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SESSIONAL PAPERS

VOLUME 12

PART 2

SECOND SESSION OF THE TWELFTH PARLIAMENT

DOMINION OF CANADA

SESSION 1912-13

VOLUME XL VI I

3DX.3^^

Marth 1 7 1919

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

also Numerical List, Page 25-

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

TO THE

SESSIONAL PAPERS

PARLIAMEiNT OF CANADA

SECOND SESSION, TWELFTH PARLIAMENT, 1912-13.

A

Ag-ioult<nral Aid Act, Agreement with
the several Provinces re expenditure
of Subsidies under, &o 6Vt

Agriculture, R-eport of Dept. of 15

Agricultural School, Model Farm, itc., at
New Carlisle, Que., Memorials, ic, re. 215

Aids 'to navigation that have been estab-
Jished, on the Canadian Atlantic
Coast 89

A.lkine, J. A. M., Report of on ' Moral
Instruction in the Cajiadian Public
Schools' 96

AJdershot Military Camp, number of
men at in summer of 1912; contracts
given; cost of supplies, ic 182

A'dershot, N.S., re supply of ice for
Mi'.itary Camp at, &.c 221a

Aldershot, N.S., re alleged thefts of pro-
perty from the Militia Camp in Sept.,
1D12 221

Algoma Steel Co., applications for remis-
sion of duties on rails imported by at
Fort William, &c 149

Am'iot, P. E., Engineer Public Works
Dept., Bonaventure Co., Que., re
transferring of 138

Appeals made to Governor in Council,

12 months prior to March, 1912 117

43849—1

A

Apjoiotments: —
General Foremen, &c. of Puljlic Woika
of Co. of Bonaventure, since Oct. 1,

1911. to date, &.c 72;

Appointment of Mr. McClnskie as

Poirtmaster at Wakan. B.C 72fc

Archives Branch, re transferring of
from Dept. of Agriculture to Secre-
tary of State, &c 87

Archives Branch of Secretary of State,

Report of work of for year 1912.. .. 29h
A^selin. OJivar, Report of re investiga-
tion of Frtnch and Belgian immigra-
tion into Canada 9]

A-^tronnmer, Chieif, Report of for year

eiding March 31, 1912 23a

Atlantic, Quebec and Western Ry., Re-
port of Engineers re usefulness of as

fee<Iers to I. C. Ry 67/

Auditor General: —
Report of. Volume 1, A to J, for year

ended March 31, 1912 ]

Report of. Volume 2, K 'to U, for year

ended March 31, 1912 i

Report of, Volu-me 3, V to Y, for year

ended March 31, 1912 )

Australia, Commonwealth of. Preferen-
tial Tariff between Canada, and.. .. 94

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

B

Banque Internationale, application of to
the Treasury Board, &c 130

Banque Internationale, re Certificate
authorizing transfer of to Home Bank,
ic 22S

Beeman, J. C, cancellation of contract
of, for conveying H. M. Mails, name
of successor, &c "-"

Begin, Mr. J., appointment of as Manager
of Experimental Farm at Ste. Anne.. 72e

B '.g an and French Immigration to
Ci-nafla, Investigation into by Olivar
A-seF.n 91

Bills passed by nouse of Commons since
Confederation, which have been amend-
ed by Senate 223

Bonaventure, Post Offices opened in
since Oct., 1911, to date, Ac 63

Bonaventure Co., Resolution of, asking
for, or objecting to, certain public
works in said Co 13^

Bonds and Securities registered since
last return, Nov. 28, 1911 53

Boulangcr & Son, Quebec. Claims of, &c. 141a

Branch Lines I. C. Ry.: —
Railway from Estmere to Baddeck, re

building of 82

Vale line of, re asking for road to be

taken over by I. C. Ry., re 109

Recon-tiuction of Branch line of into
Gfuysborough Co., N.S 83e

Breakwater at Petite Riviere, Lunenburg
Co. N. S., Report re repairs made on
in year 1912 203j

British Consular Service, .0. C. re facil-
ities for information useful to Can-
adian Trade in connection with.. .. 118

British Canadian Loan and Investment
Co., Ltd., Toronto, for year 1911.. .. 140

Biitish Columbia, Copy of 0. C. ap-
pointing a commission to inquire into
claims of, &c 191

British Columbia, Memo, re claims of
for special consideration 191a

British Columbia, Correspondence re
claims of Indians of the Province, be-
tween Prov. Govt, and DomiBion Govt. 159o
British Columbia, Documents re subject

of ■ increase of Prov. Subsidy to.. .. 67g
British Columbia, Memorials of Govt, of
re claims for additional Prov. Subsi-
diea 67''

Broderick, Post Office, Sask., re change
of name of 78

Brule Wharf, Colchester Co., N.S., re
expenditures on during last two years
&c 179

Brown, James W., in connection with
western lands, pt. of S. E. J section
21-20-21-W., 3 Meredian, and others,
also Alex. Hurst Brown's claim re
these lands 187c

Buildings occupied by the Govt, as pub-
lic offices, under rent, where situated,
&c 208

Cable Rates, Memo, on subject of be-
tween P. 0. Dept. and British Post
Office 93

Canada Steamer, re investigations re-
garding service performed by, &c.. .. 65

''anada-West Indiian Conference 55

Canadian Fishermen, re recent increase

in prices charged for Manilla Cord.. 185
Canadian Boat Fishermen, re Medical

attendance on, &c 64

Canadian Pure Food Act, date of enact-
ment of, &c 70

Canadian Trade and Comimerce, exten-
sion of facilities for obtaining infor-
mation useful to 118

Canadian Pacific Railway: —
Orders in Council respecting, &c.. .. ih
Rt'turn re lands sold by, year ending

Oct. 31. 1912 45a

Return re applications made by, for
authorization to make new issue of

stock 45b

Canadian Guardian Life Insurance Co.,
re transfer of from Dept. at Ottawa

to Dept. at Toronto 188

Canals: —
St. Peter's, Improvements on, also re
contract between Department and W.

H. Weller 108

St. Peter's, Improvements on, also re-
lating to contracts, &c 108o

Relating to personal expenses paid by
Government to Mr. St. Amour, Sup-
erintendent Soulanges Canal 108b

Census, 1911:—
Population, Religions, Origins, i-c. .. B

Manufactures C

Civil Service: —
Statement of affairs in connection with
Civil Service Insurance Act 41

2

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

C
.Stn.tement of supprannuation and re-
tiring allowances in Civil Service.. 44

Civil Service List, 1912 30

Report of Slir George Murray on or-

gnn'zation of in Canada 57a

Report of Civil Service Commission.. 31

Cj<i€, W. .1., Report re investigation
into GrciTt. Printing Bureau 61 (llz)

Commission Royal, Report of on Indus-
trial Training and Technical Educa-
tion. &e 191d

C'nmm-ssion Royal, Report of inquiry
into complaints re weighing of butter
and cheese in Montreal, &c 153

Commigsdoners, appoint'ment of re study
of causes for depopulation of country
places, high cost of living 129

Commissioners, appointed to investigate
complaints against United Shoe Ma-
chinery Co 95c

Commission Agents, complaints for plac-
ing farm labourers in Ontario 47

Ctmmissioners appointed under first
part of Inquiries Act, 1906 191

Commissioners appointed to inquire into
claims of British Columbia 191a

Commissioners appointed to inquire into

Indian Lands and Indian Affairs in B.C. 191b

Commissioners appointed to inquire into
Law re Pilotage Districts of Montreal
and Quebec 191c

Commission appointed to investigate
charges of political partisanship in
Govt. Printing Bureau, with evidence
•a-nd Report Gl (Uz)

Combines Investigation Act, Report of
Proceedirjgs under, vear ended March
31, 1912 36c

Canada and Newfoundland, VolTime of
trade import and export between from
Jan. 1, 1896, to Jan. 1, 1913, also Trade
Agreement between Newfoundland and
Weit Indies, included with Canada,
for 1909, 1910, 1911 and 1912 .. 195

Canada and Newfoundland, Volume of
Trade, import and export, between,
from Jan. 1, 1896, to Jan. 1, 191.3, &c.
(Supplementary Return) 195a

CariJboo Island, .Pictou Co., N.S., Pa-
pers in connection with expenditure at 97

Cement, Customs Tarifl on, correspond-
ence between Coy's., Corporations, &c.,
to Nov. 1, 1911 125

Cement, adjustment of Duty on, and all
correspondence with Ministers respect-
ing 125a

43849— li

Census Enumerators, Reports as to de-
lay in payment of, &c

Central Railway of Canada, Report made
by the Railway Dei>artnient

Chaniplain Market, Que., re acquisition
of by Trans. Ry. Comimissiouers, for
Station, Teiminals, Ac

Chartered Banks, List of Shareholders^
in, as on Dec. 31, 1911

Cheese, Butter, &.C., Eeport of Royal
Commission of inquiry into methods
of weighing, payment, &c., Montreal.

Citij of Sydney, Steamship Investiga/-
tion into collision between tug Dong-
lax n. Tliomas, and

Construction of road from North Bay
to Sturgeon Falls, Ont., Correspond-
ence and Engineers Reports re

Conference, International Peace, re con-
sideration of first , Century of be-
tween U. S. and British Empire.. ..

Correspondence, &c., by Conservative
Candidate, Gloucester Co., N.B., re
Public Works to date

Correspondence re East i of Sec. 27 in
Tp. 6, Range 2. West of third Meri-
dian

County Court Joidges, re request of in-
creased salary, and amendment to
Judges -Act re retiring allowances.. ..

Onstoms Department :—

Report of

Customs Tariff of Canada, changes
made in by 0. C, since last Session
of Parliament, &c

Criminal Statistics for year ended Sept.
30, 1911

Crowe, Colonel, Commandant Royal Mili-
tary College, re retirement, &c

S

Dairy and Cold Storage Coimmissioner,

Report of for year ending 1912

Dry Dock at L^vis, Que., or Harbour

and Port of Quebec, Que

Drill Hall at Fernie, B.C., re contract

for erecting at

Drill Hall at Fernie, B.C., re award-
ing contract for erection of

Dismissals: —

Return re dismissal of John R. Mc-
Donald, Heatherton, Antigonish Co.,

N.S

Return re Dr. C. P. Bissebt, Physician
to Indians Salmon Rfver, N.S.. ..
3

211

170

7

153b

95e

179

229

187

126

173
11

73

17
75a

15a
201
197
197a

61
61*

3 George V.

AlphaLetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

Return re dismissal of Michael Mur-
piiv. P. M., at Pt. Micbeau, R. Co.,

N.S 61b

Return re dismissal of David A. Mc-
L?od, P. M., at CUeveJand. Rich-
mond Co., N.S 61^-

Return re dismissal of John Milward,
P. M., a-t Stormont, Guysborough Co.
N.S ^1''

Return re dismissal of Kenneth F. ilc-
A.skiU, P. M., at Loch Lomond, Rich-
mond Co., N.S file

Return re dismissal of W. W. Hayden,
wharBnger at Digby. N.S 61/

Return re dismissal of W. B. Langley,
As9t. at Lobster Hatchery, N.S.. .. 61fl

Return re dismissal of Fred. E. Cox,
Engineer Lobster Hatchery Cld

Return re disimissal of Simon Hodgson,
Engineer Lobster Hatchery, Isaacs
Harbour, N.S 61i

Return re dismissal of Henry Henlow,
Engineer Lobster Hatchery, Canso,
Guysborough Co., N.S 61j

Eleturn re dismissal of H. C. V. Le
Vabte, Harbour Master at Louisbnrg,
C. B. South, N.S 61k

Return re dismissal of John Cum-
mings, Asst. Lobster Hatchery,
Isaacs Harbour, N.S 61/

Return re dismissal of W. G. Mat-
thews, of Life Boat Crew, Canso,
Guysborough Co., N.S 61;;i

Return re dismissal of Joseph Shean,
HarbouT Master, Xoa-th Sydney, N.S. 61n

Return re dismissal of G«o. H. Samp-
son, of Storm Signal, Lower
L'Ardoise, Richmond Co., N.S 61o

Return re dismissal of Alexis Vigneau,
Capt. Patrol Boat, Arichat, Rich-
mond Co., N.S 61p

Return re dismissal of Emeri Thivicrge
Fisheries Inspector, Cos. of Prescott
and Russell. N.S 61q

Return re dismissal of all public oflB-
cers. Inland Revenue Dept., Co. of
St. Jean Iberville, Quebec 61r

Return re dismissal of J. Fabien
Bugeaud, Bonaventure, Que., A. B.
Caldwell, New Carlisle, Quebec. .. 61s

Return re dismissal of Duncan Mc-
Arthur, Annuities Branch, while at-
tached to Trade and Commerce.. .. 61 (

D

Return re dismissal of Chas. 0. Jones,
Postm:vster, Bedford, Co. of Missis-

quoi, Quebec 61ii

Return re dismissal of Archd. Barss,
Postmaster, New Harbour, Guysbor-
OHsh Co., N.S 61r

Rtturn re dismissal of Dr. A. Allaire
of Penitentiary of St. Vincent de
Paul 61 ir

Return re dismissal of Oscar Beau-
champ, Warden of Penitentiary, St.
Vincent de Paul 61r

Return re dismissal of John McDonald,
freight handler, checker, I. C. Ry.,
Sydney Mines, N.S 6ly

Return re dismissal of Allan Kinney,
Liuivood, Antigonish Co., sectionman,
I. C. Ry 6l2

Rtturn re dismissal of Chas. Landry,
of Pomket, Antigonish Co., N.S.,
S;ctioaman I. C. Ry 61u(i

Return re dismissal of Patk. Deooste,
Ferry Stmr. Scotia, between Mud-
grave and Point Tupper. N.S.. .. 61bb

Rtturn re dismissal of Harry E. Mo-
Donald, Asst. Engineer, St. Peters
Canal, Richmond Co., N.S 61cc

Return re di.sTiiis.sal of Neil Ross, s^-
tionman I. C. Ry., West River,
l^ic.ou, N.S eidd

Return re dismissal of Jas. Arm-
strong, Heatherton, Antigonish Co.,
N.S., Sectionman I. C. Ky 61ee

Return re dismissal of Thos. J. Go-ay,
car iuspector, I. C. Ry., Westville,
PictoTi Co., N.S 61 /y

Return re dismissal of Colin Macdon-
ald, sectioiunan I. C. Ry., James
R:ver, .Auti^'ouish Co., N-S 6139

Return re dismissal of A. T. Gannon,
car inspector, I. C. Ry., North Syd-
ney, N.S 6i;i/i

Return re dismissal of Huber Myatte,
Tracadie, Antigonish Co., N. S., sec-
tionman, I. C. Ry 61 11

Return re dismissal of John McX)on-
nell, Afton Station, Antigonis'h Co.,
N.S., Sectioniman, 1. C. .Ry Glj;

Return re dismissal of Wm. Landry,
of Pomket, Antigonish Co., N. S.,
Section foreman, I. C. Ry 6Ifcfc

Return re dismi.^al of D. J. McDou-
gall. Section foreman, I. C. Ry.,
Grand Narrows. N. S 6m

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

D

Return re dismissal of Daniel A. Cofley
and W. A. McNeill, LockuK'n. St.
Peter's Canal, Riolimond Co., N.S. 61mm

Rctiirn~ re dismissal of John P.
MeaghtT, foreman deckhand steam-
ship Scotia, Guysborough Co., iN.
S Glnn

Return re dismissal of Jas. Gibson,
ex-P. M. of Alameda, Sask., re band-
ing over office to E. Cronk 61oo

l\elurn re dismissal of Capt. C. E.
Miller, from 73th Regiment 61pp

R turn re dismissal of J. N. N.
Poirier, Collector of Excise, Victoria-
viUe, Quebec, &c 61qq

R-turn re dismissal of Abraham As-
tephen. Interpreter, Immigration De-
partment, North Sydney, N.S.. .. 61rr

Return re dismissal of Robt. Dow, Im-
migration Branch, Dept. Interior,
Ottawa 61ss

Eicturn re dismissal of John Ware, Im-
migration Branch, Dept. Interior,
Halifax, N.S 6l;t

Return re dismissal of Richd. Hickey,
Immigration Branch, Dept. Interior,
North Sydney, N.S 61uu

Return re dismissal of Dr. J. W. Mc-
Lean, Medical Examiner, Immigra-
tion Dept.. North Sydney, N.S 61t!t)

Return re dismissal of John A. Mc-
Rea, Lightkeeper, Margaree Island,
N.S eiww

IJetoirn re dismissal of Thos. Brymer,
-Lightkeeper, Lower L'Ardoise, Ittch-
mond Co., N.S 61xx

Keturn re dismissal of Dominique
Boudrot, Buoy contractor, Petit de
Grat, Bichmond Co., N.S 61yy

ileturn re dismissal of Fredk. F. Dou-
cet, Lighthouse keeper, Caraquet,
G'oucester Co., N.B 61zz

Upturn re dismissal of W. H. Henlow,
K eper of Storm Drum, Liscomb,
N.S eiaaa

Heturn re dismissal of David Falconer,
Lightkeeper, Cariboo Island, Pictou,
N.S Glbbb

Return re dismissal of M. Wilson Law-
lor. Harbour Commissioner, North
Sydney, N.S 61ccc

Return re dismissal of P. J. McDon-
ald, Harbour Commissioner, North
Sydney, N.S Clddd

D

Return re Wames of all Lightkeepers
in Province of N. S. dismissed since
Oct. 11. 1911, &c einee

Return re Number of dismissals from
public offices, Dept. Marine and
Fisheries, Co. of Bonaventure. . .. 61///

Return re dismissal of H. L. Tory,
Fishery Officer, Guysborough, N.S.,
*c Cltfflg

Return re dismissal of John W. Davis,
Fishery Officer, Guysborough, N.S.,
&« eihhh

Rsturn re dismissal of Martin
Bourque, Lightkeeper, River Bour-
geois, N.S 61iii

Xieturn re dismissal of Fredk. Poirier,
Buoy Contractor, River Descouse,
NS 6i;i;

Return re dismissal of Dr. Geo. Pin-
ault. Medical Health Officer, Indian
Reserve, Bonaventure Co., Que.. .. Glkkk

Return re dismissal of Fredk. Veit,
Dcp:. Marine and Fisheries, Co. of
Gaspe, Quebec 61///

Return re dismissal of Alfred Lalonde,
a.t Warehouse, Govt, yards, St.
Joseph de Sorel (ilmmm

Return re dismissal of Jas. Webber,
Lightkeeper, Tor Bay Point, N.S.. (Jlnun

Return re dismissal of Baptists Dcs-
jardins, Lightkeeper at £amouraska,
Quebto 61uoo

Return re dismissal of Angus Smith,
Pilot on steamer Earl Grey Clppp

Return re dismissal of Michael J.
Sampson, Lightkeeper at Lower
L'Ardoise, N.S 61y'J9

Return re dismissal of Wm. Hackett,
Harbour Commissioner, North Syd-
ney, N.S (Jlrcr

Return re disjnissal of Horimisdas I^v
casse. Wharfinger, Govt. Wharf,
Wei.dover, Prescott Co., Ont., cSic.. 6Us-s

Return re dismissal of Geoffrey Cror-
mau, Co.vswain, Life Boat Station,
Herring Cove, Halifax Co., N.S.. .. 611it

Return re dismissal of Capt. Geo.
Wetmore, Harbour Master, Yar-
mouth, N.S Cluuu

Returu re dismissal of Stanley Hen-
low, Lightkeeper, Liscomb, Guys-
borough, N.S CllTB

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

D

Return re dismissal of H. C. V. Le
Vatte, Fishery Officer, Louisbourg,
Cap* Breton, N.S 61www

Rpturn re dismissal of Elias M.
BoTidrot, Storm Signal Keeper, Petit
de Grat, N.S Glxxx

Return re dismissal of A. B. Cox, Su-
perintendent Reduction Works,
Canso, N.S G\yyy

Return re dismissal of Jeffrey Crespo,
SubcoUector Customs, Harbour au
Bouche, -N.S 61z;z

Return re dismissal of Tbos. Cameron,
Preventive Oflacer, at Andover, N.B.6]aaan

Ret-urn re dismissal of L. W. Pye, Cus-
toms Officer, Liscomb, N.S Glbbbb

Return re dismissal of Imcien 0. This-
dale. Customs employee at Valley-
field, Quebec Glccce

Return re dismissal of Alex. Mac-
■donald, Doctor's Brook, Sub-collec-
tor of Customs Gldddd

Return re dismissal of Henry Cann,
Customs Official and Preventive Offi-
cer, North Sydney, N.S 61cocc

Return re dismissal of Chas. Mennier,
Customs Officer, Marieville, Que. ...61////

Return re dismissal of Geo. H. Coch-
rane, Collector of Customs, Moncton,
N.B., &c eiffSSfl

Re-turn re dismissal of C. Michaud,
Postmaster St. Germain, Kamour-
aska Co., Que Glhhhh

Return re dismissal of Emile Archam-
bault, letter carrier at Montreal.. Cli'jii

Return re dismissal of Norman Morri-
son, Po~^tmaster, Ferguson's Lake,
N.S 61/;7i

Return re dismissal of D. J. McKiUop,
Postmaster at MciRillop, N.S 6lkkkk

Return re Investigation recently held
at Ste. Asa.the P.O., County of Terre-
bonne 6inn

Return re dismissal of Bertie Bou-
drot, Lightkeeper at Poulamon,
Richmond Co., N.S 6\mminm

Return re dismissal of Leon Rivest,
J. B. Lachapelle and Louis Dubois,
Ligbtkeepers at Repentigny, Que..6]nnnT!

Return re dismissal of L. P. Carig-
nan. Forest Ranger, Champlain,
Quebec 6I0000

D

Return re dismissal of Jas. S. Harvey,
W. L. Ke.mpffer, J. Herbert Siveet-
man, J. B. LeBlanc, J. Nadeau,
Preventive officers, Quebec Slpppp

Return re dismissal of Wm. Marsh,
Preventive Officer, at Little Pond,
Sydney Mines, N.S Glgggg

Return re dismissal of Duncan Mc-
Donald, Customs Preventive Officer,
Athelstan, Quebec Glrrrr

Return re dismissal of Lemuel Bent.
CoUeetor of Customs, Oxford, N.S. Glssst

Return re dismissal of Pascal Poirier,
Collector of Customs, Descouse, N.S. 61tttf

Return re dismissal of Donald J.
Hachey. Collector of Ouetoms, Bath-
urst, N.B 61UUUU

Return re dismissal of John Maher,
Customs Department at Montreal. .6U't)rt)

Return re dismissal of Peter Fougere,
Preventive Customs Officer, Petit de
Grat, N.S Glwwww

Return re dismissal of Jas. Grantmyre,
Preventive Officer at Little Bras
D'Or, N.S eixxxx

Return re dismissal of Employees on
Soulanges Canal, dismissed since
September 21, 1911 eiyyyy

Return re dismissal of Andrew Mel-
ville, Locktender, Cardinal, Ont..61zzz3

Return re dismissal of Geo. Short,
Canal Bridgetender, Cardinal, Ont.Claaaaa

Return re dismissal of N. Broderick,
Locktender, Cardinal, Ontario 61&bb&b

Return re dismissal of Thos. Mc-
Latchie, Locktender, Cardinal, Ont.filcccce

Return re dismissal of Elgin Mc-
Laughlin, Locktender, Cardinal,
Ontario G\ddddd

Return re dismissal of Robert Robert-
son, L'>cktender, Cardinal, Out 6Ieeece

Return re dismissal of Wni. L. Glad-
stone, Locktender, Cardinal, On-
tario 61/////

Return re dismissal of Byron Van
Camp, Locktender, Cardinal, On-
tario filoffOSfl

Return re dismissal of Samuel English,
Canal Bridgetender, Cardinal, On-
tario : Ohhhhh

Rctairn re dismissal of Edwd. F. Moran,
Locktender at Cardinal, Ontario. ...Glt'tm

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

D

Return re dismissal ofiWm. R. Fou-
gere, FranlsTille, N. S., Sectionman
on I. C. Ry Gljjjjj

Return re dismissal of John Melan-
son, Afton, N. S., Sectionman on
I. C. Ry eikkkkh

Return re dismissal of Ronald D. Mc-
Donald, Fishery Overseer, Broad
Cove, N. S 6111111

Return re dismissal of John McLean,
Fishery Officer, Gabarouse, N.S.61inmm?)iii,

Return re dismissal of A. R. Forbes,
Fishery Overseer, North Sydney,
N. S 61injH7ui

Return re dismissal of Sebastien Sa-
voie. Superintendent, Lobster Hatch-
ery, Shippegan, N.B ^looooo

Re i::u re dismissal of D. S. Hend^bee,
Weigher, Reduction Works, Canso,
N. S ^^PPPPr

Eetnirn re dismissal of M. Muce,
Lightkeeper, Oheticamp Island, In-
verness Co., N. S Glqqqti'i

Return re dismissal of Dr. J. D. R.
Williams, Collector Canal Tolls,
Cardinal, Ontario 61)-i->r/

Return re dismissal of John W. Bohan,
Preventive Officer at Bath, Carleton
Co., N. B eisss..:

Return re dismissal of J. V. Smith,
Sub-collector of Customs, Woods Har-
bour, Shelburae Co., N.S 61»(i'

Return re dismissal of John Y. Flem-
ing, Customs Officer at Debec, Car-
leton Co., N.B Gluuitui:

Return re dismissal of Matthias
Meaglier, Preventive Officer at De-
bec, Carleton Co., N. B Glvvvvv

Return re dismissal of A. J. Gosselin,
Acting Preventive Officer at St. Al-
bans, Vermont Glu-wirn-ir

Return re dismissal of Jas. W.Bannon,
Preventive Customs Officer, St.
.\gnes de Ihindee, Huntington Co.Clx.r.r,r.;

Return showing number of Positmast-
ers dismissed in Pictou Co., K.S.,
since 1911 and names of Postmasters
.jucceeJdng them ^^yvyyy

Return re dismissal of Jas. Murphy,
Postmaster at Tweed, Ont %\zzzzz

Return re dismissal of H. B. Easton,
Immigration Agent, Prescott, Ont.61 (Sn '

D

Return re dismissal of B. Hughes, Im-
migration Agent, Prescott, Ont.... 61 (6b)

Return re dismissal of Geo. Walsh,
Immigration Agent, Prescott, Ont.61 (6c)

Return re dismissal of Newton S. Dow,
Immigration Agent, McAdam Junc-
tion, N.B 61 (6d)

Return re dismissal of Oliver Hemp-
hill, Immigration Agent, Debec,
Carleton Co., N.B 61 (6e)

Return re dismissal of Martin John-
ston, Preventive Officer at Rea Is-
lands, Richmond Co., N.S 61(6/)

Return re dismissal of J. E. Phaneuf,
Postmaster St. Hugues, Co. Bagot,
Quebec 61 (6fl)

Return re dismissal of Murdock, Mc-
Cutcheon, Postmaster at Sonora,
Guysborough Co., N.S 61 C&h)

Return re dismissal of Duncan Gillies,
Fishery Overseer at Baddeck, C.B.,
Province of N. S 61 (6i)

Return re dismissal of Antonio Le-
duc. Postmaster of St. Timothys,
Co. of Beauharnois 61 (6/)

Return re dismissal of Chas. Arthur
Bowman, Engineering Branch, Dept.
Railways and Canals 61(6fc)

ileturn re dismissal of Elnathan D.
Smith. Fishery Overseer, Shag Har-
bour, N.S 61 (60

Rfturn re dismissal of Donald Mo-
Aulay, Lightkeeper, Baddeok Bay,
Cape Breton 61(6ni)

Return re dismissal of John Fred-
ericks, Lightkeeper, East Jordan,
Shelburne Co., N.S 61 (611)

Return re dismissal of John Fred-
ericks, Wharfinger. East Jordan,
Shelburne Co., N.S 61 (60)

Return re dismissal of John C. Mor-
rison, Harbour Master, Shelbuirne,
N.S «1 (M

Return re dismissal of Captain Rod-
erick McDonald, Tide Waiter at
Big Bras D'Or, N.S 61 (6q)

Return re dismissal of Jas. Maloney,
Customs Officer, Dingwall, N.S....61 (6r)

Return re dismissal of Hugh D. Mc-
Eachern, Customs Officer, East -Bay,
Cape Breton, N. S GI (6s)

Return re dismissal of Thos. H. Hall,
Sub-collector of Customs, Sheet Har-
bour, N.S ■ 61 (6t)

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

D

Rrturn re dismissal of J. A. McXeil,
Customs Officer, lirand Narrovrs,

N.S 61 (6u)

!;eturn re dismissal of Geo. Burchell,

Customs Officer, Sydney Mines, N.S.61 (6t)
licturn re dismissal of W. H. Saver,

CoUeotor of Customs, Cardinal, 0Dt.61 (Cx)
ICeturn re dismissal of Capt. Ueo.
Livingstone, Customs Officer, Big
Bras D'Or, Cape Breton, N.S.. ..61 (6x)

Uiturn re dismissal of H. Lacasse,
Postmaster, Wendover, Presoobt Co.,
Ont €1 (Cy)

lleturn re dismissal of Harry A.Drigg,
Postma.stjr, Grassey Lake, Alta. ..61 (6z)

IJetnrn re dismissal of A. H. Stratton,
Postmaster, Peterborough, Ont 61 (7(i)

Return re dismissal of Henry Burrell,
Postmaster, Yarmouth, N.S 61(76)

Return re dismissal of all Postmast-
ers, Co. of Glooieester, N.B 61 (7c)

Return re dismissal of Dr. Chas. A.
Webster, Port Physician, Taimouth,
N. S ■ 61 (Td)

Return re dismissal of Jos. Lord, Light-
keeper et Pointe a la Mule, Co. of
St. Jean and Iberville, Que €1 (7e)

Return re dismissal of Henry Friolet,
Wharfinger, Caraquet, N.B., and
Richd. Southwood, Wharfinger, Bath-
urst, N.B 61 ("/)

Return re dismissa.1 of Jos. L. Robi-
chaud. Lighthouse Keeper, Miscou,
Co. of Gloucester, N.B 61 (7fl)

Return re dismissal of Capt. Pope,
Lightkeeper, Scatarie. N.S 61 (7h)

Keturn re dismissal of (^pt. W. W.
L?wis, Shipping Master, Louis'burg,
N. S 61 (7i)

Return re dismissal of Postmasters Co.
of Bonaventure since Oct. 11, 1911,
Those appointed to replace them.. 61 (7;)

Return re dismissal of Geo. Hines,
Lightkeeper, South Ingonish, N.S.61 (7fc)

Return re dismissal of Lightkeepers in
Co.- of Two Mountains, by present
Govt., &c 61 (7i)

Return re disiiiissal of Archibald Mc-
Donald, Preventive Officer at Mull
River, Co. of Inverness, N.S 61 (7m)

Return re dismissal of Donald Chis-
holm. Preventive Officer, Tracadie,
Co. of Antigouish, N.S 61 (7;i)

D

Return re dismissal of Ednd. C. Hum-
phreys, of Inland Rev. Dept., of
Trenton, N.S., and appointment of

successor C] (7o)

Return re dismissal of H. J. lixott,
Pojt Physician. Arichat, (io. of Rich-

nioud, N.S til (7p)

Ret 111 n re dismissal of D. Morin, Post-
master of St. Pie de Bagot, Co. of

Bagot, Quebec (;] {7q)

Return re dismissal of Ernest Paquin,
Postma.ster of St. Cecile de Levrard,

Nicolet Ck)., Quebec 61 (7r)

Return re dismissal of John R. Mc-
Donald, Indian Agent at Heatherton,

Co. of Antigouish, X.S 61 (7s)

Return re dismissal of Joseph Day,
Customs Officer at Little Bras D'Or.

Cape Breton, N.S 61 (7i)

Return re dismissal of Duncan -McLeod,
Appraiser of Customs at Sherbrooke,

Q"«l)ec (;i(7u)

Return re d^ismissal of E-douard D.

Chiasson, Sub-collector of Customs

at Lameque, Gloucester Co., N.B..61 (7v)

Return re dismissal of Geo. F. Briggs.

Customs Officer, McAdam Junction,

N.B 61 (7ir)

Return re dismissal of Wm. A. Duan.

Lightkeeper at Green Island, N.S.61(7x)
Keturn re dismissal of Tlios. Cameron.

Preventive Officer at Andover, N.B.Cl (7y)
Return re dismissal of Jos. McDonald.
Customs Officer at Sydney, C.B.,

N.S 61 (7i)

Return re dismissal of Angus McGilli-
vray. Customs Officer, Glace Bay,

South Cape Breton, N.S 61 (8o)

Return re dismissal of Roderick Bain,
Boatman, New Campbellton, Victoria

Co., N.S 61 (8b)

Return re dismissal of W. A. Scott,

Lockmaster at Cardinal, Ont.. ..61 (8c)
Return re dismissal of Bert Johnson,

Lockman at XichoUon, Out (;i (gj)

Return re dismissal of John Merri-
field, Lockmaster, Burritts Rapids,

Ont ci (ge)

Keturn re dismissal of Neil Ciini-

miugs, Lockmaster, Cardinal, Ont.61 (8/)
Return re diimi.isal of Francois
Chagnon, Lockkeepor at St. Jean,
Co. of St. Jean and Iberville 61(8fl)

3 Ge

Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

Rplnrn re- difimissal of Neil iMoXeil,
Biidgetender I. C. Ky., Grand Nar-
rows, N. S 61 (Sh)

IJeturn re dismissal of Archd. Mc-
Kenzie, Scctionman, I. C. Ey., Grand

Nairows, N.S 6H8i)

RfluiD re dismissal of John Fraser,
Bridgetender 1. C. Ry., Grand Nar-
rows, N.S Gl (8j)

Return re dismissal of Demetrius
Criizier, Lockman, Merrickville,

Out 61 (S/c)

I'c-ttirn re dismissal of Patk. Ourssuk,

Lnckman, Merrickville, Ont 61(8/)

Rrturn re dismissal of .Jos. H.Webster,

lji)ckman, Nicholson, Out 61 (8m)

R.-tiirn re dismissal of Cj-u-us CyNeil,

Li'ckman, Nicholson, Out 61 (8«)

Return re di'^^rnissal of Michael Laugh-
tin, Bridgtman, Burritts Rapids,

Out 61 (8o)

Return re dismissal of John McKay,

Bridgeman, Becketts, Ont 61 (Sp)

Retuin re dismissal of Edwd. Proc-
tor, Lockman, BTirritts -Rapids,

Ontario 61 (Sq)

Return re dismissal of Wm. Morrison,

Lockman, Burritts Bapids, Ont.. .61 (8r)
Return re dismissal of Adam Hender-
son, Bridgemaster, Cardinal, Ont.. .61 (Ss)
Return re dismissal of Jas. Feeh-an,
Fishery Guardian at Tracadie Har.

and Savage Harbour, P.E.I 61 (8()

Return re dismi-ssal of John C. Mc-
Neil, Lightkeeper, Grand Narrows,

N.S 61 (8u)

Return re dismissal -of A. A. Chisholm,
Fishery Overseer at M-argaree Forks,

Inverness Co.. N.S 61 (8t))

Return re dismissal of Chas. E. Au-
coin. Collector of Customs at Cheti-

oamp, N.S 61 (8ui)

Return re dismissal of Chas. L. Gass,
Postmaster at Bayfield, Antigonish

Co., N.S 61 (8x)

Return re dismissal of Cyprien Martin,
of Cus-toms Dept., St. Basile, Mada-

waska Co., N.B 61 (8y)

Betxirn re dismissal of Angus A. Boyd,
Postmaster, Boyd's P.O., Antigonish

Co.. N.S 61 (8j)

Eleturn re dismissal of John B. Mac-
donald. Postmaster ait Glasburn, An-
tigonish Co., N.S 61 {9a)

D

Return re dismissal of Ale-x. G. Chis-
holm, Postmaster at Ohio, N.S.. ..61 (9/i)
Return re dismissal of John J. McLcau,

Postmaster. Cross Roads, N.S.. ..61 Oc)
Return re dismiss^al of D-iigald Mc-
Donald, Postmaster, Doctor's Brook,

N.S (ii (M)

Return re dismissal of Dan. A. Mc-

luues. Postmaster, Georgeville. N".S.6] (9e)
Return re dismissal of E. A. Asker, Har-
bour Master. Cam'pbelltou. N.B 61 (9/)

Return re dismissal of VVm. ShuJtz,
Caretaker of the Armouries, Kent-

^ille. N.S ci (99)

Return re dismissal of Dr. Freeman
O'Nei'l. of the Marine Hospital,

Louis-burg, cN.S 61 (H/i)

Return re dismissal of Leon N. Poi-

rier. Wharfinger at Descouse. N.S.61 (9i)
Return re dismissal of Norman L.
Trtfry. Shipping Master, Trefry,

J^'-S.. .. - 61 Oj)

Return re dismissal of Jas. Amcr-
eault, Lightkeeper, New Edinburgh,

^'■S 61 (9k)

Return re dismissal of H. B. ManJey,
Dominion Lands Office, Saskatoon,

Sask Gl (90

Return re dismissal of John Spicer,
Senior Assistant, Moosejaw Laud

-^gen^'y 61 (9m)

Return re dismissal of Eobt. PragnaJl,
Agent Dominion Land Office. Swift

Current 61 (^)

Return re dismiss-al of G. M. UHyott,

Dominion Land Office, Saskatoon. .61 (9o)
Return re dismisi=.als in Riding of

Saskatoon, to date, &c 61 (9p)

Return re dismissal of J. N. Poirier.
Collector of Excise. Victoriaville,

Arthabaska. Que 61 (g^)

Return re dismissal of John G. Mor-
rison, Fishery Inspector. English-
town, N.S 61 (9r)

Return re dijsmissal of Edwd. Landry,

Lightkeeper, Petit de Grat, N.S..61 (9s)
Return re dismissal of Evariste Talbot,

General Freight Office, I. C. Ry 61 (9()

Return re dismissal of Philip H. Ryan,

I. C. Ry., Mulgrave. N.S 61 (9u)

Return re dismissal of Postmasters
and other P. 0. employees in Do-
minion, from July 1. 1896, -to Oct.
1911. and from 1911 to date. Also
number of post office-s in operation
in <;ach Province to Jiily 1, lS9fi..61 (9^v)

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

Return re dismissal of Dr. Clarence
T. Campbell. P. 0. Inspector, Lon-
don, Ont 61 (9u')

Return re number of Postmasters dis-
missed in Missisquoi, since Oct.,
1911 61 (9x)

Return regarding changes in Post
Offices, or Poetmasterships, in Bona-
venture Co., between Dec. 5, 1912, to
date 61 Oy)

Return re dism'issal of S. A. Johnson,
Postmaster at Petite Rivi^ire, N.S.61 (9z)

Return re dismissal of Murdock Mc-
Kenzie, Postmaster, Millville, Bou-
lardaxie, N.S 61 (10a)

Re-turn re dismissal of Jas. Stewart,
Postmaster. Middleton. N.S 61 (lOb)

Return re dismissal of Lauchlin Mc-
Neil Postmaster, New Frajice,
N.S 61 (lO'')

Return re dismissal of Frank Dunlop,
Postmaster Groves Point, N.S.. ..61(10(0

Return re dismissal of A. W. Salsman,
Postmaster, Middle Country Har-
bour, N.S 61 (lOf)

Return re dismissal of Richd. Conroy,
Postmaster, Cross Roads, N.S 61(10/)

Return re dismissal of Abuer Carr,
Postmaster, St. Francis Harlwur,
N.S 61 (lOg)

Return re dismissal of Parker gangs-
ter. Postmaster, Upper New Har-
bour, N.S 61 (lOh)

Eeturn re dismissal of Alex. Marion,
Postmaster, Rockland, Ont 61 (lOi)

RelTiirn Relating to charges of offen-
sive partisanship against Postmasters
in Co. of Russell ..61(10;)

Return re dismissal of Mathew Bou-
tilier. Postmaster at Mushaboo-m,
NvS 61 (Wk)

Return re Names of Postmasters dis-
missed in Co. of Joliette from 1896,
to Sept. 1911, &c 61(100

Return re dismissal of T. Doane Cro-
well. Postmaster at Shag Harbour,
N.S 61 (10m)

Return re dismissal of Postmasters
in Co. of Vaudreuil, dates of ap-
pointment, &c 61 (lOrO

Return re dismissal of Mrs. Spinney,
Postmistress, at Upper Port La
Tour, N.S 61 (lOo)

D

Return re Number of Postmasters dis-
missed in Rimouski Co., since Sept.
21, 1911, &c 61 (lOp)

Return re Number of pmblic officials
dismissed in Co. of Wright to Dec.
19, 1912, ic 61 (lOg)

Return re dismissal of John R. Mc-
Lennan, Janitor Public Buildings,
at Inverness Town, N. S 61 (lOr)

Return re dismissal of Jas. Arbuckle,
Caretaker Public Buildings, Pictou,
N.S 61 (10s)

Return re dismissal of Mary Dunlop,
Telegraph Operator at Groves Point,
N.S 61 (lot)

Return re dismissal of foremen on
public works in Co. of Gloucester,
N.B., from Sei/t. 21, 1911, to date.. 61 (lOu)

Return re dismissal of Capt. Lyons of
Dredge Northumberland, and ap-
pointment of successor 61 (lOu)

Return re dismissal of Jas. McCartin,
Concrete Inspector on the ' Plaza,'
City of Ottawa 61 (lOir)

Return re dismissal of Eobt. C. Mor-
rison, Postmaster at St. Peters,
N.S 61 (lOi)

Return re dismissal of Richd. Dugas,
Storm Signal Attendant at Alder
Point, N.S 61 (lOy)

Return re Names of all officials of
Dept. of Marine and Fisheries, Co.
of Pictou, N.S., who have been dis-
missed 61 (10»)

Return re dismissal of Wm. L. Munro,
Lightkeeper at Whitehead, N.S..61(lla)

Return re dismissal of Alex. R. Mc-
Adam, Fishery Officer for Antigon-
ish Co., N.S 61 (lib)

Return re dismissal of Stephen C.
Richard, Lightkeeper at Charlos
Cove, N.S 61 (lie)

Return re Names, &c., of all persons
in each Dept., inside and outside
service, from Oct. 10, 1911, &c., dis-
missed from office 61 (lid)

Return Relating to Public Officers
dismis-sed in District of Lotbiniere,
by present Govt 61 (lie)

Return re dismissal of Miss Gertie
Lewis, Postmistress at Main &
Dieu, Cape Breton South, N.S 61(11/)

10

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1013

Return re dismissal of John Taylor
late Postmaster at Caruduff, Sask.,
&c 61 (llg)

Return re dismissal of Frederick Mit-
chell, Postmaster at Dominion,
-?^.S 61 {Uh)

Return re dismissal of Thos. J. Sears,
Postmaster at Jxichaber, N.S.. ..61 (lit)

Return re dismissal of Postmaster at
Alsask, Saskatchewan 61(11;)

Eetrurn re dismissal or appointment of
Fishery Guardians, &c., Ck). of Guys-
borough, N.S 61 (llfc)

Return re dismissal of John R. Mor-
rison, Postmaster at Oban, Rich-
mond Co., N.S 61(110

Return re dismissal of A. G. McDonald,
Postmaster at North East Margaree,
N.S 61 (11m)

Return re Number of dismissals from
Constituency of Qu'Appelle, by pre-
sent Govt, to Dec. 5, 1912 61 (lln)

Return re dismissal of David Reid,
Fishery Officer, Port Hilford, N.S.61 (llo)

Return re dismissal of Robert Mus-
grave,. Postmaster at North Syd-
ney, N.S ..61 (lip)

Return re dismissal of A. D. Archi-
bald, Postmaster, Glenelg, N.S..61 (llij)

Return re dismissal of Leon N. Poi-
rier. Postmaster, Descouse, N.S..61(llr)

Return re dismissal of Norman Mc-
Askill, Postmaster, Framboise, N.S.61 {Us)

Return re dismissal of A. T. Doucet,
Postmaster and Collector of Cus-
toms, Salmon River, N.S 61 (IK)

Return re dismissal of Mrs. Annie
Gallivan, Postmistress, Whitney
Pier, N.S CI (llu)

Return re dismissal of W. J. Paquet,
Postmaster at Souris, P. E. I...61(llr)

Return re dismissal of Postmaster at
St. Anaclet, Rimouski Co., Que.. 61 (lluj)

Return re dismissal of George Gunn,
Postmaster at French Village, P.
E. Island 61(l]x)

Rfturn re number of dismissals
from public offices riding of Mac-
kenzie, Sask 61 (lly)

Return re W. J. Code, Commissioner
in re 'all charges investigatrd
by, also Report of same CI (T-

D

Return re dismissal of D F. McLean,
Fishery Overseer, Port Hood, N.S.61 (12a)

Return re dismissal of J. Scott Nelson,
Postmaster at Louisdale, N.S.. ..61 (12b)

Return re dismissal of Jos. McMulIen,
from Post Office, Bridgeport, N.S.61 (12c)

Return re dismissal of Fredk. A. Mar-
tell, Postmaster at L'Ardoise, N.S.61 (Ud)

Return re dismissal of John A. Mac-
donald. Postmaster at McArras
Brook, N.S 61 (12e)

Return re Correspondence, &c., re dis-
missal of all officials from each Dcpt.
inside and outside service, since Oct.
last past 61 {\2f)

Return re dismissal of Edwd. Doucet,
Sub-collector of Customs, Digby,
^"■S 61 (12i7)

Return re dismissal of Mr. Le Blanc,
Sub-collector of Customs, Church
Point, N.S 61 (12h)

Return re dismissal of John C. Bour-
inot. Chief Customs Officer, Port
Hawkesbury, N.S 61 (12i)

Return re dismissal of Alei. E. Mor-
rison, Point Tupper, N.S., from ser-
vice of I. C. Ry 61(12/)

Return re Documents, &c., received
from Ca.nadian Brotherhood of Rail-
way Employees by Departments of
Labour and Railways and Canals re-
lating to dismissals of employees,

„*<= ,; 61 (12Jt)

Keturn re dismissal of Jas. Falconer,

of Newcastle, N.B., Correspondent

of The Labour Gazette 61 (12J)

Return re dismissal of John B. Chis-
holm, Lightkeeper, Port Hasting.s,
NS 61 (12m)

Return re dismissal of Epiphane Na-
deau. Immigration Agent at St.
Leonard, N.B 61 (12n)

Return re dismissal of D. J. Morri-
son, Boatman, Customs Service, Big
Bras D'Or, N.S 61 (12o)

Return re dismissal of Rod. McLeod,
Boatman, Customs Service, Big Bras
D'Or, N.S 61(12p)

Return re dismissal of D. McLachlin,
Postmaster, Marble Mountain, N.S.Cl (12q)

Return re dismissal of Abi'ani Le-
Blanc, Postmaster, West Arichat,
NS 61 (12r)

Return re dismissal of Charles R.
l.aff:;Td, Grand Cove, Richmond Co.,
><S 61 (12i)

11

3 Goorge V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

D

Return re dismissal of W. S. Law-
reiice. Postmaster, Margrave Har-
bour, N.S 61 (12i)

Return re dismissal of John K. Mc-
Donald, Postmaster at Whycoco-
magh. N.S 61(12u)

Return re dismissal of Capt. P. J.
Wilcox, Customs Officer at Louis-
burg. N.S 61 (12t))

R-eturn re dismissal of M. J. McKen-
non. Customs Officer, Glace Bay,
N.S 61 (12!i-)

Return re dismissal of Capt. John
Arsenault, Telegraph Line repairer,
AId«r Point, N.S 61 (12x)

Return re dissmissal of Mrs. John
Arsenault, Telegraph Operator, Al-
der Point, N.S 61 (121/)

Return re dismissal of A. J. Wilkin-
son, Mulgrave, N.S 61 (12j)

Return re Charges made against Mr.
H. A. Bayfield, Superintendent of
Dredging, British Columbia 61 (13a)

Return re dismissal of H. G. McKay,
Lightkeeper at Bird Island, N.S .61 (13b)

Return re dismissal of Michael O'Brien
Lightkeeper at Bear Island, N.S... 61 (13c)

Return re dismissal of J. H. Leduc,
Medical Port Officer at Three Rivers,
Quebec 61 (13d)

Return re dismissal of Patk. Shea,
Postmaster, Tompkinsville, N.S...61 (13e)

Return re dismissal of Elias Rawding,
Postmaster, Clementsport, N.S. . .61 (13/)

Return re dismissal of Chas. McLean,
Postmaster, Strathlorne, N.S 61 (13g)

Return re dismissal of Angus R. Mc-
Dcnald, Postmaster at Broad Cove
Chapel, N.S 61 (13h)

Return re dismissal of John McPhail,

Postmaster at Scotsville, N.S 61 (I3i)

Return re Conduct of J. Morgan,
late Postmaster, Village of Ailsa
Craig, Ontario 61 (13;)

Return re dismissal of Roderick Mc-
Lean, Postmaster at Kenlock, N.S.61 (13fc)
Return re dismissal of Allan (Jillis,
Postmaster at Gillisdale, South West

Margaree, N.S 61 (13i)

Return re dismissal of David Shaw,
Postmaster at Marsh Brook, North
East Margaree, N.S 61 (I3m)

D

Return re dismissal of Helen Joubert,
Postmistress at Sayabec, Que 61 (13n)

Return re dismissal of D. A. Redmond,
Postmaster at Brinston, Ont.. ..61 (13o)

Return re dismissal of Dan McEachern
Po.*tmaster at McEachern's Mills.
N.S 61 (13p)

Return re dismissal of Daniel Dunlop,
Postmaster at New Campbellton,
N.S 61 (13q)

Return re dismissal of Arthur Arm-
strong, Postmaster, Greenfield, Car-
leton Co.. N.B :€1 (13r)

Return re dismissal of Alex. Mathe-
son. Postmaster, Boulardarie Centre.
N.S 61 (13i)

Return re dismissal of Arthur Talbot,
Postmaster, Robertsville, Quebec. .61 (13i)

Return re dismissal of N. 0. Lyster,
Postmaster at Lloydminster, Sa.sfc.61 (13h)

Return re dismissal of Mrs. Maggie
(Jameron, Postmistress, Achosnach,
N.S 61 (13i')

Rtturn re dismissal of David Fraser,
Postmaster at North East Margaree,
N.S 61 (13ui)

Return re dismissal of W. Stayley Por-
ter, Postmaster, Port Maitland, N.
S 61 (13x)

Return re dismissal of Alex. McQueen,
Postmaster, Kowstoke, N.S 61 (13y)

Return re County of Berthier, num-
ber of employees dismissed in, &c.,
since Sept. 21, 1911 61(132)

Return re dismissal of Jesse L. Mor-
ton. Postmaster at Loner Argyle,
N.S 61 (14a)

Return re dismissal of Mrs. M. C.
Gaudet, Postmistress at West Pub-
nico, N.S 61 (Hb)

Return re dismissal of John P. Mac-
Kiimon, Section Foreanan on I. 0.
Ry., at Shubenacadie. N.S 61 (14c)

Return re dismissal of Mary A. Bohan,
Postmistress, Bath, Carleton Co.,
N.B 61 (14d)

Return re dismissal of Edwd. LafEerty,
Postmaster at Benton, Carleton Co.,

N.B 61 (14e)

Return re dismis«ial of Denis McGaf-
figan. Postmaster at Florenceville,'
Car'.etou Co.. N.B 61 (14/)

12

3 George V.

Aliibabetieal Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

Return re Documents re changes made
or asked for in Dept. Marine and
Fisheries, Bonarenture Co., Doc. 5,
1912. to date 61 (lis)

Return re dismissal of J. A. MoKeuzie,
[\istmaster at Ashfield, Inverness
Co., N.S 61 (M/i)

(leturn re dismissal of Jas. Bowles,
Postmaster at Alder River, X.S..61 (Hi)

Return re dismissal of Mr. Edmund
LacToix, Postmaster, P.arish of St.
.losep'h du Lac, Co. Two Mountains.
Quebec CI (14;)

Return re Lighthouse Keeper, Parish
of Repentigiiy, Co. of L'AssompWon.
Quebec 61 (Ufc)

Return re dismissal of B. C. Kanock,
late Shipping Master at Lunenburg,
N.S 61 (14/)

Return re dismissal of Ulric Thibau-
deau. Agent for Pilots at Quebec.. 61 (14m)

Return re Names of all officials of
Marine and Fisheries Dept. in Pic-
tou Co., N.S., dismissed, and appt.
of successors 61 (14n)

Return re dismissal of Capt. Freeman
Mvers, Postmaster at Cole Harbour,
N.S 61 (Ho)

Return re PuWic Officers removed by
pre.sent Govt, in Dist. of St. .Tames,
Montreal, QuebfC 61 (Hp)

Return re All employees of Govt, in
Edmouton dismissed between Oct. 10,
1911, and Nov. 21, 1912, salary paid,
&o 61 (H(j)

Return re All officials in Dist. of Sun-
bury and Queens, dismissed since
Sept. 1911; also re appointment of
successors 61 (lir)

Return re dismissal of Levi Munroe,
Harbour Master, White Head, N.S.Cl (Its)

Return re dismissal of Stanford Lang-
ley, Postmaster at Isaacs Hartour
North, N.S 61 (Ht)

Return re dismissal of Hugh R. Mc-
Adam, Postmaster at Arisaig, N.S.,
apjKiiutment of successor 61 (14u)

Return re dis.missaJ of J. J. McNeil,
at Grants Lake, N.S., &c 61 (He)

Return re dismissal of Alex. Mc-
Innis, Car Inspector I. C. Ry. at
Mulgrave, N. S., &o 61 (II u':

13

D

Return re dismissal of Archd. Mc-
Donald, Bridge Tender on I. C. Ry.,
at Grand Narrows. lona, N-S..61(Ux)
Return re Names of all Officials dis-
missed in Sbelburne ajid Queens,
N.S., from Dec. 1S96 61 (l-ly)

Dea, Edmund, Investigation into conduct
of as Overseer of Lobster Hatchery
at Port Daniel, Que Sbi

Demarcation of meridian, Hist Degree of
West Longitude, Return re 91

Destructive Insect and Pest Act 49

Des Prairies River, dre^tlging of, work
perfi-rmed, men employed, &c 13hh

Digby, N.S., Documents re purchase of
land for wharf at 203d

Dominion Lauds, disposition of between
April 8, 190.J, and 1911 52c

Dominion Lands Act. Chap. 20, Statutes
of Canada, Sec. 77 of 52

Dominion Lands Survey .\ct. Chap. 21,
7-8 Edwd. VII., 0. C. re 52n

Dominion Lands within 40 mile Rail-
way Belt Prov. of B.C., Orders in
Council re .. 52b

Dominion Police Force, Report of Com-
missioner, re number of men employed
on 79

Dominion Rifle Range in Co. of Carle-
ton, date of purchase, and from whom. 123

Donaldson, Arthur, re Homestead entry
on N. h S. W. 1 Sec. 8. Tp. 49, R. 26,
W. of 2nd Meridian, Sask 147a

Donaldson, Arthur, Correspondence re
patent far land in Tp. 49, Range 26,
West of 2nd Meridian 147

Dredging Contracts, how many let by
Dept. Public Works, during 1911-1912. 135

Dredging made in Harbour of Bathurst,
N.B., by Dredge Resligovclie J35b

iipdgins of Des Prairies River, Works
performed, men employed, ic 135b

DrL>dging at Ste. Anne de Restigouche
nnd Cross Point, Bonaventure Co.,
Qusbec 135a

Dv','(!'-,'ing. .\'nit. of done by Govt, in P.
E. I., sc-ason of 1912, ic 135^

Duchemin, Commissioner, re salary of,
personal expenses, expenses for wit-
nesses' fees, re investigations in An-
tigoni.sh Co., N.S 175

Ducliemin, Commissioner, Date of ap-
pointment of, gross ajnt. paid to, amt.
for travelling expenses, witness fees,
&c 175«

3 George V.

Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

E

Earl Grey, D.G. Str., strike of firemen,
and others employed on. 1912-1913 lU

Earl Grey, D.G. Str., In.ve.stigation into
causes of stranding of at Toney Eiver,
N.S 95(J

East half of section 27 in Township 6,
Range 2, West of third Meridian.. .. 126

Eastern Provinces, Eeturn re cause for
depopulation of country places, and
high cost of living 129

Eastern Canada Power Co., re applica-
tion to raise head of river near Coteau,
Cedars, &c 180

Edmonton, Constituency of, appoint-
ments by Dom. Govt, in, from Oct.
10, 1911, to date "2»

Electric Lighting of Govt. Buildings,
ic, at Ottawa, re name of Company
holding contract for, &c 206

Election, Twelfth General, Report of the 18

Elections, By, for House of Commons
for year 1912 18a

Employees in different Depts. at Ottawa,
and nine Province's and Territories,
who have left employment since Oct.
1911 to Jan. 10, 1913 119

Employees in different Depts. at Ottawa,
and nine Provinces and Territories,
who have left employment since Oct.
1911 to Jan. 10, 1913 (Supplementary) 119n

Engineer, District, in Bonaventure Co.,
Quebec, Report of 176

E.xpress statistics 20e

Esperiimental Farms, Report of Director
of le

Experiraieutal Farm at Ste. Anne, ap-
pointment of Mr. J. Begin as Man-
ager of rae

External Affairs 29a

Estimates : —
Estimates of sums required for Do-
miTiion for year ending March 31,

1913 3

Estimates, Supplementary, for year

ending March 31, 1913 i

Estimates, Supplementary for year
ending March 31. 19U 5

False Cove
Leas* of. .

Flats, Vancouver, B.C.,

115

Farm Labourers in Ontario, Com-
plaints against Agents for placing in,
during year 1910-1911 47

Farmers Bank, re correspondence re-
lating to action by Govt, regajding
relief of shareholders, depositors,
&c 153

Farmers Bank, Report of Sir Wm.
Meredith, Comonissionar, into a,ll mat-
ters connected with, &c ]53«

Fenian Invasion, re Petition of Firmin
Thibault, for indemnity.. ' 122

Female Labour, Documents re Revised
Statutes of Sask., Chap. 17, regarding
same 167

Fcrnie, B.C., re awarding of contract
for construction of a drill hall, at.. 197

Fernie, B.C., Documents, &c., re award-
ing contract for, also copies of all
tenders 197a

Fish Warden, Baker Lake, Madawaska
Co., N.B., claims of present Ill

Field Battery No. 10, Claims compen-
sation by owners of horses attached
to, in summer of 1912, &c 202

Florence Mining Co., Copy of Report
of Minister of Jxistice in re 142

Franking Privileges, used by Provinces
of Dominion, for Statistics 217

Forest Reserves and Parks Act, Sec. 19,
Chap. 10, 1-2 Geo. V., Orders in
Cooincil re, 56a

Forest Reserves, North side of Saskat-
chewan opposite city of Prince Albert,
re the setting apart of 192

Freight Tariffs, different, in force on
Ry. lines from Metapedia, N.B., Copy
of 105

Freight Tariffs, different, in force on

Freight Tariffs, different, Ln force
on Ry. lines froon Sunnybrae, N.S.,
ic 105a

Grand Trunk Pacific Ry.: —
Documents relating to Labour condi-
tions on, between Tete Jaune Cache,
and Fort George 166

Geological Survey Branch, Dept. of
Mines, Report of 26

Geographic Board, Report of for year
ending June 30, 1912.

Giffin, Chas. G., Isaac's Ilarbour, N.S.,
cancellation of contract with, re Lob-
ster Hatchery ]56

14

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

G

Oavernor General's Warrants (State-
ment of)

and Etang. Docnmenits in Dept. Public
Works, re harbour improvements at.
I'.vnd Etaaig, Documents in Dept. Pub-
lic Works re Tiarbour improvements at
bee, St. John, N.B.. and Halifax, dur-
ing twelve months preceding Slst of
Dec. 1912, showing domestic and
foreign

Grosse Isle, Quarantine Station, ap-
pointment of addition;! physician at.

Grosse Isle, Quarantine Station, ap-
pointment of Physician at

Guardian Life Insurance Co. re trans-
fer of, from Dept. at Ottawa to Ins.
Dept. Toronto

Gunshed or Store House for equipment
of 18th Field Battery of Artillery, An-
tigonish, S.S

Harkaway Post Office, regarding closing
of, and change of mail service

Hatfield, Chas. W.. Fishery Officer on
Tuskett River, N.S., appointment of..

Homestead Inspectors Rathwell and
Erratt, re work done by in Moosejaw
Land district

Hormestead Inepectors Brandt, Bailfoiir,
Ouelette and Sipes, on work, in Regina
Land district

Hooncetead Inspectors BrsLndt, Bailiouj,
Ouelette and Sipes, ex-penses of in
months of June and July, 1912.. ..

Homestead Inspector Miller, of Moose-
jaw Land district, expenses of in
month of July, 1912, &c

Homestead Inspectors Shields and Mc-
Laren, work performed by in Swift
Current Dist

Homestead Inspectors Shields, McLaren,
Erratit and Rathwell, expenses in June
and July, 1912

Hudson Bay Co.'s Survey, paten-t relat-
ing bo Lot Xo. 217 in Parisi of St.
John, Winjiipeg

Hudson Bay Ry., Land withdrawn from
settlement along line of, &c

Hudson Bay Ry., Purchase of land at
Le Pas for terminals of

43
203/
303/

151
72
72/

188

196

.158*
72b

218

218o

2186

218c

218<i

218e

201
232
233

I

Indian Lands: —
Sale of alleged Indian lands at Nyanza,
N.S., &c 165

Re lands sold by Cote's Baaid of In-
dians, also letters, Ac, addressed to

Supt. GenJ. of Indian Aflairs 165a

Insurance, Report of Supt. of, for year

ended 1912 8

Intercolonial Railway; —

Correspondence, re supply of castings,
and purchase of scrap iron 83

Names of employees on dining cars
of, and nature of employment.. .. 8.3ci

Relating to a strike of temporary em-
ployees on, at Halifax, N.S 836

Respecting an inquiry concerning an
accident on, at St. Andre, Que.. .. &3c

Inquiry and copy of evidence taken by
Superintendent of, in reference to
A. Laugnay 53,^

Relating to construction of a branch
line of into Guysborough Co., N.S.. 83c

Relating to transportation of hay over
for farmers of Antigonish Co., N.S. 83/

Relating to supply of ice for use of at
Mulgrave, N.S S3g

Relating to Documents on file in Dept.
of Railways regarding public wharf
at Sackville, N.B &3/i

Relating to Tender for supply of cast-
ings for, during present year.. .. 83t

Showing how many kegs of nails were
purchased for in 1912 83;

Showing amounts received for freight
and passengers for 12 months, years
1910, 1911, 1912 83fc

Be Water p«pply system at Dorches-
ter Station, N.B 63i

Re Case of M. L. Tracy of Mechanical
Dept. of I. C. Ry., ic 83m

Re Statement of amounts collected by
I.C.Ry. for freight on Hay from Am-
hert oonsdgned to Whiddem & Son . . 83:1

Re proposed reduction of working
hours for employees on I. C. Ry. at
Moncton, or other points on.. .. 83<>

Be correspondence made by Sydney,
N.S., Board of Trade, re better and
increased facilities, on Sydney divi-
sion 83p

Be claim for damages for death of son
of Thos. Hoare, killed at crossing of
I. C. Ry., SteUarton, N.S 83a

15

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

I
Re collision at St. Moise in Fn'). 1013.
between trains of E. Sniitb n^d regu-
lar No. 99 83''

Ivolurn re names, occupations, ic, of
all employees of I. C. Ry., dismissed
in Co. of Rimouski, since September

21. 1911. ('?fe also dismissals) 83s

Copy of Report of Privy Council of
May 5, 1913, re appointment of F.

P. Gnut&lins 83<

Documents in Dept. of Postmaster
General, re mail facilities between
Moncton, N.B., westward toward St.
John, and between Moucton and
Springbill Junction, N.S., and otbcr

points ^^"

Return re contract for construction of
any cars for I. C. Ry., since Jan. 1,

1913, &c ^^^'

All amounts collected by* for freight
on Hay from Amherst, &c., to .\n-
tigonish. in Jan., Feb. and March,

last 83u,

Immigrants coming into Canada year
ending March 31, 1913, inspected by

Govt. Medical Inspectors, &c 160a

InterprovinciaJ Bridge, proposed, be-
tween Hawkesbury, Out., and Gren-

ville. Que 220

Icebergs and land. Report on the in-
fluence of on the temperature of the

sea 21C

[ceton, Wm., of Purcell's Cove, claim ot
for return of a boat by Dept. of Mar-

144
ine '

Immigration, Report of Inspector of
Agents re placing of Immigrants, also
Report re placing of in Ontario and
Quebec during years 1910 and 1911.... 46

Immigration Office at Boston, U.S., re
closing of in 1911, &c 84

Immigrants, number of who settled in
Canada in 1911-1912, and from where.. 160

ImperiaJ Defence, representations of the
Committee on 83

Imports and Exports of Canada with
Great Britain, U. S.. Australia and
New Zealand, during year ending
March 31, 1912, in Agricultural pro-
ducts, &c 152

Increase in prices charged Canadian
Fishermen for Manilla Cord, &c.. .. 185

Indian Affairs, Report of Department
of

Indians of Micmac Reserve of Ste. Anne,
.\mount paid for Medical attendance,
ic

Indians of B.C., Claims put forth on be-
half of, &c.. Report of Jas. ?<IcKenua
on

Indians of B.C., Correspondence, Orders
in Council re claims of, between Govt,
rf B.C. and Dom. Govt., &e

Indian Reserves of B.C., Commission
appointed to investigate

Industrial Disputes

Influence of Icebergs and Land, on the
temperature of the sea., &c

Inland Revenue:—

(Part I) Excise

(Part II) Weights and Measures, &c.
(Part IiII) Adiilteriition of Food.s, &c.

Insurance Companies, Abstract of State-
ments of for year ended 1912

Insurance Rates between Canadian At-
lantic Ports, and Ports in United
Kingdom

Interior, Report of Department of.. ..

Internal Economy, Report of Commis-
sioners of for preceding year, &c.. ..

Investigation at Port Daniel West, Que..
into conduct of Edmund Dea, &c.. ..

International Waterways, Report of

Commission on, &c

Isle Verte, Co. of Temiscouata, re placing
of a light on Wharf at

Japan, Treaty of Commerce and Navi-
gation between United Kingdom and..

Japan, Memo, of Consul General for.
respecting regulation of emigration
from Japan to Canada

Justice, Report of Department of

27

164

159

159a

88
3fiii

21<-

12
13
14

89 •
25

58

95

19o

193

190

190ii
34

K

Ktewatin Territory, School System esr
tablishcd in portion of annexed to
Manitoba 168

KiUy. F. W., M.D., appointment of by
Govt, as Port Physician at Bridge-
water, N.S.. 72h

Kitsilano Indian Reserve, Documents -
dated since January 1, 1912, relating
to 159d

IG

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1013

K

Kraut Point, Lunenburg Co., N.S., re
papers regarding construction of wharf
at.. ..- 179a

Land, area of thrown open for pre-emp-
tion &c., in ProTS. of AJberta and Sask.
since Oct. of 1908, &c 172

Land, one mile in width along line of
Hudson Bay Ey., withdrawn from set-
tlement, &c 232

Laurentides, construction of Public
Building at, &c 207a

Labour, Report of Department of.. .. 36

Labour Gazette, The, names, profes-
sions, residences, &c., of correspond-
ents of 199

Lake Timiskaming, construction of a
dam at foot of, for storage purposes. . 120

Lake Timi.skaming Dam, construction

of in 1908 and 1909 120a

Lauzier, Arsene, of Aniqui, Que., In-
quiry made as to accident to horse of. 146

Laugnay, evidence taken at inquiry in
reference to 63(i

Lehoeuf, .iurile, cancellation of lease
No. 18778, by Minister of Rys 80

Librarians, Joint, Eeiwrt of, for 1912.. 33

Lighthouse Keepers, List of removed by
presettt Govt, in Co. of Two Moun-
tains 61 (11)

Liquor, Reiturn re Section 88, Chap. 62,
R. S.. respecting amount of brought
into N. W. Territories of Canada, &c. 112

Levis, Dry Dock at, aJso Port of Quebec,
Papers, &c., re construction of at.. .. 204b

Levis, Dry Dock of. Report of Mr. Chas.
Smith against Sampson et al 201a

Lena, Jean Baptiste, and his wife, re
work done at public buildings at Val-
leylield. Que 136

Lieut. Governors of different Provinces
of Canada, instructions sent with Com-
missions 143

List of Shipping, issued by Dept. of Mar-
ine and ri&heries for year 1912.. .. 216

Little Manitou Lake, Sask., Memo, re
certain area transferred to town of
Wateroue, &o 219

Lobster Hatchery, establishment of at
Spry Bay, Halifax Co., N.S 66

Lot No. 217 of the Hudson Bay Go's.
Survey in Parish of St. John, Winni-
peg 201

43849—2 17

M

Militia and Defence: —
Report of Militia Council year ending

March 31, 1912 35

Copies of Gen. Orders promulgated to
Militia between iNov. 2 and iNov. 5,

1911 68

Purchase of, and subsequent repairs to

a private car by Dept. of 163

Militia or regular forces, date of first
call to aid of Civil authorities, called
since, &c 127

Marine and Fisheries, Report of Dept.,
(Marine) 21

Marine and Fisheries, Report of Dept.,
(Fisheries) 22

Mastin, Miss, re presentation of certain
chinaware to Govt, by, &c 198

Mayflower, Steamer, investigation re
wreck of in November, 1912, &c.. .. 95b

Medicine Hat, Alta., re correspondence
respecting transfer of ' Police Point
Reserve,' to 145

Medical Attendance, &c., on Canadian
boat fishermen 64

Melanson, Jos., clerk at Bathurst, N.B.,
alleged defalcation in accounts of.. 103

Memo, of Consul General of Japan re
regulation of emigration from Japan
to Canada 190a

Memorial presented to Govt, by Delega-
tion from Govt, of P. E. Island, re
subsidy 121

Meunier, Chas., ex-collector of Customs
at Marieville, Que., re a claim of . . . . 157

Mexico, Return re correspondence be-
tween Dept. Trade and Commerce, re
closing of ofiice of Trade Commis-
sioner in, &c Ill

Militia, Return showing when regu-
lar force first called out in Canada,
&c 127

Mines Branch, Department of Mines,
(Report) 26a

Miscellaneous Unforeseen Expenses.. .. 39

Molasses imported into Canada from
British West Indies for year ending
March 31, 1912, under Trade agreement
with, &c 74,

Monk, Hon. Mr., letter of resignation,
&c .• 75

Moore, W. F., Lieut.-Col., 20th Kegt.
Haltou Rifles, re resignation of.. .. 113

George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

M
Moral Instruction in Canadian Public

Schools, Keport hy Mr. J. A. M.

Aikins

Mulgrave, N.S., and Cheticamp, K.S.,

S'.eam Service between, in years 1910-

1911, 1911-1912 and 1912-1913

Murray, Sir Geo., Report of on Organi-
zation of Public Service of Canada..
Macdonald, John, appt. of as Inspector

Inland Revenue. Maritime Provinces.
Marine Hospital at Pictou, N.S., corrn-

spondence re disposition of to any

corporation or persons, &c

Mails and Mail Contracts;^

Mail Contracts cancelled in liona-
venture Co., since Oot. 1, 1911.. ..

Rural Mail Delivery routes establish-
ed since Oot. 1. 1912

Mail contract, cancellation of between
Postmaster General and Mr. Bee-
man

Mail Contract for carrying between
Sorel and Ste. Tictoire, Co. of Riche-
lieu

Mail Contract for carrying between
Heathertcn and Guysborough, N.S.,
for 1912

Rural Mail between Salt Springs and
West River Station

Rural Mai! between Merigonish Sta-
tion and Arisaig, Pictou Co., N.S..

Contract for carrying mails between
Linwood Station and Linwood P.O.

Correspondence re Railway Mail Ser-
vice in Bonaventure Co., from Oct.
1911 to date

Contracts for carrying mails between
St. Andrew and Beauley, Co. of An-
tigonish, N.S

Changes made in contract for carrying
mails in Berthier Co., since Sept. 21,
1911, &c

Mail Contract re letting of between
Guysbojough and Charlos Cove,
N.S

Names of various Ry. Mail Clerks in
Montreal and Quebec divisions,
&c

Contract between P. 0. Dept. and Ont.
Kquipraent Co., re purchase of locks
for mail bags

Re correspondente, &c., between Post-
master General and Dr. Faucher,
respecting patent lock for mail bags.

96

222n
57a

72y

1.55

62
62a

62()

C2c

62d
62e
62/
62fl

62h

62 1

62;

62,'c

62/

62TO

62»

18

M

Correspondence between Postmaster
General and Mr. Aime Dion, Que.,
re patent lock for mail bags 62o

Documents in possession of P. O. Dept.
re carrying of mails between Lin-
wood and Grosvenor, Guysborough
Co., N.S 62p

Names of 'Mail Carriers in Co. of
Vaudreuil and Soulanges, amount
of each contract, &c 62g

Xumljer of Posit OfTices in Co. of Yaj-
mouth, N.S., not served with daily
mail, &c.. 62r

Contracts re purchase of Rural Mail
delivery boxes, made by P. O. Dept.
since 1908, until Jan. 1, 1912 62s

.Names of Post Offices and Postmasters
in Counties of Soulanges and Vau-
dreuil 62J

Mail Routes, Rural, es'tab.lished in Pic-
tou Co., N.S., since Oot. 1911 62u

Re purchase of new locks for mail bags
by P. 0. Dept., from Ont. Equip-
ment Co., &c 62t)

Re Contract for carrying mails be-
tween Post Office and C. P. R. Sta-
tion at Three Rivers, Que. since
Oct. 1911 62w

Re cancelled contract of M. E. Bougie
for carrying mails between P. 0.,
and Ry. Station, Bromptonville,
Quebec 62x

Mc

McKelvey, Jas., of town of Sarnia, ap-
plication of for Fenian Raid Bounty. 128

McKenzie, General, Documents, &c., re
resignation of 75b

N

Nadeau, Louis, appointment of as Post-
master at St. Christine, Co. of Bagot. 72«
National Gallery of Canada, Return re
acquisition of Paintings, &c., names

of Artists, &c., since 1891 121

Navy, Royal Canadian:—
Award of Comjiensation to men be-
longing to 48

Naval Service, Report re 33

Copies of plans in Tenders of Messrs.
Cammel, Laird & Co., re construc-
tion of ships for Canadi.in Navy.. 4841
T iiders for ships of War of Canada- 60

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

N

Navel Ca'dets, ajnendment to the re-
gulations for entry of. Copy of
0. C. re 4SI>

Northeast i 14-75-15-5, Documents re dur-
ing years 1911, 1912, 1913 to date.. .. 187e

Northumberland Strait, Reports in con-
nection with Tides and Currents of.. 86

North i of S. West k Sec. 8, in Tp. 49,
Kange 26 West of 2nd Meridian, Memo.
re patent for 147

North Bay to Sturgeon Falls. Ont., re
construction of a highway road from. 178

Northwest of 30-25-7-2, Documents re-
lating thereto 1786

Northwest quarter se<;"tioJi, 29-10-18, W,
re documents connected with sale of. 187d

Nyanza, Cape Breton Co., N.S., sale of
alleged Indian lands at 165

O

Otean Mails Passenger and Freight
Steamship Service between Canada and
Great Britain, and Great Britain and
Canada, Articles of agreement for said
service, with contract for, &c 194

Official Statistics of Canada, Report of
Departmental Commission 77 & 90

Oil Paintings, Subjects of, which have
become the property of the National
Gallery of Canada ^ 121

Ontario, Prov. of, respecting extension
of boundaries of 101

Ontario and Quebec, area of Territories
added to by Statutes of 1912 184

Ordinances of the Yukon Territory,
(year 1912) 51

Ordinances of the Yukon Territory,
(year 1913) 225

Orders in Council re seizure of horses
from John Gobel, for smuggling same
across to United States 212

Ottawa Improvement Commission, (Re-
port of) 42

Ottawa River, Amount of money ex-
pended on improving channel of,
between Hull and vUlage of Masson. 137

Ottawa, Properties purchased in, by
Govt. North of Wellington and West
of Bank Sts 177

Patent Numiber 142823, Petitions, plans,

&c., in Patent Branch 214

43849— 2i 19

Patent for N. i of S. W. i of Sec. 8,
Township 49, Range 26, W. of 2nd
Meridian to Arthur Donaldson

Paintings, Oils and Water Colours ac-
quired by Govt, since 1891, for Na-
tional GalJery

Petite Riviere Breakwater. N.S.. Docu-
ments, pay rolls, accounts, &c., con-
nected with

Peace Conference, International, re con-
sideration of first century of peace be-
tween United States and British Em-
pire

Port Daniel W&st, Que., Investigatio-n
into conduct of Edwd. Dea, Guardian
of I/obster Hatchery there

Prince Edward Island, Govt, of. Mem-
orial re a delegation from, asking in-
crease of Prov. Subsidy

Privy Council, Report of re contract
for Ocean Mail. Passenger, Freight
Service, between Canada and Great
Britain, &c

Prosecutions, &c., against Saml. Stew-
art, Melvin Hart and others for in-
fraction of Fisheries Act, also charge
against Rod. Martin, &c

Properties purchased by Govt, north of
WcJ.lington St., and west of Bank St.,
in City of Ottawa, to Jaji. 31, 1913. *c.

Peace River District, Amount of Seed
Grain smpplied to settlers in, during
years 1912-1913, &c

Pilotage Commission of Quebec, Report
of

Piilotage and its administration in Dis-
tricts of Montreal and Quebec, also
letter from Commissioner Ajutor La-
chance, &c

Police Point Reserve, transfer of pro-
perty known as, to City of Medicine
Hat

Portsmouth Penitentiary, re names of
keepers dismissed, and upon whoso re-
commendation they were reinstated,
&c

Portsmouth Penitentiary, names of Dis-
cipline Officers, dates of appointments,
&c

Pomket River, Antigonish Co., N.S., re
closing of Post Office at

Pommiuville, Dr., appointment of as
Surgeon of St. Vincent de Paul Peni-
tentiary

147

12]

203

229

124
194

14 lb

177

20O
186

191c
145

174

174a
158

72«i

3 Georee V".

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers

A. 1913

P

Post Offices opened in Bonaventurc Co.,
since Oct. 11, 1911, names of postmas-
ters, &c 63

Postmaster General, (Report) 21

Preferential Tariff, between Govt, of
Canada, and Commonwealth of Aus-
tralia ^

Proposals to supply medicine to Can-
adian boat fishermen CI

Public Accounts 2

Public Works, Eeport of Department of. 19
Public Service Commission, Report of.. 57
Public Works Dept., Order for goods
given by, since Oct. 1, 1911, at Mont-
real, Halifax, St. John, N.B 133

Public Printing and Stationery 32

Public Offices, buildings occupied by the

Govt, as, under rent, &c 208

Public Service of Canada, Organization

of. Report re by Sir Geo. Murray.... 57o
Pure Food Act, re date of enactment of. 70
Public Buildings at Three Rivers, Que.,

since Oct. 11, 1911, to date. &c 207

Public- Buildings, construction of in town
o£ liaurentides, Co. of Assomption,

Quebec 207tt

Public Buildings, construction of in
town of Stellarton, N.S.. 1912, Docu-
ments respecting, ic 20/ c

Public Buildings, work and repairs on
in North Sydney, N.S., 192, Docu-
ments respecting, ic 207b

Quebec Light, Heat and Power Co., Ltd.,
Correspondence, &c., re issuing letters
pa.t€nt to, &c 110

Quebec Oriental Railway, Acquisition
of by the Govt, of Canada C7d

Qu.bec Railway Light, Heat and Power
Co., Ltd., letters patent to 110

Quebec and Saguenay Ry., Proposed
guarantee of Bonds 110

Quebec and Saguenay Ry., Report of
Govt. Engineer who inspected the.. 67e

Quebec and St. Joseph de Jjevis, re most
euitable site for construction of Dry
Dock at, &c 201

Quebec and Oriental Ry., and Atlantic,
Quebec and Western By., documents
re freight, passenger, &c llCc

Quebec and Oriental Ry., and Atlantic
Quebec and Western Ry., documents
re their incorporation into Canadian
Govt. Ry. System, &c llOa

Quebec Harbour, Correspondence be-
tweeJi Postmaster General and Isidore
Belleau, re improvements

203i

Reciprocity with United States. Corres-
pondence, papers, &c., re between Jan.

1, 1S90, and Dec. 31, 1S91

Bed Point Wharf, Lot 48, P. £. I., re re-
pairs, contracts, &c., on same

Regipa, City of, re contribution for al-
leviating distress of sufferers in.. ..
Report of Mr. J. A. M. Aikins on
moral instruction in the Canadian

Public Schools

Restigouche River, Smelt and Salmon

fishing. Instructions regarding

Restigouche, Fishermen's Association, Pe-
tition of, to Minister, asking removal

of Mr. M. Mowatt. &c

Restifiouche, Dredge, cubic yards remov-
ed by, in Harbour of Bathurst, N.B.,

during 7 months, 1911, &c

Rifle Range, Carleton Co., Out., re pur-
chase of site for, &c

Railways:—
Railway Com'missioners. Report of..
Railway, Transcontinental, Report of

Commissioners of

Railway, Transcontinental, Copy of
original instructions furnished en-
gineers on Eastern Division of.. ..
Railways and Canals, Report of Dept.

of

Railway Statistics

Railway, Government of Canada, Re-
turn re Board of Management of..
Railway Line from Estmere to Bad-
deck, re building of

Railway; See Intercolonial Ry., &c.
Railway, Intercolonial, Reports for-
merly made to Board of Manage-
ment of

Railway, Intercolonial, Relating to
purchase of scrap and supply of

cwtings for

Railway, Intercolonial, Names of em-
ployees on dining cars, and nature
of employment

71

203c
189

96
131

205

135a
123

20c

37

106

20
20b

81

81a

S3

83a

20

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

R

Railway, Intercolonial, Returns re
Vale Line, corres-poTKlence askiiLg

road to be taken by, &c 109

Railway, Intercolonial, i-e a strike>
of temporary employees at Halifax,

N.S 83b

Railway, Central Ey. of Canada, re

Report made by to Railway Dept... 211
Railway, Copy of letter by Chief En-
gineer Lumsden of Trans. Commis-
sion to Chairman Wade lOlia

Rocky Mountain Park Act, Orders in
Council relating to (Chap. 60. Eer.

Statutes) 56

RoyaJ Society of Canada, Report of Af-
fairs of 50

Royal Northfwest Mounted Police, Re-
port of the 28

RoiwliuKsi, Geo. and James, Documents
re prosecution of in 1910. for violation

of Fishery Regulations 14Ia

Rowlings, G. A. R., J. S. Wells and S.
R. Griffin, Letters to Dept. Public
Works, re Public Works in Guys-
borough Co., N.S 203/1

Rural Mail! Delivery Routes established

in Canada, since Jan. 1, 1912 62a

Rural Mail Service, e.stablishment of be-
tween Saltsprings, and West River Sta-
tion. {See Mails, &c.) 62e

Rural Mail Service between Merigonish
Station, Pictou Co., N.S., and Arisaig.
(See Mails. &c.) 62/

S

Salmon River Indian Reserve, N.S., re
ludian School in, als.o appointment of
teacher in since June 1. 1912 1596

Salmon Hatchery, purchase of a site for
at Snidlope Lake, from J. B. JCichol-
son 98

SaJonon, Scuckeyes, of B.C., prohibition
of export of from that Province. ... 92

Sauve, L. A., Claim of to certain build-
ings at La Pointe des Cascades, &c.. 107

School Lands, Provinces of Alberta and
Saskatchewan, re Sale of since Oct. 12,
1911 213

School Lands, Provinces of Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta, Showing
lots sold in during year 1912, price, &c. 213a

21

S

School Lande, Province of Saskatche-
wan, sold in 1912, Correspondence,
papers, &c., relating to in hands of
Government 2131)

Scrip, Half Breed, &c., papers re issu-
ing of warrant No. 2155, certificate
No. 672 to Albert St. Denis 231

Sooles, C. R., New Carlisle, Que., Claim
of for balance of subsidy voted, &c.. 102

Seaforth, Halifax Co., N.S., Correspon-
dence re tenders, contracts, &c., re
construction breakwater at 203a

Secretary of State, RejKirt of 29

Sevigny, Mr., increase of salary of, as
employee of Immigration. Office, Mont-
real 132

Shareholders in Banks, List of G

Ships of War of Canada, Tendei-s for,
&c 60

Skinners Cove, Pictou Co., N.S., Ex-
penditures at 100

Soulanges and Vaudreuil, Names of Post
Offices and Postmasters in Counties of. 62t

South Port Wharf, Lot 48, P. E. I., re
repairs, contracts for same, &c 203o

Soutlnve.-?t, .36-16-27, W. 2, Documents
in Department of Interior relating to,
&o 187

Southwest i of 4-9-14 West of 2nd iMeri-
diaji 187a

fk>uthwest J 28-20-21, W. 2nd Meridian,
N. W. H. B., also W. i of S. E. J, 32-
20-21, W. 2. M., N. W. H. B., &c.. .. 187g

Southwest i 2-19-20, W. 2nd Meridian
Homestead, Pat. June 3, 1892, Papers
connected with claim of G. W. Brown. 187/

South West Cove, Lunenburg Co., N.S.,
Obstructions placed in waters of.. .. 99

Spry Bay, Halifax Co., N.S., re estab-
lishment of Lobster Hatchery at.. .. 66

Spry Bay, Halifax Co., N.S., re closing
of, or change of post office at 78a

StaUl, J., Assistant Inspector of Immi-
gration on Ry., re suspension of by
H. Boulay, &c 171

Stamp Vending Machines, terms of con-
tract relating to, date, &c 221

Statistics of Canada, Official, Report of
Departmental Commission on 77

Steamboajt Inspection, Report of Chair-
man of Board of for fiscal year 1912. 23

Steaimer City of Sydney, Investigation
tion into collision between, and Tug
Douglas H. Thomas jjg

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A. 1913

S

Steam Service, &c., re subsidy to, be-
tween points in Bonaventure Co., Que.
and New Brunswick

Steam Service, &c., re subsidy to, be-
tween St. John. N.B., and Bear River,
N.S

Steam Service performed by Steamer
Canada, since Oct. 11, 1911, to date..

