I2I |31| .il9 .;45: I I ^5,' .35 '05 -7 Sept. '05 j37 '05 16 juin '05 23 '05(16 M '05 '0516 M '05 '05116 „ '05 '04 24 mars '05 '0410 " '05 Vagabondage Prison de St. Thomas — EflFract. de nuit et vol Vol Vagabondage Prison de Sandirich — Vagabondage I Imoi 4 juil. 1 - 4 „ 1 li 14 juin 1 an. '23 juil. 4mos; 4 .. 3 .- 23nov. 6 „ 20 juil. '05!l9 juil '05 18 "05 19 „ 'o5 17 '05 20 juin '05 35 Prison de Toronto — Voies de fait. ....... Obtention d'effet sous de faux pretextes. 6 „ 4 .- 3 „ 30 jr. 60 n 14 nov. 25 avril 3 dec. 28 nov. 12 avril 9 ,. '05 16' 27 sept. '05 38 9 janv. '05 '241 5 sept. '05! 26 i 4 mars '04 i79 3 juin '05 4 mars '05 15 dec. '04! 19avrir05 J. de P., Kempt ville. Police, Brockville. Corate, Godericli. Police, Hamilton. J. deP., North Bay. Comte, Ottawa. Police 11 Comte M Police, Ottawa. M Burk Falls. 11 Parrj- Sound . ir Arnprior. M Perth . J. de P., Carleton Place. Police, Perth. Peterborough . 11 St. Thomas. Comte ir Police 11 11 Leamington. I. Windsor. II Toronto. Sessions n b Deux mois et S7.50 de frais, ou trois mois de plus a defaut de paiement. c Pour etre libere apres trois mois de detention. * Liberes sur parole. 284 CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VJI, — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the 3'ear ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following prisons {Province of Ontario.) Common Jails — Co'iiciuded. CRIME. Date of Sen- tence. Sentence or ; Commit- tal. Pardon or Commuta- tion. Conditions upon which Pardon or Commutation was granted. Age and Sex. M F what Court tried. Toronlo jail Stealing . -Con. ,30 dys Mar. 2,'0.") Mar. 14/05 ilO M Feb. 16, "05 Feb. 22, '05 Theft I (imos Oct. 28, '05 Mar. 15, "05 Vagrancy . Whithy jail— Vagrancy 6mos Nov.d0,'04Dec. 30,'04 May29,mJunel0,'05 Junel2,'05 Jiily31,'05| .. „ 9, '05 - 6,'05|a Police. Toronto. Toronto Junction. Toronto. Whitby. [Province of Qufhcc. ) Provincial Peniteniary — St Vincent de Paul. Assault with intent to. . rob. Attempt to murder. 6 yrs. II of a notarial deed Gross indency on male person Horse stealing M to procure ab-j 5 n oration . i Attempt to steal from..! 3 m the person . 1 Breaking into a place of' 3 m public worship. Cattle stealing 5 yrs. False pretences ! 2 n j 2 -, Forgery 4 u „ j 2 „ 4 .. 3 M 3 „ 5 M 27 mos 2 yrs. 10 H 8 M 2 M 5 ., 5 -, 10 „ 9 M 6 .. 5 „ 14 M 5 .. 4 .. 4 .. 4 M 5 ,. 3 M 4 M 1 Dec. 13, '00 Apr. 5, M 15, Junel5, ;Oct. 29, '03 j Jan. 27, '03 Dec. 22, '00 Apr. 3, '05 Nov. 22, '04 June 5, '05 May 8, '05 M 20, '05 26| 39 24 38 28 47 House breaking and theft Incest Perjury Rec. stolen property . Robbery M vdth violence. Shooting with intent to kill and murder Shopbreaking Theft. and theft . , May 14, '03 Feb. 8, '05 * 40 Apr. 7,04 M 13, '05:* ... 34 M 14, 04 Mar.21,'05 * 35 Sept 27,'04 May S,'05J 26 Junel6,04 April 3,'05j* 19 Apr. 20, '03 Dec. 23, '04 60 M 20, '03 Feb. 8, '05' 54 July 21, '03 July 31, '05 * 20 Oct. 27, Aug. 27, June27, Jan. 15,' Apr. 5, Mar. 28, Dec. 17, Nov. 14,^ II 27 ,. 22' Jan. 21' Mar. 23, t> 16, Jan. 29, Feb. 10, May 19, „ 19, Aug. 3,' Apr. 28, July 13, Oct. 21, '04 Mar. 10, '05 May 30, '05 Junel6,'05 Dec. 22, '04 !Feb. 2, '05 June27,'05 May 20, '05 June27,'05 Jan. 16, '05! July 31, "05 1 Jan. 16, '05 1 I Sept 27, ^05 Mar. 10, '05 July 6, '05 Jan. 16, "05 Mar. 10, '05 Dec. 28, '04* 117 Julyl9,'05|* }18 Sessions, Montreal. King's Bench, Valleyfield II Quebec. II Montreal. Sessions, Sapreme, Calgary. Sessions, Montreal. King's Bench, Montreal. Sessions, Montreal. Dist. Mag., Sherbrooke. II Arthabaska. I. Rimouski. Sessions, Montreal. Queen's Bence, Hull. King's Bch, Beauharnois. [Supreme, Maple Creek. iSessions, Montreal. King's Bench, Montreal. Sessions, Montreal. I Dist. Mag., Sherbrooke. [Queen's Bench, Montreal. ISessions, Montreal. uebec. Montreal. a Released upon condition that he pays cost of prosecution. 6 Released upon condition that he accepts employment provided for him. * Released on ticket of leave. S T A T I S T I Q U E C R 1 M I X E L L E— 1 9 0 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 285 Tableau YII.— Cas oii le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. {Province d' Ontario.) Prisons Communes — Fin. Sen- tence. Date dk Conditions sur lesquelles le pardon ou commutation a ete accorde. Age et sexe. Par CRIME. Sentence ou emprison- nement. Pardon ou commuta- tion. quelle cour mis en jugement. Prison de Toronto — Fin. Vol... 30 jrs. 10 „ (jmos 6 .. 1 ,- 6 M 5 .. 2 mars "05 16 feb. 05 28 oct. '05 30 nov. 04 29 mai '05 12 juin '05 9 .. '05 14 mars "05 22 fev. '05 15 mai-s'05 30 dec. 04 10 juin '05 31 juil '05 6 M '05 2i .. 22.. 21.. 29 40'.. 40'. Police, Toronto. Vagabondage * 11 Toronto Junction. " Toronto. Prison de Whithii — i Vagabondage ' >. Whitby. 1 {Province de Quebec.) Penitencier Provincial — St. Vincent de Paul. Voies de fait avec inten- tion de vol. Meurtre, tentative de. . . Tentative d'avortement. II de vol sur la personne. Entrant avec fraca.s dans une jjlace du culte public. Vol de bestiaux Faux pretextes Faux Forgeant vm acte notarie Indecence grossiere sur une personne du sexe masculin ... Vol de chevaux ......... Bris de maison et vol . Tnceste Parjure Recel d'objets voles. Vol II avec violence. 6ans. 13 dec. '00' 22 dec. '04 1 5 II 5 avril 5 11 1 15 II 5 II 15 juin 3 .1 29 oct. 3 „ 5ans 2 II 2 I. 4 11 2 ., 4 I. 3 I, 3 11 5 I, 27 mos 2ans. 10 I. I 8 I. 2 .1 5 11 5 .1 10 „ 9 II 6 .. Usage d'arme a feu avec int. de meurtre Bris de magasin Vol. et vol. . '04 3avrir05* 03: 22 nov. '04 * '03 5 juin '05i . 