Steam Service subsidized between Can-
adian Porte and British West In-
dies

Steffanson. Mr. V., Correspondence with
concerning Northern expeditions.. ..

Steffanson, Mr. V., Order in Council in
reference to, &c

Stewart, Sam., Hart Melvin, and others,
prosecutions against for infringement
of Fisheries Act

Stenographers and Secretaries, Return
re number, names of, and Members
of Commons for whom they work.. ..

Stream Measurements for calendar year,
1911, Eeport of progress of

Subsidies paid to Quebec and Oriental
Ry. and others since October, 1911.. ..

Subsidies paid each of four original
Provinces of Dominion at Confedera-
tion, population on which same was
based, &c

St. Peters, N.S., Acquisition or expro-
priation of land at

St. Peters Indian Reserve, Man., relat-
ing to delay in issuing patents for
lands purchased from

St. Peters Canal Impi-ovements, re con-
tract between Dept. and W. H.Weller,
regarding

St. Peters Canal Improvements, re con-
tract b&tween Dept. and W. H.Weller,
regarding

St. Croix, Co. of Lutbiniere, Que., Con-
struction of a*vharf at

St. Joseph dc Levis, re suitable site for
construction of Dry Dock at, &c.. ..

St. Vincent do Paul Penitentiary, docu-
ments re api>oiutment of Dr. Pom-
minviJle at

St. Anne de la Pocatiere, Experimental
Farm at, appoirytmeant of Mr. J. Begin
as manager at

St. John and Quebec Ry., documents,
&c., between Dept. of Rys. and Canals
re line from St. John, 'N.B., to Grand
Falls

67a

C"

65

67b

161

161a

Itlb

150

25d

67c

154

IW

148

108

108a

203b

201

72a

72e

11'.;.

St. Germain de Kamouraska, documents
re purchase of timber for construc-
tion of wharf at, in 1912 2030

St. Denis, Albert, re issuing of Half
Breed Scrip to, &c 231

Tach^, C. E., Resident Engineer in Bona-
venture Co., Que., re Reports made
by on Public Works there since 1911.. 176

Tariff Duties on imported lumber, dress-
ed on one side, &c., re arguments re-
specting before Exchequer Court of
Canada 125b

Tariff Customs of Canada, changes made
in by Order in Council sdnce last ses-
sion of Parliament 73

Tariff Custorafe on Cement, correspond-
ence between Companies, Corporations,
&c., to Nov. 11, 1911 125

Tariff Customs on Cement, adjustment
of Duty on, and all correspondence
with Ministers respecting, &c 125o

Taxation per capita for year ending
March 31, 1913, and for each of 12 pre-
ceding years. Return re 237

Technical Education and Industrial
Training, R?port of Royal Commission
on, &c 191d

Telegraph Lines under construction dur-
ing year 1911-12, in different points in
Nova Scotia 209

Tenders for Ships of War of Canada.. 60

Three Rivers, Que., Correspondence, &c.,
re erection of a Public BTiilding at
since Oct. 11, 1911, to date 207

Thibault, Firmin, of St. Denis, Co. of
Kamouraska, Que., re petition for in-
demnity 122

Tides and Currents of Northumberland
Straii, Reports in connection with.. 86

Townships 24-25, Range 27, West of first
Meridian, suitability of for Forest Re-
serve, Homesteading purposes, &c.... 192a

Topographical Surveys Branch, Dept. of
Interior, Report of, 1911, 1912 25b

Trade, Volaime of, import and export of,
between Canada and Newfoundland,
from Jan. 1, 1896, to Jan. 1, 1913.. .. 195

Trade, Volume of, between Newfound-
land and West Indies, included in
Trade .Arrangement with Canada, for
1909, 1910, 1911 and 1912 (Supplemen-
tary) 195a

22

3 George V.

Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.

A 191'

T

Trade Transactions between West Indies

and Canada 59

Trade Unions, An Act respecting.. .. 54
Trade and Commerce: —
(Part I.— Canadian Trade, Imports

.tnd Exports) 10

(Part II.— Canadian Trade)—

France 10a

Germany lOi

United States lOo

United Kingdom 10a

(Part III.— Canadian Trade, except)—

France 10''

Germany 10b

United Kingdom lOi)

United States 10b

(Part IV. — Miscellaneous Informa-
tion)—
(Part v.— Report of the Board of

Grain Commissioners for Canada). lOd
(Part VI. — Subsidized Steamship Ser-
vices) lOe

(Part VII.— Trade of Foreign Coun-
tries, Treaties and Conventions) 10/

Teleplione Statistics 20rf

Telegraph Statistics 20/

Transcontinental Commission, Copy of
letter of Engineer Lumsden of, to

Chairman Wade of 106o

Transcontinental Railway, Copy of orig-
inal instructions furnished engineers
by Chief Engineer on Eastern Div. of,

also Western 106

Transcontinental Railway Commission-
ers, Report of for 1912 37

Trawlers, Steam, prohibited from par-
ticipating in Fishing Bounty, &c 162

Treasufly Beard Overrulings (Stajtenacnt

of) 40

Twine for fishing purposes, duty payable
on, under item 682 of Customs Tariff. 69

XI

Unclaimed Balances, &c., in Chartered
Banks of Dominion of Canada 7

United Shoe Machinery Co., Report of
Commission to investigate complaints
againit 95c

V

Vale Road Ry., asking that line be
taken over by I. C. Ry 109

Veterinary Director General 15b

Veterinary Director General, correspon-
dence re requested visit to Nova
Scotia 216

Volume of trade, import and export, be-
tween Canada and Newfoundland, from
Jan. 1, 1896 to Jan. 1, 1913 195

Volume of trade between Newfoundland
and West Indies, included in trade
agreement with Canada, for 1909, 1910,
1911, 1912 „ 195a

Warburton, Lt. Col., apix>intment of as
Medical Officer at Charlottetown
Camp 72(i

Warrants, Governor General's, State-
ment of 43

Weir Licenses, Documents re, in waters
of Counties of Charlotte and St. John,
N.B 2.?0

Welland CanaJ, number of accidents
to lock gates or bridges on, during
year ending Nov. 25, 1912, &c 169

Weller, W. H., contract between Dept.
of Railways and, re St. Peters Canal. 108

Welsh Coal supply. Contract for to the
various public buildings at Montreal. 134

West Indies-Canada Conference 55

West Indies, Trade Transactions be-
tween Canada, and 59

West Indies Trade Statistics, Imports
and Exports, relating to, in posses-
sion of Govt 59a

West Indies, Documents in Dept. Trade
and Commerce re Steamship Service
between Canada and, since Dec. 1,
1912 222

White Bear Indian Reserve, Documents
re surrender of part of, &o 159c

Wholesale Prices in Canada, Report on
by R. H. Coats, B. A., Dept. of La-
bour 183

Y

Yukon, (Ordinances of), 1912 51

Yukon. (Ordinances of), 1913 226

23

3 George V. Alphabetical ludes to Sessional Paperd. A. 1913

See also Alphabetical liist. Page 1.

LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS

Arranged in Numerical Order, with tlieir titles at full length; the dates when Ordered
and when •presented to the Houses of Parliament; the l^ames of the Senator or
Member who moved for each Sessional Paper, and whether ii is ordered to he
Printed or Not Printed.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME B.

Fifth Census of Canada, l&U— Population, Religions. Origins, Birthplace, Citizenship,
Literacy. Infirmities, as enumerated in June, 1911.

Printed for distribution and sessional pap2rs.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME C.

Fifth Census of Canada, 1911— Manufactures for 1910 as enumerated in June. 1911.

Printed for distriljution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1.

(This volume is bound in three parts.)

1. Report of the Auditor General for the year ended 31st March, 1912 Yohirae 1, Parts .V

to J. Volume II, Parts K to U. Volume III, Parts V to Y. Presented by Hon. Mr.

White. 14th January, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2.

2. The Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1912. Presented

by Hon. Mr. White, 26th November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

3. Estimates of sums recjuired for the service of the Dominion for the year ending 31st

March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 3rd February, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

4. Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year

ending on the 31st March, 1913. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 10th March, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

5. Siiiiplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year

ending on 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 20th May, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3.

6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of the Dominion of Canada as on Decem-

ber 31, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 2Cth November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4.

7. Report on dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bilh

of exchange in Chartered Banks of the Dominion of Canada, for five years and upwards
prior to 31st December, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 2Gth November, 19:2.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers
25

3 George v. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5.
(This volume is bound in two parts).

8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance for year ended 1912. Presented by Hon.

Mr. White Printed for distribuiion nd sessional papers.

9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada for the year ended 1912.

Presented by Hon. Mr. White Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6.

(This volume is bound in two parts).

10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March,

1912. (Part I.— Canadian Trade). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 30th January, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

10a. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the year ended 31st Marcli,
1912. (Part II.— Canadian Trade with (1) France, (2) Germany, (3) United King-
dom, and (4) United States). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 12th December, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers

10b. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March,
1912. (Part III. — Canadian Trade with Foreign Countries, except France, Germany,
the United Kingdom and United States). Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster,: ISth
January, 1913 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

lOr. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 31st
March, 1912. (Part IV. — Miscellaneous Information). Presented by Hon. Mr. Reid,
17th February. 1913 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

lOd. Report of the Board of Grain Commisioners for Canada. Presentfcd "by Honf- Mr.

Foster, 3rd February, 1913 Printed for distribution and sessiona.1 papers.

lOe. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March

1912. (Part VI. — Subsidized Steamship Services). Presented, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

10.'. Report of Trade and Commerce for fiscal year endc<l 31st March, 1912. (Part VII.—
Trade of Foreign Countries, Treaties and Conventions). Presented, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7.

11. Report of the Department of Customs for the yiear ended 31st March, 1912. Presented

by Hon. Mr. Reid, 2Sth November, 1912 — Printed for distribution and sessional papers,

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8.

12. Reports, Returns and Statistics of the Inland Revenues for the Dominion of Canaua

for the year ended 31st March, 1912. (Part I.— Excise). Presented by Hon. M.-.
Nantel, 25th November, 1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers

13. Report of the Department of Inland Revenue for year ended 31st March, 1912. (Part

II-— Inspection of Weights and Measures, Gas and Electricity). Presented by Hon.
Mr. Nantel, 25th November, 1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

14. Report of the Department of Inland Revenue for year ended 31st March, 1912. (Part

111.— Adulteration of Food). Presented by Hon. Mr. Nantel, 25th November, 1912.

P7-inted for distribution ana sessional papers.
26

3 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8— Continued.

15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended

31st March. 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 26th November, 1912.

Prinied for distribution and sessional papers.

15a. Report of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner for the fiscal year ending 1912.
Presented, 1913 Printed for distribution and sessional papers

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9.

15b. Report of the Veterinary Director General and Live Stock Commisioner, for the year
ending 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 25th March, 1913.

Printed {or distribution and sessional papers.

16. Report of the Director and Oificers of the Experimental Farms for the year ending

31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. JJurrell, lith January, 1913.

Printed for distribution and stsiional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10.

17. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th September, 1911, (Appendix of the Report

of the Minister of Agriculture, for the year 1911). Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden,
2nd June, 1913 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

18. Return of the Twelfth General Election for the House of Commons of Canada, held on

the 14th and 21st of September, 1911. Pres.ented by Hon. The Speaker, 27th November,
-.gio Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

18a. Return of By-Elections (Twelfth Parliament) for the House of Commons of Canada,
held during the year 1912. Presented by Hon. The Speaker, 10th March, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11.

19. Report of the Minister of Public Works on the works under his control for the fiscal

period ended 31st March, 1912. Part I. Presented by Hon. Air. Rogers, 4th December,
1912. Part II. Ottawa River Storage and Geodetic Levelling.

Pri7ited for distribution and sessional maners.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12.

(This volume is bound in two parts).

19a. Report of the Commission on International Waterways.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13.

20. Report of the Department of Railways and Canals, for the fiscal period from 1st April,

1911, to 31st March 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 13th December, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.-

20a. Canal Statistics for the season of Navigation, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrana,
15th April 1913 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

20b. Railway Statistics of the Dominion of Canada for the year ended 30th June, 1912.
Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 16th January, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

27

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14.

80c. SjveiitU Report of the Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada, for the year end-
ing 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 25th November, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

20d. Telephone Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1912
Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 17th February, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers

20e. Express Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30tb June, 1912. Pre-
sented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 12th February, 1913.

Printed for distribtition and sessional papers.

20/. Telegraph Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1912.
Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 7th February, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 15.

21. Forty-fifth Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, for the fiscal

year 19:1-1912 — Marine. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 16th December, 1912.

Printed for distribution a7id sessional papers.

21a. Eleventh Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, for the year ending 30th Juuo,
1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 11th April, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 16.

21b. List of Shipping issued by Department of Marine and Fisheries. Vessels in Registry
Books of Canada, for year 1912. Presented, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers

21c. Supplement to Forty-fifth Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, for fiscal
year 1911-12, — Marine Branch — Influence of Icebergs and Land on the temperature of
the Sea. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 17th February, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional paper.:.

»

22. Forty-fifth Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, 1912, — Fisheries.

Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 5th December, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers

23. Report of the Chairman of the Board of Steamboat Inspection for the fiscal year 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17.

24. Report of the Postmaster General, for the year ended 31st March, 1912. Presented by

Hon. Mr. Pelletier, 3rd December, 1912.. Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 18.

25. Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ending Slst March,

1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 27th November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.
28

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papere. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19,

25a. Report of Chief Astronomer, Department of the Interior, for year ending 31st March,
1911 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

25i). Annual Report of the Topographical Surreys Branch of the Department of the lu^
terior. 1911-1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 6th June, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessiotial papers

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 20.

ZSd. Report of progress of Stream Measurements for calendar year 1911.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Branch of the Department of Mines, for the

calendar year 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 29th November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

26a. Summary Report of the Mines Branch, Department of Mines, for the calendar year
1911 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21.

27. Report of the Department of Indian Affairs for the year ended 31st March, 1912. Pre-

sented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 29th November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

28. Report of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden,

14th January, 1913 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 22.

29. Report of the Secretary of State of Canada for the year ended 31st March, 1912. Pre-

sented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 3rd December, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

29a. Report of the Secretary of State for External Affairs for the year ended 31st March.
1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 25th November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23. '

29b. Report of the work of the Archives Branch of the Department of the Secretary ol
State, for the year 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 2nd June, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

30. The Civil Service List of Canada, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 3rd December,

1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

31. Fourth Annual Report of the Civil Service Commission of Canada for the period from

1st September, 1911, to 31st August, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 24th
January, 1913 Printed for distributioyi and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24.

32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery, for the fiscal year

ended 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 24th April, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

29

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME Zi^Continued.

33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for year 1912. Presented by Hon. Tae

Speaker, 31st November, 1912 Not printed

34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries of Canada, for the fiscal year

ended 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, 27th November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

35. Report 'of the Militia Council for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1913. Presented by

Hon. Mr. Hughes, 14th January, 1913. ..Printed jor distribution and sessional papers.

36. Report of the Department of Labour for the fiscal year ending .Slst March, 1912. Pre-

sented by Hon. Mr. Crotliers, 2Sth November. 1912.

Printed for distribtition and sessional papers.

36a. Fifth Keport of the Registrar of Boards of Conciliation and Investigation of the pro
eeedings under "The Industrial Disputes Investigation Act, 1907," for the fiscal year
ending 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 2Sth November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers

36c. Report of proceedings under the Combines Investigation Act, for the year ended 31st
March, 1012 Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 25.

37. Eighth Annual Report of the Commissioners of the Transcontinental railway, for the

year ended 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 12th December, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

38. Report of the Department of the Naval Service, for the fiscal year ending 3l6t March,

1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 2Sth November, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers-i

39. " Miscellaneous Unforeseen Expenses," from the 1st April, to the 21st November, 1912,
■ in accordance with the Appropriation Act of 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. White,

25th November, 1912 2Vof printed

40. Statement of Treasury Board over-rulings, under Section 44, Consolidated Revenue and

Audit Act. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 26th November, 1912 Not printed.

41. Statement in pursuance of Section 17 of the Civil Service Insurance Act, for the yeai

ending 31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 26th November, 1912.

Not printed,

42. Statement of Receipts and Expenditures of the Ottawa Improvement Commission! to

31st March, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 26th November, 1912 Not printed.

43. Statement ot Governor General's Warrants issued since the last Session of Parliament

on account of 1912-13. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 26th November, 1912.

Not printei.

44. Statement of Superannuation and Retiring Allowances in the Civil Service during the

year ending 31st December, 1912, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and
cause of retirement of each person superannuated or retired, also whether vacan.;y
is filled by promotion or by appointment, and salary of any new appointee. Presented

by Hon. Mr, White, 26th November, 1912 Not printed

30

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OP VOLUME 25— Continued.

45. Eetiirn (in so far as the Department of the Interior is concerned) of copies lof all

Orders in Council, plans, papers and correspondence relating to the Canadian Pacifie
railway, which are required to be presented to the House of Commons, under a Re-u-
lution passed on 20th February, 1882, since the date of the last return, under sucJi
Eesolution. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 26th November, 1912 Not prinied.

45a. Return to lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company during tlie. year
which ended on the 1st October, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 14th January,
1913 Not printed

45b. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 27th
January, 1913, for a copy of all applications made by the Canadian Pacific Railway
Company for authorization to make new issue of stock, addressed to the Governor in
Council, and of all correspondence with regard to the same. Presented 16th April,
1913, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed

46. Return to an Order of the House of the 18th March, 1912, for a copy of all report.-

made by the Inspector of Agents for placing Immigrants, both domestic servants and
farm labourers, in Ontario and Quebec, during the years 1910 and 1911. Presemted
27th November, 1912, by Mr. Sutherland Not ptintcd.

VI. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th March, 1912, for a copy of all letters, tele-
grams and other papers in connection with complaints of whatever nature agai^nst
(Jommission Agents for placing farm labourers in Ontario, also officials connected with
any agency in Ontario, during the year 1910 and 1911. Presented 27th November,
1912 by Mr. Sutherland Not printed-

48. Copy of Order in Council No. P. C. 1275, dated 13th May, 1912, " Award of compensation

to men belonging to the Royal Canadian Navy, who may be permanently disabled
though injuries or illness contracted during drill, training or on duty." Presented
by Hon. Mr. Htazen, 27th November, 1512 Not printed.

48o. Copies of plans included in the tender of Messrs. Cammel, Laird & Company, dated
29th April 1911, for the construction of ships for the Canadian Naval Service. Pre
sented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 18th December, 1912 Not printed.

48b. An Act respecting the Naval Service of Canada." (Copy of Order in Council, No. P.
0. 126 dated 20th January, 1913, "Amendment to the Regulations for the Entry of
Naval Cadets)." Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 4th February, 1913.. ..Not printed.

49. Regulations under "The Destructive Insect and Pest Act." Presented by Hon. Mr.

Burrell, 28th November, 1912 Not printed.

50. Statement of the afiairs of the Royal Society of Canada, for the year ended 30ch April.

1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 29th November, 1912 Not printed.

51. Ordinances of the Yukon Territory passed by the Yukon Council in the year 1912. Pre-

sented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 3rd December, 1913 Not printed

52. Return of Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette, between

1st August, 1911, and 30th September, 1912, in accordance with the provisions of Sec-
tion 77 of the Dominion Lands Act, Chapter 20 of the Statutes of Canada, 1908. Pre-
sented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 5th December, 1912 Not printed.

31

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 25— Continued.

52a. Eeturn of Orders in Council passed between the let August, 1911, and 30th September,
1912, in accordance with the prorisions of Section 5 of the Dominion Land Survey
Act, Chapter 21, 7-8 Edward VII. Presented 5th December, 1912, by Hon. Mr. Rochp.

Not printed.

526. Keturn of Orders in Council which hav« been passed and published in the Canada
Gazette and in the British Columbia Gazette, between 1st August, 1911, and 30th Sep-
tember, 1912, in accordance with provisions of Subsection (d) of Section 38 of tha
regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion
Lands within the 40-mile Railway Belt in the Province of British Columbia. Pre-
stented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 5th December, 1912 Not printed

52c. Return to an Order of the House of the 21th February, 1913, for a copy of all regula-
tions issued by the Minister of the Interior, relating to the disposition of Dominion
lands between 8th April, 1905, and 12th October, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche.
25th March, 1913 Not printed.

53. A detailed statement of all bonds or securities registered in the Department of the

Secretary of State of Canada, since last return (2Sth November, 1911) submitted to
the Parliament of Canada under Section 32 of Chapter 19, of the Revised Statutes ■^t
Canada, 1906. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 4th December, 1912 Not printed.

54. Annual Return respecting Trade Unions under Chapter 125, R.S.C., 1906. Presents I

by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 4th December, 1912 Not printed.

55. Deliberation of the Canada-West Indies Conference, and Agreement between Canada

and certain of the West India Colonies. Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 4th December,
1912 Printed for distribution and sessional papers

56. Orders in Council passed between the 1st August, 1911, and 30th September, 1912, in

accordance with the provisions of the Rocky Mountains Park Act, Chapter 60, Re-
vised Statutes of Canada, 1906. Presented by Hon. Mr. Rogers, 4th December, 1912.

Not printed.

56o. Return of Orders in Council passed between the 1st August, 1911, and 30th September,
1912, in accordance with the provisions of the Forest Reserves and Park Act, Section
19, of Chapter 10. 1-2 George V. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 5th December, 1912.

Not printed.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 26.

57. Report of the Public Service Commission. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 9th Decem-

ber, 1912. Parts I, II, and III Printed Jor distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27.

(This volume is bound in two parts).

57a. Report on the organization of the Public Service of Canada, by Sir George Murray.
Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 18th December, 1912.

Printed jor distribution atid sessional papers.

58. Report of the proceedings for the preceding year of the Commissioners of Internal

Economy of the House of Commons, pursuant to Rule 9. Presented by Hon. The
Speaker, 9th December, 1912 Not printed.

59. Schedules of Trade Transactions between the West Indies and Canada, the Unite'".

States and the United Kingdom, oompiled from the West Indian blue books and sta-
tistics. Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, 12th December, 1912.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.
32

3 George V. ' Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

59a. Trade Statistics of Imports aud Exports in possession of the Government, re British
West Indies. {Senate) Not printed.

60. Return showing correspondence concerning the calling for tenders for the Ships of War

of Canada, together with copies of tenders. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 12th De
cem}jer,_ 1912 Not printed.

61. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th Decemher, 1912, for a copy of all corres

pondeuce, telegrams, reports and documents relating to the dismissal of John R
McDonald, Heatherton, Autigonish Counly, as Indian agent for the district including
the Counties of Antigouish and Guysborough, and the appointment of his successor.
Pr. sented Jth January, 1913.— Mr. Chiihohn (Antigouish) Not printed.

61o. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Dr. C. P. Bissett, Physician to th.e Indians at Salmon River, Richmond County, N.S.
Presented Uth January, 1013.— Mr. Kijte Not printed.

616. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Michael Murphy, postmaster at Point Micheau, Richmond County, N.S. Presentoa
4th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61c. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for copy of all changes,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
David A. McLeod, Postmaster at Cleveland, Richmond County, N.S. Presented Utii
January.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

Gld. Return to an Order of the House of the -tth December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
letters, complaints, telegrams, reports, and other documents in 'the possession of the
Post Office Department relating to the dismissal of John Milward, Postmaster at Stov-
mont, Guysborough County, N.S. Presented 14th January, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair.

Not printed.

61e. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents, relating to the dismissal of
Kenneth F. McAskill, Postmaster at Loch Lomond, Richmond County, N.S. Presented
Uth January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61/. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 2oth March,
1912, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, memorandums and Orders in Council, relat-
ing to the dismissal of Mr. W. W. Hayden, late wharfinger of the government wharf
at Digby, Nova Scotia. Presented llth January, 1913.— Mr. MacLean (Halifax).

Not printed.

61fl. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all com-
plaints and charges made against W. B. Langley, assistant at Lobster Hatchery, Nova
Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence relating in any way to his

dismissal and the appointment of a successor. Presented Uth January, 1913. Mr

Sinclair Not printed.

61h. Return to an Order of the House of the llth December, 19!2, for a copy of all char'^es
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Fred. E. Cox, engineer lobster hatchery at Isaac's Harbour, Guysborough County, N.S.,
and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin ir.
regard to the same. Presented Uth January, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed

3 George V. Ali>habetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61i. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all coai
plaints and charges made against Simon Hodgson, engineer lobster hatchery at Isaac f
Harbour, Nova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence relating id
any way to his dismissal and the appointment of a successor. Presented 14th January
191.3.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

eij. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Henry Henlow, chief engineer at lobster hatchery at Canso, Guysborough County, N.S.
Presented 14th January, 1913.— 3/r. Sinclair Not printed.

61k. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
H. C. V. LeVatte, harbour master at Louisburg, Cape Breton South, N.S., and of
evidence taken and report of investigations held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the
same. Presented 14th January, 1913. — Mr. Carroll Not printed.

611. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
John Cummings, assistant at the lobster hatchery at Isaac's Harbour, Nova Scotia,
and of evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard
to the same. Presented 14th January, 1913.— ilfr. Sinclair Not printed.

61m. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
W. G. Matthews, coxswain, lifeboat crew at Canso, Guysborough County, N.S., and all
evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in regard to the
same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 14tb
January, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

61n. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Joseph Shean, harbour master at North Sydney, N.S., in the riding of North Capo
Breton and Victoria. Presented 14th January, 1913.— Mr. McKenjie Not printed.

61o. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents, relating to the dismissal of
G:orge H. Sampson, keeper of the storm signal at Lower L'Ardoise, Richmond County,
N.S. Presented 14th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61p. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912. for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Alexis Vigneau, captain of the pfltrol boat at Arichat, Richmond County, N.S. Pre-
sented 14th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61q. Eeturn to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4th Decem-
ber, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence. Orders in Council and all other papers or
documents in any way relating to the dismissal of Emeri Thivierge, from the post
tion of fisheries inspector for the Counties of Prcseott and Russell. Presented I4th
January, 1913.— 3/r. Mvrphy Not printed.

6Xr. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a return showing all
the public officers of the Inland Eevenue Department in the County of St. Jean Iber-
ville, removed by the present Government since 1st May, 1912, together with th«
names and duties of such persons, the reasons of their dismissal. th« nature of the

34

3 George V. Alijhaletieal Index to Sessioual Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— ConHmted.

complaints against them, the names of the persons who brought these complaints ;
also a copy of all correspondence relating thereto, and bf the reports of inquiries in
the cases where such have been held. Presented Uth January, 1913. — Mr. Vemers.

Not printed.
61s. Return to- an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corres-
pondence, complaints, petitions, memoranda, notes of evidence, reports of investiga-
tions and other documents in the possession of the Department of Inland lievenue
regarding the dismissal of J. Fabien Bugeaud, Bonaventure, Quebec, assistant in-
spector of weights and measures in the Quebec district, and the appointment of his
successor or successors, with the names, residence, salaries and duties; also of all
documents relating to A. B. Caldwell, New Carlisle, Quebec, joint assistant inspector
with J. Pabien Bugeaud, and the duties assigned to him, together with a copy of all
recommendations for said new appointment. Presented Uth January, 1913. — Mr.
Marcil (Botiaventure) Not printed.

Git. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4th Decem-
ber, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence. Orders in Council and all other papei-s
or documents in any way relating to the dismissal of Duncan McArthur, from the
Annuities Branch, while the said branch was attached to the Department of TraJe
and Commerce. Presented loth January, 1913. — Mr. Murphy Not printed.

61 «. Return to an Order of the House of the 26th February, 1912, for a copy of all docu-
ments, letters, requests, reports, recommendations and evidence taken under investi-
gation by Dr. Sheutlifi, relating to the dismissal of Charles 0. .Tones, postmaster of
Bedford, County of Missisquoi. Presented 15th January, 1913.— Mr. Kay.

Not printed.

61 u. E-eturn to an Order of the House of the 1st April, 1912, for a copy of all letters, tele-
grams, complaints or other papers or documents in the possession of the Goverr-
ment or any department thereof, relating to the dismissal of Archibald Barss, post-
master, New Harbour, West, Guysborough County, N.S. Presented 15th January,
1913.— Mr. Sinclair :.Not printed.

Glw. Return. to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all corres
pondence, documents, recommendation and other reports respecting the dismissal of
Dr. A. Allaire as surgeon of the penitentiary of St. Vincent de Paul, and also respecc-
ing the payments of his gratuities, superannuation or retiring allowance. Presented
15th January, 1913.— Mr. Wilson (Laval) Not printed

Glx. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, documents, recommendations and reports respecting the dismissal of
Oscar Eeauchamp as warden of the penitentiary of St. Vincent de Paul, and also
respecting the payments of his gratuities, superannuation or retiring allowance.
Presented 15th January, 1913.— Mr. Wilson (Laval) Not printed.

61y. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dismissal of
John McDonald, freight handler and checker Intercolonial railway at Sydney Mines
Nova Scotia, in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidenc-3
taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and
a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 16th January,
igi.'j. — Mr. Macl<enzie Not printed.

Gl2. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 19!2, for a copy of all letters,
correspondence, documents and reports relating to the dismissal of Allan Kinney, of
Linwood, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, a sectionman on the Intercolonial rail-
43S49— 3i 35

3 George V. AlpliaBetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

vray, and for a statement in detail of the expenses in connection with the investiga-
tion of the charges against him. Presented 16th January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholih
(Antigo7tish) A'of printed.

61aa. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
correspondence, documents and reports relating to the dismissal of Charles Landry,
of Pomket, Antigonish county. Nova Scotia, a sectionman on the Intercolonial rail-
way, and for a statement in detail of the expenses connected with the investigation
of the charges against him. Presented 16th January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Anti
ginish) iVot printed.

61 bb. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
documents, reports, correspondence, &c., relating to the dismissal of Patrick Decoste,
an employee on the ferry steamer Scotia between Mulgrave and Point Tupper on the
Intercolonial railway. Presented Ifith January, 19)3 Not printed.

61cc. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Harry E. McDonald, assistant engineer at St. Peters Canal, Richmond County, N.S
Presented 13th January, 1913.— 3fr. Kyte.

61 (id. Return to an order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
papers, documents, telegrams, and charges relating to a complaint against Neil Ross,
sectionman on the Intercolonial railway at West River, County of Pictou, and of tlio
evidence taken at the investigation, of the report of the commissioner thereon, and
of all letters, papers or other documents relating to the appointment of his successor.
Presented 16th January, 1913. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

Glee. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
correspondence, documents and reports relating to the dismissal of James Armstrong,
of Heatherton, Antigonish County, N.S., a sectionman on the Intercolonial railway,
and for a statement in detail of the expenses connected with the investigation of the
charges against him. Presented 16th January, 1913. — Mr. Cliisholm {.intigonish).

Not printed.

61//. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams and other documents, relating to the dismissal of Thomas J. Gray, as car
inspector on the Intercolonial railway at Westville, County of Pictou. Presented
16th January, 1913. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

61gg. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all corra-
spondence, telegrams and reports relating to the dismissal of Colin Macdonald, of
James River Station. County of Antigonish, as Intercolonial sectionman, and the
appointment of his successor. Presented 16th January. 1913. — Afr. Chishohn (.4uli
gonish) Not printed.

61)i'i- Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dismissal of
A. T- Gannon, car repairer and inspector Intercolonial railway at North Sydney, Nova
Scotia, in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken
and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a
detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 16th January.

l9l3.~Mr. McKemie Not printed.

SO

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^— Continued.

61u. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
correspondence, documents, and reports relating to the dismissal of Huber Mjatte,
Tracadie, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, a sectionman on the Intercolonial railway
and for a statement in detail of the expenses connected with the investigation of the
charges against him. Presented ISth January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm {A.nUgonisli.) .

Not p7-inted.

61j7- Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
correspondence, documents, and reports relating to the dismissal of John McDonnell,
Afton Station, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, a sectionman on the Intercolonial
railway, and for a statement in detail of the expenses connected with the investiga-
tion of the charses asaiust him. Presented 17th January. 1913. — Mr. ChisJiolm (Anti-
gonish) Not printed.

Slkk. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1911, for a copy of all letters,
correspondence, documents and reports relating to the dismissal of William Landry,
of Pomket, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, a section foreman of the Intercolonial
railway, and for a statement in detail of the expenses connected with the investiga-
tion of the charges agaiut him. Presented 17th January, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm {.inti
goiiish) Not printed.

Gill. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charge--,
correspondence, telegrams and other documents relative to the dismissal of D. J.
McDougall, ieetion foreman. Intercolonial railway. Grand Narrows, Nova Scotia, in
the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report
of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement
of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. McKerizie.

Not printed.

61mm. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Dan. A. Coffey, lockman at St. Peter's canal, Richmond County, N.S., and of
the evidence taken and of the reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in
regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation; and
a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Also, for a copy of
all charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the
dismissal of W. A. McNeil, lockman at St. Peter's canal, Richmond County, N.S.,
and of the evidence taken and of the report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin
in regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation;
and a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented 17ta
January, 1913.— Mr. Kyle Not printed.

G\na. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charge-j,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal o?
John P. Meagher, foreman deckhand on steamship Scotia, Mulgrave, Guysborough
County, N.S., and of all evidence taken and reports of investigation held by "H. P.
Duchemin, in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such
investigation. Presented 17th January, 19;3.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

61(10. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams, evidence taken, reports, &c., and of all correspondence between the Pose-
master General and officers of bis department, and James Gibson, ex-postmaster of
Alameda, Sask., in connection with the instructions sent him to hand the office over

to E. Cronk. Presented 17th January, 1913.— Mr. Turriff.. Not printed.

61pp. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
documents and correspondence relating to the dismissal of Cajitain C. E. Miller from
the 7Dth Rfgiment. Presented 17th January, 1913.— Mr. Made in {Halifax).

Not printed.

37

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 27— Continued.

6I97. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, letters and telegrams relating to the dismissal of J. N. N. Poirier, collector
r)f excise at Victoriaville, Quebec, and also of the inquiry made by N. Garceau, bj
the Minister of Inland Revenue, and especially of two affidavits given by Ludger
Frechette and Joseph Faucher. Presented 17th .Tanuary. 1913. — Mr. BrouiUard.

Not pr'niled.

61rr. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charge*
correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dismissal of
Abraham Astephen, of North Sydney, N.S., interpreter Immigration Department at
North Sydney, N.S., in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented
17th January, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie Not printed.

Blss. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4th Decem-
ber. 1912, for a copy of all correspondence. Orders in Council, and all other papers 01
documents in any way relating to the dismissal of Robert Dow from the Immigratior
Branch of the Department of the Interior at Ottawa. Presented 17th January, 1913.
— Mr. Murphy Not printed.

Gltt. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
documents, correspondence, &c., relating to the dismissal of John Ware of the Immi-
gration Branch of the Interior Department at Halifax, N.S. Presented 17th January,
1913. — Mr. Maclean {Halifax) Not printed.

6l«u. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges
correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dismissal of
Richard Hickey, agent Immigration Deixirtment at North Sydney, Nova Scotia, in
the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report
of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same, and a detailed etato-
ment of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 17th January, 19!3.~1fr.
McKeuzie Not printed.

61i!B. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges
correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dismissal of
Dr. J. W. McLean, of North Sydney, N.S., medical examiner, Immigration Depart
raent at North Sydney, N.S., in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. I'r
sented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie Not printed.

filiru^ Return to an Order of tho House of the Uth December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of John A. McRea, lightkeeper, at Margaree Island, Inverness County, Nova
Scotia, of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in
regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Presented 17lh January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm {Inverness) Not printed.

Clxx. Return to an Order of tho House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismiss^al of
Thomas Brymer, lightkeeper at Lower L'Ardoise, Richmond County, N.S. Presented
17th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

Glyy. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all chargejv
corrpspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Dominique Boudrot, buoy contractor, at Petit de Grat, Richmond County, N.S. Pre-
sented 17th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

38

3 George ,V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

COITTENTS OF VOUJME 27— Continued.

Glzz. Return to an Ordef of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all charge.*
corresponilenoe, letters, telegrtvms and other documente concerning the dismissal oi
Frederick F. Doucet, keeper of the lighthouse at the entrance of the harbour of Cara-
qnnt. County of Gloucester, and the nomination of his succsssor. Presented 17th
January, 1913. — Mr. Turgeon Not printed.

61aan. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy ofl all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of W. H. Henlow, keeper of storm drum, Liscomb, Guysborough County, N.S.
Presented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

eibbb. Return to an Order of the House of the +th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal or
David Falconer, lightkeeper at Cariboo Island, County of Pictou. Presented 17th
January, 1913.— Mr. Mucdonald Not printed.

Gibbb. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges;^
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dismissal of
M. Wilson Lawlor, harbour commissioner at North Sydney, Nova Scotia, in the riding
of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investi-
gation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the
expenses of such investigation. Presented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie.

Not printed.

Glddd. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dismissal > jT
P. J. McDonald, harbour commissioner at North Sydney, Nova Scotia, in the riding
of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investi-
gation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the
expenses of such investigation. Presented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie.

Not printed.

61eee. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a return showing;
1. The names of all lightkee^ers in the Province of Nova Scotia who were dismissed
from office or employment since 10th October, 1911, together with the date of each dis-
missal. Presented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed.

61;7/. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return showing the
detail and number of dismissals from public offices in the Department of Marine and
Fisheries to this date in the County of Bonaventure, the names of the dismissed occu-
pants, the reasons for their dismissal, the complaints a.gainst such officials and a copy
of all correspondence with respect to the same, and of all reports of investigation?
where such were held; as well as a list of the new appointments meide by the depart
ment, with names, residences, salaries and duties.and a copy of all recommendationo
of such appointments. Presented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure).

Not printed.

Glggg. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dii
missal of H. L. Tory, fishery officer at Guysborough, Guysborough County, N.S., and
of all evidence taken, and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard
to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of the investigation. Presented
17th January, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

Glhlih. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all

charges, correspondence, letters, teleigrams, and other documents in the possession of

the Deoartment of Marine and Fisheries relating to the dismissal of John W. Davis,

fishery officer, Guysborough, N.S. Presented 17th January, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair.

Not printed.
39

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61j7/- Eeturn to an Order of the House of the ibh December, 1912, for a copy of all charge-;
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Martin Bourque, lightkeeper at Kiver Bourgeois, Richmond County, N.S., and of thu
evidence taken and of the report of the investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in
regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation;
and a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented 17th
January, 1913.— .Ur. Kyte Not printed.

eijj;. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Frederick Poirier, buoy contractor, at Descouse, Richmond County, N.S. Presented
17th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyic Mot printed.

Glkkk. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
letters, telegrams and petitions for and against the dismissal of Dr. George Pinault,
as medical health officer of the Mic-Mac Indian reserve, at Ste. Anne de Restigouche,
Bonaventure County, Quebec, and of all documents relating to the appointment of a
successor, with the name, residence, salary and duties of the new appointee. Pre-
sented 30th January, 1913.— Mr. ilarcil Not printed.

61"!. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st April, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
letters, &c., concerning the dismissal of Frederick Veit, employed by the Department
of Marine and Fisheries in the County of Gaspe. Presented 20th January, 1913. —
Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

eimmm. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 1st April, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
petitions, complaints, declarations and other documents in the possession of the De-
partment of Marine and Fisheries, relating to the dismissal of Mr. Alfred Lalonde,
employed in the warehouse of the Government yards at St. Joseph de Sorel and the
appointment of his successor. Presented 20th January, 1913.— If r. Cardin..Not printed.

einnn. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st April, 1912, for a copy of all letters
telegrams, complaints or other papers or documents in the possession of the Govern-
ment or any department thereof, relating to the dismissal of James Webber, light-
keeper. Tor Bay Point, N.S. Presented 20th January, 1913.— Ifr. Sinclair.

Not printed.

eiooo. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st April, 1912, for a copy of all documents
letters, inquiries, reports, evidence, &c., relating to the dismissal or the rtcignation
of Baptiste Desjardins as lighthouse keeper at Kamouraska. Presented 20th January.
1913.- Mr. Lapointe (Kamouraska) IVof printed.

61ppp. Return to an Oi-der of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of Angus
Smith, pilot on the steamer Earl Grey, and also of all the evidence taken at the latest
investigation held in regard to the said complaints, and of the report of the investiga-
• tion with regard to the same. Presented 20th January, 1913— Mr. Macdonald.

Not printed.

Slqqq. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Michael J. Sampson, lightkeeper at Lower L'Ardoise, Richmond County, N.S. Pre-
sented 20th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte.. : Not printed.

81rrr. Eaturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dismissal of
William Hackett, harbour commissioner at North Sydney, Nova Scotia, in the riding

40

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessioual Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

of Xoith Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence talcen and report of inresti-
sation lield by H. P. Duchemin in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the
expenses of such investigation. Presented 20th January, 1913. — Mr. McKcnzie.

Not pt'intcd.
61sss. Beturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence and other documents in the possession of the Department of Marine and
Fisheries relating to the dismissal of Hormidas Lacasse, as wharfinger on the govern-
ment wharf at Wendover, County of Prescott, Ontario, and the appointment of his
successor. Presented 20th January, 1913.— 3/r. Protilx Not printed.

Gittt. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all docu-
ments, papers, evidence and correspondence, relating to the dismissal of Geoffrey Gor-
man, coxswain of the lifeboat station at Herring Cove, Halifax County, N.S. Pre-
sented 20th January, 1913.— Mr. Maclean (Halifaj-) Not printed.

61""". Eeturn to an Order of the House of the lOtli December, 1912, for a copy of ail
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Captain George Wetmore, harbour master at Yarmouth, Yarmouth County,
N.S., and the same information regarding the appointment of Captain Wetmore's
successor, and of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by Charles Lane
in regard to the same, also a detailed statement of expenses of such investigation.
Presented 20th January, 1913.— Mr. Law Not printed.

61VVV. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 11th December, W12, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Stanley Heulow, lightkeeper at Liscomb, Guysborough County, N.S., and of
evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in regard to the
same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 20^h
January, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair ' Not printed.

Glwu-u-. Return to an Order of the House of the llth December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of H. C. V. LeVatte, fishery officer at Louisburg, Cape Breton South, N.S., and
of the evidence taken and reports of investigations held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard
to the same. Presented 20th January, 1913. — Mr. Carroll Not printed.

61xxa:. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the llth December, 1912, for a copy of aii
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of Elias M. Boudrot, keeper of storm signal at Petit de Grat, Eichmond County.
JJ.S., and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin
in regard to the same and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation;
aud a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented 201 ii
January, 1913.— Mr Kyte Not printed.

Glyyy. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a return of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of A. B. Cox, Superintendent of Reduction Works at Causo, Guysborouga
County, N.S., and of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P
Duchemin in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such
investigation. Presented 20th January, 1913.— Mr. Kytc Not printed.

eizzs. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all com-
plaints and charges made against Jeffrey Crespo, sub-collector of Customs at Harbour
au Bouche, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams, correspond-
ence aud reports relating in any way to his dismissal aud the appointment of a
successor. Presented 20th January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Antigonish).

Not' printed.

41

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61ao.aa. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
papers, charges and correspondence between the Department of Customs and all othef
persons regarding the dismissal from office of Thomas Cameron, preventive officer at
Andover, N.B., and also of all evidence and reports thereon with reference to the
dismissal of the said officer. Presented 20th January, 1913. -Mr. Michaud.

Not printed.

eibbbb. Keturn to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of L. W. Pye, customs officer at Liscomb, Guysborough County, N.S., and of all
evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in regard to the
same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 20th
January, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

61CCCC. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all com-
plaints, accusations, inquiries, reports, correspondence, and of all documents relating
to the dismissal of Lucien 0. Thisdale, a customs employee at Valleyfield, Quebec, and
the appointment of his successor. Presented 20th January, 1913. — Mr. Papineaii.

Not printed.

Gldddd. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
letters, telegrams, correspondence, reports, and other documents relating to the dis-
mis:al of Alexander Macdonald of Doctor's Brook, Antigonish County, as sffb-collector
of customs. Presented 20th January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm {.intigonish).

Not priiited.

eieeee. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dismissal of
Henry Cann, customs official and preventive officer at North Sydney, Nova Scotia, in
the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 20th January, 1913. — Mr.
McKenzie Not printed

Glffff. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all docu-
ments concerning the dismissal of Charles Mennier, customs preventive officer at
Marieville, Quebec. Presented 20th January, 1913. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

Slgggg. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th December, 1912, for a copy of al'
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams, instructions, minutes of evidence taken
and had on any inquiry investigation had, held or taken, and of all other papers an4
documents relating to the dismissal of George H. Cochrane, Collector of Customs at
the Port of Moncton, New Brunswick; together with a copy of all letters and other
correspondence between the Honourable Minister of Customs, and the member repre-
senting the County of Westmorland, New Brunswick, in this House, and of all letters,
papers, telegrams, recommendations, appointments, or other papers and documents
relating to the appointment of a collector of customs to succeed the said George H.
Cochrane. Presented 20th January, 1913.— 3fr Emmerson ?i,ot printed.

Glhhhh. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd January, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, documents, recommendations and reports respecting the dismissal of C
Michaud, postmaster at St. Germain, Kamouraska, and the appointment of his sue
CfSior. Presented 20th January, 1913.— 3/r. Lapointe {Kamouraska).. ..Not printed.

eiii'ii. Keturn to an Order of the House of the 25th March, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams and other documents, and of all complaints or accusations relating in aoy
manner to the dismissal of Mr. Emile Archambault, letter carrier of Montreal, and
a copj' of the inquiry, and of the report of the inquiry held. Presented 20th January.

1913.— Mr. Seguin Not printed.

42

3 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

•>l/i;7- Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, lflI2, for a copy of all charges,
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Norman Morrison, postmaster at Ferguson's Lake, Richmond County, N.S. Pre-
sented 21st January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

Glkklik. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of D. J. McKillop, postmaster at McKillop, Richmond County, N.S. Presented
21st January, 1913.— -l/r. Kyte '. Not printed.

GIUU. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd January, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, papers and reports in connection with the investigation recently held at
the Ste. Agathe post office. County of Terrebonne. Presented 21st January, 1913.— Mr.
L mieux Not printed.

Glmmmm. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Bertie Boudrot, lightkeeper at Poulamon, Richmond County, N.S., and of
the evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in regard to
the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of S'ach investigation, and a copy
of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented 22nd January.
1913.— Af;-. Kyte Not printed.

GXnnnn. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st April, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams and other documents and of all complaints, accusations and requests for
inquiry, relating in any manner to the lighthouse keepers of Repentigny, P.Q., Messrs.
Leon Rivest, J. B. Lachapelle and Louis Dubois, since 21st September last; also a copy
of the inquiry and the report of the inquiry held in the matter. Presented 22nd .Tan-
nary,. 1913.— Jfr. Seguin Not printed.

eioooo. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
documents, telegrams, letters, &c., relating to the dismissal of L. P. Carignan, forest
ranger in the constituency of Champlain, Quebec. Presented 24th January, 1913.—
Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed.

Glpppp. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, complaints, petitions, memoranda, notes of evidence, letters, reports of
investigations and other documents in the possession of the Department of Customs,
relating to the dismissal of James S. Harvey, preventive ofDcer, Ne-n- Richmond, Que-
bec; W. L. Kempiler, preventive officer at P<Tspebiac, Quebec; J. Herbert Sweetman,
preventive officer at Port Daniel, Quebec ; J. B. Le Blanc, preventive officer, at Carle-
ton, Quebec; J. Nadeau. preventive officer, Nouvelle, Quebec, as well as a copy of all
retommendations made regarding the appointment of their various successors and the
names, salaries, duties and residences, with a copy of their instructions. Presented
2ith January. 1913.— Mr. Marcil Not printed.

Glqqqii. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of William Marsh, preventive officer at Little Pond, Sydney Mines, in the rid-
ing of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 24th January, 1913.— Mr. McKenzic.

Not printed.

Glrrrr. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
letters, telegrams, and petitions, for and against the dismissal of Duncan McDonald,
preventive officer of customs at Athelstan, County of Huntingdon; also a copy of the
report of invt>6tigation and evidoncc submitted to investigrvting commissioner. Pre-
sented 24th January, 1913.— Mr. Rohb Not printed.

43

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61ssss. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 11th
December, 1912, for a copy of all papers, documents, orders in council, telegrams,
letters, &c., relating to the dismissal from office of Lemuel Bent, late Collector of
Customs &t Oxford, N.S. Presented ilth January 1913.— J/r. Maclean (flaii/ax).

Not printed.

Blttit. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th Deceml.er, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Pascal Poirier, Collector of Customs at Descouse, Richmond County, N.S.,
and of the evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in
regard to the same and a detailed statement of the expenses of such invesfiigation ;
and a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of -his sueoeiiijr. Prajsated
24th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61uuu!i. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams, reports and other documents concerning the dis-
missal of Donald J. Hachey, Collector of Customs at Bathurst, County of Gloucester,
and the appointment of his successor. Presented 24th January, 1913. — Mr. Tunjeon.

Not printed.

61t)t)ri'. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of Uie 4th
December, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence, orders in council, and p^y 'other
papers or documents in any way relating to the dismissal of John Maher, from the
service of the Customs Department at Montreal. Presented 24th January, 1913. — Mr.
Murphy Not printed.

tlwwww. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a .copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other docujnents relating to the dis-
missal of Peter Fougere, preventive and customs officer at Petit de Grat, Richmond
county, N.S., and of the evidence taken and report of Investigation held by H. P.
Duchemin, in regard to the s-ame, and a detailed statement of tjie expenses of such
investigation ; and a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor.
Presented 24th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

Qlxxxx. Return to an Order of Che House of the 9th Deeember, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspomlence, letters, telegrams and stfeer documents relating to the dis-
missal of James Grantmyre, preventive officer at Little Bras D'or, N.S., in the riding
of North Oape Breton and Victoria. Presented 24th January, 1913. — Mr. McKensie.

Not printed.

6l!/i/i/y. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a return showing
all the employees on the Soulanges Canal w^ho have been dismissed from their duties
fiuce the 21st September, 1911, by whom each of these employees has been replace<l,
and for what causes wera they dismissed. Presented 27th January,1913.— Mr.
B yer Not printed.

61rjjj. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all letter.->,
dcciiments, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way relat
ing to the dismissal of Andrew Melville, locktender at Cardinal, Ontario. Presented
27th January, 1913.— Mr. Proulx Not printed.

91aaaaa. Return to an Order of the House of 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
douments, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way relat-
ing to the dismissal of George' Short, canal bridgetender at Cardinal, Ontario. Pre-
sented 27th January, 1913.— Mr. Guthrie Not printed.

U

3 George V. Alphabeiioal Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21 -C ontinued.

Glhbhbb. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of N. Broderick, locktender at Cardinal, Ontario. Pre-
sented 27th January, 191.3. — Mr. Mcilillan ]^ot printed.

Glccccc. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
documents, telegrams, reports, corresp(»ndence and recommendations in any way relat-
ing to the dismissal of Thomas McLatchie, locktender at Cardinal, Ontario. Pre-
sent rd 2rth January, 1913.— Mr. Graltam Jfot printed.

eiddddd. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Elgin McLauglilin, locktender at Cardinal, Ontario.
Pre-ented 27th January, 1913.— Mr. Emmerson Not printed.

eieeece. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way relat-
ing to the dismissal of Robert Robertson, locktender at Cardinal, Ontario. Presented
27th January, 1913.— A/r. Lemieux Not printed.

eiftfff. Return to an Order of the House of the 13th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way relat-
ing to the dismissal of William L. Gladstone, locktender at Cardinal, Ontario. Pre-
sented 27th January, 1913.— Mr. PiigsJey ^Not printed.

Qigsagg- Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Byron VanCamp, locktender at Cardinal, Ontario.
Presented 7th January, 1913.— Mr. Murphy Not printed.

eihhhhh. Return to an Order of the House of the 13th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in anv
way relating to the dismissal of Samuel English, canal bridge tender at Cardinal,
Ontario. Presented 27th January, 1913. — Mr. Carvell Not printed.

61ititi.* Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way relat-
ing to the dismissal of Edward P. Moran, locktender at 'Cardinal, Ontario. Presented
27th January, 1913.— Mr. Olicer Not printed.

GTJJiii- Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters
correspondence, documents and reports relating to the dismissal of William R. Pou-
gere, of Frankville, Antigonish County, N.S., a sectionman on the Intercolonial rail-
way, and for a statement in detail of the expenses connected with the investigations jf
the charges against him. Presented 27th January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Antigonish).

Not printed.

Glkkkkh. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
letters, correspondence, documents and reports relating to the dismissal of John
Melanson, of Afton, Antigonish County, N.S., a sectionruan on the Intercolonial rail-
way, and for a statement in detail of the expenses connected with the inTestigatiou
of the ctarges against him. Presented 27th January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (.iiitigonish).

Not printed.

6111UI. Return to an Order of the House of the Uth December, 1912, for a copy of all

charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis

missal of Ronald D. McDonald, fishery overseer, at Broad Cove, Inverness iGouuty,

Nova Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held iby H. P.

Duchemin in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such

investigation. Presented 27th January, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Inserness).

Not printed.
45

3 George V. Alplinbetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

tllmmmmm. Return to an Order of the "House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of al'
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dij-
tnissal of John McLean, fishery officer at Gabaronse, C«pp Breton South, N.S., and of
evidence taken and reports of investigations held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to
the same. Presented 27th January, 1913.— Mr. Carroll 2Vot printed.

einnnnn. Return to an Order of the House <ff the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of A. R. Forbes, fishery overseer at North Sydney, Nova Scotia in the ridin},
of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investi-
gation hold by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of tue
expenses of such investigation. Presented 27th January, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie.

Not printed.

Blooooo. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all corre
spondence, letters, telegrams, complaints, petitions, and other documents concerning
the dismissal of Sebastien Savoie, superintendent of the lobster hatchery at Shippigan.
Oloucester County, N.B., and the appointment of his successor. Presented 27th
January, 1913. — Mr. Turgeon iVof printed.

Glppppp. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 19)2, for a copy of al!
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of D. S. Hendsbee, weigher, reduction works, Canso, Guysborough County.
N.S., and of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin
in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Presented 27th January, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

Olgi^gg. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of aU
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
Bilssal of M. Muce, lightkeeper at Cheticamp Island, Inverness County, Nova Scotia,
and of tlie evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in
regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Presented 29th January, 1913. — Mr. Chi%liolm (Inverness) Not printed.

61 rrrrr. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for la copy of all
papers, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way
relating to the dismissal of Dr. J. D. R. Williams, collector of canal tojls at Cardinal,
Ontario, and of the appointment of his successor. Presented 30th January, 1913. —
Mr. McMillan Not printed.

Qlsssss. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th Janxiary, 1913, for a copy of all papers,
letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal of John W.
Bohan, preventive officer at Bath, Carleton County, N.B. Presented 3rd February,
1913.— Mr. Carvell Not printed.

Blttttt. Return to .an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all papers
documents, correspondence, &c., relating to the dismissal of J. V. Smith, sub-collector
of customs at Wood's Harbour, Shelburne County, N.S. Presented 3rd February, 1913.
— Mr. Law -..Not printed.

Slnuuuu. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal of
John T. Fleming, customs officer at Debec, Carleton County, N.B. Presented 3rd
February, 1913.— -Uc. Carvell Not printed.

QXvvvvv. Return to an Order of the Hpuse of the loth January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal of
Matthias Meagher, preventive officer at Debec, Carleton County, N.B. Pre^scnted 3i'd

February, 1913.— M)-. Carvell Not printed.

46

3 George V. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 27— Continued.

Cltftrifu-ir. Eetnrn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams, complaints, and of the evidence given at investi-
gation, if one was held, refating to the dismissal of Mr. A. J. Gosselin, acting preven-
tive officer of customs at St. Albans, Vermont, through the port of St. Armand,
County of Missisquoi. Presented 4th February, 1913.— Jlr. Kay Not printed.

Glxxxxx. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of ali
papers, letters, telegrams, and petitions for and against the dismissal of James W.
Bannon, preventive officer of customs at St. Agnes de Dundee, County of Huntingdon
also a -copy of the report of investigation and evidence, if any, submitted to investi-
gating commissioner. Presented 4th February, 1913. — M): Robb Not printed.

G^yyyyy- Eetum to an Order of (he House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return showing
the number of postmasters that have been dismissed in the County of Pictou since
1st October, 1911; the names of the postmasters who have been appointed to succeed
them; the causes of the dismissals and all complaints and correspondence with respect
to same, and of all reports of investigation where investigations have been held. Pre-
sented 4th February, 1913. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

Q\zzzzz. Return to an Address to His Koyal Highness the Governor General of the 4th
December, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence, orders in council, and all other
papers or documents in any way relating to the dismissal of James Murphy from the
position of postmaster at Tweed, Ontario. Presented 4th February, 1913. — Mr.
Murphy Not printed.

61 (6a). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all letter?,
documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way re-
lating to the dismissal of H. B. Easton, immigration agent at Prescott, Ontario. Pr. ■
seuted 4th February, 1913.~Mr. Murphy Not printed.

61 (6b). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 191S, for a copy of all lettcii,
documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way relat-
ing to the dismissal of B. Hughes, immigration agent at Prescott, Ontario. Presente.i
4th February. 1913.— Mr. Oliver Not printed.

61 (Be). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all letter's,
documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any way relat-
ing to the dismissal of George Walsh, immigration agent at Prescott, Ontario. Pre
sented 4th February, 1913.— ifr. Oliver Not printed.

61 (6d). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all pape.'s,
letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal of Newton S.
Dow, immigration agent at McAdam Junction, York County, N.B. Presented 4th
February, 1913.— Mr. Carvell Not printed.

61 (6e). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all papers,
letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal of Oliver
Hemphill, immigration agent at Debec, Carleton County, N.B. Presented 4th Feb-
ruary, 1913. — Mr. Carvell Not priiited.

61 (6/). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Martin Johnston, preventive officer at Eea Islands, Richmond County, N.S
Presented 6th February, 1913.— 3fr. Kyie ^ ..Not printed.

47

3 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21-Continued.

61 (6ff). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of a'l
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents respecting the dismissal of .1.
E. Phancuf, postmaster of St. Hugues, County of Bagot. Presented 6th February.
1913.— il/r. Marcile.. .. '.. , Not printed

61 (6/i). Keturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy ofi all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dio-
missal of Murdock Mct'utcheon, postmaster at Sonora, Guysborough County, N.S.,
and of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by Mr. H. P. Duchemin, iu
regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Pre.sentpd 6th February, 1913.— Mr. 5i)icioir Not printed

61 (60- Keturn to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Duncan Gillies, fishery overseer at Baddeck, C.B., in the riding of North
Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held
by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the e.xpenses of
such investigation. Presented 7th February, 1913. — Ifr. McKenzie Not printed.

61 (6;). Keturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, foi a copy of all com-
plaints, accusations, correspondence, petitions and of all documents and reports re-
specting the dismissal of Antonio Leduc, postmaster of St. Timothee^ in the County of
Beauharnois and the appointment of his successor. Presented Tth February, 1913.- -
Mr. Papineau JVot printed.

61 (€fc). Eeturn to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4th
December, 1912, for a copy of the recommendation to council, the order in council, all
correspondence with the government or any member thereof, and of all letters, docu-
ments and papers in any way connected with the dismissal of Charles Arthur Bow-
mnn from the engineering branch of the Department of Kailways and Canals.— Afr.
Clark (Red Deer) lYof printed.

61 (60- Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, evidence, reports, letters, correspondence, &c., relating to the dis-
missal of Elnathan D. Smith, fishery overseer. Shag Harbour, Shelburne Co.unty,
N.S. Presented 11th February, 1913. -3Ir. Law Not printed.

61 (Cm). Keturn to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913. for a copy of ail
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Donald McAulay, lightkeeper, Plaister, Baddeck Bay, C.B., riding of North
Cape Brtton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and reports of investigation
held by H. P. Duchemin in regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the
expenses of such investigation. Presented 11th February, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie.

Not printed.

61 (6n). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, letters, correspondence, &c., relating to the dismissal of John
Fredericks, lightkeeper at East Jordan, Shelburne County, N.S. Presented llth
February, 1913.— Mr. Law Not printed.

61 (6o). Pvcturn to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, letters, correspondence, &c., relating to the dismissa' of Johu
Fredericks, wharfinger at East Jordan, Shelbnrne County, N.S. Presented llth Feb

ruary, I913.-Mr. Law Vo, pointed.

43

I

3 George V. Alphabetical ludex to S-essional Paijers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (lip). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, letters, correspondence, &c., relating to the dismissal of John C,
Morrison, harbour master at Shelburnp, N.S. Presented 11th February. 1913.— Mr.
Maclean (Halifax) Not printed.

61 (6(;). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 191.3, for a copy of all
charges, corre-spondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Captain Roderick McDonald, tide waiter, at Big Bras D'Or, riding of North
Cape Breton and Victoria, N.S., and of the evidence taken and reports of investiga-
tion held by H. P. Duchemin in regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the
expenses of such investigation. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Mr. McKenzie.

Not printeil.

61 (Cr). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis
missal of James Maloney, customs officer at Dingwall, riding of North Cape Breton
and Victoria, N.S., and of the evidence taken and reports of investigation held by
H. P. Duchemin in regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the e.xpenses of
such investigation. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Mr. McKenzie JVot printed.

61 (6s). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Hugh D. McEachern, customs officer at north side East Bay, Cape Breton,
in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and
report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed
statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Me.
■ McKsmie - Not printed.

61 (6t). Return to an Order of the Uou.^e of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, evidence, reports and correspondence relating to the dismissal j:
Thos. H. Hall, sub-collector of customs at Sheet Harbour, N.S. Presented 11th Feb-
ruary, 1913.— Mr. Maclean (Ualija.t) JVot printed.

61{6u)- Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of J. A. McNeil, customs officer at Grand Narrows, Nova Scotia, in the riding
of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investi-
gation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the
expenses of such investigation. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Mr. McKenzie.

Not printeil.

61 (6u). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of George Burchell, custom house officer at Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, in t'le
riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of
investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement ^f
the expenses of such investigation. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Mr. McKenzie.

Not printed.

61 (6u'). Return to an Order of the House of the loth January, 1913, for a copy of ail
papers, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of W. H. Saver, collector of customs at Cardinal, Ont.,
and the appointment of his successor. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Mr. McMillan.

Not printed.
438-19—4 49

3 George V. Alphabet ieal Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27-Continued.

61 (6x). Return to an Order of tbe House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, telegrams and other documents relative to the dismissal of
Captain George Livingstone, custom officer at Big Bras D'Or, Cape Breton, in the
riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report ol
investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same and a detailed statement ot
the expenses of such investigation. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Mr. McKemie.

Not printed.

61 (y). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for « copy of ali
correspondence, reports and other documents and papers relating to the dismissal oi
H. Lacasse, as postmaster at Wendover, County of Prescott, Ontario, and the appoint
ment of his successor. Presented 13th February, 1913. ~.Vr. Prmilx.. ..Not printed

61 (6z). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all cor-?-
spondence and other papers connected with the removal of Harry A. Drigg, from the
position of postmaster at Grassey Lake, Alberta. Presented 13th February, 1913.—
Mr. Buchanan Not printed

61 (7a). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th
December, 1912, for a copy of all papers, memoranda, orders in council, and corre-
spondence relating to the dismissal of A. H. Stratton, late postmaster at Peter-
borough, Ont. Presented 17th February, 1913.— Mr. Maclean (Halifax).

Not printe'l

61 (7b). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Henry Burrell, postmaster, Yarmouth North, Yarmouth County, N.S., and
the same information regarding the appointment of Henry Burrell's successor, and
of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by Charles Lane in regard to
the same, also a detailed statement of expenses of such investigation. Presented 18th
February, 1913.— Mr. Loir Not printed.

61 (7c). Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return showing
all the postmasters dismissed by the present government in the County of Gloucester,
the names of such persons, the reasons f -r their dismissal, nature of the charges made
against them; also a copy of all correspondence connected with it, and reports of
investigations in cases where such investigations were instituted. Presented 18th
February, 1913. — Mr. Turgeon Not printed.

61 (Id). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Dr. Charles A. Webster, port physician at Y'armouth, County of Yarmouth
N.S., and the same information regarding the appointment of Dr. Webster's suc-
cessor. Presented 18th February, 1913.— Mr. Law Not printed

61 (7e). R«turn to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of ail
letters, papers, charges and correspondence between the Department of Marine and
Fisheries and all other persons, regarding the dismissal of Jos. Lord, keeper of light-
houses at Pointe a la Mule on the River Richelieu, Parish of St. Blaise, County of
Saint Jean and Iberville and of all reports thereon with reference to the dismissal of
the said Mr. Lord. Presented 19th February, 1913.— Mr. Demers Not printed.

61 (7/). R«turn to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams and petitions concerning the dismissal of Henri
Friolet, wharfinger at Caraquet, and Richard Sonthwood, wharfinger and agent of the
Storm Signal Service at Bathurst, Gloucester County, N.B., and the appointment of

their successors. Piesented 19th February, 1913.— Mr. Turgeon Not printed.

SO

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 {7g). Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams, reports and other documents, respecting the re-
moval of Joseph L. Robichaud, lighthouse keeper at Miscou, County of Gloucester
and the appointment of his successor; also of all correspondence raspecting the
engagement of the engineer of fog alarm system attached to that station, and the
certificates required by the Minist?r of Marine, showing the competence of that engi-
neer; with the names of the new keeper and of the said engineer and their ages. Pre
sented 19th February, 1913.— Mr. Turgeon Not' printed.

61 Cih). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of Captain Pope as lighthouse keeper at Scatarie, Cape Breton South, N.S..
and of the evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, ii
regard to the same. Presented 19th February, 1913. — ilr. Carroll Not printed

61 (7i). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Captain W. W. Iiewis, a.s shipping master at Louisburg, Cape Breton South,
Nova Scotia, and of evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duch ■-
min, in regard to the same. Presented 19th February, 1913.— Mr. Carroll.

Not printed.

Ill

f

61 i'i). Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return show
ing the names of postmasters that have been dismissed in the County of Bonaventure
since 1st October, 1911; the names of the postmasters who have been appointed to
succeed them; the causes of the dismissals and a copy of all complaints and corre-
spondence with respect to same, ajid of all reports of investigations where such have
been held, with the reafions given for not holding any sucTi investigation, when not
held. Presented 19th February, 1913.— Mr. Marcil Jfot printed

61 i'h). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of George Hines, lighthouse keeper at South Ingonish, riding of North Cape
Breton and Victoria, N.S., and of the evidence taken and reports of investigation held
by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses
of such investigation. Presented 20th February, 1913.— Mr. McKenzie..Noi printed.

61 (TO- Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a return show-
ing a list of the lighthouse keepers removed by the present government in the County
of Two Mountains, the names of such persons, the reasons for their dismissal, the
nature of the complaints made against them; also a copy of all correspondence and
petitions relating thereto, and reports of inciuiries in the cases, where such have been
held; and also the names of their successors. Presented 2t)th February, 1913. — Mr.
Ethier Not printed.

61 (Tm). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of a'l
charges, correspondence, letters, tel^rams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Archibald McDonald, preventive officer at Mull River, Inverness Countv,
Nova Scotia. Presented 20th February, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Inverness).. Not printed.

61 (Til). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, correspondence on file referring to the dismissal of Donald Chisholm, of Tra-
cadie, in the County of Antigonish, as preventive officer. Presented 20th February.
1913.— Mr. Chisholm (.intigonish) , Not printed.

43849— 4i 51

3 George V. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (7o). Return to an Order of the House of the 2Dth January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, telegrams, reports and other documents relative to the dismissal of Ed\var<l

C. Humphreys, of Trenton, N.S., as an officer of the Inland Kevenue Department and
to the appointment of his successor. Presented 20tli February, 1913. — J/'". Mocdoiin/d.

Wot printed.

61 (7;))- Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis .
missal of H. J. Fixott, port physician at Arichat, Richmond County, X.S. Presented
21st February, 1913.— Mr. Kyte ,Yot printed.

61 (7fy). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents i-elating to the dismissal of

D. Morin as postmaster of St. Pie de Bagot, County of Bagot. Presented 21st Feb-
ruary, 1913. — Mr. Marcil (Bagot) Not printed.

61 (7r). Return to an Order of the House of the Kith December, 1912, for a copy of all
correspondence, investigations and papers generally concerning the dismissal of
Ernest Paciuin, postmaster of St. Cecile de Levrard, County of Nicolet. Presented
21st February, 1913.— Mr. Lemieiix iVof printed.

61 (7*). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the IVt'i
February, 1913, for a copy of all complaints and charges made against John R. Mc-
Donald, Indian agent at Heatherton, Antigonish County, of the recommendations t
council and of the order in council made thereon, and of all letters, correspondence,
and documents connected in any way with his dismissal. Presented 25th February,
1913.— M»-. Chisholm {Antigonish) Not printed.

61 (7()- Return to an Order of the House of the I5th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
mis-:;-«l of Joseph Day, customs officer at Little Bras D'Or, C.B., in the riding of North
Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held
by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of
such investigation. Presented 25th February, 1913.— 3f»-. McKemie Not printed.

61 (7u). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 29^11
January, 1913, for a copy of all complaints against Duncan McLeod, appraiser of cus-
toms at Sherbrooke, Province of Quebec, of all information obtained as to his con
duct through seizures of goods by special officers of customs and by investigation; o'
all reports of investigation; of the order in council dismissing said Duncan McLeod;
and of all correspondence between him and the Department of Customs. Presented
25th February, 1913.— Mr. McCrae Not printed.

61 (7i'). Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence, Ac, given at the investigatioii or investigation-,
and of reports of such investigations, relating to the dismissal of Edouard 1)
Chiasson, sub-collector of customs at Lameque, Gloucester County, and the appoint
ment of his successor. Presented 25th February, 1913. — Mr. Turgeon.. ..Not printed.

61 (7»). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of air
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the disnijssal of
George F. Briggs, customs officer at McAdam Junction, York County, N.B. Presented

26th February, 1913.— Mr. Cari-e» Not printed.

52

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Conlmued.

61 (7j). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of William A. Duan, lightkeeper at Green Island, Richmond County, Nova
Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin,
in regard to the same; al?o a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Presented 25th February, 1913.— -Vi-. Kyte Not printed.

61 (Ty). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of al'
papers, charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to
the dismissal of Thomas Cameron, preventive officer at Andover, N.B., and of the
evidence taken and reports of investigation held by Mr. E. T. C. Knowles, in connec-
tion with the same. Presented 26th February, 1913.— 3/r. Michaud Not printed.

61 ("2). Return to an Order of the House of the 29tli January, 1913, for a copy of all com-
plaints and charges made against Joseph McDonald, late of the customs office at
Sydney, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence
relating in any way to his dismissal and the appointment of his successor. Presented
26th February, 1913.— il/r. Carroll Not printed

61 (8a). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all com-
plaints and charges made against Angus McGillivray, late of customs office at Glace
Bay, Cape Breton South, Nova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and correspond
ence relating in any way to his dismissal and the appointment of his successor. Pre
sented 26th February, 1913.— Mr. CarroU Not printed.

61 (8b). Return to an Ord«r of the ylouse of the 3rd February, 1913, for a copy of aU
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Roderick Bain, boatman at New Campbellton, riding of North Cape Breton
and Victoria, N.S., and of the evidence taken and reports of the investigation held by
H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, with a detailed statement of expenses of such
investigation. Presented 26th February, 1913.— .Vr. Mclienzie Not printed.

61 (8c). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of W. A. Scott, lockmaster at Cardinal, Ontario, and of
the appointment of his successor. Presented 27th February, 1913. — Mr. McMillan.

Not jirinted.

61 (8d). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Bert Johnson, lockman at Nicholson, Ontario. Pre-
sented 27th February, 1913. — Mr. Ttirgeon Not printed.

61 (8e). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismigeal of John Merrifield, lockmaster at Burritts Rapids, Ont.,
and the appointment of his successor. Presented 27th February, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm.

Not printed.

61 (8/). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Neil Cummings, Icw.'kmaster at Cardinal, Ontario,
and of the appointment of his successor. Presented 27th February, 1913.— Mr.

McMillan Not printed.

53

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 27— Continued.

61 (89). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, papers, charges and correspondence between the Department of Railways
and Canals and all other persons, regarding the dismissal of Mr. Franyols Chagnon,
lockkeeper at Saint Jean, County of Saint Jean and Iberville, and of all reports
thereon with reference to the dismissal of the said Mr. Chagnon. Pre.^ented 27th
February, 1913.^J/r. Demers Not printed.

61 (S'l)- Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Neil McNeil, bridge tender. Intercolonial railway, at Grand Narrows in the
riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 27th February, 1913. — Mr.
McKenzie A'of printed.

61 (8t). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the di-i
missal of Archibald McKenzie, seetionman, Intercolonial railway, at Grand Narrows,
in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 27th February, 1913.—
Mr. McKenzie Not printed.

61 (8j). Return to an Order of the House of (he 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other dticuments relative to the dis-
missal of John Fraser, bridge tender. Intercolonial railway, at Grand Narrows, in the
riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 27th February, 1913. — Mr.
McKenzie ...Voi printed.

61 (8fc). Return to an Order of the Honse of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of a'l
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Demetrius Crozier, lockman at Merrickville, Ontario.
Presented 27th February, 1913.— Mr. Prnulx A'ot printed.

61 (8!). Return to an Order of the Hoiise of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Patrick Cussuk. lockman at Merrickville, Ontario
Presented 27th February, 1913.— Mr. Wichaiid Not printed.

61 (8m). Return to an Order of the House of the 27lh January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in anv
way relating to the dismissal of Joseph H. Wel>stor, lockman at Nicholson, Ontario.
Presented 27th February, 1913.— .Wr. Pacaud Not printed.

61 (811). Return to an Order of the Hou^e of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in an'
way relating to the dismissal of Cyrus O'Neil, lockman at Nicholson, Ontario. Pre
sented 27th February, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61 (80). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Michael Laughtin, bridgeman at Burritts Rapids.
Ontario. Presented 27th February, 1913. — Mr. Papineau Not printed.

61 (Sp). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendation.? in any
way relating to the dismissal of John McKay, bridgeman at Becketts, Ontario. Pre-
sented 27th February, 1913.— iV/r. Lanctot lYot printed.

54

3 George V. Alplmbetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (817). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence -and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Edward Prootor, lockman at Burritts Rapids, Ont.
Presented 27th February, 1913.— H/r. Necly Not printed.

61 (8r). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of William Morrison, lockman at Burritts Rapids, Ont.
Presented 27th February, 1913.— Mr. Cash Not printed.

61 (8s). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, documents, telegrams, reports, correspondence and recommendations in any
way relating to the dismissal of Adam Henderson, bridgemaster at Cardinal, Ontario,
and of the appointment of his successor. Presented 27th February, 1913. — 3/r. Murphy.

Not printed.

61 (8t). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of James Feehan, fishery guardian or warden at Tracadie Harbour and Savage
Harbour, Prince Edward Island. Presented 27th February, 1913. — Mr. Hughes
(Kings, P.E.I.) Not printed.

61 (8!(). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of John C. McNeil, lighthouse kee.per at Grand Narrows, in the riding of
North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 27th February, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie.

Not printed.

61 (8r). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, k?tters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of A. A. Chisholm, fishery overseer at Margaree Forks, Inverness County, No?a
Scotia. Presented 2Sth '•'ebruary, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Inveriiess).. ..Not printed.

61 (8u'). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Charles E. Aucoin, collector of customs at Cheticamp, Inverness County,
Nova Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by Mr. H. P.
Duchemin, in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such
investigation. Presented 28th February, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm {Antigonish).

Not printed.

61 {8a;). Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all
complaints and charges made against Charles L. Gass, late postmaster at Bayfield,
Antigonish County, of the evidence taken, if any, before Commissioner Duchemin,
and of his report thereon and of all letters, telegrams and documents of every kind
relating to his dismissal and the appointment of his successor. Presented 28th Feb
ruary, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (.Antigonish) Not printed.

61 (8y). Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all
letters and correspondence exchanged in reference to the dismissal of Cyprien Martin,
of St. Basile, County of Madawaska, N.B., between the Department of Customs and
the said Mr. Martin as preventive officer. Presented 28th February, 1913.— Mr.

Michaud Not printed.

55

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessioual Papers. A. 1913

CONl^NTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (8j). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of a'l
complaints and charges made against Angus A. Boyd, jXJstmaster at Boyd's post office.
Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence
relating in any way to his dismissal, and the appointm nt of a successor. Presented
28th February, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Antigonish) Not printed.

61 (9a). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of aU
complaints and charges made against John B. Macdonald, postmaster at Glasburn,
Antigonish County, Xova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and corrc-qiondence
relating in any way to his dismissal, and the appointment of a successor. j.'resented
2Sth February, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Antigonish) Not printei

61 (9b). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of a'l
complaints and chai'ges made against Alex. G. Chisholm, postmaster at Ohio, Anti
gonish County, Kova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence relating
in any way to his dismissal, and the appointment of a successor. Presented 28th
February, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Invertiess) Not printed

61 (9c). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1S12, for a copy of all
complaints and charges made against John J. McLean, postmaster at Cross Eoad.»,
Ohio, Antigonish County, Xova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and correspond-
ence relating in any way to his dismissal and the appointment of a successor. Pre-
sented 2Sth February, 1913.— 1/r. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printeJ

61 (9d). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of a'l
complaints and charges made against Dougald McDonald, postmaster at Doctors
Brook, Antigonish County, Xova Scotia, and of all letters, teleg;rams and correspond-
ence relating in any way to his dismissal, and the appointment of his successor. Pre
sented 2Sth February, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Antigonish) Not printed.

61 (9e). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all com-
plaints and charges made against Dan. A. Mclnnes, postmaster at Georgeville, Anti-
gonish County, Nova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams, and correspondence relat
ing in any way to his dismissal, and the appointment of his successor. Presented 38th
February, 1913. — Mr. Chisliolm (.intigonish) Not printed.

61 (9/). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of ali
charges, letters, correspondence, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of E. A. Asker, harbour master at Campbellton. Presented 3rd March, 1913. —
Mr. Rcid (Rcstigouche) Not printed.

61 (9g). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, letters, documents and orders relative to the dismissal of Fred Shultz as
caretaker of the armouries at Kentville, Nova Scotia, and of the appointment of
William Shoop in his place and also for a statement of the stores in said armouries
in the years 1910, 1911, 1912, respectively, and for a copy of all orders and regulations
relative to the duties of such caretaker. Presented 3rd March, 1913. — Mr. Macdonald.

Not printed.

61 (9/!). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 29th January. 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Dr. Freeman O'Neil, from the Marine Hospital a Louisburg, Cape Breton
South, X.S., and of evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duch.:
min, in regard to the same. Presented Iflth March, 1913.— .1/r. Carroll.. Not printed.

56

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers." A.. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21— Continued.

61 (9i). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of a'l
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to tlie dis-
mis;al of Leon N. Toirier, wharfinger at Descou?e, l-ichmond County, N.S. Presented
10th March, 1913.— iV/r. Kyte Not printed.

61 (9j). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912. for a copy of a. I
ch->rges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Norman L. Trefry, shipping master at Yarmouth, County of Yarmouth.
X.S., and the same information regarding the appointment of Mr. Trefry's successor
Presented 10th March, 1913.— .Ur. Law Not printed.

61 {9k). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th .January, 1913. for a copy of all
papers, documents, correspondence, &c., relating to the dismissal of James AmereauV,
lighthouse keeper at New Edinburgh, Digby County, N.S. Presented 10th March,
I913.-Mr. McLean {Halifax) Not printed

61 (9(). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, evidence, reports, letters, correspondence, ic, relating to tlie dis-
missal of H. B. Manley, a clerk in the Dominion Lands Office at Saskatoon. Pre-
sented lOth March, 1913.— .1/r. ilcCraney Not printed.

61 (9m). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams, papers and other documents in connection with the
dismissal of .lohu Spicer, senior assistant of the Moosejaw Land Agency. Presented
10th March, 1913.— Mr. Knowlcs Not printed.

61 (9n). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, letters, telegrams and other documents respecting the dismissal of Robert
Pragnall from the position of agent of the Dominion Land Office at Swift Current and
the appointment of his successor. Presented 10th March, 1913.— M?-. Knoules.

Not printed.

61 (9o). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of al-
papers, documents, evidence, reports, letters, correspondence, &c., relating to the dis-
missal of G. M. U'lyot, a clerk in the Dominion Lands Office at Saskatoon. Presented
10th March, 1913.— -Wr. McCraney Not printed.

61 (9/; I. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a return show-
ing the detail and number of dismissals from public offices by the present government
to this date in the riding of Saskatoon, with the names of the dismissed occupants,
the reasons for their dismissals, the complaints against such officials, and all corre-
■ spondeuce with respect to the same, and of all reports of investigations, in case-
where such were held. Presented 17th March, 1913. — Mr. MeCraney Not printed

61 (9q). Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports, affidavits and other docu-
ments in the Department of Inland I?evenue, respecting the dismissal of J. N. Poirier,
Collector of Excise at Victoriaville, County of Arthabaska, and the names of tha
witnesses interested, with a copy of the evidence and a statement of e.xpenses of th=
said inquiry. Presented 17th March, 1913.— -Vr. BrouiIIa.rd Not printed.

61 (9r). Return to an Order of the House of the loth January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis
missal of John G. Morrison, fishery inspector at Englishtown, in the riding of North
Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held
by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the expenses o*

6uch investigation. Presented ISth March, 1913. — Mr. Kyte Not printed

57

3 George V. ' Ali)liabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27~Conti,uied.

61 (9s). Return to an Onler of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Edward Landry, lightkeeper, Petite de Grat, Richmond County, N.S., and
of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard
to the same; also a <?etailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Pr>-
sented 18th March, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61 (9f). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of a'l
documents, petitions, letters, correspondence, inquiries and reports concerning th'^
dismissal of Evariste Talbot, employed in the general freight office of the Inte--
colonial. Presented 18th March, 191.3.~.Ur. Lapointe (Kamouraska) Not printed

61 (9"). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of \]l
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and doc i
ments in the possession of the Department of Railways or any department of tliu
government, relating to tie dismissal of Philip H. Ryan, an employee of the Intel -
colonial railway at Mulgrave, N.S., and if there was an investigation, the names o"
all witnesses examined, a copy of the evidence, and a detailed .statement of the ex-
penses of such investigation. Presented 18th March, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair.. Not printed.

61 (9«). Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd February, 1913, for a return show
ing how many postmasters and other post office employees were removed from oflice
respectively, from the Lst of July, 1896, to the 1st of October, 1911, and the number in
each province; and from the 10th of October, 1911, up to date, with the number in
each province; also the number of post offices in operation in each province on the
1st July, 189G. Presented 26th March, 1913.— Mr. RainviUe Not printed.

61 (9"'). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 3rd
February, 1913, for a copy of all orders in council, and of all letters, telegrams, com-
plaints, petitions and of all other documents of any kind, in the possession of the
government, or of any department or official thereof, in any way relating to or con-
cerning the dismissal of Dr. Clarence T. Campbell, post office inspector at London,
Ontario. Presented 26th March, 1913.— Mr. Ross Not printed.

61 (9x). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a return showing
the number of postmasters that have been dismissed in the County of Missisquoi since
1st October, 1911, the names of the postmasters who have been appointed to succeed
them, the cause of the dismissals and a copy of all complaints and correspondence
with respect to the same, and of all reports of investigations where such haye been
held. Presented 26th March, 1913.— -Mr. Kay Not printed.

61 (Sy). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu-
ments in the possession of the Post Office Department, regarding any change in any
post office or postmastership in Bonaventure County, between 5th December, 1912, up
to date. Presented 26th Marcli, 19i;i.— Mr. Marcfi {Bonarenture) Not printed.

61 (92). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9tli
December, 1912, for a copy of all papers, documents, correspondence, orders in coun-
cil, &c., relative to the dismissal of S. A. Johnson, late postmaster at Petite Riviere,
Luueuburg County, N.S. Presented 26th March, 1913.— Mr. MacLea-n (Halifax).

Not printed.
68

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1013

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (10a). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9tli December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspoudence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the di,--
missal of Murdock McKenzie, postmaster at Millville Boulardarie, Nova Scotia, in
the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 26th March, 1913.— Mr.
McKeti:ie Not printed.

61 (10b). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 19!2, for a copy of a!i
documents, correspondence and telegrams relating to the dismissal of James Stewart,
postmaster at Middleton, Antigonish County, and the appointment of his succes.sor.
Presented 26th March, 1913.— -Vr. Chisholm (Antigonish) Not printed

61 (10c). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
correspondence, telegrams and reports relating to the dismissal of Lauchlin McNeil.
postmaster at New France, County of Antigonish, and the appointment of his s)ic-
Pi-e-ented 2'3th March, 1913.— Mr. Cliisholm (.iniiijonish) Not printed.

61 (lOd). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, foj a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Frank Dunlop, postmaster at Groves Point, Nova Scotia, in the riding of
North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investiga-
tion held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the
expense of such investigation. Presented 26th March, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie.

Not printed.

«
61 (10c). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all

letters, telegrams, complaints, petitions and other documents relating to the investi-
gation of A. W. Salsman, postmaster at Middle Country Harbour, N.S., and to the
appointment of his successor. Presented 26th March, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair.

Not printed.