03 8 mai '05 27janv.'03j20 '05 14 mai 7 avril 14 .. 27 siept. 16 juin 20 avril 20 ,1 21 juil. 27 oct. 27 aoftt. 27 juin 15 janv. 5 avril 2S mars 17 dec. 14 nov. 27 .1 22 I. 21 janv. 23 mars 16 I, 19 janv. 10 fev. 19 mai 19 I, 3 aotit 28 avril ' 13 juin '03 '04] 13 '04 1 21 '04 8 '04 3 '03 23 03 8 '03 31 8 fev '05*- ,1 '05 * mars "05 * mai '05 . . avril '05 * dec. '04 . . feb. '05 .. juil. '05* '03 21 '0310 "03(10 '03 30 '0016 '04 22 '02 2 '01127 '02 20 '02 27 0216 '04,31 '96:16 oct. mars mai juin dec. feb. juin mai juin janv. juil. janv. 26 '03 27 sept. '05 '03 10 mars '05 03 6 juil. '05 '03 16 janv. '05 02 10 mars '05 04^23 dec. '04 03119 juil. "05 Sessions, Montreal. Banc du Roi, Valleyfield. II II Quebec. Montreal. Sessions i> Supreme, Calgary. Sessions, Montreal. Banc du Roi, Montreal. j II _ II Sessions, Montreal. M. de Dist., Sherbrooke. II . Arthabaska. II Rimouski. Sessions, Montreal. Banc de la Reine, Hull. r. Roi, Beauharnois. Supreme, Maple Creek. Sessions, Montreal. Banc du Roi, ^Montreal. Sessions, Montreal. M. de Dist., Sherbrooke. Banc de la Reine, Mont'l. Sessions, Montreal, Quebec. Montreal. a Libere a condition qu'il paye les frais de poursuite. h Libere a condition qu'il accepte I'emploi qui lui sera Liberes sur parole. accepte I'emploi qui lui sera offert. 286 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. ^ — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to- ,the foDowing prisons. (Province of Quebec.) Provincial Penetentiary — St. Vincent de Paul — Concluded. Date of CRIME. Sen- tence. Sentence or Commit- tal. Pardon Commuta- tion. Age Conditions and uix)n which Pardon Sex, or Commutation was granted. M By what Court tried. Theft. as a servant. from a dwelling. M the person . . Wounding. 6yrs. 2 n 2 M 2 .. 3 .. 7 M 4 .. 3 .. 3 „ 3 M 5 .. 2 „ 21 „ 3 .. 7 " 7 .. 4 M Jan. 29, '03 Aug. 23,051* Sept27,'04Feb. 13,'05* Nov.28,'0.'?!Nov.22,'04l. Aug. 7, '03 Oct. 21,'04 ' „ 3,'04!.July22,'05* April 5, '00 M 12, '05, .Julvl9,'02 Jan. ir,,'05 * Jan. 26, '04 .Mar. 24, '05* Mar.15.04 „ 10,'05 Dec.l8,'03 Junel0.'05 Mar. 18,'02 July 6, '05 Oct. 20,03 June 9, '05 Sept 26, '04 July 6. "05 Aug. 25, '04 Mar. 11, '05 June 5, '02 Apr. 12, '05 Sept2.5,'02iAug.2t;,'05 Mar. 25, '04i Apr. 28, '05 22 . 49 .. 37 ., 27 .. 39 . 40 . 24 . .34 . 32 . 43 . 29 . 25 . 32 . 24 . 32 . 35 . 28 . Sessions, Montral. Dist. Mag., Sweetsburg. King's Boh., Valleyfield. J. P's., Montreal. |Se.ssions, !• Dist. Mag., Hull. J. P's., Montreal. Dist. Mag., Sorel. Sessions, Montreal, n Quebec. (Province of Quebec. J Reformatories. Montreal Reform SchoolA Theft 3yrs. May 4,03 Aug. 26, '05 16 . . Sessions, Quebec. (Provvace of Quebec.) ' Common jails. Hull Jail Assault causing bodily harm. Larceny Receiying stolen goods Seduction Taking hand car (ijrop. of C.P.R.) Theft ■ Montreal Jail — Assault t drunkenness Drunk and disorderly and assaulting wife 14taos 14 12 12 6 23 Jan. 20, '05 20, '05 Apr. 17, '05' June 20, '05 H Mar. 12, '04 Oct. 18, '04 Apr. 5, '05 1 Aug. 4, '05 ., 12, '05 May 18, '05 Dec. 23, '04' Feb. 17, '05 June 10, '04 2nd charge False pretences. . . . Forgery . . . Frequenting disorder- ly house. Inflicting grievous bod- ily harm. Keeping a disorderly house. Loitering Dec. 22, '04 a Nov. 18, '04 May 30, '05 2 in & Jan. 4, '05 Apr .19, '05 .S20 or 6 mos . 6 mos. 3 mos. Mar. 3, '05 May 8, '05 23 HI. . Feb. 9,'04 Xov.29,'04;* Illness 3 m. & Feb. 18. '05 Mar. 8, '05 28 3 a. m. 6 mos. ,Sept.23,'04 Dec. 22, '04 3mS50 July 7,'04 or3a.m Oct. 20, '04 2m .$50 Feb. 17, '05 Apr. 14, '05 orSaml 2 mos. Oct. 5,'04 Nov.l4,'01 21 Dist. Mag., Hull. 32 King's Bench ,. Dist. Mag. ti Recorder, Montreal. Sessions 31 28; Recorder j 23lKing's Bench 35 28 Recorder a Six months and -SllO fine, or seven months more in default of payment. * Released on ticket of leave. STATISTIQUE CRi:SIINELLE — 190 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 287 Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30 Septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. (Province of Quebec.) Penitencier provincial — Saint-Vincent-de-Paul — Fin. Date de CRIME. Sen- I tence. Sentence ou ■ emprison- nement. Pardon ou comujuta- tion. Age Condition sur 1 et lesquelles le pardon sexe. ou commutation a ete accorde. [ HF i I Par quelle cour mis en jugement. Vol. comme serviteur. dans une maison. sur la personne. Blessures. 6ans. 2 „ 2 M 2 11 3 1, 7 .1 4 „ 3 1, 3 M 3 „ 5 .1 9 „ 2|„ 3 M 29 janv, 27 sept. 28 nov. : 7 aovlt 3 1. ^ • 6 avril 19 juil. 2ti juin 1.0 mars 18 dec. 18 mar. 20 oct. |2G sepf 2.5 aoflt 5 juin 25 sept. 25 mars '03'23 aout '05 * '04 13 fev. '05!* 03 22 nov. '04l '03 21 oct. '04 * '04 22 juil. '05* '00 12 .1 '05 '0216 janv. '05* '04 24 mars '05 * '04 10 1, '05 * 'C3 10 juin '05* 43 '02 6 juil. "05* l29 03 9 juin '05 25 .04 6 juil. '05* |32 '04 11 mars '05 24 22 . . Sessions, Montreal. 29 371 27 39' 40 . . M. de Dist., Sweetsburg. 24,.. I 34.. I 32 '02 12 avril '05 '02 26 aoCit '05 '04128 avril '05 Banc du Roi, Valleyfield. J J. de P., Montreal. Sessions, m |M. deDist., Hull. J. de P., Montreal. ;M. de Dist., Sorel. I Sessions, Montreal. 1! Quebec. (Province de Quebec.) Maisons de reforme. Maison de Beforme, Montreal — Vol 3ans 4 mar. '03 26 Aout'05 il6 Sessions, Quebec. (Province de Quebec.) Prison de Hull — Voies de fait causant des bless, corporelles. Larcin Recel d'objets voles. . . Seduction Prenant un hand car (prop. duC.P.R.) Vol Prison de MontrM — Voies de fait et ivres.se Ivresse et de.sordre et agression sur .sa femme. 