61 (10/). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Richard Conroy, postmaster at Cross Roads, County Harbour, Guysborough
County, N.S., and of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P.
Duchemin, in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such
investigation. Presented 26th March, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (IO9). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 19^2, for a copy of all
clsarge", correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of Abner Carr, postmaster at St. Francis Harbour, Guysborough County,
N.S., and cf all evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin,
in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of expenses of such investigation.
Presented 26th March, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (]0/i). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 19]2, for a copy of aU
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of T^arker Sangster, postmaster. Upper New Harbour, Guysborough County,
NS., and of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin,
in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the e.xpenses of such investigation.
Presented 26th March, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (lOi). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the ^th
December, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence, orders in council and all other
papers or documents in any way relating to the dismissal of Alexander Marion, from
the position of postmaster at Rockland, Ontario. Presented 2Gth March, 1913. — Mr.

Murphy Not printed.

59

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (10/). E«turn to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of t a j
evidence taken and the report made by each commissioner appointed since 1st of
November, 1911, to conduct an investigation into charges of offensive partizanship
made against postmasters in the County of Kussell. Presented 2Sth March, 1913.—
Mr. Murphy Xot printed.

61 (iOt). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, fbr a copy of all
papers, documents, evidence, reports, findings and correspondence, relating to the dis-
missal of Mathew Boutilier, recently postmaster at Mushaboom, Halifax County, N.S.
Presented 26th March, 1913.— 3/r. MacLean {Halifax) Not printed

61 (10/). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a return sho*^-
ing the names of the postmasters in the County of Joliette, who have been dismissei
from 1896 to September, 1911; their respective parishes; dates of their dismissals; tho
reasons alleged; whether an inquiry was made in each case; on whose recommendatijii
in each case the dismissals were made; names of successors in each case, and on whose
recommendation were they appointed. Presented 26tji March. 1913. — Mr. Guilbault.

Not printed.

61 (10m). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of ill
papers, documents, evidence, reports, letters, correspondence, &c., relating to the dis
missal of T. Doane Crowell, postmaster at Shag Harbour, Shelburne County, N.S.,
and the appointment of his successor. Presented 26th March, 1913. — Mr. Law.

Not printed.

61 (10«). Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd January, 1913, for a return shoB-
ing the postmasters who have been dismissed in the County of Vaudreuil, the datH«
of their appointment, the cause of their dismissal and by whom their dismissal was
requested. Presented 26th March, 1913.— If r. Boyer Not printed.

61 (lOo). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, documents, letters, correspondence, 4c., relating to the dismissal of Mrs.
Spinney, postmistress at Upper Port La Tour, Shelburne County, N.S. Presented
26th March, 1913.— Afr. Law Not printed.

61 (lOp). R-eturn to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913. for a return show-
ing the number of postmasters dismissed in the County of Rimouski since 21st Sep-
tember, 1911, giving their names. Presented 26th March, 1913. — Mr. Lapointe
{Kamouraska) Not printed.

61 (lOq). Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return show
ing the detail and number of dismissals from public offices by the present government
to this date in the riding of Wright, giving the names of the dismissed occupants, the
reasons for their dismissal, the complaints against such officials, and a copy of all
correspondence with respect to the same, with all reports of investigations where such
were held. Presented 27th March, 1913.— .Ur. Devlin Not printed

61 (lOr). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 9113, for a copy of all
chvges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of John R. McLennan, janitor of the public building at Inverness Town, Inver-
ness County, Nova Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held
by Mr. H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the
expenses of such investigation. Presented 28th March, 1913. — Afr. Chisholm {Inver-
ness) Not printed,

60

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (10s). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, and other documents relating to the dismissal of James Arbuekle, caretaker
of the putlic buildings at Pictou, and the appointment of two successors in his stead.
Presented 2Sth March, 1913.— A/r. Macdonald Not printed.

61 (10/). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the di-r-
missal of Mary Dunlop, telegraph operator at Groves Point, Cape Breton County,
Nova Scotia, in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 28th
March, 1913.— Mr. UcKemie Not printed.

61 (lOu). Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return show-
ing the foremen employed at the various public works in the County of Gloucester on
the 21st of September, 1911, who have been dismissed since by the present administra-
tion, containing their names, reasons of dismissal, nature of the charges made againit
them, also a copy of all correspondence connected with the same and reports of in
quiries, in cases where such inquiries have been instituted. Presented 2Sth Marcn,
1913.— Mr. Turgenn JVof printed

6l (lOi'). Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd February, 1913, for a copy of a'l
letters, telegrams, papers and documents relative to the dismissal of Captain Lyons,
of the dredge Northumberland, and the appointment of his successor. Presented 28th
March, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

61 (lOu-). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4ti
December, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence, orders in council and all other
papers or documents in any way relating to the dismissal of James McCartin, from
the position of inspector of the concrete work forming part of the contract for the
construction of the The Plaza at the City of Ottawa Presented 28th March, 1913.—
Mr. Murphy Not printed.

61 (lOx). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of al!
charges, corre^spondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Robert C. Morrison, postmaster at St. Peters, Richmond County, N.S., f^nd
of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard
to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation, togethei
with a copy of all recommendations, letters, telegrams and other papers relating t
the appointment of Mr. Morrison's successor. Presented 31st March, 1913.— Mr. Kyte.

Not printed

61 (lOy). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all
cliarges, correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Richard Dugas,. storm signal attendant at Alder Point, Nova Scotia, in thy
riding of North Capo Breton and Victoria. Presented 4th April, 1913. — Mr. McKcmie.

Not printed.

61 (Wz). Return to an Order of the House of the 20th January, 1913, for a return showing
the names of all officials of the Marine and I'isheries Department who have been dis-
missed or removed in the County of Pictou, the reasons of the same, the evidence
taken at any investigation held in regard to them, and the reports of said investiga-
tions, the names of their successors, and a copy of all letters, charges, complaints and
recommendations from any person or persons in regard to the said removals or dis
missals, or in regard to the appointment of their successors. Presented -ith April

1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed

ti]

George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 27— Continued.

61 (11a). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of William L. Munro, lightkeeper at White Head, Guysborough County, N.S.,
and of all evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in
regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Presented Ith April, 1913.— Vf^r. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (lib). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, telegram^, correspondence, reports and documents touching the dismissals of
Alexander R. McAdam as fishery officer for the County of Antigonish, N.S., and the
appointment of his successor. Presented 4th April, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm {Antigonish).

Wot printed.

61 (lie). Return to an Order of the House of the 19th February, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu-
ments in the possession of the Marine and Fisheries Department, or any department
of the government, relating to the dismissal of Stephen C. Richard, liglitkeeper at
Charlos Cove, N.S., and if there was an investigation, the names of all witnesses
examined, a copy of the evidence, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such
investigation. Presented 4th April, 1913— -Vr. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (lid). Supplementary to an Order of the House of the "th February, 1912, for a return
showing for each department of the government the names, post office addresses, offices,
employment, and salaries of all persons employed either in the inside or outside ser-
vice thereof, and of such persons not in the Civil Service, employed by the govern-
ment in any department, on the tenth day of October, 1911, who have been removed
from office or employment by dismissal; specifying in each case the manner of and
grounds of such dismissals and the length of notice given to the persons removed, and
also indicating in each case whether an inctuiry was or was not held prior to suc'.i
dismissal. Presented 7th April, 1913.— .¥r. Kyte Not printed.

61 (lie). Return to an Order of the House of the Tth December, 1912, for a return show-
ing the public officers removed by the present government in the district of Lot-
biniere, with the names and duties of such persons, the reasons of their dismissal,
the nature of the complaints made against them, also a copy of all correspondence
relating thereto and reports of inquiries in the cases where such inquiries have been
held. Presented 9th April, 1913.— 3/r. Fortier Xot printed

61 (11/^. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
complaints and charges made against Miss (jrertie Lswis, as postmistress at Main-i
dieu. Cape Breton South, N.S., and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence relat-
ing in any way to her dismissal and the appointment of a successor. Presented 9tn
April, I913.-Mr. Carroll ■. ^^ot printed.

61 (113). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of aU
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
John Taylor, late postmaster at Carnduff, Sask., and of all reports of investigation
held, &c. Presented 9th April, 1913.— -Ur. Turriff Not printed.

61 (Uh). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of ail
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of Frederick Mitchell, from the position of postmaster at Dominion, Capo
Breton Smith, N.S.. and of the evidence taken and reports of investigation held by
H. P. Duchemin, in re.gard to the same. Pre.5ented 9th April, 1913.— .Vr. Carroll.

Not printed.

62

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21— Continued.

61 (Hi). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, letters, telegrams and other correspondence relating to the dismissal of
Thomas J. Sears, postmaster at Lochaber, N.S., and the appointment of his successor ;
of the BTidence taken, and of the report thereon made by Commissioner Duchemin,
on the charges, if any, made against the dismissed postmaster. Presented 9th April,
1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Antigonish) Xot printed.

61 (llj). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams, papers and other documents in connection with the
dismissal of the postmaster at Alsask, Saskatchewan. Presented 9th April, 1913. — Mr.
Knowles ]\'ot printed

61 (llfc). Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams, instructions and other papers and documents in the possession of th3
Department of Mprine and Fisheries, or any officer thereof, relating to the dismissal
Or appointment of fishery guardians or fishery ofiicers, in the County of Guysborough,
N.S., bearing date since the 10th day of October, 1911. Presented 9th April, 1913.—
Mr. Sinclair \ot printed

61 (110- Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all com-
plaints and charges made against John E. Morrison, postmaster at Oban, Richmond
County, N.S., and of all letters, telegrams and correspondence relating in any way tj
his dismissal, and the appointment of a successor. Presented Uth April, 1913. — Mr.
Kyle Xot printed.

61 (Um)- Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of A. G. McDonald, postmaster of North East Margaree, Inverness County.
Nova Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P.
Duchemin, in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such
investigation. Pre-rented 14th April, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Inverness). .Not printed.

61 (111). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a return showing
in detail the number of dismissals from public office by the present government to
this date, in the constituency of Qu'A7jpelle, with the names of the dismissed officers,
and the reason for their dismissal, the complaints against such officials and a copy of
all correspondence, petitions, papers and documents with respect to the same, and if
all notes of evidence and reports of investigations in cases where they liave taken
place. Presented 14th April, 1913.— S/c. Thomson {Qu'Appelle) Not printed

61 (Ho). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu-
ments in the possession of the- Department of Marine and Fisheries or any depart-
ment of the government, relating to the dismissal of David Eeid, fishery officer at Por''
Hilford, N.S., and if there was an investigation, the names of the witnesses examined,
a copy of the evidence, and a detailed statement of the expenses of each investigatior;.
Presented loth April, 1913.— -V''. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (lip). Return to an Order of the House of the 1.5th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of Robert Musgrave, pos-tmaster at North Sydney, in the riding of North Cape
Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by
H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such
investigation. Presented 15th April, 1913.— 3/r. McKenzie Not printed.

63

3 George V. Alphabetical Judex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (llq). Return to au Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912. for a copy of all
charges, oorrespondence, letters, telegr.-tms and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of A. D. Archibald, postmaster at Glenelg, Guysborough County, N.S., and of
all evidence taken and report of investigation held by II. P. Duchemin in regard to
the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presente.d
15th .April, 1913.— Hr. Chisholm (Inrerncss) Not printed

61 (111). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copj of a'!
'' charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of Leon N. Poiricr, postmaster at Descouse, Richmond County, N.S., and of
the evidence taken and of the reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in
regard to the same and a detailed statement of the expenss of such investigation;
and a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented latli
April, 19!3.— Mr. Kyte Xot printed.

61 (lis). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal- of Xorman McAskill, postmaster at Framboise, Richmond County, N.S., and
of the evidence taken and of the report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in
regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation;
and a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented lotn
April, 191,").— Ur. Ktjte Xot prinlrd.

61 (11'). Return to an Older of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
papers, documents and correspondence relating to the dismissal of A. T. Doucet, post-
master and collector cf customs at Salmon Eiver, Digby County, N.S. Presented J5*'i
April, ]9;3.— -Ur. Maclean {Halifax) Not printed.

61 (11"). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of u'l
complaints and charges made against Mrs. Annie Gallivan, as postmistress at Whit-
ney Pier, Cape Breton South, Nova Scotia, and of all letters, telegrams and corre-
spondence relating in any vray to her dismissal and the appointment of a successor.
Presented l5th April, 1913.— a/r. Carroll Not printed.

61 nir). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Wm. J. Paquet, postmaster at Souris, P.E.I. Presented 15th April, 1913.—
Mr. Htighes {Kings, P.E.I.) Not printed.

61 (llir)- Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of ,il
documents, correspondence, petitions and recommendations, &c., relating to the dis-
missal of the postmaster at St. Anaclet, County of Rimouski, during the year 1912, and
of the appointment of his successor. Presented 15th April, 1913. — Mr. Lapointe
{Kamouraska) Not printed

61 (Mx). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of a 1
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of George Gunn, postmaster at French Village, Prince Edward Island. Pre-
sented 15th April, 1913.— If r. Hughes {Kings, P.E.I.) Not printed.

61 (lly). Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return show-
ing the detail and number of disn'issals from public ofBces by the present government
to this date in the riding of Mackenzie, together with the names of the dismissed
occupants, the reasons for their dismissal, the complaints against such officials, and h
copy of all correspondence with respect to the same, and of all reports of investign-
tions, where any such were held. Presented 15th April, 1913. — Mr. Cash. .Not printed.

04

; (Jcorg-c V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 101.?

I
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (lis). Return to an Order of the House of the 7th April, 1913, for a copy of all charges
investigated by Commissioner W. J. Code, and also of the evidence taken and the
report made by the said commissioner. Presented IGth April, 1913. — Mr. Murphy.

Not printed.

61 (12h). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of D. F. McLean, fishery overseer at Port Hood, Inverness County, N.S., and
of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard
to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Pre-
sented 16th April, 1913.— -Ur. ChUholm {Inverness) Not printed

61 (126). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of J. Scott Nelson, postmaster at Louisdale, Richmond County, N.S., and ot
the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard tn
the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation; and a copy
of all i>apers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented 16th April, 1913.
— Mr. Kyte Not printed

61 (13c). Relurn to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the di^
missal of Joseph McMullen, from the post office at Bridgeport, Cape Breton South,
Nova Scotia, and of evidence taken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duche-
min, in regard to the same. Presented 16th April, 1913. — Mr. Carroll Not printed.

61 (12d). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Frederick A. Martell, postmaster at L'Ardoise, Richmond County, N.S., and
of the evidence taken and of the reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin,
in regard to the same, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation;
and a copy of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented 16th
April, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

61 (12e). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
representations, statements and complaints as to political activity made against Joho
A. Macdonald, postmauster at McArras Brook, Antigonish County, and of all corre-
spondence relating to the charges made against him and of the report of Commis-
sioner Duchemin on said charges. Presented 16th April, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Anti-
gonish) Not printed

61 (12/). Return to an Address to His Eoyal Highness the Governor General of the Ttn
December, 1911, for a copy of all papers, correspondence and orders in council in con-
nection with and relating to the dismissal from office of public officials from each of
the departments of government since the Ist day of October last past, including both
Inside and Outside Service. Presented 18th April, 1913.— Mr. Carvell Not printed.

61 (12</). K»turn to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 3rd
.March, 1913, for a copy of all papers, documents, correspondence, evidence, order in
council, &c., relative to the dismissal of Edward Doucett, sub-collector of customs,
Digby County, N.S. Presented 21st April, 1913.— Mr. McLean (Halifax).

Not printed.

61 (12/1.). Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 3rd

March, 1913, for a copy of all papers, documents, correspondence, evidence, orders in

council, Ac, relative to the dismissal of Mr. LeBIanc, sub-collector of customs. Church

Point, Digby County, N.S. Presented 21st April, 1913.— Mr. McLean (Halifax).

Not printed
43S49— 5 65

George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

Gl (12i). Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913,, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of John C. Bourinot, chief customs officer at Port Hawkesbury, Inverness
County, Nova Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by
Mr. H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same; also a detailed st-atement of the expenses
of such investigation. Presented 21st April, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Inverness).

Not printed.

61 (12j). Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of a' I
charges, evidence, correspondence, letters and telegrams in the Department of Bail-
ways and Canals since the 21st day of September, 1911, relating to the dismissal of
Alexander E. Morrison, Point Tupper, N.S., from the service of the Intercolonial
railway, and of all recommendations for the appointment of his successor. Presented
2l6t April. ]9;3.— Mr. Kyte A'ot printed

61 (12fc). Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd February, 1913, for a copy of nil
letters, telegrams, reports and other papers and documents received from the officers
of the Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees, by the Department of Labour,
or of the Department of Railways and Canals, between the 1st day of January, 19;2
and the 25th day of January, 1913, relating to investigations and • dismissals oi'
employees for political partizanship, and of the replies thereto. Presented 22nd April.
1913.— Mr. Sinclair f^ot printed.

61 (12!). Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all com-
plaints and charges against James Falconer, of Newcastle, County of Northumberlanci.
New Brunswick, as correspondent of the Labour Gazette at Newcastle, and of all
letters, telegrams and other correspondence relating in any way to his dismissal and
the appointment of a successor. Presented 22nd April, 1913.— Mr. Loggie..Not printed.

61 (12?«). Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of John B. Chisholm, lightkeeper at Port Hastings, Inverness County. Nova
Scotia, and the evidence taken and report of investigation held by Mr. H. P. Duche
min, in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investi-
gation. Presented 24th April, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed

61 (12n). Return to an Order of the House of the 7th April, 1913, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, telegrams, charges and other documents, relating to the dismissal of Epi-
phane Nadeau, immigration agent at St. Leonard, Victoria County, N.B. Presented
25th April, 1913.— Mr. Michaud Not printed.

61 (12o). Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of aU
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams, and 'other documents relative to the dn-
missal of D. J. Morrison, boatman in the customs service at Big Bras D'or, North
Cape Breton and Victoria. N.S., and of the evidence taken and of reports of the
investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same, with a detailed state-
ment of expenses of such investigation. Presented. 25th April, 1913. — Mr' McKenzie.

Not printed

61 (12p). Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of al'
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Rod McLeod, lio.itman in the customs service at Big Bras D'or, North Cape
Breton and Victoria, N.S., and of the evidence taken and of reports of the investigd
tion held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same, with a detailed statement o*
expenses of such investigation. Presented 25th April, 1913.— Mr. McKenrte.

Not printed.

66

George V. Alpliabetieal Index to Sessional Papers. A. lOlH

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (12g). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all

charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of D. McLachlin, postmaster at Marble Mountain, Inverness County, Nora
Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin
in regard to the saine; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation
Presented 25th April, 1913.— .Vr. Chishohn (Inverness) Not printed.

61 (12)-). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the di -
missal of Abram LeBlauc, postmaster at West Arichat, Richmond County, N.S., and
of the evidence t^aken and reports of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in regard
to the same and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation, and a copy
of all papers relating to the appointment of his successor. Presented 25th April.
1913.— il/r. Kyte Not printed.

61 {12s). Return to an Order of the Hous^ of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of
Charles J. Lafiord, postmaster at Grand Grove, Richmond County. N.S., and of al'
evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin in regard to the
same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 25tU
April, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed

61 (12f). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of W. S. Lawrence, postmaster at Margrave Harbour, Inverness County, Nov.i
Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin.
in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Presented 25th April, 1913.— .A/r ChisJwlm (Inverness) Not printed.

61 (12ii). Return to an Order of the House of the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of John K. McDonald, postmaster at Whycocomagh, Inverness County, Nova
Scotia, and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin,
in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of the expenses of such Investigation.
Presented 25th April, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed

61 (12i'). Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of ali
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Captain P. J. Wilcox, from the customs office at Louisburg, Cape Breton
South, Nova Scotia, and of evidence taken and reports of investigations held by H. P.
Duchemin, in regard to the same. Presented 29th April, 1913. — Mr. Carroll.

Not printed

61 (12u'). Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dn
missal of M. J. McKennon, from tfie customs office at Glace Bay, Cape Breton South,
Nova Scotia, and of evidence taken and reports of. investigation held by H. P. Duche-
min, in regard to the same. Presented 29th April, 1913.— il/r. Carvell Not printed

61 (12x). Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of a'l
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Captain John Arsenault, telegraph line repairer at Alder Point, Cape Breton,
in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and repo't
of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, and a detailed statemen;
of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 29th April, 1913. — Mr. McKeniie.

Not printed.

43849—51 67

3 George V. Alphabetical liidex to Sessional Papers. A. 101"

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (12y). Ketnrn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of aU
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Mrs. John Arsenault, telegraph operator at Alder Point, N.S., in the riding
of North Cape Breton and Victoria. Presented 2nd May, 1913. — Mr. McKemie.

Not printed

61 (I2z). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu-
ments in the possession of the Department of Railways and Canals or any departmeoL
of the government, relating to the dismissal of A. J. Wilkinson, at Mulgrave, N.S
and if there was an investigation, the names of all witnesses examined and a detai'e"!
statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 2nd May, 1913. — Mr. Sin-
clair Not printed.

61 (13a). Charges made against Mr. H. A. Bayfield, superintendent of dredging, Britisli
Columbia. — (Senate) , ..Not printed.

61 (136). Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of .11
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of H. G. McKay, lighthouse keeper at Bird Island, Big Bras D'or, North Cape
Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken, and of reports of the investigation
held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same, with a detailed statement of expenses
of such investigation. Presented 5th May, 1913. — Mr. McKemie Not printed.

61 (13c). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1913, for a copy of .11
reports, charges, and correspondence in the office of the Department of Marine and
Fisheries relating to charges of political partizanship against Michael O'Brien, light-
keeper at Bear Island, Richmond County, N.S., and of the instructions issued to II.
P. Duchemin, commissioner, to invest ijate the same together with the Commissioner'?
report and finding thereon, and his expenses of holding such investigations. Pre-
sented 7th May, 1913.— Mr. Kytc Not printed.

61 (13d). Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of al'.
correspondence, letters, telegrams, reports, recommendations and other documents
bearing on or having relation to the dismissal of J. H. Leduc, as medical port officer
of the port of Three Rivers, P.Q. Presented 7th May, 1913.— .1/r. Bureau.. Not printed.

61 (13e). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of al.
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the du-
mi?sal of Patrick Shea, postmaster at Tompkinsville, Guysborough County. N.S. Pre.
sented 7th May, 1913.— 3/r. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (13/). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of al!
complaints and charges made against Elias Rawding, postmaster at Clementsport.
Annapolis County, N.S., and of all letters, petitions, telegrams, and other correspond-
ence relating in any way to his dismissal ajid the appointment of a successor. Pre-
sented 7th May, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair JVoi printed.

61 (13g). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis
missal of Charles McLean, postmaster at Strathlorne, Inverness County, Nova Scotia
Presented 7th May, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm {Inverness) Not printed.

61 (13/i). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of a"
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Angus R. McDonald, postmaster at Broad Co\e Chapel, Inverness County.
Nova Scctia. Presented 7th May, 1913.— jl/r. Chisholm {Inverness).. ..Not printed

68

,3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (13j). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of John McPliail, postmaster at Scotsville, Inverness County, Nova Scotia.
Presented 7th May, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed.

61 (13j). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of al'
letters, telegrams, complaints, petitions or other documents of any kind received hv
the government, or any member or official thereof, relating to the conduct of J.
Morgan, one time postmaster of the village of Ailsa Craig, Ontario, as such, and relat-
ing to an investigation into said conduct- Presented 7th May, 19i3. — Mr. Ross.

Not printed

61 (13fc). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a coijy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Roderick McLean, postmaster at Kenlock, Inverness County, Nova Scotiii.
Presented 8th May, 1913.— Mr. CIns}iolm (Inverness) Not printed

61 (130- Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of a'l
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Allah Gillis, postmaster at Gillisdale, South West Margaree, Inverness
County, Nova Scotia. Presented 8th May, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Inverness).

Not printed.

61 (13m.). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of David Shaw, postmaster at Marsh Brook, North East Margaree, Inverness
County, Nova Scotia. Presented 8th May, 1913. — Mr. Ciiisholm (Inverness).

Not printed

61 (13n). Return to an Order of the House of the -29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
papers concerning the investigation and dismissal of Helen Joubert, postmistress at,
Sayabec, Quebec. Presented Sth May, 1913.— J/r. Lemicux JVot printed.

61 (13o). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, and telegrams between the Honourable Postmaster General or
the Post Office Department, and any person or persons^ relative to the dismissal or the
request therefor of D. A. Redmond, until recently postmaster at Brinston, Ontario.
Presented Sth May, 1913.— il/r. Graham Not printed.

61 (13p). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Dan. McEachern, postmaster at McEachern's Mills, Broad Cove Chapel.
Inverness County, Nova Scotia. Presented Sth May, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Inverness).

Not printed.

61 (13g). Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd February, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Daniel Dunlop, postmaster at New Campbellton, riding of North Caoe
Breton and Victoria, N.S., and of the evidence taken and reports of the investigation
held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to same, with a detailed statement of expense of
such investigation. Presented Sth May, 1913.— Mr. McKemie Not printed.

61 (13r). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of .-ll
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal of
Arthur Armstrong, postmaster at Greenfield, Carleton County, N.B. Presented Sth
May, 1913.— Mr. Carrcll Not printed.

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLTIME 27— Continued.

61 (13s). Return to an Order of tlie House of the Srd February, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dis-
missal of Alex. Matheson, postmaster at Boulardarie Centre, north riding Cap"
Breton and Victoria. Presented 8th May, 1913.— .Vr. UcKenzie Not prtn'.d.

61 (13t). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913. for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Arthur Talbot, late postmaster at Robertsville, County of Megantic, Pro'
ince of Quebec. Presented Sth May, 1913.— Mr. Pacaud Not printed.

61 (ISii). Dismissal of N. C. Lyster, late postmaster at Lloydminster, Sask.— (denote).

Not printed.

61 (\3v). Return to an Order of the House of the 2nd April, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of Mrs. Maggie Cameron, postmistress at Achosnach, Inverness County, Nova
Scotia. Presented 9th May, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed.

61 (13u;). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal of David Fraser, postmaster at North East Margaree, Inverness County, Nova
Scotia. Presented 9th May, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm {Inverness) Not printed.

61 (13a;). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of I'l
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dis-
missal and retention of W. Stayley Porter, postmaster. Port Maitland, Yarmouth
County, N.S., and of the evidence taken and report of investigation held by Charles
Lane, in regard to the same; also a detailed statement of expenses of such investiga
tion. Presented 9th May, 1913.— Mr. Laic Not printed

61 (ISy). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of ail
charges, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of Alex. McQueen,
postmaster at Kowstoke, Inverness County, Nova Scotia, and of the evidence taken
and report of investigation held by H. P. Duchemin, in regard to the same; also -i
detailed statement of the expenses of snch investigation. Presented 9th May, 1913. —
Mr. Chisholm {Inverness) Not printed.

61 (1.32). Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd February, 1913, for a return show-
ing the number of employees of the Department of Public Works who have been dis-
missed in the County of Berthier since the 21st September, 1911, giving the names of
the said employees; if an inquiry was held in each case; on whose recommendation,
in each case, these dismissals were made; the names of those appointed successors to
these persons and on whose recommendation. Presented 12th May, 1913.— Mr. Beland

Not printed.

61 (14a). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents in connection with
the dismissal and retention of Jesse L. Morton, postmaster at Lower Argyle, N.S., an 1
of the evidence taken and report of the investigation held by Mr. Lane, in regard to
the same, also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented
20th May, 1913.— Mr. Law Not printed

61 (Ub). Return to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1913, for a copy of ali
charges, corresimndence, letters, telegrams and other documents in connection with
the dismissal of Mrs. M. C. Gaudet, postmistress at West Pubnico, Yarmouth County.
N.S., and of the evidence taken and report of the investigation held by Mr. Lane, iu
regard to same, and also a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation

Presented 20th May, 1913.— Mr. Law Not printed.

70

George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

61 (Uc). Eeturo to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dismissal of
John P. McKiunon, section foremanon the Intercolonial railway at Shubenacadie, in
the riding of North Caps Breton and Victoria, N.S. Presented 20th May, 1913. — Mr.
McKenzie Not printed.

61 (1+d). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy o ill
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal o'
Mary A. Bohan, as postmistress at Bath, Carleton County, N.B. Presented 21st May,
1913.— Mr. Carvell Not printed.

61 iUe). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of a!!
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal of
Edward Lafferty, postmaster at Benton, Carleton County, N.B. Presented 21st May,
1913.— Mr. Carvell Not printed.

61 (14/). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of a I
papers, letters, telegrams, evidence and other documents regarding the dismissal o'
Dennis McGaffigan, postmaster at Florenceville, Carleton County, N.B. Presented
21st May, 1913.— Mr. Carvell Not priiited.

61 (Hg). Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all
correspondence and documents bearing upon any change made-or asked for in fie
employees of the Department of Marine and Fisheries in the County of Bouaventur>-
between 5th December, 1912, up to date. Presented 27th May, 1913. — Mr. Marcil
(Bonaventure) Not printed.

61 (lih). Return to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the di .
missal of J. A. McKenzie. postmaster at Ashfield, Inverness County, N.S. Presented
2iid June, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed.

61 (Hi). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, reports and other papers and documents n
the possession of the Post Office Department, or any department of the government,
relating to the dismissal of James Bowles, postmaster at Alder River, N.S., and if
there was an investigation, the names of all the witnesses examined, a copy of the
evidence, and a detailed statement of the expense of such investigation. Presented 2nd
June, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

61 (Ui). Return to an Order of the House of the 21st April, 1913, for a copy of all corre
spondence, complaints, reports, recommendations, petitions, certificates and other
documents relating to the dismissal of Mr. Edmund Lacroix, as postmaster of the
Parish of St. Joseph du Lac, County of Two Mountains, and the appointment of
Rodrique Larocque, of the same place as postmaster. Presented 2nd June, 1913. —
Mr. Etliicr Not printed

61 (ll'c). Return to an Order of the House of the 2(ith May, 1913, for a copy of all
papers, letters, documents, reports and inquiry, relating to the lighthouse keeper of
the Parish of Repentigny, County of L'As.somption. Presented 3rd June, 1913. — Mr.
Seguin Not printed.

61 (U!). Return to an Order of the House of the ICth A.jril, 1913, for a copy of all paper-,.
documents, evidence, reports, &c., relating to the dismissal of B. C. Kanock, late ship-
ping master at Lunenburg, N.S. Presented 4th June, 1913.— Mr. McLean {Halifax).

Not printed.

71

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27 —Continued.

61 (14m). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a copy of all
complaints, accusations, correspondence, petitions and telegrams, respecting the dij
missal of Ulric Thibaudeau,- agent for pilots at Quebec, and of all documents respect-
ing the appointment of his successor, such as petitions, letters of recommendation,
&c., and of the evidence and report made after the inquiry held by the inquiring
commissioner; and also a detailed statement of the expenses caused by this inquiiv.
Presented 4th June. 19:3.— il/r. Belisle Wo( pvinted.

61 (U'l). Supplementary return to an Order of the House of the 20th January, 1913, for a
return showing the names of all officials of the Marine and Fisheries Department who
have been dismissed or removed in the County of Pictou, the reasons of the same, the
evidence taken at any investigation held in regard to them, and the reports of said
investigations, the names of their successors, and a copy of all letters, charges, coii-
plaints and recommendations from any person or persons in regard to the said re-
movals or dismissals, or in regard to the appointment of their successors. Presen.ed
4th June, 1913.— W r. Macdonald .' Not printed.

61 (14o). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of a'',
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu
ments in the possession of the Post Office Department, or any department of the gov-
ernment relating to the dismissal of Captain Freeman Myers, postmaster at Cole
Harbour, Guysborough County, N.S., and if there was an investigation, the names
of all w^itnesses examined, a copy of the evidence, and a detailed statement of tlie
expenses of such investigation. Presented 4th June, 1913.— M'-. .9' •'•'/) i>.

Not printed

<i\ (Up). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return showing
all public officers removed by the present government in the district of St. Jampi,
. Montreal, together with the names and duties of such persons, the reasons of thejv
dismissal, the nature of the complaints brought against them, and a copy of all corre-
spondence relating thereto, and of reports of inquiries in the cases where siich have
been held. Presented 4th June, 1913.— 3fr. Lapointe (Montt-eal) Not printed

61 (14g). Eeturn to an Address to His Eoyal Highness the Governor General of the 4tb
December, 1912, for a return showing all the employees of the Dominion goveriunent.
in the constituency of Edmonton, dismissed between 10th of October, 1911, and 21st of
November, 1912, the salary being paid to such employee at the time of his dismissal,
together with a copy of all correspondence, recommendations to council, orders iu
council, and all other papers or documents in any way connected with such dismissa' i
Presented 4th June, 1913.— -Ur. Oliver. " Not printed.

61 (14r). Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return show-
ing the names of all officials in the district of Sunbury and Queens, who have been
dismissed or removed from office since September, 1911, the reason for such dismissal
or removal, the evidence taken at any investigation held in regard to them, the
reports upon such investigations, the name of any successor appointed in place of dis-
missed officials, and a copy of all letters, charges, complaints and recommendations ia
regard to the said removals or dismissals, or in regard to the appointment of then
successors. Presented 4th June, 1913.— Mr. McLean (Sunbury) Not printed.

61 (14i-). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu-
ments in the possession of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, or any depart
ment of the government relating to the dismissal of Levi Munroe, harbour master at

72

3 George V. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME %1— Continued.

White Head, N.S., and if there was an investigation, the names of all witnesses
examined, a copy of the evidence, and a detailed statement of the expenses of snch
investigation. Presented 4th June, 1913.— Mr. Siu'-'air Not prinied.

61 {lit). Return to an Order of the House of the 29lh .January, 191,S, for a copy of all
letters petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu-
ments in the possession of the Post Office Department, or any department of the gov.
ernment, relating to the dismissal of Stanford Langley, postmaster at Isaac Harhou"
North, N.S., and if there was an investigation the names of all witnesses examined, a
copy of the evidence, and a detailed statement of the expenses of such investigation.
Presented 5th June, 1913. — Mr. Sindair Not printed.

61 (Uu). Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, telegrams, correspondence, charges, evidence, reports, and other documents
relating to the dismissal of Hugh R. McAdam as postmaster at Arisaig, N.S., and the
appointment of Reverend Daniel L. Macdonald as his successor. Presented 5th June.
1913.— Mr. ChishoUn {.iniigonish) Not printed.

61 (14r). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January. 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and docu
ments in the possession of the Post Office Department, or any department of the gov
ernment, relating to the proposed dismissal of J. J. McNeil, at Grant's Lake, N.S.,
and if there was an investigation, the names of the witnesses examined and a detailed
statement of the expenses of such investigation. Presented 5th June, 1913. — Mr. Sin-
clair Not printed.

61 (14u;). Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all
letters, petitions, telegrams, complaints, evidence, reports and other papers and doc i-
ments in the possession of the Department of Railways and Canals, or any department
of the government, relating to the dismissal of Alex. Mclunis, car inspector of the
Intercolonial railway at Mulgrave, N.S., and if there was an investigation, the names
of all witnesses e-xan.ined, a oopy of the evidence, and a detailed statement of the
expen-es of such investigation. Presented 6th June, 1913.— J/r. Sinclair. .Not printed.

61 (14x). Return to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all
charges, correspondence, telegrams, and other documents relative to the dismissal o;
Archibald McDonald, bridge tender on the Intercolonial railway at Grand Narrows,
lona, riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, N.S. Presented 6th June, 1913. —
Mr. McKemie Not printed.

61 (14a). Names of all officials dismissed in Shelburne and Queens from Ist December, 1S9G.
— (Seiiate) Not printed.

62. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return showing tli:;
number of all contracts cancelled in the County of Bonaventure since the 1st of
October, 1911; the names of the contractors, the prices paid to them, the reasons for
the cancellation in each case; and a copy of any investigations and reports had into
the causes of such cancellations, the names of the new contractors and the prices paid
to them in each case. Presented 14th January, 1913.— Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure).

Not printed.

62a. Retorn to an Order of the House of the 5th December, 1912, for a return showiug
the number of rural mail delivery routes that have been established in Canada since
the 1st January, 1912, in each province and county, respectively. Presented 14th

January, 1913.— Mr. Lemieux Not priiite.i.

73

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21— Continued.

62b. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre
spondence, letters, telegrams, complaints and other documents relating to the can-
celling of the contract for conveying His Majesty's mails, entered into on the 1st day
of January, 1912, between the Honourable Postmaster General and Mr. J. C. Beeman.
of Guthrie, County of Missisquoi ; together with the reason for the cancellation of
this contract, the price paid to Mr. Beeman, the name of the present contractor and
the price paid to him. Presented by Hon. Mr. Pelletier. — -Ur. Kay Not printed.

62c. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th March, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
requests, memorandums, tenders and other documents in the possession of the Post
Office Department relating to the calling for tenders and the granting of the contract
now in force for the carrying of 'he mail between Sorel and Ste. Victoire, County of
Richelieu. Presented 20th January, 1913.— Mr. Cardin Not printed.

62d. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of a'l
papers, letters, telegrams, tenders, bonds, agreements, contracts and other documents
in the possession of the Post Office Department relating to the letting of the contract
for carrying the mails between Heatherton and Guysborough, in the year 1912; and
also relating to any temporary agreement entered into prior to the date of letting
such contract. Presented 21st January. 1913.— il/r. Sinclair Not printed

62t>. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters
and other documents relating to the establishment of a rural mail service between
Saltsprings and West River Station, in the County of Pictou, in the year 1912. Pre-
sented 17th February. 1913.— iV''. Macdonald Not printed.

62/. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
and other documents relating to the establishment of a rural mail delivery jervioe
between Merigonish Station, County of Pictou, and Arisaig, in the County of Anti-
gonish, in the year 1912. Presented 17th February, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald.

Not printed

62g. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, letters, telegrams and reports regarding the termination of H. D. Decoste's
contract for carrying the mails between Linwood Station and Linwood post office and
the making of a new contract with D. Delorey, from the 1st January, 1913. Presented
28th February, 1913.— Mr. Chisholm {.intigonish) Not printed.

62h. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, complaints, recommendations, telegrams and reports bearing on the rail-
way mail service in Bonaventure County from October, 1911, up to date, and on the
appointment and dismissal of officers in such connection, with the names, residences,
salaries and duties, as well as of all documents bearing on the STispension of the rail-
way mail service during the period mentioned, as well as a copy of all documents re-
ferring to agreements made to meet such a contingency during the coming winter.
Presented 25th March, 1913.— Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

62'. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all tenders
received and the contracts entered into for the carrying of the mails between St.
Andrew and Beauley, County of Antigonish, and of all letters, telegrams and corre
spondence on file in the Post Office Department containing any recommendation or
advice regarding the awarding of such contract, or in any way referring thereto. Pre-
sented 26th March, 1913. — Mr. Chisholm (Antigonish) Not printed.

74

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

62j. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd February, 1913, for a return showin'j
■what changes, if any, have been made in the contracts for the carrying of the niail&
in the County of Berthier, since the 21st September, 1911 ; in what parishes, on what
date, and for what reason; to whom have the new contracts been granted, and if a
tender was asked for in each case. Presented ]4th April, 1913. — Mr. B^IarfH.

Not printcil

62/i-. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
petiticns, telegrams, bonds, reports and other papers and documents in the possession
of the Post Office Department, or any department of tlie government, relating to the
letting of the mail contract between Guysborough and Charles Cove, County of Guys-
borough, N.S., during the year 1912. Presented 28th April. 1913.— Mr. Sinclair.

Not printed.

621. Return to an Order of the House of the Uth April, 1913, showing the names of the
various railway mail clerks employed, respectively, on the Montreal and Quebec divi-
sions and the date of the appointment and residence of each. Presented 7th May,
19:3.— Mr. Biircou Not printed.

62m. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th April, 1913, for a copy of the contract
entered into by the Post Office Department with the Ontario Equipment Company of
Ottawa relating to the purchase of locks for mail bags. Presented 7th May, 1913.—
Mr. Carvell Not printed.

62rt. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th April, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, telegrams, &c., exchanged between the Honourable the Postmaster General and
Dr. Faucher, of Quebec, concerning the purchase of a certain patented lock for mail
ba:;s. Presented 7th May, 1913. — Mr. Lapointe {Kamottraska) Not printed.

62o. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th April, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, telegrams, Ac, exchanged between the Honourable the Postmaster General and
Mr. Aime Dion, advocate of Quebec, concerning the purchase of a certain patented
lock for mail bags. Presented 7th May, 1S13.— Mr. Verville Not printed.

62p. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
petitions, telegrams, complaints, reports, bonds of indemnity, and all other p.ipers
and documents in the possession of the Post Office Department, or any department of
the government, relating to the contract for carrying the mails between Linwood or
some point of. the Intercolonial railway. County of Antigonish, N.S., and Grosvenor,
County of Guysborough, N.S. Presented 9th May, 1913.— il/r. Sinclair Not printed.

62f(. Return to an Order of the House of the 2ith April, 1913, for a return showing the
full names of the mail carriers in the County of Vaudreuil and Soulanges; between
what place they perform the service; the distance bet%veen each of these places; the
amount of each carrier's contract, and the amount tlie government paid for the car-
riage of the mail in these different places before September, 1911. Presented 16th
May, 1913.— A/r. Boyer Not printed.

G2r. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th May, 1913, for a return showing the num-
ber of post offices in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, not served with daily mail, giv-
ing the names and the number of times per week served. Presented 30th May, 1913.
—Mr. Law Not printed.

62s. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Administrator of the 7th April, I9I3, for
a copy of all orders in council, reports of experts and contracts, in connection with

75

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1013

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

the different purchases of rural mail delivery boxes made by the Post Office Depart
ment since 1908,' until 1st January, 1912. Presented 21st May, 1913.— .If r. Lemieux.

Not printed.

62f. Ret)irn to an Order of the House of the 12th May, 1913, for a return giviu"; the
names of the posf offices and of the postmasters in the Counties of Soulanges and
Vaudreuil. Presented 21st May, 1913.— il/r. Boyer Not printed.

62". Return to an Order of the House of the 5th December, 1912. for a copy of all letters,
telegrams, petitions and other documents relating to the establishment of rural mai'
delivery routes in the County of Picton since the 1st October, 1911, with a statement
of all routes applied for, of routes established and of those refused, and the reason
for their refusal. Presented 2nd June, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

GZl-. Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all concipoud-
ence concerning the purchase of new locks for mail bags by the Post Office Depart-
ment from the Ontario Equipment Company. Presented 4th June, 1913. — Mr. Carrell.

Not printed.

62ir. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, letters, telegrams, memoranda, tenders, bonds and all other docHment»
relative to the contract tor the carrying of the mail between the post" office and Can
adian Pacific Railway station at Three Rivers and vice versa, sihce the eleventh dav
of October, 1911, to date. Presented 4th June, 1913.— Mr. Tobin Not printed.

62x. Return to an Order of the House of the 21st April, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, telegrams, complaints, affidavits, reports, recommendations, requests, certificates,
contracts and other documents relating to the cancelled contract of M. E. Bougie, for
carrying the mails between the post office and railway station at Bromptonville, Que
bee. Presented 4th June, 1913.— Mr. Bureau Not printed.

63. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return showing all
the uew^ post offices opened in the County of Bonaventure, since October, 1911, up lo
date, and a copy of the correspondence in connection therewith, together with the
names of such post offices and postmasters, and the location of such offices; and also
a copy of all papers asking for such offices. Presented 14th January, 1913. — Mr. Marcil
(Bonarcnture) Not printed

64

Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all peti
tions, correspondence, memoranda, recommendations and other papers or documente
in the possession of the Department of Marine and Fisheries relating to the "proposals
tp supply medicine or medical attendance free, or otherwise, to Canadian boat fishev
men. Presented 14th January. 1913.— -Ur. Sinclair Not printed

65. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre

spondence, petitions, complaints, memoranda, rejwrts and investigations regarding the
service performed by the steamer Canada, owned by the Inter-Provincial Navigation
Company of Fraserville, Quebec, since October, 1911, up to date, and also of all doc-i-
ments bearing on the present contract with the Department of Trade and Commerce,
or the renewal or extension thereof. Presented 14th January, 1913.— .Mr. Slarcil
{Bonaventure) Not printed

66. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

documents, telegrams, letters, &c., relating to the matter of the establishment of a
lobster hatchery at Spry Bay, Halifax County, N.S. Presented 14th January, 1913.

— Mr. Maclean {Halifax) Not printed.

7G

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

67. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
•documents, telegrams, &c., between the Department of Trade and Commerce and any
company, person or persons, relative to the continuance and payment of a subsidy to-
wards a steamship service between St. John, N.B., and Bea'- River, N.S., for the
fiscal year 1912, and performed during the fiscal year 1911. Presented 17th Januar"
1913.— Me. Maclean (Halifax) Not priiiicd.

67(1. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
documents, memoranda, letters, telegrams and documents bearing on a request fo-
a subsidy for a steam service between Bonaventure, Quebec, or anj' other part of
Bonaventure County and Bathurst, New Brunswick, or any other part of Gloucester
County, New Brunswick, and between New Richmond, Quebec, and Dalhousie, New
Brunswick, and between Carleton and Miguasha, Quebec, and Dalhousie, New Bruns-
swick, or Campbellton, New Brunswick, or both, as well as a copy of all replies made
for such subsidies and this since October, 1911, to date. Presented 14th .Tanuary.
■1913. — Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

67b. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-
ber, 1912, for a copy of all advertisements, tenders, contracts, orders in council
memoranda, papers, letters and correspondence in any way relating to a subsidized
steamship service between Canadian ports and any ports of the British West Indies,
or any proposed improvement or extension of such steamship service since 1st Novem-
.ber, 1911 to the present time. Presented 15th January, 1913 I^ot printed.

67c. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all reports
made by officials of the Department of Railways and Canals on the Quebec and
Oriental railway, and the .Atlantic, Quebec and Western railways, together with a
statement of the subsidies paid such railways since October, 1911, up to date, aud a
copy of all correspondence in that connection. Presented 17th January, 1913.— Mr
Marcil (Bonaventure) Not pririfcd

67d. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre
spondence between the Minister of Railways or any other member of the governmenv
and any person regarding the acquisition by the government of Canada of the Que
bee Oriental railway, formerly the Atlantic and Lake Superior railway, and the At-
lantic, Quebec and Western railway, or both. Presented 27th January, 1913. — Mr.
Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

67e. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of the report
made to the Minister of Railways and Canals by the party of government engineers
who inspected the Quebec and Saguenay railway during December, 1912, January,
1913. Presented 27th February, 1913.— -Wr. Lemieux Not printed.

67/. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all reports
ma:!e by .any engineers or accountants to the Minister o"f Railways and Canals on the
usefulness of the Atlantic, Quebec and Western railway and the Quebec Oi-iental rail-
way, to the Intercolonial railway as branch lines or feeders. Presented 27th Feb-
ruary, 1913.— 3/r.' Marcil (Bonaecnture) Not printed.

67ff. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decern
ber, 1912, for a copy of all papers, documents, petitions, orders in Council, memor-
anda, correspondence, &c., by and between the government of Canada or any member
thereof, and the government of the province of British Columbia, or any member
thereof, since 1st May, 1912, relating to the subject to an increase of the provincial
subsidy to the said province. Presented 16th April, 1913. — Mr. Maclean (Halifax).

Printed for sessional papers.

77

3 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessioual Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME Z7—Continned.

67h. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 20th
January, 19!3, for a copy of all documents and memorials of the government of Bri-
tish Columhia presenting claims for additional provincial subsidies, and of all corro
spondence and orders in council on the same. Piesentcd ISth .4pril, 1913. — Sir Wilfriil
Laiiricr Printed for sessional papers.

67'. Copy of agreement made T\ith the several provinces as to the expenditure of the sub-
sidies granted under the Agricultural Aid Act, and statement showing the purposes for
vhich said subsidies are to be expended. Presented 6th June, 1913, by Hon. Mr
Burrell A'o* printed.

68. Copies of general oi'ders promulgated to the militia for the period bet-neen 2nd Nove-n-

ber, 1911, and 5th Novmber, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hughes, 14th January, 1913.

Not printed,

69. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Charles Titzpatrick,

P.C., &c., administrator, of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all paipers, documents,-
petitions, letters, telegrams, orders in council and other papers and documents in
possession of the Department of Customs, relating to the duty payable on twine used
for fishing purposes, and especially relating to the construction placed upon item 082
of the Customs Tariff. Presented 23rd May, 1913.— .Ifr. Sinclair Not printed.

70. Return to an Order of the House of the 30th Kovember, 1912, for a return showing:—

1. The date when the present Canadian Pure Food Act, now known as the
Adulteration Act, R.S.C., was enacted.

2. What foods, beverages or drugs have standards of strength and purity undi'i
the Act been fixed, and what are the dates when such standards become operative.

3. What foods, beverages or drugs have standards of strength and purity been pre-
pared and recommended from time to time by the chief analyst, which have not been
put in force, and why were such standards not put in force.

4. How many cases of adulteration together with cases which show standards of
quality below those requi/ed by the Adulteration Act, have been ascertained by th~
Dominion analyst since the said Act came into operation.

5. In how many of such cases did prosecutions under the Act or under the Criminal
Code follow, and in how many cases were convictions secured. Presented 14th Jan-
uary, 1913.— Mr. McDonnell Not printed.

71. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre
spondence, negotiations, propcsals in writing and other papers and documents in th ■
possession of the government, or any department thereof, relating to reciprocity in
trade with the United States, bearing date between (he 1st day of January, 1890, and
the 31st day of December, 1891. Pres^jnted 14th January, 1913.— Afr. Sinclair.

Not printed

T2. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams, &c., exchanged between the member for Bellechasse County and the Min-
ister of Agriculture and the Postmaster General, concerning the appointment of an
additional physician at (he quarantine station of Grosse He. Presented 14th January.
1913.— Mr. Lemieux .\ Not printed.

72n. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre
pondence, documents, recommendations and reports concerning the appointment of
Doctor Pomminville, to the position of surgeon of the St. Vincent de Paul peniten-
tiary, replacing Doctor A. Allaire. Presented 21th January, 1913.— Mr. Wilson
(Laval) Not printed.

78

3 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

72b. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams, correspondence and other documents relating to the appointment of Charles
W. Hatfield, fishery officer on the Tusket River, Yarmouth County, N.S. Presented
27th January. 1913.~-'Wr. Latr Not printed.

72c. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all corrd
spondence, letters, requests, telegrams and other documents relating to the appoint-
ment of Louis Nadeau as postmaster at Ste. Christine, County of Bagot. Presented
4th February, 1913.— il/r. Mareil Not printed

72d. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all orders
letters, telegrams and other documents in connection with the appointment of Lt.-Col.
Warburton, as administrative medical officer at the Charlottetown camp in 1912, and
of all letters and telegrams asking for a change in the said appointment, and of all
orders and other documents relating to his being superseded, and to the appointment
of his junior, Lt.-Col. Jenkins, in his place. Presented 13th February, 1913.— Mr.
ilacdonald Not printed.

72e. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all docu-
ments, letters, correspondence, recommendations, reports, &c., relating to the appoiut-
ment of Mr. J. Begin as manager of the experimental farm at Ste. Anne de la Poca-
tie-e. Presented 13th February, 1913. — Mr. Lapointe (Kamouraska) Not printed-.

72/. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all corre-
spondence exchanged bet-neen Dr. Marcotte, M. Lavallee, M.P., the Honourable th-,
Postmaster General and the Minister of Agriculture, concerning the appointment of
an additional medical officer at Grosse Isle quarantine station. Presented 19th Feb-
ruary, 1913.— Mr. Lemieiix , Not printed.

72g. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a copy of all letter .
telegrams, recommendations and other papers in connection with the appointment of
John Macdonald as Inspector of Inland Revenue for the Maritime Provinces, and of
all letters, telegrams, applications, recommendations and other papers received from
any other person or persons relative to the applications of other persons for the posi
tion. Presented 17th March, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

7Zh. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
petitions, telegrams, recommendations and other papers and documents, in the pos-
session of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, or any department of the govern
ment, relating to the appointment of F. W. Kelley, M.D., as port physician at Bridge
water, N.S. Presented 18th March, 1913.— -Mr. Law Not printed

72i. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the •ith Decern
ber, 1912, for a return showing all appointments to office under the Dominion govern-
ment in the constituency of E<lmonton from 10th October, 1911, to 31st November.
1912, with a statement of the salaries in each case, together with a copy of all corre-
spondence, recommendation to council, orders in council, and all other papers or
documents in a'9y way connected with such appointments. Presented 2Sth March,
1913.— Mr. Oliver Not printed.

72j. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, recommendations, reports, memoranda and other documents bearing on th i
appointment of a general foreman, or other permanent or temporary officials, of the
Department of Public Works in the County of Bonaventure since October, 1911, up to
date, with the names, residences, duties and salaries of such appointees. Presented
2nd May, 1913. — Mr. Mareil {Bonaventure) Not printed.

79

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

72t. Appointment of Mr. McCloskie as postmaster at Waukau, British Cohimbia. — (Senate)

.Yof prinied.

73. Keturu to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-

ber, 1912, for a return showing all changes made in the Customs Tariff of Canada by
order in council since the close of last session of parliament. Presented 14th January,
1913 Not printed.

74. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th Deceml>er, 1913, for a return showing the

quantity and value of molasses of cane, as defined in tariff item No. 137a, imported
into Canada for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1912, from each island of the Bri-
tish West Indies, which are parties to the Canada-West India Trade Agreement. Pre-
sented 14th January, 1913. — Mr. Macleayi (Halifax) Not printed.

75. Letter of the Honourable F. D. Monk, M.P., to the Right Honourable the Prime

Minister, resigning his position as Minister of Public Works, and the letter of the
Prime Minister in acknowledgment thereof. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 14th
January, 1913 Not printed.

75a. Return to an Order of the House of the 26th May, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
reports, documents and all other communications relating to the appointment of
Colonel Crowe as Commandant of the Royal Military College and to his resignation
of said position, or to the extension of his term of service or to the termination
thereof, and of all papers or letters passing between the minister and Colonel Crowe,
relative to his resignation or the failure to extend his term of service. Presented 3rd
June, 1913.— Mr. MacdonaUt Not printed

75b. Return to an Order of the House of the 26th May, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
reports, complaints and other communications and documents which passed between
General McKenzie and the Minister of Militia or. his department, "previous to, and
which Ifd up to the resignation of General McKenzie; and also a copy of said resigna-
tion, and the reply of the minister thereto, and of any and all communications had
with the War Oflice thereto, and of all other papers and documents in connection
therewi'^h. Presented 4th June, 1913.--M''. Mucdonald Not printed.

76. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

letters, telegrams, complaints and reports, bearing on the delay in the payment of
census enumerators in the County of Bonaventure, in connection with the last census,
together with the names, residences, amounts, and dates of payment. Presented 15tb
January, 1913. — Mr. Marcil (Bonaventnrc) Not printed.

77. Report of departmental commission on the official statistics of Canada. Presented 15th

January, J913 Printed for distribjttion only.

78. Return to an Order of the House of the 18th March, 1912, for a copy of all correspond-

ence in the possession of the Postmaster General respecting the change of name ot
Broderick post office in the Province of Saskatchewan, to St. Aldwyn. Presented 15th
January, 1913 Not printed.

78a. Return to an Order of the House of the 30th November, 1911, for a copy of all papers,
telegrams, letters, &c., between the Postmaster General and any other person respect-
ing the closing or removal of the present post office at .Spry Bay, Halifax County. Pre-
sented loth January, 1913.— Afr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed.

79. Report of the commissioner Dominion Police Force, for the year 1912. Presented by

Hon. Mr. Foster, 15th January, 1913 Not printed.

SO

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

80. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, complaints, reports and all documents relating to the cancelling of lease
No. 18778, consented to by the Honourable Minister of Railways and Canals, to Aurile
Leboeuf, on the 12th December, 1910.— Presented 16th January, 1913. — Mr. Papiiicaii.

Nut printed

81. Return to an Address to His Eoyal Highness the Governor General of the *th Decem-

ber, 1912, for a copy of all orders in council passed since 1st October, A.D. 1911, relat-
ing to the Board of Management of the Government Railways of Canada, or otf any
other member thereof, or in any way affecting the same, or any official of the lutei-
colouial Railway, as regards the duties to be performed or the powers to be exercised
by the said Boai-d or any member thereof, or by any such official, together with a copy
of all recommendations, letters, applications, instructions, or other correspondence, in
any manner relating thereto or having regard to the E.aid orders in council as to the
management of the Intercolonial railway. Presented 17th January, 1913. — Mr. Emmer.
son Not printed

81a. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 4th De-
cember, 1912, for a copy of a certain Order in Council issued during the cxirrent year
by which certain official reports formerly made "^o Board of Management of the Inter
colonial Railw ay have been ordered in future to be made to Mr. F. P. Brady. Pre-
sented 17th January, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair JVot printed.

82. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

including surveys, tenders, and every other record, or document in the possession of
the Department of Railways and Canals or any other department of the government
relating to the building of a line of railway from Estmere, County of Victoria, Prov-
ince of Nova Scotia, to the town of Baddeck in the same county. Presented 17) h
January, 1913.— Mr. McKemie Not printed.

83. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-

ber, 1912, for a copy of all documents, papers, tenders, contracts, orders in council
and correspondence in connection with the supply of castings, for and the purchase of
scrap iron from the eastern division of the Intercolonial Railway since 1st May, 1912.
Presented 17th January, 1913.— Mr. Maclean {Halifax) Not printed.

83a. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a return showing the
names of the employees on the dining cars of the Intercolonial Railway and the nature
of their employment; and also of the employees on the Pullman cars of the Inter-
colonial Railway and the nature of their employment. Presented 17th January, 1913.
—Mr. Boulay Not printed.

83b. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers
documents, telegrams, letters, &c., relating t>» a strike of temporary employees of the

Intercolonial Railway at Halifax, in August, 1912. . Presented 27th January. 19i3.

Mr. Mclean {Salifax) Not printed.

83c. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all evi-
dence plans, reports, correspondence, &c., respecting an inquiry held concerning an
accident on the Intercolonial Railway at St. Andre de Kamouraska on 7th Octoljer
1912, caused by train No. 33, the maritime express going west. Presented 27th Jan-
uary, 1913.— .Mr. Lapointe (Kamouraska) Not printed.

83d. Return to an Order of the House, of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of the evi
deuce taken at the inquiry held in the month of November, 1912, by Mr. MacDonald
43849—6 81

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

snperintendent of the Intercolonial at Levis, in reference to Alfred Lan^ay, an
employee of the Intercolonial at St. Charles, County of Bellecliasse. Presented 27th
February, 1913. — Mr. Lapoitite (Kamotirasha.) Not printed.

83e. Return to an Order of the Honse of the 19th February, 1913, for a copy of all tele-
grams, letters, petitions, reports of engineers, plans, surveys, and other documents in
the possession of the Department of Railways and Canals, and having been received
since 1st January, 1912, relating to the construction of a branch line of the Inter-
colonial Railway into Guysborough County. Presented 18th March, 1913.— Mr. Sin-
clair Not printed.

83/. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1913, for a copy of all petitions,
resolutions, letters, telegrams and correspondence, relating to free or reduced trans-
portation of hay over the Intercolonial Railway for the farmers of Antigonish County,
Nova Scotia, and also of the evidence taken and report made as to the shortage of
hay in that and other of the eastern counties of Nova Scotia. Presented 18th March.
1913.— 3/r. Chisholm (.intigonish) Not printed.

83g. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters
telegrams, tenders, acceptances of tenders, cancellation of tenders and other papers
and documents in the possession of the Department of Railways and Canals, or any
department of the government, bearing date after 1st July, 1912, relating to the supply
of ice for the use of the Intercolonial Railway at Mulgrave, N.S. Presented 18th
March, 1913.— Afr. Sinclair Not printed.

83h. Return to an Order of the House of the 12th February, 1913, for a copy of all letters
correspondence, petitions and other documents, on file in the Department of Rail-
ways and Canals, or in the office of the Intercolonial Railway at Moncton, relating
or in any way appertaining to the new public wharf at Sackville, N.B., and the nece>
eity of establishing in the interest of the traffic of the Intercolonial Railway, and of the
shipping and trade facilities of S.ickville, aud of the commerce of communities adja-
cent thereto, rail connections between the said wharf and the main line of the sai.l
railways at Sackville station; also of all letters and other communications receive!
by the chairman or vice-chairman of the Government Railways Managing Board, or
by any official of the said railway, relating in any manner to the said subject, receive'l
by them or any of them during the years 1911, 1912 and 1913. Presented l9th March,
1913.— Mr. Emmerson Not printed

83i. Return to Order of the House of the 19th March, 1013, for a return showing who the
tenderers were, and the amount of each tender for the supply of castings for the
Intercolonial Railway during the present year. Presented 26th March, 1913. — Mr.
Macdonald Not printed.

83;. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a return showing how
many kegs of nails were purchased in 1912 for the Intercolonial Railway; the prices
paid therefor in each case; whether tenders were invited in the case of each purchase
and, if so, who the respective tenderers were and the prif-es submitted; to whom were
the contracts awarded in each case. Presented 28th March, 1913.— Mr. Murphy.

Not printed.

83k. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a return showing the
amounts received by the Intercolonial Railway for freight and passengers respectively
for each of the twelve months of the calendar years 1910, 1911 and 1912, at the follow-
ing stations: — Montreal, Halifax, St. John, Sydney, Truro, Moncton, New Glasgow

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

and Amherst ; also, the total receipts of the said railway for freight and passenger^,
resiiectively during each of the said years. Presented 28th March. 1913.— Afr. Rhodes.

Not printed.

831. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th January, 1913, for a copy of all letteis,
correspondence, telegrams, representations, requests and reports on file in the Depart-
me:!t of Railv, ays and Canals, or in the offices of the Intercolonial Railway at Monc-
ton, or among the records of the Gorernment Railways Managing Board, or in the
office of the assistant chairman of the Government Railways Managing Board, relat
ing to or in any way connected with the water supply system at Dorchester station
on the Intercolonial railway, or relating to the absence of and the total failure to
provide a supply of water for drinking or other purposes at that station, or in con-
nection with the dwelling of the station agent in the Station Honse; and also of all
correspondence, letters, requests, recommendations and reports relating to the alleged
necessity of additional clerical or other help or assistance at the station. Presented
21st April, 1913.— Mr. Emmerson Not printed.

83m. Return to an Order of the House of the 12th February, 1913, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, letters, telegrams, reports and other papers on file in the Department of
Rai'ways and Canals, or in the offices of the Intercolonial Railway at Moncton, relat-
ing to M. L. Tracy, an employee of the mechanical department of the Intercolonial
during the years 1S99 and 1900, and of all letters and correspondence relating to the
case of the said M. L. Tracy, passing between the then Minister of Railways and
Canals and any of the officials of the railway, during those years; also a copy of the
letters of D. Pottinger, then general manager, the late James E. Price, then general
superintendent, and the late M. Jarvis, then" a divisional superintendent of said rai'-
way, relating to the same subject during the said period of 1899 and 1900. Presented
2lst April, 1913.— ilfr. Emmerson i Not printed.

83n. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a statement of ali
amounts collected by the Intercolonial Railway for freight on hay carried from
Amherst and other stations on the Intercolonial, County of Cumberland, to Anti
gonish, N.S., and consigned to C. Edgar Whidden or C. B. Whidden & Son, in the
month of January last and February instant, and by whom such freight was paid;
also a copy of all way bills and bills of lading for the same. Presented 21st April, 1913
—Mr. Ch ishohn (.1 ntigonish) Not printed.

83o. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd February, 1913, for a copy of all letters
petitions, telegrams, complaints, communications, reports and other papers and docu-
ments, received since the 1st day of October, 1911, by and now in the possession of the
Department of Railways and Canals, the Government Railway Managing Board or
any official of the Intercolonial Railway or of the Prince Edward Island railway, relat-
ing to or in any manner appertaining to an application for, or a proposed reduction
of the working hours for the Intercolonial railway employees at Moncton, or at any
other point of the Intercolonial railway or the Prince Edward Island railway. Pre-
sented 21st April, 1913.— A/r. Emmerson Not printed.

83p. Return to an Order of the House of the 21th February, 1913, for a copy of all com-
plaints, requirements, requisitions, petitions, and correspondence of all kinds made
by the Sydney, N.S., Board of Trade, or by the citizens of the city of Sydney, or any
of them, having reference to better and increased facilities on the Intercolonial Rail-
way on the Sydney division. Presented 21st April, 1913. — Mr. Carroll.

Not printed.
43849— 6J 83

3 George V. Alpliabetioal Index to Sessioual Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

83q. Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
papers and other documents relating to the claim for damages for the death of the
y. uns son of Thomas Hoare, who was tilled at a crossing of the Intercolonial Rail-
way in the town of Stellarton in the summer of 1912, and of all petitions, letters, and
other papers asking for the placing of gates or other protection at said crossing.
Tresented 1st April, 1913.— Vr. ilacdonald Not printed

83r. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th April, 1913, for a copy of al' correspond
ence exchanged between the Department of Railways and Canals at Moncton and the
same department at Campbellfon, on the subject of the collision which occurred at
St. Moise, during the month of February, 1913, between the trains of E. Smith and
the regular train No. 99, omitting from it the inquiry held in the matter. Presented
29th April, 1913.— Vr. Boulay Not printed.

83s. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th April, 1913, for a return showing the
names, residences and occupations of all the employees of the Intercolonial Railway
who have been dismissed in the County of Rimousti since the 21st September, 1911.
Presented i9th April, 1913.— Mr. Lapointe (Kamouraska) Not printed.

83/. Certified copy of a report of the Privy Council of the 5th May, 1913, covering the
appointment of Frederick Passmore Gutelius. as general manager of Government
Railwaj-s. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 7th May, 1913 Not printed.

83u. Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
memorials, petitions, correspondence, reports and other documents in the Department
of the Postmaster General, or on file therein, relating or in any wise appertaining
to the inauguration or establishing of railway mail facilities between Moncton, N.B.,
westward over the Intercolonial Railway towards St. John, in the morning, so as to
furnish, among other things, opportunities for the transmission of newspapers and
othir mail matter, along said railway, to make morning connection with the railway
mail facilities afforded by the railway ifrom Salisbury, Westmorland County, N.B., run-
ning into Albert County, N.B. ; and also relating to the establishment of railway mail
facilities on each week day evening between Moncton eastward over the said railway
by train known as number 84, running between Moncton, N.B., and Springhill Junc-
tion, Nova Scotia, thus afiording the direct mail connection for newspapers and other
mail matter each evening from Moncton to Shediac, Memramcook, Dorchester, Sack-
ville, Amherst, and intermediate points east of Moncton; together with a statement
showing what, if any, such railway mail facilities, either by locked bag or otherwise,
were established or furnished over either of the said routes, and stating the respec-
tive dates when the same were so established or furnished generally, or in relation to
any one of the newspapers published in Moncton, either in the morning or in the
evening. Presented 13th May, 1913.— Mr. Emmerson Not printed.

83i'. Return sliowing whether any contract has been made for the construction or supply
of cars of any kind to the Intercolonial Railway since 1st January, 1913, and if so, to
whom the contract was awarded; the number of cars, kind or class, and the price to
be paid; whether any tenders were called for previous to awarding said contract, and
if so, who the tenderers were, the amount of the tender in each case, and if tenders
were calld for by private request or public advertisement. Presented 21st May, 1913.
—Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

83u-. Return to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a return showing all
amounts collected by the Intercolonial Railway for freight on hay shipped from
Amherst and other stations on the Intercolonial, in the County of Cumberland, to
Antigonish and other stations in the County of Antigonish, during the months of

84

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21— Continued.

January, February and March last; the name of the consigners and of the con-
signees, the amount of freight paid on each shipment and by whom paid; also a cojiy
of all way-bills and bills of lading for same. Presented 6th June, 1913.— Mr. Chls-
holm (Aniiaonish) Not printed.

84. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-

ber, 1912, for a copy of all papers, documents, memoranda, orders in council, letters
and correspondence, relating in any way to the closing of the Canadian Immigration
Office at Boston, U.S.A., in 1911, and its subsequent re-establishment. Presented 17th
January, 1913.-ilfr. McLean (Halifajc) Not printed

85. Copies of despatches dated 11th December, 1912, which have been addressed to the

Governors General of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Union of South Africa
and the Governors of New Zealand and Newfoundland, on the subject of repre-
sentation of the self-governing Dominions on the Committee of Imperial Defence. Pre-
sented by Hon. Mr. Borden. 17th .lauuary, i913 Not printed.

86. Reports in connection with the Tides and Current* of Northumberland Strait. —

(Sennte) Not printed.

87. Archives Branch, re transferring ofifrom Department of Agriculture to Secretary of

State.— (5enatp) Not printed.

88. Commission appointed to investigate Indian reserves of British Columbia. — (Senate).

Not printed.

89. Insurance rates between Canadian Atlantic ports, and ports in the United Kingdom. —

(Senate) Printed for distributio/i and sessional papers.

90. Report of departmental commission relating to official statistics of Canada. — (Senate).

Printe d for distribution only.

91. Copy of the Sixth Joint Report of the Commissioners for the Demarcation of the Meri

dian of the lilst degree of west longitude. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 21st Jan-
uary, 1913 Not printed.

92. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

documents, petitions, memoranda, correspondence, &c., with the Government of Bri-
tish Columbia or any member thereof, with the fishery officers of the Marine and
Fisheries Department resident in said province, with salmon canneries in said prov-
ince, and with any company, person or persons, relating to the prohibition of the
export of sockeye salmon from the said province of British Columbia since 15th
October, 1911. Presented 20th January, 1913.— A/r. Maclean (Halifax). .. .Not printed.

93. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th March, 1912, for a copy of all correspond-

ence and memoranda on the subject of cable rates, exchanged between the Canadian
Post Office Department and the British Post Office Department. Presented 20th
January, 1913. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

94. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-

ber, 1912, for a copy of all papers, documents, letters, Ac, between the Government of
Canada and the Commonwealth of Australia for the past twelve months relative to
the matter of preferential tariff arrangements between the said two countries. Pre-
sented 21st Jaituary, I913.-Mr. Maclean (Halifax). .Printed for sessional papers only.

95. Report of Mr. Olivar Asselin on an investigation of Belgian and French emigration to

Canada. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 21st January, 1913.

Printed for distribution a.nd sessional papers.
85

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

S5o. Keturn to an Order of tlie House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all com
plaints, letters, papers, reports, and Of all documents bearing on the inTestigation
held at Port Daniel West, Quebec, into the conduct of Edward Dea, as oTerseer or
guardian of the lobster hatchery at that place. Presented 22nd January, 1913. — Mr.
ilarcil Not printed.

95b. Report of R. A. Pringle, Esq., K.C., in relation to the investigation of the wreck of
the steamer Maijflouer, on the 12th November, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 6th
February, 1913 Not printed.

95c. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 29th Jan.
nary, 1913, for a copy of the report of the commission appointed to investigate com-
plaints against the United Shoe Machinery Company, together with the order in
council appointing the commission, the complaints upon which the order was issued
and all action, if any, taken by the government on report of commission, by order in
council or otherwise. Presented 11th February, 1913. — Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

Not printed

95d. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th January, 1913, for a copy of all evidence,
letters, telegrams and other documents in connection with the investigation into th?
stranding of the D. G. steamer Earl Grey at Toney River, County of Pictou, in the
spring of 1912; of the reports of the commissioner investigating the same, and of all
correspondence, telegrams and documents in connection therewith, and of any depart-
mental action in connection therewith. Presented 18th March, 1913. — Mr. Macdonald.

Not printed

95e. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all letter;,
papers, evidence and other documents in connection with the investigation into tha
collision between the steamship City of Sydney and the tug boat Dotigt<is H.
Thomas, in Sydney Harbour, 13th Koveriber, 1912, and of the findings and reports
of the commissioner holding the investigation in regard to the same. Presented 2nd
April, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

96. Report of the Second International Moral Education Congress held at the Hague, 22nd

to 27th of August, 1912, and as related thereto, on moral instruction in the Canadian
public schools, &c., by Mr. J. A. M. Aikins, who was appointed by the government to
represent Canada at that Congress. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 21st January,
1913 Printed for distribution only.

97. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all pay-lists,

letters, documents, letters and other papers in connection with the expenditures at
Cariboo Island in the County of Pictou. Presented 21st January, 1913.— Mr
Macdonald Not printed.

98. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd January, 1913, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, letters and telegrams between the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, or
any officer of his department, and J. A. Gillies, K.C., Sydney, relating to the purchase
from John B. Nicholson, of a site for a salmon hatchery at Snidlope Lake, Richmond
County, N.S., and also of all accounts, charges and vouchers received from the said
J. A. Gillies, for services in connection therewith and the payments made to the said
J. A. Gillies in respect of the same. Presented 7th February, 1913.— 3/r. Kyte.

Not printed.
86

3 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

I

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

99. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
documents and correspondence, between the Department of Public Works and any
person or persons relating to the placing of obstructions in the waters of South West
Cove, Lunenburg County, N.S. Presented 24th January, 1913.— Mr. Maclean
(Hali}ax) Not printed.

100. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all pay-lists,

letters, documents, telegrams and other papers in connection with the expenditure-i
at Skinner's Cove in the County of Pictou. Presented 21th January, 1913.— Mr.
Mncdonald Not printed.

101. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 22nd Jan-

uary, 1912, for a copy of all correspondence between the government of Canada and
the government of the Province of Ontario, with regard to the extension of the
boundaries of the said province. Presented 28th January, 1913.— 5ir Wilfrid Laurier.

Not printed.

102. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, reports, and documents, bearing on the claim of C. R. Scoles, of Ne»f
Carlisle, Quebec, to a balance of subsidy voted to the Atlantic and Lake Superior
railway, since October, 1911, to date. Presented 24th January, 1913.— Mr. Marcil.

Not printed.

103. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, ifor a copy of all corre-

spondence, letters, telegrams, reports and other documents concerning an alleged
defalcation in the accounts of Joseph J. Melanson, clerk in the customs office at
Bathurst, County of Gloucester, which caused an 'nquiry to be held on the 23rd of
October last by the Provincial Inspector of Custome, with the name of the accuser.
Presented 24th January, 1913.— Mr. Turgeon Not printed.

104. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

letters and telegrams in the custody of the Department of Railways and Canals, or
any other department of the government, between the 1st day of September, 1874,
and the 1st day of September, 1879, relating to the acquisition or expropriation of
lands at St. Peters, N.S., for canal purposes, and relating to the appointment of
valuators to apprise the value of such lands; the instructions to such valuators, the
report or reports of such valuators, the area of lands taken, and the price paid for
same; and also the amount paid each valuator for his services. Presented 27th
January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

105. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all the

different freight tariffs in force on the line of railway from Matapedia, Quebec, to
New Carlisle, Quebec, and from New Carlisle, to Gascons, Quebec, and vice versa,
and of any requests that have been received in regard to the change in the same;
and also a copy of any requests, petitions, letters, or other documents complaining
of the said tariffs. Presented 27th January, 1913.— Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure).

Not printed.

105a. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of the
different freight tariffs in force on the line of railway from Sunny Brae to Ferrona
Junction, on the Intercolonial Railway, and of any requests thnt have been received
in regard to the change in the same, and also a copy of any requests, petitions,
letters or other documents complaining of said tariff. Presented 27th January, 1913.

— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

87

3 George V. Alphabetical Lidex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

106. Eetiirn to an Order of the House of the oth December, 1912, for a copy of the original

instructions, including maps, specifications, profiles, ic, furnished the engineers on
the eastern division of the Transcontinental railway between Winnipeg and Quebec
by the chief engineer of the Transcontinental Commission, and approved by the
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company. Also of all instructions, including specifi-
cations and profiles, issued by the chief engineer of the Transcontinental Commission
or by the chairman, since 31st October, 1911, which in any way vary, amend, or depart
from the original instructions above mentioned. Also, of all correspondence between
the Minister of Railways or any official of his department and the chairman of the
Transcontinental Commission, or the chief engineer, concerning the departxire from
the original instructions, either as to the grades, curves and bridges or other per-
manent structures. Also a copy of all correspondence between the Minister of Rail-
ways or any member of the government and any official of the Grand Trunk Pacific
Railway Company referring to change of original instructions as regards grades,
curves or permanent structures on the said line between Winnipeg and Quebec; and
also of all correspondence between the chairman of the Transcontinental Commission
or the chief engineer and any official of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company,
or any member of its engineering stafi, concerning the proposed change of grades,
cnrves, or other permanent structures on the line of the Transcontinental between
Winnipeg and the City of Quebec. Presented 30th January, 1913— Afr. Graham.

Not prhited.

106a. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th May, 191.3, for a copy of a letter, dated
2+th September, 1901, written by Chief Engineer Lumsden of the Transcontinental
Commission to Chairman Wade of the same body, in which the former recommended
to the latter certain grades on the Transcontinental railway. Presented 15th May,
1913. — Mr. Graham Not printed.

107. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th January, 1913, for a copy of all papers in

connection with a claim of L. A. Sauve to certain buildings at La Pointe des Cascades,
on the Soulanges canal, and of all correspondence on the same. Presented 30th
January, 1913.— Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.

108. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th December, 1912, for a copy of the contract

entered into between the Department of Railways and Canals and W. H. Weller for
St. Peters canal improvements, and for a copy of all correspondence between the con-
tractor or any other person, firm or corporation and the Honourable Minister of
Railways and Canals relating to the dumping of material removed by the contractor.
Presented 30th January, 1913.— Mr. Kyte A'of printed.

108a. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all corre-
spondence between the Department of Railways and Canals and C. D. Sargent, C.E.,
and between C. D. Sargent, C.E., and H. G. Stanton, Superintending Engineer of the
St. Peters Canal, or between W. H. Weller, contractor for the St. Peters canal
improvements, and either or all of said parties relative to work done by the con-
tractor outside of his contract, and the specifications thereof, and also a copy of all
correspondence, letters and telegrams between the Department of Railways and Canals
or C. D. Sargent, C.E., anil any other person, in regard to the same; and of all
accounts and vouchers rendered by the contractor to the government of such work,
and the payment made by the government to the contractor, specifying whether the
same is paid for in full or otherwise. Presented 21st April, 1913.— Mr. Kyfc.

Not printed.

106b. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a copy of the accovats
of personal expenses paid to Mr. St. Amour, Superintendent of the Soulanges Canal,

88

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 10].'

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

since he entered upon his duties. — Also return to an Order of the House of the 2nd
April, 1913, for a copy of all accounts for personal expenses paid by the government
to Mr. St. Amour, Superintendent of the Soulanges Canal, since the date of his
appointment. Presented 29th April, 1913.— Mr. Boyer Not printed.

109. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1915, for a copy. of all corre-

spondence, letters, telegrams, petitions and other documents received since the 1st
day of January. 1912, asking that the line of railway known as the Vale Road, should
be taken over by the Intercolonial Railway. Presented 30th January, 1913.— Mr.
Macdonald Not printed.

110. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, if or a copy of all corre-

spondence in connection with the issuing of letters patent to the Quebec Railway,
Light, Heat and Power Company, Limited, and also said letters patent. Presented
3Dth January, 1913. — Mr. Lemicux Not printed.

111. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

documents, correspondence, &c., between the Department of Trade and Commerce and
Mr. Donnelly, late Canadian Trade Commissioner in Mexico, relating to the closing
oif the ofiBce of such trade commissioner in Mexico. Presented 3rd February, 1913. —
Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed.

112. Return called for by Section 88 of Chapter 62, Revised Statutes of Canada, requiring

that the Minister of the Interior shall lay before parliament, each year, a return of
liquor brought from any place out of Canada into the territories by special permission
in writing of the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories. Presented by Hon.
Mr. Roche, 3rd February, 1913 Not printed.

113. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,

telegrams and other papers and documents, relating to the resignation of Lt.-Col.
W. F. Moore, 20th Regiment, Halton Rifles, and also of the resignation and the reply
thereto. Presented 6th February, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

114. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,

papers, telegrams and other documents in connection with the strike of firemen and
other men employed on the D.G.S. Earl Grey, in the year 1912 and 1913. Presented
11th February, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

115. Return to an Order o<f the House of the 27th March, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

letters and telegrams relating to the applications for, or the granting of, a lease of
False Cove Flats, Vancouver, B.C. Presented 11th February, 1913.— Mr. MacdonaJd.

Not printed.

116. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-

ence and other papers in connection -nith a proposed guarantee of bonds to the Quebec
and Saguenay railway. Presented 11th February, 1913. — Mr. Lemienx Not printed.

116a. Return to an Order of the House cif the 9th April, 1913. for a copy of all documents,
including petitions, memorials, letters and telegrams, addressed to the government, or
any of its members, urging it to take over and incorporate into the Canadian govern-
meiit railway system, the Quebec and Oriental Railway and the Atlantic, Quebec and
Western Railway, with a copy of all the answers thereto. Presented 20th May, 1913.

— Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

89

3 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

116b. Keturn to an Address to His Eoyal lligliness th: Governor General of the 11th De-
cember, 1912, for a copy of all orders in council in connection with the construction
(if a line of railway from St. John to Grand Falls in the Prorince of New Brunswick,
Or any portion thereof and also of all plans and profiles filed with the Department of
Railways and Canals by the St. John and Quebec Railway Company, and of all corre-
spondence between the Department of Railways and Canals or any official thereof and
with the said comp.^ny or the Government of the Province of New Brunswick, or any
oliieial thereof, with reference to the curves, grades or general specifications of the
said railway or any portion thereof. Presented 20th May, 1913.— Air. Carvell.

Not printed.

Il6c. Ecturn to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all memorials,
petitions, letters, and other documents submitted to the Board of Railway Commis-
sioners from 1st January, 1913, to date, by any party whatsoever regarding the service
of the Quebec and Oriental Railway and the Atlantic, Quebec and Western Railway, as
to freight, passengers and express matters, with a copy of all orders and rulings
issued by such Board and of all correspondence in connection therewith. Presented
20th May, 1913.— Mr. Marcil (Bonaventvre) Not printed.

117. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 5th Decem-

ber. 1912, for a return showing the number of appeals made to the Governor in
Council during the twelve months preceding 25th November, 1912, against orders of
the Board of Railway Commissioners, the particulars of each appeal, and the decision
rendered by the Governor in Council in each case. Presented 11th February, 1913. —
Mr. Graham Printed for sessional papers only.

118. Keturn to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 22nd January,

1913, for a copy of all orders in council and of all correspondence relating to the
extension of facilities for obtaining information useful to Canadian Trade and Com-
merce in connection with the British Consular Service. Presented 11th February,
1913.- Mr. Ames.: Not printed.

119. Return to an Order of the House of the 2ith January, 1913, for a return showing all

the employees of the diSerent departments at Ottawa, and also in the nine provinces
and territories of Canada, and other places outside of Canada, in the inside and out-
side service, who have left their employment since the 1st October, 1911, up to the
lOth January, 1912, inclusively, with their names. Christian names, age, nationality,
employment and salaries respectively; the date of their appointment; the date of their
leaving; their salaries, the time of their appointment and at leaving; the reasons of
their leaving; and if replaced or not; the names. Christian name, age, nationality,
employment and salary of thoso who have replaced them; and in the case of dis-
missals, a list of the persons who asked for their dismissals; in the case of these re-
placing them, a list of the persons who recommended their successors Presented
11th February, 1913.— Mr. Wilson (taual) Not printed.

119a. Supplementary return to an Order of the House of the 24th January, 1912, for a
return showing all the employees of the different departments at Ottawa, and also in
the nine provinces and territories of Canada, and other places outside of Canada, in
the inside and outside service, who have left their employment since the 1st October,
1911, up to the lOth January, 1912, inclusively, with their names. Christian names,
age, nationality, employment and salaries respectively; the date of their appointment;
the date of their leaving; their salaries at the time of their appointment and at
leaving; the reasons of their leaving; and if replaced or not; the names. Christian
name, age, nationality, employment and salary of those who have replaced them;

90

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

and in the case of disniissaU, a list of the persons who asked for their dismissals ; in
the case cf these replacing them, a list of the persons who recommended their
surce^sors. Presented 17th March, 1913. — Mr. Wilson {Laval) Not prinied.

120. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 5th February,

1912, for a copy of all tenders, contracts, reports and other memoranda of the engi-
neers of the Department of Public Works, orders in council, correspondence and all
other documents relating to the construction of a dam for storag:e purposes at the
foot of Lake Timiskaming. Presented 12th February, 1913.— Mr. Piigsley.

Not printed.

120n. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1912, for a copy of all contracts,
correspondence or writings whatsoever, respecting the construction of a dam in IftflB
Or 1909, called the Lake Timiskaming dam constructed or built over the rivers form-
ing the inflow or the discharge of the said lake, exchanged between the Government
of Canada and the contractor or contractors. Presented 12th February, 1913. — Mr.
Botilatj A'of prinied.

121. Return to an Order of the House of the 28th March, 1912, for a return giving a list of

tlie subjects of the oil paintings and water colours which have become the property
of the National Gallery of Canada since 1891; and the names of the artists in each
case. Presented 12th February, 1913. — Mr. Burnharn Not printed.

122. Return to an Order cf the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all docu-

ments, letters, correspondence, reports, recommendations, &c., relating to the petition
of Mr. Firmin Thibault, of St. Denis, County of Kamouraska, for his indemnity for
having served at the time of the Fenian invasion. Presented 13th February, 1913 —
Mr. Lapointe (Katnotiraska) Not printed.

123. Return to an Order of the House of the 27tli January, 1913, for a return showing what

date or dates the government purchased the site for the new Dominion Rifle Range
in the County of Carleton, Ontario, from whom were the several parcels of land pur-
chased, and what price per acre was paid for each, the number of acres of land pur-
ch '6ed, and the total amount paid therefor, if any buildings have been erected on the
said lands by the government, and the cost thereof, the amounts paid by the govern-
ment for commissions, fees, agency charges, and legal expenses, and to whom in con-
nection with said purchase, the amount of money expended by the Government on the
said range for all purposes, from the date of the original purchase of the land up to
23rd January, 1913, and any sums remaining to be paid in any way connected with the
purchase of the said range, to whom and the respective amounts thereof, the dis-
tance from the post office in the City of Ottawa to the said range, if any line of elec-
tric or other railway runs from the City of Ottawa to the said range, and what means
of tran'sportation will be provided for riflemen going to and returning from the said
range. Presented I3th February, 1913— Mr. Wilson {Laval) IVot printed.

124. Return to an Addsess to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 10th Feb-

ruary, 1913, for a copy of the memorial presented to the Government during the ses-
sion of 1911-12, by a delegation from the Government of Prince Edward Island asking
for an increased provincial subsidy, a copy of which memorial was laid on the Table
of the House by the Finance Minister last session of Parliament, but is not now
apparently on the files of the House Presented 17th February, 1913. — Mr. Biiyhes
{Kings, P.E.I.) Printed for sessional papers onhj.

125. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-

ber, 1912, for a copy of all papers, letters, telegrams and correspondence between the
Government of Canada or any member thereof, since 1st November, 1911, to the ore-

91

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

sent time, with any corporation, company, party or parties, in any way relating to
the Customs Tariff upon cement or to the temporary reduction made of the Customs
Tariff upon cement; also for a copy of all letters and correspondence by and between
members of the Government of Canada during the same period relating to the same
subject, and of all papers, documents, memoranda and orders in council relative to
the reduction of the Customs Tarifi upon cement made by order in council since the
close of the last session of parliament. Presented 17th February, 1913.— .Afr. Maclean
{Halifax) ^^ot printed.

125a. Return to an Address to Ilis Royal Highness the Governor General of the 2flth
January, 1913, for a copy of all petitions since the 1st of October, 1911, addressed to
the Governor General in Council or to any member of the government, asking for a
remis -on and the adjustment of duty on cement, of all letters to the ministers indi-
vidually on the same, of all correspondence and of all orders in council. Presented
2l3t February, 19:3.— 5ir TVUfiid Laurier Not printed.

12Sb. Return to an Address to His Roy.il Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-
ber, 1912. for'a copy of all papers, documents, petitions, orders in council, letters and
telegrams in any department of the government of Canada, or that passed between
the Department of Customs and the Department of Justice or any solicitor, counsel,
association, company or individual, during the past twelve months, lespecting the
imposition of tariff duties upon imported lumber dressed on one side and sized, or
respecting the interpretation of tarifi item No. 501, together with a printed copy of
any stated case, appeal, factum or argument used before the Exchequer Court of
Canada or the Supreme Court of Canada, in the matter of the judicial interpretation
of tariff item No. 501. Presented 4th June. 1913.— Mr. Maclean {Halifax)

Not printed.

126. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-

spondence passing between the government or any member thereof with respect to the
east half of Section 27 in township six (6) in range two (2) west of the third meridian.
Presented 17th February, 1913.— M''. Martin (Rcgina.) Not printed.

127. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a return showing when

the militia or regular forces was first called out in Canada since Confederation in
aid of the civil authorities, how often, when and where has the same been called out
since, the amount of money paid by each municipal corporation for such service in
each case, what corps called out on each occasion, whether to quell strikes in each
instance or for what purpose. Presented 18th February, 1913.— Mr. Macdonald.

Not printed.

128. Ueturu to an Order of the House of the 2Sth January, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-

ence, papers, &c., concerning the application by James McKelvey, of the town of
Sarnia, Ontario, for Fenian Raid Volunteer Bounty. Presented 18th Febriiary,
j913_Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

129. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1913, for a copy of all docu-

ments, correspondence, memorandums, reports, requests for inquiries, of the appoint-
ment of commissioners and other documents, relating to the study of the causes for
the depopulation of country places and the high cost of living in the eastern provinces
of the Dominion. Presented ISth February, 1913.— Mr. Paquet Not printed.

130. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

documents, memoranda and correspondence relating to the application of the Baiique
Internationale to the Treasury Board for a certificate for the commencement of busi-
ness. Presented 18th February, 1913— Mr. Maclean (Halifax) .Yot printed.

92

3 George V. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

131. Return to an Order otf the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,

documents, telegrams, reports, letters, and instructions regarding smelt and salmon
fishing in the Kestigouche river and the Bale des Chaleurs since October, 1911, up to
date, together with copy of instructions issued to officials of the Department of
Marine and Fisheries in that connection. Presented 18th February, 1913.— if r. Marcil
(Bonaventure) Not printed.

132. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all corre-

spoudeuee and papers concerning the increase of salary of Mr. Sevigny, employed at
the immigration office at Moutreal. Presented 18th February, 1913.— Mr. Carvell.

Not printed.

133. Return to an Order oif the House of the 5th February, 1913, for a return showing

whether any order for goods has been given by the Department of Public Works since
1st October, 1911, at Montreal, Quebec, St. John and Halifax; tenders asked for in
each case; orders for goods given without tenders; names of firms, and amounts in
each case. Presented 19th February, 1913. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

134. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, (for a copy of all corre-

spondence and other papers, in the Department of Public Works, concerning the
awarding of a contract for t^ Welsh coal supply to the various Dominion public
buildings in Montreal. Presented 19th February, 1913.— Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

135. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th December, 1912, for a return showing how

many dredging contracts were let by the Department of Public Works during the
year 1911-12, the name of each tenderer and the amount of each tender. Presented
19th February, 1913.— Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

135a. Return to an Order of the House of the 4tli December, 1912, for a return showing the
quantity by cubic yards of dredging made in the harbour of Bathurst by the dredge
Restigouche during the months of May, June, July, August, September, October, and
November cf the year 1911, and during the same months in the year 1912. Presented
19th February, 1913. — Mr. Turgeon Not printed.

135b. Return to an Order of the HouBe of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-
spondence, documents, recommendations and reports respecting the dredging Des
Prairies river, the work done, depth, length and width of channel dredged, the list of
men employed to perform that work, their salaries, and the amount of money spent
on that work since the 1st of October, 1911, up to the 2l3t November, 1912. Presented
12th Maj-, 1913.— Mr. Wilson (Laval) Not printed.

135c. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a copy of all documents,
letters, reports of engineers and a detailed statement of expenditure in connection
with dredging at Ste. Anue de Restigouche and Cross Point, Bonaventure County.
Presented 4th June. 1913. — Mr. Marcil (Bonacenture): Not printed.

135d. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a return showing ther
amount of dredging done by the government dredges for private parties or firms in
Prince Edward Island, during the season of 1912; the names of the parties or firms
for whom this dredging was done; the number of yards of material dredged for each
party or firm; the class of material dredged, and the price per yard the government
charged for this dredging; who measured the material dredged, and whether it was
scow measurement that was made; who recommended the said dredging to be done;
if the resident engineer or any engineer was consulted in regard to the measuring,
and if the resident engineer or any engineer had control over the matter at all. Pre-
sented 6th June, 1913.— Mr. Eughes (Kings, P.E.I.) Not printed.

93

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

138. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of the accounts
of Jean Bapfiste Lena and of his wife, for ■trork done to the public buildings at Valley-
field, Quebec, in May, 1912; also for a copy of all correspondence, reports and docu-
ments relating to the payment in full or a part of their accounts. Presented i9th
February, 191S.— Mr. Papineau Not printed.

137. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a return showing the

amount of money expended in improving the channel of the Ottawa river between the
£ity of Hull and the village of Masson. Presented 19th February, 1913.— Mr. Devlin.

Not printed.

138. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all docu-

ments relating to the transferring of P. E. Amiot, resident engineer of the Depart-
ment of Public Works. Bonaventure, Quebec, to the district of Chicoutimi and
Saguenay, and the appointment in his stead, in Bonaventure County, of Charles E.
Tache, of Chicoutimi, as resident ensineer, with a copy of all the instructions given
to the latter and his duties, residence and salaiy. Presented 19th February, 1913.—
Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

139. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all petitions,

correspondence, memoranda, reports, and resolutions of county or other municipal
councils of Bonaventure County asking or objecting to certain public works in Bona-
Tenture County since October, 1911, with the Minister of Public Works, or any mem-
ber of the present administration, and replies made thereto. Presented 19th February,
1913. — Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

140. British Canadian Loan and Investment Company, Limited, Toronto, for year 1911.—

(Senate) A'ot printed.

141. Claims of present fish warden. Baker Lake, County of Madawaska, N.B. — (Senate).

Not printed.

141a. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913. for a copy of all letters,
t«legrams, reports, iniformation, convictions and other documents in the possession of
the Department of Marine and Fisheries or any ofiScer thereof relating to the prose-
cution in the year 1910, against George Rowlings and James Rowlings, of Musquodo-
boit Harbour, County of Halifax, for a violation of the fishery regulations. Presented
21st May, 1913.— ifr. Sinclair JVot printed.

141b. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all papers,
letters, telegrams and documents or other communications, had with the Department
of Marine and Fisheries or any official thereof, in regard to the prosecutions against
the following parties :— Samuel Stewart, Melvin Hart, Andrew McNeil, Thomas
McNeil, Hugh Malcolm. Tom Moflatt, James Waddin, Samuel Wright and Dougald
Higgins, of Westville, County of Pictou, for infractions of the Fisheries Act, and of
any applications or letters relative to relief from the fines imposed or the return of
the sam«; and also of all papers, letters, and other documents relating to a charge
against Rod. Martin, of Westrille aforesaid, a fishery guardian, for illegal fishing
.ind other oflences. Presented 21st May. 1913.— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

141a. Claims of Messrs. Boulanger and Son, Montmagny, Quebec. — (Senate) Not printed.

142. Copy of Report of Minister of Justice in re Florence Mining Company.— (denote).

Not printed,
94

3 George V. Aljiliabetical Judex to Sessional Papers. A. 101^

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27— Continued.

143. Instruction sent to the different Lieutenant Governors of different provinces of Canada,

with commissions. — (Senate) Not printed.

144. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 15th January, 1913, for a copy of all papers,

letters, documents, telegrams, reports and opinions in relation to the claim of Wil-
liam Iceton, of PurcelTs Cove for a return of a boat from the Department of Marine
and Fisheries or any other department. Presented 20th February, 1913. — Mr. Mac-
donald Not printed.

145. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th Decem-

ber 1912, for a copy of all papers, telegrams, letters and orders in council respecting
the transfer of the property known as the Police Point Reserve to the corporation of
the City of Medicine Hat, Alberta. Presented 20th February, 1913. — Mr. Buchanan.

Not printed.

146. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of the inquiry

made by F. B. Atkinson, Ijcvis, as to an accident that happened to the horse of
Arsene Lauzier, at Amqui, County of Rimouski, on the 19th February, 1912. Pre-
sented 20th February, 1913.— Mr. Boulay Not printed.

147. Correspondence, memoranda, &c., in respect to the issue of a patent for the N. \ of

S. W. I of section 8, in township 49, range 26, west of the 2nd meridian, to one Arthur
Donaldson, bearing date the 19th November, 1912. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 20th
February, 1913 Not printed.

147a. Return to an Order of the House of the 12th February, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams and other documents with respect to the north half of the southwest
quarter of section eight (8), township forty-nine (49), range twenty-six (2C), west of
the second meridian, province of Saskatchewan, and the granting of a homestead
entry for the said land to one Arthur Donaldson. Presented 6th June, 1913.— Mr.
Martin (Regina) Not printed.

148. Return to an Order of the House of the 12th February, 1913, for a copy of all papers,

reports and other documents relating to the delay of the Indian Department in
issuing patents for lauds purchased from the St. Peters band of Indians, and form-
ing part of the St. Peters Indian reserve, Manitoba. Presented 25th February, 1913.
—Mr. Oliver Not printed.

] 49. Return an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 27th January,
1913, for a copy of all applications addressed to the Government by the Algoma Steel
Company for remission of duties on rails imported by the said company at Fort Wil-
liam ; cf all correspondence on the same, of all evidence sought and obtained by the
government and supplied by the company in support of its application ; and of all
orders in council ordering such remission of duties. Presented 25th February, 1913. —
Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.

150. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1913, for a return showing the
_ stenographers and secretaries of the House of Commons, and the names of the mem-
bers for whom each of them work. Presented 2Cth February, 1913. — Mr. Boulay.

Not printed.

3^0a. Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, ultimo, for a return giving the
names and home addresses of the persons employed in the House of Commons as
stenographers to members. Presented 1st April, 1913.— Mr. Martin {Rerjina).

Not printed.

95

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 9^— Continued.

151. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 16th January, 1913, for a return showing the

number of bushels of grain and barrels or sacks of flour which were shipped from
Montreal, Quebec, St. John, N.B., and Halifax, for twelve months preceding the Slst
day of December, 1912; the kinds of each product respectively, and the quantities of
said commodities at each af above points which were domestic and foreign. Pre-
sented 26th February, 1913.— .Ur. Bennett (Shncoe) JVot printed.

152. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th February, 1913, for a return showing in

detail the quantity and values, respectively, of the imports and exports of Canada
with Great Britain, United States, Australia and New Zealand, during the year end-
ing Slst March, 1912, in horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, bacon, hams, fresh and salted beef,
lard, tallow, mutton, canned meats, butter, cheese, eggs, poultry and apples. Pre-
sented 26th February, 1913.— Mr. Sutherland Not printed.

153. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 2Cth Feb-

ruary, 1912, for a copy of all letters, documents and correspondence relating to action
by the Government in regrd to the relief of the shareholders and depositors of the
Farmer's Bank, and of the order in council appointing Sir William Meredith as Com-
misic ner, and all correspondence in relation thereto. Presented 2Gth February, 1913.
— Mr. Macdonald Not printed.

153a. Report of the Honourable Sir William Ralph Meredith, Kt., Commissioner appointed
to make investigation into all matters connected with the Farmers Bank of Canada.
Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 26th February, 1913.

Printed for distribution and sessional papers.

CONTENTS OE. VOLUME 28.

(This volume is bound in three parts.)

153b. Report of Royal Commission authorized by orders in council dated 19th day of July,
1912, and the 5th day of August, 1912, to inquire into alleged complaints as to methods
of weighing butter and cheese in Montreal, and also as to the methods of payment.
Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell. 30th May, 1913.

Printed for distribution atid sessional papers.

154. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1912, for a return showing the

amount erf the subsidy paid to each of the four original provinces of the Dominion at
Confederation, and the population on which such payment was based; the subsidy
payable to each of the remaining five provinces on entering the union, and the popu-
lation on which such payment was based; the sum added to the subsidy of any prov-
ince as better terms, and the date which such addition was made respectively; the
details of each readjustment of subsidies since 1867, and the yearly subsidy at present
payable to each province, with the population on which such payment is based, and
the original debt allowance, if any, respectively, placed to the credit of each province
on entering the union. Presented 27th February, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair.

Printed for sessional papers only.

155. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-

ence in regard to the disposition of the Marine Hospital at Pictou to the town of
Pictou, or any other corporation or person. Presented 27th February, 1913.— Mr.
Macdonald Not printed.

156. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,

tenders, contracts, papers and other documents in the possession of the Department
of Marine and Fisheries relating to the making and cancellation of a contract or
agreement between the said department and one Charles G. GifEn, of Isaac Harbour,

96

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. Unjl

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S.—Co,ithuied.

N.S., to perform certain services for tlie lobster hatchery at that place, and also relat-
ing to a subsequent agreement with one Philip McArthur to perform similar duties.
Presented 27th February, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair Nut printed.

157. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all papers

and correspondence concerning the claim otf Charles Mennier, ex-Collector of Customs
at MarieviUe, Quebec, for rent. Presented 28th February, 1913.— ilfr. Leinicux.

Nut iJrintcd,

158. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,

correspondence, documents and reports relating to the closing of the post office at
Pomket river, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, and the cancellation of the contract
for the carrying of the mail between Heatherton and Pomket river. Presented 2Sth
February, 1913.— Mr. ChishoJm {.intigonish) Kut printed.

158a. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
telegrams, petitions and other "correspondence and documents received by the Post
Office Department during the last twelve months from the honourable member tor
East Grey and others, relating to the closing of the post office at Harkaway, County
of Grey pi oviv.ce of Onlario, and of the proposed change in the mail service. Prc-
i.Mitcd 2:th March, 19i3.— .¥c. Lauctut Not printed.

159. Claims put forth by and on behalf of Indians of British Columbia — Report of James T.

McKenna on.— (Sena(c) Nut printed.

159a. Beturn to an -Address to His Koyal Highness the. Governor General of the 30th J.tii-
uary, 1913, for a copy of all correspondence between the Government of British Colum-
bia and the Government of Canada concerning the rights and claims oif the Indians in
the province, and of all orders in council with regard to the same. Presented \Hh
May, 1913.— S/r Wilfrid Laurier Not printed

159b. Return to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, reiM)rts and recommendations from Rev. R. L. Macdonald, Indian agent at
Salmon River reserve, Richmond County, N.S., relating to the Indian school in said
reserve; and of all correspondence and instructions from thb Department of Indian
Affairs to the said Indian agent, relating to the same; also a copy of all complaints,
charges and reports against Miss Charlotte M. Devereaux, teacher of the said school,
and of all correspondence and recommendations relating to the appointment of
Farnest McNeil to succeed her, since 1st January, 1912. Presented 23rd May, 1913.—
Mr. Kyte Not printed.

159e. Return to an Order of the House of the 12th May, 1913. for a copy of the last surrender
and of all papers, correspondence and other documents in connection with the sur-
render of p.irt of the White Bear Indian Reserve;' together with a copy of all letters
and telegrams referring to this surrender by officials of the Department or others,
and of the authority on which this surrender was taken, the number of acres sur-
rendered, and how disposed of. Presented 23rd May, I9I3. — Mr. Bradburtj.

Not printed.

159d. Return to an Order of the House of the 30th .-Vpril, 1913, for a copy of all letters,^
papers, memoranda and other documents, dated since 1st January, 1912, relatiu" to
the Kitsilano Indian Reserve in the City of Vancouver. Presented 23rd May, 1913.—
Mr. Oliver Not prin ted.

160. Immigrants— number of, who settled in Canada, in 1911-12, and from whence.— (.Sciiaic).

Not printed.
43849—7 97

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. lOl.T

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S.— Continued.

160a. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th May, 1913, for a return showing the num-
ber of immigrants coming into Canada during the year ending 3l3t March, 1913,
inspected hy the government medical inspectors; the total cost of such medical in-
spections; the number of medical doctors employed by the government during that
periol; the name, salary and location of each, including those resident in Oitawa.
Presented Cth June, 1913.— .l^r. Schnfl:ier Not priitlcd.

161. Correspondence with Mr. V. Stefiansson concerning northern expedition. Presented

by Hon. Mr. Hizen, 3rd March, 1913 Xot prinlcil.

J 61a. Copy of order in council No. P.C. 406 of the 22nd February, 1913, with reference to
Mr. V. Steftansson's proposed aorthern expedition. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen.
10th March, 1913 Not priuted.

162. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 25th Mareli,

1912, for a copy of all letters, requests, petitions, orders in council and other docu-
ments in the possession of the Department of Marine and Fisheries relating to the
change in the fishery regulations by which steam trawlers were prohibited from pa''-
(icipating in the fishing bounty. Presented 3rd March, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair.

Not printed.

16ISa. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General, of the 10th Feb-
ruary, 1913, for a copy of all petitions, correspondence, reports of e.xperts or oificers,
of Orders in council, minutes of council, and of other papers and documents in the
possession of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, or any department cif the
government, relating to steam trawling on the Atlantic seaboard. Presented 15th
April, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed.

163. Return to an Order of the House of the 19tli February, 19'3, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, papers, accounts, vouchers, concerning the purchase and subsequent
repairs of a private car by the Department of Militia and Defence, ifrom the Can-
adian Northern Railway Company. Presented 3rd March, 1913. — Mr. Lemieux.

Not printed.

164. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1W3, for a return showing

separately the amount paid by the Department of Indian Affairs for medical attend-
ance on account of the Indians on the Micmac reserve of Ste. Anne de R^estigouche,
Quebec, for each year from 1900 to 1913, inclusive, and to whom paid. Presented 10th
March, 1913.— Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

165. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th February, 1913, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the sale of alleged
Indian lands at Nyanza, riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, N.S., to one
Philip McDonald, such sale having taken place about the year 1877. Presented 17th
March, 1913.— ilfr. McKenzie Not printed.

165(1. l.iti-rn to an Order of the House of tiic 7th May, 1913, for a return showing the num-
ber of acres surrendered by the Cote's Band of Indians, the number of acres sold by
private sale, the number of acres still unsold; together with a copy of all letters from
persons who made application for purchase of surrendered lands in Cote's reserve,
or from any person on behalf of purchasers and replies thereto ; and of all reports,
letters or memoranda addressed to the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, from
any officer of the department respecting the private sale of said lands; also a copy of
any document or documents covering the authority under which these lands were
sold by private sale, and of all letters addressed to the department, or any officer of
department, respecting the sale of said lands. Presented 3rd June, 1913. — Mr. Brad-
bury Not printed.

98

I

• 3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 101-"-

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S.— Con finue J.

166. Etturn to an Order cif the House of the 12th February, 1913, for a copy of all letters,

reiJorts and other documents received by the Minister of Labour regarding labour
conditions on the Grand Trunk Pacific between Tete Jaune Cache and Fort George.
Presented 17th March, 1913.— J/r. Oliver Not printed.

167. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 3rd February,

19^3, for a copy of all telegrams, letters and other documents passing betv.een the
GoYernment of Canada, or any member thereof, and the Government of the Province
of Saskatchev an, or any member thereof, with respect to chapter 17 of the statutes of
Saskatchewan, 1912, being an Act to prevent the employment of female labour in ccr-
'tain capacities. Presented 17th March, ]9i3.— -1/)-. Martin (Regina) Net printed.

168. Keturn to an Order of the House ctf the lOth December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, petitions and other papers received by the Prime Minister, or any mem-
ber of the government, since the 1st April, 1912, in connection with the school system
established in that portion of the Keewatin Territory annexed to the province of
Manitoba. Presented 17th March, 1913— -Vr. Macdonald Not printed.

169. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a return showing the

number of accidents to lock gates or bridges on the Welland Canal during the year
ending 25th November, 1912, the nature of the accidents, the amount af damage in
each case and the amount recovered by the Government from vessel owners in each
instance. Presented 18th March, 1913.— .¥r. Graham iVot printed.

170 Ketui n to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a copy of the contract
pas-ed on the 6th day of August, 1910, between the City of Quebec and the Transcon-
tinental Railway Commissioners, for the acquisition by the latter of the property
known as Champlain Market, to be used as a station and terminals for the said rail-
way; of all the correspondence between the said city and the present Commissioner of
the said railway, with the Minister of Railways, or any other Minister, with regard
to the non-execution of the said contract by the said commission. Presented 18th
March, 1913.— Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers only.

17V' Return td an Order of the House of the 29th of January, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
correspondence, &c., respecting the request for suspension by H. Boulay, of J. Stahl,
assistant inspector of immigration on the railway. Presented 19th March, 1913.— Mr.
Boulau Not printed.

172. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a return showing the

total area of land thrown open for pre-emption and purchased homesteads in each oif
the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta since the passing of the Dominion Lands
Act of 1908; also the number of acres of such lands which have been disposed of by
way of pre-emptions and purchased homesteads in each of the said provinces, the
amount of principal money collected on account of such lands in each of the said
provinces up to 31st December, 1912, and the amount of interest collected on account
of such lands in each of the said provinces to 31st December, 1912. Presented 19th
March, 1913.- Mr. Martin {Uegina) Not printed

173. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1913, for a copy of all letters.

correspondence, memorials and other documents received by the Right Honourable
the Prime Minister and the Honourable the Minister of Justice, since the 1st day of
January, 1912, relating to the request by county court judges for an increase of salary
and for an amendment to the Judges Act with respect to retiring allowances. Pre-
sented 26th March, 1913.— 3/ r. Proulx Not printed.

43849—74 S>a

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 191:^.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28.— Con fin wet?.

174. Ketiirn to an Order of the Uouse of the 13tli February, 1913, for a return showing the

names of the keepers in Portsmouth penitentiary, and their religious belief; the
u inies of any of the said keepers who may have been dismissed, the date, charges and
oa whose recommendation wero they reinstated. Presented 2Gth March, 191.S. — Mr.
K(l wards Not printed.

17411 lli'turu to an Order of the House of the 13th February, 1913, for the name of tlie di:^-
liiiline officer in charge of each of the following departments in Portsmouth peniten-
tiary, the date when each was first appointed on the penitentiary staff, the date to
his present position, and the religious belief of each: Quarry, farm, warden's resi-
dence and grounds, blacksmith shop, bath room and laundry, stone shed, tailor and
shoe shop, changing room, stone pile, sewage plant, asylum ward, cell wings, library
and Euman Catholic and Protestant chapels, hof-pital, shop dome, carpenter, tin and
paint shop, and prison of isolation. Presented l^oth March, 1913.— Mr. Edwards.

Not printed.

175. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all state-

ments of account for salary or remuneration to the Commissioner, and his expenses,
for witness fees and all other expenses in connection with the investigations by Com-
missioner Duchemiu, of the following persons in Antigonish County namely: Patrick
M. Decoste, deckhand SS. Seotia, Harbour au Boucher; William R. Fougere, section-
man, Harbour au Bouche; Allen Kinney, sectionman, Linwood; Hubert Myatte, sec-
tionman, Tracadie; John McDonell, sectionman, Afton Station; John W. Malanson,
eectionman, Afton; James Armstrong, sectionman, Heatherton; Charles Landry, sec-
tionman, Pomket; William S. Landry, section foreman, Pomket; Colin McDonald,
sectionman, James River; Archibald Chisholm, station agent, Heatherton; Joseph
Beroit, station agent, Pomket; Alex. R. McAdam. fishery officer. Malignant Cove;
Alex. McDonald, sub-collector. Doctors Brook; Charles L. Gass, sub-collector, Bay-
field: Jeffrey M. Crispo, sub-collector. Harbour au Bouche; Hugh R. McAdam, post-
master, Arisaig; Thomas J. Sears, postmaster, Lochaber, Charles L. Gass, post-
master, Bayfield: and Joseph P. Benoit, postmaster, Pomquet; also the expenses in
detail, of and incidental to the investigation by said Commissioner Duchemin of the
charges made against John J. McDonald, postmaster, McArra's Brook; Archibald
Stewart, section foreman. Harbour au Bouche; Ronald McFarlane, section foreman,
Williams Point; Henry Williams, sectionman. Marshy Hope; and John W. Mclnnes,
bridge foreman Intercolonial Railway, Autigonish. Presented 2Gth March, 1913. — Mr.
Chis)ioUn {.intigonish) Not printed.

l75o. Return to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a return showing the date
of the appointment of H. P. Duchemin, Investigating Commissioner for Eastern Ko^a
Scotia; the number of days he has been employed by the government since the
appointment ; the gross amount paid to Mr. Duchemin as an allowance for his ser-
vices, excluding travelling expenses or other outlay; the amount which has been paid
to Mr. Duchemiu to date for travelling expenses, living expenses, witness fees, and
other sundry expenses, respectively. Presented 2l5t May, 1913. — Mr. Sinclair.

Not printed.'

176. K'eturn to an Order of the House of the -tth December, 1912. for a copy of the report

or reports made by C. E. Tache, resident engineer of Bonaventure County, Quebec, on
public works existing or asked for in that coustituency since October, 1911, up to date.
Presented 28th March, 1913.— .Vr. Marcil {Bonaventure) Not printed.

177. Return to an Order of the House of the 6th February, 1913, for a return showing what

properties within the area north of Wellington street and west of Bank street, in the
City of Ottawa, have been purchased or acquired by the Government; from whom the
said purchases were made, and the price paid, or agreed to be paid, in each case; the

100

1

I

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28.— Continued.

number of said properties not yet paid for, the name» of the owners thereof, and
amo\int, if any, in dispute in each case; the mimes of the persons who were employed
in any capacity, or for any purpose, in connection with the purchase of the said
properties, and the terms of their employment; the amount which has been paid to
each, and further amounts to be paid to such persons, giving their respective names;
whethtr the Government has employed any persons or agents to collect rent from tlTe
tenants or occupants of any of the said properties, if so, the names of such rent col-
lectors, for what period employed, and amount by way of salary, fees, or commission,
paid to each; the total amount paid by (he Government up to 31rt January, 19!3, in
connection with the purchase or acquisition of the said properties. Presented 28th
March, I9ia.-Mr. Murphij Xot printid.

178. Return to an Order of the House of the 2Jth January, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-

ence between the Minister of Public Works and H. Morel, M.P.P., for East Xipissing,
in any way relating to the construction of a road or highway from North Bay to
Sturgeon Falls, Ontario; and of all petitions, correspondence, surveys, and engineers'
reports in any way connected with the building of the said road or highway. Pre-
sented 2Sih March, 1913.— J/r. Murphy Not printed.

179. Ketnrn to an Order of the House of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all pay-lists,

letters, documents, telegrams and other papers in connection with the expenditures
made on Brule wharf in the County oif Colchester during the last two years. Pre-
sented 25th March, 1913.— if r. Macdonald Xot printed.

ITQa. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th December, 1912, for a copy of all papers,
documents, tenders and correspondence relating in any way to the construction of a
wharf at Kraut Point, Lunenburg County, N.S. Presented 2Sth March, 1913.— .Vr.
Maclean {Halifax) iVot printed.

mo. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, papers, &c., concerning the application made by the Eastern Canada Power
Company, with a view to raise the head of the River St. Lawrence in the vicinity of
Coteau, Cedar, Split Rock and Cascade rapids to the level of the water in Lake St.
Franfois. Presented 28th March, 1913. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

181, ReJurn to an Order of the House of the tth December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, letters and telegrams addressed by the Conservative candidate in the
County of Gloucester at the election of 21st September, 1911, to the Minister of Pub-
lic Works from the day he took his oath of office, on 10th October, 1911, up to the
31st December, of the same year, on the subject of public works then under construc-
tion in the said county. Presented 2S;li March, 1913. — Mr. Turgeon Not printed.

182. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1913, for a return showing the

number of men of the R. C. regiment at Aklershot, during the summer of 1912, pre-
vious to the regular militia camp; date of going into camp; number there during
said time; whether tenders for supplies for these men were called for; number of
tenders received and from whom; if any contracts were awarded on said tenders and,
if not, what was done with the said tenders; how and from whom were supplies for
these men obtained; the prices paid during said time per pound respectively, for
meat, sugar, butter, tea, cofiee bacon, bread, and how much per bushel for vegetables;
the cost per ration for supplies for said men of the R. C. regiment at .A.ldershot camp
during the time aforesaid- the cost per ration for supplies to the regular militia
camp under contract during the annnal drill in the fall of 1912. Presented 28th

March, 1913.— .Vr. Ki/te Xot printed.

101

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S.— Continued.

183. Report on wholesale prices in Canada, 1912, by E. H. Coats, B.A., F.S.S., editor of tlie

Labour Gazette. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 2Sth March, 1913 Xot printed.

184. Area of territories added to Ontario and Quebec, by S atutes of 19V2.—i,Sctiaie).

Xot i>riiiteti.

185. Relating to recent increase in prices charged Canadian fishermen for nianilla cord.—

(Senate) ^'"' I'rhtted.

186. Report of the Pilotase Commission of Quebec. Presented by IIou. Mr. Ilazen, 2Sth

March. 1913 ^'"' printed.

187. Return to an Order of the House of the 26th February, 1913, for a copy of all memor-

anda, letters, papers, telegrams and other documents in the jjossession of the Depart-
ment of the Interior relating to the S. W. 36-16-27, W. 2. Presented 31st March, 1913.
—Mr. A'm'»(es -Vof printed.

187a. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, telegrams and other papers in connection with the southwest I of 4-9-14 west of
2nd meridian. Presented lOih April, 1913.— il/r. Bradbury .Vof printed.

187b. Return to an Order of the House of the 2Gth March, 1913, for a copy of all papers,
letters, memoranda and other documents relating to the northwest o* 30-25-7-2. Pre-
sented 25th April, 1913.— Mr. Oliver \ot printed.

187c. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, ]9;3,— 1. For a copy of all corre-
spondence and other papers in connection with the disposal of the following lands
and the claim of James W. Brown in connection with these lands: —

Part of S E. J section 21-20-21-W. 2nQ meridian, area 'yiooths acre.

Part of N.E. { section 21-20-21-W. 2nd meridian, area I'^iooths acre

Part of S.E. \ section 20-20-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 80 acres.

Part of S.W. i section 2S-20-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 72-'riooths acres.

Whole of S.E. i section 2S-20-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 160 acres.

Whnle'of N.E. J section 32-20-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 160 acres.

Part of S.E. i section .S2-20-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 80 acres.

Whole of N.W. J section 5-21-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 160 acres.

Whole of S.E. -J section 5-21-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 160 acres.

Part of N.E. J section 5-21-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 123*yiooths acres.

Whole of S.W. 1 section 5-21-21-W. 2nd meridian, area 160 acres.

2. Also of all papers in connection with the disposal of the whole of the northwest
quarter-section 22-20-21, west of the second meridian; and part of S.W. J, 2-20-21-W.
of the second meridian; and of all correspondence and papers in connection with
Alexander Hurst Brown's claim re these lands. Presented 30th April. 1913.— M?-.
Bradbury -^'of printed.

187d. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th April, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
papers, telegrams and other documents in connection with the sale of the N.W.
quarter-section 29 10-18-W. Presented 13th May, 1913.— Mr. Turriff Not printed.

187e. Return to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all letters,
memoianda and other documents relating to the northeast quarter of 14-75-15-5, dur-
ing the year.s 1911, 1912, and 1913 to date. Presented 13th May, 1913.— .l/r. Oliver.

Not printed.

102

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 191"

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S.~Co7iUnued.

187/. Return to an- Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all papers,
telesvams, applications, and other documents in connection with the S.W. 2-19-20, west
2nd M. Homestead, patented 3rd .Tune, 1892; the S. h of N.E. 20-20-21, west 2nd M.
patented lltli October, 1901, N.W.H.B., as assignee of Edward B.-.icher; the S.E 4
ctf 22-20-21, west 2nd M., N.W.H.B., patented 22nd September, 1900, as assignee of
Louis McGillies; the S.E. i of 28-20 21, west 2nd M., N.W.H.B., patented 26th August,
1901, as assignee of 3. Bte. Fagant, jr., and the E. i of S.E. i of 32-30-21, west 2nd M.,
N.W.H.B., patented 11th September, 1901, as assignee of Jos. Alexander; and of all
" papers in connection with any claims of G. W. Brown or others in connection with
these lands. Presented 3rd June, 1913.— J/r. Bradbury Not printed.

187g. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all papers,
telegrams, applications and other documents regarding the S.W. ^, 28-20-21, west 2nd
M., K.W.H.B., patented 1st March, 1909, as assignee oif Norbert Bellehumeur; and
the W. i of S.E. i, 32, 20, 21, west 2nd M., N.W.H.B., patented 1st March, 1909, as
assignee of Norbert Bellehumeur; and of all papers in connection with any claims by
Norman McKenzie or others against the Government in connection with these lands.
Presented 4th June, 1918.— M;-. Bradbury Not printed.

188. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1913, for a copy of all -correspond-

ence or communication of any kind between the Department of Insurance at Ottawa
and the Department of Insurance at Toronto since June, 1907, touching the transfer
of the Canadian Guardian Life Insurance Company from the jurisdiction of the In-
surance Department at Ottawa to that of the jurisdiction of the Insurance Depart-
ment at Toronto; of all correspondence, if any, between the Insurance Department
at Ottawa and the ^aiiirday iVig/it, newspaper of Toronto, touching the affairs of the
Canadian Guardian Life Insurance Company or the International Insurance Company,
Limitid; and of all correspondence and other communications between the Department
of Insurance at Ottawa and the Gorernment of the province of Alberta in reference
to the affairs of the Canadian Guardian Life Insurance Company or the International
Insurance Company, Limited. Presented 31st March, 1913. — Mr. German.

Not printed.

189. C(,py of an Order in Council, &c., respecting a contribution of $30,600 to assist in alle-

viating the distress of the sufferers by the disastrous cyclone which swept over the
City of Eegina and its vicinity. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 31st March, 1913.

Not printed.

190. Copy of correspondence respecting the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between

the United Kingdom and Japan. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 1st April, 1913.

Printed for sessional papers onjy.

190a. From Imperial Consulate General of Japan for the Dominion of Canada. The under-
signed. His Imperial Majesty's Consul General at Ottawa, duly authorize<l by His
Government, has the honour to declare that the Imperial Japanese Government are
fully prepared to maintain with equal effectiveness the limitation and control which
they have since 1908 exercised in the regulation of emigration from Japan to Canada.
11th April, 1913. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 11th April, 1913 Not printed.

191. Copy of the order in council in connection with the appointment of a Commission to

inquire into the claims of the province of British Columbia for exceptionf.l treatment.
Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 1st April, 1913 Printed for sessional papers only.

191a. Memorandum re British Columbia's claims for special consideration. Presented by

Hon. Mr. Borden, 1st April, 1913 Printed for sessional papers only.

103

3 George V. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S.—Co7itinued.

ii91l>. Copies cif orders in council, ic, relating to the appointment of commissioners to
adjust all matters relating to Indian lauds and Indian affairs generally in the prov-
ince of British Columbia. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 17th April, 1913.

Aot printed.

191c. Report of the Poyal Commission appointed to inquire into and report upon the law
respecting pilotage and its administration in the pilotage districts of Montreal and
Quebec; and what changes, if any, are desirable therein; and also, a letter addressed
to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries from Mr. Ajutor Lachance, one of the com-
missioners. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 18th April, 1913 Xot printed.

191(2. B«port of Royal Commission on Industrial Training and Technical Education, Parts
I, II, III. and IV. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 4th June, 1913.

Printed for distrH)iiiion and sessional papers.

192. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1913, for a copy of all memor-

anda, letters, papeis and documents relating to the setting apart of a forest reserve
on the north side of the Saskatchewan river opposite the City of Prince Albert. Pre-
sented 2nd April, 1913.— Mr. Olivi;r Not printed.

192a. R-eturn to an Order of the House of the 2tth February, 1913, for a copy of all memor-
anda, reports, letters, and other documents of any kind in the possession of the
Department of the Interior relating to the suitability for forest reserve or for home-
steading purposes, of the whole or any part of townships 24 and 25, range 27, west of
the first meridian, now forming part of the Riding Mountain Forest Reserve. Pre-
sented 11th April, 1913.— -Ur. Oliver Xot printed.

193. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1913, for a copy of all corre-

spond?nce exchanged between the Department of Marine and Fisheries and the mem-
ber for Temiscouata, and all other persons, respecting the placing of a light or line
of liglits on wharf at He Verte, County of Temiscouata. Presented 4th April, 1913.—
Mr. Paquet Not printed.

194. Copy of a report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency

the -Administrator, on the otli April, 1913, relative to a contract for an ocean mail,
passmger and freight steamship service between Canada and Great Britain and Great
Britain and Canada, together with the articles of agreement for the said service.
Prei=ented by Hon. Mr. Pelletier, 7th .April, 1913: Not printed.

195. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1913, for a statement showing the

total volume of trade, in import and export, respectively, between Canada and New-
foundland for each year during the period from the 1st day of January, 1896, to the
1st d;iy of January, 1913, and of what the said trade consisted of each year.
2. The volume of trade between 'Newfoundland and the West Indi.in Islands, included in
the West Indian trade agreement with Canada, dated the 9th day of April, 1912. dur-
ing the years 1909, 1910, ]9]1 and'1912, in import and export, and of what the said
import and export consisted of each year. Presented 10th April, 1913.— Mr. ilcKemie.

Not printed.-

195a. Supplementary return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1913, for a state-
ment showing the total volume of trade, in import and export, respectively, between
Canada and Newfoundland for each year d ning the period from the 1st day of
January, 1896, to the 1st day of January, 1913, and of what the said trade consisted of
each year.

104

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 101'!

I

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S.—Conthuied.

2. The volume of trade between Newfoundland and tlie West Indian Islands,
included in the West Indian trade agreement with Canada, dated the 9[h day of Ayril,
1912, during the years 1909, 1910 1911 and 1912, in import and export, and of what the
said import and export consisted of each year. Presented 21st April, 1913.— Mr.
McKcnzie Xot printed.

196. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th December, 1912, for a copy of all letters,

telegrams, and correspondence referring in any way to the purchase or leasing of the
property in Antigonish, N.S., now in use as a gun shed or store house ifor the equip-
ment of the 18th Field Battery of Artillery. Presented Uth April, 1913.— .¥r. Chis-
holm (AnI if/on ish) Xot printed.

197. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a copy of all tenders

asking for the construction of a drill hall at Fernie, B.C., of all correspondence con-
cerning the awarding of the contract, and of all correspondence and documents
regarding said tender and contract. Presented 14th April, 1913.— Sir Wilfrid Laiiricr.

Not printid.

197a. Supplementary return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a copy of
all tenders asking for the construction of a drill hall at Fernie, B.C., of all corre-
spondence concerning the awarding oif the contract, and of all correspondence and
documents regarding said tender and contract. Presented 6th June, 1913.— .^/r Wilfrid
Lauricr A'of printed.

198. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1913, for a copy of all corre-

spondence and documents between the gorernment of Canada or any officer thereof,
and one Miss Mastin, of England, relating to a presentation of certain chinaware and
other curiosities, made to the Government by the said Miss Mastin, in memory of the
defeat at the polls of the agreement relating to reciprocity with the United States.
Presented Utli April, 1913.- il/r. Sinclnir iVof printed.

199. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a return showing the

names, professions or occupations, residences, the date oif appointment, and the salary
in each case, of all correspondents of the Labour Gazette, and also the number of
changes uiade in that particular for the year 1912. Presented 22nd April, 1913. — JIfr.
VerriJle Not printed.

200. Return to an Order of the House df the 2Gth March, 1913, for a return showing the

amount of seed grain supplied to settlers in Peace River during the year 1912; the
amount of seed grain being provided for settlers in Peace River durins 1913; who
distributed the seed grain supplied in 1912 and who is authorized to distribute seed
grain in 1913 ; under what conditions seed grain was supplied during 1912, and those
proposed for 1913; if provisions were supplied during 1912. what the conditions were
and who gave out the su]>plies; if it is intended to supply provisions in 1913, what
conditions will be given and who will give them out. Presented 25th April, 1913. —
Mr. OHrcr Not printed.

201. Return to an Order of the lloii'^e of the 7th April, 1913, for a copy of all documents in

the Department of the Interior prior to tlie issue uf tlie Crown patents relating to
Lot No. 217 of the Hudson Bay Company Survey, in the parish of St. John, Winnipeg.
Presented 25th April, 1913. -Jl/r. Proulx Not printed.

202. Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, fur a copy of all corresiiond-

ence claims and reports with reference to compensation claimed by owners of horses
attached to the !Oth Field Battery at Camp Petawawa in the summer of 1912, by rea-

105

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28— Continued.

son of damage or disease contracted while in the service: also of all such claims paid,
the amounts in each case, and the persons to whom paid. Presented 25th April, 1913. —
Mr. Car veil Not printeit

203. Return to an Order of the House of the llth December, 1912, for a copj of all papers,
documents, pay-rolls, accounts, receipts, and correspondence in connection with all
expenditures of money made in 1912 upon the Petite Riviere breakwater, Lunenburg
County, Nova Scotia. Presented 29th April, 1913.— -T/r. Maclean (Halifax).

Not printed.

S03a. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th December,
!912, for a copy of all advertisements, tenders, contracts, orders in council, letters,
correspondence, &c., relating to the coustruction of a wharf or breakwater at Sea-
iforth, Halifax County, N.S. Presented 29th April, 1913.— ilr. Maclean [Halifax).

Not printed.

203b. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th March, 1912, for a copy of all documents,
letters, correspondence, petitions, reports, &c., addressed to the Department of Public
Works since the 21st September last on the subject of a wharf now under construction
at St. Croix, in the County of Lotbiniere, province of Quebec. Presented 29th April,
1913.— Mr. Fortier Not printed.

203c. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th March, 1913, for a return showing whe-
ther the repairs to Red Point wharf. Lot 4S, Prince Edward Island, have been com-
pleted; if the work was done by tender or by day labour; if by tender, with whom
the contract was made; if by day labour, tlie number of superintendents, inspectors,
or overseers employed, their names, the number of days each did work, and the wages
per day paid to each; the number of men employed, their names, the number of days
each did work and the wages per day paid to each; who supplied the materials; the
amount of each kind or class used, and the price paid for each kind or class ; the total
amount paid for m.aterials, wages and cost of the work. Presented 2nd May, 1913.-^
Mr. Hughes {Kings, P.E.I.) Not printed.

203d. Return to an Order of the House of the 31st March, 1913, for a copy of all documents,
papers, correspondence, representations, &c., relating to the purchase of land at
Digby, Nova Scotia, for the purpose of a site for a public wharf. Presented 2nd May,
1913.— il/r. Maclean I Bali fax) Not printed.

203c. Return to an Order of the House of the I9th March, 1913, for a return showing whe-
ther the repairs to Soutliport wharf. Lot 48, Prince Edward Island, have been com-
pleted; if the work was done by tender or by day labour; if by tender, with whom tho
contract was made; if by day labour, the number of superintendents, inspectors, or
overseers employed, their names, the number of d.iys each did work, and wages per
day paid to each ; the number of men employed, their names, the number of days each
did work and the wages per day paid to each; who supplied the materials; the amount
of each kind or class used and the price paid for each kind or class; the total amount
paid for materials, wages and cost of the work. Presented 2nd May, 1913. — Mr.
Hughes (Kings, P. E.I.) Not printed.

203/. Return to an Order of the House of the llth December. 1912, for a copy of all accounts,
correspondence, telegram.s, complaints and other documents in possession of the
Department of Public Works, in relation to the expenditure of moneys on harbour
improvements at Grand Etang, during the year 1911-12. Presented 13th May, 1913.--

llr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed.

lOG

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2B.— Continued.

203d. Return to an Oi'der of the House of the 7th April, 1913. for a copy of all documents,
correspondence, &c., relating to the purchase by the Department of Public Works of
a certain quantity of timber for the construction of a wharf at St. Germain de
Kamouraska, the said purchase having been made, as alleged, from Murray Caston-
guay during the year 1912. Presented 2<)th May, 1913.— Mr. Lapoiiite (Kaiiunivaska).

A'oi printed.

203h. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th .tanuary, 1913, for a copy of all letters
written to the Honourable Minister of Public Works, or to any ofiicer of the Public
Works Department, or to any member of the government since 10th October, 1911, by
G. A. R. Rowlings, John S. Wells and S. R. Griffin, relating to the construction of
public works. County of Guysborongh, N.S., also a copy of the replies to the same.
Presented 29tli May, 1913.— Mr. Sinclair Xot printed.

203t. Return to an Order of the-House of the 7th May, 1913, for a copy of all corresponilencn
exchanged between the Po.stmaster General and M. Isidore Belkau, of Quebec, in con
nection with improvements contemplated in Quebec harbour. Presented 2nd June,
1913.— Mr. Carvell Not printed.

203;. Return to an Order cf the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all papers,
documents, pay-rolls, receipts, accounts, correspondence, &c., relating to repairs made
upon the breakwater at Petite Riviere, Lunenburg County, N.S., in the year 1912.
Presented Cth June, 1913.— -Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed.

204. Return to an Order of the House of the ith March, 1912. — 1. For a copy of all reports

of engineers from iS7t to 1900, relating to the most suitable site in the harbour of
Quebec for the construction cf a dry dock.

2. Of all correspondence e-xchanged on the subject of a choice of a site for tlie dry
dock now existing at St. Joseph de Levis, at the time of its construction.

3. Of engineers reports, plans, maps and bearings relating to the construction of a
new dry do'-k in the port of Quebec since ISOO.

4. Of all correspondence exchanged between the different companies and the gov-
ernment relating to the construction of a new dry dock in the port of Quebec, since
1909.

5. Also for the production of all documents submitted by the different companies
who have asked for the government grant provided by the Dry Dock Subsidies Act.
Presented 29th April, 1913.— -Mr. Beland Not piinted.

ZOia. Dry dock of Levis. Report of Mr. Charles Smith against Sampson, et al.—(.^ena.te).

Not printed.

204b. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 19th March,
1913, for a copy of all orders in council, plans and estimates, correspondence, papers
and inquiries respecting the construction of a dry dock at Quebec or Levis or in tlie
port or harbour of Quebec. Presented 6th June, 1913.— .Mr. Lachance Not printed.

205. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th April, 1913, for a copy of the petition oif

the Restigouche Fishermen's Association to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries ask-
ing for the removal of Mr. M. M. Mowat, head guardian of the Restigouche Riparian
A.-sociation as Dominion fishery officer, aud the answer thereto. Presented 2nd May,
1913.— Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

Z06. Return to an Order of the House of the 13th February, 1913, for a return showing the
name of the company who has th^e contract for the electric lighting of the government
buildings and grounds in Ottawa, date of contract and period, on what notice can
contract be cancelled, price oaid per kilowatt hour for electric lighting, names of

107

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28— Continued.

buildings lighted, tost ot lighting eacli per year, rate for electric lighting if a com-
biued power aud light rate, price for current for power purposes, if lamps are not
fre?, price paid for the carbon aud tungsten lamps renewed, are lamps marked so as to
be identified as belonging to the government buildings, number of electric lamp
renewals paid for during the last fiscal year, where required, number of carbon and
tungsten lamps respectively in use in the several buildings and the candle power or
wattage of the same. Presented 2ud May, 1913.— J/r. Wihon {Wentworth)

Xot pi'hiicd.

207. IJcturn to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all corre-

spondence, letters, telegrams, petitions, memoranda, reports, tenders, deposits, recom-
mendations and all o'Jier documents of any nature whatsoever bearing ou or having
relation to the erection of a public building in the city of Three Rivers, P.Q., since
the nth day of October, 1911, to date. Presented 2u4 May, 1913.— .Ur. Bureau.

Not printed.

207a. Return to an Order of the House of the 2Gth May, 1913, for a copy of all pajiers,
letters, and documents relating to the construction of a public building in the town
of Laurentides, County of L'Assomptiou. Presente<l -tth June, 1913. — Mr. Segvin.

Not printed.

207b. Return to an Order of the House of the 2ud April, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, letters, telegrams, contracts, tenders and reports of government inspector, in
relation to the work and repairs on the public building at North Sydney during the
year 1912, and particularly the inspector's report on the damages caused by fire dur-
ing the constntction of said works and repairs; and also a copy of the tenders of
Henry Lovell, for the above work. Presented Gth June, 1913. — Mr. McKenzie.

\ot printed.

297c. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th January, 1913, ifor a copy of all telegrams,
letters, documents and plans relative to the purchase or acquirement of land ifor tlie
purpose of erecting a public building in Stellarton, Nova Scotia, in the year 1912.
Presented 6th June, 1913.— il/r. Macdonald Not printed.

208. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1913, for a return showing the

iiames of the buildings occujiied by the Government as public offices, which are under
rent, e.vcepting the Centre, East, West and Langevin Blocks; the street on which
e.ich of these offices is situated and the number of the street in each case. Presented
2ud May, 1913.— -Ifr. Boiilay Not printed.

209. Return to an Order of the House oif the 11th December, 1912, for a copy of all accounts,

correspondeuce, telegrams, complaints aud other documents in possession of the
Department of Public Works, relating to the construction of telegraph lines during
the year 1911-12, from South West Margaree to Scotsville. from Scotsville to North
Ainslee; from Scotsville to South Lake Ainslee and Whycocomagh ; from Little
Narrows to Wliycocomagh ; from Rossville to Big Intervale and from Rossville to the
VicLoria County Boundary Liue, all in the County of Inverness. Presented 2ud May.
1913.— Mr. Chisholn (Inverness) Not printed.

210. Correspondence in connection with the area or areas prescribed for mange in British

Columbia.- (5ciiafc) „ Not printed.

211. Kepoit made by the Central Railway of Caiinda to the Railway Departnieni.— (i'ciiaie).

Not printed,

108

I

I

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28— Continued.

212. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of tlie 10th Feb-

ruary, 1913, for a copy of all orders in council, letters, telegrams and of all other
official documents of any kind in the possession of the Department of Customs, relat-
ing- to the seizures of twenty horses from John Gobel, for smuggling them across the
United States boundary near Coutts, or Writing-on-Stone, between the 20th and 28th
of February, 1911. Presented 5th May, 1913.— Mr. MacNutt Nut printed.

213. Return to an Address to His Koyal Highness the Governor General of the 10th Feb-

ruary, 1913, for a copy of all orders in council, letters, telegrams and of all other
official documents cif any kind in the possession of the Department of the Interior,
relating to sale of school lands which have been held in the provinces of Alberta and
Saskatchewan since the 12th day of October, 1911. Presented 7th May, 1913.— .Mr.
McCra-ney Not prin ted.

213a. Return to an Order of the House of the 2nd .ipril, 1913, for a return showing by
quarter-section, or fraction of quarter-section, all school lands sold in Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta during the calendar year 1912; the price per acre at which
each separate parcel was sold; the name and address of each purchaser; a list of all
school lands sold at above sales which have sincs'been cancelled; the price at which
each parcel of said cancelled lands were sold, with the names and addresses of pur-
chasers of each parcel of said lands sold and subsequently cancelled. Presented 23rd
May, 1913.— Mr. Tarrijj Not printed.

213b. Return to an Order of the House of the 12th February, 1913, for a return showing all
school lands sold in the province of Saskatchewan in 1912, giving each parcel oif land
sold, the name and address of each purchaser, the date and place of sale, the name of
the auctioneer at each sale, and any assignments of contracts of purchase of which
the government has notice, and a copy of all correspondence passing between the Gov-
ernment, or any member thereof, and the Government of the province of Saskatchewan
or any member thereof, with respect to the sale of school lands in the said province.
Presented 6th June. 1913.— Mr. Martin (Regina.) Not printed.

214. Return to an Order of the House of the nth April, 1913, for a copy of all petitions,

affidavits, specifications, plans, drawings, claims, certificates, papers and patent rights
in the Department of Agriculture or the Patents Branch thereof, with respect to
Patent Number U2823. Presented 7th May, 1913.— Mr. Carvell Not printed.

215. Return to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all memorials,

petitions, and letters, addressed to or sent by the Minister of Agriculture, or on his
behalf, in connection with the estab'ishment of an agricultural school, model farm or
demonstration station at New Carlisle, Quebec. Presented 9th May, 1913. — Mr.
Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed.

216. Return to an Order of the House of the 28th April, 1913, for a copy of all telegrams,

correspondence, returns, Ac, betwejen the Department of Agriculture, and any other
person or persons, requesting recently that the Veterinary Director General of Can-
ada visit Nova Scotia. Presented 9th May, 1913.— Mr. Maclean {HaUfa.i).

Not printed.

217. Extent to which the Franking privilege is used by the several provinces in Canada for

statistics. — (Senate) Not printed.

218. Return to an Order oif the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a copy of all diaries

and other documents relating to and showing the work performed during the months
of June and July, 1912, by Homestead Inspectors Rathwell and Erratt in the Moosejaw
land district. Presented 16th May, 1913.— Mr. Knoules Not printed.

109

3 George V. Alphabeticul ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28.—Conflnued.

2I8a. Return to an Order of the Iloufe of tlie iBth January, 1913, for a copy of all diaries
relating to and showing the work performed during the months of June and July,
1912, by Homestead Inspectors Brandt. Balfour, Ouelette and Sipes, in the Begina
land district. Presented IGth May. 1913.— Mr. Martin (Bcgiria) Noi printed

218&. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a return showing the
expenses of Homestead Inspectors Brandt, Balfour, Ouelette and Sipes during the
Konths of June and July, 1912. Presented 16th May, 1913— .Ur. Martin (Renina).

Not printed.

218c. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a return showing the
expenses of Homestead Inspector Miller of the Moosejaw laud district during the
months of June and July, 1912, together with a copy of all reports, proceedings, diaries
and other documents, showing the work performed during the said time by the said
homestead inspector. Presented 16th May, 1913.— if r. Knowles Wot printed.

218<1. Return to an Order c(f the House of the 2Sth January, 1913, for a copy of all diaries
and other documents relating to and showing the work performed during the months
of June and July, 19:2, by Homestead Inspectors Shields and McLaren, in the Swift
Current lands di>trict. Presented 23rd May, 1913.— .Vr. Knowles Xot printed.

S18e. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th January, 1913, for a return showing the
expenses of Homestead Inspectors Shields, McLaren, Erratt and Eathwell, during the
months of June and July cf 1912. Presented 26th May, 1913.— .Ur. Knowles.

Not printed.

219. Return to an Order of the House of the 2Gth March, 1913, for a copy of all papers,

memoranda, and instructions relating to a certain area of land on the bank of Little
Manitou Lake, Saskatchewan, recently transferred to the town of Waterous, for park
purposes. Presented IGth May. 1913.— Mr. Oliver Not printed.

220. Return to an Order of the House, of the 4th December, 1912, for a copy of all corre-

spondence and other documents in the possession of the Department of Public Works
relating to the proposed interprovincial bridge between Hawkesbury, Ontario, and
Grenyille, Quebec. Presented 26th May, 1913.— 3/r. Proulx Not printed.

221. Return to an Order of the House otf the 1st April, 1913, for a copy of all complaints,

charges, evidence and reports in connection with the investigation held at Aldershot,
N.S., in September, 1912, relating to the alleged thefts of property from the militia
camp. Presented 26tS May, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

22 lo. Return to an Order of the House of the 21st April, 1913, for a copy of all notices,
tenders, contracts and correspondence relating to the supplying oif ice for the mili-
tary comp at Aldershot, IST.S.. for 1913, and of all correspondence relating to the source
of 5-uch ice supply. Presented 26th May, 1913.— Mr. Kyte Not printed.

222. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th February, 1913, for a copy of all letters,

proposals, tenders, memoranda, papers and documents in the possession of the Depart-
ment of Trade and Commerce, or any department of the Government, bearing date
since 1st December, 1912, relating to steamship service between Canada and the West
Indies. Presented 27th May, 1913.— -Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed.

222a. Return to an Order of the House of the 2nd April, 1913, for a copy of all correspond-
ence, petitions, letters, telegrams, and other documents in the Department of Trade
and Commerce, or any department of the Government, relating to the SS. service,

110

3 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1913

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28.— Continued.

between Mr.Igrave, County of Guysborough and Cheticamii, Inrerness County, during
the years 1310-11, 1911-12, and 1912-;3, and the service to be continued during the year
1913-;4. Presented 27th May, \913.~Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed.

223. Eeturn to an Order of the Senate calling upon the Clerk of the House to furni^ih a

statement sliowing the number of Bills passed by the House of Commons since Con-
federation, which have been; — 1. Amended by the Senate. 2. Rejected by the Senate.
3. Amended by the Senate and accepted by the Commons. — {Senate) Not printed.

224. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th May, 1913, showing whether a contract

was passed by tlie Post Office Department in the year 1911, for the use oi stamp vend-
ing machines, the terms of said contract, the date, and by whom signed. Presented
2nd June, 1913. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

225. Ordinances of the Yukon Territory, pas.sed by the Yiikon Council in the year 1913.

Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 2nd June, 1913 Not printed.

226. Names of judges of Superior and Circuit Court in province of Quebec, date of appoint-

ment, &c. — (Senate). .^ Not printed.

227. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th May, 1913, for a return showing the per

capita taxation for the year ending 31st March, 1913, and for each of the twelve pre-
ceding years. Presented 3rd June, 1913— Mr. Hughes (Kings, P.E.I.).. ..Not printed.

228. Eeturn to an Order of the House of the 29th May, 1913, for a return showing whether

a certificate has been issued by the Treasury Board authorizing the transfer of the
a=;sets and liabilities of La Banque Internationale du Canada to the Home Bank; the
farms of the said transfer, and all documents bearing on this question. Presented 3rd
June, 1913. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed.

229. Export of the Canadian delegates to the International Conference, held at New York

for the consideration of the Commemoration of the First Century of Peace between
the United States and the British Empire. Presented by Hon. Mr. Borden, 5th June,
1913 Not printed.

2.30. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 10th March,
10;3, for a copy of all correspondence, memoranda, orders in council, departmental
orders and reports from fishery overseers or other officers, during the past two years,
leltting to weir licenses in the waters of the Counties cif Charlotte and St. John, Prov-
ince c€ New Brunswick. Presented Bth June, 1913.— Mr. Pugsley Not printed.

231. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1913, for a copy of all letters

and papers relating to the issue of half-breed scrip, warrant No. 2155, certificate No.
672, to Albert St. Denis, and the disposition of the said scrip. Presented Gth June,
19:3.— Me. Oliver Not printed.

232. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 3rd Feb-

ruary, 1913, for a copy of all papers in connection with the withdrawal from settle-
ment of a strip of land one mile in width along the line of the Hudson Bay Railway,
and of the order in council, and also of all plans and correspondence in connection
with the same, prior and subsequent thereto. Presented 6th June, 1913.— Mr. Graham.

Not printed.

233. A return to an Order of the Senate dated 7th March, 1913. for a copy of all papers,

letters, petitions, contracts and other papers relating in any way to the purchase of

land at Le Pas for terminus of Hudson Bay road.— (Senate) Not printed.

Ill

4

3 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

CANADA

I

COMPILED REPORTS

OF THE

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

1905-1913

VOLUME II

Submitted in Accordance tvith the Provisions of Chapter 36, Section 37,
of the Revised Statutes of Canada.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT

OTTAWA

PRINTED BY C. H. PARMALEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1913
[N° 19a— 1913.]

i

3 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

1908-9

19a— 43* 671

[a GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY ON THE GREAT LAKES AND

CONNECTING WATERS

JOINT REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION.

Toronto, Ontario, June 23, 1908.

To the Honourable the Secretary of State of the United States of America and
The Honourable the Minister of Public Works of the Dominion of Canada.

The International Waterways Commission has the honour to submit the
following report and preliminary estimate upon the work prescribed to it by
article i of the Treaty of April 11, 1908, relating to the more complete definition
and demarcation of the international boundary between the United States and
the Dominion of Canada.

1. The commission has decided that the series of charts be uniform in size.

That a scale of 1 20,000 be adopted for the delineation of the rivers and
Pigeon bay; that the head of the St. LawTence river and foot of Lake Ontario,
the east and west ends of Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, False Detour passage and
the east end of Lake Superior (Whitefish bay) be delineated on a scale of 1 60,000;
that lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron and Superior be delineated on a scale of 1 .300,-
000; and that the Niagara river from Lewiston to La Salle, and the St. Marys
river from Little Rapids to Point aux Pins, be also delineated on a larger scale
of 1 10,000.

The standard size of these charts to be 40 by 50 inches within the border.

Ba.sed upon the foregoing, there will be required: — •

7 charts for the St. Lawrence river.
2 " " Lake Ontario.

2 " " Niagara river.

3 " " Lake Erie.

2 " " Detroit river .

1 chart " Lake St. Clair.

2 charts " the St. Clair river.

2 . " " Lake Huron.

4 " " St. Marys river.

3 " " Lake Superior.

1 chart on 1 10,000 for Niagara falls,
a chart on 1 10,000 for St. Marys falls.

Total 30

That these charts be projected upon the new United States standard datum,
and show substantially the follo^\dng: —

The shore line of the lakes, rivers, islands and the mouths of the more
important tributary streams; the location of all the principal cities and to^wTis;
the location of all lighthouses, and all permanent aids to na^^gation; and all
of the hydrography available from the Canadian and United States surveys;
all of the geographic positions upon which the projections are based; the boundary
line, and all monuments, ranges, buoys, &c., used to mark it.

673

674 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Our reasons for the foregoing recommendations are based upon a careful
study of the Lake Survey charts. It was found that a series of charts based upon
two scales, one for the lakes and one for the rivers, would not satisfy all of the
conditions. Three scales, namely, 20, 60 and 300 thousand, cover every feature
of the boundary in a fairly satisfactory manner, with the possible exception of
the immediate locaHties of Niagara falls and the St. Marys falls. For these
localities, where large poMer interests are located, we have adopted a chart
for each on a scale of 1 10,000. It is possible that there may be other localities
where, after further consideration, it may be ad^asable to delineate them on
a scale of 1 10,000 also. It should be understood that these charts on this
scale are to be extras; that is, thej- will cover areas that will be delineated on
the smaller scale charts. It will be seen at a glance that this method would be
much cheaper than to produce all of the river charts on a scale of 1 10,000.

One of the difficulties of producing all of the river charts on a scale of 1 10,-
000 is that in certain localities thej- would not show enough of the territory
adjacent to the river to permit of showing permanent marks and ranges.

2. Ha^dug, as above, determined upon the most suitable scales for the
proposed charts, there naturally follows the question of production, not only
for delineating the boundary line, but for fulfilling the terms of the treatj* by
making four copies for the files of the two governments.

For the charts, the commission is of the opinion that the surveys of the
United States Lake Survey can be safely taken, as they embrace all the United
States shores and much of the Canadian, and that most of the missing portions
of the latter can be filled in from the work of the Canadian Hj'drographic Survey.

The majority of the charts of the United States Lake Survey now in use
were constructed prior to the connection between its triangulation and that
of the Coast and Geodetic Survej^, from which was derived the L^nited States
standard datum, and as a consequence these charts are not in accord with
that datum.

In our opinion it would be quite improper for an international commission
engaged in such an important work as the delineation of a boundary line, to
offer the public of Imo countries any charts not drawn from the latest information
available.

It therefore becomes necessary to construct new charts for the special .
purpose upon nearly uniform scales.

The charts called for may be produced in three ways: —

(a) By draughting on paper;

(b) By photolithography, ancl

(c) By engraving.

(a) By draughting. — In this method, the projection, reduction and drawing
must be dra'WTi carefulty on paper, and from the finished sheet, four separate copies
would be taken singly and independently. This process would be very laborious
and costly, and would leave infinite chances for inaccuracies, inconsistencies
and omissions, to such an extent that it would be almost impossible to assert
that any two copies were exactly ahke. In addition, most of the accuracj-
obtained from redrawing would be sacrified in the various necessary transfers.

(6) By photolithography. — In this method one copy must be most carefully
and neatlj' drawn in every particular for the photographer. The commission
does not feel that it would be justified in adopting this method because of the
distortion that usually accompanies the use of photography.

(c) By engraving. — There are two kinds of engra\ang usually practised in
the production of charts, that upon stone and that upon copper, the former
being cheaper and more expeditious.

In this process the projection can be accuratelj' draA\ai upon the stones,
and the details of shore-line, hydrography, &c., placed directly there by reducing

IXTERKATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 675

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

from the originals either by pantagraph or photography without any necessity
for a finished drawing. The commission has adopted this method of reproduc-
tion, because upon the stone the chart can be drawn more accurately than upon
paper, and from this a7iy number of charts can be printed immediately, each one
exactly like all the others. In addition, if thought advisable, the charts can
be preserved on these stones for all time; or thej^ can be transferred to copper
by the process now used by the Lake Survey, the copper plates preserved and
the stones sold.

An approximate estimate of the chart work by this method would be
$60,000.

3. Field work required for the preparation of charts.

In the construction of charts for navigation purposes the two governments
have been engaged for several years. The survey of the United States shores
has been completed in conjunction with a primary triangulation that extends
into Canada in many places. Of the Canadian shores, those of lakes Huron
and Erie have been completed, while that of Lake Superior is partially done,
and, wherever possible, connection has been made with the triangulation of
the United States Lake Survey, so that the two surveys may be taken as giving
an accurate delineation of the outline of the lakes. For an accurate determina-
tion of the boundary line there remains to be surveyed the whole of the north
shore of Lake Ontario from False Ducks to Port Dalhousie, a portion of Lake
Superior in the vicinity of Otter Head, and a resurvej' of Pigeon bay on a larger
scale than has been used by the Canadian Hj'drographic Survey.

4. Placing monuments, ranges, buoys, &c., to mark the boundary.

The treaty calls upon the commission to mark the international boundary
by monuments, ranges, buoys, &c., wherever possible. The cost of this work
will depend upon the number and character of marks established, but a rough
estimate would be $100,000, making an approximate total for doing the work
of $160,000.

A probable estimate for expenditures the first year is $15,000 for each
government.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

GEO. C. GIBBONS,

Chairman, Canadian Section.

LOUIS COSTE,

Member, Canadian Section.

WM. J. STEWART,

Member, Canadian Section.

0. H. ERNST,

Brigadier-General U.S. Army, Retired.
Chairman, American Section.

GEORGE CLINTON,

Member, American Section.

E. E. HASKELL,

Attests — Member, American Section.

Thomas Cote,

Secretary, Canadian Section.

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary, American Section.

676 DEPARTMEXr OF I'l BLIC }yORES

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

FOURTH PROGRESS REPORT OF THE AMERICAN

SECTION

Being Reports to the Secretarj- of State' and the Secretary of War.

DECEMBER 1, 1908

REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE.

International Waterways Commission,

Office of American Section, 328 Federal Building,

Blffalo, N.Y., November 21, 1908.

The Honourable Secretary of State,

Washington, D.C.

Sir : 1 . The American members of the International Waterways Commission
have the honour to submit the following report covering their work under the
Department of State during the year ending December 1, 1908.

2. By Article IV of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain
signed April 11, 1908, and, after exchange of ratifications, proclaimed July 1,
1908, the commission is authorized to ascertain and re-establish the location
of that portion of the international boundary between the United States and the
Dominion of Canada which passes through the Great Lakes system beginning at
its point of intersection with the St. Lawrence River near the forty-fifth parallel
of latitude, and extending through the St. Lawrence River and the Great
Lakes and communicating waterways to the mouth of Pigeon River, at the
western shore of Lake Superior. A copy of this article of the treaty having been
transmitted to the commission by your letter of May 21, 1908 — copy appended
marked 'A' — the subject was considered at meetings held in Buffalo June 2
and in Toronto June 23, and at the latter meeting a preliminary report, sub-
mitting a project for the work with estimate of cost, was prepared and forwarded,
copy appended marked 'B.' After a careful study of existing charts it was con-
cluded that the best results could not be obtained without constructing a new set
of special charts. In view of the high standard of the existing charts, it is proper
to state the reasons for this. The charts of the United States Lake Survey,
as published, represent the highest type of surveying skill. The area covered by
any single sheet is sho^vll prolaably with as much accuracy as can be attained or
is desired. The position of such area upon the earth's surface has, however,
of late years been the subject of revision. The geographical coordinates used
in constructing the charts were ascertained with the greatest precision obtainable
at the time. Since that date, however, the telegraphic method of determining

IXTERXATWKAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 677

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

longitude has become available for this territory to a much greater extent than
it was then, and the triangulation of the Lake Survey has been connected
with that of the Coast and Goedetic Survey. From this connection was derived
the United States standard datum, to which all the more recent charts are
referred. It shows that considerable corrections are required, to give the older
charts their proper places on the earth's surface. Admirably as these charts
have served and still serve their purpose, which is to aid navigation, they are
not scientifically and theoretically correct. As the length of the line to be mark-
ed is over 1,300 miles, it is desirable that all known errors be eliminated. The
scales of these charts, which vary considerably, are not the most convenient for
the present purpose, while the size of the sheets is not uniform. They contain
an immense amomit of detail which is of no use in connection with the boundary
and serves only to obscure it. New work in the field is required to delineate
the Canadian shores of Lake Ontario and part of Lake Superior, which work is
now in progress and will be completed by the Canadian Hydrographic Survey.

3. For these reasons the preparation of a set of special charts has, with your
approval, been midertaken in the office of the American Section at Buffalo,
under the joint supervision of the commission. They are to be of the uniform
size of 40 by 50 inches within the border. The scale adopted for the delineation
i^f the rivers and Pigeon Bay is ^j,^ « tr ', that for the head of the St. Lawrence River,
the foot of Lake Ontario, the east and west ends of Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, False
Detour Passage, and the east end of Lake Superior is rtolon; that for Lakes Ont-
ario, Erie, Huron,andSuperioryio]TV,)0 ; and for the immediate vicinity of Niagara
Falls and the Sault Ste. INIarie TirJiTiy- The charts will show the shore lines of the
lakes, rivers, islands, and the mouths of the more important streams; the location
of all the principal cities and towns and of all the lighthouses and other perman-
ent aids to navigation ; all hydrography available from the Canadian and United
States surveys; all the geographic positions upon which the projections are based;
and the boimdary line, with all monuments, ranges, buoys, etc., etc., used to
mark it; unnecessary topography will be omitted. They will be projected and
drawn directly upon copper plates, from which exact copies may be made in any
desired number. Di-stortion of scale and errors in copying will thus be avoided.
One set of copper plates having been prepared; a duplicate set will be made by
electrotyping, and one set then deposited in the archives of each government.
The data for these charts, with the exception of the new field work on the
Canadian shores above mentioned, are in the Engineer Bureau of the War
Department, and in the office of the Canadian Hydrographic Survey. Under
authority of the honourable Secretary of War, the Chief of Engineers,U.S. Army,
has placed at the disposal of the commission the original large scale manuscript
charts constructed in the office of the Lake Survey, and other records of his
bureau. The prompt and cheerful manner in which he has answered all calls
for information deserves and receives the thanks of the commission.

4. Through the courtesy of the honourable Secretary of the Treasury, addition-
al rooms in the federal building at Buffalo were assigned for the use of the com-
mission, and the necessary furniture provided, certain special articles being made
to order from designs furnished by the commission. By your letter dated
August 7, 1908, an allotment of $10,000 was made for carrying on the work until
an additional appropriation can be obtained from Congress.

5. These preliminary arrangements have consumed much time and have
only recently been completed. The services of competent experts for projecting
the maps and engraving them on copper have been secured, and the work is now
fairly inaugurated under promising circumstances.

6. The cost of the work is estimated to be for the preparation of charts
$60,000, and for the placing of monuments, ranges, buoys, etc., $100,000, or
$160,000 in all, which being equally divided, makes a charge of $80,000 to each

678 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

country. The amount required by the American section for the next fiscal
year is $20,000 in addition to the amount already allotted, and should Ije made
immediately available. It will suffice to complete the charts. The amount
required to place the monuments, etc., will be asked for next year.

Very respectfully,

0. H. ERNST,
Brig.-Gen'l, U.S. Army, Retired,

Chairman, of American Section.
GEORGE CLINTON,

Member of Arnerican Section.
E. E. HASKELL,
Attest: Member of American Section.

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary of American Section.

APPENDIX A.

Department of State,

Washington, May 21, 1908.

Brig. Gen. O. H. Ernst, U. S. Army, Retired, chairman.

Mr. George Clinton, and Prof. E. E. Haskell,

United States members of the International Waterways Commission.

Gentlemen : I have to bring to j-our knowledge the provisions of Article
IV of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain, signed at Wash-
ington, April 11, 1908, and approved by the Senate, May 4, 1908, providing for
a more complete definition and demarcation of the international boundary
between the United States and the Dominion of Canada, which article in full
reads as follows:

'The high contracting parties agree that the existing International Water-
ways Commission, constituted by concurrent action of the United States and
the Dominion of Canada and composed of three commissioners on the part of
the United States and three commissioners on the part of the Dominion of
Canada, is hereby authorized and empowered to ascertain and re-establish
accurately the location of the international boundary line beginning at the
point of its intersection with the St. Lawrence River near the forty-fifth parallel
of north latitude, as determined under Articles I and VI of the treaty of August
9, 1842, between the United States and Great Britain, and thence through the
Great Lakes and communicating waterways to the mouth of Pigeon River, at
the western shore of Lake Superior, in accordance with the description of such
line in Article II of the treaty of peace between the United States and Great
Britain, dated September 3, 1783, and of a portion of such line in Article II of
the treaty of August 9, 1842, aforesaid, and as described in the joint report
dated June 18, 1822, of the commissioners appointed under Article VI of the
treaty of December 24, 1814, between the United States and Great Britain,
with respect to a portion of said line and as marked on charts prepared by
them and filed with said report, and with respect to the remaining portion of
said line as marked on the charts adopted as treaty charts of the boundary
under the provisions of Article II of the treaty of 1842, above mentioned, with
such deviation from said line, however, as may be required on account of the
cession by Great Britain to the United States of the portion of Horse Shoe Reef
in the Niagara River necessary for the lighthouse erected there by the United

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 679

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

States in accordance with the terms of the protocol of a conference held at
the British Foreign Office December 9, 1850, between the representatives of the
two governments and signed by them agreeing upon such cession; and it is
agreed that wherever the boundary is shown on said charts by a curved line
along the water the commissioners are authorized in their discretion to adopt,
in place of such curved line, a series of connecting straight lines defined by
distances and courses and following generally the course of such curved line,
but conforming strictly to the description of the boundary in the existing treaty
provisions, and the geographical co-ordinates of the turning points of such line
shall be stated by said commissioners so as to conform to the system of lati-
tudes and longitudes of the charts mentioned, below and the said commissioners
shall, so far as practicable, mark the course of the entire boundary line located
and defined as aforesaid, bj^ buoys and monuments in the waterwaj^s and by
permanent range marks established on the adjacent shores or islands, and by
such other boundary marks and at such points as in the judgment of the com-
missioners it is desirable that the boundary should be so marked; and the line
of the boundary defined and located as aforesaid shall be laid down by said
commissioners on accurate modern charts prepared or adopted by them for that
purpose, in quadruplicate sets, certified and signed by the commissioners, two
duplicate originals of which shall be filed by them with each government; and
the commissioners shall also prepare in duplicate and file with each govern-
ment a joint report or reports describing in detail the course of said line and
the range marks and buoys marking it, and the character and location of each
boundary mark. The majority of the commissioners shall have power to render
a decision.

'The line so defined and laid down shall be taken and deemed to be the
international boundary as defined and established by treaty provisions and the
proceedings thereunder as aforesaid from its intersection with the St. Lawrence
River to the mouth of Pigeon River.'

In the performance of the duties which will devolve upon you under this
article of the treaty, j'ou will act under and report to the Department of State.

I am, gentlemen, your obedient servant

ELIHU ROOT.

APPENDIX B.

Report of the International Waterways Commission upon the re-demarcation
of the Boundary line on the Great Lakes and Connecting Waters. (Seepage 673.)

REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR.

International Waterways Commission,

Office of Chairman, American Section.

Washington, D.C, December 1, 1908.
The Honourable Secretary of War, Washington, D.C.

Sir: 1. The American members of the International Waterways Com-
mission have the honour to submit the fallowing progress report covering their
work under the War Department for the year ending December 1, 1908.

NIAGARA falls AND RIVER.

2. In our last progress report reference was made to a resolution which
had been passed by the Committee on Rivers and Harbours of the House of
Representatives, referring to the commission for report a bill which the com-
mittee had under consideration, entitled 'A bill amending an act entitled "An

680 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

act for the control and regulation of the waters of Niagara River, for the pre-
servation of Niagara Falls, and for other purposes," approved June 29, 1906.
The object of the bill was to authorize the diversion of water from the Niagara
River at the Whirlpool Rapids, below the falls, by the Lower Niagara River
Power and Water Supply Company. The subject was considered at a meeting
of the American Section in Buffalo, February 2-i, 1908. At this meeting repre-
sentatives of the Niagara Gorge Railroad Company, and its subsidiary companj^
the Niagara Gorge Power Company, who also had a bill before Congress to
authorize the diversion of water at the Whirlpool Rapids, asked for a hearing.
Although their bill had not been referred to the commission, and could not be
considered by it at that time, we thought it best to grant the hearing after
explaining the circumstances to the appUcant, in order to be prepared to report
upon the bill in case it should be referred to us subsequently. It was not,
however, so referred. At a joint meeting of the commission in Buffalo, March
3, 1908, a report to the Rivers and Harbours Committee was agreed upon and
forwarded, copies being sent also to the honourable Secretary of War and to
the honourable Secretary of State. A copy of the report is hereto appended
marked 'A.'

3. During the summer of 1908 the works of the Niagara Falls Power Com-
pany were shut down upon three occasions, the first on June 14, to. enable
the International Railway Company to inspect the foundation of the American
abutment, of their steel arch bridge, and the others July 19 and August 1, for
the purpose of making repairs to the tunnel. The commission having been
notified in advance, through the courtesy of Mr. Edward A. Wickes, vice-
president of the company, took advantage of the opportunity to observe the effect
upon the river and the falls of the diversion or non-diversion of the consider-
able body of water used by that company. Its American secretary was directed
to install water gauges at and above the falls, and to observe these gauges
before, during, and after the shut down, and to make a careful inspection of
the tunnel wlule empty, in its hydraulic capacity. A violent storm on Lake
Erie masked the effects of the shut down of June 14, but interesting results
were obtained from the observations of those of Jxily 19 and August 1. Upon
July 19 the plant of the other power companj' on the American side, the Niagara
Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company, also was almost coru-
pletely shut down. The report of the secretary upon these observations is
hereto appended, marked 'B.' The conclusion which he reaches is that the
diversion of 8,000 cubic feet per second through these plants lowers the level
of Niagara River at Grass Island, near the intake of the Niagara Falls Power
Company, about 3M inches; near the Ontario intake on the Canadian side,
about 134 inches; and at Prospect Point, the crest of the American fall, about
four-tenths of an inch. These results are at first glance somewhat surprising.
They show that of the water diverted on the American side a larger portion is
dra^^^l from water naturally tributary to the Canadian fall than has heretofore
been estimated. In 1907 the United States Lake Survey determined that the
relative amount of water flowing over the American fall was about 4-85 per
cent of the total discharge of the river, the remainder going over the Horseshoe
Fall, which was at variance with preconceived notions. It now appears that
these proportions hold also, at least approximately, for the water drawn through
the power intakes as now located on the American side. It is possible that
further observations, if they could be made, would increase the amount of
change here attributed to the diversion of 8,000 cubic feet per second. The
gauge observations were taken from staff gauges, by observers employed for
the occasion, and may perhaps not be entirely free from error. But they are
close approximations. If the amount of change as here found be doubled it
will still remain small, and the conclusion above drawn as to the source of the
water will hold good.

INTERNATIOKAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 681

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY.

4. On the 11th of April, 1908, a treaty between the United States and
Great Britain was signed at Washington, providing for the more complete defi-
nition and demarcation of the international boundary between the United
States and the Dominion of Canada. Ratifications were exchanged at Wash-
ington Jime 4, 1908, and the treaty was proclaimed July 1, 1908. By Article
IV of this treaty this commission is authorized to ascertain and re-establish
the location of that portion of the boundary line which passes through the
Great Lakes system, beginning at its point of intersection with the St. Law-
rence River near the forty-fifth parallel of latitude, and extending through
the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes and communicating waterways
to the mouth of Pigeon River, at the western shore of Lake Superior. For this
duty the commission acts under and reports to the honourable Secretary of
State.

POWER WORKS IN ST. LAWRENCE RIVER NEAR LONG SAULT ISLAND.

5. The legislation proposed in the Congress of the United States relating
to the development of power in the St. Lawrence River near Long S^ult Island,
was considered by the commission in 1907, but action was deferred at the request
of the prime minister of Canada, as stated in our last progress report. After
the date of that report the matter was left in abeyance by the American members,
to await the convenience of their Canadian colleagues, until the meeting of
October 31, 1908, when it was again brought up, and it was decided to consider
and if possible finally dispose of the matter at a meeting to be held in Toronto,
November 20. Before the latter meeting was held, however, a letter dated
November 15, 1908, was received from the Long Sault Development Company —
which is the company interested in the development on the American side —
stating that the St. Lawrence Power Company, Limited — which is the allied com-
pany interested in the development on the Canadian side — were engaged in
further surveys and studies, and that it was not the intention of the first named
company to introduce a bill into the United States Congress until the plans
for the entire project were complete. This removes all urgency in the case,
and makes unnecessary for the present a separate report by the American
section. Considerable opposition to the scheme has been developed by the
na\ngation interests of the St. Lawrence River. The investigation by the
Canadian government not having been completed, and the urgency of the case
having been removed, consideration of the subject was again deferred.

REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE.

6. A large amount of labour has been expended during the year upon the
solution of this important problem, but it has not been entirely completed.
It is hoped that a report upon the subject can be submitted at an early day.

Very respectfully,

0. H. ERNST,

Brigadier-General, U-S.A., Retired, Chairman of American Section.

GEORGE CLINTON,

Member of American Section.

E. E. HASKELL,

Attest: Member of American Section.

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary American Section.

682 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WOliKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

APPENDIX A.

REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

UPON THE DIVERSION OF WATER AT THE WHIRLPOOL

RAPIDS BELOW THE FALLS IN NIAGARA RIVER.

International Waterways Commission, Office of American Section.

Buffalo, N.Y., March 3, 1908.
Hon. T. E. Burton, Chairman Committee on Rivers and Harbours,
House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.
Sir, — In compliance with the request contained in your letter of the 19th
instant the International Waterways Commission liave the honour to submit
the following remarks upon the bill H. R. 25546, Fifty-ninth Congress, second
session, introduced in the House of Representatives Februarv 8, 1907, and
referred to the commission in May last. The bill authorizes the '^ower Niagara
River Power and Water Supply Company to divert M^ater from the Niagara
River below the Falls to an amount not exceeding 40,000 cubic leet per second.
In our report to the two governments dated May 3, 1906, we recommended
that the total amount of water to be diverted from the Niagara River above
the falls should not be allowed to exceed 64,500 cubic feet per second, of
which 28,500 cubic feet, including 10,000 cubic feet for the Chicago Drainage
Canal, was to be diverted on the American side and 36,000 cubic feet on the
Canadian side. These numbers were fixed by the special conditions of the
case, and are not to be taken as a guide in fixing the amount of water which
may properly be diverted from the Niagara River elsewhere or in dividing
it between the two countries. The preservation of the rapids of Niagara River
above and below the whirlpool is in our judgment of nearly as great impor-
tance to the aesthetic education of the people as is the preservation of the falls
themselves. In both cases their grandeur is dependent upon their volume.
In this case it is not necessary, and in our judgment it is not expedient, to allow
the diversion of an amount which shall in any sense be experimental. It is our
opinion that about 40,000 cubic feet per second can be diverted without per-
c'eptible injury to the rapids, and that any amount greater than that will approach
the danger line more and more nearly according to its volume. We therefore
recommend that no more than 40,000 cubic feet be diverted on both sides of the
river taken together.