2e accusation Faux pretextes Faux Frecjuentant une mai- son de desordre. Infligeant des bles- sures corporelles. Tenant une maison de desordre. Prisons communes. 14mosi20juin '05117 avrir05, Faineantise. 2m. & S20 ou 6 mos. 6 mos. 3 mos 23 11 3 m. et S50 ou enc3m 6 moi.« 3m. et §50 ou euc3m 2 m. et §50 ou cncSm 2 mos 20 „ 12 mars 5 avril 12 1. 23 dec. "05 20 juin '05 * '04 18 oct. "04. "05; 4 aout '05 . '05118 mai '051 '04!l7fev. '05' 10 juin '04 22 dec. '04* 18 nov. 4 janv '04 .30 mai '05 '05119 avril'Oo 3 mars 9 fev, IS ,t '05i 8 mai '05 23 32 05 8 mai 05 28 04 29 nov. 04 * Maladie | . . ;31 28 23 sept. 7 juil. 17 fev. '04 22 dec* '04 '04 20 oct. '04 05 14 avril'Oo "^ ! 5 oct. '04 14 nov. '04 " 21 Mag. de Dist. Hull. Banc du Roi .. Mag. de Dist. n Recorder, Montreal. Sessions u Recorder •■ Banc du Roi i. Recorder m a Six mois et 8110 d'amende, ou sept mois de plus a defauc de paiement. * Liberes sur parole. 288 CRIMINAL S T A T I ST I C 8—1 905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised duiing the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following prisons. (Province of Quebec.) Common jails — Concluded. CRIME Sen- tence. Date of Sentence or Commit- tal. Pardon or Commuta- tion*. Conditions upon which Pardon or Commutation was granted. Age^ and Sex.i M F| By what Court tried. Montr«d Jail — Con. Obtaining goods under 1 mo. false pretences. Rape Receiving stolen goods Shopbreaking I 6 Stealing. Theft. a post bag Mar. 30, '05 Apr. 11, '05 38 as a servant, from employer. .jlS of a St. ry. con.! 9 box & contents. 23mos Nov.21,'03iDec. 22, '04 * 3 „ May 4,'05]June 3,'05 . . . .Tan. 24, '05 Apr. 12, '05* . 12 „ Aug. 2, "04 Dec. 23. '04!... 6 ■« Dec. G.'04 Feb. 10,"04 *6. 9 .. July 18, '04 Oct. 17, '04* . 12 » Mar. 3, '04 Dec. 22, '04 * 6 .. Apr. 2U, '05 Sept. 27, '05* . 1 mo., Sept. 30, '04 Oct. 20, '04 . . 9mos Aug. 24, '04 Feb. 2, '05 * . Nov. 14, '04 June 20, '05 ... ,, 23,'04 Mav20,'05* Uttering forged papers "Vagrancy J Vagrancy G „ 4 u 4 M 4 ,. 4 .. 4 M 4 ,< 4 ., 3mos Sessions, Montreal. King's Bench Sessions J. P.'s Sessions 19 40 lej ..21 44' 16 22 .. 28, . . I 22, . . J . 22..; 43; . . King's Bench 43 . . P.' Apr. 4, '05 July 31, '05 1 i21 Junel4.'05Aug. 4,'05 ;2!:^ 14 'Sessions Quebec Jail — Indecent assault Stealing t. from the person Theft II as a serv.'vnt .... St. John's Jail — Drunkenness Ste. Scholastique Jail — Indecent assault .... Sherhrooke Jail — Theft Vagranc.v Working an illicit still Sivcetsbvrrj Jail — Theft:.' Three Rivera Jail — I Causing grievous bodi-' ly harm with intent to maim. M 14, ,- 14, " 14, „ 14, „ 14, June20, Oct. 14, Nov. 7, Dec. 9, Mar. 20, „ 5, „ 6, ,. 27, Junel3, Mar. 18, July 26, Feb. 20, May 30, Aug. 8, iS100& Jan. 31, COS. or, 3mos 18mos 3„ 4 ,. 6 M 6 t, 6 ., 3 ■. 6 ,. G n 20 >, 6 M G M 05 .1 4, '051 23'. '05 M 4, '05 19'.. '05; M 4, '051 24 .. '05, „ 4,'05! 23i. '05 M 4. '051 124 '05 '05 '04 04 Junel0,'05!* ]20 . . 'King's Bench, Quebec. Sept.21,'05; [23 .. Aug.ll,'05 I . . 22 Recorder, Montreal. Dec. 6,'04* 130 . Sessions, '04 Dec. 23, '04 '05 July 6, '05 05 June27,'05 '05 July 19, '05 '05 ,. 6, '05 '05 M 22, '05 '05iJune22,'05 22 Dist. Mag., 23;.. . . '21 Sessions, 17 i.. I Dist. Mag., 23 . Sessions, .|20 37 Oct. 20,'04'c Feb. 3, '05!* '04lOct. 20, '04* '04 1 .. 30. '04 1.. '05' Apr. 3.'05i.. 23 >, '.50;May20,'05 '05 Apr. 11,'05 Mar. 16, '04 Oct. 27, '04 68 25 22 26.. 47 26 Dist. Mag., St. John.s. King's Bench, St. Scho- lastique. . .jDist. Mag., Sherbrooke. I, Sweetsburg. King's Bch. Three Rivers a Three months with bail to keep the peace. b Ticket of leave issued in order that prisoner maj' receive medical treatment. c Prisoner released u|X)n condition that relations take him back to Three Rivers. * Released on ticket of leave. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 1 905 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 289 Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30 septembre 190-5, en faveur de.s prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. (Province de Quebec.) Prisons communes — Fin. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date de Sentence ou emprison- nement. Pardon ou commuta- tion. Conditions sur lesquelles le pardon ou commutation a ete accorde. Age et sexe. HF Par quelle cour mis en jugement. PriHon de Montreal — Fin Obtention d'effets sous de faux pretextes. Viol Recel d'objets voles, Imos 30 mars '05 Bris de magasin I fi ol. d'un sac jxjstal. 12 I 9 12 6 1 |9 18 comnie serviteur. chez un patron. . . d'une boite de con-j 9 duct^ir de tram-j way avec contenu Emiss. de faux papiersi 6 Vagabondage ' 4 4 Vagabondage . ... Prison de Quebec — Attentat a la pudeur Vol sur la personne . conime serviteur.. Prison de St. Jean— Ivrcsse Prison de Ht.Scholastiqtie Attentat a la pudeur. Prison de Sherbrooke — Vol Vagabondage Travaillant un alambic Prison de Siceeinburfi — Vol Prison de Trois- Rivieres Causant des blessures corpor. graves avec intention d'estro];)ier 4 ,. 4 M 4 M 4 „ 4 „ 3mos a 18mos 3 .. .4 M 6 M 6 M 6 .. 3 u 6 .. 6 " 20 „ G M 6 ., $100et les fr. ou3m 5mos 23 21 nov. 4 mai 24 janv. 2 aout. 6 dec. ISjuil. 3 mars 20 avril 30 sept . 24 aout. 14 nov. 23 M 4 avril 14 juin 14 14 14 14 14 14 20 juin 14 Oct. 7 nov. 9 dec. 20 mars 11 avril '05 '03 22 dec. '05 3 juin 05 {12 avril '04122 dec. '04J10fev, '04 17 oct. ■04J22 dec. '05127 sept. '04 20 Oct. '04 2fev. '04 20 juin. '0420 mai '05[31 juil. '05! 4 a6ut. '05 4 „ "05 4 M '05| 4 „ '05 4 „ 4 M 21 sept. 11 aoftt 6 dec. '052' 10 juin 23 dec. 6 juil. 6 „ 27 M 13 juin 18 mars '05122 juin / jum 19 juil. 6 22 '04 05 ■05* 04 04 04 04 '05 '04 '05 '05 05 26 juil. 29 fev. 30 mai 8 aottt 31 janv. '04 20 oct. '04 3 fev, '04120 oct. '0430 „ '05 3 avril '041c '05 '04 '04 '05 '05' 20 mai '05 11 avril 16 mars '04 27 oct. '04 38 44 16 22 28 22 22 13 43 21 25 23 19 [24.. i-23 . . 24 23 21 Sessions, Montreal. Banc du Roi » . Sessions .. J. de P. Sessions .J. de P. Banc du Roi Sessions 30 22 Recorder, Montreal. . . Sessions, u 2(» . . BancdiLRoi, Quebec. 22 Mag. de Dist., 21 Sessions, . . Mag. de Dist., Sessions, 20 Mag. de Dist., St-.Tean. B. duRoi,StpSchola.' Amherst, N.-E. Sydney, Supreme, Amherst, n a Deux ans et 20 coups de fouet. *h Liberation sur parole ]iour un mois devant etre annulee si le prisonnier ne retourne pas en Irlande. *c Libere sur parole a condition que le prisonnier ne retourne pasau Cap-Breton avant le ler jnin 190,6; * Liberes sur parole. 17—191 292 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following prisons. (P.E.I.,N.S. cl-N.B.) Provincial Penitentiary, Dorche.ster, N.B. — Concluded. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date of Sentence or Commit- tal. Pardon or Commuta tion. Conditions upon which Pardon or Commutation was granted. Age and Sex. MF By what Court tried. Theft. and receiving stolen goods from the person . . . 2iyrsFeb. 1,'04 1,'04 i ,, 11,'04 July 4, '04 ,, (),'04 I Dec. 1,'04 M 11, '03 July 30, '03 [Dec. 1,'04 Mar. 3, '04 Dec. 30, „ 30, n 30, May 30, Apr. 14, July 22, Dec. 22, Jan. 16, July 22, 6, '05 24 30 24 25 24 18 37 21 18 51 ■■ Supreme, Sydney, N.-S. 1. Summer.side, PEI Assize, St. John, N.B. Stip. Mag. Halifax, N.S. Supreme, Summerside, P.E.I, Police, Halifax, N.S. Common Jails. Charlottcloivn jail — Assault and occasion- ing actual bodily harm. Halifax Count}/ jail- Indecent assault Keeping dis orderly house. Keejjing baudy hcuse Theft ■ II and escape. . . . Yarmouth jail — Assault with intent to wound. Infraction of Canada Temp. Act. 6 mos 6 ,. 6 n 1 yr. 9 mos liyrs 1 yr. Oct. 26, '04 Jan. 23, '05 Junel0,'05 Aug. 18, '04 „ 4, '04 Mar. 2, '04 Dee. 20, '04 Junel9,'05 „ 22, '05 Apr. 18, '05 Dec. 22, '04 May 8, '05 Jan. 2,'05 July31,'05 Junel7,'04 Mar. 4, '05 33, . . jStip. Mag. Charlotte- town, P.E.I. 37 .. .26 120 County, Halifax, N.S. Stip. Mag. II Yarmouth, N.S. British Columbia Penitentiary. Aiding and abetting in committing a felony Arson Burglary, housebreaking and assault Fraud Sheep stealing Shopbreaking and theft. Theft lOyrs. 3 II 6 I, 3 II 4 II 4 II 4 I. 3 ,1 4 II July 3, '02 Jan. 16, '05 Feb. 20,'03'junel0,'05 Apr. 26,'OljJan. 18, '05 Feb. 9,'04|july C,'05 July24,'03SeDt.27,'05 II 24, '03: II 27, '05 I, 24, '03: II 27, '05 II 20, "03 Mar. 10, '05 Oct. 7, '02 Sept. 27, '05 39 52 40 23 28 35 25 26 41 Territorial, Dawson, Y.T. County, Vancouver, B.C. Supreme, Victoria, B.C. County, Vancouver, B.C. Nanainio, B.C. Territorial, Dawson, Y.T. Supreme, Clinton, B.C. {Prov. of Brit. Columbia.) Common Jails. Kamloops jail — Manslaughter Nelson jail — ) yr.. 3 mos 6 II July 14, '04 Mar. 30, '05 Sept. 26, '04 Dec. 22, '04 May 8, '05 Dec. 22, '04 46 ?9 Assize, Barker ville, B.C. County, Fernie, B.C. Obstructing peace offi- cer. » 26 Stip. Mag., Cran brook, BC a Fine of $50 in each of five cases and in default of payment two months in jail in each case. * Released on ticket of leave. STATISTIQUE CRIMT N ELL E, 190 5. 293 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau VII. — Cas oii le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissaut le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. (/. du P. E.. N.S. Jb N.B.) Penitencier provincial— Dorchester, N.-B. — Fin. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date de Sentence ,i Pardon ou commuta- ou emprison nement. tion. Conditions sur lesqiielles le pardon ou commutation a ete accord e. Age et sexe. H'F Par quelle cour mis en jugement. Vol 2ians. „ .... M M 3' \2h \2 \2 3 .3 et recel d'objets voles 3 sur la personne 3 fev. juil. dec. juil. dec. 3 mars '04 dec mai avril juil. dec. janv. juil. '0.5 Supreme, Sydnej', N.E. .. Summerside, I-P-E Assises, St- Jean, N.-B. Mag. stip, Halifax, N. -E . Supreme, Summerside, I. du P.-E. Police, Halifa.x, N.-E. Prisons communes. 6 mos. Pr. de Charlottetown- Voies de fait causant des blessures corpo- relles. - Pr. du comte. d' Halifax— Attentat a la pudeur. Tenant une maison dejG n desordre. [ II .1 M il an. Vol |9 mos. M et evasion .... . . j Hans. Prison de Yarmouth — Voies de fait avec in-1 n tention de blessure. Contrav. aux lois de a . . . temper, du Canada. I 26 oct. '04 20 dec. '04 19 juin '05 22 ,1 '05 IS avril '05 23 janv. '05 10 juin '05 18 aoftt. '04 4 M '04 22 dec. '04 2 mars '04 8 mai '05 2 janv. '05 31 juil. '05 17 juin "04 4 mars '05 33 37 Mag. stipend., Charlotte- town, I. du P.-E. Comte, Halifa.x, X.-E. Mag. stip Yarmouth, Penitencier de la Colombie-Britannique. Aidant et excitant a 10 an s 3 juil. '02 16 janv. '05 commettre un crime. Incendie |3 EfiFraction de nuit,bris de|6 maison et voies de fait! Faux Vol de moutons. Bris de niagasin et vol . Vol 20 fev. "03 26 avril '01 9 fev. 24 juil. 24 .1 24 M '20 „ [ 7 oct. 10 juin 18 janv. '05 1* '05* '04 6 juil. '03127 sept. '03'27 .. '03(27 '< '03 10 mars '02 27 sept. Territoriale, Dawson. Comte, Vancouver. Supreme, Victoria. Comte, Vancouver. II Nanaimo. Tt-.rritoriale, Dawson. Supreme, Clinton. (Prov. de la Col.-Britannique.) Prisons communes. Prison de Kamhops — Homicide non premid'e Prison dc Nelson — Voies de fait Obstruant une oflScier de la paix. I an . . 