The general rule which shoidd govern the diversion of the water between
the two countries is that each side should be entitled to one-half. In the absence
of a treaty between the two governments to regulate the diversion of water
from the Niagara River, Congress should not, in our judgment, dispose of more
than half of the total; that is in this case, 20,000 cubic feet per second. If no
other company is to be provided for, there seems to be no objection to the
passage of the bill referred to us, after cutting down the quantity of water to be
allowed to 20,000 cubic feet per second.

Very respectfully, O. H. ERNST,

Brigadier-General, U. S. Army, Retired, Chairman American Section.

GEORGE CLINTON,

Member Anierican Section.
E. E. HASKELL,

Member American Section.
GEO. C. GIBBONS,

Chairmrn Canadian Section.
Attest: WM. J. STEWART,

W. Edward Wilson, Member Canadian Section.

Member American Section.

IXTERNATIONAL WATEEXTATS COMMISSION 683

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

APPENDIX B.

Buffalo, N.Y., September 12, 1908.

To the International Waterways Commission :

SiHS, — In compliance with the instructions given me at the meeting of the
commission held at Buffalo, N.Y., June 2, 1908, to take observations and deter-
mine the effect on the river and falls of the diversion of water by the Ameri-
can power plants at Niagara Falls, I have the honour to report:

I. On the condition of the tunnel of the Niagara Falls Power Company.

II. The quantity of water required to generate one horse-power in power-
houses 1 and 2 of the Niagara Falls Power Company.

III. The effect on the Niagara River and Falls, caused by the shutting off
of water from the plants on the American side of the Niagara River.

I

I. CONDITIfjN OF THE TUNNEL OF THE NLA.G.4.RA FALLS POWER COMPAXY.

On June 14, 1908, the Niagara Falls Power Company closed dowa their plant,
to allow the International Railway Company to inspect the American abut-
ment of the steel arch bridge, which is located near the outlet of the Niagara
Falls Power Company's tunnel, the railway company being of the opinion that
the abutment might be undermined, due to erosion, caused by the discharge
of water from the tunnel. This shutdown also gave the Niagara Falls Power
Company an opportunity to inspect the general condition of its tunnel. Accord-
ingly, at 1.30 A.M. of the above date, the Niagara Falls Power Company's plant
was closed down and the tumiel drained. Shortly thereafter. General Manager,
Philip P. Barton, Maj. Charles W. Kutz, Corps, of Engineers, U.S. Army, and
the writer, made an inspection trip of the tunnel, entering through the power
plants of the company, located on the north shore of the Niagara River, adja-
cent to the pool immediately above the rapids approaching the falls. The
water used by this company is extracted from the river through a forebay and
large intake, passed through the turbines of the separate power-houses, dis-
charged into two separate wheel pits, and thence carried by separate tunnels
therefrom, which intersect at a point about 6,874 feet from the portal of the
tunnel, whence it is discharged into the lower river. The tunnel is 6,917 feet
in length, from the north end of wheel pit No. 1 to the outlet, and 7,548 feet
from the north end of wheel pit No. 2 to the outlet. It has an average height
of 21 feet and 0-2.5 inch and a maximum width of 18 feet 10 inches, with a cir-
cular top of approximately 11 feet 2J/2 inches radius, and an invert at the bottom
whose inverse side is about ll}4, inches. From the ogee at the outlet of the
tunnel, which ends about 205 feet from the face of the portal of masonary, the
slope of the tunnel to station 52 + 0 is 0-7 per cent; from station 52 to station
68-1-73 -5 — the intersection of the tunnels from wheel pit No. 1 and wheel pit
No. 2 — the slope is 0-4 per cent.

Power-house No. 1 began operation August 25, 1895, and power-house No. 2,
October 31, 1902. During this period, with one exception, when a shutdown
was made several years ago for the purpose of inspecting the tunnel, the quan-
tity of water discharged has reached several thousand cubic feet per second,
flowing with a velocity of 20 to 30 feet per second in the tunnel, which, at
various times, has carried ice that was discharged through the ice spillway into
the timnel. The lining of the timnel is made up of several courses of vitri-
fied brick, set in joints of Portland cement mortar, the inside surface being
made as smooth as possible. From wheel pit No. 1 to the mouth of the tunnel,
the condition of the lining was excellent. No erosion was noticeable at any
place, the inside of the tunnel being covered with a very thin, green slimy

684 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

deposit. Opposite the outlet of the International Paper Companj-'s tunnel,
which intersects the main tunnel about two-thirds of the distance from the
mouth, a slight pitting of the brick surface was noticed, which was said to have
been caused by blasting in the paper mill tunnel during construction. It was
stated by the general manager that this same condition was noticed several
years before, during a prior shutdoT\ai. From the intersection of the tmmels
from wheel pits Nos. 1 and 2 to wheel pit No. 2, the lining was broken in two
places; one point, about 25 feet above the intersection of the two tunnels, and
the other at the junction of the tunnel with wheel pit No. 2. The breaks in
the tuimel lining occurred in the roof in both instances. In the first case, bricks
had been torn out and dropped into the tunnel for a distance of about 25 feet.
In the second break, the entire roof had been ripped out for a distance of 10
or 11 bents, occupying approximately 100 linear feet, the roof falling in large
blocks, the largest of which contained about 2 cubic yards, the bricks and cement
forming a solid monolith. An inspection of these blocks, which were still in
the invert of the tunnel, showed that the break in the roof of the tunnel had
occurred several years ago, as the exterior fractured surfaces were well water-
worn. The breaks in the roof are attributed to the discharge, during the first
winter that power-house No. 2 was in operation, of large blocks of ice through
the ice chute into the timnel, which was accompanied by a large unbroken sheet
of water, in which air was entrailed, and carried into the tuimel. At short
intervals, during this period, explosions occurred, which shook the windows
in power-house No. 2. These explosions ceased after a buffer or gridiron of
of steel rails was placed in the ice chute, whereby the ice and the sheet of water
were broken and the entrailed air allowed to escape before reaching the tunnel.
The inspection of the American abutment of the steel-arch bridge showed
some slight erosion to the concrete retaining wall that had been placed near
the outlet of the tumiel when the bridge was built, and resulted in the Inter-
national Railway Company constructing, between July 19 and July 28, 1908,
an additional buffer, or concrete retaining wall, placed outside on the north
end of the abutment, to prevent further erosion of the original retaining wall
by the water discharged from the tunnel.

II. QUANTITY OF WATER REQUIRED TO GENERATE ONE ELECTRICAL HORSE-POWER
IN POWER-HOUSES 1 AND 2 OF THE NIAGARA FALLS POWER COMPANY.

On page 7 of the report by Capt. Charles W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers, U.S.
Army, dated October 5, 1905 (being a part of the report upon the existing water
power situation at Niagara Falls, so far as concerns the diversion of water on
the American side), the following extract is quoted from section 9: —

' As a result of more or less recent tests made bj' the engineers of the power
company, it was determined that an average in the two power-houses of 0-101
cubic feet of water per second was required to develop one electrical horse-power
at the switchboard. If this determination is correct, the development of 100,-
000 electrical horse-power, the nominal capacity of the plant, would require
10,100 cubic feet of water per second. This amount exceeds by 1,500 cubic
feet the amount computed as necessarj- under the assumed efficiencj' of the tur-
bines and theoretic effective heads anoted above.'

The nominal capacitj- of power plants 1 and 2 has been stated to be 100,000
horse-power, but up to date the maximum amount of electrical horse-power
actually developed, measured at the s^vitchboard, was 82,460, which occurred
about 5.30 P.^NL, October 27, 1905. No current meter measurements of the total
flow of water were made in the canal at this time, so that the only method of
determining the quantit}' actually used depends upon the turbine ratmg curves
of one wheel in each power-house.

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWArS COMMISSION

685

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

That 100,000 horse-power has never been developed is due to the fact that the
tunnel cannot discharge the quantity of water required to generate the power
under existing conditions. The tunnel was originally designed to carry the
water from the wheels at an average velocity of about 25J^ feet per second. In
order for the water to attain this velocity, head must be created ia the wheel
pits, which necessarily reduces the effective head under which the turbines
operate, thus decreasing the efficiency of the plant.

On June 13, 1908, at 10 A.M., the Niagara Falls Power Company had a load
on their two power plants of 77,920 electrical horse-power, measured at the
switchboards. During this time, the United States Lake Survey made current
meter measurements of the quantity of water actually being used by the power
company to develop this quantity of power. The writer has also obtained from
the company the load upon the individual generators, the head acting on the
turbines and their rated efficiency for various outputs of power.

The hydraulic data and loads on the several turbines in power-houses Nos.
1 and 2, taken during this extremely heavy output on the above-mentioned date,
have been reduced and are given in table No. 1.

Table No. 1. — Showing quantity of water required to generate 1 electrical
horse-power, measured at switchboard, in power-houses Nos. 1 and 2 of
the Niagara Falls Power Company at 10 A. M., June 13, 1908.

Unit.

Load,

kUo-

watts.

Load,
Elec-
trical
horse-
power.

Eleva-
tion,
head

water.

Eleva^
tion,
tail

water.

Mean
head

on tur-
bines.

Rated
efiSci-
encv of

tur-
bines.

Quantity of
water used, de-
termined by —

Quantity of
water required

to generate
electral

horsepower,

measured at
switchboard.

Tur-
bine
rating.

Current
meter
meas-
ure-
ment

Tur-
bine
rating.

Current
meter
meas-
ure-
ment.

Power houseNo 1
1

2,880
2,880
3,080

3,860
3,860
4,130

560 0
560-4
560-4
560-4
560-4
560-4
560-3
560-3
560-4
560-4

419-8
420-5
421-7
422-8
423-8
424-4
424-7
425-0
425-3
425-7

135-4
135-4
135-4

i35-4'
135-4
135-3
135-3

52-9
52-9
55-6

■ "62;6'
51-3

50-8
50-01

Sec. ft.
474
474
483

■■■'soe

469
467
466

Sec. ft.

Sec. ft.
•123
-123
-117

'■■-ios'

•127

Sec. ft.
•128

2

3.. .

■128
•122

4

5 . .

3,600
2,760
2,720
2,680

4,830
3,700
3,650
3,590

•110

6

•132

7

•128
•130

•133

8

9

•135

10

3,200

4,290

134-7

57-1

491

•114-

•119

Total

23,800

31,910

3,830

3,995

•120

•125

Power houseNo2,
11

3,560
3,720
3,460
3,600
3,500
3,560

4,770
4,990
4,640
4,830
4,690
4,770

560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6
560-6

423-9
423-9
423-9
424-0
424-0
424-0
423-6
423-2
422-8
422-3
421-9

136-7
136-7
136-7
136-6
136-6
136-6

71-5
72-9
79-7
71-9
71-0
71-5

429
441
422
433
426
430

-090
-088

-094

12

■ (\Q9.

13

-091 1 095

14

-090 ! 094

15

-091 j -095

16

•090 1 -094

17

1

18

3,320
3,220
3,300
3,080

4,450
4,320
4,420
4,130

137 4
137-8
138-3
138-7

69-5
68-5
69-2
67-4

410
403
406
389

-092
-093
-092
■094

-096

19

-097

20

21

-096
•098

Total

34,320

46,010

4,189

4,370

•091

-095

Grand total....

58 120

77,920

8,019

8,365

19a— 44

686 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

A reduction made by the rating tables of the 2 turbines in power-houses 1
and 2 gives the quantity of water used by the 8 turbines in power-house No. 1
as 3,830 cubic feet per second, and by the 10 turbines in power-house No. 2 as
4,189 cubic feet per second, a total of 8,019 cubic feet. The quantity of water
actually used, as measured by the United States Lake Survey, was 8,475 cubic
feet per second, from which should be deducted 35 cubic feet per second as the
quantitj' used in the exciter turbines, and about 75 cubic feet per second, the
quantity of water used by the Niagara Falls Water Works Company (see page
7 of report on water-power situation at Niagara Falls, so far as concerns the
diversion of water on the American side, section 11 and end of section 12),
which leaves 8,365 cubic feet passing through the turbines. Assuming that the
amount of -water actually used by the turbines in power-houses 1 and 2 is propor-
tional to the difference in the current meter measurement and the

4,189 X 8,365

amount determined by the rating curve, we have = 4,370 cubic

8,019
feet per second, the quantity of water actually used in the turbines in power-
3,830 X 8,475

house No. 2, and = 3,995 cubic feet per second, the quantity of

8,019
water actually used in the turbines in power-house No. 1, a difference of approx-
imatelj' 4 per cent between the discharge as computed by the turbine ratings
and the discharge as actuallj' measured. This table is one of many which
could be computed to determine the actual quantity of water that could flow
through the Niagara Falls Power Company's tunnel vath varj-ing amounts of
power developed. The results given herein hold for this condition only and
should not be taken as a definite ratio until further observations have been
reduced.

The efficiency of the turbines decrease rapidly when they are operated on
part load, and any determmation of the quantity of water required to generate
one electrical horse-power should be determined when the plant is operated at
its full instead of part load. A determination made at part load gives a much
larger quantity of water per horse-power than under full load, which if used to
compute the capacity of the plant would be in considerable error. Table No. 1
shows that under the conditions at time of measurement a load of 4,800 horse-
power on a generator in power-house No. 1 required 0-110 cubic feet per second
per horse-power, whereas a load of 3,700 horse-power required 0-132 cubic foot
per second per horse-power. In power-house No. 2, 5,000 horse-power required
0-092 cubic foot per second per horse-power, whereas 4,100 horse-power required
about 0-098 cubic foot per second per horse-power. It is readily seen, therefore,
that unless all of the turbines are loaded to their full capacity, which has not
occurred to date, it will be very difficult to state the quantity of water in cubic
feet per second required to generate one horse-power. Under the conditions
existing at time of measurement, an average load of 4,000 horse-power per gene-
rator in power-house No. 1 required 0 - 125 cubic foot per second to generate
one horse-power, measured at the switchboard; while an average load of 4,600
horse-power per generator in power-house No. 2 required 0-095 cubic foot per
second to generate one horse-power.

III. THE EFFECT ON THE NIAGAR.^ RIVER AND FALLS CAUSED BY THE SHUTTING

OFF OF WATER FROM THE PLANTS ON THE AMERICAN SIDE OF

NIAGARA RIVER.

Commencing at 7 A.M., Jvaie 13, 1908, the International Waterways
Commission, in conjunction with the United States Lake Survej' and the Niagara
Falls Power Company, observed water levels at several points in the Niagara

INTERNATIONAL WATEBWAT8 COMMISSION 687

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

river, which are located as shown on plate 1. The gauges are numbered as
follows: Gauge No. 1, South Pier, Buffalo Harbor, Buffalo, N.Y.; gauge No. 2,
foot of Austin street, Buffalo, N.Y. ; gauge No. 3, Chippewa Creek, Chippewa,
Ontario; gauge No. 4, Grass Island, Niagara Falls, N.Y.; gauge No. 5, about
200 feet east of the intake of the Ontario Power Company's plant, Niagara
Falls, Ontario; gauge No. 6, Willow Island, Niagara Falls, N.Y.; gauge No. 7,
Prospect Point, crest of American falls, Niagara Falls, N.Y. These gauges
were read at ten-minute intervals for the following periods:

June 13, 7 A.M., to June 16, 7 A.M.

July 18, 8 A.M., to July 20, 12 midnight.

June 27, 8 A.M., to July 29, 12 midnight.

August 1, 8 A.M., to August 3, 4 P.M.

The following is a record of the operations of the Niagara Falls Power
Company's power plant and the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufac-
turing Company's power plant during the period from June 13 to August 6,
1908, inclusive.

RECORD OF THE NIAGARA FALLS POWER COMPAKy's PLANT.

June 13, power-houses 1 and 2 in operation.

June 14, 1.30 A.M., power-houses 1 and 2 shut down.

June 14, 9 A.M., power-houses 1 and 2 in operation.

July 19, 1.30 A.M., power-houses 1 and 2 shut down.

July 19, 1.30 A.M., to July 28, 12.30 A.M., company constructed bulkhead
in tunnel No. 2, at intersection of tunnels 1 and 2 with main tunnel.

July 28, 12.30 A.M., power-house No. 1 in operation.

July 28, 12.30 A.M., to August 1, 11.30 P.M., power-house No. 1 in oper-
ation, power-house No. 2 shut down. Company repairing tunnel leading to
wheelpit No. 2.

August 1, 11.30 P.M., power-houses 1 and 2 shut dowTi and company started
to remove bulkhead.

August 2, 7.30 P.M., power-houses 1 and 2 in operation.

RECORD OF NIAGARA FALLS HYDRAULIC POWER AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S

POWER PLANT.

June 13, plant in operation.

June 14, 6.30 A.M., entire plant closed, with exception of about 280 cubic
feet per second in canal.

June 14, 9.30 A.M., power plant in operation.

July 19, 1 A.M., plant closed down to about 500 cubic feet per second.

July 19, 5 A.M., plant closed down to about 300 cubic feet per second.

July 19, 8 A.M., plant in operation.

The gauge readings show the stage of water at the several gauges and also
the quantity of water diverted from the pool above the rapids approaching the
falls, are shown on plates 2, 3, and 4. The gauge readings of June 13, 7 A.M.,
to June 16, 7 A.M., have not been plotted, owing to the fact that at the time of
the shut down a severe storm occurred on Lake Erie, which raised its level about
2 feet and masked the effects of the divessiou of water by the power companies
on the pool above the falls and on the American falls. The amount of water
diverted by the Niagara Falls Power Company was determined by current
meter measurement, and that by the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and
Manufacturing Company from results deduced by the company.

'^ In determining the effect of this diversion of water, a comparison was made
of the slope in the Niagara River from Buffalo, N.Y., to the several gauges at
19a— 44 J

688

DEPARTMEXT OF PVnLlC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Niagara Falls; first, under the condition when the plants were shut down;
secondlj', when they were in operation. The results of these changes are shown
on Plate 5. In all cases the fall of the river from Buffalo to these gauges in-
creased during the period that the power plants were in operation, which varied
with the quantity of water being diverted from the pool.

Table No. 2 gives the absolute change in the fall from Buffalo to the several
gauges, with the corresponding change in the amount of water diverted through
these power plants:

Table No. 2.

Date.

Gauge.

Change in

quantity of

water diverted

from river by

American
power plants.

Corresponding
change in fall
from Buffalo
to the several

gauges in
Niagara River.

1908.

July 18-19.
July 18-19.
Julv 18-19.
July 18-19.
July lS-19.
July 27-28.
July 27-28.
July 27-28.
July 27-28.
July 27-28.
August 1-2
August 1-2
August 1-2
August 1-2
August 1-2
August 2 , . .
August 2. .
August 2...
August 2...
August 2...

Cubic feet per
second.

No. 3, Chippewa

Xo. 4, Grass Island..
No. 5, Ontario Intake
No. 6, Willow Island..
No. 7, Prospect Point.

No. 3, Chippewa

No. 4, Grass Island. . .
No. 5, Ontario Intake.
No. 6, Willow Island..
No. 7, Prospect Point.

No. 3, Chippewa

No. 4, Grass Island . . .
No. 5, Ontario Intake
No. 6, Willow Island..
No. 7, Prospect Point

No. 3, Chippewa

No. 4, Grass Island. .
No. 5, Ontario Intake
No. 6, Willow Island. .
No. 7, Prospect Point

The above results are represented graphically on Plate VI, which show the
amounts that the water surface is lowered at the several gauges by the diversion
of water through the American power plants from the pool above the rapids
approaching the falls.

The maximum effect of the diversion occurred at gauge No. 4, Grass Island,
located near the intake of the Niagara Falls Power Company. The fluctua-
tions in gauge No. 3, located at Chippewa, Ontario, were, apparently, not con-
sistent. The effects on the other gauges decreased in the following order: Gauge
No. 5, Ontario intake; gauge No. 6, Willow Island; and gauge No. 7, Prospect
Point, crest of American falls.

CONCLUSIONS.

The conclusions reached in the above report may be summarized as follows:

1. The tunnel of the Niagara Falls Power Company showed no apparent
erosion from the friction of the water with the lining.

The breaks in the tunnel from M'heel pit No. 2 to the intersection of tunnels
Nos. 1 and 2 with main tunnel, were probably caused by ice with entrailed air,
which was carried into the tunnel during the period of ice sluicing the first
winter that power-house No. 2 was in operation.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 689

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

An additional retaining wall, or buffer, was constructed to prevent further
erosion of the original retaining wall which had been built for the protection
of the American abutment of the steel arch bridge at Niagara Falls.

2. The maximum quantity of water required for a maximum load, in power-
houses Nos. 1 and 2 of the Niagara Falls Power Company, to generate 1 elec-
trical horse-power measured at the switchboard, is unknown until a complete
investigation of the subject has been made, which is not within the scope of
this report.

One hundred and twenty-five thousandths of a cubic foot of water per second
per electrical horse-power, measured at the switchboard, was required on June
13, 1908, to develop an average load of 4,000 electrical horse-power on 8 gene-
rators in power-house No. 1 of the Niagara Falls Power Company.

Ninety-five thousandths of a cubic foot of water per second per electrical
horse-power, measured at the switchboard, was required on June 13, 1908, to
develop an average load of 4,600 electrical horse-power on 10 generators in power-
house No. 2 of the Niagara Falls Power Company.

3. The surface of the Niagara River is lowered by the diversion of 8,000 cubic
feet of water per second through the plant of the Niagara Falls Power Company
and that of the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company
by the following amounts:

Foot.

Gauge No. 4, Grass Island, near intake of the Niagara Falls Power Co.. . 0-271

Gauge No. 5, near Ontario intake • 104

Gauge No. 6, Willow Island -078

Gauge No. 7, Prospect Point, crest of American ialls -031

4. In 1907 the United States Lake Survey determined that the relative amount
of water flowing over the American falls was about 4-85 per cent of the total
volume of the discharge of the river, the remainder going over the Horseshoe
Falls.

The amount the water is lowered on the crest of the American falls when
8,000 cubic feet per second is being taken by the American power plants is,
therefore , small. When these plants are closed down, only approximately 5
per cent of this 8,000 passes over the American falls. This fact is substantiated
by the nearly equal rise of 0-10 of a foot in the water surface at gauge No. 5,
located near the Ontario intake on the Canadian side of the river, and that of
0-08 of a foot rise at gauge No. 6, located at Willow Island on the American side.
These gauges are situated about equal distances from the crest of the rapids
approaching the falls.

Very respectfully,

W. EDWARD WILSON,

Secretary American Section.

690 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

FIFTH PROGRESS REPORT OF THE AMERICAN

SECTION.

DECEMBER 7, 1909.

Being reports to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of War.

REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE.

International Waterways Commission,
Office of Chairman, American Section,

Washington, D.C, December 7, 1909.

The Honourable Secretary of State,
Washington, D.C.

Sir, — The American members of the International Waterways Commission
have the honour to submit the following report covering their work imder the
Department of State during the year ending December 1, 1909.

2. By Article IV of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain,
signed April 11, 1908, the commission is authorized to ascertain and re-establish
the location of that portion of the international boundary between the United
States and the Dominion of Canada which passes through the Great Lakes
system, beginning at its point of intersection with the St. Lawrence River
near the forty-fifth parallel of latitude and extending through the St. Lawrence
River and the Great Lakes and communicating waterways to the mouth of
Pigeon River at the western shore of Lake Superior. To properly do this it
was found necessary, for reasons given in our last progress report, to construct
a series of new charts especially prepared for the purpose.

3. The construction of the new charts made good progress during the
year. This work is being done in the Buffalo office of the commission by experts
from Canada and the United States. There are to be constructed in all 30
charts, including an index chart, as follows, viz: Eighteen charts on a scale
o^Juo, to include 7 for the St. Lawrence River, 2 for the Niagara River, 2 for
the Detroit River, 2 for the St. Clair River, 4 for the St. Marys River, and 1
for Pigeon Bay; 5 charts on a scale of ootosj to include 1 each for the eastern
end of Lake Ontario, the western end of Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, northern
end of Lake Huron, and eastern end of Lake Superior; 4 charts on a scale of
HTTSTTo, to include 1 each for Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and Lake
Superior; 2 charts on a scale of roJoTri to include 1 each for Niagara Falls,
and the Sault Ste. Marie; and 1 index chart on a scale of i-jolxfuij- During
the year 11 of the sheets mentioned above were reduced from the originals and
turned over to the copper-plate engravers. Of this number 6 are river charts,
scale 7X)(rV^ff ; 2 are lake charts, scale ^t^^xto ; and 1 is a lake cliart, scale ^o,)'o'<f*
At the present time, 5 additional river charts are mider construction by the

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 691

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

draughtsmen, upon 2 of which about 50 per cent of the work has been com-
pleted, the others being only fairly begun. The engraving upon the copperplates
has been completed to the extent of 95 per cent for 2 charts, 80 per cent for 5
charts, 20 per cent for 2 charts, and 10 per cent for 1 chart.

4. It was found necessary to send parties into the field to secure additional
data pertaining to several localities. A topographical survey was made on the
west shore of the Detroit River between Trenton, Mich., and Pointe Mouillee,
Mich. Positions of the permanent lights on the St. Clair River, not previously
determined, were observed. A triangulation and topographic survey of Niagara
River from Buffalo to Niagara Falls was begun in July and is now nearing
completion. An American and a Canadian surveying party have been engaged
upon this work. A Canadian party is also in the field taking topography from
Sarnia, Ontario, near the head of the St. Clair River, to Cape Ipperwash, on
Lake Huron.

5. As the greater part of the data upon which these charts are based is
found in the records of the Engineer Bureau of the War Department, the com-
mission has been constantly in correspondence with that bureau, and we desire
to acknowledge the promptness and courtesy of the Chief of Engineers, Gen.
W. L. Marshall, in answering all of its calls for information.

At a meeting of the commission held in Toronto on September 3, 1909,
the question was considered of what amount of money it would recommend
for appropriation to continue its work during the year ending June 30, 1911,
and after discussion the following resolution was adopted, viz:

'Resolved, That the appropriation to be asked for by each section for the
coming fiscal year for continuing the work required to ascertain, re-establish
and mark the course on the groimd of the international boundary line, be
$30,000.'

A copy of this resolution was forwarded to you under date of October 9,
1909, with the recommendation that the sum of $30,000 for continuing the
work referred to be included in the estimates of the department for the coming
year.

Yours very respectfully,

0. H. ERNST,

Brig. Gen., U.S. Army, Retired,
Chairman of American Section.

GEORGE CLINTON,

Member of American Section.

E. E. HASKELL,

Member of American Section.

Attest :

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary of American Section.

692 DEPARTMEXI OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR.

International Waterways Commission,

Office of Chairman, American Section.

Washington, D. C, December 7, 1909.

The Honourable Secretary of War,

Washington, D. C.

Sir: 1. The American members of the International Waterways Com-
mission have the honour to submit the following progress report covering their
work under the War Department for the year ending December 1, 1909:

regulation of lake ERIE.

2. The study of this subject was continued during the j-ear. The mutual
interdependence of the Great Lakes and their connecting chamiels is so close
that a study of one is not complete without a study of all. The effect of an
attempt to regulate Lake Erie cannot be fully ascertained without an hydraulic
analysis of the general regulation of all the lakes. This analysis was a long
and laborious undertaking, but it was practically completed early in 1909. It
includes a large number of tables and plates, many of them of an elaborate
character. A study of these documents led to the conclusion that it was not
practicable to regulate the monthly mean level of Lake Erie ■nnthin a range of
1 foot, as proposed by one of the boards of engineers which preceded this com-
mission, but that it would be practicable to regulate it within a range of about
20 inches. A further study of the effect of such regulatioii led to the conclusion
that while it would benefit the navigation of Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, and
Lakes Michigan-Huron, it would injure Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence
River, and the low-lj-ing shores of Lake Erie, especially at Buffalo. If the
advantages and disadvantages could be equally distributed among all the
persons affected the former might outweigh the latter, but as a matter of fact
those who navigate the St. Lawrence canals are not specially concerned with
deepening the harbours of Lake Erie, nor are those who occupy the low-lying
portions of Buffalo and other places sufficiently compensated for the injury
to their property by the beneficial effects upon navigation. Questions of a
peculiarly intricate character would arise of damages to vested rights. It
seemed to the commission that the advantages to be derived from this regu-
lation were not of such overwhelming character as to justify tlie two govern-
ments in raising these vexatious questions.

3. By the term 'regulation' as here employed is meant the most complete
practicable regulation, such as can be secured bj^ a dam and sluice gates located
at or near Buffalo. While it may be inexpedient to construct such works, it
does not follow that nothing can be done to improve or maintain the level of
the lakes. It is possible to raise the level of any lake by simplj- reducing the
size of its outlet. With a reduced cross section the outlet requires a steeper
slope, and the average level of the lake is raised, but the oscillations will go on
as before, and the discharge will remain the same. To raise the level of Lake
Erie will raise also, but to a less degree, the levels of Lake St. Clair and of
Michigan-Huron, and will thu.s benefit those waters, while it will have no effect
on Lake Ontario or the St. Lawrence River. It is believed that somewhere
in the Niagara River between Lake Erie and the Falls, a submerged dam may
be placed which will greatly benefit tlie na\dgation of the waters above, without
injury to those below, and with only minor damages, if any, to the adjoining
land. The upper river is a valuable safety valve for the protection of Buffalo

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 693

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

in time of storms upon Lake Erie and should not be obstructed by a dam. It
is possible that the extreme lower end of the reach, that is, the section just
above the falls, may not be available, because of excessive overflow to be caused
in the valley of the Welland River. To determine the best site it has been
necessary to make additional surveys. These were begun in Julj', 1909, and
are still in progress.

DETROIT RIVER IMPROVEMENT.

4. On the 2nd of June, 1909, a letter was addressed to Lieut. Col. C. McD.
Townsend, Corps of Engineers, V. S. Army, the officer in charge of the channel
improvements in the Detroit Eiver, by Mr. H. J. Lamb, Engineer in Charge,
Department of Public Works, Canada, inquiring by what authority the LTnited
States was depositing material in Canadian waters in the construction of the
Livingstone Channel, Detroit River. This letter was forwarded by Lieutenant-
Colonel Townsend, with his letter of June 3, to the Chief of Engineers, and
by request of the latter was referred to the International Waterways Com-
mission by the Acting Secretary of War, by indorsement dated June 16, 1909.
At its meeting in Buffalo, July 14, 1909, the commission adopted the following
resolution, viz:

'Whereas the enlargement of the navigable channel in the Detroit River,
now being made by the United States Government, west of Bois Blanc Island,
is of great benefit to the navigation interests of Canada, as well as of the United
States; and

'Whereas the excavations for said channel and the dumping grounds are
partly in Canadian waters; and

'Whereas the consent of the Canadian Government to such use of its waters
has not been given;

'Resolved, That in the opinion of the commission application should be
made without delaj- to the Canadian Government bj' the United States Govern-
ment for formal permission to excavate the channel where that work is now
progressing, and that such application, when received by the Canadian Govern-
ment, should be granted, pro\'ision being made that the dumping grounds in
Canadian waters should be located under the direction of the Minister of Public
Works of Canada.'

The matter was then brought to the attention of the Department of State,
and by that department to the attention of His Excellency the British Ambassa-
dor at Washington. The desired permission was granted by the Canadian
Government upon the condition named in the resolution that 'the dumping
grounds in Canadian waters be located under the direction of the Minister of
Public Works of Canada', and with the proviso 'that such permission is given
without prejudice to the possessory rights of Canada as defined by the maps
and declarations of the commissioners under the treaty of Ghent, made at
Utica on the 19th of June 1822, and provided also that the dumping of material
should not prove in any way a detriment to the safe navigation of the Detroit
River.' Notice of this action was sent to the Department of State by the
British Ambassador in his letter of September 17, 1909. The correspondence
in this case will be found in Appendix 'A.'

CEDARS RAPIDS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

5. On the 18th of December, 1908, the secretary of the Department of Public
Works of Canada referred to the commission an application of the Cedars
Rapids Manufacturing and Power Company to the Canadian government for
permission to build works in the St. Lawrence River at Cedars, in the county
of Soulanges, for the purpose of developing electric power. At this place both

69^, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

banks of the St. Lawrence River are Canadian territory, but power works in the
bed of the stream affect the navigation interests of the entire river. On the
13th of April, 1909, the commission submitted a report upon the subject to the
Minister of Public Works of Canada, of which copies were furnished to the
Secretary of State, and the Secretary of War, of the United States. A copy o£
this report is hereto appended, marked 'B.'

LONG SAULT RAPIDS ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

6. The legislation proposed in the Congress of the United States in 1907,.
relating to the development of power in the St. LawTence River, near Long
Sault Island, was considered by the commission in 1907, but action was deferred
at the request of the Prime Minister of Canada, as stated in former reports.
It was again considered in 1908, but it was fomid that the plans of the projecting
company were undergoing modification, and that the investigation of the
subject undertaken by the Canadian government had not been completed.
The situation remains unaltered. The perfected plans have not been presented
to the commission, and the Canadian Government has not signified its wish to.
have the commission consider the matter.

Very respectfully,

O. H.ERNST,

Brig. Gen., U.S. Army, Retired,
Chairman of American Section.

GEORGE CLINTON,
Member of Americari Section.

E. E. HASKELL,

Attest: Member of American Section.

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary of American Section.

APPENDIX A.

War Department,

United States Engineer office,

Detroit, Mich., Jones Building, June 3, 1909.
Mr. H. J. Lamb,

Engineer in charge,

Department of Public Works, Canada, London Ontario.

Dear Sir, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of j^our letter of the-
2nd instant, in reference to the work now in progress on the Livingstone Channel.
When you called my attention to the matter I was surprised to find no record
in this office that the Canadian Government had been consulted before work of
such magnitude had been commenced by the United States Government in
waters which are a subject of dispute between the two countries.

While a report of the Committee of the Honorable the Privy Comicil approved
by the Administrator on the 8th August, 1893, would appear to permit excava-
tion by the United States at the Lime Kiln Crossing, this office by no means con-
strues this authority as permitting it to deposit material in Canadian waters.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 69!>

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

and I shall recommend the removal of any material by the United States that
has been or may hereafter be deposited in any waters claimed by the Canadian
government, upon its presenting any objection.

As I informed you in our interview, there are, however, involved in the con-
struction of this channel questions of vital importance to the navigation of the
Great Lakes which are being considered by a board of engineers recently con-
vened. This board will submit a report at an early date, which may contain
recommendations which will materially affect the entire question at issue, and
I have therefore to suggest that action in the matter be deferred until this
board can submit its report to the authorities at Washington.

The attention of the Chief of Engineers has been invited to the questions pro-
pounded by you, and the suggestion submitted that the joint approval of both
governments should be secured before final action is taken.

Very respectfully,

C. McD. TOWNSEND,
Lieut. Colonel, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army.

War Department, United States Engineer Office,

Detroit, Mich., Jones Building, June 3, 1909.

The Chief of Engineers, U.S. Arm>,
Washington, D.C.

Sir, — ^The Canadian Government, through its engineers, has made inquiry by
what authority the United States is depositing material in Canadian waters in
the construction of the Livingstone Channel, Detroit River. The boundary
line between the United States and Canada is not clearly defined, and the Liv-
ingstone Channel occupies a location where it is difficult to state what portion
is in American and what in Canadian waters.

The definite determination of the boundary line it is believed is at present
being determined by an international commission, and while there is some
question as to whether the rock now being excavated is not in American
waters, I consider it probable that some portions of the cofferdam are on the
Canadian side of the boundary, and therefore believe it impolitic for this office to
attempt to determine the line. I have therefore addressed to the engineer in
charge of the Canadian works in Ontario a letter, a copy of which is inclosed,
and have to recommend before final action on the Livingstone Channel is
taken, the Canadian Government be consulted.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

C. McD. TOWNSEND,

Lieut. Colonel, Corps of Engineers.

[First indorsement.]

War Department, Office of the Chief of Engineers,

Washington, June 16, 1909.

Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War with recommendation
that these papers be transmitted to the International Waterways Commission
for consideration and remark.

W. L. MARSHALL,

Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army.

696 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
[Second indorsement.]

War Department, June 16, 1909.

Respectfully referred to the International Waterwaj's Commission, Room
606, Westory Building, Washington, D.C., requesting action in accordance
•with the recommendation of the Chief of Engineers in preceding indorsement.

ROBERT SHAW OLIVER,

Assistant Secretary of War.

[Third indorsement.]

International Waterways Commission,

Office of Chairman, American Section.
Washington, D. C, July 15, 1909.

Respectfully returned to the Honourable Secretarj^ of War.

This paper was laid before the International Waterways Commission at
its meeting in Buffalo yesterday, whereupon the commission passed the follow-
ing resolution:

'Whereas the enlargement of the navigable channel in the Detroit River,
now being made by the United States Government, west of Bois Blanc Island,
is of great benefit to the navigation interests of Canada, as well as of the United
States; and

'Whereas the excavations for said chamiel and the dumping grounds are
partly in Canadian waters; and

'Whereas the consent of the Canadian Government to such use of its
waters has not been given:

'Resolved, That in the opinion of this commission application should be
made without delay to the Canadian Government bj' the United States Goveni-
ment for formal permission to excavate the channel where that work is now
progressing, and that such application when received by the Canadian Govern-
ment should be granted, provision being made that the dumping grounds in
Canadian waters should be located under the direction of the Minister of Public
Works of Canada.'

0. H. ERNST,

Brig.-Gen., U. S. A„ Retired,
Chairman of American Section, International Waterways Commission.

War Department, Washington, August 9, 1909.

Sir, — This department is in receipt of a report from the local United State
engineer officer at Detroit, Mich., in which he states that the Canadian govern-
ment, through its engineers, has made inquiry by what authority the United
States is depositing material in Canadian waters in the construction of the
Livingstone Channel, Detroit River. He also states that the boundarj- line
between the United States and Canada is not clearly defined, and that the
Livingstone Channel occupies a location where it is difficult to state what
portion is in American and what in Canadian waters. The matter was referred
to the International Waterways Commission for report, and under date of
14th ultimo the commission passed the following resolution:

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 697

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

'Whereas the enlargement of the navigable channel in the Detroit River,
now being made by the United States Government, west of Bois Blanc Island,
is of great benefit to the navigation interests of Canada, as well as of the United
States; and

'Whereas the excavations for said channel and the dumping grounds are
partly in Canadian waters; and

'Whereas the consent of the Canadian Government to such use of its waters
has not been given:

'Resolved, That in the opinion of this commission application should be
made without delay to the Canadian Government by the United States Govern-
ment for formal permission to excavate the channel where that work is now
progressing, and that such application when received by the Canadian Govern-
ment should be granted, provision being made that the dumping grounds in
Canadian waters should be located under the direction of the Minister of Public
Works of Canada.'

In view of the foregoing, and in accordance with the recommendation of
the Acting Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, it is requested that the matter be
brought to the attention of the proper authorities of the Dominion Government
with a view to securing the consent of that government to the use of its waters
in connection with the operations now being conducted by the United States
for the enlargement and improvement of the Livingstone Channel in the Detroit
River.

Very respectfully,

JOHN C. SCOFIELD,

Assistant and Chief Clerk.
For the Secretary of War, in his absence.

The Honourable the Secretary of State.

Department of State,

Washington, September 24, 1909.
The Honourable the Secretary of War.

Sir: Referring to your department's letter of the 9th ultimo, embodying
resolutions adopted by the International Waterways Commission recommend-
ing that formal permission be obtained from the Canadian Government to
continue the excavations now being made by the United States Government
in the Livingstone Channel, Detroit River, on the condition that the dumping
grounds in Canadian waters shall be located under the direction of the Canadian
Minister of Public Works, I have now the honour to inclose a copy of a note
from the British Ambassador at this capital, stating that he is advised by the
Deputy Governor-General of Canada that such permission is granted upon
the condition named, provided that such permission is considered to be given
without prejudice to the possessory rights of Canada as defined by the maps
and declarations of the commissioners under the Treaty of Ghent, made at
Utica, on June 19, 1822, and provided also that the dumping of material should
not prove in any way a detriment to the safe navigation of the Detroit river.

I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant,

ALVA A. ADEE,

Acting Secretary of State.

698 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
(Inclosure: From British Ambassador, No. 249, September 17, 1909.)

[No. 249.] British Embassy,

Northeast Harbor, Me., September 17, 1909.

Sir, — ^On the receipt of your note No. 691 of the 14th ultimo I referred to
the Dominion Government your request that formal permission might be
obtained to continue the excavations now being made by the United States
Government in the Livingstone Channel, Detroit River, on the condition that
the dumping grounds in Canadian waters should be located under the direction
of a Canadian Minister of Public Works.

I have now received a dispatch from the Deputy Governor-General of
Canada stating that such permission is granted upon the condition named,
provided that such permission is considered to be given without prejudice to
the possessory rights of Canada as defined by the maps and declarations of the
commissioners under the Treaty of Ghent, made at Utica on the 19th of June,
1822, and provided also that the dumping of material should not prove in any
way a detriment to the safe navigation of the Detroit River.

I have the honour to be, with the highest consideration, sir,

Your most obedient, humble servant,

JAMES BRYCE
The Honourable Philander C. Knox,

Secretary of State, etc.

APPENDIX B,

REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION
UPON THE APPLICATION OF THE CEDARS RAPIDS MANU-
FACTURING AND POWER COMPANY.

The Honourable the Minister of Public Works,
Ottawa, Ontario.

Sir, — The application of the Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power
Company for permission to build works in the St. Lawrence River at Cedars,
in the county of Soulanges, for the purpose of developing electric power, was
referred to the International Waterways Commission by the Secretary of the
Department of Public Works on the 18th of December last, with all papers
relating to it.

An examination of the papers in question shows that on January 6, 1906,
the Governor General in Council approved the project of the company, subject
tojthe passing of an agreement between the company and the Department of
Public Works, so as not to impede or interfere with the navigation of the St.
Lawrence River, and in which the company will bind itself to construct and
maintain all other works, which in the opinion of the Minister of Public Works,
or of any engineer appointed by the Minister, may be deemed necessary to
restore navigation on the St. Lawrence River in the Cedars Rapids, should
navigation be injuriously aiTected by the works of the company.

I

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 699

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

The agreement in question was prepared by the law clerk of the Depart-
ment of Public Works in 1906, pursuant to the order in council of the 6th of
January, and was sent to the company during that year, but it was not executed
by the company, presumably because the company was not ready to undertake
the works at that time.

Nothing further was done in connection with this matter until October,
1908, when the solicitors of the company forwarded the draft of the agreement
to the Department of Public Works, stating that, with a few minor changes
therein, the company was prepared to execute this contract.

Shortly afterwards, in December, the departmental file was referred to
the International Waterways Commission for its attention.

The commission, as a whole, understands that the reference was made
with a view of obtaining its opinion as to whether or not the project outlined
by the company in the plan submitted to the Department of Public Works
would interfere with navigation, and in the event of interference, whether or
not the agreement proposed to be executed between the company and the
department is such as to safeguard the interests of navigation.

No detailed plans of the works have been submitted, and only the most
general information concerning the topography and hydrography of the locality
is at hand. The commission is unable to form opinions in detail as to the effect
of the works, but it does not consider that fact a valid reason for reporting
adversely to the scheme as outlined. It assumes that detailed plans will be
submitted in due season to the Minister of Public Works. It is of the opinion
that with such plans the scheme can be carried out under the agreement between
the company and the government, a copy of which was laid before the com-
mission, without detriment to navigation, except possibly raft navigation.
To safeguard the latter, it would suggest that a clause be added to the agree-
ment, providing that if it be found necessary, in the opinion of the Minister of
PubUc Works, to pass the rafts through the power canal, the rafts shall have
that right, and a proper slide shall be provided at the lower end of the canal.

The commission also suggests that the agreement be not executed until
the company shall give proper assurance of its ability, financially and otherwise,
to commence and complete their works within a specified time, and comply
with all the terms of the agreement in every respect.

RespecfuUy submitted,

GEO. C. GIBBONS,

Chairman: Canadian Section.

O. H. ERNST,

Chairman, American Section.

GEORGE CLINTON,
E. E. HASKELL,

Members, American Section.

LOUIS COSTE,
Wm. J. STEWART,

Members, Canadian Section.

Toronto, Ontario, 13th April, 1909.

700 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

MEMORANDUM

FOR THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS

CONCERNING THE WORK OF

THE INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

Since March 1, 1908, to October 15, 1909.

Meetings of the full commission have been held at regular intervals, averag-
ing about once a month, alternately in Toronto and Buffalo.
The subjects dealt with have been: —

I. Diversion of 40,000 cubic feet of water per second from the lower Niagara
river in the vicinity of the Whirlpool rapids.

II. Article IV. of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain
signed on the 11th of April, 1908, concerning the boundary line between the
United States and Canada from St. Regis, Ontario, and to the mouth of Pigeon
river, Ontario, commonly called ' Delimitation of Boundaries Treaty. '

III. Application of the Long Sault Development and the St. Lawrence
Power companies for permission to dam the St. LaM'rence river at the foot of
Long Sault rapids.

IV. Application of the Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power Company.

V. Regulation of Lake Erie.

VI. Improvement in Detroit river.

VII. Effect of diversion of water through Niagara Falls Power Company's,
canal.

I. On the 24th of May, 1907, a Bill, No. 25546, relating to the diversion
of 40,000 cubic feet of water per second from the rapids in the lower Niagara river,
near the Whirpool, was referred to the American section by Mr. T. E. Burton,
chairman of the Committee on Rivers and Harbours, House of Representatives
U.S.A. This Bill, which was really an amendment to 'An Act for the control
and regulation of the waters of Niagara river, for the preservation of Niagara
falls and for other purposes,' received the careful consideration of a committee
and afterwards of the full commission, and on the 3rd of March, 1908, a report
was drawn up and signed by the full commission to the effect that 40,000 cubic
feet per second could be diverted without seriously affecting the scenic beauty of
the rapids, but that this amount should be equally divided between the two coun-
tries, and that, therefore, the Bill should be amended so as to grant only 20,000
cubic feet per second. This report of the full commission with the report of
engineer W. Edward Wilson upon the effect on the river and falls of the diver-
sion of water by the American power plants at Niagara Falls, is printed as
appendices A and B annexed to the Fourth Progress Report of the American
Section. See pages 682 and 683.

II. On the 11th of April, 1908, a treaty, entitled ' Delimitation of Boundaries
Treaty,' was signed by representatives of the governments of Great Britain and
the United States, and by Article IV., the International Waterways Commission
was charged with the responsibility of carrying out the terms of this treaty as
regards' the boundary between St. Regis on the St. Lawrence river and the
mouth of Pigeon river. Lake Superior.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 701

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

This Article IV in full, reads as follows:

'The high contracting parties agree that^the existing International Water-
fways Commission, constituted by concurrent action of the United States and
the Dominion of Canada and composed of three commissioners on the part of
the United States and three commissioners on the part of the Dominion of
Canada, is hereby authorized and empowered to ascertain and re-estaVjlish ac-
curately the location of the international boundary line beginning at the point
of its intersection with the St. La-nTence River near the forty-fifth parallel of
north latitude, as determined under Articles I and \T of the treaty of August 9,
1842, between the United States and Great Britain, and thence through the
Great Lakes and communicating waterways to the mouth of Pigeon River, at
the western shore of Lake Superior, in accordance with the description of such
line in Article II of the treat}- of peace between the LTnited States and Great
Britain, dated September 3, 1783, and of a portion of such line in' Article II of
the treaty of August 9, 1842, aforesaid, and as described in the joint report
dated June 18, 1822, of the commissioners appointed under Article VI of the
treaty of December 24, 1814, l)etween the United States and Great Britain,
vrith respect to a portion of the said line and as marked on charts prepared by
them and filed with said report, and wath respect to the remaining portion of
said line as marked on the charts adopted as treaty charts of the boundary
under the provisions of Article II of the treaty of 1842, above mentioned, with
such deviation from said line, however, as may be required on account of the
cession by Great Britain to the United States of the portion of Horse Shoe Reef
in the Niagara River necessary for the lighthouse erected there by the United
States in accordance with the terms of the protocol of a conference held at
the British Foreign Office, December 9, 1850, between the representatives of the
two governments and signed by them agreeing upon such cession; and it is
agreed that wherever the boundary is sho'wn on said charts by a curved line
along the water the commissioners are authorized in their discretion to adopt
in place of such curved line, a series of connecting straight lines defined by
distances and courses and following generally the course of such curved line,
but conforming strictly to the description of the boundarj' in the existing treaty
pro^^sions, and the geographical coordinates of the turning points of such line
shall be stated by said commissioners so as to conform to the system of lati-
tudes and longitudes of the charts mentioned below, and the said commissioners
shall, so far as practicable, mark the course of the entire boundary line located
and defined as aforesaid, by buoys and monuments in the waterways and by
permanent range marks established on the adjacent shores or islands, and by such
other boundary marks and at such points as in the judgment of the commis-
sioners it is desirable that the boundary should be so marked; and the line of
the boundary defined and located as aforesaid shall be laid dovm by said com-
missioners on accurate modern charts prepared or adopted by them for that
purpose, in quadruplicate sets, certified and signed by the commissioners, two
duplicate originals of each shall be filed by them ■with each government ; and
the commissioners shall also prepare in duplicate and file with each govern-
ment a joint report or reports describing in detail the course of said line and
the range marks and buojs marking it, and the character and location of each
boundary mark. The majority of the commissioners shall have power to
render a decision.

'The line so defined and laid down shall be taken and deemed to be the in-
ternational boundary as defined and established by treaty provisions and the
proceeding thereunder as aforesaid from its intersection with the St. Lawrence
River to the mouth of Pigeon River.'

On the 2nd of June, 1908, the commission met to discuss the work, and a
committee was appointed to investigate and draw up a scheme.

19a— 45

702 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
This committee reported on the 23rd of June —

'That the existing charts were unsuitable for the importance of the work;

'That a uniform size of chart of 40 inches by 50 inches should be adopted,
and that 30 charts would be required;

'That four scales should be adopted; tttUv for Niagara Falls and St. Marys
Falls: TT^lxrs for rivers; ^has for the wide open bays at the ends of the lakes,
and sTTuWiT for the lakes themselves.

'That charts should be projected on the polyconic projection to the new
United States standard datum;

' That charts should be engraved upon copper and a duplicate set of copper
plates made, so that each government might have a set. '

It was estimated that the 'M'ork of preparing charts, placmg monuments,
surveying and co-ordinating their positions and preparing a description of the
bomidary line would cost at least S160,000, half to be borne by each country.

The work of preparing the charts was started inmiediately in the office of the
American section at Buffalo, where a staff of three draughtsmen and five engra-
vers, selected in equal numbers from each countrj-, is at work.

Charts of Detroit River, Lake St. Clair, St. Clair river, Lake Erie, west end
Lake Erie, and three of the St. Lawrence river, are nearly drafted and about half
engraved. Some necessarj'^ surveying work has started along the Niagara river,
to obtain a triangulation upon which to base the co-ordination of the monuments
and turning points.

Several interesting discussions over the boundary have been held, both in
committee and in full commission, but until the large scale charts are completed
no definite decision can be arrived at.

There is still a large amount of work to do, completing the charts, —
placing the monuments and tieing them to the triangulation; then the pre-
paration of the description in detail of the boimdarj^ as called by the treaty.
This work will probably occupy a further period of three years.

III. In our progress report covering our work for the calendar j'ear ending
December 31, 1907, reference is made to the proposed power works on the St.
Lawrence river, near Long Sault rapids. The question was agam considered by
the commission at its meeting of the 31st of October, 1908, when it was decided
to consider, and, if possible, dispose of the matter at a meeting to be held in
Toronto on the 20th of November; but before the latter date, a letter dated the
15th of November, 1908, was received from the Long Sault Development Com-
pany, which is the company interested in the development on the American side,
stating that the St. Lawrence Power Company, Limited, which is the allied
company interested in the proposed development on the Canadian side, was
engaged in further surveys and studies and in preparing new plans, and that it
was not the intention of the first-named company to introduce a Bill into the
United States Congress until the plans for the entire project were definite and
complete. However, at the meeting on the 20th of November, 1908, several depu-
tations representing the vessel and timber rafting interests were heard in oppos-
ition to the project and were answered by the engineer for the power companies.
See Appendix 'A.'

The Canadian section was not prepared, after that public hearing, to make
any recommendation and decided to submit the question to their government.
The matter was referred to a committee of engineers, composed of the chief
engineer of the three departments interested, viz., the Department of Public
Works, the Department of Railways and Canals, and the Department of Marine
and Fisheries. This committee made a report to the respective heads of the
three departments on Dec. 15, 1908, said report ha\nng been referred to the com-
mission is appended marked 'Al.' Nothing further has been heard of the project.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 703

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

IV. On the 23rd of December, a communication was received from the Secre-
tary of the Department of Pubhc Works referring to the International Water-
ways Commission, for consideration and report, an application from the Cedar
Rapids Manufacturing and Power Company for permission to construct certain
power works on the north side of Cedar Rapids, Que., and divert 56,000 cubic
feet per second from the river.

The company was duly incorporated by an Act of Parliament of Canada,
passed in 1904, Chapter 65, and was given power, amongst other things, to
construct, develop, acquire, own, use and operate water-powers in or adjacent
to the River St. Lawrence in the county of Soulanges, in the province of Quebec,
and to construct, operate and maintain works, canals, race-ways, water courses,
dams, piers, booms, dikes, sluices, conduits and buildings in connection with
the said water-powers, provided that any work by the said Act authorized
should not be commenced until the plans thereof had first been submitted to
and approved by the Governor in Council.

On the 26th of January, 1909, deputations from the company were heard
at a pubHc meeting in Toronto, and on the 26th of February, at the office of
the American section, in Buffalo, N. Y., a further pubHc hearing was given to
deputations from both the companies, and the Canadian Marine Association.
For reports of these public hearings and for the documents submitted thereto,
see Appendices 'B' and 'C On the 13th of April a report was drafted and for-
warded to the Honourable the Minister of Public Works, recommending the
granting of the application under certain conditions. This report is printed as
Appendix marked 'B' to the fifth progress report of the American Section, dated
Dec. 9, 1909. See page 698.

V. The question of the regulation of Lake Erie was one that was submitted
for the consideration of the commission by an Act of Congress approved on
the 13th of July, 1902, and informally discussed by the commission at its first
meeting held in Washington, D.C., on the 25th of May, 1905. At that time
a committee was appointed with instructions to gather a large amount of data
bearing upon the hydraulics of the Great Lakes and connecting waters, and to
draw up a report on the subject. This committee has been steadily at work and
submitted on the 26th of February a very voluminous report bearing upon the
question.

This report which has received a great deal of study from the other members
of the commission, was brought up for discussion at a meeting held in Buffalo on
the 14th of July, and referred back for more data. This is being gathered and
a survey party is now in the field.

The scheme as proposed by Mr. Wisner of the Deep Waterways Com-
mission, was to construct at the outlet of Lake Erie, between Fort Erie and
Buffalo, submerged weirs from each shore connected by a series of sluices; the
weirs to be of such height and combined length that, with all the sluices open,
the overflow would be equal to the low water discharge, and, with the sluices
all open, the discharge would be such as to keep the lake at the regulated level.
In the spring and early summer, when naturally the surface rose, the gates
would be opened to the full to prevent a rise above the fi.xed level and later in
the season, when the surface was falling, the gates were to be so adjusted as
to lessen the outflow and maintain the level. This would be an ideal condition
for the navigation of Lake Erie if it could be arranged without entailing larger
disadvantages to other interests.

VI. On the 14th of July, the attention of the commission was drawn to
the fact that the United States government were making extensive improve-
ments in the Detroit River opposite Amherstburg, partly in Canadian waters,
and that the excavated material was being dumped in our waters, to the
inconvenience of many persons, without any reference to the Canadian
government.

19a— 45§

704 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

The commission inquired into the matter and reported that as those
improvements were for the general benefit of na\ngation of both countries and
that Canada was not being asked to contribute an\i:hing, the United States
government should be advised to ask the consent of Canada for formal permission
to excavate the channel where that work is now progressing and that such per-
mission should be granted, provision being made that the dumping ground in
Canadian waters should be located under the direction of the Minister of Public
Works of Canada.

VII. On the 14th of June, and again from the 19th to the 28th of Juty,
both power-houses of the Niagara Falls Power Companj''s plant were closed
do^ii for inspection and repairs. Between the 28th of Julj- and the 2nd of
August, No. 2 power-house alone was closed.

The secretary of the American section was instructed to install gauges in
the river at various points to obtain records of the effect upon the river and
falls by the diversion of the considerable body of water used by that company.
He was instructed to observe these gauges before, during and after they shut
do-mi.

By the diversion of 8,000 cubic feet of water per second, he concluded that
the surface of Niagara river was lowered: —

At Grass Island (near intake of Niagara Falls

Power Co.) by 3 J^ inches.

Near Ontario Power Company's intake " IJ^ "

At Willow Island " yV "

At Prospect Point, crest of American falls . . . . " -*^ "

These results show that the American power plants divert from the Horse-
shoe fall a larger amount than was supposed.

The United States Lake Survey in 1907 determined the flow over the Amer-
ican fall as about five per cent of the total discharge of the river, considerably
less than was supposed.

As the gauges, near the crest of the rapids, at Willow island and near the
Ontario PoM'er Companj-'s intake, record practically the same rises in the river,
viz., T^V of an inch and IJ^ inches, it would seem to show that the same pro-
portion holds, or that only five per cent of the 8,000 cubic feet passes over the
American fall.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

THOMAS COTE,
Office of the Can.4.dian Section, Secretary, Canadian Section.

Ottawa, Nov. 1, 1909.

APPENDIX 'A.'

Public Hearing held by the International Waterways Commission in
Toronto, November 20, 1908, on the project of the Long Sault Develop-
ment Company.

Toronto, Friday, Nov. 20, 1908.

The Commission met in the King Edward Hotel, at 2. p. m.

Present: — Canadian Section: George C. Gibbons, Esq., K.C., Chairman.
Louis Coste, Esq.,C.E.; W.J.Stewart, Esq.,C.E.; Thomas Cot6, Esq., Secretary.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 705

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

American Section: General Ernst, Chairman; George Clinton, Esq.; Prof.
E. E. Haskell, W. Edward Wilson, Esq., A.S.C.E., Secretary.

George C. Gibbons, Esq., K.C., Chairman, Canadian Section, presided.

LONG SAULT DEVELOPMENT COMPANY.

This company was represented by James W. Rickey, Mem.A.S.C.E.,
Chief Engineer of the Long Sault Development Company and the St. Lawrence
Power Company, Ltd., also Mr. Leighton McCarthy, counsel for these com-
panies.

The following gentlemen were also present: — Francis King, Secretary
Dominion Marine Association, Kingston, Ont.; H. A. Calvin, Esq., Kingston;
C. J. Smith, Esq., General Manager, Richelieu Navigation Company; Frank
Plummer, Canadian Lake and Ocean Navigation Company; C. H. F. Plummer,
Canadian Lake Transportation Company.

Chairman — I think we will not take up time now by reading the minutes
of the Commission, but will at once take up the matter of the Long Sault. I
would ask Mr. Cot6 to read the letter from General Ernst to myself, which will
show the present position.

Secretary Cote read the following correspondence: —

international waterways commission.

Office of Chairman American Section, Washington, D. C.

Room 606, Westory Bldg., No. 605 Fourteenth St., N.W.

November 17, 1908.
Geo. C. Gibbons, Esq.,

Chairman of Canadian Section, International Waterways Commission,
London, Ontario, Canada.

Dear Sir, — I have the honour to enclose herewith a copy of a letter dated
the 15th instant, which I have just received from Mr. Arthur E)avis, of the Long
Sault Development Company. It is possible that the fact stated therein may
change your arrangements for summoning witnesses to the meeting of the com-
mission to be. held at Toronto on the 20th instant.

Yours very respectfully,

(Sgd.) 0. A. Ernst,

Brig. Genl. U.S.A. Retired. Chairman of American Section,
International Waterways Commission.

1 enclosure.

706 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORE,^

Arthur V. Davis,

Pittsburg, Pa.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
November 15, 1908.

J

Brig. Gen. 0. H. Ernst,

Chairman, American Sec. International Waterways Com.,
606 Westory Bldg., F. & 14th St., Washington, D.C.

Dear Sir, — On the 4th instant, Mr. Wilson, secretary of your commission,
advised me that the commission will meet in Toronto, Nov. 20 and consider
the project of the Long Sault Development Company.

The Long Sault Development Company has practically completed its sur-
veys and studies with respect to its development on the American side, and
the location of the work in American waters will not be changed from the plan
already submitted to your commission.

The St. Lawrence Power Company, Ltd., the Canadian company jointly
interested in this proposed development, have however been making surveys
and studies with a view to determining the height and location of dam which
will result in the greatest improvement to navigation on the Canadian side.
These studies are not yet complete and it is the intention not to introduce a bill
into the United States Congress until the plans for the entire project are com-
plete.

Should your commission desire, therefore, to postpone consideration at the
Nov. 20 meeting, the completed plans for the development on both sides of
the river will be submitted to you in ample time for your commission to make a
report before any action on a Congressional Bill will be had. However, should
you desire to make a report upon the proposition so far as it affects American
territory, we believe you have sufficient data to enable you to do so.

Yours very truly,

(Sgd) ARTHUR V. DAVIS.

Chairman: — On receipt of this letter I wired Messrs. Butler and Anderson of
the Department of Railways and Canals and of Marine Department respectively,
to stop their coming here, but on arriving here I found certain gentlemen had
already come on the assumption that the matter would be taken up. I think
it is desirable that we should hear to-day what these gentlemen have to say. I
take it for granted that they all understand the object and purposes of the com-
panies, and the work that they undertake. If not, the engineer of the com-
panies is here and if desired might give a short statement to any who are here
before they address themselves to the commission. What is proposed by the
companies?

Mr. Rickey: You mean, Mr. Chairman, just a brief resume of what I
stated last year?

Chairman: Yes.

Mr. Rickey: The proposition, gentlemen, that we presented to the commis-
sion last year was a plan for damming the St. Lawrence river in both Canadian
and American waters. It called for the joint permission of both governments.
It involves the complete damming of the river. The petition which we submitted
to the commission in Toronto about a year ago was submitted to Parliament.
In that petition we set forth our plans quite in detail, that is the general descrip-
!>ion of them, stating just where the dams were to be located, and the effect on

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 707

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

navigation; where the proposed lock would be located, that we would build free
of cost to the Canadian Government; and briefly setting forth the advantages
to navigation. The petition closed with the request to construct these works so
far as they lay in Canadian territory. Since that time, considerable opposition
has been raised to our scheme; and with a view to a further improvement of
navigation I have made additional studies that are not yet well enough advanced
to call them plans or anything like that; they are merely studies to determine
what might be the best height of dam to give the greatest possible benefits to
navigation. We have always held that the paramount question here is the benefit
of navigation. Unless we improve navigation, in view of the existing Cornwall
canal, and under the plans we have proposed, there is no use for us to attempt
to get permission to construct these works. The studies I have been making
are not complete, and we would like to continue further and go into the question
in detail. Before the Long Sault Development Company submits a bill to
Congress, these plans will all be submitted to your commission, giving you much
fuller data than you have at present, and at such time that you will have oppor-
tunity to go thoroughly over the whole subject. I believe, in brief, that covers
the ground.

Chairman : I think it would be well now to hear from Mr. Calvin and others
who seem to think they have general objections to the scheme, which Mr. Rickey
may possibly be able to answer, at any rate, which the commsision ought to hear.
Mr. Calvin is interested in navigation at this particular point, in the way of
running his rafts, and perhaps he would say something to us.

General Ernst: I would suggest that the gentlemen be informed that this
all goes down on our written record, and we will have it at disposal in future,
just the same as it would be if delivered at some future time.

Chairman : Notes are taken of everything you say, and the commission
will consider them whenever the matter is taken up.

Mr. Calvin: Will we have an opportunity of being heard when the plans
are complete? Because of course we are in the dark to a certain extent now.

Chairman: You certainly will, but I had this letter read so that you might
understand the situation. We thought the plans were complete, and I did not
know until last night of this change; but I thought that while you were here
perhaps in a general way you would have something to say about it. You will
have later an opportunity if you desire it, certainly.

Mr. Calvin: Of course I am not an engineer, and I don't know whether
seeing the plans would make any difference; perhaps not. But on general prin-
ciples we are opposed to this, for this reason — that practically this is the only
route by which timber in the hewn log goes down the St. Lawrence river.^It
does not go down the canal; it goes down through the river. Boats carrying
large cargoes are compelled to take the canal at this point; but all the square
timber that goes down by water — and practically that is all that is exported
from the St. Lawrence — goes down by the river at this point.

Mr. CosTE : What is the size of your raft?

Mr. Calvin: About 60 feet in width, and running from 220 or 240 up to
300 and 320 feet in length.

Mr. King: You are giving the height of one dram?

Mr. Calvin : That is the piece that goes down through the Long Rapid.

Mr. CosTE : It is immaterial to you whether it goes through the raoids or
the lock?

708 DEPARTilENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Calvin: It would, because the lock is a slow affair, and we are liable
to disturb the navigation of vessels. They might object to a block like that in
the canal.

Mr. Coste: Is not that provided for in the regulations of the government
locks? The moment you get your logs, that is all you want.

Mr. Calvin: I don't see how you would make it other than an obstruction.
Even in the time of building, it would be an obstruction.

Chairman : It is said there are only very few rafts now that take that course
— your own being the main ones.

Mr. Calvin: Ours is the main. Last year, 1907, we ran through there
between 90 and 100 rafts of that sort. This year, on account of the dulness and
general slump in affairs, the quantity of wood held back is rather more than
usual; we are wintering larger quantities westward. I am not prepared to say
exactly, but I think about 70 this year, perhaps not more than 67 or 68.

Chairman : About how many million cubic feet?

Mr. Calvin: In last year's there would be probably 2}^ millions cubic
feet. This year probably about 2 millions; it might run to 23^. The navigation
of that stuff through the canal would be a terrible obstruction — I mean through
the St. Lawrence canals generally — because it would mean more pieces than that.
There is a piece 60 feet wide and averaging say in the neighbourhood of 250 or
260 feet long. If those were brought into a canal-size band, there would have
to be two and a half times as many to bring it down to the ordinary St. Lawrence
canal size, so that it would be anywhere from 200 to 300 lockages of stuff at that
size, which you see is not quite a practicable affair. Driving us into the canal
would be not only an unfair thing to ourselves, but an unfair thing to others.

Mr. Coste: They don't drive you into the canal. Suppose they passed
you through one lock?

Mr. Calvin: I wouldn't be able to say now what the effect of that would
be. I would like to see the plan.

Mr. Clinton: How is the business management of' rafting done ?

Mr. Calvin: They are towed through the open reaches of the river. We
would bind together probably half a dozen of such pieces as I speak of and make
a tow for a tug. Down below Coteau Landing and Cascades they are in what
we call single drams, and then down at Lachine again. At Montreal they are
banded up again and towed down.

Mr. Clinton: And the steam tug accompanies them all the way down?

Mr. Calvin: She runs the rapids, but she runs the rapids alone, of course;
they can't tow in the rapids. She runs down ahead of them. She tows them
as far as she can safely, and then drops the pieces one after another and goes on
ahead.

Mr. Clinton: What I was getting at was your facilities for locking through.
The tug is there, so that if you have slack water the raft can go right in the neigh-
bourhood of the lock before you break up. If you did not have the tug it would
create an additional expense and delay, because you would have to have a tug
stationed there.

Mr. Calvin: Yes, to take them through. I should think we would have to
have a tug in any case. One boat would not do that work with anj^ expedition.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 709

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

and more than they do now with the tow barges going through the canal. A tug
outside on the river will take three or four barges^ but when they get into the
canal each barge has to be in charge of a tug.

Mr. Clinton: Suppose the regulations should require that the company
provide the necessary facilities to expedite the passing through of the logs?

Mr. Calvin: I think that depends on the scheme. We have no data in
front of us.

General Eknst: We have the general scheme. They propose some minor
changes in it. It is not the canal exactly that you go through; it is a great big
wide river.

(Map produced, and Mr. Calvin pointed out the channel through which
his logs go.)

Chairman : What is the size of that lock?

Mr. Rickey: That has not been decided.

Chairman: What is it on that plan?

Mr. Rickey: I presume that lock would be 55 or 60 feet wide, and what-
ever length was required by the government. It would be ample for navigation

Chairman: We are thinking of Mr. Calvin's rafts. I thought there was
another place for rafts.

Mr. Rickey: The size of that will be dictated by the Chief of Engineers
of the United States Army, and he would undoubtedly take into consideration
the requirements of traffic along the river, and provide for them.

Mr. McCarthy: We recognize also the right of your commission to obtain
that information before you give your permission to see that the rights of Kingston
are maintained.

Chairman: Perhaps you would explain to Mr. Calvin your plan, Mr.
Rickey?

Mr. Rickey: This will be somewhat a repetition of what I said a year ago.
We proposed a dam from the lower end of Long Sault island to the upper end
of Barnhart island, right across on the site of the present Long Sault rapids.
The navigation that now goes down through the Long Sault rapids will then,
in all probability, use the South Sault channel, and go through the South Sault
lock. All craft that now go down through the South Sault channel, namely,
the log rafts just referred to, the tug boats, and occasionally dredge boat, etc.,
will also go down through the South Sault lock. But I think it is almost con-
trary to supposition to say that any craft now going down through these rapids
would, in view of a single lock here in the South Sault channel, take the longer
route through the Cornwall canal; and to that extent any congestion, or any
tendency towards congestion, in the present Cornwall canal will be made no
greater than under present conditions.

M. Rickey then read a printed description of the proposed works and produced
two maps showing the location of the proposed works. The maps are attached
to this report mark 'Map 1' and 'Map 2'. The description reads as fol'ovvs:

The following plan for developing the power of the Long Sault rapids
is proposed by the St. Lawrence Power Company, Ltd,, a Canadian corporation,
and the Long Sault Development Company, a New York corporation.

710 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

The St. Lawrence Power Company, Ltd., owns the power plant at the
foot of Sheek island in the St. Lawrence river near Mille Roches, Ontario.
Its water is drawii from the Cornwall canal on the north side of Sheek island,
and electric power is furnished for tlie Cornwall canal and to Cornwall, Mille
Roches, Wales and Moulinette.

The Long Saiilt Development Company is empowered by its charter to
construct dams, power-houses, locks, and other works in the St. Lawrence
river.

Both tlie Long Sault Development Company and the St. Lawrence Power
Company, Ltd., have acquired the lands and riparian rights necessary for the
construction and operation of the proposed power development.

These two companies acting independently can develop on their respective
sides of the river only a small part of the total power available from the Long
Sault rapids, but by co-operating tliey can develop the entire potentiality of
the river and furnish abundant and reliable electric power to all districts in
eastern Ontario and northern New York. All dams, power-houses and other
works proposed by tliese two companies will be designed to use ultimatelj' the
entire floM" of the river for power purposes.

MAPS OF LOCATION OF PROPOSED WORKS.

Map No. 1 shows Long Sault, Sheek and Barnhart islands, the Cornwall
canal and the international boundary. The rapids are principally between
Long Sault and Sheek islands. On the north side of Long Sault island the
main cliannel is in international waters but a short distance below the rapids
the main channel is south of Barnhart island. About ninety-five per cent of
the whole volume of water in the river flows through the main channel south
of Barnhart Island and is thus in United States territory, and the other five
per cent passes through Little river and the Cornwall canal. The internatnioal
boundary line follows Little river channel between Barnhart and Sheek islands
and east of Barnhart island is again in the main channel.

Map No. 2 shows the St. Lawrence river from the east end of Barnhart
island to the west ond of Croil island. It shows the channel that will bo used
■under future conditions by boats using the South Sault lock described later on.

DAMS AND CONTROLLING WORKS.

A dam, for convenience called the 'upper dam,' will be built between
the west end of Barnhart island and the east end of Long Sault island. At
each end of this dam will be large sluice gates which will discharge about 100,000
cubic feet per second, a quantity equal to fort}' per cent of the average flow of
water in the river. This dam will divert about half of the water now flowing
through the main channel south of Barnhart island into the enlarged Little
River channel for use in the power-houses near the east end of Barnhart island.

A second dam, called the 'lower dam,' will be built between the east
end of Barnhart island and the Canadian shore, extending across the inter-
national boundary. Both clams will be built of solid concrete masonry, and
of the most aijproved type.

In addition to the sluice gates at the upper dam, there will be at each of
the power houses a sufficient number of sluice gates to control the water level
above the dam.

POWER-HOUSES AND LOCK.

A power-house in Canadian territory will be built at the northeast end of
the lower dam opposite lock No. 20.

I INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 711

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
A power-house and lock will also be built across the South Sault channel
)etween the foot of Long Sault Island and the main shore.
One, or possibly two, power-houses will be built at the east-end of Barnhart
island. A headrace will be excavated for suppljang water from Litt'e River
channel to the forebay immediately above these power-houses.

GOVERNMENT APPROVAL AND CONSTRUCTION.

The engineering departments of the Canadian and United States govern-
ments will have jurisdiction over the design and construction of works.

CORNWALL CANAL CONDITIONS.

The Cornwall canal is llf miles in length, of which aoout 5 miles are formed
by earth embankments. Between locks 20 and 21 there are more than 2 J
mi'es of these embankments, wliich in places are subjected to over 35 feet head
of water. When the proposed dams are built and the water in the river above
them is raised to the proposed level, the present unbalanced pressure on the
canal banks, between locks 20 and 21, will be eliminated, and all danger of a
washout in this section of the canal will be removed. Below lock 20 the condi-
tions will remain unchanged.

The break in the canal bank, near lock 18, which occurred June 23, 1908,
blocked all navigation in the Cornwall canal for 17 days. Had the proposed
South Sault lock been in operation at that time no delay would have been
caused by this washout, since all boats could have used the South Sault lock.

SCENIC BEAUTY OF THE RIVER TO BE PRESERVED.

The scenic beauty of the river above lock 21 will not be affected. Below
the dams the scenery will remain practically unaltered.

Objection has been made to the construction of the proposed dams on the
ground that the obliteration of the rapids will decrease the number of tourist
passengers. The onlj- scenic change will be the replacement of the present
rapids by long dams, over the crests of which the water wi'l pass in two unbroken
sheets of a combined length of one and a half miles and a height of approximateh-
forty feet — nearly one-fourth that of Niagara Falls. This artificial waterfall
will afford a sight that will be unique and will surely surpass in grandeur the
scenery of the Long Sault rapids.

Under the present conditions the Long Sault is navigated by a single line
of passenger boats making a daily trip down stream during the summer tourist
season- — June to September inclusive. Under the proposed conditions, which
involve the construction of railroad transportation facilities to the site of the
works, the scenery incident to the dams may be enjoyed by tourists throughout
the year, and the construction of the dams will afford an opportunity for tourists
to pass through the highest lift masonry lock in the world and to see the longest
spillway dams that have ever been built. Such attractions will surely more
than offset a trip through the Long Sault, which is generally conceded to be less
picturesque and thrilling than a trip through any one of the five other rapids
through which the tourist must pass between this point and Montreal.

EFFECT OF PROPOSED WORKS ON MARINE TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES.

While the passenger traffic at this point in the St. Lawrence river is confined
to a single line, making one trip per day four months in the year, the freight
traffic is large — aggregating per annum about 4,500 trips through the canal
around the site of the proposed works. By reference to Map No. 2. it will be
seen that, in order to get around these rapids, a freight steamer must pass

712 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

through six locks on the down trip and seven locks on the up trip, while, when
the proposed wo-ks are constructed, each trip will involve only a single lockage.
Further, the passenger line referred to must at present make six lockages on
the up trip as compared -svith one lockage under the proposed conditions. The
net saving of the eleven lockages on a round trip will be from four and one-half
to seven hours' time — a verj' great improvement and advantage to navigation.

EFFECT OF PROPOSED WORKS ON RAILROADS AND THE PUBLIC.

The power from the proposed works will be used by factories and industries
to be established within the radius of electrical transmission from the power-
houses. Raw material will be delivered to the factories from distant sources
of supply and finished products will be sent to the world's markets. The new
industries and factories will give employment to thousands of persons..

SUMMARY.

IMPROVEMENT OF NAVIGATION.

The present impassable rapids will be obliterated and in their place will be
a broad and safe stream.

Tb.e velocity of the current in the Farran's Point and the Big Sny channels
will be substantially lessened, and the dangerous side current now existing at
the entrance to the Cornwall canal will be destroyed.

The South Sault lock will duplicate the means now afforded by the Cornwall
canal for navigation pa,st the Long Sault.

Duplicate navigation facilities past the Long Sault will insure shipping
interests against delay due to failure or accident in either tlic Cornwall canal
or the South Sault lock.

Boats passing the Long Sault will make a round trip in from four and one-
half to seven hours less time than at present.

The South Sault lock ^\'ill be owaied by the United States Government and
will be operated seven days per week during the navigation season. Like the
Cornwall canal it will be toll free.

ADVANTAGES TO THE PUBLIC.

The construction of these works will afford abundant, reliable and cheap
power to all districts within the radius of electrical transmission of power.
Cheap power will create many new industries and A^ill be of great advantage
to those alreadj- established.

The construction of the pro]5osed dams and power-houses vnU require the
expenditure of manj' millions of dollars, which ^^^'l be distributed among the
transportation companies, manufacturers, tradesmen and workmen. It is
impossible to estimate the amount which will be expended directly or indirectly
for the construction of factories to use tliis power, but the amount %\'ill be many
millions of dollars.

The power from the entire development ■n'ill be used almost exclusively
for manufacturing purposes and the products must be distriliuted by boat and
rail, resulting in increased revenue to the transportation companies.

CORNW.ALL CANAL CONDITIONS.

The Cornwall canal will not be affected or disturbed in the slightest degree.
Its present integrity and utility will be preserved. The proposed development
is so planned that traffic in the Cornwall canal wil' not be affected by the develop-

I

ISTER'NATIO^AL ^yArERWAYS COMMISSION 713

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

meiit in any way whatsoever. The Cornwall canal will remain unchanged
and will be open to traffic both during the construction period and forever
thereafter.

When the water above the dams is raised to the proposed level, all danger
of a washout of canal banks between locks 20 and 21 will be entirely and
permanently removed.

Mr. Calvin: The water is swift now here and here — all along down here
(indicating on map). Now, you are going to cut that off . How much of a drop
do you expect there will be between these two points?

Mr. Rickey: About 30 feet, in round numbers.

Mr. King: At each dam?

Mr. Rickey : There will be 30 feet at this lock.

Mr. King: There will be more at the other.

Mr. Rickey: No, there will be about the same at the upper dam, and at this
power-house at the foot of Long Sault Island.

Mr. Calvin: Are you going to make 30 feet in one lift?

Mr. Rickey: Yes.

Mr. Calvin: How much is the present lift in the Cornwall Canal?

Mr. Coste: 41 feet.

Mr. Calvin : How do you know you are going to have navigation down here
when you cut off all this water here?

Mr. Rickey: At the present time about 96% of the discharge of the river
goes through the main channel on the south side of Barnhart island. When
we dam the South Sault channel by building the power-house at the foot of the
Long Sault island, and when we build a dam connecting Long Sault island and
Barnhart island, more than half the water which now goes down the main channel
on the south of Barnhart island will pass over the lower dam. Now, if we cut
the volume of water in two, we are going to cut the velocity in two, and hence
improve navigation in this channel. As an actual engineering proposition I
think you will approve of that.

Mr. King: Half of the water will be flowing down that channel, and yet the
channel will be improved?

Mr. Rickey: Yes, because there is anywhere between 40 and 60 feet of
water. I don't say it is going to reduce the depth 50 per cent; I say it will reduce
the velocity.

Mr. King: No, the volume, you said?

Mr. Rickey: Yes, the volume and velocity.

Mr. Calvin: The velocity does not bother us. It is the depth and volume
we want.

Mr. Rickey: The government charts show that there is anything from
40 to 60 feet of water in this channel. Those are the charts used by the Canadian
Government, and they were determined by the American Government.

Chairman : How much would that be affected by these dams?

714 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Rickey: According to mj' present figuring, this will be along in the
neighbourhood of four or five feet. You will still have 35 feet of water in this
channel. What depth do you want, Mr. Calvin?

Mr. Calvin: You cannot come down here without 7' 6".

Mr. Rickey: So if you had 10 or 15 feet of water, that would be ample?

Mr. Calvin: If 7 feet suffices at the foot of Long Sault now, then 10 feet
in the future would be ample. Ten or 15 feet is all the water we need. I just
question whether that is going to be there or not. You are cutting off the whole
supply there. You say nine-tenths of the water runs down there now, and you
are cutting it all off.

Mr. Rickey: No, pardon me.

Mr. Coste: It changes the current; it can't change the depth very much.

Mr. Calvin: He is going to cut that water off here and here (indicating)
and have that Power house down here (indicating on map.)

Mr. Rickey : There is a nine-foot fall in the surface of the river from the
upper end of Barnhart island to the lower end of Barnhart island. Now let us
assume — which is the fact, and can be substantiated bj- the government charts
— that there is anj'where from 30 to 60 feet of water in the channel on the south
side of Barnhart island. Now, if no water at all went over the dam the water
at the upper end of Barnhart island-
Mr. McCarthy : You have not told them yet that any water is going over
that dam.

Mr. Rickey: I said half.

Mr. ^McCarthy: Mr. Calvin thinks that this is going to be a solid dam.

Mr. Rickey: Half of the water will go over this upper dam, because this
■dam is about the same length as the'lower dam. Now, even if less than half
the water went over, you would still have ample depth of water, because there
is only a 9-foot rise from the lower end and to the upper end of Barnhart island,
and j^ou have a 40-foot channel, so that this would be a deep pool if all the water
went do\sTi over the lower dam. Do I make that clear to you?

Chairman : I don't think there will be any great difficulty as to that depth
being maintained. All thatwill be looked after by the engineers. Whether these
improvements can be made under proper restrictions — •

Mr. Calvin: That is engineering; it is not rafting. Do I understand the
Canadian commission would have nothing to say as to what size that lock would
be?

Chairman : In the first place, this commission — which I speak of as a whole,
the American and Canadian sections — are supposed to deal \^ath the entire
scheme, which provides for water lock system, and all those details before it
is granted at all. This is preliminary to all that. But assuming that they can
provide proper locks, and all these things are done, what we are seeking is to
learn from you gentlemen M'hether, as was suggested at Montreal and elsewhere,
there is a general objection to the scheme which cannot be met by any require-
ments these people can fulfil.

Mr. C. H. F. Plummer: You have guaranteed that that water would be
15 feet here and 15 feet there. Would j'ou give an absolute guarantee?

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 715

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. Coste: Yes, absolute.

Mr. Rickey: Absolute, without any qualifications whatever.

Mr. Plummer: And if it didn't afterwards work out, would you take out
these works again?

Mr. Rickey: Yes, we will go on record that when these works are con-
structed, there will be ample facilities for navigation for all practical purposes.

Mr. Plummek: That is 15 feet?

Mr. Rickey: Yes, 15 feet or more in the channel on the south side of Barn-
hart island.

Mr. Calvin : I want to go on record as opposed to the scheme because it is
going to bedetrimental to our interests. I can'tfor thelife of mesee why it won't.
To begin with, we are to be hindered while the construction is going on, right
off on the start. I would like to ask a question on that. What about arrange-
ments during construction? How do you propose to let us go down the river
while this work is being constructed, supposing permission were given?

Mr. Rickey: At the present time, I have not gone into all the details as
to just how each piece of work will be carried on, that is, the sequence of the work;
but during the construction of those plants the chances are that the Cornwall
canal will have to be used.

Mr. Calvin: There we are knocked off right away. We have 200 or 300
lockages that are going to congest that canal at once. Our lockages would
amount to as much as 15 or 20 new barges on the route running all the time,
something like that.

Mr. King: It would be more than your present numbers of drams passing
over, because of the obstruction in the winter.

Mr. Calvin: Yes. It would take about 200 lockages.

Chairman : How long would there be an obstruction?

Mr. Rickey: The estimated time for constructing this plant is three
years.

Chairman: How long would this obstruction exist with these rafts?

Mr. Rickey: Approximately three years. That is just a rough estimate.
But the question in my mind is — and that is one thing that I wish to take up and
submit to your commission in detail — the exact number of boats that go through
the canal; what percentage of time is occupied in boats actually passing through
the locks, so that we could show that you could add so many more boats through
there and not approach the period of congestion. The investigation I have made
so far will not admit of the term congestion in the Cornwall canal except on
Sundays, when the boats have been tied up and are all bunched together, and
then there is a slight delay, but it could hardly be termed congestion.

Chairman : Perhaps you could explain in a word to Mr. Calvin as you have
to the rest of us, why you think that your scheme will facilitate navigation by
this one lock?

Mr. Rickey: There seems to be a general misapprehension on this propo-
sition; for instance, arguments have been presented that when this upper dam
is constructed, all traffic that now goes down through the rapids will have to
go through the Cornwall canal. That assumes that the South Sault lock is
not to be used at all. As a matter of fact, about 4 hours' time will be saved to
navigation interests by the use of this South Sault lock; that is, four hours'
time on the round trip of the boats.

716 • DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Smith: That is, the freight boats, not our boats, not the passenger
boats?

Mr. Rickey: Not for the passenger boats going down, but on j'our round
trip you will save time, because j'ou have to lock back through the Cornwall
canal and go through 6 locks, which takes you considerable time. Now, coming
back under the proposed conditions, j-ou will go through a single lock, which
will make your round trip shorter.

Mr. Smith: From our standpoint, it would kill our connections. We
couldn't make connection with ^Montreal the same daj\

Mr. Coste: Put in more steam.

Mr. Calvin: And there has been no answer to my claim of obstruction as
I see it ; that is, we are shut out of the river for three j^ears under the best possible
conditions — shut absolutely out of the river that we have been using for eighty
years, even under the best conditions possible.

Mr. Rickey: If you will allow me, I will give this all tabulated to the com-
mission later on.

Mr. Calvin : We will have a chance to be heard again?

Mr. Rickey: Most assuredly.