3 mois 6 .1 14 juil. '04 30 mars '05 26 sept. '04 22 dec. '04 8 mai '05 22 dec. '04 46 29 26!.. Assises, Barkerville. Comte, Fernie. Mag. stip., Cran brook. a Amende de $50 dans chacun des cinq cas, et a defaut de paiement deux mois de prison dans chaque * Liberes sur parole. 294 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 19 0 5. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following pri.sons. (Prov. of Brit. Columbia.) Common jails — Concluded. CRIME. D.\TE OF Sen- tence. Sentence I or I Commit- tal. Pardon or Commuta- tion. Conditions upon which pardon or Commutation was granted. Age and Sex. MiF By what Court tried. New Westminster jail — Theft Unlawful wounding. . . Vancou vcr jail — Carnally knowing a girl under 14 yrs. Vagrancy Victoria jail — Killing a cow. 1 yr.. Gmos 6 M r ir 6 .. 18 ., Oct. 18,'04Sept.27,'05 Nov. 2, '04 July 3, '05 Oct. 19, '03 Jan. 6, '05 Aug.27,'04 Nov.26,'04 M 27, '04 ,. 26, '04 .- 27, '04 „ 26, '04 Jan. 20, '05 j Apr. 15, '05 Oct. 7, '03 Jan. 16, '05 '25 . . 28.. 120 I'sh's remitted by 2l' . Gov. Gen., Mar. 16, '04 22 . 22 19 15 24 Police, Vancouver, B.C. Assize, M Police, « 1' Victoria, B.C. Manitaba Penitentiarj'. Being intoxicated while tvn duty as railway on enginee. . Breaking, entering and stealing. Cattle stealing Damaging property False pretences . Horse stealing. . II .1 and theft Killing a calf with intent to st^al. Perjury Rape Rape, attempted Robbery Shooting with intent . . . Theft Uttering and trying to forcibly break out of, his cell with intent to escape. i 2 yrs. 3 M 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 5 4 3 3 yrs. 3 n 3 M 5 II 610 M 2 1- 2 I, 1 yr.. 3 yrs. Sept. 20, '04i Apr. 3, '05 Jan. 7, '04 Sept. 27, '05 Mar.r Nov. / , II 7, " 7, 7, " 7, Dec. 13, Oct. 4, „ 4, Feb. 5, n 5, July 22, Jan. 18, Nov. 14, I, 14, May 14, '04 Apr. 11, '05 '03 .. 11, "Do '03 I. 11, '05 '03 May 8, '05 'OS M 8, '05 '03 „ 8,'05 04 Sept. 27, '05 '02 Oct. 21, '04 '02: ., ^\;QA '04 Mar. 15, '05 '04 M 15, '05 '03 Jan. 16, '05 '04 July 6, "05 '03 May 23,05 '03 July 6, '05 '04 JunelO,'05 Mar. 7, '03 Mar. 10, '05 July 13, '03 June 10, '05 Nov. 8,"02Dec. 22,'04 Mar. 13, '05 July 3,05 M 20, '00 May 20, '05 July 29,'03 Dec. 22,04 Oct. 5,"04 June22,05 May26,'04 Dec. 22,04/ Nov. 3, '03 Sept 27, '05; 29 19 Supreme, Regiiia, N. W. T. White wood. Maple Creek, Yorkton, II Majjle Creek, M Regina, II MacLeod, II Edmonton, ,1 Carlyle, .1 MacLeod, Supr., Calgary, N.W McLeod II II Edmonton t. King's B., Winnipeg,Man Queen's « « Police 11 II Supr., Regina, N.W.T. I Moosomin h 1 Calgary n *(i 23 months and 160 lashes. h And 75 lashes in three whippings. * Released on ticket of leave. 8TATISTIQUE C R I M IN ELLE — 1 905 . 295 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons saivantes. (Prov. de la Col.-Britannique. ) Prisons communes — Fin. CRIME. Sen- tence. Sentence ou j emprison- I nement. Date de Age Conditions et j lesquelles le pardon sexe, ou commutation a ete accorde. Pardon ou commuta- tion. H Par quelle cour mis en jugement. 1 an. 1 „ . 18 oct. 2 nov. Prison dc N. Westminster Vol Blessures Prison de Vancouivr — Commerce charnel avec!*a . une fille audessous de 14 ans. Vagabondage j6 mois|27 aoflt I(j ,. !27 M 6 „ 16 >, Prison de Victoria — j Tuant une vache !l8 « 19 oct. '03 04 04 27 .. '04 20 janv.'05 7 oct. '03 27 sept. '05 3juil. '05 6 janv.'05 2G nov. '04 26 M '04 23 „ '04 15 avril '05 16 janv.'05 1 20 Coups de fouet '. remis par Gov. -Gen. mars 16, '04. 25 28 21 22 22 19 15 24 Police, Vancouver. Assises, II Police, II Victoria. Penitencier du Manitoba. Etant en etat d'ivresse pendant qu'il etait en devoir comme ingeni- eur d'une locomotive. Effraction, entree et vol. Vol de betail. . . . Domraage a la propriete Faux pretextes. Vol de chevaux. et vol. . Tuant un veau avec in tention de vol. Parjure Viol Viol tentative de Vol , Usage d'armes'avec in- tentions. Vol 3 ant Menace et tentative de^ bris de cellule avec Tin tention de s'evader b\0,. 20 sept. '04 7 janv. 1 7 mars 7 nov 3 avril '05 04 27 0411 sept, avril 7 I. 7 I. 13 dec. 1 oct. 4 ,1 5 fev. 5 II 22 ju.l. 18 janv. 14 nov. 14 ,1 .14 mai 7 mars 13 juil. 8 nov. 13 mars 20 II 29 juil. j'Pbct. 26 mai 3 nov. sept, oct. janv juil. mai juil. juil. 10 mars '05 10 juin '05 22 dec. '04 3 juil. '05 20 Uiai '05 22 dec. '04 22 juin '05 22 dec. '04 03 27 sept. "05 29 Supreme, Regina. Whitewood. Maple-Creek. Yorkton. II Maple-Creek. II Regina. 11 MacLeod. II Edmonton. [ II Carlyle. I II MacLeod. Supreme, Calgary. II MacLeod. I II Edmonton. B. du Roi Winnipeg. jB. de la Reine, Winnipeg Police, Winnipeg, j Supreme Regina. II Moosomin. II Calgary. *a 23 mois et 160 coups de fouet. b Et 75 coups de fouet en trois fouettements. * Liberes sur parole. 296 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following prisons. (Province of Manitoba.) Portage la Prairie Reformatory. CRIME. Sen- tence. Dat Sentence or Commit- tal. E OF Pardon or Commuta tion. Conditions upon which Pardon or Con:mutation was granted. Age and Sex. By what Court tried. Shopbreaking and theft. Theft 2yrs. 3 ., I': 3 n .JuIyl8,'04Dec..3C,'04 May22,'05|July31,'05 M 9,'04 .. 14,'05 Sept 20, '04 „ 15, "05 M 20, '04 „ 15, '05 17 15 19 13 15 Police, Winnipeg-, Man. (Province of Manitoba') Common Jails. commit Brandon jail — Attempt to suicide Shopbreaking and theft SmosSept. 7, '04 '04 Oct. 22,'04 May 8, '05 I yr. & July 18, II ms. Theft 6mos Aug. 23, '04 [Dec. 14, '04 Winnipeg jail — | Assaultanddrunkennessla .... Apr. 24, Forgery I 1| yrs Mar.21, '13mosNov. 