Mr. Smith: Mr. Chairman, I am simply going over the same ground I
spoke of before. With our company this is not an engineering proposition at
all, neither am I going to discuss it from that standpoint. Such a scheme as is
proposed would obliterate the Long Sault rapids, which in our opinion is an
asset far more valuable to our corporation than any advantage that could be
gained even if it is an engineering possibility — which we don't know anything
about. At the present time, it takes us all of our time to meet the New York
Central time card. All those trains are regulated to leave the large distributing
tourist traffic gatewaj^s and get down the St. Lawrence river at an hour in the
morning when passengers can be transferred. It is only during the two or three
months in summer that we have the long daylight, even with the fastest steamers
that we put on, that we are able to make this connection that day. Any delay —
a delaj^ of half an hour — would be a positive hindrance to that traffic. The
tourist traffic of this country is a tremendous traffic. It is sought not onlj'' by
ourselves but by all railway companies throughout the district; and anything
done to interfere with the free flow of that tourist traffic would be a big injury
to the Dominion of Canada. In our opinion that asset is just as valuable to
the Dominion and to our company as Niagara Falls. I think if you made a
proposition to obliterate Niagara Falls off the map you would raise a howl. To
obliterate the Long Sault Rapids will raise a howl, and has already brought
forth protests which I hold in my hand and will file with your commission.
Every steamship interest in this country and the INIontreal Board of Trade are
objecting to the scheme simply because it is interfering with a navigable
stream, and we don't see the commercial necessity of it. I will read a letter I
received from the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, IMontreal, signed
by Mr. J. V. O'Donahoe, Manager's Assistant.

'C. J. Smith, Esq.,

'Care King Edward Hotel, Toronto, Ont.

'Dear Sir, — Referring to my wire of this date as follows: Shipping
Federation advise meeting of International Waterways Commission at King
Edward Hotel eleven to-morrow, and suggest you attend. Long Sault question
coming up. !Mr. King wires will be there.'

INTERNATIOSAL WATERWAYS COilMISSION 717

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. Robb called up this morning, and said Mr. Allan had requested him
to get in touch with you regarding a meeting of the International Waterways
Commission to-morrow. It seems that the Federation have been notified of
this meeting, and that the question of the Long Sault Development Company
would come up, and they decided not to attend as they had already filed their
protest, but they extend to us assurance of their support of any action that we
may take along the lines discussed. It is snowing hard to-day, but we expect
the boat will be made to get out all right about on time.

Yours truly,

(Sgd.) J. V. O'DONAHOE,

Managers' Assistant,

Mr. Smith : So far as our company is concerned, and I think other steam-
ship companies, we would be all very glad to assist any power scheme, because
it is in our own interest; but when you submit a power scheme that dams the St.
Lawrence river, and for three years prevents our company from running the
rapids, we think it should not be listened to for a moment. In addition to that,
I understand that the government have stated that there is a statute that navi-
gable streams are not to be interfered with. That is part of the policy of the
country. In our opinion, this is a navigable stream. Under those circumstances
we say that it is a detriment and a very serious one ; also that if power is given to
a corporation to harness up the St. Lawrence river there, there is no reason why
the next rapids should not follow in succession; no reason why Lake Erie should
not be dammed, and bring the water down over the Jordan. Besides, there are
lots of water-powers right near this very power that is proposed. There is the
Ottawa river there, that is not a navigable stream. I believe they furnish
statistics showing that something like half a million horse-power can be converted
on the Ottawa, that will serve the same district as this, that is, so far as the pro-
vince of Ontario is concerned. By a transmission line I suppose it would serve
New York State. Therefore, from a commercial standpoint we cannot see why
our interests and the tourist interests of this country should suffer in order to
develop power which while it would no doubt be of value, is not off-set by anj'
transportation or other business interest commensurate with the loss. While
these other shipping interests are not represented, Mr. King is here from the
Dominion Marine Association. I have a letter also from the Shipping Federa-
tion of Montreal, which states that they will not be represented at this meeting,
as they had already filed their protest, but stating that they would extend to
our company the utmost of their support in any action that we may take along
these lines.

General Ernst: How many people do you carry down there in a season?

Mr. Smith! I have no record with me. I can give it to you.

Chairman: About how many?

Mr. Smith: During the summer season we are carrying on an average 500
a day, and the business will increase. The boats that we are getting to-day are
able to take care of 1,500 people per day. That is about the maximum number
of people that we could take care of with the steamer. We have just finished
one steamer which cost us $250,000. We are building another one, and this
business is growing. It is not only that business; it is the business that goes
on to our other line of steamers ; it is the business that comes in to seek a water
route from the United States and from Canada, to ^o down the St. Lawrence
river. The rapids, we claim, is the particular feature of the trip.

19a— 46

718 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Chairman : This rapid ?

Mr. Smith: Yes, we believe that the Long Sault rapid is of a different
character; there is more volume. Some like the Long Sault; others like the
Cedars; some prefer the Split Rock and others, Lachine; but the Long Sault
rapid is the longest rapid, of more volume, and being the first rapid it naturally
stands out more or less as the Long Sault. When you get through the rapids
the Lachine is the last rapid. I think you can see what I mean — that the Long
Sault rapid —

Chairman: How long would it delay you? The principle which this
commission has to decide upon with regard to all these kindred waters is this —
that the interests of navigation, which are paramount, have to be first considered,
and no other diversion for power purposes will be considered if it interferes with
navigation interests. It has been alleged, and a great deal has been said, and
said with some force, that upon the whole — not dealing with the Long Sault
rapids alone — the interests of navigation would not be impeded, but they would
be facilitated. And the effect would be beneficial. That particular point, which
has to be considered by the commission, is really the question at issue. The
interests of navigation are paramount; but it is true that they would be helped
rather than hindered by this improvement?

Mr. Smith: From our standpoint, we are building boats faster all the time.
The great trouble is in transportation through the rapids; you can only get a
certain draught, about five feet five, and you cannot get the power out of a boat
of that capacity at a commercial cost. To get through ou-r time-card, is about
all we can do now.

Chairman : How long do you think that would hinder you?

Mr. Smith : I don't know, because I have not gone into it from that stand-
point. I could figure it out if their engineer could tell me how much longer it
would take us to get through from the entrance till we got out. If it was two
hours, it is two hours, and I understand that Mr. Rickey said we would save
about two hours on the round trip. Two hours faster, therefore, divide that in
half, that would delay us two hours going down.

Mr. Rickey: No, I beg your pardon. In making up the average saving
of time on the round trip, and the progress of passenger boats, I took something
like 20 boats, including a larger proportion of passenger boats than freighters.
The average saving of time on the round trip was four hours; the average delay
to the R. & 0. passengers going down will be about half an hour.

Chairman: That was stated by somebody before. That is why I called
Mr. Smith's attention to it.

Mr. Smith: Well, unfortunately in locking we run up against delays of all
characters, and a delay of half an hour would be inj urious. The fact of the matter
is that about the first of September in order to reach Montreal by night, we have
to shorten our present time-card to leave Kingston at half-past five in the morning
as against five, and we are already leaving Kingston too early. To get passen-
gers out of their berths at 4 o'clock is pretty early for tourist business, to get
them on to these boats to make the run at present.

Chairman : Will your new boats be any faster?

Mr. Smith : The new bqat is faster, but she is not fast enough to do that'work,
and we cannot make them fast enough. In order to assist in this time-card we
are going to more expense ourselves — putting up quick coaling plants and all that

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 719

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

sort of thing by machinery, so as to overcome this. Unfortunately, in canaliing,
there are obstacles coming in the way, and it seems to me half an hour is too short
altogether of a limit of time lost, for we might break that connection. I think
it would be more like an hour or two hours, and when you are canaliing you
never know, what is going to get in the way.

Mr. Calvin: Rafts would be ahead of jou.

Mr. Smith: If a raft is ahead of us, where would we be? Just a little
suggestion of something like that shows what occurs.

Chairman: You can assume that Mr. Cahan would be ahead of you,
anywaj-. (Laughter.)

Mr. Smith: Yes. Now, last summer we had an unfortunate break in the
canal; but suppose there was ordinary work going along, you could see for your-
selves how serious it would be, and change the whole complexion of the tourist
trade that all lines in this country have tried to work up. We have our canal
facilities there now, and we are running outside, and we intend to increase that
business right along. Anji:hing in the shape of delay would in our opinion be
very serious.

Chairman: ]\Ir. King, do you want to say anything yourself? I would
like to have you speak on that one point, whether on the whole the interests of
navigation would be facihtated or hindered by this improvement?

Mr. King : Anything that I say must necessarily be of a very general nature.
At the moment we have not the full details before us; we have no engineering
data before us; we have nothing but a plan upon the table and the discussion
that has taken place. I would just like to reiterate — because the whole com-
mission is here to-day — the statement alreadj' made by Mr. Smith, that the navi-
gation interests of Canada are at jfresent absolutely a unit in opposition to the
scheme. The Dominion Marine Association, which I represent, has practically the
whole tonnage from ^lontreal to Port Arthur and Fort William, and they have
considered the scheme on more than one occasion with the information before
them, and are at present absolutely opposed. I think the Canadian commission
is seized of that fact already.

Chairman: We are not seized as well as we would like to be.

•

Mr. King: I am just pointing out that the opposition exists at present,
and that is endorsed by the navigation also of the river, the Montreal Board of
Trade, and all the other bodies. We are grateful to the commission for express-
ing the position that the governing principle behind the commission is that
navigation interests will be paramount. We realize that acting upon that line
we must show that navigation interests are here interfered with, or that the
commission must satisfy itself on that point. We do not say that the obligation
is upon us to satisfy the commission. It has been suggested that the navigation
interests should be looked upon as a whole rather than as individual units here
and there. Now, what are the interests going down the St. Lawrence? They may
be roughly put under three classes. Mr. Calvin represents one, and he has shown
you what a substantial class that is. Mr. Smith is a representative of another
class, perhaps the most substantial, the passenger interests, and he has shown
you how he would be affected. Now, we have not heard anything so far about
freighters, but the two Mr. Plummers are here representing two of the important
lines of baggage freighters carrying grain and baggage to Montreal and back.
Then there are the Mackaj-s of Hamilton, who go all the way down to Sydney,
and many other boats, every one of which is directly interested in anything which
is going to impede present navigation or block it. Thej* may have 15 ft. of

720 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

water offered to them, but this afternoon they are offered for a period of three
years, at any rate, an additional complication of 300 drams of logs in the course
of the season in the old Cornwall canal. Now, any na\'igator would protest
against an addition of 50 drams of logs on the old Cornwall canal. Anything
that is going to cause any additional impediment to navigation there is a serious
one. Now, how far is the rafting industry to be affected? INIr. Calvin does not
go over the whole ground. He starts at Garden island, where he makes his rafts.
He has to make the raft; he has to reorganize the system of rafting which has
been in operation for 50 years and over, ever since the company has been down
to the foot of Wolfe island. I presume it would be a great source of expense if
Mr. Calvin had to start to teach half-breeds and others how to build rafts over
again. It is going to cost him more to make a narrower dram. While he now
gets over the Long Sault by rapidly shooting it over and picking it up again at
the foot of the rapids, he will have to go through the laborious operation of
getting it in shape and getting it through and picking it up again, and getting
out of the road of other vessels.

Mr. Calvin : I didn't go through all that detail because I am going to have
another hearing, but I might saj' that a raft of timber constructed narrow enough
to go through the Cornwall canal would be comparatively unsafe in the lower
rapids. It would have to be about 38 or 40 feet wide. That would lessen the
safety. There are several other points. ,

Mr. King : Perhaps as we are to have another hearing, there is no need for
me to go into it.

Chairman: I think it is just as well for you to go on. I think the commis-
sion would like to hear the points.

Mr. King: When I have been asked directly whether navigation interests
are being interfered with, how can we ignore the fact that Mr. Calvin is so seriously
interfered with, as one of the three interests represented on the river? Mr.
Smith is going to lose the most attractive feature of his own route. I speak
feelingly there, because I would pick out the Long Sault rapids as the most
attractive feature of the whole trip. As to the freighters, the proposal that
they should have to permit these rafts — big, square drams, squared on each
end — to navigate the Cornwall canal with them even for one season — such a
proposal occurs to me as one of the greatest of detriment to their interests on the
canal. The whole three points seem to be so clearly brought out at present
that one doesn't have to refer to them again. But our protest goes further than
that. Surely the asset which we now enjoy in the free and unobstructed passage
do'Rii the St. Lawrence river, which is the natural outlet of the Great Lakes,
is an asset which cannot be very lightly or readily taken away. One cannot
estimate the detriment that may occur. One does not know how many other
companies such as Mr. Smith represents may enjoy rights there. Have we a
right to block the free natural channel of such enormous interests as this one?
I am sure the commission is going to treat the matter very seriously. I
know we are in safe hands, and I know that engineering representatives will be
before the commission prior to any conclusive action. I was immensely surprised
when I got the invitation yesterday to attend, because the matter was going to
be considered and decided to-day. I know the commission is not going to decide
without very full discussion.

Chairman : That notification was a mistake.

Mr. King : I know that was a lapsus pennce. We ask the opportunity to
say something more when we have the engineering data that will enable us to
give some definite evidence.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 721

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

General Ernst: I imderstand, then, the objection from the freight interest
is simply the blockading of the canal during the course of construction, by the
rafts?

Mr. King: That is one. They cannot tell what the other objections may
be. They are to-day offered a guarantee of 15 feet of water. I don't know
which channel that will be in, and exactly what the character of the channel
will be. It is impossible at present to estimate exactly what the objections
may be that we will advance, but I suggest that at the moment as a serious one.

Chairman: Is there anything in the objections on behalf of the freighters'
interest, that it would be a great saving to the vessel interests? Perhaps Mr.
Plummer will say whether he agrees with that — that having one lock instead of
six on the other side will be a great advantage, and that having this water more
still and with less flow there would be a great advantage. It was urged very
strongly upon us that taking the general freight business there would be a saving
of several hours and an improvement of the whole system.

Mr. C. H. F. Plummer: This affects everybody the same as it does the
freighters. There is no question that if everything is equal, one lock is better
than seven. Of course that is unanswerable. But in this case it is on the
American side. We don't know how it is going to affect the depth of waters
here. These gentlemen say it is going to give us ample.

Chairman: Let us assume that it does. I want to go from point to point.
It really does not make much difference which side the lock is on, because under
the arrangement between the two governments, all these are the common right
and property of the people of each country under treaty and arrangement. We
can hardly block a system which is used over and over again. We want you to
be broad with us. Each country has a right to use all this water, and they now
use it. We have a right in their canals; they have a right in ours, and that is
going to be made more permanent by treaty. Assume what they say is true.

Mr. Plummer: Assuming that there is 15 feet of water here, and one lock,
and that Mr. Calvin's logs after three years do not have to lock through that
one lock —

Chairman: Leave Mr. Calvin's logs out at present.

Mr. Plummer: That is a vital point to us. We have got nine boats; we
make propably 90 lockages during the season, during the 10 trips to Montreal.
If Mr. Calvin has to go through that one lock and make 300, it is going to hurt
us. I would rather have 7 locks and not have Mr. Calvin. If he is not going
through there, and then there is 15 feet of water, I say let us rather take this.

Mr. Calvin : How am I going to get down?

Mr. Plummer: If you go through with 300 lockages, I would rather have
10 locks in the present Cornwall canal.

Mr. Coste: Are you ruiming the rapids?

Mr. Plummer: No, we lock all the way through, up and down.

Mr. Coste : Then this scheme would not affect you at all, because you take
the Cornwall canal, which would be improved. You take the Cornwall canal
to-day, don't you.

Mr. Plummer: Yes.

Mr. Coste: Both going down and up?

722 DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Plummer: Yes.

IMr. Coste: Then it would not interfere with you in the slightest.

Mr. McCarthy: You would rather have two methods of getting up and
down than one. The only thing you fear is Mr. Calvin's logs?

Mr. Plummer: Yes. Isn't it reasonable for anj^ one to want to have two
wajs of getting out of a house?

Mr. Rickey: I would like to explain about this 3 years' construction period.
A question was raised as to how long we were going to dam this channel, and as I
recollect, at that time I said that I had made no careful study of it, that I had
not gone into the details. I simply made an off-hand general statement that it
would take approximately three years. I don't know; it might be done in much
less time than that, and I wish to make that —

Mr. Smith : Or it might take more?

Mr. Rickey: No; there is enough money invested here to make one hustle
right from the start, and if you don't hustle your interest charges are going to
eat j-ou up. Now, while this South Sault channel is being constructed, all the
traffic that now goes through the Long Sault rapid can still continue to go
there. We don't interfere with that at all. All the work in the South Sault
channel will be finished before the Long Sault channel is touched.

Chairman: Then do you say there would be no obstruction to the present
channel while that construction is going on?

Mr. Rickey: There will be no obstruction in the main rapids while the
South Sault work is being constructed.

Mr. Coste : And none at present in the Cornwall Canal?

Mr. Rickey: None at present in the Cornwall Canal.

Chairman : You did state it before so that we all got the impression that
for three years the whole system would be blocked.

Mr. Rickey: Yes; that is the particular point that I wish to correct. It
was clear to my mind that there was a lapsus lingucc through which a wrong
impression was conveyed.

Mr. McCarthy: And while the Long Sault work is being performed, Mr.
Calvin's logs can go down as they do now.

Mr. Calvin : They use that channel. (Indicating on map.)

Mr. McCarthy: They could use the other channel.

Mr. Calvin: I don't know. They never have gone there.

Chairman: During the time that this is being constructed is there a way
that your logs can go down?

Mr. Calvin: I couldn't speak positively of that, but I think that is very
doubtful.

Mr. Ccste: In case of damage we would indemnify these people. (Refer-
ring to Mr. Calvin.)

Chairman : That is very rapid, is it?

I

IXTERXATWNAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 723

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr Calvin: Yes, and very rough. That is why the scenic effect is good.

Chairman : They go through the locks?

Mr. Rickey: My figures will show that to you conclusively.

Chairman : During construction, would it be for all of three years that this
channel will be closed to Mr. Calvin's logs?

Mr. Rickey: I don't know how long it will take. I don't think it will take
three years' time. It may take considerably less than three years, but there is
a period that this channel will necessarily be blocked. (Indicating South
Channel at power-house.)

Mr. Frank Plummer: Do you mean three continuous years?

Mr. Rickey: I mean three chronological years. There are certain periods
you cannot work there.

Mr. Stewart: Could a timber slide be put in there similar to the timber
slide we have at Ottawa for passing rafts?

Mr. Calvin : The cribs that pass down there draw very little water.

Mr. Stewart: Thej' are very small.

Mr. Calvin: And very shallow. There is only one tier of pine timber.
You couldn't run an oak raft over that slope.

Mr. Stewart: How many tiers have you?

Mr. Calvin: Three. It draws about 3J^,,4 and sometimes 4 feet 2 inches
of water — big, heavy blocks.

Chairman: And some hardwood timber?

Mr. Calvin: Some is hardwood, some pine.

Mr. McCarthy: The most of it is pine.

Mr. Calvin : About half and half.

Mr. Clinton: After you undertake the work on the South Channel, is the
river going to get water enough for vessels to pass down here for a considerable
space of time until these dams are completed?

Mr. Rickey: Yes, I would like to explain. The general way we would
construct this would be to build a dam with the power-house and lock at the east
end of the South Sault channel. We would build that first and have it all com-
pleted. Then as soon as that is done the log rafts, etc., can come down through
this lock and go down the river. After this is done we will undertake the con-
struction of the upper dam, and until we undertake that construction, the
passengers boats can shoot the rapids the same as they do now, and when that
channel is obstructed, boats can, without the least delay, come down through the
South Sault lock.

Mr. Calvin : In order to construct this, there would have to be a dam right
across there? (Indicating.)

Mr. Rickey: A coffer dam.

Mr. Calvin: That part of the river would be blocked? We could not use
part of that river while that is building?

724 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Rickey: I cannot answer that question off-hand without considering
it in detail. Something like that might be worked out.

Prof. Haskell: I would like to ask Mr. Calvin how many years he expects
his timber to keep up ?

Mr. Calvin: I cannot tell you that. We have been at it a long time;
we are there still. When I was a boy people said it was only going to last five
or ten years, but I am pretty gray and it is there yet. It is a big country, and
there are big lakes and big tributaries. Some of this timber comes down from
West Virginia and Kentucky, but it comes down this way because it is the best
way. West Virginia and Kentucky oak comes to us now via Toledo.

Prof. Haskell: Does it go there by rail?

Mr. Calvin: By rail. It runs down the streams into the Ohio river,
and the different Ohio roads carrj' it up bj' rail to Lake Erie ports, and we pick
it up there and bring it down.

Chairman: Is it mostly for shipment across?

Mr. Calvin: It is all for shipment across to Great Britain. That is the
hardwood side of it. Michigan and Wisconsin, elm; Pine timber from Idaho;
and pine timber from Cobalt and Timiskaming and north shore of Lake
Superior. It fans right out like that, and drops into the St. Lawrence, the big
water.

Mr. King: Perhaps while we are all here together our minds might be
disabused of the idea that is prevalent that the control of the situation would
lie with the power companies.

Chairman: In what way do you mean?

Mr. King: The absolute control of the water, for one thing; the depth
of water; the operation of the lock.

Chairman: Absolutely no.

Mr. King: It would be absolutely under the government?

Chairman: Yes. No permission would be given to anybody that does
not give complete and absolute control to some representatives of each govern-
ment, whatever form it takes. At present this commission may be given
greater power to deal with these questions relating to boundary waters; but
at all times they will be subject to the control of some body so that the interests
of navigation Avill be protected to the utmost. There is no danger at all from
anjiihing of that kind, not the slightest. The one great big point here, and the
only one point, is whether these proposed improvements — which ought to be
granted if they are not an injury to navigation — will be an injury or a benefit
upon the whole — and you have to look upon them as a whole. Now, that is
all there is to it. You need not be afraid but that the matter will be very seriously
considered by all the members of the commission who will seek to get at the
principle and do what is right under the principles established, and which are
the only proper principles to govern them in dealing with what are international
waters. We do not want and must not allow any little jealousies between the
two countries to arise. Nobody has any property in this water; it is not Ameri-
can water, it is not Canadian water; it is common use.

Mr. King: My point was more as between the power company and the
other companies than between the two governments.

lyTERy.iTIOVAL WATERWAYS COilillSSIOy 725

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Chairman: Don't make anj- mistake. That is absolute. The interests
of navigation are never surrendered by either government anj-where. I want
you to understand that absolutely.

]\Ir. Clinton : The improvements at the Sault are absolutely under the
control of the governments.

Chairman : Any improvements made at the Sault can be taken do-svn at
anj' time. We can compel them to take down anj'thing.

General Ernst: It has been shut off completely twice.

Chairman: Yes; General Ernst calls my attention to the fact that they
have cut off the water absolutely from the power companies at the Sault twice.
I must confess they have done much more to carry out the spirit of the principles
than our commission. This whole commission, as you know by our reports,
have put themselves on record as strongly as they can in the English language
as establishing their intention to preserve the levels of these great lakes, and,
uphold the interests of navigation as paramount over every other interest;
but where we can without injury to these interests permit the development
of power we would do it.

Mr. C. H. F. Plummer: If you back up the water 30 feet, is there not a
chance of that water getting out some other way?

Chairman: That is a matter of detail, too.

Mr. Plummer: We have little enough water there now.

Chairman: We will ask the government engineers, Mr. Butler and Mr.
Anderson, and if there is anything injurious in that it will not be pernutted.
All we are troubling you with is whether the danger will be specific. These
other matters will be taken care of in an engineering way. Of course, Mr.
Smith, you agree, as everybody does, that it is a good thing to have these power
developments if we can. Do j-ou think it is possible that any scheme could
be devised by which something could be made up to you? You cannot get
away with the loss of time that it will take you to lock through, and you will have
to add to that the limit incident to delay. That would seem to be one consider-
able objection; but on the return trip, if what we are told is true, you would
save considerable time for your boats and considerable money value by having
only one lock and a much easier passage on return. On the whole, do you think
it is not possible to make this scheme so that it ■nail be an advantage?

Mr. Smith: I would be only too pleased to make an appointment with their
engineer and go into it practically. I am not an engineer. I would have to
engage one for our company. We would have to discuss it, but if the rapid
was obliterated I don't see liow we could be compensated. We are just about
building another boat: we have to have a spare boat. There -(\ill probably
be two boats running down the rapids next summer, and Mr. Plummer's nine
boats are going to be augmented, and there will be those nine boats. If we are
going to take advantage of the St. Lawrence for the tourist business, we must
take time between daylight and dark. We cannot get to Montreal and through
the Thousand Islands by daylight by going through the canal.

Mr. Clinton, Suppose you were given the right of way in locking?

Mr. Smith: It takes too long. We have to operate them for all they
are worth to get them through the rapids.

Mr. Cltnton: I mean so far as delay by other traffic in locking is con-
cerned?

19a — 17

726 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC JV0RK8

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Smith : We have that now. The passenger boats are given the right
of way.

]\Ir. Clinton: Suppose that is preserved to you in this lock ?
Mr. Smith : It would be natural, it follows.

Mr. Clinton: The question in my mind is, to what extent the traffic by
freight boats would interfere. I am not speaking of rafts now at all.

jNIr. Smith: Of course that is all data I couM make out for you. Some-
times we can get through the canal in 3 hours, and sometimes it is 5 or 6 if we
run into obstacles. If we meet with obstacles it kills the trip for that day, and
throws the whole of those people out of their whole connections and everything.

Mr. Clinton: What I had in mind was, that freight boats going down
the South Channel might at times confliet with you in making time by keeping
j-ou away from the lock.

Mr. Smith: It would, if they were there.

Mr. Clinton: But suppose .you were given the right of way, and so in-
structed that you could use it except as against boats actually locking, would
the chance of delay on account of the freight traffic really amount to anj-thing?

Mr. Smith: I don't know whether it would or not. The answer to your
question would have to be figured out and discussed. A freight boat cannot
alwaj^s give you the right of way even if she wants to. Conditions arise that
make it impossible. There are certain winds and one thing or another by which
we are delayed half an hour. Frequently we get into a pocket and can't get out,
and have to wait. But as to assisting in any way by giving it time or going
into it more fully or answering questions, I would be very glad.

Chairman: I would suggest to you, ]\Ir. King, that it would be a wise
thing, and helpful to this commission, if we had some engineer before us show-
ing somewhat on your side. We have one on the other, and then the govern-
ment engineers would have their opinion, and they could confer with repre-
sentatives of the company when these details arrive so that you will come to
a conclusion as to what you differ about.

Mr. King: I moved over to this chair for the purpose of dropping into
Mr. Calvin's ears some remarks very much to the same effect. We were asked,
in fact we were given, an opportunity to have an engineer, and it was then thought
wise by the association not to commit itself to the care of any particular engi-
neer and run the risk of the navigation problem being decided by an engineer
who might not have full regard to all the navigation interests such as the minor
questions that are raised to-day. Now, I understand the matter has been re-
ferred by the Dominion Government to three engineers; but it has seemed to
me that it would be very proper if they would condescend to consult repre-
sentatives of this association before they finally submit their report either to
the commission or to the government. We would be very glad to go over
the matter with them and deal with the various points which we are unable
to discuss intelligibly to-day.

Chairman: I think it would be very desirable if they would consult both
youi" engineer and the other.

Mr. McCarthy: Mr. King does not propose to name an engineer. They
shy at that every time.

Chairman: I think you should name your expert to consult with him,
because our expert thinks that he camiot advise you two. Choose an expert

I

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 727

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

to represent you ; the company are represented by engineers; the government
are represented by engineers. The commission have to use their best wisdom
and decide what in the end would be the best report. Now, it seems to me
if you get together with your engineer and the company and government engi-
neers you would thrash out among yourselves a great many things and eliminate
them, and when we come here there would be some definite issue.

Mr. Calvin: The company's engineer, the engineers appointed by the
Canadian portion of the commission, and the proposed engineer who might
represent the navigation side, are all engineers and are looking at this matter
from an engineer's point of view, whereas the most important thing so far as
the Marine Association and ourselves are concerned is the navigation interests
and not the engineering portion of it or the power development side of it.

Chairman: There are two distinct things. If we could eliminate the
engineer, and get some result from that, then the commission, who are dealing
with it from the general basis, would have something to go upon. It has always
seemed to me more satisfactory if, having heard the company's expert, we
could hear what your expert has to say on the other side.

Mr. Calvin: Then we would have to put it this way — we would need
two experts, one on the engineering side, and one on the navigation side.

Chairman: Yes; you could have a dozen if you want to, but do give us
an engineering expert. Have you any idea, Mr. Rickey, when you will be
prepared with those plans?

Mr. Rickey: No, sir, I have not. I want to go into the whole matter
fully, and give you tables so that when any of these points arise I can say those
are the facts of the case. That will take considerable time. I have to go through
the canal records to show the actual percentage of time those locks are free,
and the number of boats. From that you can see the effect of putting 100
more boats into the canal and that they will take up so many more per cent
of the time during the 24 hours.

Chairman : Is there anything of that you could put in writing so that the
commission, if they see fit, could communicate to these gentlemen interested the
engineering requirements so that when we meet something could be thrashed out?

Mr. Rickey: I think so.

Chairman: It seems to me that we all keep getting the preliminary end
of it. If the commission could say, 'Now, this is the proposition,' and send it
out to all those people and thrash it out, it would be better.

Mr. Rickey: We are all around on the outside of the field here. We all
ought to get in together and thrash the matter out.

Mr. King: Let me, on behalf of the navigation interests any way, thank
you and thank the American members of the commission as well, very cordially
for the opportunity given us to-day to say something, and thank you as well
for the suggestion now made, which I hope may be carried away as an under-
standing— that something definite will be put in writing or in print, accompanied
with some plans, so that we may get together and give it the rational considera-
tion it deserves, with the assistance of experts, and give you something definite,
rather than meeting over the table and discussing it informally in this way.

Chairman: You understand why that is suggested at this time?

Mr. King: Certainly.

Deputation withdrew at 4 p.m.

-Ifi

MAP SHOWINO LOCATION OF

DAMS, CANALS AND PO\VER HOUSES

» PROPOSED BY M

St. Lawrence Power Co. limited, and Long Sahtlt Development Co.

1000 O 1000 2000

I I — I — I — I — >

Rlan I.

u r^.

V.*i>.

,^

MAP SHOWINO-

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, BETWEEN CORNWALL AND CROIL ISLANDS

CHANNELS USED BY FREIGHT AND PASSENGER STEAMERS
UNDER PRESENT AND PROPOSED CONDITIONS

ScALC In Miles

Plan 2.

t

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 729

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

APPENDIX 'A-i'.

POWER DEVELOPMENT AT LONG SAULT RAPIDS.

Ottawa, December 15, 1908.
Hon. Geo. P. Graham,

Minister of Railways and Canals,
Ottawa.

Sir, — We have the honour to report in regard to the petition of the St.
Lawrence Power Company, Limited, to His Excellency the Governor General
in Council, for permission to erect certain dams on the St. Lawrence river,
as follows : —

No detail plans are before us and our report is predicated upon the infor-
mation submitted.

First: A rough computation shows that it is possible to develop, approxi-
mately, 800,000 effective horse-power by the proposed dams; and that the
creation of such an enormous quantity of power would be of very great impor-
tance to the district in question, as experience has shown that in the proximity
of such large developments of power, great industries are created; towns and
cities grow up. The objections which arise, are somewhat serious. First:
The plans, as submitted, contemplate interfering with the present Cornwall
canal; and this we take it, cannot be tolerated. The integrity of the Cornwall
canal must be preserved, without any alteration whatever; and consequently,
the plans submitted would have to be modified so as to preserve intact this
most important navigation channel. It is true that the company contemplate
the building of a separate lock above lock 20 to enter into the proposed new
level, but such a lock requires navigation to pass along parallel with an over-
flow weir dam, which, necessarily, must take care of the great bulk of the discharge
of the river; in consequence thereof, the side currents would be so great as to
render navigation exceedingly dangerous. Furthermore, an accident to any
of the dams would throw the whole system of navigation out of gear for a long
time

Second: The plans contemplate a single lift lock on the American side,
in the south channel, to take the place of the Cornwall canal. The channel
from this proposed lock to the foot of Cornwall Island has such a swift current
and is so crooked as to render such a route dangerous; and it is not, therefore,
in our opinion, a suitably located lock, having regard to the difficulties named.
It does not seem needful at this stage to point out a more suitable site where a
lock might be had, and where the difficulties of navigation would be lessened.

Third : The upper dam provided for in the proposed plans, running from
the Long Sault island to the upper end of Barnhart island, is practically parallel
with the thread of the stream, and is intended to be an over-flow weir, with
ten stoney sluices at each end of it. There can be no doubt whatever that
this dam will, of necessity^ have to take care of the regulation of the level of
the river above it. The lower dam at the easterly end, which is in the form of
the letter 'A', connecting the mainland on the Ontario side with the lower end
of Barnhart island, would not, in our opinion, be of material assistance for
regulation.

Every advantage has been taken of the natural channels for the purpose
of providing an economical development of the power, practically closing up
the entire Canadian channel by this means and throwing the whole of the dis-
charge into the American channel on the south of Barnhart island, the water
to the north of Barnhart island being thrown into a pool.
19a— 48

730 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

The discharge over the upper dam in conjunction with the stoney sluices
would be of such volume, and the cross current so great, as to make it risky for
a steamer to attempt to pass parallel Tvnth this dam, through the south of Sheek
island.

Fourth: The effect of ice and frazil on the up-stream end of the river is one
upon which it would be most difficult to express any decided opinion. There is
no doubt that frazil forms in the Galops rapids, and the Rapide Plat; and that
a large mass of more or less broken ice floats do'mi the river continuously. The
channel in the vicinity of Brockville is usuallj' kept open for the ferry; but after
the dam in question has been built, a field of broad ice would be formed above
its crest, and it will be difficult to say where the small cakes of ice, frazil and
anchor ice would go, if it did not fill up the space above the dam. The report of
the Montreal Flood Commission of 1889, states that on the 8th of April two or
three feet of board ice and from ten to twentj'-four feet of frazil were found.
That between the Lachine rapids and Varennes, in March, 1887, a distance of
20 miles, there were 99,216,000 cubic yards of field ice, and 252,601,000 cubic
yards of frazil, and water amounting to 467,212,000 cubic yards, or a total of
819,029,000 cubic yards, which gives some little idea of the relative proportions.
The conditions for the creation of frazil were greater in the district just
above described, than in the one we are considering. Nevertheless, there is
ample opportunity for the creation of great quantities of frazil and broken frag-
ments of solid ice at the points named, so that the up-stream effect likely to be
created is something that no one could very well predict; but would, no doubt,
be approximatelj- similar to that found by the commission, with resulting damage
at the foot of the Rapide Plat and the Galops.

Fifth: The Richelieu and Ontatio Navigation Company run a daily line of
steamers from Kingston to Montreal, and do a fairly large tourist business,
which we understand is increasing. One of the features of the trip is running the
Long Sault rapids, which, of course, would be destroyed by the proposed dam.
Aside from this, we question if a boat could make the trip from Kingston to Mont-
real, in a day, provided she had to be locked through the Cornwall canal or the
proposed lock on the American, side. Strenuous objections have been raised
by the interests in question against the project.

Sixth: The possible destruction of the proposed dam by natural forces, or
by the malice of any e\al-intentioned person (an earthquake might be the means
of destroj'ing the dam), certainly a very few pounds of djTiamite in the hands of
an intelligent man would be most disastrous. The volume of water which the
dam would contain would be sufliciently great, if liberated in the form of a wave,
to, at any rate, destroy the greater portion of the town of Cornwall ; certainly
the canal, or that portion of it below the dam; and without doubt, the means of
flooding Lake St. Francis and a large section of the land on the river bank pro-
tected by the Hungry Bay dyke; besides unquestionably imperilling the Sou-
langes canal, as well as the villages fronting the river between Lake St. Francis
and Lake St. Louis. Whether the effect of such a sudden break would be taken
care of in Lake St. Francis and Lake St. Louis, is a question. Experience had
on a very much smaller scale would lead one to expect that the damage would be
continued on through the lower portion of Montreal, with the possible destruc-
tion of the Lachine canal, as Mell.

Seventh: The plans show a very small percentage of development on the
Canadian side. We should judge that over eighty per cent is contemplated
to be developed in the United States; and of course, this would be a verj- unfair
distribution of the power in question. In any event, should the project receive
consideration, considerable re%'ision of the plans would have to be made, so as to
secure a more equitable division of the power development.

Eighth: A vital point in connection ■svith the whole scheme would be that
all the plans of the dams, locks, etc., on the proposed works must be approved

I

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 731

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

in advance by engineers responsible to Canada and to the United States, respect-
ively, and upon which they must agree; the detail of the works in question should
be passed upon by the joint approval of engineers from both countries. Whether
this is a practical thing to secure we are unable to say, but it is obvious that the
interest of Canada is such that no portion of the work in question could be allowed
to be gone on with unless it received a most strict examination and inspection
by engineers acting for this country. No doubt, the United States authorities
would take a similar attitude with regard to the question, although their interests
are trivial compared with ours, on account of the fact that they have so little land
on the St. Lawrence below the power in question.

Ninth : No private corporation should be permitted to have under its control
the regulation of the height of water in such an important river as the St.
Lawrence.

We are, sir,

Your obedient servants,

M. J. BUTLER,

Chief Engineer, Department of Raihcays and Canals.

WM. P. ANDERSON.

Chief Engineer, Department of Marine and Fisheries.

EUGENE D. LAFLEUR,
Chief Engineer, Department of Publics Works, Canada,.

APPENDIX 'B.'

Proceedings of public hearing, Toronto, January 26, 1909, on the project of the
Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power Co., Development.

Toronto, Jan. 26, 1909.

CEDAR RAPIDS MANUFACTURING AND POWER CO.

The following deputation appeared representing this company, which has
headquarters in Cedars, province of Quebec: —

J. AV. Domville, President; Casimir Dessaulles, solicitor; Henry Holgate,
C.E., engineer.

Secretary Wilson read letter from Nap. Tessier, Secretary Department of
Public Works of Canada, Ottawa, December 18, 1908, addressed to Mr. Cotd,
Secretary Canadian section, covering correspondence, reports and draft agree-
ment in relation to the application of the Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and
Power Company in reference to their proposed development work on the St.
LaMTence river.

Mr. Coste: I would like to make a little statement in reference to the Cedars
Rapids so that our American friends will understand the question well. The
Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power Company are acting under a charter
granted by the Dominion Parliament in 1904. They then prepared their plans
and filed them with the Minister of Public Works, and in January, 1906, the
Minister of Public Works obtained an order in council authorizing his depart-
ment to deal with the matter practically. That is, the order in council author-
izes the company to go ahead subject to an agreement or a contract to be made

732 DEPARTiIf:?:T OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A, 1913

with the Department of Public Works, and takes it out of the hands of the exe-
cutive and puts it into the hands of the Minister of Public Works. The Minister
of Public Works had an examination made of these rapids, and on the report of
one Oi the engineers actually had a formal agreement drawn out, which is in the
file, and put it to the company to sign that agreement, whicli would have given
permission to go on. The company was not then prepared to go along w^th the
work, and did not want to sign the agreement, so as not to make financmg diffi-
cult. Nothing was done then from 1906 until October, 1908, when the secretary
of the company forwarded an agreement practically in the same shape as it was
before, but suggesting a few changes in it for the consideration of the Minister of
Public Works. In December, 1908, the ^Minister decided, by the letter that the
secretary of the department writes, to place the matter before the International
Waterways Commission, on the ground, I suppose, that it was an international
matter, since the Americans were interested in the navigation of the St. Lawrence,

Chairman Gibbons: Gentlemen, the main point to be discussed is that in-
volved in the principle adopted bj' the commission, that no interference is to be
permitted which is injurious to the interests of navigation. If navigation inter-
ests are not affected injuriously, the policy of the commission is to permit these
developments; but navigation has a prior right, so that that is really what the
commission would want to understand about the matter. The citizens of the
United States have, by treaty, the same right as we have to the use of the St.
Lawrence through Canadian territory to the sea. That treaty is of long standing,
and the American section as well as our own are in that way interested in any-
thing that interferes with the navigation of the St. Lawrence.

Mr. Dessaulles: I have very little to add to what Mr. Coste said. We
have brought the engineer of the company, ]\Ir. Holgate, to give technical in-
formation on the works proposed to be done, which we hope will satisfy the com-
mission that the navigation of the St. Lawrence cannot possibly be affected by
the works. I fancy that jMr. Holgate is better posted than I am on these
questions, and he will furnisli any data or information on the lines suggested by
the engineers of the commission.

Mr. Holgate: I produce a plan made by the late Thomas Monro, who was
chief engineer of the Soulanges canal. It embraces the whole of the Soulanges
canal from Lake St. Louis to Lake St. Francis. The Soulanges canal comes out
near the mouth of the Ottawa river.

Chairman Gibbons : Is any other use being made of these rapids? Any
other powers there?

Mr. Holgate: No.

Chairman Gibbons: How far are the Cedars Rapids from Montreal?

Mr. Holgate: 25 miles.

Chairman Gibbons: Do any vessels run here?

Mr. Holgate: Some passenger boats run these rapids. Below the Cedars
rapids are the Split Rocks and the Cascades. The Cedars rapids are the easiest
of navigation of any of the rapids. Any difficulty that has existed — call it
difiBculty or not, there has been reallj' no difficulty — but am- trouble that has
arisen in navigation has been either in the Coteau rapids or in the Cascades,
where the water is lower at periods than it is in the Cedars rapids. We have no
records of any trouble in the Cedars rapids from navigation. The limiting
point of navigation in the Cedars rapids is at La Barriere, but there is plenty of
water over there.

I

IXTICIx'XATIOXM. ir.l 77.7.'Tr.l ) N' TO I/l//,S\Sf/O.V "33

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. Coste: Do I understand you to say that the Cascades practically
control the navigation of these rapids?

Mr. Holgate: Yes.

Mr. Coste: That is, that when the Cascades are at their lowest water the
boats have to stop, while they still would go over the Cedars rapids?

Mr. Holgate : I don't think the boats have ever actually had to stop.

Mr. Coste : At low water, that is in September and October?

Mr. Holgate: Well, they have probably stopped occasionally, but I have
no recollection that they did stop; but the trouble I refer to at the Cascades is
damages — striking rocks and that sort of thing in the tortuous channel at low
periods. The part we are most interested in is from Cedars village down to
Pointe Du Moulin. That covers a distance of about a mile and a half.

Chairman Gibbons: Your works would of course lower the level of here
(Isle aux Vaches) to some extent?

Mr. Holgate: It might possibly. I don't think that figures can show
anything definite in regard to the matter at the present time. (Producing plan
in blue print showing particularly the scheme of proposed power development).
This is the nearest approach to anj'thing that exists in the way of a correct plan.
The proposition is to build a dike or embankment from Isle aux Vaches, at its
eastern end, somewhat parallel with the shore, in the river, and places the power-
house at the lower end of Pointe Du Moulin, having the intake or the head race
between the north side of Isle aux Vaches and the main land. See plans annexed
to this report, marked plan E-1059 and plan 44-1. Plan E-1059 shows the
works as contemplated in 1903, and plan B shows generally the proposed power
development as submitted to the commission.

Chairman Gibbons: What does your charter call for?

Mr. Holgate: Three hundred and fifty thousand gallons per second. It
amounts to about 55,000 cubic feet per second. That is the maximum.

Chairman Gibbons: That is a large quantity.

Mr. Coste: What power will you develop from that?

Mr. Holgate: About 150,000 horse-power.

Mr. Coste: With a fall of what?

Mr. Holgate: 32 feet. The steamboat channel is shown here. The depths
in the steamboat channel are marked on the plan — 15 feet, 12 feet 7 at La Barriere.

Mr. Coste: What is La Barriere? A rock?

Mr. Holgate: Yes, I think it probably is the remains of this island from
erosion.

Mr. Stewart : Is there more water over the chute?

Mr. Holgate: Yes, there is more water over the Chute than there is at
La Barriere. These depths are in relation to low water in Lake St. Francis.

Mr. Coste : Do you get these depths from Monro's survey?

Mr. Holgate: Yes.

Chairman Gibbons: What do the Richelieu steamship people require for
navigation?

734 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19l3

Mr. Holgate: The actual draught is 5 feet 5, but they require 7 feet.

Chairman Gibbons: They run pretty close, then, to the channel?

Mr. Holgate: This is the low-water stage, Mr. Chairman. They have
never had any trouble here at all. There has been no trouble in the Cedars
rapids from navigation. If it were necessary La Barriere could be removed.
That would increase the average depth, whatever you increase this.

Chairman Gibbons: What effect do you figure that will have upon the
flow lower down — south? What would be the depth at La Barriere?

Mr. Holgate: It might reduce that at lowest water stage possibly a few
inches, but less than a foot.

Chairman Gibbons: All the volume that you carry within your embank-
ment is taken from this section (indicating north and west of Isle aux Vaches)?

Mr. Holgate: Yes.

Chairman Gibbons: 55,000 cubic feet per second is a very large volume of
water, isn't it?

Mr. Holgate : One reason why it would not decrease the depth so much as
might be thought is the change in direction of this water. This water now
coming down from the west touches the passage to the north — (illustrating on
plan) —

Chairman Gibbons: You take about one-fourth the flow?

Mr. Holgate: About one-fourth the flow, maximum.

Mr. Clinton : How much water have you north of Isle aux Vaches?

;Mr. Holgate : I think, as near as you can get at, is 80,000 cubic feet passing
between Isle aux Vaches and the north shore.

Mr. Clinton: If thej' allow only 50,000 to pass down below, there will be
an additional 30,000 coming down here. (Indicating to the southeast.)

;Mr. Holgate : The 80,000 that flows now through the channel goes down
between Isle aux Vaches and Pointe des Cedres, so that the 30,000 that would
be left would be split, and a portion of it would go down to the north of Isle Aux
Vaches and the other to the south of Isle aux Vaches. The practical question
is, how much would it lower the water? From mj' conclusions I cannot see the
possibility of lowering the water. It is something under one foot where it is
possibly it would lower the water at the Barriere. The water flowing down here
is'of course regulated by the height of Lake St. Francis, (producing table showing
the variation of water levels at the entrance to Lock 14 at Valleyfield) . I prepared
this table in order to indicate the maximum and minimum levels of Lake St.
Francis for the past 50 years, to show, more than anything else, that the varia-
tions are not excessive, and that low- water periods are very, very seldom. In
1895 there was a lower water period than we have had for some time, and even
that was not extreme; that did not interfere with navigation west. See tables
attached to this report marked Table A, and Table B.

Chairman Gibbons: What would be the height of water at La Barriere
at that time?

Mr. Holgate: 9 feet less 1-31, that is 7-70 ft. These water levels refer
to a depth 1 foot higher than thelowest water level that we have found, because

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COilHISSION • 735

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

that period occurred after Mr. Monro had made this plan. So that in 1895 there
was only a depth of 7-70 at La Barriere.

Chairman Gibbons: If you take off a foot, that would leave 6-70. The
Richelieu people seem to be interested more than anybody else; do they know
anything of this scheme?

Mr. Holgate: I don't know whether they do or not.

Mr. Dessaulles: I think they were fully aware some time ago.

Mr. Holgate: I think Mr. Monro, in putting the ship channel ilowu here,
purposely put it over La Barriere to indicate what the result might be if they took
the ships there. I have reproduced Mr. Monro's plan precisely. As a matter of
fact, from witnesses to whom I have spoken about it, persons who live in the
neighbourhood, the ships do not go there, but swing in between Isle aux Vaches
and Isle a I'Ail. Nothing uses these rapids that would draw anything like that
much water, except these boats, and the actual water that they draw is 5-5 ft.
but we are speaking of 7 feet of water. That low period has only existed once
in 50 years, as shown by this table and should it occur again, if it is a menace to
na\'igation, it must be provided for by some supplementary works.

Chairman Gibbons : I wish we had known about this matter as fully as we
do now, for it would have been wise to have had the Richelieu people here to
listen to what you had to say. That seems to be the only difficulty.

Mr. Clinton: Were they notified?

Chairman Gibbons: No, I don't think they were notified. I did not appre-
ciate the proposition until now.

Mr. Coste; I asked Mr. Cot6 yesterday if he had notified any of the Riche-
lieu people. He said he had not, because he did not know that the company
were able to proceed. Mr. Stewart has been writing to the company for infor-
mation of various kinds, and no reply having been received he didn't think they
would actually be prepared to meet us to-day and for that reason the Richelieu
people were not notified for to-day's meeting.

General Ernst: What soundings have been taken here?

Mr. Coste: There are no soundings taken in there except what you see on
this large map.

Mr. Stewart: That survey was made under my direction. They wer.= not
able to navigate the rapids, and the survey boats couldn't go into them to take
soundings.

Mr. Holgate: I have gone back into all the records I can find as to low
water, and have made this record (referring to Table of Variation of Water Levels)
We have ascertained low water, and we have fixed that low water point from
established bench marks, and reference to the bench mark is noted on the plan
here; and the detail sheet gives the system that was used in connection with the
established bench mark which is checked, and I can say it is absolutely correct.

Chairman Gibbons (Referring to steamboat channel at La Barriere) : It
seems to be a blockade of the channel.

Mr. Holgate: I show it on the plan as Mr. Monro showed it on his plan;
and if it exists and the commission find that that is the only obstruction to
navigation, then I would say that that, being an obstruction, should be removed.
The difficulty of removing that would not be so very considerable. I may say

736 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

that in m}' study of the matter my ideas are verj', very strong with regard to the
principles that you have laid down. I would not dare to bring before you a
matter that would imperil navigation in the slightest degree.

Chairman Gibbons: We feel that the interests of navigation are paramount
and must be protected. At the same time the commission are quite anxious to
allow these improvements when they can do so consistently with that principle.
In the resolution passed at our last meeting the navigation interests were to
have been notified of this meeting. It is unfortunate that that has not been
done. Possibly I am to blame more than anyone else, for I have practically
been away from home ever since. It would seem reasonable that they should
have an opportunity to hear your case. They are the only other people inter-
ested, and the policy of the commission has been to give everybody interested
an opportunity to be heard. I do not want to bring you back again, and if we
had these plans someway or another the navigation people could be notified. Are
j'ou in immediate hurry for the work?

Mr. Holgate: I think so; yes. I would suggest that there are two ways of
obviating this. One is the removal of obstructions; the other is the arrangement
that was provided in the draft agreement made with the Minister of Public
Works for raising the water in the steamboat channel by introducing other
works in the river. That is a very simple matter; and the Minister of Public
Works has already provided that should there be interference with navigation,
those works shall be built so as to raise the water above the low-water stage, so
that practically the low-water stage will have no chance whatever to exist.

Chairman Gibbons: The agreement states: — '1. That the said company
will so construct the said works that the general navigation of the St. Lawrence
river shall not be impeded or interfered with, and that the consumption of water
shall not be so great or so affected as to in any way injure the navigation on the
St. Lawrence river. '

Mr. Holgate: They mean the consumption through the power-house.

Chairman Gibbon: The agreement proceeds: — '2. That if at any time in
the opinion of the Minister or of any engineer appointed by the Minister for that
purpose, the navigation of the St. Lawrence has been injuriously affected by the
said works, then the company shall at once construct and maintain dykes or
dams of which the location and mode of construction shall be determined by the
Minister. '

Mr. CosTE : In that agreement they are compelled to build certain dams to
close certain channels so as to bring up the level of the water. I think in that
connection that it was well to have the low stage of water on the south shore of
the river, so that if we made any recommendation we could refer it to that. If
the water gets any lower than that point, then the company would have to raise
the water by artificial means.

Mr. Holgate: I may say we don't have to wait till the water gets to that
level for the work, because with a systematic record of the levels of Lake St.
Francis we can see, ahead of time, when the level is going to be affected lower
down in the river. That is quite clear from studying the elevations of Lake
St. Francis.

Mr. Stewart: That would apply provided no improvements or no changes
were made. If you had put in a dam it would change here, and then the levels
on Lake St. Francis would not be anj- indication of what the level here would be.

Mr. Holgate: There is a relation.

IXTERNATIOJfAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 737

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. Stewart: Not if you change the conditions. If you take this 50,000
feet coming out here it ■nill not then pass over at this point (indicating on map).

Mr. HoLGATE : But the whole quantity must pass down to Lake St. Francis.

Mr. Stewart : The quantity will pass, but it will not show the high water.

Mr. Holgate : The main point is this — we are willing to bind ourselves
down to this — that low water shall not be permitted below the elevation given
on the plan.

Chairman Gibbons: That shows how much at La Barriere?

Mr. Holgate: That shows 9 feet.

Chairmman Gibbons: You are willing to maintain a level of 9 feet there?

Mr. Holgate: There are with reference to Mr. Monro's figures. As I said
before, the difference between Lake St. Francis and here is that one foot rise in
Lake St. Francis we find at this point is about 1-31. That is pretty nearly the
relation between the two levels; so that Mr. Monro's figures were taken at the 1
foot higher elevation of Lake St. Francis than I have worked from. Therefore
his depths will be 1-31 generally less than shown on this plan. That is whj' I
said a little while ago that at La Barriere it would be 7 • 70. The nearest sounding
to the bench mark is 15 feet and 14 feet — one on each side. We would be willing
that the depths there would not be less than 13-70 and 12-70 instead of 15
and 14.

Mr. CosTE : That is, you would practically lower the water by 1 foot?

Mr. Holgate: Practically, yes.

Mr. CosTE : That is, it might have that effect?

Mr. Holgate: Practically, yes. The channel can be kept intact by the
works placed in the river between these islands.

Chairman Gibbons : In dealing with these matters we have rather adopted
the suggestion that works which may be needed under certain changed conditions
should be constructed at the start. It is rather difficult to carry out any other
plan, because works cannot be constructed in a day.

Mr. Holgate: Still, in the face of the serious doubt that these works would
interfere ^^nth navigation, it would probably be a hardship to insist on the com-
pany spending a large amount of monev which would be futile.

CHAiRiLAN Gibbons: That would mean a large amount of money, would
it?

Mr. Holgate: It must mean a large amount of money.

Chairman Gibbons: You don't propose to sell the entire quantity at
once?

Mr. Dessaulles: No; we are limited by the market. It may be years
before the maximum is reached, and we would be paying interest on a large
amount of money for work that perhaps may not be needed.

Chairman Gibbons: Would you bring factories there?

Mr. Dessaulles: We would bring factories there.

738 DEPAliTMEM OF I'l DI.IC WOEKH

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
General Ernst: How high are you going to build that dam?
Mr. Holgate: 15 feet.

General Ernst: You think you are using all you need?
Mr. Holgate: I think up to the commercial limit we are.

Chairman Gibbons: Would a delay of a month be a serious matter for
you just now?

Mr. Domville: It would make quite a difference to us. We are estimating
to] take now only 100,000 horse-power; after that we would be very glad to
construct any works that would be required.

Chairman Gibbons: How many cubic feet would that require?

Mr. Holgate: 100,000 would take 40,000 cubic feet. The effect of this
work can be ascertained almost instantly when the works are in, and the effect
can be remedied by the works that can be placed in the river, so that I see no
element of uncertainty in the question. There is no risk, at any rate, for the
first year or the first five years, of any possibility of interference with navigation;
and before that period expired the exact effect of the works would be definitely
ascertained, and then this commission would dictate what works must be
placed there to restore the channel that has been interfered with.

Mr. Dessaulles : Works might be built that would prevent the consumption
of' a certain amount of water if it is injurious, if it is found that the scheme
would not be practicable beyond that. It might take more than five years;
I suppose it would take two years before the works would start, and then it
might take another five years after that.

Chairman Gibbons: Two years before the works would start?

Mr. Dessaulles: Start operating, yes.

Chairman Gibbons: When did you propose to commence the construction?

Mr. Dessaulles: In the spring, probably at once.

Mr. Domville: We are going right ahead on it.

Mr. Dessaulles: There are expropriations of land to be made, which
we_have the power to do under the charter, and it would be better that those
should be started on at once.

Mr, Holgate: Work on the construction details has already begun.

Chairman Gibbons : It would seem to be a question of details at most.
It does not seem to me that it should interfere with your general work. It is
just a matter of convenience. I still do feel strongly that before the com-
mission take action they should let the Richelieu people know, and hear what
they have to say. We have had the same difficulty arising in that other propo-
sition near Barnhart Island; the Richelieu Company bitterly oppose the works
there. The plans are being altered. They are very strenuous in their opposi-
tion to that, as was also Mr. Calvin, who carried on a rafting business. It has
been suggested that this channel you are closing is the channel now used in
rafting. What would the effect on Mr. Calvin's rafting work by the closing
of that channel?

Mr. Holgate: None.

Chairman Gibbons: There is plenty of room for them outside?

IXTERNATI02fAL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOy 739

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. Holgate: Oh, yes, there is plenty of room. The floating of rafts
down will certainly not be interfered with.

Mr. CosTE : I understand all the rafts pass on the north side of Isle aux
Vaches and swing round here (illustrating). Now, if you close that, you could
not bring them through this navigable channel. They get away at present
from the navigable channel, and they come around this north way.

Mr. Holgate: They ultimately conflict with the navigation channel
farther down the rapids, so it is not a question of keeping clear of the navigation
channel — the steamboat channel — it is simply a matter of convenience in
entering the channel above.

Chairman Gibbons: How far is that around?

Mr. Holgate: Less than half a mile. The current coming from the north
of Lsle aux Vaches would be cut ofi' then, and there would be no trouble in his
making the same course as he always has below Isle aux Vaches. The only
alteration will be the direction of entering the rapids.

Mr. Dessaulles : And in fact sometimes they don't get the current, and
they pass south of Isle aux Vaches. I have seen that myself.

Prof. Haskell: If you are going to take 50,000 feet you are going to have
a current that will suck in a raft on this side of it, unless some provision is made
to take care of it.

Mr. Holgate: There are about 80,000 feet coming down here now.

Prof. Haskell: 50,000 will give a strong current on the north side of
this island (Isle aux Vaches).

Mr. Holg.ate: The river is broad here and speed is very slow, so that
the alteration in the quantity will not affect the steering of the raft.

Mr. Coste: The current is going to be diminished considerably in this
channel.

Prof. Haskell: Are j'ou sure of it?

Mr. Coste: You have a mile and a half of practically dead water here
on the level (illustrating). Here you have 80,000 feet coming down now,
dropping.

Prof. Haskell: You are going to take 50,000 feet per second, and do you
tell me there is not going to be any current there?

Mr. Coste; There will, of course.

Prof. Haskell: There will be a good live one.

Mr. Stewart: What is your width?

Mr. Holgate: 450 feet.

Mr. Stewart: What is your depth?

Mr. Holgate: About 30 feet. The question of current in the canal,
however, does not enter into the rapids. It is the current west of Isle aux
Vaches. I think Mr. Monro gives the speed on his plan here.

Mr. Stewart (After calculating) : There would be 4 feet per second through
that.

740 DEPARTMENT OF I'VHLIC WOIlKs

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Prof. Haskell: That is a pretty good current.

Chairman Gibbons: That is pretty lively, isn't it'?

Mr. Holgate: It is not too livelj' for maximum conditions at the head
of the power channel.

Mr. Stewart : Of course a raft has nothing to guide it. It is simply drifting
down. It has no tugs to it.

Mr. CosTE : It is a question of putting booms anil boom-piers at their work
across here to prevent their being drawn in (indicating space between Isle aux
Vaches and north shore).

^Ir. Domville: In our original plan we have shown that.

Mr. Coste: The big current is to the west and east of Isle aux Vaches.
If the dam is going to increase the current they will have to put booms in here.

Mr. Domville: The plans filed by the government to-day show the boom
here. The plans that we filed show that we have to erect a boom.

Mr. Holgate: However, it was not on accoimt of rafting; it was on account
of ice.

Mr. Coste: The rafts follow the shore here. The way to look at it is this,
that for a long time to come these people will not take the 54,000 of water, and if
they were allowed to go ahead with their work, that the gangers ought to be put
there and see what the effect was of taking 10,000 and 15,000 feet, and the work
would be done gradually.

Chairman Gibbons: Their charter calls for the full amount. You have to
deal with it as a whole.

Mr. Coste: The whole can be taken eventually, but the whole may entail
the construction of some subsidiary works to raise the level of the water or the
dredging of some spot to give the water to navigation.

Mr. Holgate : That is what we would like.

Chairman Gibbons : You speak of wanting 40,000 cubic feet at practically
the start.

Mr. DomviLLE : We would not want as much as that at the start.

Chairman Gibbons: I misunderstood you.

Mr. Dessaulles: I suppose the development would not be practical unless
we started with a sale of 50,000 horse-power?

Mr. Holgate: I think it divides itself into three stages of 50,000. It
would not be commercial unless we developed 50,000 at once, at the start. We
have already 50,000 we can dispose of, so we know where we are. The next
addition would be 25,000 or 50,000 horse-power.

Chairman Gibbons: That 50,000 represents how much in cubic feet?

Mr. Holgate: Say 20,000. So what we would like would be to have the
commission approve of the general arrangement, with some such stipulation as
the Commissioner of Public Works placed in the agreement which he at that
time was willing to execute on behalf of the Canadian Government ; and if there
is any other item that this commission thinks should be inserted to safeguard
navigation, this company will agree to it.

I

nTERXATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 741

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Gener-U. Ernst; I would like to hear you on the ])ospibiIities of develop-
ment there, without reference to the present demand.

Mr. Holgate: The only other way would be to dam the whole river. You
cannot combine the other rapids commercially with the Cedars rapid.s in making
a development.

Chairman Gibbons: It comes, then, to what you say in your application,
that it would take about 50,000 cubic feet.

Mr. Holgate: I think that is about the limit. The potential of these
rapids, I think, is that 150,000 horse-power. I cannot conceive of any sensible
arrangement for damming the river and using the whole river at that point.
The over-flow area is not sufficient.

General Ernst : You think that will be true alwaj's, do jou?

Mr. Holgate: At this point, yes. It would not do to dam the whole river
at this point. It is not feasible here on account of the length of the over-flow,
in fact the ^\idth of the river: it is not sufficient; the dangers that you would
have up stream.

Prof. Haskell : You mean from back water?

Mr. Holgate: The back water would be a very serious matter.

Chairm.\n Gibbons: Ice, too.

Mr. Holgate: Ice would be here a very serious matter if you were to
attempt to dam the whole river. I have considered that matter, and have
advised to abandon it.

General Ernst: Suppose you should Mash to do it in future, how would
these works be interfered with in any such scheme?

Mr. Holgate : It is a matter for study. I would not like to give an opinion
just now. I think it is what you might call a remote contingency.

Chairman Gibbons: It would not interfere with your present use, would it?

Mr. Coste: There would be a loss of head in the whole chain of rapids,
but with one particular rapid it would not interfere very much. The question
would be similar to the question at the Soo. The river could be worked both
ways — either by side diversions or bj^ a complete dam across; that is, if the
conditions of the ice and the flows are correct. But I agree with ]\Ir. Holgate
in this matter, that the ice conditions on that part of the St. Lawrence are such
as practically to deprive it of the use of those rapids by a dam unless the whole of
the St. Lawrence is made a series of pools.

Prof. Haskell: Does the ice ever block there at the head of those rapids?

Mr. Holgate: No, sir, the ice conditions are not bad here. They are all
such that they can be met.

Mr. Stewart: The ice all comes down and blocks at the foot of Soulanges
rapids?

Mr. Holgate: Yes.

Chairm.an Gibbons: The proposition seems feasible on the face of it as
far as the power part of it is concerned.

Prof. Haskell: If that is the case with your ice blocks up there, do you
see any objection to damming the whole river? — because if this were converted
into a pool it would simply close over.

742 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Stewart: It would not altogether he in the nature of a pool.

General Ernst: Would this contract enable the government to authorize
the damming of^the whole of the river later on?

Mr. Dessaulles: We would not have any power to build works right
across.

General Ernst: But for this remote contingency of the future, suppose
you get your works in operation and there is a demand for additional power
some time in the dim future, would your contract prevent the Canadian Govern-
ment from authorizing some other company or your company to utihze the
rest of the water?

Chairman Gibbons: It would not prevent their authorizing them, that is
sure.

Mr. Dessaulles: We have the riparian right. It would lie a matter of
expropriation.

Mr. Coste: The only contingency would be the dammiiia, of the power on
the other side; then it is doubtful if they could got the water. They could not
get the amount of water that would be required irom this development to make
it worth while to work.

General Ernst : What is the low-water discharge?

Mr. Coste: About 176,000, the lowest.

Prof. Haskell: It must be more than that. The low-water discharge
of the St. Lawrence is some 225,000, isn't it?

Mr. Coste: From measurements made this last summer away down at
Sorel, it was less than 200,000 after it gets the whole of the water in. It is very
low.

Mr. Holgate: In 1862 it was 187,000.

Mr. Stewart: I think the table I have in the office from Mr. Rickey is
176,000.

Chairman Gibbons: How can it be so much lower than at Niagara?

Mr. Stewart: At Niagara the low water discharge is less than 200,000.

General Ernst: It is about 180,000 at low water discharge.

Mr. Holgate: That low-water I speak of was in the month of February,
on account of ice conditions; so that as far as navigation is concerned my mnimum
figures do not apply exactly. I am only giving you a list upon niin'mum
conditions; I understand they were in \vinter season when there was no naviga-
tion.

Prof. Haskell: If you take 55,000 as against 176,000 it would be a much
larger proportion than if it were 200,000, if the low-water gets down to 176,000
in the navigation season.

Mr. Stewart: No< that is in February. August is a good level.

Chairman Gibbons : I am going to suggest to the commission that you leave
these plans, and that the RicheHeu Company and the Calvin people be notified
that they are at the office of the commission in Ottawa, and that they be asked
if they have any serious objection to this work under these conditions; and if

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 743

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

they have, I suggest that we call a meeting of our commission promptly to deal
with the matter. If they have no objection, we can deal with it, and go on the
line that has been suggested. Is there any objection to that?

Mr. Dessaulles: That appears fair enough. We don't interfere with
navigation. If that is provided for, I don't see what the Richelieu Company can
object to. Of coiu-se the matter was passed on by the government years ago.

Chairman Gibbons : It has only come to us recently.

Mr. Dessaulles: The plans were prepared then and the government
Engineers —

Chairman Gibbons: You see the difficulty we are in in dealing with that
is, that they are the only people who are navigating this stream. We would like
to hear what they have to say, because they are objecting to any use of it. Now,
it seems to me it would save time if we were to communicate with them that this
application has been made, and that the commission propose to deal with it, but
if they desire to interpose any objection a special meeting of the commission
will be called if they notify us. We will not delay the matter. We don't want
to delay the work. They are the only people interested? Should we deal with
it without hearing what they have to say?

Mr. Dessaulles : As a matter of law it is not generally done.

Chairman Gibbons: It is usual to notify the other side. Of course if there
had not been any immediate hurry we would take the matter up at the next
meeting of the commission, in about a month. I am trying to meet the desire
of your people, and adopt this other plan. It may be that after they examine
the plans they will see no objection. We will not hear them ex parte; we will
notify you. We don't want to give them an opportunity of saying we dealt
with this without giving them opportunity to be heard.

Mr. Clinton : If the plans are left in Ottawa and the Richelieu Company
are invited to examine them, ought there not to be a personal explanation by
this company when they do examine them? They may go and examine the
plans and not understand them.

Chairman Gibbons: It might be simpler if the plans were left in Mr. Hol-
gate's office, and we notified them that they are there with Mr. Holgate, and he
will be very glad to explain them to the Richelieu people and Mr. Calvin.

Gen. Ernst: Are these all the plans there are? The agreement speaks
about detail plains.

Mr. Holgate: We are supposed to furnish detail plans later on to the
Department. The general plan was approved by an order in council.

Gen. Ernst: These are all the plans there are?

Mr. Holgate: These are all the plans there are at the present time.

Chairman Gibbons : That would be sufficient for the Richelieu Company's
purpose.

Gen. Ernst: Yes, but I don't see how we can approve the plans.

Mr. Coste: We are not asked to approve the plans. We are called on to
say that these works will not interfere with navigation if certain things are
done.

744 DEPARTMENT OF PVBLW WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Chairman Gibbons: The plans are approved entirelj- by the Minister of
Public Works under the agreement.

Mr. Domville: We anticipate that there will be a certain amount of ob-
jection raised to our plans, and it would facilitate matters if you could arrange
to have a meeting shortly on an appointed day, and we would all come up to any
place that would be convenient to you; because if they go to Mr. Holgate we
fancy there may be objections raised, and we will be helpless in the meantime.
Would it be possible to have a meeting of the commission?

Chairman Gibbons : We anticipated all this, and understood that the parties
should all be notified. A mistake has occurred, and the other parties were not
informed of this meeting. We will have everybody notified and then deal with it.

Mr. Dessaulles: A day might be fixed.

Chairman Gibbons: We will not delay in any way, but I think, so that they
should have a chance to be prepared, it would be well to tell them the plans are
with Mr. Holgate in Montreal.

Mr. Holgate : Could you, in notifying them, put a limiting date on or before
which they should inform us of any objections?

Chairman Gibbons: Yes; say within ten days of the receipt of the notice.

Mr. Coste: If you make an arrangement with those people I will go to
Montreal on the date that you receive them.

Mr. Holgate: Thank you.

After the deputation had retired, the commission instructed the secretary
of the Canadian section to inform the Richelieu Navigation Company and
Messrs. Calvin of Kingston that the plans of the Cedars Rapids Manufacturing
and Power Company can be seen in the office of Messrs. Ross & Holgate,
Montreal, and requesting them to notify the secretary of said company within
ten days if they have any objections to the proposed development. It was also
decided that all parties in interest be notified that the matter of the Cedars
Rapids Development Company will be taken up at the next meeting of the
commission in Buffalo, and that they be notified lO be present if they desire to
do so on Friday, February 26, at 10 A.M., at the office of the American
section in Buffalo, N.Y.

«tT:

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913 DEPARTMENT C

Table B.— Statement giving the data used and the metliod f
_^__^ of the St. Lawrence ]

Date.

Year.

1874. ,
1874. ,
1874. .
1874. .
1874..
1874..
1874..
1874. .

1872..
1872..
1872..
1872. .
1872. . ,
1872...

Dav.

Diff. of

May 20

" 21

" 22

" 23

•' 24. . . r.

" 25

" 26

" 27

Average.

Dec. 26...
" 27....
" 28....
" 29...
" 30....
•' 31...

Average

.\verages ...

1904.
1904
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1904

1909.
1909.
1909.
1909.

Elevation

of

Water

on

Gauge

at

Cedars Wharf.

158-45
158-45
158-55
158-55
158-45
158-55
158-65
158-45

Depth

of

Water on Sill

of

Lock 14,

at

Valleyfield.

13-17
13-25
13-25
13-17
13-17
13-17
13-25
13-17

158-53

13-20

155-25
155-35
155-25
155-15
155-25
155-35

155-27

3-26

10-83
10-75
10-75
10-67
10-67
10-67

10-

2-48

These elevations and depth
to projects for a canal 1
But the foregoing shoi-i
at tlie highest and low

Gauge

on
Cedars
Wharf.

June 7

13

17

" 28

Aug. 6

" 10

'' 19

" 24

" 29

Sep . 5

10

14,

22

27!

Oct. 1.

Jan.

20 Noon . .

20 5 P.M..

21 9 A.M .

21 Noon. .

Average

-0-40
-010
-0-15
-0-15
+0-15
-0-10
+0-05
-0-20
+0-05
-0-10
+0-45
-0-35
-0-15
-0-45
-0-55
-O-Io

Water .Surface
belo%v B.M.
opp. Foot of

Isle aux Noix

These figures establish the
lock corresponding to 3 -

Gauge

at

Pointe

Du Moulin.

3-21
3-25
3-42
3-29

3-29

-0-40
-0-15
-0-10
-0-10

0-00
-0-20

0-00
-0-20

0-00
-0-20
+0-40
-0-40
-0-20
-0-50
-0-60
-0-20

Depths

on Sill of Lock

at

Valleyfield.

11-17
11-17
11-17
11-23

11-18

These readings give the f

Kapids) .

0-00 in each column repre:

• + is rise above, and — is

The readings were not tal

The differences range froi

the maximum differe
This record fairly establi:

as at Cedars Wharf.

The fluctuations at Cedax:
any point between -will
apply with reasonable a
the foot of the rapids.

These readings -were tak:
opposite the Cedars ]
of Isle aux Noix, was
immediately alongsic
field Lock.

Low water at Valleyfield

Applying the ratio of 1 to
that point.

3.30^+2-20=5-50', gives
immediately alongsi<
Canal. See Plan 44-

MoNTREAL, January 25, 1909.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION
Table A— Showing the variation of watel levels at the entrance to lock 14 at Valleyfield. — Sill 141 UO.

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

SEPTE.MBER.

October.

November.

Decsubbb.

Year.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

Higli.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

High.

Low.

155. ?R

153-50

154-67

153-92

154-60

153-60

154-25

163-76

164-33

153-83

154-67

164-17

154-92

154-25

154-68

154-17

154-33

163-17

164- 17

153-42

163-92

153-25

154-60

153 OS

1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875

'.'. 154
155

58

153-42

154

16

153

16

154

75

153

60

154-75

153-92

154

67

154

33

154

67

154-42

154

58

164

16

164

42

163

92

154-16

163-33

164-25

153-00

153-92

153-00

154-67 153-17

00

153-33

153

83

153

16

153

83

153

26

153-75

153-33

153

67

153

33

153

75

163-50

163

92

153

33

153

83

163

50

163-93

163-33

163-67

163-01

155-50

153-01

155 00 { 163-33

". 154

50

153-16

164

16

152

50

154

33

163

33

154-75

153-83

154

92

154

53

154

75

151-33

155

17

153

S3

164

-te

163

92

154-16

153-58

154-32

153-07

154-33

153-50

154-25 ' 153-76

" 154

83

153-50

154

25

153

67

154

33

153

33

156 00

153-42

166

00

164

58

154

42

1,54-16

154

42

154

00

154

26

153

92

154-00

153-50

153-67

153-32

153-60

153-26

153-58 1 153-00

[ 153

92

153-08

154

00

153

00

153

75

153

00

154-75

153-25

154

68

153

67

154

33

153-75

154

08

153

5S

154

68

153

50

153-67

153-25

153-33

162-92

153-33

152-83

153-33 1,53-00

153

67

152-33

153

67

152

S3

153

33

152

67

154-08

153-08

154

33

153

S3

164

33

163-92

154

00

153

67

153

67

153

33

153-58

153-16

163-43

163-16

153-83

153-00

154-42 1,53-33

.. 154

00

153-08

153

83

162

67

154

83

152

67

164-83

153 -S3

154

00

153

75

154

00

153-92

154

00

153

42

153

6S

153

00

153-33

152-67

163-17

152-26

152-92

152-25

153-25 , 152-82

153

33

152-42

163

75

151

67

162

92

152

00

153-67

152-67

153

42

154

75

153

83

153-17

153

42

153

26

153

67

153

25

1.53-83

153-16

163-43

152-92

153-83

151-83

154-00 1 163-25

. . 154

83

153-68

164

00

163

33

163

76

1.53

33

154-25

153-75

155

OS

154

17

154

58

154-00

154

25

153

67

153

25

153

33

164-42

1.53-75

152-92

152-33

152-83

152-25

153-16 , 151-75

153

42

152-16

152

68

151

58

153

25

151

67

152-92

152-42

153

25

163

25

153

16

162 -S3

153

OS

152

50

153

33

152

60

152-83

162-42

152-58

152-00

152-75

151-92

153-42

162-16

153

42

152-26

153

00

151

S3

153

26

151

42

154-67

152-25

1,53

92

153

42

153

75

153-25

153

92

153

33

163

75

153

16

153-67

1.53-25

163-83

163-25

153-67

152-10

153-58

152-83

164

68

152-67

154

42

153

33

153

75

153

08

154-75

153-42

154

67

154

16

154

42

154-08

154

33

164

00

164

16

153

67

153-83

153-42

153-92

153-16

153-67

152-92

153-58

152-83

153

83

152-42

153

83

152

67

153

92

153

67

153-92

153-17

1.54

00

153

17

153

83

153-42.

153

76

153

08

163

92

153

67

163-25

1.53-67

152-83

152-08

153-92

152-00

152-92

152-25

152

42

151-83

152

00

150

68

152

00

151

00

152-67

151-33

152

42

152

OS

152

42

152-08

152

67

152

36

152

33

163

08

155-33

152-00

152-42

151-83

152-58

151-83

153-67

161-67

152

96

161-54

152

S3

161

67

152

58

151

83

153-75

152-33

154

00

153

25

153

67

1.53-25

153

60

153

08

153

42

152

92

163-33

152-67

153-00

152-58

153-00

152-33

153 -S3

162-16

154

00

152-75

154

67

153

42

155

00

153

50

154-08

153-17

154

33

153

75

154

00

153-50

153

83

1.53

OS

153

83

153

08

153-25

152-75

153-00

152-54

152-92

152-33

153-76

152-00

. 153

33

152-33

152

16

150

50

152

67

151

67

153-00

152-00

153

50

163

67

152

92

152-67

152

S3

152

75

162

75

153

42

152-75

152-16

152-83

151-67

152-5S

151-83

1 152-83

151-67

1876

153

00

152-33

153

33

152

42

163

08

152

08

154-75

152-67

164

75

154

16

154

58

154-00

154

75

154

00

164

16

153

67

163-93

153-00

153-92

153-16

153-33

152-92

1 164-16

153 00

1877

.. 154

00

152-92

153

00

152

50

152

08

152

58

153-58

163-00

153

42

153

00

153

00

152-75

1,53

16

152

92

163

00

152

75

162-75

152-35

152-60

151-92

152-67

153.16

152-50

152- 16

1878

153

75

162-16

153

00

152

16

163

42

152

83

154-58

153-08

163

76

153

16

163

42

152-92

153

42

153

00

153

50

153

00

163-83

153-00

163-92

152-92

153-33

1.52-83

154-25

163-26

1879

164

60

153-76

154

68

153

42

163

75

153

83

153-75

153-33

153

92

153

26

163

42

1.53-08

153

16

152

93

153

25

152

67

153-00

152-33

162-58

162-25

162-42

151-75

152-67

152-16

1880

163

00

152-42

163

00

152

67

163

42

153

67

153-92

152-75

153

83

153

00

163

42

153-08

153

25

153

93

153

92

152

26

162-83

152-00

152-50

161-83

164-00

152-08

' 153-33

151-83

1881

.. 153

DO

151-33

162

50

150

92

163

10

151

92

153-16

152-42

153

16

162

50

163

08

152-76

163

00

152

83

153

00

152

42

163-58

152-00

152-42

162-00

152-58

152-08

153-83

152-00

1882

. 153

92

152-25

152

75

1.52

00

163

75

152

92

153-83

153-25

153

92

153

00

164

00

153-58

163

S3

153

42

153

75

163

33

153-43

152-83

163-00

152-67

152-92

152-25

153-00

152-00

1883

.. 152

50

151-83

153

50

151

42

153

50

151

83

153-92

152-25

154

16

153

OS

154

17

153-67

154

08

153

76

154

00

153

16

154-00

153-26

153-68

152-83

154-08

153 00

153-93 1 153-00

1884

153

83

152-33

153

50

152

83

164

75

153

83

154-58

154-00

154

92

154

00

154

00

153-67

154

00

153

50

153

58

153

26

153-67

153-17

153-33

152-33

153-92

163-83

153-S3 ! 152-5S

1885

.. 153

92

152-92

153

92

152

92

162

00

150

00

154-17

150-50

153

75

153

35

154

00

153-33

153

83

153

42

153

5S

153

17

163-50

152-83

153-50

153-00

153-92

153-00

154-67 163-26

1886

.. 154

92

153-67

154

67

153

67

154

42

163

83

155-75

154-00

154

50

153

83

164

92

153-83

154

00

153

50

153

83

153

25

163-33

152-92

154-00

152-58

153-58

152-42

164-16 1 163-08

1887

.. 163

83

163-92

154

42

153

00

163

92

163

16

155-50

163-25

154

58

163

83

154

00

153-67

153

83

153

OS

153

25

162

83

153-26

162-75

153-08

152-17

153-00

152-00

i 153-00 1 162-00

1888

.. 163

92

162-83

153

33

160

92

163

00

151

00

153-50

162-83

153

33

163

92

153

17

152-75

152

92

152

75

152

S3

162

60

153-00

162-43

152-67

152-17

153-17

152-25

153-00 1 152-42

1889

.. 163

67

153-25

153

83

150

83

163

33

150

83

153-67

162-83

153

50

163

83

153

S3

153-00

153

92

153

00

153

83

153

00

153-17

153-67

153-17

152-08

153-08

151-58

163-75 1 1.52 60

1890

.. 155

17

153-33

154

00

153

00

164

26

153

92

154-33

163-75

156

17

164

25

154

67

154-00

154

50

153

92

154

00

153

42

164-00

153-35

153-83

152-92

153-92

153-25

154-17 ' 153-25

1891

.. 163

92

153-00

153

75

153

OS

1.54

42

163

26

154-58

163-83

164

76

153

67

153

67

153-25

163

58

153

26

153

42

153

00

163-00

152-67

153-75

152-08

152-83

151-75

1,52-67 151-92

1892

.. 152

68

152-00

152

08

151

08

153

33

161

42

153-83

152-25

153

17

163

25

153

58

152-67

153

92

153

00

153

83

153

17

153-42

153-17

153-00

152-58

153-42

152-25

153-42 \ 162-17

1893

.. 153

00

151-50

161

75

151

33

163

OS

151

50

153 -5S

163-00

164

50

153

00

164

00

153-58

153

S3

153

50

154

00

153

83

164-00

153-00

154-00

152-67

153-17

152-50

153-68 162-42

1894

.. 153

58

162-42

163

00

161

67

163

75

151

60

153-50

151-67

163

50

153

00

153

92

153-25

163

50

153

67

152

83

153

33

162-83

152-33

153-83

151-83

152-83

161-83

163-00 ! 161-00

1895

.. 153

00

162-00

162

92

160

83

152

67

151

17

153-50

152-50

162

67

152

17

152

50

152 00

162

58

151

75

152

92

151

76

151-83

151-33

151-67

161-17

151-67

150-50

163-17 1 151-00

1896

, 152

67

161-33

162

S3

162

67

152

33

151

00

153-83

152-35

162

75

152

33

152

67

152-25

152

42

152

00

153

17

151

S3

15217

151-50

151-83

161-17

151-75

151-00

152-00 i 151-08

1897

.. 151

92

161-33

151

75

151

08

152

50

151

33

153-83

152-25

153

00

163

33

152

S3

152-42

152

93

153

33

162

83

153

35

152-33

151-83

15200

161-33

151-92

15100

162-50 1 151-67

1898

,. 152

33

161-83

162

67

152

17

153

58

152

26

153-00

152-42

162

92

153

58

153

00

152-50

162

75

152

08

152

50

151

83

162-25

151-67

152-35

161-60

151-83

151-33

152-33 161-75

1899

.. 162

16

161-92

162

42

151

50

153

00

151

75

153-43

152-67

153

00

152

50

153

25

162-50

162

92

162

33

152

50

151

83

152-17

151-50

152-08

151-42

162-00

151-25

152-00 1 162-17

1900

.. 152

50

160-67

152

92

151

83

162

42

151

67

153-60

153-26

153

25

152

58

153

33

152-43

152

83

152

42

153

50

152

16

152-42

151-92

162-16

151-50

162-58

151-42

152-50 ' 161-75

1901

.. 152

92

152-25

152

50

152

00

152

75

151

50

163-33

163-33

152

S3

162

16

163

93

152-17

153

67

153

00

153

17

151

83

152-17

151-67

161-92

151-67

161-83

150 S3

152-50 151-17

1902

.. 153

00

152-16

162

33

150

83

153

50

151

16

163-68

151-58

152

58

152

08

152

58

152-16

152

67

162

42

162

75

153

25

152-58

151-75

152-33

161-75

162-16

161-33

162-33 1 151-42

1903

.. 152

75

151-50

152

50

151

00

153

33

152

17

153-36

152-68

152

93

162

58

152

92

152-50

152

92

162

67

152

92

152

33

162-50

152-25

152-33

153-08

152-17

151-33

1 152-92 ' 151-42

1904

.. 153

00

151-58

162

42

151

75

1.53

67

151

67

163-42

152-75

163

33

153

00

153

42

163-08

153

25

153

00

153

17

152

83

153-00

152-75

153-00

163-33

152-67

152-00

152-42 1 151-67

1905

., 152

83

151-92

152

83

151

75

153

00

151

50

153-00

152-17

162

58

162

33

162

75

162-33

153

25

152

58

152

93

153

40

152-67

152-25

152-58

163-17

152-68

1.52 -OS

152-75 151-S3

1906

.. 153

08

152-50

152

75

152

17

152

67

152

08

152-67

152-17

162

58

162

17

163

68

1.52-33

152

58

152

33

163

33

161

92

152-36

151-67

151-92

161-58

152-17

151-17

152-50 151-58

1907

,, 153

00

150-67

153

08

162

17

153

83

151

92

153-68

152-50

163

08

161

93

163

00

162-75

152

93

152

50

163

92

163

43

152-58

161-92

152-67

152-17

152-92

152-08

153-08 : 152-17

1908

, 153-60

152-05

152-83

162-00

1.53-92

152-08

154-17

153-42

154-50

153-58

163-75

1,53-42

163-67

163-33

163-42

162-92

153-08

162-60

152-67

152-00

152-25

151-83

162-17 1 151-67

R. & H
January

24, 1909.

19a-49-50

745

44-3

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

DEPA.BTMENT OF PVBLIO WORKB

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

3 GEORUt v., A. laia .

Table B -Statement giving the data used and tlie method followed in fixing the level of low water at a point on the south shore
lABLb D. QA 6 6 of the St. Lawrence River opposite Cedar Rapids. ^^^^^^___

Year. Day.