8, 1 yr.. Sept 15, 6mos'Aug.25, '05 June 3, '05 04 Jan. 16, '05 '04 June 9, '05 '04Mav24,'05 '04ljan. 16,'05 18 18 20 27 20 22 24 23 .. Police, Brandon. Winnipeg. County Brandon. Police, W^innipeg. County, •• Common -Jails — North-west territories. Dawson jail — Receiving stolen goods Theft....... Prince Albert jail — Obtaining money un- der false pretences . Rape, attempted Rcgina jail — Assault Assaulting a police constable Cattle stealing Concealing cattle Obtaining goods under false pretences. Receiving stolen money Selling mtoxicants to Indians. Stealing . lomos Apr. 6, '04 Aug. 1,'04! 2yrs, 2 .. 9mos May 20, '05 Oct. 20, '041 July 10, '03 May 27, '04 Theft lyr..;Apr.2.3,'04 /.GmosOct. 24, '04 2yrs. 1 yr.. 1 „ 18 mos 1 yr. 6 mos 1 M 1 M 6 mos Aug. 1'03 Mav31,'04 Aug. 1,'04 Junel6,'04 Feb. 22, '05 Jan. 21,'05 *. Dec. 22, '04*. Mar. .30, '05 . . jj 10, '05*. Feb. 10, '051.. ., 10,'05,*. May20,'03j*. June22,'05 Mar. 24, '05 Aug. 1, '04 May 20, "05 Nov. 12, '04 Apr. 15, '05 Dec. 2V'04 June21,'04 Nov. 21, '04 Mar. 6, '05 14, '05 June 5, '05 M 26, '05 M 22, '05 43 . . J. P's, Dawson, 51 1.. Territorial, Dawson. 41 1. . Supreme, Macleod. 38:.. M Battleford. 22!.. II Regina. 351 . . Police, Moosejaw. 46i . . Supreme, Calgary. 3l|.. M Red Deer. 241 . . II Calgary. 43| . . Supreme, Regina. 62 . . Indian Aerent, South Qu"Appelle. 38 . . Supreme, Calgary. 22t.. .1 Regina. 25i.. 2)... II Majjle Creek. 20 . . I. Regina. 30l.. a Fine 825 and $2 . 25 costs or two months for assault and S3 fine and .S3 co.sts for drunkenness and disorderly conduct. b And 897 tine and 82.50 costs or in default of payment 6 additional months, c Fine of .8100 and .89.50 or two months. * Released on ticket of leave. STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 1 9 0 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 297 Tableau VII — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. fProv. de Manitoba.) Ecole de reform^;— Portage-la-Prairie. Sen- tence. Date de Condition sur Age et Par CRIME. Sentence ou emprison- nement. Pardon ou commuta- tion. ou commutation a i ete accord e. ■HJF quelle tour mis en jugement. l^ijuil '04 -^n rlpn '04 17 Police, Winnipeg. Vol '.'. 3 M 3 M 22 mai '05 9 ,. '04 20 sept. '04 20 „ '04 31 juil. '05 14 ,. '05 15 .. '05 15 .. '05 l.T 19 |13 15 ( Prov. de Manitoba.) Prisons communes. Prison de Brnndon — ; Tentative de suicide. . 3mos 7 sept. '04 22 oct. '04 Bris de magasin et vol 1 anet'lS juil. '04 8 mai 11 m. '05 Vol I 6mos|23 aoiit '04 14 dec. '04 Prison de Winnipeg — Voies de fait et ivresse a 24 avril '((p 3 juin. '05 Faux jl^ans. '21 mars'04 16 janv.'Ool 1 13mos 8 nov. '04 9 juin. "05' 1. 1 an . 15 sept. '04124 mai. 05; n I 6mosj25 aotit '04il6 janv.'OoJ 18 Police, Brandon. Comte, Police, Comte Winnipeg. Brandon. Winnipeg. Prisons communes — Territoires du Nord-ouest. Prison de Dawson — Recel d'objets voles. . . Vol Prison dePrince Albert — Obtention d "argent sous de faux pretextes. Viol, tentative de Prison de Rcjinci, — Voies de fait 11 sur agent de police. Vol de bestiaux Recel de bestiaux Obtention d"effets sous faux pretextes Recel d 'argent vole. . . Vente de boisson aux sauvages. Vol 15mos 2ans. 6 avril 0420 mai 1 aoilt '04 1 20 oct. 2ans. 10 juil. '03 21 janv.'OS * 41 9mos;27 mai '0422 dec. '04* 3S 1 an [23 avril '04130 mars'05 66mos 24 oct. '04 10 m '05 2ans. 1 1. 1 1, ISmos 1 aoiU '03110 fev. "05 31 mai '04|l0 ,. '05 1 aoat '04!20 mai '05 16 juin '04 22 juin '05 22 fev. '05 24 mars '05 , Ian. 1 aoClt '04 20 mai '05 . . 6mos 12 nov. '04 15 avril '05 . . Ian. 21 dec. '04 14 .. '05* 1 M 21 juin '04 5 juin '05 .. 1 1. 21 nov. '04 26 m '05* 6mos 6 mars '05,22 n ^051* J. de P. Dawson. iTerritoriale, Dawson. Supreme, ^lacLeod. Battleford. 11 Regina. Police, Moosejaw. Supreme, Calgary. ■I Red- Deer. Calgary. Supreme, Regina. Agent de.s sauvag.,South- Qu'Appelle. Supreme, Calgary. I 11 Regina. ; 11 ^laple-Creek. I 11 Regina. a Amende de -825 et S2.25 de frais ou deux mois pour voies de fait, et amende de -53 et S3 de frais pour ivresse et mauvaise conduite. h Et -897 d'amende et -82.. 50 de frai.s, ou a defaut de jjaiement six moi.« additionnels. 0 Amende de -8100 et 89.. 50 ou deux mois. * Liberes sur parole. 298 CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905. 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 J Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following prisons. Guard Rcxjras. Northwest Territorie.s. CRIME. Sen- teace. Date of Sentence or Commit- tal. Pardon Commuta- tion. Conditions u])on which Pardon or Commutation was granted. Age and Sex. MF By what Court tried. Cahjary guard room — Assisting constable to desert. Drunkenness Having liquor in his possession. Fo)-t Saskatcheican. guard room — Unlawful wounding. . Lithhridge guard room — Selling liquor tolndians Macleod guard room — Vagrancy ... Maple Creek guard room- Larceny Rcaina guard room — Theft White Horse guard room- Perjury. 6mos 3 H 6 „ 6 M 6 „ 4 .. 3yrs. 6mos 2yrs. Nov. 28, "04 Aug.25,'04 July 30, '04 Dec. 6, '04 May2C,'05 Nov. 28, '04 June23,'04 May 5, '05 Apr. 8, '04 Jan.28,'05 19. Oct. 17, '041 u 16, '04; Apr. 3, '05 June20,'05| Dec. 27, '041 Oct. 3, '04 July 6, '05 Junel0,'05 J.P's., Calgarv. 34' . .iPolice, Mofjsejavv. 30 ..J.P's., Calgary. 44 . . ! King's Bch.,Wetaskiwin. 54 . . J.P's., Lethbridge. II Pincher Creek. .. I Supreme, Maple Creek. J.P., Estivan. 27! . . 'Police, White Hoise. 30;.. 