1874. . .
1874...
1874...
1874...
1874...
1874...
1874 ..
1874...

1872. . .
1872. . .
1872...
1872...
1872...
1872...

ot

Water on Sill

of

Lock 14,

at

Cedars Wharf. { Valleyfield.

May 20..
21..
22..
23..
24..
25..
26..
27..

,\verage.

Dec.

1904..

1904 .

1904..

1904,.

1904..

1904..

1904,.

1904 .

1904..

1904.

1904,

1904,

1904

1904

1904,

1904

26..
27..
28..
29..
30.
31.

Average.

.\verages .

.Aug.

1909.
1909.
1909.
1900.

7..
13..
17..
28..

6..
10..
15..
19..
24..
29..

5..
10..
14.
22
27'.

1.

Elevation

of
Water

Gauge

Depth

158-45
158-45
158-55
158-55
158-45
158-55
158-65
158-45

158-53

13-17
13-25
13-25
13- 17
13-17
13 17
13-25
13-17

13-20

155-25
155-35
155-25
155-15
155-25
155-35

155-27

Gauge

Cedars
Wharf.

10-83
10-75
10-75
10-67
10-67
10-67

10-72

Tlicse figures establish the relation between fluctuations at Valleyfield Lock and at Cedars Wharf:— 2-48 tcet at the
lock corresponding to 3-26 feet at Cedars Wharf, or, in the proportion ot 1 to 1-31.

Gauge

at

Pointe

Du Moulin.

-0-40
-010
-0-15
-0-15
-fO-15
-0-10
+0 05
-0-20
+0-05
-0-10
+0-45
-0-35
-0-15
-0-45
-0-55
-015

Water Surface
below B.M.
opp. Foot of

Isle aux Noix

These elevations and deptjhs ot water are taken from report ot G. F. Baillairge, C.E., dated Sept. 17, 1874, and relating
to projects for a canal between Lakes St. Louis and St. Francis. The gaugings cover a period ot about 20 months.
But the foregoing short periods have been selected because they cover periods of several days of slight fluctuation
at the highest and lowest stages during the 20 inontlis.

,. 20 Noon.

20 5 P.M.

21 9 A.M
21 Noon.

Average...

3-21
3-25
3-42
3-29

3-29

-0-40
-0-15
-0-10
-0-10

0-00
-0-20

000
-0-20

000
-0-20
+0-40
-0-40
-0-20
-0-^0
-000
-0-20

Depths

on Sill of Lock

at

Valleyfield

1117
11-17
1117
1123

11-18

These readings give the lluctuatione of water surface at Cedars Wharf and at Pointe du Moulin (at the foot ot Cedars

Rapids).
0-00 in each column represents the stage of water on May 30, 1904.
+ is rise above, and — is the drop below that stage.

The readings were not taken each day, but the table includes all the days on which both gauges were read.
Tlie differences range from 000 to 0-15, being greater at Cedars on 6 days and at Pointe du Sloulin on 8 days, with

the maximum diiTerence at Cedars.
This record fairly estabhshes the fact that the fluctuations at the foot of Cedars Rapids are of the same ampUtudfl

as at Cedars Wharf.

The tluctuat ions at Cedars Wharf and at the toot of the rapids being of the same amplitude, the fluctuations at
any point between will be ot approximately the same amplitude, and consequently, the ratio ot 1 to 1-31 will also
apply with reasonable accuracy between fluctuations at Valleyfield Lock and any point between Cedars Wharf and
the toot of the rapids.

These readings were taki n fur the purpose of establishing Low Water Level at a definite point on the south shore
opposite the Cedars Rapids. A point on the stone stable on Lot 13, owned by Andr6 Letebvre, opposite the toot
of Isle aux Noix, was selected, and the vertical distance from this point to Quiet Water Surface in the Small Bay
immediately alongside was noted over a period of 24 hours, and corresponding readings taken on the sill of Valley-
field Lock.

Low water at Valleyfield Lock (9-60 feet on sill) is 1-68 feet below the stage (11-18 teet) ot Jan. 20 and 21, 1909.

Applying the ratio ot 1 to 1-31 to 1-68 gives 2-20 feet as the height of surface at the benclti mark above low water at
that point.

3-30'+2-20=5-50', gives the total vertical distance from the bench mark down to low water in the small bay
immediately alongside the stone stable. This B.M. is 33-91 teet lower than a B.M. on Lock 13, Beauharnois
Canal. See Plan 44-1.

Montreal, January 25, 1909.

747

ROSS and HOLGATE, Engineers.

1^ PUBLIC WORKS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

ollowed ill fixing the level of low water at a point on the south shore
Eliver opposite Cedar Rapids.

3 of water are taken from report of G. F. Baillairge, C.E., dated Sept. 17, 1874, and relating
jetween Lakes St. Louis and St. Francis. The gaugings cover a period of about 20 months.
, periods have been selected because they cover periods of several days of slight fluctuation
est .stages during the 20 months.

relation between fluctuations at Valleyfield Lock and at Cedars Wharf; — 2'48 feet at the
26 feet at Cedars Wharf, or, in the proportion of I to 1 ■!?!.

uctuations of water surface at Cedars Wharf and at Pointe du Moulin (at the foot of Cedars

^ents the stage of water on May 30, 1904.

the drop below that stage.

cen each day, but the table includes all the daj's on which both gauges were read.

n 000 to 015, being greater at Cedars on 6 days and at Pointe du Moulin on 8 days, with

ice at Cedars.

ihes the fact that the fluctuations at the foot of Cedars Rapids are of the same amplitude

i Wharf and at the foot of the rapids being of the same amplitude, the fluctuations at
be of approximately the same amplitude, and consequently, the ratio of 1 to 1-31 will also
ceuracy between fluctuations at Valleyfield Lock and any point between Cedars Wharf and

i; for the purpose of establishing Low Water Level at a definite point on the south shore
{apids. A point on the stone stable on Lot 13, owned by Andr6 Lefeh-\Te, opposite the foot
selected, and the vertical distance from this point to Quiet Water Surface in the Small Bay
le was noted over a period of 24 hours, and corresponding readings taken on the sill of Valley-
Lock (9-50 feet on sill) is 1-68 feet below the stage (11-18 feet) of Jan. 20 and 21, 1909.
131 to 1-68 gives 2 20 feet as the height of surface at the bench mark above low water at

the total vertical distance from the bench mark down to low water in the small bay
le the stone stable. This B.M. is 33-91 feet lower than a B.M. on Lock 13, Beauharnois

<»•

747 ROSS AND HOLGATE, Engineers.

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INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 749

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

APPENDIX "C"

Public hearing on the api)licat.ion of the Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and

Power Company to divert water from the Cedars Rapids in the St.

Lawrence river, for power purposes.
Before the International Waterways Commission, at the office of the American

Section, No. 32S Federal Building, Buffalo, N.Y., on Friday, February

26, 1909.

Present: Canadian Section: Louis Coste, W. J. Stewart.

American Section: Gen. O. H. Ernst, Chairman: E. E. Haskell, Secretary
W. Edward ^^'ilson.

Appearances : For the applicant, Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power
Company: Henry Holgate, Casimir Dessaulles and James W. Domville.

For the Montreal Transportation Company: L. Henderson.

For the St. Lawrence and Chicago Steam Navigation Co: A. A. Wright.

For the Dominion Marine Association; Francis King,.

For the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co; C. J. Smith and George
Batten.

For the Calvin Company, Ltd., H. A. Calvin.

Chairman Ernst: Gentlemen, the secretary would like to get the names
of the gentlemen who wish to address us.

(Secretary Wilson takes names of the gentlemen who apjjear).

Chairman Ernst: Gentlemen, we will hear from the promoters of the
enterprise, first; the engineer, Mr. Henry Holgate.

Mr. Holgate: Well, Mr. Chairman, we had the privilege of appearing
before you a month ago and placed all the information before you then. Would
it be just a review of that information?

Chairman Ernst: Have you your plans here? We will lay those out.

Mr. Holgate: Yes, sir. What I would say now would be simply a repe-
tition, and take up the time perhaps unnecessarily.

(Mr. Holgate produces plans and places them on the table).

Chairman Ernst: These are the same blue-prints you had before?

Mr. Holgate: The identical blue-prints, gentlemen, just a duplicate of
the blue-prints filed with the commission.

Chairman Ernst: It is possible that some of these gentlemen might wish
to hear what you have to say, but we will defer that for the present, if you are
satisfied, and let. it come out at their solicitation.

Mr. Holgate : Just as you wish, sir.

Chairman Ernst: Unless you have something to say for their benefit.

Mr. Holgate: No, sir. I think I gave all the information that I could,
at the previous meeting; but as you say, some of their remarks may call for
further information. But I may read a brief description of conditions which
I have put in writing, so that you may have my views in coneise form. Under
present conditions there is a flow of about 80,000 feet per second passing between
Isle aux Vaches and Pointe des Cedres. It is proposed to cut off from this
flow 56,000 feet per second which eventually will be used for power development
purposes, and the remaining 24,000 feet per second will be diverted, and will
flow to the south of Isle aux Vaches joining the main channel of the river.

The low discharge of water from Lake Ontario in the season of navigation
was in November, 1895, and was 184-847 cubic feet per second or say 185-000
19a— 51

750 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

cubic feet. This would be augmented by water reaching the river below
Lake Ontario, so 190,000 feet may be taken as the low water flow here.

About 3,000 feet flows in the South channel, and the remainder or 187,000
feet would be in the main or North channel. Of this 187,000 there would be
107,000 feet flowing South of Isle aux Yaches, and 80,000 flo\nng north of
the island.

Under changed conditions there ■will be 24,000 feet per second flowing
between Isle aux Vaches and Grande Isle in addition to the present flow, the
figures being 107,000 feet now flo^\'ing and 131,000 flowing after the completion
of the power development and under their maximum operating conditions
which means that the flow in this channel is augmented to the extent of 22|%.

The period of minimum flow of the river corresponds M'ith the low water
stage adopted by us, which is 9-50 feet on the sill of lock 14 at Valleyfield,
and it will be noted that this condition onlj- existed for a few days in November,
when all passenger traffic had ceased on the river, and all navigation ceased
by the 25th of that month.

The depths and levels shown on Plan No. 44-1 are based on a depth on
Valleyfield lock of 10-5 feet which was minimum when Mr. Munro had his
survey made in 1890.

It therefore follows that a reduction of depths and levels from those shown
on plan No. 44-1 must be made to meet the new minimum conditions.

The relation of fluctuations of surface of Lake St. Francis and the waters in
Cedars Rapids is established as shown on Table B to be 1 : 1-31. (See page 747.)

Under existing conditions and using the new minimum there would then
be9-00 — 1-31, or say 7-70 feet of water over La Barriere.

La Barriere is the governing point in Cedars rapids for navigation.

Under proposed conditions there will be a greater volume of water flowing
the channel between Grande Isle and Isle aux Vaches, this will deepen the water
there to an appreciable extent and the effect of this deepening must extend
some distance down stream and will increase the depth on La Barriere, but
how much cannot be stated, at anj' rate it is safe to go as far as to say that the
depth will be increased beyond a depth of 7-70 feet.

By consulting the figures on the tables it wall be seen that the minimum
depth was only reached once in fifty years during the season of navigation and
this was only at the close of the season and was 7-7 feet.

The lowest in any October was 8-6 feet.

" September was 8-8 "

" August was 9-3 "

" July was 9-3 "

" June was 9-8 "

" May was 9-6 "

April was 8-8 "

The next lowest November depth was 8-1 feet and only occurred once
in 50 years, and the depth of 8-4 occurred twice.

The above all refers solely to the Cedars rapids, but as these are only a
part of a succession of rapids, consisting of the Coteau, Cedars and Cascades,
the real question lies in the consideration of the whole series of rapids, and as
to whether the changed conditions will make the Cedars the limiting point
for navigation.

The limiting depth of water in the channel in the Coteau rapids is less
than 7 feet using the 1905 low water stage.

The limiting depth of water in the channel in the Cascades is 7-7 feet.

The Coteau and Cascades rapids will not be affected at all by the proposed
development of power at the Cedars rapids.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 751

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

The development of power to its maximum will not reduce the depth of
water in the chamiel of the Cedars below a depth now ex'sling in the Cascades
or as low as a depth now existing in the Coteau rapids, so that it is plain the
governing depth is in the Coteau rapids and will remain so and constitute the
governing depth for the whole series of rapids.

Chairman Eknst: The Montreal Transportation Company is represented
by Mr. Henderson. Is Mr. Henderson present?

Mr. Henderson: Yes, sir. I think, Mr. Chairman, that our intention was
to have the counsel of the Dominion Marine Association, Mr. King, speak
first to open our case.

Mr. King: With your permission, then, I would say that I appear for
the navigation interests who are opposed to the present proposal.

Under ordinary circumstances we would ask to have the scheme definitely
outlined for us now, but we understand that we are here at the invitation of
the commission to set forth our objections, and we have had the opportunity
of seeing the plans in Montreal. If, however, anything further develops different
from what we have seen in the typewritten reports, we crave leave to have
further opportunity to reply.

Allow me to say in the first place, that after investigation of these jjlans
by the companies, individually interested, a conference took jjlace in Montreal
on the 22nd instant, attended by duly authorized rei)resentatives of the Dominion
Marine Association, which represents practically all the navigation interests
between ^Montreal and the head of the Great Lakes on the Canadian side, atten-
ded by the duly authorized representative of the Montreal Board of Trade,
the French Chamber of Commerce, and the Shipping Federation of Canada,
which represents the shipping from Montreal east and across the Atlantic;
and at that conference unanimous expression of opinion took place in opposition
to the present proposal. I have in mj- hand memorials from the Dominion
Marine Association indicating their position, from the IMontreal Board of
Trade, from the French Chamber of Commerce, and I understand that the
Shipping Federation has sent direct to your honourable commission their resolu-
tion; it has in some way missed us on the way; we are to have a copy of it.

If you will permit me, I think I can perhaps more shortlj' set forth the
matter by reading the memorial and then I would ask opportunity to present
the definite evidence which your commission desires from the practical ex-
perienced men in charge of the vessels which are principally prejudiced, the
Calvin Company, the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, including
their chief pilot, who is absolutely familiar with this matter, and whom we
have here; and the interests of the large freighters, package freighters and
grain carriers who are so intensely interested in the freedom of navigation of
the canals, represented by Mr. A. A. Wright, who was president of our asso-
ciation last year, and is superintendent of one of the largest fleets, and by Mr.
Henderson, whose companj', the Montreal Transportation Company, practi-
cally has the key to the shipment of grain in barges down to Montreal. I would
read in the first place the memorial of the Dominion Marine Association, which
is open to the criticism that it indulges in generalities, but we propose to liack
them up.

19a— .5 U

752 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
(Mr. King reads memorial of Dominion IMarlne Association, as follows : — )

To the Honourable

The Chairman and Members of

The International Waterways Commission:

The Memorial of

THE DOMINION MARINE ASSOCIATION
Humbly showeth : —

1. That in pursuance of the opportunity afforded by resolution of your
honourable commission, your memorialists have caused careful examination to
be made of the plans submitted by the Cedars Rapids ^lanufacturing and Power
Company respecting their proposed works in the Cedars rapids, in the St.
Lawrence river.

2. That the proposed works, if permitted to be undertaken, would very
seriously interfere with the interests of na\-igation on the St. Lawrence, by
diverting water from its present channels; by completely barring other necessary
channels; by overloading and congesting the canal at this point; by entailing
risk of accident in the proposed works and possible blockades and by causing
derangements of present conditions, the consequence of which it is impossible
for expert engineers or others to estimate with any degree of certainty.

3. That it appears that the proposed works would completelj- bar the river
to the Cah-in Company, Limited, whose rafts are obliged to take the channel now
proposed to be closed; and that it also appears that the channel now available
for certain boats of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, Limited,
and others, will be materially altered, or rendered useless, while of course, no
guarantee can be given that other equally satisfactory means of passing the
rapids will be afforded.

4. That while engineers may l)e able to estimate the probable volumes of
water, and the possible or even probable direction and velocity of currents,
experience alone Mill give certain results, or settle the questions of grave import-
ance whether proposed new channels will be safely navigable for the vessels
requiring to use them.

5. That it ha? already been admitted that undertakings by power develop-
ment companies, to meet future emergencies, and to protect or indemnify navi-
gation interests, should not be accepted, and that the jirotection should be
appHed before the development is permitted.

6. That your memorialists have a larger duty to perform than merelj' to
protect the interests of the two companies above named, and that their cases are
cited merely as concrete examples sufficient in themselves to warrant refusal
of sanction for the proposed works, without reference to the other dangers and
difficulties entailed, such as the congestion of canals, the risk of accident to the
works and the chance of blockades, not to mention the various other perils which
can only be foreseen with reference to other cases where navigators are proved
to have suffered by the positive evidence of increased insurance rates.

7. That your memorialists beg leave to refer to various previous memorials
and petitions submitted to your honourable commission, in which thej- have,
through their individual bodies, declared themselves unalterably opposed to
power developments on the St. Lawrence and other rivers which may in the
present or Tuture possibly interfere to any extent with any navigation interests,
and craving leave also to refer again to the well-defined policy already laid down
by your honourable commission that the interests referred to are to be considered
paramount, your memorialists hereby humbly submit that it is abundantly

lyTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 753

SESSIONAL PAPER No. '1'9a

apparent that these interests will be directly and definitely prejudiced and
interfered with by the proposed works, and that the rights of navigators will also
be rendered liable to the other indirect perils and difficulties referred to, and
that therefore the plans submitted cannot be properly given tlie sanction for
which the promoters ask.

Your memorialists therefore humbly pray that the plans and proposals
submitted be not sanctioned by your honourable commission.

And your memorialists, as in dutj' bound, will ever pray.

Signed at Montreal, this 23rd day of February, 1909.

The Dominion Marine Associatiox,

By C. J. SMITH,

President.

FRANCIS KING,

Counsel.

The following resolution from the Shippiiag Federation of Canada was
read:

Whereas, this Federation have examined the plans of the Cedars Rapids
Manufacturing Company in regard to their proposed works at Cedars rapids,
River St. Lawrence, and have also had the opinions of practical men who navigate
the river at these parts, and gather from them that the proposed dam would
change the current at the lower end of Isle Villemomble, besides, reduce the volume
of water that is now required to carry vessels and rafts safely over the rapids,
and have also read the report of the proceedings of the public meeting of the
International Waterways Commission held at Toronto on the 26th January
last; Be it resolved; That the Federation are of the unanimous opinion that
said works would be generally detrimental to the interests of navigation, by
preventing the larger steamers and rafts from navigating the Cedars rapids, and
would recjuire them to use the already congested canals, and that the Federation
respectfully urge the International Waterways Commission to refuse to grant
the application of the Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power Company's
present scheme.

HUGH A. ALLAN,

President.

THOMAS ROBB,

Secretary. ■

Then, ^Mr. King read the memorial of the Calvin Con>pany, as follows:

Memo of objections submitted in support of Dominion Marine Associations
Memorial re Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power Company Develop-
ment.

The Calvin Company object to the proposed power company because it
would completely shut them out from the use of the river at this point. All the
rafts pass between Isle aux Vaches and Pointe aux Cedres. Rafts caimot be
safely navigated via Chute aux Bouleaux.

At rare intervals rafts have been driven to the south side of He aux Vaches,
but are invariably deserted bj- their crews, and allowed to go through the rapids
with more or less breaking up of the rafts.

754 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

We have no hesitation whatever in stating that the damming of the river
at this point means that there will be absolutely no raft navigation of the
river in the future.

This would mean that the rafts would have to be made up of a size suitable
for navigating the canals, and the present yearly volume of rafting M-ould mean
250 to 300 lockages per year, which would seriously delay and inconvenience
other craft using the canals.

The Montreal Transportation Company and other package freight and
grain carriers using the canals, object to this power scheme on the grounds that
it will divert rafts and passenger steamers now using the natural river channel,
into the canals, and in this way increase the traffic and congestion in the canals
without increasing the volume of business do^\^l the St. Lawrence river.

In \'iew of the present increased tonnage dovra the St. Lawrence, which
necessarily will have to use the canals, we do not think that any steamers or rafts
or floats which can now use the open waters of the river, should be diverted into
the canals, but that the canals should be reserved for the increased traffic which
we expect to create between Montreal and the lakes.

We draw attention to the fact that the average time taken bj' tows and
steamers in passing through the canals has increased 20% to 25% in the last few
years on account of the increase in tonnage, and if rafts and passenger steamers
are forced into the canals in addition to increased tonnage the time required for
canalling will be very seriously affected.

Steamers on the Ottawa river where the rafts use canals, are sometimes
delaj'ed six and eight hours, which will illustrate the effect of bringing rafts do'vm
the St. Lawrence canals.

The insurance rates on vessels using the St. Lawrence canals are now 1%
higher than tonnage running to lake and upper points, and will be further
increased if these vessels now using the river are forced into the canals.

The Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company and other passenger and
market Steamers state the following.

The opinion of our gilots is that if a dam is built from He aux Vaches to
Point des Cedres it will increase the velocity and change the direction of
currents, tending to throw the steamer to the southward and into shallow water
at La Barriere.

It is at present very difficult to navigate vessels past He Villemomble and
through Chute aux Bouleaux, and the currents at present at He Bedard (known
to i)ilots as Hog Island) enable them to straighten steamer out and keep her on
her course.

So far as can be judged, the proposed dam which cuts through Hog island
(He Bedard) would have the effect of making it impossible to take steamers
through these rapids. This can be explained by our pilots on the plan made up
by the power company.

In past years the steamer Coluinbian has been ashore in these rapids,
the Barge No. 81 got into trouble at He Bedard, and the Steamer St. Hileene
was lost between He Villemomble and He Bedard.

In addition to the Calvin Company and the Richelieu and Ontario Navi-
gation Companj-, these rapids are navigated by the Ontario and Quebec Navi-
gation Company, the Valleyfield-Montreal Market Line and the Cornwall Navi-
gation Company's steamers.

Life and safety of passengers is the paramomit consideration, and we have
only been able to bring our boats up to the present maximum size and draught,
and navigate the rapids safely from 50 years of experience and study by our
pilots.

[^^ The volume of traffic on the large boats coming down as far as Prescott
necessitated the building of much larger boats for the rapids, and we have spent

INTERNATIONAL WATEP^WATS COMMISSION 755

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

in the last four years half a million dollars constructing boats as large as the
rapids and canals would accommodate to take care of this traffic, and any material
change in the depth of water or currents would put these boats out of commission,
as they have been built to suit existing conditions.

There is barely time to run through the rapids with these fast steamers
under present conditions; that is, steamers leave Kingston between 5 and 6
in the morning, connecting at Prescott with the rapids steamers, which arrive
at Montreal between six and seven o'clock, and if we are obliged to use either
the Cornwall canal, owing to the Long Sault Rapids Power Development scheme,
or the Soulange canal, owing to the development of this Cedars rapids scheme,
we will be unable to maintain our service.

These rapids are possibly the strongest attraction for tourists' travel to
Canada, and this tourist travel has steadily increased, and is still increasing,
until now upwards of 60,000 to 80,000 passengers yearly shoot the rapids.

The life and future of our company depend upon the maintenance of our
through service, and any obstruction to the free navigation of the St. Lawrence
river will practically ruin the business which has taken fifty years to build up.

The Ijeautiful rapids of the St. Lawrence river as a national heritage to
the people of the Dominion of Canada, and as no man, whether expert or layman,
can tell what will be the ultimate effect of such work, we respectfully submit that
the commission should not sanction any scheme which may affect their free
navigation.

The power company call our attention to the fact that they will sign an
agreement to build such works as necessary to preserve the stream as a navigable
river should their works affect it, but what would we do while such works were
being constructed?

It has also been agreed by the commission that such undertakings are un-
satisfactory and should not be accepted ; and that the risk of prejudice to naviga-
tion interests should not be permitted.

The Dominion Marine Association,

By C. J. SMITH,

President.

FRANCIS KING,

Counsel,

Perhaps I might leave that to be elaborated by Mr. Smith and Captain
Batten. The point which will be brought out with reference to the plan, more
accurately, is this: That although they may divert more water into the main
channels south of the proposed dam, and may argue that thereby you are increas-
ing the flow and increasing the facilities for freight navigation, a navigator will
answer at once that you cannot estimate the results and that a vessel must depend
upon currents proved by experience to be absolutely necessary for safe navigation,
otherwise she may never risk passage down through there at all. Only by fifty
years' experience "has the company reached the stage where they can run vessels
down there, by testing this way and that way, for no one has made soundings of
these rapids. It will be stated by this pilot that the only way they can get
through the rapids down there at the present time is by depending upon the
current and they will port the helm hard-a-port at one point, and with a ten foot
rudder, and be absolutely helpless unless he strikes the current to give him a
change in his course.

I would like, in filing these documents, to add the one submitted by the
Montreal Board of Trade, which, after a simple preamble, goes on to say that

756 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

the Board of Trade is not averse to the development of power, water-powers on
the River St. Lawrence, provided that in granting the rights for such develop-
ment, the paramount importance of navigation interests is recognized and that
hose interests are fulh* safeguarded.

(IMr. King reads resolution adopted by the Montreal Board of Trade, as
follows: — )

The Montreal Board of Trade.

Montreal, Feb. 24, 1909.

Montreal Board of Trade, Incorporated 1842.

Thos. CoTi, Esq.,

Secretary International Waterways Commission, Canadian Section,

Buffalo.

Sir, — Referring to your letter of oth instant with regard to the application
of the Cedars Rapids ^Manufacturing and Power Company to be authorized to
divert water from the Cedars rapids in the St. Lawrence river, 1 beg to enclose
copy of the resolution adopted by the covnicil of this board after consideration
of the matter. Pf

The council decided that there was no object in its being represented at
the meeting of the commission, as all that it could say is embodied in its reso-
lution.

I am, sir, your obedient servant,

GEO. HADRILL,

Secretary.

Resolution adopted by the Council of the Montreal Board of Trade at
meeting held on February 24, 1909.

Resolved, that the council of the Montreal Boaril of Trade has considered,
as requested by the Canadian Section of the International Waterways Commis-
sion, the application of the Cedars Rapids ^lanufacturing and Power Company
to be authorized to divert water from the Cedars rapids in the St. Lawrence
river, and has by the courtesj' of the engineers of that scheme studied the
plans of the proposed works and received from the said engineers full expla-
nations of the same, —

That the Board of Trade is not averse to the development of the water-
powers on the River St. La^Tence pro\'ided that in granting the rights of such
development, the paramount importance of navigation interests is recogiuzed
and that those interests are fully safeguarded, —

That the main objections to the proposed scheme are raised by the naviga-
tion interests who state that the probable , lowering of the water on the north
side of the river, which has always been used by rafts, might seriously affect
the rafting business, and further, the possible effect on steamer navigation of
changes in the cross currents at the lower end of Isle Villemomble; and therefore

That the council of the Board of Trade respectfully submits to the Inter-
national Waterways Commission the necessity for exact information on these
two points being procured prior to a decision being arrived at upon the appli-
cation of the Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power Company, to be authorized
to divert from the Cedars rapids.

Certified a true copy,

GEO. HADRILL,

Secretary.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 757

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 193

The resolution of the French Chamber of Commerce, which I shall not
attempt to read, as I am not a Frenchman and it is written in French, which
I may say recites the appointment of a delegation to attend the joint conference
in Montreal, their complete acceptance of the memorial of the Dominion
Marine Association and the complete endorsement of that memorial by the
council of the French Chamber of Commerce.

Then I would ask, if it is the wish of the commission, that Mr. Calvin,
should be heard now to give his experience in regard to the raft business.

Mr. Calvin: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I do not know that I have
anything to add to the short written statement that Mr. King has read. This
is the channel that we have been using between Isle aux Vaches and Point des
Cedres, and 1 might say that we have been using that since 1825. Surely we
ought not to be shut out now. That is a considerable length of time. We
have had timber passing down there season after season without intermission since
the year 1825, and I think so far as the navigation of that part of the river
by raft is concerned, that we ought to know what we are talking about; and
as I have said in the statement already made, once in a great while, perhaps
once in a season, perhaps not oftener than once in two or three seasons, a north
wind or a northeast wind will drive a raft that is floating down there, drive it
around on to the south side of Isle aux Vaches, but in that case when the men
on the raft see they are going that way they get ashore and allow it to come
down through unattended.

Commissioner Stewart: Where does it go?

Mr. Calvin: Down the steamboat channel. And if by luck they can
come pretty close to Isle Villemomble, or they come this way near Isle aux Vaches ,
if it comes close it might come down without hitting; it is more likely to go
through the chute than elsewhere, because the biggest part of the water is down
that M'ay, and if it goes that way it goes all to pieces. This dam here I take
it is put there so as to raise the water here. The result will be that the water
down here will be lower than it is now. Well, this rub down through here,
down this way, the channel comes pretty close to Isle a I'Ail and fairlj' close
to this island, it is comparatively shallow water, comparatively near to Isle
k I'Ail, and close to Isle Villemomble, and so on down, and when we get
down pretty well past Isle B^dard down towards this point we come into the
steamboat channel, and from that on do-wn through the Split Rock and Cascade
the channels are about identical. Along here (indicating on diagram) is shallow
water; no steamboat can come there now; the water is shallow, it is not safe
to navigate; but there, rafts can come through, but they rub the bottom occas-
ionally, it is not an unusual thing; it is the usual thing for a raft drawing three
and a half or four feet to rub, so that any shutting of water off here is going to
stop, because men won't go down that way. I don't think there is anything
to that. I have been down there personally myself with rafts hundreds of
times; I know the river like an open book; I am not talking from somebody
else's experience, or from what has been told me by the pilot, I have been down
there myself hundreds of times, and I know very well that when that dam crosses
there, that rafting down the river is finished.

Commissioner Stewart: Would the new condition here bear on the rafting
through that channel?

Mr. Calvin: Here is an immense volume of Avater going to be shut off.
That is the water that carries us down. That water would go this way; it
is going to set further south; I think more than half the river goes through there.
It seems to me there is an awful volume of water going through there; there is
a terrific current through there north of the island.

758 DEPARTMEyr OF PIBI.IC WdRK.S

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Commissioner Coste: Have jou any statute rights on the river?

Mr. Calvin: I do not know. I may have. I fancy the public has rights
on the river. I am not a la-wyer. It strikes me that the river belongs to the
people.

CoMiUSSiONER Coste: There are certain rivers which under the statute
are termed navigable and floatable rivers. I wanted to know whether you
knew whether the St. Lawrence was.

Mr. Calvin: I am not a lawj-er.

Commissioner Coste: You might know that without being a lawyer.
Do you know that, Mr. King?

Mr. King: I do not want to beg the question. I am not aware of the
existence of a statute. I would say at once that such rights would not neces-
sarily depend on statute. Mr. Calvin's rights, which have existed since 1829,
are such that any commission would desire to protect.

Commissioner Coste: I merely asked the question. It might strengthen
Mr. Calvin's position.

Mr. King: I do not know of any statute.

Mr. Calvin: I am not a lawj-er. I come before the commission asking
for fair play.

Commissioner Coste: There are such things in Canada as a special Act
of Parliament making rivers navigable and floatable in certain cases, such as the
Ottawa and St. Maurice river, that the lumbermen have certain specified rights
on them, the right to navigate with their rafts on these rivers. I merely ask
for information whether such a clause refers to the St. Lawrence, which would
give Mr. Calvin the absolute right, irrespective of what has been done for the
last fifty or seventy years?

Mr. Calvin: Eighty-four years.

Mr. King: The answer I would give is, it applies to such other navigable
and floatable streams of such small character that one could hardly suggest
that —

Mr. Wright: I might say on that point that there is in Canada what is
known as the Rivers and Streams Bill. I have been in the lumber business 25
years before I had anjrthing to do with the vessel business. That has been
carried to the Privy Council. It was originally a dispute between two lumber-
men as to what constituted a floatable stream, and it has been held by the Privy
Council as the law in Canada that any stream dowTi which logs can be driven
is a floatable stream and is free to any one.

Chairman Ernst: Mr. King, will you suggest the name of the next speaker?

Mr. King: I would like the Richelieu and Ontario Company to follow,
as that is a more specific case. Mr. Smith.

Mr. Smith: Mr. Chairman, in the memorial which has been presented,
you have our general objection. At the previous meetings at which we have
attended, the commissioners have suggested to us that we either bring engineers
to support our contentions, or pilots. So far as our company is concerned, it
is not an engineering problem with us. We feel that the burden of proof should
be on the people applying for the privileges which we enjoy. But that we
should present to you practically views by the men who are handling our steamers

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 759

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

and who are known as river pilots, and whose experience is what we go on and
our steamers have been built for years on their recommendations. I have brought
with me Captain Batten, our chief pilot, who has been in our service for thirty-
five years and is in command on that division, to talk to you in pilot's language
as to how he navigates the Cedars. I do not know that I can say anything
further excepting that our desire is, if any power schemes can be developed
without injury to navigation interests, it is certainly to our interest to see them
developed, because we are in the transportation business, both freight and
passengers, and power companies along our route would increase our revenue
and we would be very glad to see them located provided they could be so located
without injury to the different interests. I would therefore simply suggest
that we rest our case on the memorial presented to the Dominion Marine
Association, and I would like you to hear Capt. Batten as to his objections, and
how he navigates that portion of the river.

I would also like the privilege of recalling a conversation at our previous
meetings as regards canalling. I was asked whether in the Long Sault develop-
ment, provided we had to go through the canals, if I couldn't get to Montreal
the same day. We have shown and set forth in our memorial that in order to
get to Montreal by dayUght, which is absolutely necessary, that we have to
leave at five or six o'clock in the morning, and even then it is very difficult at
times, with head winds or heavj- weather, and we frequently miss the connection.
To do that at the present time we run the Long Sault in thirty-five minutes.
The present canal regulations would force us to take three hours. Those are
the time Hmits that we can go through the canal, and I do not think if they
shortened that time limit that we could operate in less. As to our time card in
canalling after our years of experience we amend that time card from year to
year, according to new conditions and changes. Our time card running the
canals west bound lengthen out as I say from year to year to take advantage of
practical experience, and will vary anywhere from three to five hours. There is
no guarantee that you can maintain the time card of the canal. Therefore to
force the Richelieu boats to go in any of the canals would cut out our rapids
business entirely; in fact, if we were obliged to go through the Montreal canal
on account of the Long Sault or the Soulanges on account of the Cedars, our
boats would not get into Montreal that night at all.

Captain Batten may bring out the depth of water there; I presume he will;
but in looking over the report of the proceedings held at Toronto January 25,
it was stated by Mr. Holgate — this is just in general, I may be wrong; but as I
infer, it says that the Richelieu boats draw five foot five. Certain of the Rich-
elieu boats draw seven foot five. In fact, we haven't got a boat to-day, that
is, of the new boats, than can operate on five feet five water.

Commissioner Stewart: The ones that are operating through the Cedars?

Mr. Smith : They draw anywhere from seven foot to seven foot five and six.

Captain Batten : You cannot run a boat with the amount of water she is
drawing.

Mr. Smith: The draught is seven feet six; depends on conditions. The
steamers that we ran 15 or 20 or 25 years ago, small steamers, drew less water,
but the steamers we are running to-day, as I say, we have brought them up by
experience to their maximum and these steamers are built on draught and what we
might call freak construction, but they are just built purely and solely for that
business on our experience of 50 years, and to change the existing conditions
naturally would affect those steamers, because they have been built to operate
under the conditions which did prevail and which we understand are within
our rights. I understand there is some question to be brought up as to whether
these streams are navigable. As far as we are concerned, they are navigable.

760 DEPARTMENT OF PVBLiC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Commissioner Stewart: In what way?

Mr. Smith: A navigable stream is a stream that joii can navigate, and we
do navigate it. Boat.s have gone up the Long Sault rapids on the south shore.

Commissioner Stew.4.rt: Oh, they go up the south channel?

Commissioner Coste: I understand, Mr. Smith, that Mr. Holgate's state-
ment as to the draught of your vessel was taken from your own evidence in the
Long Sault rapid investigation.

Mr. Smith: As I say, I may have said that our boats drew five foot five.
If I did, I beg to correct the statement. That was the old Prescutt. I am not
a practical navigator. As C'apt. Batten says a l)oat that is drawing five foot
five, she would draw more water when loaded and under certain conditions,
winds, coal and trim.

May I ask that Captain Batten be heard and that he go over the plans
the same as Mr. Calvin did, and note his objections.

Captain Batten: Mr. Chairman, and gentlemen, I would like to just
point out on the plans. I don't know that I can say anything that would give
you any information.

Mr. King: Perhaps you might indicate to the commission the channel
now taken by your boats. In referring to any location on the plan, name the
location so that the stenographer may take it down in his notes; name the island
or channel.

Captain Batten : Those French names we cannot pronounce. We call
this Cow Island. This is supposed to be the steamboat channel now marked
on the plans. Of course that runs pretty straight to what we really run. Here
is the waj' we come across here. We head on this island, this Isle aux Vaches;
we head on that; of course we have certain marks down here we steer.

Commissioner Stewart: Are there two islands there, or only one?

Captain Batten : Two.

Commissioner Stewart: There are two on the ground, are there?

Captain Batten: This water comes down there. I never noticed the div-
ision there. There is another small island up here, but the water comes down
through here. This is the place here that you haven't got much time to look
around to find out what to do, navigating around through the rapids and out
in the river is two different things; we come down here, the current strikes us
and swings out here; you put your wheel over and we swing down, and cut over
and come down opposite this island Isle k I'Ail, when we get here we are heading
on the south island and the current sets us in. That is just probably wide e ough
for us to get through, it is all we can do; we can go slow there, check the boat
through there. I have touched on that several times, if the wind blowed hard
from the south, it is almost impossible to get through without touching.

Commissioner Stewart : Have you ever touched on the south side?

Captain Batten: Yes, touched the stern.

Mr. King : Touched on both sides? •

Captain Batten: Yes. A boat drawing seven feet two of water, you take
a wind, you come in the shelter of the island, the wind catch you and you list,
your bilge is down eight feet and a half on a flat bottom boat.

IXTf:RNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOS 761

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1Sa

Mr. King: These boats are all built with the least possible draught?

Captain Batten: Yes, sir. And she would list coming around here. In
here this is all shallow water. I was on there five weeks and I know it all around
there; spent my holidays in the fall of the year. Out here it is shallow water.
All along here south of the channel we depend on a current to drive us in here, to
bring our stern out here. When we get past that main land, this is the Chute
aux Bouleaux down here, coming down here is where the stern don't follow the
bow; you go down sideways.

Mr. King: Approaching the Chute aux Bouleaux?

Captain Batten: Yes sir. Steering it going down that way, you have
got her on full speed; here they say there was lots of deep water; we struck
there twice last year with high water. If that was a place you could take her
down and go slow, you might not touch, but shallow water and you running
full speed, this displacement puts the water out and lets your boat down, but
it is impossible to check there, if you would head up there to get away from
the Chute aux Bouleaux. At the foot of the island is a big eddy, of Isle Ville-
momble, there is a heavy eddy; when we get there the eddy catches the bow
and there is a current out here, and with the current about that shape, you
put the wheel hard-a-port, you run onto here, leave your wheel hard-a-port,
it is what we call beam current directly across there to push her out; also there
is a heavy current running through here that way that when we straighten there
coming down that way, as we call old mills in here, she comes over bodily into
the current. If that current there was interfered with, I know it is impossible
to take down through the rapids; you can't strengthen the current, because
it comes straight across. If you go to convert that any way so as to come on
her quarter, I know well enough that she will go through there. To prove that,
I was going down with a Standard Oil boat, barge 81, towing with a tug, with
a good towing machine on. The tug was pretty well out to Chute aux Bouleaux
right straight across going down broad side. This boat here was hard-a-port
and had a chock line on so as to keep the line up tight, and when we was in there
she pulled around and came alongside of there, and she was ten days there, so
I am pretty well familiar with waters down there. So that even if the water
wasn't interfered with, the height of the water, the change of the current would
make it impossible for the boats to navigate there, and I doubt very much whether
when we get down here, when this flood of water comes through here, or inside
of the dam, I doubt whether we can make our turn anyway. It is a short turn.

Commissioner Coste: Supposing the eddy was done away with, wouldn't
that be an improvement to navigation?

Captain Batten : How would you do away with that? If it was as strong
as it is to-daj', you remember the wheel is hard over from here to here ; until
this current gets here I haven't slacked my wheel until the other current is
going to get it. It is a steam steering gear.

Commissioner Coste: Supposing you build works in this way?

Captain Batten: I think that would increase the eddy.

Commissioner Coste: The idea is that you require the existing current
north of Isle du Moulin.

Captain Batten : Yes, sir. The current is going to increase the strength
of the current around here, therefore it would be still stronger up here.

Commissioner Coste: The current through here catches your stern?

762 DEPARTMENT OF PVBLIV WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Captain Batten: Yes, sir.

Commissioner Costb: And you want the current on your bow to counteract
that?

Captain Batten: Yes, sir. You still run on that way with a hard-a-port
wheel until that current catches, until you pull over. We depend on that for
steering.

Commissioner Coste: That current comes straight down the river that
way.

Captain Batten: It wouldn't do any good at all because it is straight
across; it has more power going out here than there.

Commissioner Coste: The water comes through the north channel — this
is the main land.

Captain Batten: Yes, sir.

Commissioner Coste: This is a very shallow pool?

Captain Batten: Yes, sir; comes down over there a regular hill, and also
a strong current there.

Mr. Wright: If this current was going down straight and you came down
as you say with your vessel across the current.?

Captain Batten: We turn up head stream.

Commissioner Coste: This current would strike you; j'ou come in here.
Supposing we did away with that eddy.

Mr. Henderson: You would only change the location of the eddy.

Commissioner Coste: No, because the current would be confined there.
This work, this new work which the people propose is doing away with the
current coming from the north, so that the current would come from west to
east and then meet the current that also is going there. There would be no
eddy there.

Captain Batten: There wouldn't be a great deal. That would strengthen
the current here to drive us off the island. You could get hold almost down
there; you have got to get in as close as you could get. If you put more current
there it would go out here and the boat would be lost. I have seen the rock
there a thousand times myself. It is a regular hill.

Commissioner Coste: Supposing we do not put any more water over the
Chute aux Bouleaux and take water away from this channel there, it takes it
away from this channel .

Captain Batten: If you don't change the condition of things there.

Commissioner Coste: We change the condition of things there, but not
here, so that you navigate this channel in the way that you do at the present
time; then you have to pass that eddy here before this current from the north
strikes you, to put your boat in the right direction; suppose we did away with
that eddy and still had a current going this way. You understand what I
mean?

Captain Batten: How far would you propose building down here?

Commissioner Coste: Build it to this point.

IXTERXATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 763

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

Captain Batten : How far would that be?

Commissioner Coste: About 800 feet. It is 400 feet to the inch; about
800 feet, so as to bring it to a point where the two currents, the current to the
north channel and the current to the south channel, would meet.

Captain Batten: I do not think you can do that, because this current
comes off here. You remember this place is pretty narrow; there is no water
here. If we ever get out to that fall, that ends it.

Mr. Henderson: How is the water south of the channel here?

Captain Batten: There is no water. This is all rough water.

Commissioner Coste: If they extend this island out here and you come
down broad side, that will put your stern on that shore.

Captain Batten: I feel confident that couldn't be done. There is bound
to be an eddy, no matter what you do, there is bound to be an eddy.

Mr. Henderson : Is it the eddy that bothers you, or coming down stream?

Captain Batten: It is both, the current and the eddy.

Mr. Henderson: It throws you up into the eddy?

Captain Batten : There is a direct current here, and you can't stop a
boat in it.

Commissioner Coste: That wouldn't keep you from throwing the stern
on.

Captain Batten : It would strengthen the current; any water that is
diverted around here is going to assist our stern to turn around.

Commissioner Coste : Suppose we ask the company to build a dam follow-
ing this river 1,000 feet long; what effect would that have on the channel?

Captain Batten: I don't know.

]SIr. Wright: It would strip your wheel. That is easily understood.

Captain Batten : I don't think it is possible to do it.

Commissioner Coste: Your wheel will never touch these things. Your
boat will remain in the middle of the channel and be carried by the current.

Captain Batten: Oh, no sir. This boat is a twin screw boat.

Mr. Wright: It is well understood by any one navigating, Mr. Chairman,
that a vessel going down stream with the current, that the current has more
effect and will carry the stern faster than the bow; that is well understood, and
it is so well understood that the principle is incorporated in the pilot rules on the
Great Lakes giving the vessels going down the stream the right of way over the
vessel going up, because you can't handle it. If you stop any vessel in the cur-
rent she will carry up stream. If you put anything along that side, the stern of
the vessel will be carried by that current up against it. A sidewheel boat will
break her paddle wheels. -A twin screw boat will strip her propellors and throw
her wheel up there. By building this up here you would shorten this. This
allows the stern to come down and the boat's bow come up here. The captain
turns to come toward this point, he is carried way down here and still the current
is carrying his stern down, and if you don't give him this current, to straighten up
to enable his rudder to come around, his boat has got to go around. In two

764 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

or three'different cases I had to stop our starboard wheel and back her up to
get her out. If you reduce that current at all, it is impossible for us to run down
there with the steamer Rapids King.

Chairman Ernst: You say the flow of the body of the river is this side?

Captain Batten: Yes.

Chairman Ernst: The main flow?

Captain Batten: Yes, that is the body.

Chairman Ernst: Some one said a little while ago that the main body was
there.

Captain Batten : I think the majority goes down there, but this is thesteam-
boat channel, but I think there is more water going that side.

Chairman Ernst: What I infer from that, that this water crosses the river.

Captain Batten : Many a time I have rowed from here to there. (Indicating
a map from Isle a I'Ail to Isle aux Vaches). This is all dead water. In order to
change that current it is bound to go further out; I don't think there is any doubt
about that.

Chairman Ernst: Suppose you shut this off.

Captain Batten: Yes.

Chairman Ernst: That comes down here. What is there to throw it over
there?

Captain Batten: There will be that water coming down here.

Chairman Ernst: Because this goes through here.

Captain Batten: Yes.

Chairman Ernst: And instead of going over there, why shouldn't it go
over there?

Captain Batten : It can't go down there. The water runs right to there
and then swtches off. I have been around there. I can row from that island to
there.

Commissioner Coste: Oh, there is no water comuig from this channel this
way.

Captain Batten: When it gets down here?

Commissioner Coste: I am speaking of the new conditions of affairs when
this is shut off, there is no water going through there?

Captain Batten: No, sir.

Commissioner Coste: Why isn't this volume discharged down this side of
that Isle aux Vaches verj^ much increased?

Captain Batten: It might be a little, but I don't think so. I think the
bulk of it will go off that way.

Commissioner Stewart: The level is reduced here; it will have to draw
something that way in spite of it.

Chairman Ernst: This impulse that it has in this direction across the river
is taken away.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 765

SESSIONAL PAPER No. V9a

Captain Batten: That comes out here and is in the same level as this here
pretty much until it gets]here; there is hardly any water there now; I have seen
the raftslaground. ^j.jm^U^M'M^m^^^i::S^^M^SM ... W^

Commissioner Stewart: If half of the water of the river goes down there
and that is so very shallow it can't get through, a great deal must go that way.

Captain Batten : Yes, sir.

Mr. Wright: That will increase the amount of current, catching your
vessel's stern and throw it up stream.

Mr. Henderson: The chairman stated when this dam went across here
there was no water here. Won't there be a tremendous amount of water coming
through here? I understand there is practically about a third of the total water
is going to be used by this water-power; now, that must necessarily decrease the
volume going do^vn the other side.

Commissioner Stewart: No, they won't take all the water, won't go
through the canal; it will go down here.

Mr Smith : Do you know where it will go? Can you tell me where it will go?

Commissioner Stewart: No. Except it goes through —

Captain Batten: It runs across this v^y, up around here. I have often
rowed from there to there every day, I rowed across there to go to the Cedars and
go to the island. Of course there is current but not enough to speak of. There
is a big eddy there now, and I think it will be still greater.

Mr. Henderson: — You talk about as to whether this current will run
straight down after this is built. I have been connected with the Montreal
Transportation Company 25 years, and we know the so-called improvements
made at the canal entrances on the St. Lawrence river, and the engineers said
it would improve it, and in most cases the entrances are worse to-day than they
were twenty years ago, showing that no engineer can tell. He may experiment
and he can plan, but he can't say what effect the running of a bar out into the
current is going to have on that current; it very often goes just the very contrary
to what the engineer expected; practical experience has shown that. Therefore
we claim that no engineer to-day can tell what effect that dam is going to have
there, and until he can demonstrate to us and show us that we are going to have
a good navigable channel, that should not be built.

Mr. Wright: Past experience has proved it.

Captain Batten : I feel confident that the change of current, any conditions
changed there, it is impossible to go down. I have been running there nearly
every day, I average four or five days a week in the summer, I have been 35 years
comiected with it. There was Lachine rapids, the engineer said — we grew up
with the first part of the dam that was built, and then it was very difficult to get
down, had trouble with ice in winter, and they increased the length of the dam.
I made two or three trips. And even to-day I consider the danger is 25 per cent
more on Lachine rapids than previous to the dam. Previous to the dam the
water at the gate always ran south and we were prepared for that. Understand,
Mr. Chairman, she was prepared for the boat to take a sheer. Now when you
come it has formed an eddy, the current runs one way and there is nothing to
tell us when that eddy is changed; we all come there prepared, watching the boat
every time, you don't know whether she will run north or south. Our boats are
deep on the bottom for that, so I think the same thing will occur right here.

Mr. King: If there are no specific questions to be addressed to Captain
Batten, I would ask that Mr. A. A. Wright, president of the association last
year should now speak for the heavy interest and^would cover various points
19a— 52

766 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

that have not been specifically put in our memorial. Mr. Henderson's interests
are practically identical.

Mr. Wright: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, on behalf of the bulk of the
heav"}- freighters I would go a little further in my objections, or rather iu our
objection to this scheme than have been touched on yet. We take the ground
that the freight navigation in the St. LavsTence is an inalienable right of the
citizens of Canada and the United States. The waterways to the sea are free
to the citizens of both countries. I am not sure, but I think the United States
have treaty rights on the St. Lawrence the same as we have. Now, the whole
country tributarj- to the Great Lakes from the head of Lake Superior west,
and west of Lake Michigan, as well as western Canada, is all depending on the
rates made bj^ our vessels from the head of Lake Superior to Montreal for their
freight rates to the seaboard. The rates to-day are made by the vessels naviga-
ting the St. Lawrence canals. Now, to follow out what this may mean, starting
to dam the St. LavvTence, we claim that no government which happens to be
in power, either in the United States or in Canada, for a short space of time,
the term of years they are elected for, have the right — thej^ may have the power,
but thej' haven't the right, to take something which belongs to all the citizens,
and give it to some one or a number of citizens for their personal profit. That
is the first ground we take. Again we take the ground that the whole onus of
proof that navigation will not be Interfered with rests entirely on the promoters
of any of these schemes. The opinions as to the effect of dams on currents
given by engineers are not evidence, because they are incompetent to show as
to what the effect of these dams will be on currents. Men who earn their living
piloting boats in currents are the only men, we claim, who are authorities on
the effect of currents on navigation. Now, all the pilots on that river are unani-
mous in believing that any interference v\ith the present locations on the river,
the present channels, v\ill make it practically impossible for any companj' to
run passenger steamers on that river. Now, it would not be enough in our
opinion, ev'en if these power companies were to buj' out the rights of ev'ery
individual who is operating on that river, because you or any otlier man has
the right or power to put a line of vessels on that river and can claim free navi-
gation of that. Under the Rivers and Streams Bill, which was an original
dispute as to what was a floatable river, one individual built a dam on a small
stream to improve his facilities in floating logs. Another operator who owned
timber above that came along and wanted to driv^e through that improv^ement
and pay for their use. He admitted that it was an improvement. The builder
of the dam refused, and it was fought through the courts, and the Ontario Govern-
ment passed this Rivers and Streams Bill and it was then fought through to
the Privy Council, and it was held there that no one had the right to interfere
with any other man's right to use a navigable stream. So that we claim that
the Calvin Companj-, the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, or any
other navigation company now existing or that may hereafter exist, have an
inalienable right to the free use of that river as it is. Now, on the other hand
as it affects individuals and the men now operating on the riv'er, take it as it
will affect the freighters, in 1889 there v^•ere ten canal sized boats and smaller
ov^iied in Canada, operating and carrying grain from Fort William. To-day there
are about seventy-five, and that is in ten years. Ten years ago there were
probably one or two boats trading through from Fort William to Montreal.
To day there are 25 Canadian boats, and there are several United States vessels;
one line, the Great Lakes and St. LawTence, I believe, have ten vessels that have
operated through to IMontreal, besides a large number of vessels carrying coal
from Lake Erie ports down to Quebec, and carrying pulp wood back for United
States paper mills. It is a natural inference that that grov\^h will continue; all
you have to do is to look at the growth of the United States trade through
the Soo Canal in the last 25 years, the development of the Canadian Govern-

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 767

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

ment, the opening up of iron ore mines and the development of the Canadian
West is only now beginning, and this annual growth which has been main-
tained steadily for the last ten years is bound to continue. Now, what will
be the result? If you interfere with the free running of the St. Lawrence by
rafts or any other boats that can now run, you have got to divert them into the
canals. That will create a congestion even at the present time. What will
it be in 25 years, to say nothing of what it will be in 50 years? I think I am
perfectly safe in saying that the present canal system on the St. Lawrence in
less than 50 years will probably have to be diverted. Now, then if these rights
are granted to power development companies — supposing you grant them on
one rapid, you have no good reason for not granting them on another, until
you have every rapid on the St. Lawrence blocked up with power companies.
Then you will put the traffic on the St. Lawrence out of business; you will put
the rafts or anything else and the increased tonnage into one lot, and then when
you come to duplicate them you will be getting this situation which exists to-day
at the Soo where the United States Government granted rights to power com-
panies which have held up the construction of a third canal I believe now for
three years, and I do not know yet just what arrangements the United States
Government are being able to make; I understand the War Department has
condemned the power, but it may cost the United States people a large sum of
money to get back the right which they gave away. Now why should we take
the risk of giving away rights wliich may have to be purchased back in future
years, and hamper the commerce of the countries which every citizen of both
countries has estate in, for the benefit of private corporations?. Now, it may be
claimed that it is a good thing to develop water-powers. Granted. But there
are places where it should be granted, and where it should not. Now, if, after
all other water-powers have been developed and it is found for the requirements of
commerce that it is necessary to develop these water-powers on the St. Lawrence,
it should only be granted and controlled by the governments of the two countries
for the benefit of all the people, and not for the benefit of a few individuals.

Now, I have said that the onus of showing to this commission without
any question of doubt that navigation interests or the interests of the public
will not be interfered with rests entirely on the promoters of all of these schemes.
We have I think shown in the only way it can be shown, by the opinions and the
experience of the men who make their living by navigation. We have no grudge
against power development companies, only so far as it is going to interfere
with the means of our livelihood. And I claim that so far they have not shown,
and it is practically impossible for them to show it, because as proved by the
present St. Lawrence canals, as well as by the Soo canals, engineers cannot
estimate the effect of a current. Take the Soo Canal, the Canadian Soo canal,
it was supposed when that canal was designed that they had discovered a method
that they could put water into that lock quickly without disturbing a vessel. Now,
even with that method they broke chock, tore right in two a big rub chock, which
shows that they haven't been able to estimate current. Take the St. Lawrence
canals, to say they have proved conclusively, and vessel owners are paying for it,
that the franchise granted to the power companies along that canal is costing
the Canadian vessels alone, the freight vessels, practically seven cents per ton
on all the freight they are carrying through those canals, in extra insurance over
and above the insurance rates on vessels using the Welland canal where the
power is not developed to the same extent. We were always assured by every
one of the promoters and all the engineers that those power developments would
not in any way interfere with navigation, and they agreed they would see that
they did not, and this is the result, that it costs vessels seven cents a ton on their
vessels from Prescott to Montreal. There is one per cent per annum on the
full value of your vessel navigating from Prescott to Montreal, and that has
only been put on within the last year or two as a result of^the experience of

768 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

underwriters repairing damages sustained by boats in those currents. The
point is this: You are developing power on one side of the canal; the boat comes
along here, the captain comes along, he believing there is a swift current here
and he allowed for that, or didn't allow for it, and got into trouble, and the next
time he comes along they aren't using all the power and there is no current
making as may be shut down, and he allowed for it and gets caught. So that
where power is being developed it is absolutely impossible for any navigator
to tell current is going to meet. When he is dealing with the natural condi-
tions he knows if it blows from the north, west, south or east, it will come a
certain way at a certain point. When they are using power he cannot tell,
because he doesn't know how much power they use, and he is coming along
night and different times and he cannot tell what that current is going to be when
he comes to it, so that that shows conclusively to my mind, and I trust to the
minds of this commission, that whenever you interfere with natural conditions you
are putting up conditions that no navigator can foresee, and past experience has
proved it, because vessels using it are paying for it and they will pay more,
because there have been heavy damages incurred during the past j'ear, and the
underwriters are not in business for their health. Whenever they are paying
heavy losses on any particular location, they simply increase the rates there.

Commissioner Stewart: Did the Marine Association protest against that
power development in the Soulanges canal, the one that is just completed now?

Mr. Wright : I do not think we had any opportunity. We have protested
against every power development that we had notice of.

Commissioner Stewart: It is very funny, in going up and down there
that you did not know this was going on.

Mr. Calvin: The power was given before we knew anjd:hing about it.

Mr. Smith: I might call your attention to the fact that a power scheme
I understand has been granted to the syndicate called the Robert Syndicate.
They are given the right to the Beauharnois canal; they are given the canal
to develop 8,000 horse-power with the right to take 80,000 more horse-power
out of this stream

Mr. Wright: Mr. Chairman, we have, since I have been connected with
the Marine Association, asked our government to always allow us to be heard
before any of these franchises are granted. We have occasionally had notice,
but more often we have found that the franchises have been granted, or that
they have been granted years ago under some franchise that has not been oper-
ated and they are simply granted the permission to go ahead, and when we do
get notice from the government, it was usually so short we couldn't get people
together and when we did as a rule they said we didn't know what we were
talking about, the engineer said this and that, and that settled it; we weren't
supposed to know anything about our own business. They assumed in every
instance that engineers could say more about what the effect of currents and
conditions would be than men who earn their living that way.

I think I have covered most of our objections, and I do not wish to take
up the time of the commission any more. If they have any questions to ask,
I will be very glad to answer any questions ; and I may say further that we
appreciate the changed condition which this commission has made in dealing
with this matter over what our own governments have done, because in every
case here we have had, as I understand from the secretary, notice of when
hearings would come on in this matter, and I wish to thank the commission
for their courtesy in that matter and I hope that our statement of the case will
have their consideration.

Commissioner Coste: Mr. Wright, do you deny to the government the
right to improve the St. Lawrence river?

IXTERKATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 769

SESSIONAL PAPER No. lOa

Mr. Wright: No, sir. We desire the government to improve the St.
Lawrence river; but the whole quetstion is, what constitutes an improvement?
We claim that this is not an improvement, but that it is an absolute injury to
the St. LawTence river and to the rights and interests of the citizens of Canada
and the United States. That is our position.

Commissioner Coste: Who is to be the judge of that?

Mr. Wright: As far as it affects navigation, I claim that the only men
who are competent to say are the men who are earning their living by navi-
gation, not engineers who have had no experience and could not take a vessel
down that river if thej' were given the vessel — and if I owned a vessel on the
river I would be willing to give it to any of them if they would insure her, to
let them prove their knowledge of the effect of currents.

Commissioner Coste: Under the improved conditions?
Mr. Wright: Under the improved conditions.

Commissioner Coste: Who is to be judge as to whether a piece of work
by the government is an improvement or not?

Mr. Wright: The onlj' thing we can judge by is past experience, and
our experience in the past without exception has been that the engineers have
always been mistaken in their predictions of the effect of changes in the current.

Commissioner Coste: In other words, the best thing is that the govern-
ment had better not touch the river.

Mr. Wright: It is nothing of the kind. Supposing there was some place
where there was a rock in this channel, if they could take it out, that would
be an improvement to the river. But when you attempt to put in dams and
grant franchises which probably are given away for nothing and which would
have to be bought back, you would be met with what we are always met with
when vessels' rights are demanded, that the innocent investors had put their
money up and we cannot interfere with that, we have got to pay them back.
Why should they take something which is the propertj^ of every citizen of the
United States and Canada and give to a private corporation and take the risk
of jeopardizing or injuring the interests of all the people, and then have to buy
it back?

Mr. Henderson: I would like to say a word or two on Commissioner
Coste's question to Mr. Wright a few minutes ago, as to whether the govern-
ment should improve the St. Lawrence river?

As representing probably the company owning the largest tonnage operat-
ing on the St. Lawrence river, I would like to say this, that we are heartily in
sympathy with the government making alterations or improvements to the
river channels, and we heartily thank the government for the work that they
have done in the past. At the same time we have always contended that the
government in starting these improvements, in making their plans for these
improvements, that the government would do well if they would have their
engineers consult with the river pilots, the men who are piloting the boats and
who are thoroughlj' conversant, who have been brought up from deck hands
until they became masters of their vessels, because these men have always
started in as deck hands or wheelsmen on their boats and gradually worked up
and spent their lives on the St. Lawrenew river, and we have always claimed
that the engineers would do well to consult these men when they were making
their plans. Unfortunately they have not always done that, and the result
has been largely due to not consulting pilots, that mistakes have been made.
I think the Department of Public Works and the Department of Railways and
Canals will admit that engineering mistakes have been made on the St. Law-
rence. We give the government credit for rectifying the mistakes. Ifmight

770 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

mention one case in point, one of a number. The improvement between the
head of Kerchen Canal and Prescott some two years ago they endeavoured to
improve that chamiel; they built the north channel. Mr. Stewart and Mr.
Coste probably know about the north channel. After the north channel was
built our pilots after first experience or two were afraid almost to navigate that
channel ; it was a very difficult channel ; in fact, to-day, instead of taking from
four to six barges down in tow between Prescott and the head of the canal,
we do not attempt to take over three barges down through the north channel.
And our pilots at that time said the government engineers were making a mis-
take; their channel looks nice on paper, it is a perfectly straight channel almost
as to crow flies, it is very nice; it is an expensive work; they are certainly not
trying to save money; but they created a cross current which made it very
difficult to enter that. They improved that channel afterwards by running
out a long pier on the west end of it; they certainly improved it over what it
was at first. But what are they doing to-day. Thej' have decided that the
north channel even with the improvements is not a good channel and they have
barges at work — did have last summer, and will have barges at work I suppose
next summer digging a channel along and around the north side in exactly the
spot where our pilots said the original channel should have been built.

Chairman Ernst: I believe that completes the list of the names that have
been given to me. Do the members of the company care to say anything
further?

Mr. Calvin : I was going to suggest that so far as we are concerned we would
be relieved if this dam (indicating on map dam connecting Isle aux Vaches with
mainland) was not built. That would I suppose lessen the head of water, but
would give them an immense water-poMer. I do not pretend to say whether
they have a right or haven't a right to the water. I am thinking now about the
navigation of our rafts. That would not be interfered with if that was left as it is,
if this dam from Isle aux Vaches to Pointe des Cedres was not built, if we didn't
have any obstruction there between these two points, between Pointe des Cedres
and Isle aux Vaches. We are imder contract now for this season, this approaching
opening of navigation we are under contract to navigate that. Where are we going
to if that is blocked? We have undertaken to continue this work for the year
1909 the same as we did in 1908, and previous j^ears, and all we ask for is fair play.

Mr. Smith : Mr. Calvin ha^^ng stated that possibly by not making that dam
there, that he could get along. I feel that you should hear from Captain Batten
as to how it would affect the Richelieu Company from a practical standpoint.

Captain Batten : It is hard to say. There is one thing. I would like to ask;
What protection have we when commg through Bacot Hayes down here? This
is the mainland. This is all shallow water both sides below this. This is north-
east of it. The main land runs here. Our channel goes down there and we take
a short cut. We put our wheel hard-a-port. That water comes from there,
south.

Commissioner Coste: You come around here and you shoot that way.

Captain Batten : That is Bacot Hayes. There is our channel through here.
There is a cut there. Now, if this current is coming down here, this is all
shallow on both sides. That is the only cut the whole river across that you can
get through from one shore to the other, just one little cut there, and the main-
land here. We are only about 200 feet from the main shore.

Commissioner Coste: You take the north channel?

Captain Batten: Yes. There is not enough water there for us.

Commissioner Coste: There is 19 feet, 16 feet, 14 feet.

lyTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 771

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Captain Batten : I will guarantee that there isn't five feet and a half in the
south channel. I have sounded that fifty times, that is, the old channel. As
we used to say, it would go over the hill. You come right down through, you
come on the main line there, the effect is going to be here, all down here is all
shoals. That is going to be a serious matter to get out there. It is all we can
do to get out now.

Mr. Smith : What would you do, supposing you were coming down here when
this was running?

Captain Batten: We don't know what we would do.
Mr. Smith: You don't know what effect that would have?
Captain Batten : No, sir.

Mr. Smith : Supposing you came down to-day and that was running and
you found it put you ashore, and the next time j'ou came down it wasn't running,
the next day.

Captain Batten : You don't know what would be the effect?

Mr. Smith: You can never tell when you are coming by it how the current
is going to affect you because you wouldn't know whether the power was being
used or not. You don't know.

Commissioner Stewart: What are you going to do with this power?

Mr. Holgate: That is a long way off.

Mr. Smith: We are trjang to protect ourselves for the future.

Chairman Ernst: Is that the new power?

Captain Batten: That comes over here; this is shallow water over here.
That is going to be a serious thing there if they build it way out there.

Commissioner Coste: This channel in the south by the Bacot Hayes —

Captain Batten : I have sounded that dozens of times.

CoMinssiONER Coste: You have sounded it on the shore?

Captain Batten : Tried it all around there.

Commissioner Coste: You cannot go against those soundings. It is
marked 19, 16.

Captain Batten : You can't get over the thing. I have been over the whole
thing. There is hardly a place there.

Commissioner Stewart: There are only a few casual soundings. I do not
think they properly represent it.

Captain Batten: He said he had rather take those soundings than mine.
I have sounded the whole place dozens of times. I spent two weeks in the spring
of the year soundmg. Thej' sent me to do sounding. That is the way I came
to sound it all over.

Chairman Ernst: What is the depth in there (indicating)?

Captain B.4.tten: You know there is an old mill there. There is no water
aroimd here.

Chairman Ernst: Between the shore and the island there, any depth in
there?

Captain Batten: That is at the Cedars. That is way at the head, that is
deep water. That is where the dam is going to be.

Chairman Ernst: No. Across here?

772 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Captain Batten: Oh, here, this island? No, there is no water. Very
shallow there. There is no water at ail there. I have seen rafts stuck on there
and have to unload them.

Chairman Ernst : Mr. Holgate, do you care to make any further remarks?

Mr. Holgate: Only this, Mr. Chairman, that from all that has been said
this morning, and I have listened to everything, I have heard no argument ad-
vanced against the principle of developing the power at Cedars rapids. The
principle has been endorsed of developing power by the various speakers, and
that the supervision of the river is admitted to be in your commission. Now, we
simply let the matter rest where it is, as far as we are concerned; we have no
further arguments to advance. It was at my personal request that Captain
Batten was brought here so that he could give the information that he has
given you this morning. We want information. We want the information to
be laid before your commission so that the proper safeguards to navigation may
be provided for. Speaking personally, there is no stronger advocate for the con-
tinuance of navigating the St. Lawrence than I am, and I want it understood
that way, that I camiot be a party to anything that would be a prejudice to the
navigation of the St. Lawrence river, and we leave ourselves entirely in the
hands of the commission, believing that the public want that development and
that in making that development the navigation of the river must be maintained
in its integrity. The legal rights of the company are complete. The matter is
not an airy scheme ; it is a genuine business proposition and we are anxious to get
the matter decided so that construction may be commenced at an early date.
Whatever safeguards in a definite way that the commission wishes to .stipulate,
or in a general manner, so as to provide for future contingencies, the company
is ready to subscribe to.

Mr. King: Mr. Chairman, Mr. Holgate has been very fair in his statement as
to his desire to see navigation interests protected in their integrity. As to the
statement that no objections had been made to the development of power on
the St. Lawrence, I do not think any of us propose to impugn the understanding
of the commission by attempting to rehearse what has been said. I want the
record to speak for itself, and I am sure it will to our satisfaction.

Mr. Dessaulles: On behalf of the Cedars Manufacturing Company I
have very little to add to what Mr. Holgate just said. The charter giving us
the right to use the water at this special point has been granted by Parliament.
There has been a good deal of argument that has been given here which would
•rather affect the constitutional right of Parliament to grant such franchises.,
rather than the matter which is now before the commission. The franchises
have been granted, the matter was referred to the Public Works Department
for approval of the plans, and after proper advertisements in the papers, etc., the
Public Works Department has now referred the matter to this commission, I
understand to provide the proper safeguards for navigation, which we always
understood that we had to provide. I believe tliat all the ilifficulties that have
been anticipated or is said are anticipated can he covered by a contract and can
be provided for by engineers. It is an enginering problem, and proper govern-
ment supervision or proper supervision of this commission can safeguard all
interest that might be affected by the scheme of development.

Chairman Ernst: The commission are very much obliged to you gentlemen
for coming here. If there is nothing further to be said, the public meeting will
be closed now.

Hearing closed.

3 GEORGE v., SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

1910

19a— 53 773

3 GEORGE v., SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS

COMMISSION

ON THE REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE WITH A DISCUSSION

OF THE REGULATION OF THE GREAT LAKES

SYSTEM. TOGETHER WITH APPENDIX,

TABLES AND PLATES.

CONTENTS.

REPORT.

Page.
Act authorizing the appointment of the commission and defining its duties in reference co regulation of

Lake Erie 779-

Amount of traffic and means of transportation on the Great Lakes TTS"

Improvements to navigation by deepening natural channels by excavation or by raising lake surface by

obstructing flow through outlet 779

Meani.ig of term "regulation" and methods of regulation 779

Works proposed by Board of Engineers on deep Waterways 779

The Great Lakes as natural reservoirs 78(^

Water-level records on the Great Lakes and connecting rivers 781

Volume of discharge through the outlets of the several Great Lakes 782

Supply factors of 1 he Great Lakes 783-

Discussion of regulation of Lake Erie between limits 5737 and 5747, 1903 levels proposed by Board of

Engineers on Deep Waterways 78i

Discussionofregulationof LakeEriebetweenlimits572 0and5745,19031evels 785

Effect upon Lake Erie 786

Effect upon Lake St. Clair \ 786

Effect upon Lake Michigan-Huron 786

Effect upon Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence Canals 786

Effect upon Niagara River ■, 786

Effect upon city and harbour of Buffalo 786

Ice jams, head of Niagara River 787

Effect upon low-lying shores of Lake Erie 787

Summary 787

Advantages and disadvantages of regulation 787

Recommendation against regulation of Lake Erie 787

Compensating works in Niagara River 788

Surveys in progress 788

Discussion of regulation of Lakes Superior, Michigan-Huron, and Ontario 788

Discussion of use of Lake Superior as a storage reservoir to compensate tor diversions of water

through Chicago Drainage Canal 788

APPENDIX.

The Great Lakes '. 789

Areas of the several lakes and watersheds of the Great Lakes system 790-

Water-level records of the Great Lakes and their connecting rivers 790

Marquette, Mich 791

Sault Ste. Marie, Mich 791

19a— 53i 775

'2

776 DEPARTME'ST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Page.

Milwaukee, Wis 791

Harbour Beach, Mich 791

G. T. R. (Grand Trunk Railway) near Port Huron, Mich 791

St. Clair Flats Canal 791

Windmill Point, Mich 793

Amherstburg, Ont 793

Cleveland, Ohio 793

Buffalo, N. Y 793

Charlotte, N. Y .793

Oswego, N. Y 794

Ogdensburg, N. Y 794

Lock 27, head of Galop Rapids 794

Lock 24, head of Rapide Plat 794

Lock 21, head of Cornwall Canal '. 794

Nomenclature . . . s 794

General equation tor stream flow 795

Discharge of St. Marys River, outlet to Lake Superior 79S

Discharge measurements 797

St. Marys River discharge formulae, as used for the different efflux conditions 797

Probable efTect upon mean level of Lake Superior of obstructions in St. Marys River at

head of rapids 802

St. Clair River discharge 806

Detroit River discharge 806

Niagara River discharge 807

St . La-n rence River discharge 808

Discharge increments of the river outlets of the Great Lakes system 810

Supply factors of Great Lakes 811

Lake Superior supply factors 812

Lake Michigan-Huron supply factors 813

Lake Erie supply factors 815

Lake Ontario supply factors ' 815

Mean monthly supply factors of Great Lakes 816

The regulation of Lake Erie as proposed by the United States Board of Engineers on Deep Water-
ways 820

Practical regulation of Lake Erie between stages 573-7 and 574-7, 1903 levels 821

Efitect of regulation of Lake Erie, between stages 573 • 7 and 574 • 7, on water levels of Lake Ontario and St

Lawrence Canals 822

Practical regulation of Lake Erie between stages 572-0 and 574-5, 1903 levels 822

Effect of regulation of Lake Erie, between stages 572-0 and 574-5, on water levels of Lake Ontario and

St. Lawrence Canals 823

Effect of regulation of Lake Erie, between stages 572-0 and 574-5, on water levels of Niagara River 824

Effect of regulation of Lake Erie, between stages 572-0 and 574-5, on water levels of Lake St. Clair,

Lake Michigan-Huron, and connecting waters 824

Regulation of Lake Superior 825

Diversion of water through the Chicago Drainage Canal, the effect of diversion on Lakes Michigan,

Huron.Erie and Ontario, and the regulation of Lake Superior to compensate for diversion at Chicago 827

Regulation of Lake Michigan-Huron 831

Regulation of Lake Ontario 832

Compensating works in the Niagara River . 833

TABLES

Table A. Areas of the several lakes and watersheds of the Great Lakes system 7S0

B. Average and extreme variations in levels of the several lakes, 1860-1907 7S0

C. Average and extreme variation in discharge from the several lakes, 1860-1907 7S1

Table 1. Areas of the several lakes and watersheds of the Great Lakes system 790

2. Water levels of Lake Superior, at Superior, Wis., and Marquette Mich 834

3. Water levels of St. Marys River, at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich 835

4. Water levels of Lake Michigan, at Milwaukee, Wis 836

5. Water levels of Lake Huron, at Harbour Beach, Mich 837

lyTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 777

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Paoi.

6. Water levels of St. Clair River, at Grand Trunk Railway, (G.T.R.) 838

7. Water levels of Lake St. Clair, at St. Clair Flats Canal 839

8. Water levels of Lake St. Clair, at Windmill Point 840

9. Water levels of Detroit River, at Amherstburg, Ont 841

10. Water levels of Lake Erie, at Cleveland, Ohio 842

11. Water levels- of Lake Erie at Buffalo, N. Y _. . . 843

12. Water levels of Lake Ontario, at Charlotte, N. Y 844

13. Water levels of Lake Ontario, at Oswego, N. Y 845

14. Water levels of St. Lawrence River, at Ogdensburg, N. Y 846

15. Water levels of St. Lawrence River, at Lock 27 847

16. Water levels of St. Lawrence River, at Lock 24 •. . . 848

17. Water levels of St. Lawrence River, at Lock 21 849

18. St. Marys River discharge equations for the different efHux conditions 802

19. Discharge from Lake Superior, through St. Marys River 850

20. Discharge from Lake Michigan-Huron, through Detroit River 851

21. Discharge from Lake Erie, through Niagara River 852

22. Discharge from Lake Ontario, through St. Lawfence RiVer 853

23. Increments of discharge of the several rivers of the Great Lakes system 810

24. Supply factors of Lake Superior 854

25. Supply factors of Lake Michigan-Huron 866

26. Supply factors of Lake Erie 892

27. Supply factors of Lake Ontario 908

28. Mean monthly supply f actors of the Great Lakes, 1860-1907 924

29. Date of maximum and minimum values of mean monthly supply factors of the Great'

Lakes 817

30. Ratios: Rm.\x., Tmax., Tmin 819

31. Mean monthly supply factors of Great Lakes, expressed in cubic feet per second, per square

mile of watershed 925

32. Stageof Lake Erie desired on first of month with Lake regulated between 573 -7 and 574-7.. 823

33. Regulation of Lake Erie between stages 573-7 and 574-7 926

34. Stage of Lake Erie desired on first of month with lake regulated between 5720 and

574-5 823

35. Regulation of Lake Erie between stages 572-0 and 574-5 93«

36. Effect of regulation of Lake Erie, between stages 572-0 and 574-5, on water levels of Lake

Ontario 938

37. Loss of level on Lakes Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario, under the actual and assumed

diversions through Chicago Drainage Canal 8127

38. Regulation of Lake Superior to compensate for diversion of 4,000 c.f.s. through the Chicago

Drainage Canal 939

39. Regulation of Lake Superior to compensate for diversion of 14,000 c.f.s. through the

Chicago Drainage Canal 942

40. Effect on water levels of Lake Michigan-Huron, of regulation of Lake Superior to compensate

for diversion of 4,000 cubic feet per second through Chicago Drainage Canal 944

41. Effect on water levels of Lake Erie, of regulation of Lake Superior, to compensate for diver-

sion of 4,000 c.f. s. through Chicago Drainage Canal 948

42. Effect on water levels of Lake Ontario, of regulation of Lake Superior, to compensate for

diversion of 4,000 c. f. s. through Chicago Drainage Canal 950

PL.\TES.

Plate 1. Monthly mean water levels of the Great Lakes.

2-5. Supply factors of Lake Superior.

6-9. Supply factors of Lake Michigan-Huron.
10-13. Supply factors of Lake Erie.
14-17. Supply factors of Lake Ontario.

18. Mean monthly supply factors of the Great Lakes.

19. Monthly mean levels of Lake Erie at Buffalo, N. Y., under natural conditions and undcp the

proposed regulation between stages 373-7 and 574-7, 1890 to 1903, inclusive.

20. Monthly mean levels of Lake Ontario at Charlotte, N. Y., under natural conditions and under

the proposed regulation of Lake Erie between stages 573 - 7 and 574 - 7, 1890 to 1906, inclusive.

21 . Monthly mean levels of Lakes Erie and Ontario under natural conditions and under the proposed

rfgulation of Lake Erie between stages 572-0 and 574-5.

778 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

22. Monthly loss of level on Lake Michigan-Huron due to actual and assumed diversions through the

Chicago Drainage Canal

23. Monthly loss of level on Lake Erie due to actual and assumed diversions through the Chicago

Drainage Canal.

24. Monthly loss of level on Lake Ontario due to actual and assumed diversions through the Chicago

Drainage Canal.

25. Monthly mean water levels of the Great Lakes under the natural conditions and under the pro-

posed regulation of Lake Superior to compensate for diversions through the Chicago Drain-
ageCanalof 4,000and 14.000c. f.s.

26. Monthly mean water levels of Lake Superior at Marquette, Mich., under actual and original

cfHux conditions of St. Marys River.

27. Monthly mean water levels of Lake Michigan-Huron under actual and original efflux conditions

of St. Marys River.

28. Monthly mean water levels of Lake Erie at Cleveland, Ohio, under actual and original efflux

conditions of St. Marys River.

29. Monthly mean water levels of Lake Ontario at Oswego, N. Y., under actual and original efflux

conditions of St . Marj's River.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 779

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

International Waterways Commission.

Office of American Section,

Buffalo, N.Y., January 8, 1910.

1. The Act of the Congress of the United States, approved June 13, 1902,
which requested that the Government of Great Britian be invited to join in the
formation of this Commision, defined one of the duties of the Commission as
follows, viz.:

(j 'The said Commissioners shall report upon the advisability of locating a
dam at the outlet of Lake Erie, with a view to determining whether such dam
will benefit navigation, and if such structure is deemed advisable, shall make
recommendations to their respective Governments looking to an agreement or
treaty which shall provide for the construction of the same, and they shall make
an estimate of the probable cost thereof. '

2. The Great Lakes, lying between the United States and Canada, with
their connecting channels and their natural outlet to the sea, the St. Lawrence
River, of which a description will be found in the appendix to this report, cons-
titute the most important system of inland navigation in the world. The traffic
which passed through the Detroit River, its busiest link, in 1907, amounted to
71,226,895 tons, valued at about $700,000,000. About 70 per cent of this traffic
is carried in large freight carriers which are loaded down to the greatest draft that
can be carried into the harbours or through the channels between the lakes.
With the depth now available they are usually loaded to a draft of about 19 feet,
but careful watch is kept upon the stage of the waterways and advantage is taken
of any temporary increase of stage to load the vessels deeper. The number of
deep draft vessels, as well as their size, and the share of lake traffic which
they carry is increasing each year, while the lake traffic itself is increasing with
great rapidity. Vessels which would carry an additional load of 85 tons for each
inch of additional draft have recently been added to the fleet. Every inch added
to the available depth of water would therefore, be of material benefit to com-
merce.

3. The method heretofore employed for deepening the natural channels is
that of excavation, but it has been suggested that a more economical and other-
wise better method would be to raise the surface of the water by obstructing the
flow of the outlets. For Lake Erie in particular a definite plan, with estimates
of cost, was proposed by the Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways in their
report dated June 30, 1900, published as House Document No. 149, Fifty-sixth
Congress, first session. The official character of this report and the ability
displayed in its preparation seem to have led to the previsions of law under which
this Commission is now acting, and to make of it a proper starting point for this
discussion. It was proposed by the Board to "regulate" the level of Lake Erie.

4. By the term "regulation of lake's level" is meant the maintenance of its
level at or near some fixed stage, which implies such control of the discharge as
will make the latter nearly equal to the total supply — ra,infall and inflow less
evaporation — at all times. In some cases, this may be accomplished by a sub-
merged weir in the outlet, of such length that a small increase or decrease of stage
will increase or decrease the discharge over the weir by an amount equal to the
change in the total supply. A work of this kind operates automatically, but
manifestly it requires more or less range of stage and the topography must be
such that a great length of weir can be found ; it does not lend itself to the most
complete regulation.

5. The works proposed by the Board were for the regulations of Lake Erie
within a range so small that it might be considered almost a complete regulation.
They consisted of a submerged weir in connection with a set of sluice gates "so

780

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

designed that with the sluice gates all closed the low-water flow of the regulated
stage of the lake will be discharged over the fixed submerged weir, and with the
sluice gates all open the additional volume of overflow necessary to maintain the
lake at nearly the same level will pass through the sluices at times when the lake
is receiving its maximum supply. " They were to be placed near the angle in the
Bird Island Pier, at the head of Niagara River, and were designed to hold the
level of the lake at or near 574 • 5, old levels, or 574 ■ 7, 1903 levels, above mean tide
at New York. This is higher than any monthly mean stage reached since the
authentic records have been kept, that is, since 1860. It was a maximum not to
be exceeded. It is not definitely stated what the minimum monthly stage would
be under regulation, but it may be inferred from certain paragraphs in the Board's
report that it was to be about 573-7, 1903 levels. (See paragraph 104 of the ap-
pendix.)

6. The Great Lakes constitute a series of enormous natural reservoirs, each
of which serves to regulate the flow in the river constituting its outlet, and to
maintain the lake below. They are inter-dependent. The study of one, to be
complete, must include the study of all. The total area drained by them is
about 287,688 square miles, an area considerably larger than the German Empire.
Of this total, about one third is occupied by the lakes themselves, that is, is
devoted to reservoir purposes. The result is a uniformity of flow which is truly
wonderful. In table A are given the areas of the lake surfaces and of the drainage
basins.

TABLE A.

Lake.

Area of Lake

Surface in
Square Miles.

Draining Area
Including Lake

Surface in
Square Miles.

Ratio of Lake

to
Drainage Area.

Superior

32,060

22,336

22,978

503

9,968

7,243

76, 134
65, 799
72,008
6,194
34,573
32,980

12 237

1-2 95

Huron

St. Clair

1-3.13
112 31

Eric

1-3 47

1-4 55

Total

95,088

297,688

1-3 02

Authority: 1906 U. S. Lake Survey report.

The areas of the small lakes and streams are taken as a part of the inland area.

In Table B are given the average and the extreme variations in the levels
during the period from 1860 to 1907.

TABLE B.

IXTER^'ATIONAL WATERWATS COMMISSION 781

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

In Table C are given the average and the extreme variations in the discharge
of tlie outlets for the period 1860 to 1907.

TABLE C.

St. Marys
River.

Detroit
River.

Niagara
River.

St. La\\Teiice
River at
its Head.

Average discliarge for entire period. .

Greatest excess average for auy one

month

Greatest excess average for any one
year

Greatest deficiency average for any
one month

Greatest deficiency average for any
one year

c.f.s.

82,000

46, 700
Sept., 1869 57%

19,100

1876 237o

33,800
Feb., 1893 41%

16,900
1879 21%

c.f.s.
204,200
71,200

c.f.s.
212,200
45,600

c.f.s.

254,400

96,800

July, 1833 35% June, 1876 21%, May, 1862 38%

30, 200

1885 15%

98,900
Feb., 1874 48%

30,600
1896 15%

26,500

1876 12%o

43,500
Mar., 1896 20%

31,800
1895 15%

49,000

1862 19%

102,200
Feb., 1902 40%

62,800
1895 25%

No work of man ever has approached or ever will approach this perfection of
regulation. The question now is, can he add to that which exists in the im-
portant degree.

7. Evidently the answer to this question must be based upon careful analysis
and close computation. The data for its solution are found in the records of the
water levels, and in the measurements of discharge taken during the last 48 years,
principally under the direction of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. Actual
values assigned to rainfall and evaporation are not well determined and cannot
be used. It is the relative value of these elements which it is necessary to know,
and that value is found in the discharge measurements.