21 23 Freedom Granted to Ticket of Leave Men. British Columbia peniten,-\ j j 1 tiarji. j I I Forgery 4 yrs. Oct. 24, '01 Sept 24, '04 Unconditional free- 1 I I dom granted. Mar. 10, 1905. Nov. 3, "03 May 2, '04 Dispensed from re- porting change of Theft 3 12 Kingston penitentiary — Arson Highway robbery with violence. ■Stealing money letters 6 May 21, '97 Aug.2l,'03 Apr. 2, '02 Dec. 5, '02 Apr. 18, '04 Aug. 8, '03 residence, Feb. 4, '05 Unconditional free- dom granted, Feb. 4, 1905. Unconditional r e - lease granted, Apr. 19, 1905. Unconditional free- dom granted, May 4, 1905. 21 23 40 23 26 Police, Grand Forks, B.C. County, Vernon, B.C. Assize, Orangeville, Ont. Police, Port Arthur, Ont. Police, Toropto, Ont. Death Sentences Comumted during the Year ended September 30, 1905. Murder. iDeath Sept 28, "051 Dec. 4, '05 [Life imprisonment. . Dec. 14, '04 May 6,'05| . Nov.21,'04l.Jan. 23, '051 |Oct. 7, '04 .: „ 18, '01 .; Aug. 23. '05 Dee. 5, '04 Nov. 21, '04 i i Confined in asylum. 45 35 47 23 i 24 ..I n.g Assize, Brantford, Ont. King's Beh. , Sherbrooke, Q I, Montreal, Q. Assize, Sandwich, Ont. Sault St. Marie, O. Brantford, Ont. * Released on ticket of leave. STATISTIQUE CRI.MINELLE— 1905. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 299 Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant Fannee finissant le 30 septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes. Postes de ix)lice, Territoires de Nord-Ouest. CRIME. Sen- tence. Date de Sentence Pardon ou I ou emprison- commuta- nement. tion. Conditions sur lesquelles le pardon ou commutation a ete accorde. Age et sexe. HF Par quelle cour mis en jugement. Postc de Police, CaJgary-^ Aidant un agent de 6mos pol. a deserter. • Ivress"^' Ayant de la bois. en sa possession. P. de pol. , Fort-Suskatche- v:an — Blessures P. de pol. , Lethhridge — V'ente de bois. aux Sau. P. depol., Macleod — Vagalx)ndage P. de pol.. Maple Creek- Vol P. de pol., Regina — Vol P. depol.. White Horse- Parjure 6 .. 6 ., 4 .. 3 ans 6nios 2 ans 28 nov. '04 28 janv.'05 25 aoiit '04 17 oct. '04 30 juin '04 16 ,. 'U4 (> dec. '04 26 mai \ 5 28 nov. '04 23 juin 04 5 mai '05 8 avril '04 19 34 . 30 . 3 avril '05 * 44[ 20 juin '05 54 . 27 dec. '04 30 . 3 oct. '04: 2l'. 6 juil. '05| j23 . 10 juin '051 127;. J. de P., Calgary. Police, Moosejaw. J. de P., Calgary. B. du Roi, Wetaskiwin. .J. de P., Lethbridge. M Pincher-Creek. Supreme, Maple-Creek. J. de P., Estivau. Police, White-Horse. Liberte accordee aux liberes sur parole. Pimttncier de la Col.- Britannique — Faux Vol PeniUncier de Kingston- Incendie. Vol de grand chemins avec violence. Vol de lettres chargees 4 ans 3 M 12 M 24 oct. '01 24 sept. '04 3 nov. '03|2 mai '04 21 mai '97 5 dec. '02 I Liberte non condi- tionnelle accordee, 10 mars '05. Dispense de faire 1 rapport du change- ment de residence. Liberte non condi- tionnelle accordee, 4 fev. '04. 2 11 24 aoClt '03 18 avril '04 Liberte non condi- tionnelle accordee, 19 avril '05. 6 IT 2 avril '02 8 aout OS'Liberte non condi- 26 I tionnelle accordee, I 4 mai '05. 21 23 40 23 26 1 Police, Grand Forks.C-B. Comte, Vernon, C.-B. Assises, Orangeville,Ont. Police, Port -Arthur. f. Toronto. Sentences de mort commuees durant I'annee finissant le 30 sept. 1905. Meutr Mort. 28 sept. '05:4 dec. '05 14 dec. '04 6 mai '05 21 nov. '04J23janv.'05 7 oct. '04 5 dec. '04 18 „ '04|21 nov. '04 23 aout '051 Emprisonnem. a vie 45 . '35 ..^47 . |23 . . j24 Intemeedansunasile . . i . . ' Assises, Brantford, Ont . . . B. du Roi, .Sherbrooke.Q. . . ' 1. Montreal, Q- .j Assises, Sandwich, Ont. .. M Sault-Ste-Marie,0. n.di " Brantford, Ont. Libere sur parole. 300 INDEX 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 INDICTABLE OFFENCES. Abduction Abortion and attempt to procure abortion Arson Assault, aggravated Assaul t and batteiy Assault and obstructing peace officer Assault and robbery Assault, indecent " Assault on females Attempt and carnally knowing a girl of tender years Bigamy Bringing stolen property into Canada Burglary and having burglar's tools Carnall,y knowing an imbecile woman Carrying unlawful weapons Concealing birth of infants Conspiracy Currency, "offences against Deserting child • Electoral Act, violation of Embezzlement Endangering the safety of passengers on railways False pretences Feloniously receiving and in possession of stolen property. Forcible entry Forgery and uttering forged documents Fraud and conspiracy to defraud Gambling and lottery Acts, oflFences against. Horse, cattle and sheep stealing , House and shopbreaking Incest . Page 26 and . H 0 . M 12f; . M 42 . .- 54 . - 50 . „ 82 . ., 18 . „ 38 . M 22 . ,. 34 M 86 . M 70 , „ 10 M 138 .. 6 „ 142 . ,. 134 . M 10 . M 142 „ '.'0 „ 34 . M 90 . M 98 . M 146 . ,. 134 M 102 „ 146 . M 102 M 74 . M 22 Indecent exposure and other offences against public morals . m 150 Larceny Larceny from dwelling houses Larceny from the person Libel .......^ .. .. Malicious injury to Iiorses, cattle and other wilful damage to property Manslaughter Murder Murder, attempt at Perjury and subornation of perjury. „ 106 „ 118 M 118 „ 10 M 130 ,. 6 M 2 M 2 „ 150 Prison breach, escape and attempt to escape from prison n 154 Rape . , , Rape, attempt at Refusing to support family Revenue laws, offences against Riot and affray Robbery and demanding with menaces Robbery, highway Seduction Shooting, stabbing, wounding Sodomy and bestiality .... Stealing registered letters and other mail matters Suicide, attempt at Various offences against the person Various other misdemeanours Warehouse and freight car breaking 14 14 62 158 162 82 78 26 30 10 122 162 66 166 "86 following to 33 29 129 49 6.5 57 89 25 45 29 41 13 145 9 145 137 13 145 93 37 97 101 149 141 105 149 109 81 25 153 121 121 125 13 133 9 5 9 157 161 17 17 69 105 165 85 85 29 35 13 125 165 73 169 8» INDEX 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 DELITS JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY, Agression avec voies de fait Page 54 et Attentat a la pudeur Avortement et tentative d'avortement Bigamie Bris de maisons et de magasins Bris d'entrepdts et de wagons de fret. . Commerce charnel avec line imbecile . . , Conspiration 'i 142 Delits contre le revenu de TEtat ! Desertion d 'enf ants Detournement Divers autres dejits Dommages malicieux aux chevaux, bestiaux, etc Effets voles apportes au Canada . Emeute et tumulte Enlevement - Entree forcee Exposant au peril les voyageurs sur les chemins de fer .^ Exposition indecente et autres delits contre la morale publique Eaux et emission de faux documents - . Faux pretextes . . Eraude et conspiration de f raude Homicide non premedite Incendie criminel .■ Inceste Infraction a la loi electorale Infraction aux lois defendant le jeu et les loteries Infraction aux lois des prisons, evasion, tentative et aide d'evasion . liarcin Libelle Meurtre ... . Meurtre, tentative de Monnaie, delits par rapport a la monnaie Outrages divers contre la personne Parjure et subornation de parjure . . . Port darmes illegal Recel et en possession d'objets voles Refus de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille Seduction . Sodomie et bestialite ' Suicide, tentative de Suppression d'enfants Tentative et commerce charnel avec une fille en bas age Usage d'armes avec intention criminelle Viol Viol, tentative de Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a un officier de la paix Voies de fait et vol Voies de fait graves et lesions corporelles Voies de fait sur fenimes Vol avec effraction et ayant en possession des outils de voleur Vol dans des maisons habitees Vol de chevaux, betail et nioutons. ... Vol de grands chemins A^ol de lettres chargees et autres niatieres postales Vol et demandes avec menaces Vi '1 sur la personne . . . .' ' 54 et suivantes a 65 18 25 0 9 34 41 74 81 86 89 10 13 142 145 158 165 10 13 90 93 166 169 130 133 86 89 162 165 26 33 146 149 34 37 150 153 134 141 90 97 102 105 6 9 126 129 22 25 142 145 146 149 154 161 106 121 10 13 2 5 2 9 134 137 66 73 150 157 138 145 98 101 62 69 26 29 10 13 162 165 6 9 22 29 30 35 14 17 14 17 50 ~ . 57 82 89 42 49 38 45 70 1 77 118 121 102 109 78 85 122 125 . 82 8.3 118 125 302 INDEX. 5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 SUMMARY CONVICTIONS BY DISTRICTS. Albert, N.B Page 200 Alberta, Northern — Nord, AFta , 241 Alberta Southern — Snd, Al'ta . . ,, 241 Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont , 2lfi Annapolis, N.S.—N.-E ,. 192 Antigonish, N.S.—N.-E .^ 1<)2 Arthabaska, Que ,. 20c Assiniboia, Eastern — Est, Saskat >. 242 Assiniboia Western — Ouest, Saskat ,, 242 Beaiice, Que .. 205 Beauhamois, Que ,. 206 Bedford, Que . . 206 Brant, Ont •. „ 216 British Columbia, totals of — Colombie-Britannique, totaux de la ■ • 250 Bruce, Ont. 217 Canada, totals of — tf)taux du '. . .. 252 Cape Breton, N.S.—N.-E. . , ., i;i3 Carleton, N.B ., 200 Carleton, Ont .. 217 Charlotte, N. B .. 201 Chicoutinii, Que n 207 Colchester, N.S.—N.-E... 193 Cumberland, N.S.—N.-E ., 194 Digby, N.S.—N.-E .. 194 Dufferin, Ont .. 218 Elgin, Ont 218 Essex, Ont .. 219 Frontenac. Ont ... > 219 Gaspe, Que « 207 Gloucester, N.B 201 Grey, Ont .. 220 Guysborough, N.S.—N.-E .. 195 Haidimand, Ont •■ 220 Halifax, N.S.—N.-E .. 195 Halton, Ont 2:n Hants, N.S.—N.-E .. I'.MJ Hastings, Ont 221 Huron, Ont - 222 Iberville, Que ,. 208 Inverness, N.S.—N.-E 196 Joliette, Que 208 Kamouraska, Que >• 209 Kent,NB m 202 Kent, Ont " 222 King's, N.B .. 202 King's, N.S.—N.-E 197 Kings, P.E.I.— I. du P.-E - 190 Lambton, Ont ■■ 223 Lanark, Ont 223 Leeds and Grenville, Ont -. 224 Lennox and Addington, Ont m 224 Lincoln, Ont " 225 Lunenburg, N.S.—N.-E « 197 Manitoba, Central — Centre , . . " 237 Manitoba, Eastern — Est < 237 Manitoba, Southern — Sud 238 Manitoba, Western — Ouest > 235 INDEX 303 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES PAR DISTRICTS. ^lanitoba, totals of — totaux du Middlesex, Ont Montmagny, Que Mnntrerl, Que .. • Muskcka and Parry Sound, Ont New Brunswick, totals of — Xouvean-Brunswick, totaux du Xipisbing, Ont Norfolk, One Northumberland, N.B Northumberland and Durham, Ont . . Nova Scotia, totals of — Nouvelle-Ecosse, totaux de la Ontario Ontario, totals of — totaux d' Ottawa, Que Oxford, Ont Peel, Ont Perth, Ont Peterborough, Ont Pictou, N.S.— N.-E Pontiac, Que Prescott and Russell, Ont Prince Edward Island, totals of — He du Prince-Edouard, totaux de 1'. Prince Edward, Ont ... . . . . Prince, P.E.I.— I. du P.-E Quebec, Que Quebec, totals of — totaux de Queen's, N.S.— N.-E Queen's, P. E. I.— I. du P.-E Renfrew, Ont Richelieu, Que Rimouski, Que Saguenay, Que . . . St. Francois, Que St. Hyaeinthe, Que St. John, N.B Saskatchewan, Saskat Simcoe, Ont Stormont, Dundas and Glengarrj', Ont Terrebonne, Que Territories, totals of the— Territoires, totaux des . Trois-Ri vieres, Que Thunder Bay and Rainy River, Ont Vancouver, B.C.— Col. -B Victoria, B.C.— Col.-B Victoria, N.S.— N.-E Victoria, Ont Waterloo, Ont Welland, Ont Wellington, Ont Wentworth, Ont Westminster, B.C.— Col. -B Westmoreland, N.B Yale and Cariboo, B.C.— Col.-B Yarmouth, N.S. — N.-E . York, N.B ....! 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