8. Soon after the organization of the Commission, a committee of two of its
engineer members was appointed to collect all of the available data, and to make
an hj'draulic analj^sis of the general regulation of all the lakes. It was well
known at the outset that this would be a long and laborious task, but it proved
to be more so than was expected, and it was only recently completed. The full
report of the committee is hereto attached as an appendix. A brief sjoiopsis of
it is here given.

9. Beginning about 1860, and continuing to date, daily or tri-daily water-
level observations have been taken at Marquette on Lake Superior, Milwaukee
on Lake Michigan, Cleveland on Lake Erie, and Oswego and Charlotte on Lake
Ontario. Beginning at later dates, observations have been taken at Sault Ste.
Marie, Harbor Beach on Lake Huron, St. Clair River, St. Clair Flats Canal,
Windmill Point on Lake St. Clair, Amhertsburg on Detroit River, Buffalo on
Lake Erie, Ogdensburg on St. Lawrence River, and Lock 27 at the head of Galop
Rapids, Lock 24 at the head of Rapide Plat, and Lock 21 at the head of Long
Sau!t Rapids, on St. Lawrence River. Self registering automatic gauges giving
a continuous graphical record of the rise and fall of the water, were not installed
until 1899. The record for each of the above-mentioned gauges, except the last
two, from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, has been completed by interpolation. For Lock
24, on the St. La\\Tence, the record has been completed from 1880, and for
Lock 21, from 1870. There are a few isolated records of dates earlier than
1860, but they are not well authenticated and cannot be used here.

782 DEPARTMESiT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

10. As was stated in our report of January 4, 1907, upon the Chicago
Drainage Canal, "Variations in the level of the lake's surface, due to winds and
to change of barometric pressure, are frequent and irregular and at times violent.
Variations of more than 6 inches are very common, often occurring hourly for
many hours in succession, while variations of 2 or 3 feet ■nithin an hour are not
uncommon. Besides these irregular variations there is a regular annual variation
due to difference in rainfall, evaporation, and run-off, the water level being high-
est in midsummer and lowest in mid'winter. The levels are affected also Ijy the
greater or less severity of the Manter and by the consequent greater or less de-
crease in the discharging capacity of the outlets by ice. In order to study the
annual oscillations it is necessary to eliminate the irregular oscillations, and that
is accomplished bj' using the average levels for a month." The monthly mean
stage has been obtained bj' taking the average of the gauge readings for a month,
and is given for each of the above-mentioned gauges in Tables 2-17. The monthly
mean stages of Lakes Superior, ^Michigan-Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario,
from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, are showii on Plate 1.

11. The volume of discharge of the outlet at any given stage is obtained
from a formula deduced from actual measurements of discharge at such stages
as happened to exist at the time of observation. Formulae of this kind were
deduced for each of the outlets of the Great Lakes. During the winter of 1896
discharge measurements of the St. Marys River, the outlet of Lake Superior,
were made at Spry's Dock Section, located about a mile below the St. Marys
Rapids. In 1902 discharge measurements of the same stream were made at the
International Bridge which connects Sault Ste. ^Nlarie, Mich., -with Sault Ste.
Marie, Ontario. In 1905 similar measurements were made at "Section Brew-
ery, " located about 2,000 feet below Spry's Dock Section. All of these observa-
tions were made by the U. S. Lake Survey. L^p to the year 1887, the discharg-
ing capacity of the St. Marys River remained nearly uniform. Since that date
numerous artificial works have been constructed at the Sault, which have modi-
fied its discharging capacity to an important degree. During the years 1887
and 1888, the International Bridge was built, which %\ith its piers and approaches
materially reduced the cross section. In 1892, the Edison Sault Electric Com-
pany placed power works in the bed of the stream. In 1895, a power canal on
the Canadian side was opened to use. In 1905, a power canal on the Michigan
side was opened to use, compensating works in connection therewith having
been placed in the river in 1901 and 1902. The amount of water diverted bj^ the
power canals has increased from time to time since they were opened, and so has
the quantity used by the American and Canadian locks. To conform to these
changes it M^as necessary to deduce eleven different discharge formulse for the
St. IMarys River alone.

12. The discharge formuUe for St. Clair River, the outlet of Lake Michigan-
Huron, was deduced from observations made bv the U. S. Lake Survey in 1899,
1900, 1901. and 1902. In 1900, the Chicago Drainage Canal began "diverting
water from Lake Michigan. The amount diverted between January, 1900 and
June, 1904, inclusive, was computed from data furnished by the U.S. Engineer
Office at Chicago. The flow through the canal since June, 1904, has been as-
sumed to be 4,167 cubic feet per second, the quantity authorized in the permit
of the Secretarj^ of War. It is believed to have been greater, but the difference
is not sufficient to vitiate the results sought for here. An application by the
Commission to the Sanitary District of Chicago for a copy of their record met
with a refusal to furnish it.

13. The discharge formulae for the Detroit River was derived from measure-
ments taken at Fort Wayne, Michigan, by the U. S. Lake Survey in 1901 and
1902.

14. For the Niagara River, the outlet of Lake Erie, discharge measure-
ments M-ere made at the International Bridge at Buffalo, and at a point about

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 783

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

1,800 feet dovvia stream, called the "Open Section." These observations were
begun in 1897 for the Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways, and were con-
tinued in 1898, 1899, and 1900, by the U. S. Lake Survey.

15. The discharge formulie for the St. Lawrence River, the outlet of Lake
Ontario, was deduced from measurements made by the U. S. Lake Survey in
1901 and 1902 at 'Three Points Section', situated about 15 miles below Ogdens-
burg, N.Y., and 9 miles below the head of the Galop Rapids.
ItH 16. With the discharge formulae and the gauge records, the average discharge,
in cubic feet per second, has been computed for each month from 1860 to 1907,
inclusive, for each outlet. The results for St. Marys River are given in Table
19; those for Detroit River in Table 20; those for Niagara River in Table 21;
and those for St. Lawrence River at its head in Table 22.

17. The total supplj' of water to a reservoir or lake depends upon the flow
or transmitted supply from another watershed, the precipitation on the surface
of the lake, the run-off from the lake's watershed, and evaporation from the
lake's surface, or the outflow from and storage in the lake. Of these factors,
for the Great Lakes, the transmitted supply, the discharge, and the storage
are known separately, while the value of precipitation, run-off, and evaporation
is known collectively. The local supplj' for any lake is the water-yield from its
own watershed, and is equal to the total supply minus the transmitted supply
or inflow from the watersheds situated above. The supply factors have been
deduced for Lakes Superior, Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario, for each
month from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, and the results are given in Tables 24,
25, 26, and 27. Thej- are shown graphically upon Plates 2 to 17 inclusive.

18. It is to be noted that minus values for the monthly mean local supply
have frequently occurred, that is to say, the evaporation has frequently exceeded
the precipitation and run-off. For Lake Superior, minus values occurred at
some time during 41 of the 48 years considered; this usually happened in Decem-
ber, but it sometimes occurred in each of the months from October to April,
inclusive. The greatest minus value occurred in December 1870, when the
evaporation exceeded the precipitation and run-off by 106,600 cubic feet per
second.

19. For Lake ^lichigan-Huron, minus values occurred in 3.3 out of the 48
years considered. This usually happened in September, October, or November,
but it sometimes happened also in August and December. The greatest minus
value occurred in September, 1871, when the evaporation exceeded the preci-
pitation and run-off by 125,700 cubic feet per second. In that year minus
values occurred in each of the four months from August to November. In
1894, minus values occurred from August to December, inclusive.

20. For Lake Erie, minus values occurred with extraordianry frequency.
They are found in every year, and, in many years in all of the last six months.
From June, 1884, to March, 1885, inclusive, that is, for 10 consecutive months,
evaporation exceeded precipitation and run-off continuously, the average
excess for the entire period being 40,400 cubic feet per second. There is no
month, except the month of May, in which a minus value has not been found
in some year between 1860 and 1907. The excessive evaporation in Lake
Erie m.ay be attributed to the facts that the lake is shallow and its longer axis
lies in the direction of the prevalent winds.

21. For Lake Ontario, minus values occurred less frequently than with
the other lakes, but were found in 27 out of the 48 years. The greatest minus
value occurred in January, 1877, when the evaporation exceeded the precipi-
tation and run-off by 40,300 cubic feet per second.

22. To obtain the general law which governs these supply factors, Table
28 was prepared, which gives their average for the entire period from 1860 to
1907. The averages for Lake Superior, Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario,
are shown graphically on Plate 18. From these, it appears that evaporation

784 DEPARTUEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

exceeds the local supply in Lake Superior during December and is nearly equal
to it during January; that evaporation is nearly equal to the local supply in
Lake Michigan-Huron during October and November; that it exceeds the
local supply in Lake Erie during the last half of the year, Julj- to December;
and, as a general rule, does not exceed the local supply in Lake Ontario.

23. The maximum stage of one lake does not occur at the same time as
that of another lake, and this is true also of the minimum stage. Nor does
the maximum outflow occur at the time of the maximum total supply. The
lake maj' continue to fall while the supplj' of water is increasing and vice versa.
These great forces require time to act. The following table shows the ratio,
R, between the maximum discharge and the maximum total supplj- for each
lake, the time interval, Tw^ax., which elapses between the maximum total supply
to any lake and the maximum discharge from the lake, and the time interval,
Tmin., which elapses between the minimum total supply and the minimum
discharge.

Lake.

R

T
Max.

T

Min.

Superior

Michigan-Huron

0-524
0-647

0-884
0-955

98 davs
82 •'
76 "
. 56 ••

91 davs

101 •'

132 "

0 ntario

20 "

From which it is to be inferred that the interval of time required for an increas-
ing supplj' to show its effect upon the level of Lake Superior is about 98 days,
and for a decreasing supply it is about 91 days; in Lake Eric, the corresponding
intervals are 76 days and 132 days respectively; for the other lakes, the intervals
are somewhat less.

24. With the data which have been given, it is now possible to show what
the practical result will be of an attempt to regulate the level of any lake within
any given limits. For illustration, the Commission has selected the regulation
of Lake Erie, between the limits 573 • 7 and 574 • 7, 1903 levels, by means of a
submerged weir and sluice gates, as proposed by the Board of Engineers on
Deep Waterways. In this case, the sluice gates camiot be set daily or at frequent
intervals, to meet conditions as they arise, because of the difficulty of ascertain-
ing what the true level of the lake is and what its consequent discharge is at
any particular time. The irregularity and occasional violence of its oscillations
make it necessary to take the average of a considerable number of observations —
usually those of a month — to find the true level. The gates can, therefore,
be set not oftener than once a month, and then only approximatelj'. It is
necessarj^ to fix upon some definite elevation for the stage of the lake at the
beginning of each month and then to set the sluice gates to give a discharge
which will bring the lake to the level desired at the end of the month. That
is to say, it is necessary to estimate the total supply- which the lake will receive
during the month to come. For regulation between the levels 573.7 and 574.7,
the stage at the beginning of each month should be approximately as follows:

January 1 573 • 8 May 1 573 • 9

February 1 573-7 June 1 574 • 0

March 1 • 573 • 7 July 1 to November 1 574 ■ 0

April 1 573 - 8 December 1 573 ■ 9

INTERNATWKAT. WATERWAYS COMMISSION 785

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1«a

In Table 33 are given the actual supply to Lake Erie, and the supply which
would have been estimated if regulating works had been in operation for each
month from January, 1890, to December, 1906, inclusive, and their difference.
The table gives also the level which the lake would have reached with regulating
works, and the difference Ijetween the stage reached and the stage desired.
The actual supplj' and the stage are rarely identical with those expected, and
in some cases the differences are important. For example, the actual supply
in March, 1891, was 37,100 cubic feet per second less than would have been
estimated, and in the following month, April, 1891, it was 47,800 cubic feet
less than would have been estimated; the stage reached at the end of April,
1891, would have been 573-48, or 5 inches lower than the stage desired. In
April, 1892, the supply was 40,200 cubic feet per second, and in the following
month it was 29,400 cubic feet per second, more than would have been estimated,
and the stage reached at the end of May would have been 574-54, or about
6)^ inches higher than the stage desired. In July, 1892, the actual supply
was 35,300 cubic feet per second less than would have been estimated. In
June, 1892, the actual supply was 39,000 cubic feet per second less than would
have been estimated, and in June, 1901, it was 32,300 more. Numerous other
instances of important differences will be found in the table. They may occur
in any part of the year. They show that it is not possible to foretell the stage
under regulation, a month in advance, within 5 or 6 inches ; that is to say.
that a margin of about 6 inches must be allowed at the upper and lower limits
proposed for regulation. If the attempt be made to regulate within a range
of one foot, with this margin, there will be no range left for setting the sluice
gates, Avhich is absurd. In other words, the regulation of Lake Erie within a
range of 1 foot, or between tlie limits 573-7 and 574-7, is impracticable.

25. It appears, however, from a study of Table 33, that it would have
been possible during the period covered by the table, 1890 to 1906, to regulate
the level of the lake between the limits 573-31 and 574-74, or within a range
of about 18 inches. This period covers the extreme low-water year, 1895, but
not an extreme high-water year, like that of 1876. Computations were made
to ascertain the effect of regulation between the limits 572-0 and 574-5 in the
two extreme years. The results are given in Table 35, and shown graphically
on Plate 21. It is found the extreme range from high water of 1876 to
low water of 1895, which was 3-78 feet, would under regulation have been
reduced to about 2-5 feet. The high levels of 1876 would not have been raised,
but the low levels of November and December, 1895, would have been raised
1 -38 and 1 -37 feet, respectively, and the annual mean level of 1895 would have
raised about 1 07 feet. This would benefit Lake Erie, and is, therefore, worthy
of examination.

26. It must not be forgotten that these numbers refer to monthly mean
or annual mean stages. It sometimes happens that the stage varies as much
as 7 or 8 feet in one clay, and more than 2 feet in one hour. Storms raise the
water level, at Buffalo, several feet higher than normal, and lower it, at Amherst-
burg, by a like amount; the difference of level between the two ends of the lake
in extreme cases having been as great as 15 feet. To control these irregular
variations is impossible. It is possible only to regulate the monthly mean
stage within the limits of about 2 • 5 feet. Whether or not it will be expedient
to undertake the regulation of Lake Erie between these limits must depend
upon the following considerations.

27. Effect upon Lake Erie. An examination of Plate 21 shows
navigation. In 1895, a year of deficient sujjply, the mean level during the
eight-month season of navigation would have been raised from 571-31 under
natural conditions, to 572-41 under regulated conditions, and navigation would
have been improved by an increase of 1 • 1 feet in the stage. The extreme low

786 DEPARTME\T OF PCDLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

stages for the na\'igation season would have been raised at least 1 foot without
appreciable increase in the extreme high stage. This is equivalent to deepening^
every harbour and channel in Lake Erie by that amount.

28. Effect upon Lake St. Clair. The increase in the stage of Lake Erie
will decrease the mean slope in the Detroit River, and will cause Lake St. Clair
to rise, until the slope be so far restored as to give to the discharge through
the Detroit River a value equal to the natural discharge. The amount which
Lake St. Clair will rise on account of an increase of 1 foot in the stage of Lake
Erie, is computed to be 0-61 foot. (See paragraph 121 of the Appendix.)

29. Effect upon Lake Michigan-Huron. As backwater from Lake Erie
raises the level of Lake St. Clair, so backwater from Lake St. Clair raises the
level of Lake Michigan-Huron. The effect of an increase of 0-61 foot in the
stage of Lake St. Clair is to raise the level of Lake Michigan-Huron 0-27 foot.
(See paragraph 123 of the Appendix.)

30. Effect upon Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence Canals. Any change
in the outflow of Lake Erie will change the water levels of Lake Ontario. If
the inflow to Ontario is increased, the lake level will rise, and with decreased
inflow the level will fall. For the extreme years, 1876 and 1895, the effect
upon Lake Ontario of the regulation of Lake Erie is sho'wm in Table 36, and on
Plate 21. For the high water j-ear, 1876, there would have been but httle
change; at no time during the year would the regulated stage of Lake Ontario
differ from the actual stage more than 13'i inches. In 1895, the low water
year, the oscillation would have been increased. The high water of May would
have been about 1 inch higher, while the low water of September, October,
and November, would have beeii 4-08, 4-46 and 4-00 inches, respectively,,
lower under regulation than under the natural conditions. To lower the level
of Lake Ontario is to lower the St. Lawrence River and to injuriously affect
navigation in the St. LawTence canals. A comparison of the gauge records upon
Lake Ontario and at these canals shows that of 4-56 inches in the level
of Lake Ontario will lower the level in the Galop canals about 4-56 inches, in
the Morrisburg canals by about 6-65 inches, and in the Iroquois Canal, Lock
25, by about 7-66 inches. During periods of low-water it would be necessary
to diminish the draft of vessels navigating the canals about 7-66 inches, by
decreasing their loads.

31. Effect upon Niagara River. The effect upon Niagara River would not
be important. The stage would not fluctuate through any greater range than
under natural conditions. During the winter months, more frequent low water
would probably occur, in which case the power companies at Niagara Falls
would probably have more difficulty in keeping the channels to their intakes
free from ice. During the autumn months navigation might be slightly injured
by the prolongation of the low-water season, due to the storage in Lake Erie
of a part of the natural discharge.

32. Effect upon the City and Harbour of Buffalo. Low-lying portions of
the City of Buffalo and the adjacent territory are subject to overflow both
from the lake and from tributarj' streams, especially Buffalo Creek. Floods
from the lake are due to storms blowing from the southwest. During the severe
storm of January 20, 1907, Lake Erie rose to 579 -45, or 6 -49 feet above the mean
for that month, or 7 -0 feet above the mean of the preceding and following months.
Iron furnaces were extinguished, a pumping plant was seriously crippled, and
much damage was inflicted upon the lands and property in Buffalo adjacent to
the lake and to Buffalo Creek. Under regulation, the monthly mean level of
the lake upon that occasion would have been about 23^ inches higher than it was
and the height of the flood would have been increased by that amount. Floods
from Buffalo Creek are now of common occurrence. With a few days of warm

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 787

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1«a

weather in the winter, the discharge of the creek becomes so great as to overflow
its banks, and the water sometimes floods an area of 1 ,600 acres, having a popula-
tion of 10,000. It is stated by the Department of Public Works of Buffalo that
a rise of 2 feet in the stages of the lake causes a rise of about 1 foot in Buffalo
Creek in the center of the flood district. Most of the floods in Buffalo Creek
occur during January, February, and March, when Lake Erie is at its lowest
stage. Some of the greatest floods have occurred during the extreme low-water
periods, such as those in the winters of 1896, 1898, 1900, and 1902. With the
winter level regulated at a height greater than it actually was upon those occas-
ions, the flood height would have been increased, and greater damage would have
occurred.

33. Ice Jams. During every winter ice jams form on Horseshoe Reef at
the Head of Niagara River. The ice in the lake is blown toward the outlet by
a southwest wind, and is piled upon the shallow reef, where it forms an ice jam
extending from near the bottom to several feet above the surface of the water.
In some instances, the bergs have been 20 to 30 feet high. The proposed regulat-
ing works, being placed about a mile below Horseshoe Reef, would aggravate
this diflficulty. The neck of the outlet might become so effectively blocked with
ice that the flow of the river would be materially decreased as was the flow of the
St. Clair River in the winters of 1901 and 1902. If those conditions should exist,
a severe southwesterlj' storm, such as has occurred on numerous occasions,
would inundate the lower part of Buffalo. These ice jams seriously interfere with
navigation. The average date of opening navigation in the spring, at Buffalo,
is April 9, while at Cleveland, the average date is March 23. The difference of
17 days in the dates of opening the two Lake Erie ports is due to ice jams. It
is probable that it would be materially increased by the construction of the regu-
lating works. It is to be observed that the ice jams would make it difficult to
maintain the works.

34. Effect upon the Low-lying Shores of Lake Erie. There are low-
lying portions of the shores of Lake Erie where the water is shut out by dykes
and where pumping is now required. To raise the level of the lake would increase
the amount of such pumping. It is possible, also, that there are points other
than Buffalo, where great commercial interests are concentrated, and where local
drainage is deficient, but for reasons which will appear presently it has not been
considered necessary to make a detailed investigation of every locality.

35. The advantages then of regulating Lake Erie, between the limits 572-0
and 574-5, are that the low- water stages of Lake Erie will be raised about 1 foot j
those of Lake St. Clair will be raised about 0-61 foot ; and those of Lake Michigan-
Huron, about 0-27 foot; without in any case increasing the high water stage.

36. The disadvantages are that the oscillations in Lake Ontario are increased
about 5J/2 inches, and low water is made lower by about 4}-^ inches; that the depth
in the St. Lawrence canals will be diminished by about 7-66 inches; that the
city of Buffalo and its southerly suburbs will suffer by increased damage from
floods, and from a postponement of the date of opening navigation in the spring.

37. In weighing these advantages and disadvantages, it is to be remembered
that the persons who are to benefit by the former are not identical with those
who are to suffer from the latter. Those navigating the St. Lawrence canals are
not specially concerned with deepening the harbours of Lake Erie ; not are those
occupying the low-lying portions of Buffalo sufficiently compensated for the in-
jury to their property by the beneficial effects upon navigation. If the advant-
ages and disadvantages could be equally distributed, we are inclined to think
that the former would outweigh the latter, and that the expediency of the under-
taking would be a question of cost. As the matter stands, it involves the ques-
tion of damages to vested rights, which in this case is peculiarly intricate. It
is our opinion that the advantages are not of such overwhelming character as to

788 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

justify the two governments in entering upon that vexations question, and we
therefore recommend that the "regulation" of Lake Erie be not undertaken,
meaning thereby the most complete practicable regulation such as can be secured
by a dam and sluice gates at or near Buffalo.

38. It does not follow that nothing can advantageously be done to improve
or maintain the level of the lake. It is possible to raise the level of anj- lake by
simply reducing the size of the outlet. With a reduced cross section, the outlet
requires a steeper slope, and the average level of the lake is raised, but the oscilla-
tions will go on as before, and the discharge will remain the same. To raise the
level of Lake Erie will raise, also, but to a less degree, the levels of Lake St. Clair
and of Michigan-Huron, and will thus benefit those waters, while it wll have no
effect upon Lake Ontario or the St. Lawrence River. It would be physically
practicable to raise the level many feet, but here again vested rights must be
considered, and the amount which the level should be raised is in our judgment
limited to that which will not interfere with those rights.

39. It is believed that somewhere in the Niagara River, between Lake Erie
and the Falls, a submerged dam maj' be placed which will greatly benefit the
navigation of the waters above without injury to those below and with onlj' minor
damages, if any, to the adjoining lands. Without anj^ attempt to 'regulate'
Lake Erie, the level of the lake may be raised sufficiently to compensate for the
damages heretofore inflicted bj- the Chicago Drainage Canal and other deterior-
ating influences. To distinguish works of this kind from those designed to
'regulate' the lake, thej' may be called 'compensating' works.

40. The upper Niagara River is a valuable safety-valve for the protection
of Buffalo from the effects of storms upon Lake Erie, and should not be obstructed
by a dam. It is possible that the extreme lower end of the reach, that is, the
section just above the Falls, may not be available because of excessive overflow
to be caused in the valley of the Welland River. To determine the best site it
has been necessary to make additional surveys. These were begun in July, 1909,
and are still in progress. After their completion it is our intention to submit a
supplementary report upon the subject.

4L In coiuiection with the hj'draulic analysis of the general regulation of
all the lakes, attention is invited to a discussion of the regulation of Lake Superior
of Lake Michigan-Huron, and of Lake Ontario, which will be found in
the Appendix, paragraphs 125-132, 148-155. Without going into details it
may be stated in general terms, that, as in the case of Lake Erie, only a very mod-
erate degree of improvement in regulation over what nature provides is practic-
able in any of the lakes, and that, such as it is, this improvement is obtained at
the expense and to the injury of the na^^gable channels below. If the level of
any lake has been lowered, whether by diversion through the Chicago Drainage
Canal or by enlargement of the outlet, the remedy seems to lie in ' compensating '
rather than in "regulating" works.

42. Attention is invited also to a discussion of the use of Lake Superior as a
a reservoir, which has been proposed by persons not familiar with the Great
Lakes, to compensate for the diversion of water through the Chicago Drainage
Canal (see Appendix, paragraphs, 133-147). The result of the discussion is
to show: 1, that Lake Superior, being naturally one of the greatest and best
regulators of flow to be found in the world, maintains a flow in the St. Marj^'s
River, its outlet, which is remarkably uniform; 2, that uniformity of flow in
that river is essential to the best interests of navigation of the river itself; 3,
that during the winter months when navigation is suspended this uniformity of
flow is still necessary to maintain the level of Lake Huron, and keep it in con-
dition to maintain in its turn the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers in the spring when
navigation opens. It is not in the power of man to improve this uniformity
of flow to any important degree. He maj- disturb it, making it less uniform,

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by storing water in Lalie Superior, but any water witliheld at one season would
create a deficiency in tiie lake below, which must be replaced by an equivalent
increase of discharge from Lake Superior at another season. This would simply
increase the oscillations in the level of the lakes below, that is, would injure them,
without compensating in any degree for the diversion of water through the
Chicago Drainage Canal.

GEO. C. GIBBONS,

Chairman. Canadian section.

LOUIS COSTE,

Member, Canadian section.

W. J. STEWART,

Member, Canadian section.

0. H. ERNST,

Brig. Gen'l, U.S. Army, Retired,
Chairman, American section.

GEORGE CLINTON,

Member, American section.

E. E. HASKELL,

Attest: Member, American section.

W. EDWARD WILSON,

Secretary, American Section. .

The Minister of Public Works of Canada.
The Secretary of War of the United States.

APPENDIX.

International Waterways Commission.

Office of American Section.

Buffalo, N.Y., December 4, 1909.

The International Waterways Commission:

Your committee, which was appointed to investigate the advisability of
locating a dam at the outlet of Lake Erie (as proposed by the Board of Engineers
on Deep Waterways) and the maintenance and regulation of suitable levels on
the other lakes in the Great Lakes system, now has the honour to report upon
these subjects. It is hoped that this investigation will be of assistance to the
Commission in considering the subjects mentioned above.

THE GREAT LAKES.

1. The Great Lakes, comprising Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie,
and Ontario, situated between the United States and Canada, differ from the
high seas in that the latter have diurnal tides while the former have periodic and
seasonal stage cycles. Lake Superior, the largest of these lakes, has a length,
from Duluth to Point Iroquois, of 383 miles and a breadth of approximately 160
miles. Its maximuin recorded depth is 1012 feet. The outlet of this lake is the
St. Marys River. The length of Lake Michigan is approximately 321 miles;
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790

DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

its breadth, 118 miles, and its maximum measured depth 870 feet. Lake Huron
is about 220 miles long and 101 miles wade, with a maximum measured depth of
750 feet. Lakes Michigan and Huron are connected by the Strait of Mackinac,
and iheir outlet is the St. Clair River. Lake St. Clair is approximately 26 miles
long and 24 miles wide; its maximum depth is less than 24 feet, except at the
head of the Detroit River, the outlet of the lake. Lake Erie is about 240 miles
in length, with a maximum width of 57 miles; its maximum depth, as recorded
by the U.S. Lake Survey-, is 210 feet. Niagara River is the outlet of this lake.
Lake Ontario is about 190 miles long, 57 miles vdde, and has a maximum
recorded depth of 730 feet. The present natural outlet of this lake, as well as of
the entire Great Lakes system, is the St. Lawrence River.

AREAS OF THE SEVERAL LAKES AND WATERSHEDS OF THE GREAT

LAKES SYSTEM.

2. The areas of the surfaces of the Great Lakes and their watersheds, as
determined by the L^nited States Lake Survey, are showTi in Table 1.

TABLE I.

•

Lake.

Area of Lake

Surface in
Square Miles.

Drainage Area.

Including Lake

Surface in

1 Square Miles.

Ratio of Lake

to

Land Area.

32.060
22,336
22,978
45,314

503

9,968
7,243

76, 134
65,799
72,008
137,807
6,194
34,573
32,980

1 1-37

Michigan

1 1-95

Huron

1 213

1 204

St. Clair

1 11-31

1 2-47

Ontario . .

1 3-55

Authority: 1906 United States Lake Survey report. (Unpublished).

3. The land area for any watershed is considered as the difference between
the total drainage area and tlie area of the lake surface. The areas of the small
lakes and streams are taken as a part of the land area.

4. The ratio of lake to land area is least for Superior and greatest for St.
Clair, and increases with each succeeding lake lower in the system, St. Clair
excepted.

WATER-LEVEL RECORDS OF THE GREAT LAKES AND THEIR CON-
NECTING RIVERS.

5. Beginning about 1860 and continuing to date, daily or tri-daily water-
level observations have been taken on the several lakes and connecting channels
of the Great Lakes. These readings have been reduced to monthly mean stage
by determining the average for the month. In 1899, the first self-registering
automatic gauges, giving a continuous graphical record of the rise and fall of the
water, were installed. The water-level records tabulated in this report pertain
directly to the stage of the waters of the Great Lakes system. In nearly every
instance, they have been placed at the service of the Commission through the
Chief of Engineers' reports, or have been obtained from the United States Lake
Survey.

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6. Marquette. The elevation of the water surface of Lake Superior
above mean tide at New York was observed at Superior, Wis., for the period
from 1860 to 1871, inclusive, while from 1872 to 1907, inclusive, it was observed
at Marquette, Mich. The self-registering gauge, located at Marquette, was
placed in operation in November, 1902. During the forty-eight years of observa-
tions, there M^ere months when no records were taken. For the years 1860 and
1861, missing values have been supplied by adding (algebraically) to the observed
reading of the following or preceding month the monthly mean rise or fall of
water surface from 1860 to 1871, inclusive. Missing values in the period from
1871 to 1888, inclusive, have been suppHed by adding to Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.,
readings the monthly mean fall from Marquette to Sault Ste. Marie for that
period. Missing values for the period from 1889 to 1901, inclusive, have been
supplied from the Sault Ste. Marie readings by applying to these readings the
monthly mean fall from Marquette to Sault Ste. Marie for that period. The
stage of Lake Superior, from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, at Marquette, Mich., and
Superior, Wis., is given in Table 2.

7. Sault Ste. Marie. The monthly mean stage of the St. Marys River,
the outlet to Lake Superior, was observed at the southwest pier, Sault Ste.
Marie, Mich, (above the locks) from November, 1870, to December, 1907, in-
clusive. Before November, 1899, the readings were taken with a staff gauge,
but since that time a self -registering gauge has been in operation. To make the
records complete from January, 1860, to October, 1870, inclusive, the mean
monthly fall from 1871 to 1888, inclusive, from Marquette, to Sault Ste. Marie,
has been substracted from the corresponding Marquette readings. These
monthly mean stages at Sault Ste. Marie (above the locks) are given in Table 3.

8. Milwaukee. The water-level records giving the stage of water of
Lake Michigan, from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, were taken at Milwaukee, Wis.
The monthly mean elevations of water surface are given in Table 4.

9. Harbor Beach. From September ,1874, to December, 1907, inclusive,
the stage of Lake Huron was observed at Harbor Beach, Mich, (formerly Sand
Beach). From April, 1901, to December, 1907, inclusive, the stage was re-
corded by a self-registering gauge. The water levels from January, 1860, to
August, 1874, inclusive, were derived by the United States Lake Survey, (see
page 4105, appendix EEE, annual report of the Chief of Engineers for 1904), as
follows: January, 1860, to September, 1864, inclusive, from observations at
Point aux Barques; and October, 1864, to August, 1874, inclusive, from obser-
vations at Port Austin. These water levels for Lake Huron stage, from 1860
to 1907, inclusive, are given in Table 5.

10. G.T.R. Water-level observations have been taken near the head of
the St. Clair River, at G.T.R. (Grand Trunk Railway) from March, 1899, to
December, 1907, inclusive. The computed G.T.R. monthly mean gauge readings
from January, 1860, to February, 1899, inclusive, were derived from the relation
deduced between the monthly mean stage at Harbor Beach and Grand Trunk
Railway, from March, 1899, to December, 1904, inclusive. The equations are:
for assumed open season, from April to December, (G.T.R. — 578) =0-889
(Harbor Beach — 578) — 0-529, and for the winter season of January, February
and March, (G.T.R.— 578) =0-889 (Harbor Beach— 578)— 0-235. The actual
observations showed that during the average open season the fall from Harbor
Beach to G.T.R. remained practically constant for the same stage slightly with
increasing stages of Lake Huron, while during the winter months the fall de-
creased materially but also increased slightly with increasing stages of the lake.
The G.T.R. gauge data are shown in Table 6.

11. St. Clair Flats Canal. In July, 1872, the first authentic records
of the stage of Lake St. Clair were taken at the St. Clair Flats Canal. These
readings were recorded continuously up to December, 1907, inclusive, with the

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792 DEFSHTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

exception of October, 1877; April and May, 1878; June, 1879, to August, 1881
inclusive; November, 1881, to April, 1882, inclusive; June, September, and
October, 1882; December, 1882, to April, 1883, inclusive; January to March,
1902, inclusive; February to April, 1903, inclusive; January, 1906, to October,
1906, inclusive; and August, 1907, to December, 1907, inclusive. From January,
1860, to June, 1872, inclusive, no observations were taken. Values for the mis-
sing monthly mean water levels at St. Clair Flats Canal for January, 1861, to
July, 1865, inclusive; January, 1866; April and May, 1878, and June, 1879, to
August, 1881, inclusive, have been deduced from the monthly means of observa-
tions taken simultaneously at St. Clair Flats Canal, the Light-house Depot,
Detroit, Mich, (see 1868 United States Lake Survey report in report of the
Secretary of War, Fortieth Congress, third session. Vol. 2, 1868-69, p. 985), and
Amherstburg, Ont., from which the derived relation between fall from Light-
house Depot to Amherstburg, and fall from St. Clair Flats to Amherstburg has
been determined. The equation expres.sing this relation is: (Fall St. Clair Flats
to Amherstburg, = 1-0357 (Fall Light-house Depot to Amherstburg) + 0-377.
Those missing for January, 1868, to March, 1868, inclusive; January, 1869, to
March, 1869, inclusive; December, 1869, to March, 1870, inclusive; January
and February, 1871; and December, 1871, to March, 1872, inclusive, have been
derived from the monthlj' means of observations taken simultaneously at St.
Clair Flats Canal, Old Detroit Waterworks, located at the foot of Orleans Street,
Detroit, Mich, (see Forty-ninth regular report of the Board of Water Commis-
sioners to the Common Council of the city of Detroit, 1901), and Amherstburg,
Ont., from which has been derived the relation between the fall from St. Clair
Flats to Old Detroit Waterworks, and fall from St. Clair Flats to Amherstburg.
The derived equation is: (Fall St. Clair Flats to Amherstburg, =0-9378 (Fall Old
Detroit Waterworks to Amherstburg) -|- 0-853, Those missing for August 1865,
to December, 1865, inclusive; February, 1866, to December, 1867, inclusive;
April, 1868, to December, 1868, inclusive; April, 1869, to November, 1869,
inclusive; April, 1870, to December, 1870, inclusive; March, 1871, to Novem-
ber, 1871, inclusive; April, 1872, to June, 1872, inclusive; and October, 1877,
have been derived independently from Light-house Depot observations and from
Old Detroit Waterworks' records taken at the foot of Orleans Street, Detroit,
Mich., as previously explained. The mean of the two derived values has been
used for St. Clair Flats. For all months of the year 1860, the St. Clair Flats
values (as given on p. 4097, United States Lake Survey report of 1904) have been
reduced by 0-67 foot, so as to obtain the original readings taken at the Old
Detroit Waterworks, foot of Orleans Street, which were not available. From
the original readings thus obtained, new values for stage at St. Clair Flats Canal
have been derived by the fall method previously described. The value 0-67 foot
represents the mean fall from St. Clair Flats Canal to Old Detroit Waterworks,
as deduced on p. 4082 of the United States Lake Survey report for 1904. The
derived values for November, 1881, to April, 1882, inclusive; June, September,
and October, 1882; and December, 1882, to April, 1883, inclusive, have been
obtained by first subtracting 0-48 foot (0-477) from the New Detroit Water-
works' reaclings and then applying the mean monthly fall from St. Clair Flats to
New Detroit Waterworks, as deduced from observations taken at those points
from January, 1889, to June, 1901, inclusive. The value referred to above
(0.48 foot) represents the discrepancy in the elevation of the zero of the New
Detroit Waterworks' gauge, as determined about 1878 and during the period
from 1893 to 1897. In the forty-ninth regular report of the Board of Water
Commissioners of Detroit, it was assumed that the error occurred when the gauge
was moved and that it had remained at a constant elevation from January, 1878,
until 1893. A comparison of these data with those taken simultaneously at St.
Clair Flats Canal indicates that the change occurred after May, 1889. Those

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 793

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for January to March, 1902, inclusive; February to April, 1903, inclusive;
January to October, 1906, inclusive; and August to December, 1907, inclusive,
have been derived from the observations taken at Windmill Point, Lake St.
Clair, by applying the mean monthly fall from St. Clair Flats Canal to Windmill
Point, as determined from simultaneous observations taken at those points from
January, 1897, to July, 1907, inclusive. The monthly mean levels of Lake St.
Clair, at St. Clair Flats Canal, are given in Tabl'e 7.

12. Windmill Point. Water-level readings have been taken at Wind-
mill Point, near the outlet of Lake St. Clair, by the United States Lake Survey,
from 1897 to 1907, inclusive, with the exception of February, 1898, and May and
June, 1902. The monthly mean stage values from January, 1860, to December,
1896, inclusive, and for the three missing months mentioned above, have been
derived from the St. Clair Flats Canal readings by applying to those values the
mean monthlj' fall from St. Clair Flats Canal to Windmill Point, as determined
from simultaneous observations made at those points from January, 1897, to
July, 1907, inclusive. The monthly mean values at Windmill Point are given
in Table 8.

13. Amherstburg. For several years, commencing with July, 1899,
water-surface readings have been taken at the foot of the Detroit River, by
which a good relation has been obtained between the water levels at Cleveland,
Ohio, and Amherstburg, Ont. The values from January, 1860, to June, 1899,
inclusive, and July to December, 1907, inclusive, were derived by applying to
the Cleveland, Ohio, readings the mean monthly fall from Amherstburg to
Cleveland, as determined from simultaneous observations at those places from
July, 1899, to December, 1904, inclusive. The Amherstburg monthly mean
water-surface readings are shown in Table 9.

14. Cleaeland. Water-level readings of Lake Erie have been taken at
Cleveland, Ohio, from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, with the exception of January,
1877, and October, 1880, to March, 1881, inclusive, which values have been
supplied by applying to the monthly mean values for Erie, Pa., the corresponding
j'early mean difference of stage between Erie and Cleveland. The values from
January, 1860, to December, 1903, inclusive, have been taken from the United
States Lake Survey report for 1904, beginning with p. 4097. Those from
January, 1904, to December, 1907, inclusive, have been taken from the United
States Lake Survey annual reports. These monthly mean water levels of Lake
Erie, at Cleveland, Ohio, are given in Table 10.

15. Buffalo. All of the water-surface records taken at Buffalo, prior to
March, 1887, were accidentally destroyed, and values have been derived from
Cleveland readings by applying to such readings the mean monthly fall from
Cleveland to Buffalo as derived from simultaneous observations taken at those
places from June, 1899, to December, 1906, inclusive. Values for January and
February, 1901, and December, 1902, have been supplied in the same way.
From 1888 to 1898, inclusive, the monthly means have been derived from the
U. S. Lake Survey tables by subtracting 0.1 foot from the records there given.
This correction has been determined by a comparison with Cleveland of the
mean of the three months, June, July, and August, for each year during this
period. From March, 1899, to December, 1907, inclusive, the gauge records
have been taken with a self-registering automatic gauge, located at the Buffalo
Breakwater Light-house. The monthly mean elevations of Lake Erie, at Buffalo,
N. Y., from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, are given in Table 11.

16. Charlotte. Water-level readings of Lake Ontario have been taken
at Charlotte, N. Y., from January, 1860, to October, 1907, inclusive. In 1906,
the United States Lake Survey's automatic gauge was destroyed and since that
time has not been replaced. These monthly mean water-surface elevations of
Lake Ontario at Charlotte, N. Y., are given in Table 12.

794 DEPARTMEy'T OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

17. Oswego. Water-level observations have been taken at Oswego, X.Y.,
from 1860 to 1907, inclusive. These water levels give the true elevations of
Lake Ontario for that period, with the possible exception of some spring months
when the Oswego River, is at flood stage. These water-surface elevations of
Lake Ontario, at Oswego, N. Y., are given in Table 13.

18. Ogdexsbcrg. The water-level records of the St. La^\Tence River,
taken at Ogdensburg, N. Y., are very incomplete. The missing monthly means
for Ogdensburg have been derived from Oswego readings by use of the following
equation, which has been derived from monthly mean levels at those two places,
as deduced from simultaneous observations: (Ogdensburg — 240) =0-9426.
(Oswego — 240) — 0-553. The St. LawTence River water levels, at Ogdensburg,
are showii in Table 14.

19. Lock 27. The Canadian Government has observed the stage of water
on the sills of the several locks in the St. LawTcnce canals for many years. The
observations taken at Lock 27, which is located at the head of Galop Rapids in
the St. LawTence River, date from January, 1875, and are complete to December,
1907, inclusive, with the exception of June, 1878, February, 1880, and August
and September, 1890, the values for which have been derived from Oswego values,
using the follomng formula: (Lock 27— 240) = 0 ■ 9457 (Oswego— 240)— 1 -845.
For the period from January, 1860, to December, 1874, inclusive, the water-
level values have been derived from Oswego, N. Y., readings according to the
above formula, which assumes a mean-fall relation between Oswego and Lock
27 during that period. Table 15 gives the monthly mean water-level records
of the St. La^NTence River, at Lock 27, head of Galop Rapids, from 1860 to 1907,
inclusive.

20. Lock 24. The water-level readings at Lock 24 have been observed
from Januar}', 1880, to December, 1907, inclusive, and are complete with the
exception of"February, 1880, April and May, 1882, and May, 1890. Lock 24
is located at the head of the Morrisburg Canal. This canal was built along a
portion of the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, and provides a 14-foot
navigable channel around the Rapide Plat. Table 16 gives the monthly water
levels at Lock 24, head of Rapide Plat, St. LawTence River, from January, 1880,
to December, 1907, inclusive.

21. Lock 21. The stage observations taken at Lock 21, the upper entrance
to the Cornwall Canal and at the head of the Long Sault Rapids in the St.
LawTence River, were begun January, 1870, and are complete to December,
1907, inclusive, mth the exception of September, 1882. The monthly mean
water-surface readings at Lock 21, Cornwall Canal, head of Long Sault Rapids,
St. Lawrence River, are given in Table 17.

22. Plate 1 shows the monthly mean stage of Lakes Superior, Michigan-
Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario from 1860 to 1907, inclusive.

NOMENCLATURE.

23. The follo^\'ing abbreviations and terms are used in this report:
S = Total suppl}' to any lake, in cubic feet per second.

R = Run-off from watershed, in cubic feet per second.

D = Discharge of lake's outlet, in cubic feet per second.

E = Evaporation from lake surface, in cubic feet per second.

P = Precipitation on lake surface, in cubic feet per second.

I = Inflow or transmitted supply from lake above, in cubic feet per second.

L = Local supply, or supply from lake's ovm drainage area, in cubic feet per

second,
s = Storage on lake surface, in cubic feet per second, (positive or negative).
A = .A.rea of lake, in square feet.

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SESSIONAL PAPER No. M'9a

h = Depth, in feet, on lake surface, measured from any datum.

t = Time, in seconds, for one-twelfth of a year.

i = Increment, or rate of change of discharge in cubic feet per second per

foot change in stage.
u = Coefficient.

g = Acceleration due to gravity, =32-2 feet per second,
b = Width of section, or length of crest of submerged weir in feet.
hv = Head, in feet, on crest of submerged weir, measured from upstream side,
ho = Head, in feet, on crest of submerged weir, measured from downstream
side.
F = Fall in stream, expressed in feet.
C = Coefficient.

V = Mean velocity, in feet per second,
k = Theoretical velocity head, in feet, = V- -f- 2g.
ha = Height of swell, in feet.
d = Mean depth, in feet.
Rmax. = Ratio between the maximum value of mean monthly discharge and

the maximum value of mean monthly total supply to any lake.
Tmax. = Time interval in days between the date of the occurrence of the max-
imum value of mean monthly total supply to any lake and that of the
maximum value of mean monthly discharge from that lake.
Tmin. = Time interval in days between the date of the occurrence of the mini-
mum value of mean. monthly total supply to any lake and that of
the minimum value of mean monthly discharge from that lake.

GENERAL EQUATION FOR STREAM FLOW.

24. The discharge equations of all rivers in the Great Lakes system, with the
exception of the St. Marys River, have been derived by use of a submerged-weir
formula. Each river bed has been assumed to represent a submerged weir with
a broad, flat, crest, whose upstream and downstream faces are of considerable
length. The location of the submerged weir has been assumed to be at or near the
critical cross section, which is generally at the head of the river. The submerged
weir formula is generally recognized in one of the following two forms:

D = u| b ^/2i ( h„ - h„ )} + ubho V2g ( h, - h„ )l (1)

D = u|b 2^{^' +-1") (h. -h„ )i (2)

where h represents the depth on the average elevation of the crest of the weir,

measured from the upstream side.

ho; s the depth on the average elevation of the crest of the weir, measured from

^ the downstream side, and
b, the length of the weir crest in feet. The quantity, (ho — ho), represents
the fall (F) in the stream, or the difference between the upstream and down-
stream heads. The quantity, u2/3b v'2g, taken as a whole, represents a variable
coefficient (C) which has been derived for each river and is applicable only to that
river. This submerged-weir formula reduces to the form,

D = CFi(''"+y) (3)

and was so used in deriving the discharge equations of the several rivers. For
every measurement of river discharge, all factors are known, with the exception
of the coefficient, which has been derived. Knowing the way in which the
coefficient for each river varies according to the upstream and downstream head,

796 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

it is a comparatively simple matter to compute the discharges of the several
outlets according to the proper formula. On the St. Clair, Detroit, and St.
Lawrence Rivers, the coefficients vary as a fimction of the upstream and down-
stream head on the submerged weir. The curve used, showing the manner in
which C varies, is the equilateral hyperbola, with its asj-mptotes parallel to the
co-ordinate axes. It is:

y

C= (4)

1+ X
h.
in which C is the coefficient depending on ho or ho , the upstream or downstream
head, respectively.

X and y are constants, which represent the distance of the asymptotes from the
y and x axes, respectively.

For convenience in deriving the unknowTi values, this hjperbolic equation has
been transferred into a straight line equation by dividing by y, which gives

1

C =

1 X

- + - (5)

y yto

and then taking the reciprocal of each member.

l^l^^^l (6)

C y y ho

DISCHARGE OF ST. MARYS RIVER, OUTLET TO LAKE SUPERIOR.

25. The St. Marj-s River, from Point Iroquois, in Lake Superior, to the
head of the United States Ship Canal, at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., is a wide
stream with comparativel}' little slope, there being about two-tenths of a foot
fall in this distance. At the latter location, rapids (about one-half a mile in
length) connect the upper and lower St. Marys River. The submerged weir of
rock at the head of these rapids controls the discharge of water from Lake Su-
perior, and any change in this submerged W'cir would cause a change in the volume
of discharge for the same stage. Anj' auxiliary chaimel coimecting vnth the pool
immediately above the weir would increase the river discharge for the same stage
by the volume thus diverted. During the epoch, 1860 to 1907, inclusive, the
regimen of the St. Marj-s River, above the rapids, was changed on several
occasions. In 1887 and 18S8, the International Bridge across the St. Marys
Rapids was constructed. Prior to that time, the river discharged at the bridge
site through four chaimels, viz., the main rapids and three small streams situated
between the islands Ij'ing adjacent to the north shore. The building of the
bridge piers and approaches and the filling in of portions of the three small
streams (called a, b, and c) on the north side of the main channel reduced the
effective area at this critical discharge cross section so that the flow of the St.
Marys River was materially decreased.

26. In 1889, the Canadian Water Power Company (now the Lake Superior
Power Compau}') commenced work on a powder plant and used for its canal
the northerly of the three small streams (c) previously mentioned. The flow
therein was practically stopped until the latter part of 1895, when this power
plant was opened. During the year 1892, the Edison Sault Electric Light &
Power Company (now the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company) built
a dyke from the second pier on the American side of the International Bridge,
parallel to the shore, for a distance of about 1,500 feet down the stream. The

INTEKNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 797

SESSIONAL PAPER No. r9a

area inclosed by the American shore and this dyke is used as'a forebay I)y the
power company practically shutting off from the main channel the flow through
these two spans. By December, 1892, the flow of the river had been restricted
by the building of the piers and approaches to the International Bridge, the shutting
off of spans 1 and 2 from the main channel on the American side, and the closing
ofstream c on theCanadian side. Beginning in December, 1895,theLakeSuperior
Power Company started the o])eration of its plant on a large scale, using water
at the rate of approximately 3800 cubic feet per second. This power plant
has been in continuous operation since then, with the exception of February
and March, 1896, and has gradually increased the quantity of water used until
• it now reaches about 6,000 cubic feet per second. The use of water by the
American and Canadian locks has also increased from time to time until it now
amounts to an average flow of about 600 cubic feet per second. In 1901, the
Michigan Lake Superior Power Company started work on the construction
of a compensating works in the rapids of the St. Marys River, about 300 feet
above the International Bridge. These works practically shut off the entire
flow through spans 9 and 10 the first two spans on the Canadian side of the
river. In January, 1905, the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company began
to divert water through its canal, using about 8500 cubic feet per second at
that time.

27. Discharge Measurements. During the winter of 1896, discharge
measurements of the St. Marys River were taken by the United States Govern-
ment at Spry's Dock Section, located about a mile below the St. Marys Rapids.
The discharge equation deduced from these observations, modified for the
various efflux conditions, has been the governing factor for the determination of
the outflow of Lake Superior from January, 1860, to September, 1901, inclusive.
The derived equation is:

Driver =18826 (Southwest Pier Gauge -600) +37060. (7)
See 1906 United States Lake Survey report (unpublished).

28. The Southwest Pier Gauge is located at the southwest pier above the
American locks at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. At the time that these measurements
were taken, the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company was using 1065 cubic
feet of water per second through its works; streams a and b on the north side
of the main channel were still open, and the Lake Superior Power Company's
plant was closed.

29. In 1902, the United States Lake Survey measured the flow through
the St. Marys Rapids at the International Bridge, which connects Sault Ste.
Marie Mich., with Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. The discharge equation derived
from these observations gives the flow through the rapids after spans 9 and 10
(the first two spans on the Canadian side) were closed by the construction of
the compensating works of the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company.
It is:

Deapids = 15540 (Southwest Pier Gauge -600) +30510. (8)

30. During February and March, 1905, observations of the flow in the
St. Marys River were taken at "Section Brewery," located about 2000 feet
below the Spry's Dock Section. The discharge equation derived from these
measurements is:

Driver = 18484 (Southwest Pier Gauged -600) +41829. (9)
This formula gives the total flow of the river, while that derived from the
1902 measurements gives only the flow through the St. Marys Rapids.

31. »S/. Marys River Discharge Formulce. as Used for the Different Efflux
Conditions. — The discharge formula governing the first period, 1860-1888,
inclusive, was derived from the measurements made in 1896 and 1902 (the
fifth and tenth periods of efflux) in conjunction with hydraulic data taken at
the International Bridge Section in 1901 and 1902. The mean stage of the

798 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

St. Marys River at the Southwest Pier (above the locks), Sault Ste. Marie,
Mich., from 1871 to 1905, inclusive, was 601-86 feet above mean tide at New
York. The 1896 discharge measurements give: Driver = 18826 (Southwest
Pier Gauge — 600) +37060. The discharge of the river at mean stage was 72076
cubic feet per second. Deducting from this value 1065 cubic feet per second
(the amount of water used by the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company)
and 1798 cubic feet per second ( the discharge of two small streams on the north
side of the rapids) gives the flow through the main channel of the St. Marys
Rapids as 69200 cubic feet per second. From the vertical and transverse
percentage velocity curves deduced from observations made at the Bridge
Section, for spans 3-10, inclusive, in 1901, and for spans 3-8, inclusive, in 1902,
the ratio of flow of the entire cross section to that for any partial section has
been determined. These curves show the modification in the transverse velocity
curve due to the construction, by the Michigan Lake Superior Company, of
the compensating works located about 300 feet above the bridge. With these
data, the transverse percentage velocity curve at the International Bridge Section,
for the first period, has been constructed for the entire main channel, which
included the channels for spans 1 and 2 of the bridge, next the American shore.
This curve has been integrated and its mean ordinate, or mean percentage velocity
computed. The product of this value and the mean velocity of the rapid's
flow at mean river stage under the 1896 conditions, or during the fifth period
of efflux, gives the mean velocity for themain channel under the original conditions
or for the first period of efflux. The product of the mean velocity and the area
of the cross section before the bridge was built gives the discharge of the main
channel for mean river stage. The equations giving the actual computations
are:

Di = Ai (~r-^ ""^^'^ percentage Vi^ = Ai Vi (10)

= 13690 f 69200 Qg25 ^ = 13690 X 6.01 = 82280 cubic feet
V 10650 J

per second, discharge of main channel for mean river stage under original con-
ditions.

32. With the volume of flow known for mean river stage, the only remaining
step is to derive the increment of discharge per foot change in stage. In deriving
this increment, use has been made of Bernouilli's theorem applied to open
channels with steady flow, expressed as follows:

Friction head = F + X!i->-«™_^ _ V'downstream ^^^

2g 2g

33. It has been assumed that the friction heads before and after the rise
were proportional to the squares of the respective velocities at the Bridge Sections.
The two cross sections used are: The upper one, located nearly opposite the
Southwest Pier Gauge, and the lower one, at the International Bridge. Under
original conditions, the areas of the upper and lower cross sections were 46260
and 13690 scjuare feet, respectively, and the widths were 3400 and 2383 feet,
respectively, at 601 -86 feet, the mean river stage at Southwest Pier Gauge.
According to formula 10, the discharge of the river at this stage was 82280 cubic
feet per second. The corresponding mean water surface at the Bridge Section
was 600-56 feet. Substituting these values in the preceding formula gives:
Friction head before rise = 1 -30+0.049-0-562 = 0-787 foot. Actual measure-
ments taken under the conditions existing for the fifth and tenth periods show
that a rise of 1 foot at Southwest Pier Gauge for mean river stage caused a rise
of 0-636 and 0-592 foot at the bridge, respectively. These are the values for

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 799

SESSIONAL PAPER No. -19a

rise before and after compensatins works had been constructed. The mean
of the above values (0-614 foot) has been used as the assumed rise under condi-
tions, since the relation appeared to be nearly constant for two radically different
discharge periods. After a rise of 1 foot at the upstream section, the mean velocity

D , (^ Y

became .q^^p. feet per second, and the corresponding velocity head was v49660/.

For the rise of 0-614 feet at the downstream section, the mean velocity became

rvTT7.feet per second, and the corresponding velocity head wasV15150y. The

" 2g
potentia Ihead after rise was: F = 1 -30 + 1 -00-0-61-1 = 1 -686 feet. Substituting
the new values in Bernouilli's formula gives: Friction head after rise = 1*686 +

V49660/-~V 15150^. Under the previous assumption that the friction heads

2g 2g

before and after the rise were proportional to the square velocities we have:

^no-. . aoa , V 49660 / V 15150 >/ « „,, / D V
0.787 : 1.686+ ^ ^^— ::6 01-: (^-^-^)

(12)

Whence D = 103840 cubic feet per second. This value represents the dis-
charge through the main channel at 1 foot above mean river stage, 601-86.
The difference between this discharge value and 82280, the discharge for mean
stage, is 21560 cubic feet per second, the increment of discharge for 1 foot
rise above mean stage. This method was also used for the determination of
the increment for one foot below mean stage, which gave 20720. The mean
of 21560 and 20720, viz., 21140 cubic feet per second, has been used as the
increment of discharge.

34. The discharge formula governing the flow through the main channel
for the first period is as follows:

Di MAIN CHANNEL = 21140 (Southwcst Picr Gaugc— 601 • 86) + 82280.

(13)

35. The two small streams (a and b) situated on the north side of the
main channel had a flow of 1800 cubic feet per second at mean river stage,
with an estimated increment of discharge per foot rise of 950 cubic feet per
second. The third small stream (c) situated also on the north side of the main
channel had an estimated flow of 1800 cubic feet per second at mean river
stage, with an estimated increment of discharge per foot rise of 950 cubic feet
per second. By combining the above results, the discharge formula of the
St. Marys River for the original conditions, or first period (January, 1860,
to November, 1888, inclusive) before any alterations had occurred in the outlet
to Lake Superior above the St. Marys Rapids, is:

Di = 23040 (Southwest Pier Gauge — 601 86) + 85880. (14j

36. The construction of any engineering structure necessarily takes time;
so, in the building of the piers and approaches for the International Bridge,
some time elapsed before the completion of the substructure. It is assumed
that original conditions prevailed to December 1, 1888, after which the piers
and approaches for the International Bridge are considered as having been
completed, and stream c, adjacent to the north shore, as ha\-ing been closed.
This date marks the beginning of the second period, which is assumed to con-
tinue to December, 1892, inclusive. The discharge formula governing the flow

800 DEPARTifEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

through the main channel for this efflux condition has been computed in the same
way as that for the first period. It is:

D-MUN- CHANNEL = 19080 (Southwest Pier Gauge — 601-86) +77200.

(15)

37. Two small streams (a and 6) situated on the north side of the main
channel were still flo-«ing, as in the first period. Combining the results of the
flow through the main channel and streams a and b gives the total flow- in the
St. Marys River for the second period as:

D, = 20030 (Southwest Pier Gauge — 601-86) + 79000. (16)

38. For the third period, January, 1893, to November, 1895, inclusive,
the efflux condition was the same as that for February and March, 1896, when
the discharge measurements were taken. It is assumed that the Chandler-Dunbar
Water Power Company closed spans 1 and 2, on the American end of the Inter-
national Bridge, at the beginning of this period. The volume of water used by
them was estimated to be about 1065 cubic feet per second. Streams a and b
were still flowing. The equation of discharge for St Marys River for the third
efflux condition is:

D3 = 18826 (Southwest Pier Gauge - 600) + 37060. (17)

39. In December, 1895, the beginning of the fourth period, the Lake
Superior Power Companj' began using water on a large scale, estimated by the
chief engineer of the Lake Superior Power Company at 3800 cubic feet per
second. The Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company is assumed to have
been still using 1065 cubic feet per second. Streams a and b were still flowing.
The discharge equation for the fourth period, from December, 1895, to January,
1896, inclusive, is:

D4 = 18826 (Southwest Pier Gauge - 600) + 40860. (18)

40. The fifth epoch, February and March, 1896, marks the date of the
first discharge measurements of the St INIarys River used in this report. The
discharge formula for the river flow is:

Di = 18826 (Southwest Pier Gauge - 600) + 37060. (19)

41. For the sixth period, April, 1896, to December, 1897, inclusive, the
auxiliary flow is estimated at 3500 cubic feet per second through the works
of the Lake Superior Power Company. Streams a and b were still open. The
Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company was using approximately 1065 cubic
feet per second. The three latter are included in the river discharge formula
as derived form observations made in February and March, 1896. The dis-
charge equation of the St IMarys River for this period is:

Ds = 18826 (Southwest Pier Gauge - 600) + 40560. (20)

42. For the seventh period, January, 1898, to March, 1899, inclusive,
4000 cubic feet per second is estimated as the side flow through the works of-
the Lake Superior Power Company. Streams a and b were still flowing. The
Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company is estimated to have been still using
about 1065 cubic feet per second. The discharge through the locks for this
period and previous thereto has not been incorporated in the discharge equations
owing to the fact that it is considered to have been, comparatively, a small
quantity. The discharge equation giving the flow of the St Marys River for
this period is:

D7 = 18826 (Southwest Pier Gauge - 600) + 41060. (21)

43. For the eighth period, April, 1899, to December, 1899, inclusive, the
side flow through the M-orks of the Lake Superior Power Company is estimated
at 4000 cubic feet per second. Streams a and 6 were still flowing. The Chandler-
Dunbar Water Power Company is assumed to have increased its flow at the
beginning of the period from 1065 cubic feet per second to 1400 cubic feet
per second. It is estimated that the American and Canadian locks were using
at that time an average flow of 600 cubic feet per second. By combining the

nTERNATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 801

SESSIONAL PAPER No. I^a

above data, the ner.side flow, other than that at the time of the 1896 discharge
measurements, = 4000 + (1400 - 1065) + 600 = 4935 cubic feet per second
(4940 used). The discharge formula for the St Marys River for this period is:
D, = 18826 (Southwest Pier Gauge - 600) + 4200. (22)

44. For the ninth period, January, 1900, to September, 1901, inclusive,
streams a and b are assumed to have been closed at the beginning of the epoch.
The shutting of these two channels decreased the increment of discharge per foot
rise by 950 cubic feet per second, or to 17880, but did not change the total dis-
charge for the main channel at stage 600 on account of the discharge of streams
a and b being approximately zero at this stage. The side flow through the works
of the Lake Superior Power Company is estimated to have been 5000 cubic feet
per second. The Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company and the American
Canadian locks are assumed to have been using 1400 and 600 cubic feet per
second respectively. By combining the above data, the net side flow of the river,
other than that at the time of the 1896 measurements, was: 5000 + (1400 —
1065) + 600 = 5935 cubic feet per second, (5940 used). The discharge for-
mula for the St. Mary's River for this period is:

D9 = 17880 (Soutiiwest Pier Gauge -600) + 43000. (23)

45. For the tenth period, October, 1901, to December, 1904, inclusive, the
discharge formula derived from the measurements taken at the International
Bridge in 1902, after the compensating works had been constructed l)y the
Michigan Lake Superior Power Company, is:

Dio MUN- CHANNEL =15540 (Southweist Pier Gauge — 600) + 30510.

(24)

46. This equation represents the flow through the St. Marys Rapids and
does not take into account the flow through the Chandler-Dunbar Water power
Company's forebay and plant. Previous to this period, the quantity of water
used by the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company is considered directly in
the discharge equation. The side flow through the works of the Lake Superior
Power Company is estimated to have been 5000 cubic feet per second. The
Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company and the American and Canadian
locks are estimated to have been using about 1400 cubic feet per second, and 600
cubic feet per second, respectivelJ^ The discharge formula of the St. Marys
River, used for the efflux condition, is:

Dw = 15540 (Southwest Pier Gauge -600) + 37510. (25)

47. For the eleventh period, January, 1905, to December, 1907, inclusive,
the discharge formula depends on discharge measurements made by the United
States Lake Survey in February and March, 1905, at "Section Brewery,"
located about 2000 'feet below Spry's Dock Section, which was situated opposite
the power house belonging to the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company.
During this period, the side flow through the works of the Lake Superior Power
Company, the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company, the Chandler-Dunbar
Water Power Company, and the American and Canadian locks is estimated at
6000, 8500, 1,400, and 600 cubic feet per second respectively. The discharge
formula giving the total flow of the river for this period, based on the 1905 mea-
surements, is:

Da = 18484 (Southwest Pier Gauge -600) +41830. (26)

48. It has been noted that the discharge formulse for efflux periods 10 and
1 1 show a difference in the increment of discharge of 2944 cubic feet per second
for substantially the same conditions, the only known change in the regimen being
an assumed constant diversion of 8500 cubic feet per second through the canal
of the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company. This difference in increment
is probably due in part to greater leakage at high stage through the dam of tlie
Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company.

802

DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

49. The following table gives a summary of the discharge equations for the
St. Marys River for the several efflux periods :

TABLE 18.

Summary of St. Marys River Discharge Equations for the
Different Efflux Conditions.

No. of Period.

Length of Period.

Discharge Equation, St. Marys River.

1.
2.,
3.,
4.,
5.,
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.

11.

Jan. 1860— Nov.
Dec. 1888— Dec.
Jan. 1893— Nov.
Dec. 1895— Jan.
Feb. 1896— Mar.
Apr. 1896- Dec.
Jan. 1898— Mar.
Apr. 1899— Dec.
Jan. 1900— Sep.
Oct. 1901— Dec.
Jan. 1905— Dec.

1888 D' =
1892 D= =
1895, D' =

1898 D' =

1896 D' =

1897 D» =

1889 iD' =

1899 D* =
1901 ID' =
1904 D'« =
1907 D" =

=23040
20030
■■ 18826
18826
d8826
=18826
=18826
=18826
= 17880
=15540
= 18484

(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest
(Southwest

Pier gauge — 601 •
Pier gauge — 601 ■<
Pier gauge — 600-1
Pier gauge — 600'
Pier gauge — 600-
Pier gauge — 600-
Pier gauge — 600 -^
Pier gauge — 600 ■(
Pier gauge — 600.

86) +85880
86) +79000
00) +37060
001+40860
00) +37060
00) +40560
00)+41060
00) +42000
--- ^--„- -- 00)+4.3000
Pier gauge— 6O000)+3751O
Pier gauge— 600-00)+41830

Southwest Pier Gauge gives the elevation of the water surface of St. Marys River at Southwest Pier,
above the locks, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., above mean tide at New York.

50. The monthly mean discharge values of the St. Marys River, from
January, 1860, to December, 1907, inclusive, are given in Table 19.

51. Probable Effect upon Mean Level of Lake Superior of Obstruc-
tions IN St. Marys River at Head of Rapids. Any obstruction placed in the
river at or near its critical or controlling discharge section changes the volume
of flow and effects the level of the lake above and also the levels of those below.
The construction of the piers and approaches of the International Bridge changed
the discharge of the river and raised the mean level of Lake Superior. The shutt-
ing off of spans 1 and 2 on the American side, from the main channel, by the
Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company, and the construction of the compen-
sating works by the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company have also had
their effect on the level of Lake Superior and the Lower lakes. The ultimate
effect of these obstructions placed in the main channel has been derived for mean
river stage on the assumption that no diversions have been made by the Lake
Superior Power Company or the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company.
This maximum effect on lake levels has not entirely taken place, owng to these
diver.sions by the said power companies. In treating this subject, use has been
made of the incomplete-weir formula, river-discharge increments and river-gauge
relations. The discharge through the main channel of the St. Marys Rapids
for the third to ninth periods, inclusive, for mean river stage at Southwest Pier
Gauge, (1871 to 1905, inclusive,) 601-86, has been previously computed as 69200
cubic feet per second. The corresponding measured mean water surface at the
International Bridge Section during the period of flow was 600-61. In 1902
after the compensating works of the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company
were built, practically closing spans 9 and 10, the mean water surface of this
section was measured as 600.98 for the same discharge, 69200 cubic feet per
second. The rise of 0 • 37 foot in the water surface represents the swell, lis , at the
International Bridge Section, due to the shutting off by the compensating works
of the two spans on the Canadian side of the rapids. These actual measurements
afford a means for determining an experimental value of u in the incomplete-
weir formula :

I^-TEKXATIOyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 803

SESSIONAL PAPER No. I1>9a

f

3

whereD = 69200 cubic feet per second, the discharge through the St. Marj's
Rapids, in third to ninth periods, inclusive, with mean water surface at Inter-
national Bridge of 600 • 61 , and in tenth period with mean water surface of 600 • 98,
b., = 1511 feet, width of channel after obstruction by compensating works,
2g = 64-4 feet per second per second,
hs = height of swell, in feet.

k = -— = L^/ _-?JL = 0-655 foot = theoretical velocity head previous to

placing of obstruction, and where Ab is area of cross section of main channel
before compensating works were built = 10650 square feet.

d =^ = — H^= 5-937 feet mean depth previous to construction of works,

bs 1794
where bs is width of channel in third to ninth periods, inclusive. Substituting these
values in the above equation and solving gives a value for u of 0-899. The
building of the piers and approaches of the International Bridge, according to
computations, reduced the discharge through the main channel from 82280 to
77200 cubic feet per second, decreased the channel width from 2383 to 2232 feet,
and changed the cross-sectional area from 13690 to 12490 square feet. Subs-
tituting these values in the incomplete-wier formula and using the experimenta,
value of u (0-90) gives the swell, hs , at the bridge site, due to the construction
of the piers and approaches, as 0 ■ 183 foot. The corresponding rise at Southwest
Pier was 0 - 298 foot. This latter value represents the estimated rise in mean lake
level caused by the building of the International Bridge. About four years
after the International Bridge was built, the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power
Companj' shut off spans 1 and 2, on the American side, from the main channel.
This obstruction reduced still more the mean discharge through the main chan-
nel. Using the incomplete-weir formula,

D = ub V'2-g j -f- ((be + k)? - k?j -f d(bs + k'^ }

for determining the effect of building the bridge piers and approaches and closing

spans 1 and 2, where D = 82280 cubic feet per second, discharge at mean river

level, under original conditions,

u = 0'90, experimental coefficient for present case,

bA= 1794 feet, width of channel after obstructions were built,

2g = 64-4 feet per second,

Y2 fD/A )-
k =Y-= 2 ' = 0-562 feet, theoretical velocity head previous to placing

of obstructions, where Ab is area of cross section of main channel before struc-
tures were placed = 13690 square feet.

d=r-^= 5-745 feet = mean depth before structures were placed, where bs

= 2383 feet.

and solving for h, gives 0 -496 foot as the swell at the Bridge Section due to the
construction of these works. The discharge formula for the flow through the
main channel of the rapids, after the bridge piers and approaches were built and
spans 1 and 2 were closed, according to 1896 measurements, is: Drapids 3-9 =
17880 (Southwest Pier Gauge— 600-00) -|- 35995, while that after the compen-
sating works were built, according to the 1902 measurements, is: Drapids 10 = 15540
(Southwest Pier Gauge— 600 -00) +30510. The increment at Southwest Pier
Gauge, as determined in 1896 and 1902, is 17880 and 15540, respectfully, while
that at the Bridge Section for the 1896 conditions was unknown, and for 1902

804 DEPARTilEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

was 22600. In order to determine the increment at the bridge, mider the 1896
conditions, the assmuption has been made that the increments of discharge per
foot rise under the same efflux conditions are directly proportional for various
points m a stream. This proportion is; Increment Southwest Pierio: incre-
ment Southwest Piers — 9 :: increment Bridgeio : increment Bridges — 9 or,
inserting values, 15540 : 17880 :: 22600 : X. Solving: X = 26000. The difference
between the discharge through the main channel in the rapids for the first period
and the third-ninth period is 82280—69200 = 13080 cubic feet per second. This
quantity represents the volume of water cut off bj' the construction of the bridge
piers and approaches and closing of spans 1 and 2. Since 1 foot rise at the bridge,
under original conditions, is equivalent to an increase in discharge of 26000, then
the swell caused bj' these obstructions involving a reduction in discharge of 13080

13080
cubic feet per second is ofiiwr = 0 ' ^03 foot. The swell at the bridge, due to the

building of the piers and approaches for the International Bridge, the shutting
off of spans 1 and 2 by the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Companj', and the
closing of spans 9 and 10 by the construction of the compensating works, com-
puted by the incomplete-weir formula, is 0-817 foot. Substracting 0-37 foot,
the actual measured swell due to the building of the compensating works, gives
0 . 447 foot as the swell at the Bridge Section due to the building of the piers and
approaches of the international Bridge and the shutting off of spans 1 and 2.

52. Summarizing: The swell at the Bridge Section, due to the construc-
tion of the piers and approaches and shutting off of spans 1 and 2, is:

Incomplete weir, (direct) 0 ■ 496 foot

Increment • 503 foot

Incomplete weir, (indirect) 0-817 — 0-370 -447 foot

Mean swell -482 foot

53. The above value represents the swell at the bridge due to these obstruc-
tions, but it does not represent the true effect on the St. Marys River at South-
west Pier. Since the increment of discharge at southwest Pier is 17880, the swell
at that point due to decreasing the discharge through the rapids by 13080, is

13080

oa()o() =0-732 foot. By water-surface relations between Southwest Pier and

mean water surface at Bridge, it is found that for mean river stage (601-86) at
Southwest Pier, the corresponding mean water surface at Bridge is 600-613.
Adding 0-482 foot, the mean swell at the bridge due to the construction of the
piers and approaches and shutting off of spans 1 and 2, gives 601 -095 as the new
mean water surface. The gauge readings at Southwest Pier, corresponduig to
this mean surface at the bridge, is 602-645. The difference between 602-645
and 601 ' 86 is 0 ' 785, the swell due to buil4ing these obstructions.

54. Summarizing: The swell at Southwest Pier, due to building the piers
and approaches for the International Bridge and shutting off of spans 1 and 2, is:

Increment method 0 ■ 732 foot

Gauge relations -785 foot

]\Iean -758 foot

55. During the period immediately following the building of the compen-
sating works, the mean water surface at the Bridge Section was 600-54 for mean
river stage. The rapids' discharge, corresponding to this gauge height, was 59300

I'NTERyATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 805

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

cubic feet per second. The difference between the mean rapid's discharge before
and after the building of these worlis is computed to be 69200—59300 = 9900
cubic feet per second. The increment of discharge at the bridge, as determined
by measurement, was 22600. From these data, the swell at the bridge is com-

9900
puted to be „ „ =0-439 foot. Actual measurements taken before and after

the compensating works were built give the swell at the bridge as 0-37 foot.

56. Summarizing: The swell at the bridge Section, due to the construction
of the compensating works, is :

Increment (direct) 0 • 439 foot

Actual measurement • 370 foot

Incomplete weir (indirect, 0-817—0 -482) -335 foot

Mean -381 foot

57. The swell at the southwest pier for this period, computed by the in-

9900
crement method, is = 0 - 638 foot, while by gauge relations it was 0 • 648 foot.

J.OO'xU

The mean of these two values gives 0 • 643 foot as the rise in the mean river stages
at the southwest pier due to the compensating works.

58. SuMAiARY. The mean stage of St. Marys River at the southwest pier,
from 1871 to 1905, inclusive, is 601 -86. The effect of the building of the piers
and approaches to the International Bridge and the shutting off of spans 1 and 2
on the American shore by the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company was to
raise the mean river level at the southwest pier 0 • 758 foot, or to an elevation of
602-618. The effect of the construction of the compensating works on the mean
river level at Southwest Pier was to raise it 0 - 643 foot, or to a new mean river
stage of 603-261. The mean water surface at the International Bridge, after
the compensating works were built, corresponding to 603-261 at Southwest
Pier, was 601-423 feet. Substracting from this value the swell at the bridge,
due to the compensating works, namely, 0-381 foot, gives the mean water surface
at the bridge, before the compensating works were built, as 601 -042. Substract-
ing from this new value 0-482 foot, the swell at the Bridge Section due to the
construction of the piers and approaches to the International Bridge, and the
shutting off of spans 1 and 2 from the main channel, gives 600-56 as the original
mean water surface at the Bridge Section. The effect of placing obstructions
in the St. Marys River at or near the International Bridge site has been to raise
the mean level of the river at the bridge and Southwest Pier, and also the mean
level of Lake Superior. If no diversions from the upper river had occurred the
ultimate rise in the mean level of the St. Marys River and Lake Superior would
have been approximately 1 -40 feet; but, owing to diversions having taken place,
this rise has been diminished.

ST. CLAIR RIVER DISCHARGE.

59. During the period from April, 1899, to September, 1902, inclusive,
the United States Lake Survey measured the discharge of the St. Clair River,
the outlet to Lake Huron, in the vicinity of Port Huron, Mich. These measure-
ments have been used in deriving a formula for the flow of this river in terms of
G.T.R. and Dry Dock gauge heights. The elevation of the crest of the submerged

19a— 55

806 DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

weir has been assumed at 543 feet above mean sea level. The St. Clair River
discharge formula, as derived is:

^ ^ ( Co., „. + C... -^ ^h ( h. + -^ ) (28)

in which the coefficients depending on the stage at G.T.R. and Dry Dock,
derived from the discharge measurements, are:

2700-316 , ^ 2766-21 , ,. ,

Co.....= 6^.872 ^ ' ^'^d C„.„. = 61.982 ^ respectively.

60. This discharge equation of the St. Clair River, depending on the gauge
readings at G. T. R. and Dry Dock, has been transformed to one depending on
G. T. R. a-id St. Clair Flats, on account of the long series of readings taken at the
St. Clair Flats Canal. In order to substitute the St. Clair Flats Canal readings
for Dry Dock readings in the discharge formula, the following equation was used:
(Fall, G. T. R. to St. Clair Flats Canal) = 7-4482 (Fall, G. T. R. to Dry Dock) =
1 -9607. The St. Clair River discharge formula, as transformed, is:

■pv _ CG.T.B.~t"CBT. CLAIB FLATS CANAL F fhv + _ "\ f29)

The coefficients drived in this transformed equation are :

1308339 ■, r. _ 1445-118

ana l^st. clair flats canal

"•'■"■ 64-674 ^ =.. .^„ ....= ...... 59.i23_ ^

ho ho

61. This last equation, expressed in terms of St. Clair Flats and G.T.R.,
has been used to compute the mean discharges of St. Clair River from 1860 to
1907, inclusive.

62. In 1900, the Chicago Drainage Canal began diverting water from Lake
^lichigan. The quantity used from 1900 to June, 1904, inclusive has been
computed from data furnished the Commission by the United States Engineer
Office at Chicago. The flow through the canal for the last half of the year 1904,
and 1905, 1906, and 1907, has been assumed to be the quantity authorized in
the permit of the Secretary of War.

DETROIT RIVER DISCHARGE.

63. The Detroit River discharge equation has beeu'derived from measure-
ments taken at Fort Wayne, Mich., by the United States Lake Survey during
the summers of 1901 and 1902. The elevation of the crest of the weir is assumed
as 540 feet above mean sea level. A part of these observations were rejected
owing to the fluctuation in the level of water at Amherstburg during the dis-
charge measurement. The remaining discharges were'used in determining the
discharge equation. The discharge formula, as derived, is:

Dr

+ Cam h. t?4 /, , hD

^^■Fi(hc+y). (30)

in which C-n-. ft. for the upstream head at Windmill Point
11-745,
52-248 _i

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 807

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

Camh. for the downstream head at Amherstburg _ 20 ■ 529

ti0 083_j

ho

F = fall, Windmill Point to Amherstburg,

Jij, = upstream head on crest of submerged weir, determined by Windmill
Point gauge heights,

hn = downstream head on crest of submerged weir, determined by Amherst-
burg gauge heights.

64. Owing to the lack of sufficient observations, no winter discharge for-
mulae have been derived for the Detroit or St. Clair Rivers. It is, undoubtedly,
true that for the same slope the discharge is less with an ice covering than with-
out one, on account of the increased friction.

Ice gorges occur in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers nearly every winter,
creating an abnormal slope in the river that is gorged. Under such conditions,
the discharge value, computed from the river not gorged, has been used as the
correct monthly mean inflow to Lake Erie.

65. The monthly mean discharge values of the Detroit River from January,
1860, to December, 1907, inclusive, are given in Table 20.

NIAGARA RIVER DISCHARGE.

66. The discharge of the Niagara River has been determined bj^ measure-
ments taken at the International Bridge, located at Buffalo, N.Y., and at a
point about 1800 feet do^vai, stream at the "Open Section." These observations
were begun in 1897 under the direction of E. E. Haskell, Engineer for the United
States Deep Waterways Commission. At the conclusion of this work, the
United States Lake Survey continued the measurements in 1898, 1899, and 1900.
These measurements have been reduced on the assumption that the outlet of
Lake Erie is a submerged weir with a broad, flat, crest, whose upper nappe is
about one mile in length and the lower one about two, with the crest section at
or near the Buffalo Waterworks' Intake Pier. The Niagara River discharge
formula, as derived, is

Dniagara = CbF

j(hu. + t^). (31)

in which F = fall from Buffalo Breakwater Light-house, in Lake Erie, to Austin
Street, in Niagara River,

hu = upstream head on crest of submerged weir, determined by Buffalo Break-
water Light-house gauge,

ho = downstream head on crest of submerged weir, determined by Austin
Street gauge,

C = -0-02458hn + 2.550,

556'35 = the average elevation of the crest of the weir above mean tide at New
York,

b = width of crest section, at Waterworks' Intake, which is determined as follows:
Compute the mean fall in the Niagara River from Buffalo Breakwater Light-
house to Austin according to the formula, F = 0'02976X=-0'4896X+6-5828,
in which X = Lake Erie stage at Buffalo Breakwater Light-house gauge above
elevation 560 feet. Substitute this value for fall, or the actual fall between these
two points in the equation, (Fall, Buffalo Breakwater Light-house to Water-
works' Intake = 0'4916 (Fall, Buffalo Break-water Light-house to Austin Street)
4-0"6553, and solve for fall from Buffalo Breakwater Light-house to Waterworks'
Intake Section. Determine the corresponding stage of water at Waterworks'
Intake Section by subtracting the fall from Buffalo Breakwater Light-house to
19a — 55^

808 DEPARTMEXT OF I'CBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 19-3

Waterworks' Intake Section from Lake Erie stage as measured at Buffalo Break-
water Light-house. Then substitute in the equation, b = 80 (Waterworks'
Intake stage above mean tide at New York) —43598, and solve for the width of
the crest section.

The monthly mean discharge values of the Niagara River, from January,
1860, to December, 1907, inclusive, are given in Table 21.

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER DISCHARGE.

67. The St. Lawrence River discharge formula has been determined from
discharge measurements made by the L'nited States Lake Survey in 1901 and
1902 at 'Three Points Section,' situated about 15 miles below Ogdensburg,
N.Y., and 9 miles below the head of the Galop Rapids. During the measure-
ments, no simultaneous gauge readings were observed at Lock 27. Since the dis-
charge equation is expressed in terms of Ogdensburg and Lock 27 gauge heights,
the latter have been computed for each measurement according to the equation,
(Ogdensburg —240) =0-0006489 (Lock 27— 240)2+0-97085 (Lock 27—240)
+ 1'3502, which was derived from simultaneous monthly mean readings taken
at the two places. This method was deemed most accurate, for, during the
months when observations were taken, the slope between Ogdensburg and
Lock 27 approximated very closely the mean slope computed by the above
formula. It has been assumed that the submerged weir lies between Ogdensburg
and Lock 27, near the head of the Galop Rapids, and the mean elevation of the
crest of this weir is 230 feet above mean sea level at New York. The discharge
equation, as deduced for summer flow, May to November, inclusive, before
the Gut channel at the Galop Rapids was closed, is:

Dl (SUMMER) ST. LAWRENCE = ^°° ^ '^'^ F* (hu + ^). (32)

In which Cog ., for the upstream head measured at Ogdensburg self-registering
114430-485

gauge, is =

152-389 , I

54597 ■ 508
C27, for the downstream head, measured at Lock 27, is = ,q . ., — '

F=fall, Ogdensburg to Lock 27,

hu = upstream head on crest (elevation 230) of submerged weir, determined
by Ogdensburg gauge height,

ho = downstream head on crest (elevation 230) of submerged weir, determined
by Lock 27 gauge height.

68. The slope in the river, from Oswego and Ogdensburg to Lock 27, in-
creases in the winter, due to the ice covering, which causes increased friction
with the water and decreases the discharge for a given stage. The average
increase in fall for the winter season, between 27 and Ogdensburg, has been
determined as 0"31 foot. For any given stage at Lock 27, with mean summer
slope to Ogdensburg, the discharge of the St. Lawi-ence River can be derived
by formula (32). With this knowTi river discharge and stage at Lock 27, and
with Ogdensburg gauge heights increased by 0'31 foot for average winter con-

INTERNATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 809

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

ditions, a solution for C in the submerged-weir formula has been made. This
operation was repeated so as to cover the range in stage at these two gages.

69. The winter discharge equation, *as deduced, covering the period from
December to April, inclusive, and before the Gut chaimel at the Galop Rapids
was closed, is:

Dl (WINIXR) ST. LAWRENCE = ^'°° + ^^7 p^ A^^ + ^)' (33)

in which Crc, for the upstream head, measured at Ogdensburg self-registering

. ^, . . . 131202-913,

gauge m the wmter season, is = 200:737 —

"h^ "^ ^
C27 , for the downstream head, measured at Lock 27 in the winter season, is
_ 53597-993,
1

F = fall, Ogdensburg to Lock 27,

h-c = upstream head on crest (elevation 230) of submerged weir, determined

by Ogdensburg gauge heights,

he = downstream head on crest (elevation 2313) of submerged weir, determined

by Lock 27 gauge heights.

70. As previously stated, the winter months have been considered as
December to April, inclusive. During many of these months, ice gorges have
occurred in the river, above the Galop Rapids, which conditions have invalidated
the winter-slope relation and caused abnormally high discharge values. For-
timately, below the Galop there are two more submerged weirs, one at the head
of Rapide Plat, near Lock 24 on the Morrisburg Canal, and the other at the
head of the Long Sault Rapids, near Lock 21 on the Cornwall Canal, at which
points water-level observation have been made by the Canadian Government
for many j'ears.

71. Owing to lack of data, the Commission has been unable to derive a
submerged-weir formula for the St. Lawrence River discharge based on the stage
of water at the Rapide Plat and Long Sault Rapids, and has used the overfall-
weir formula derived by the United States Lake Survey for ^ihese two locations,
and has also used in a few instances the overfall-weir formula in terms of Lock
27, when ice gorges occurred at Lock 24 and Lock 21 and the slope in the river
above the Galop was abnormal.

72. These discharge equations for the St. Lawrence River flow are:

D27 ST. LAWRENCE = 5732 (2 • 80 +h27)4 , (34)

D24 ST. LAWRENCE = 16.60 (22 • 10 + h24)2-8, (35)

D21 ST. LAWRENCE = 316-0 (83-0+h2i)2 ^ (36)

where h27. h24, and h^i are the gauge readings above the old lock sill of each
lock or zero.

73. In determining the monthly mean discharge of the St. Lawrence River
for January, February, and ]\Iarch, form 1870 to 1907, inclusive, values have
have been deduced according to the submerged-weir and the three over-fall
weir formulae. The minimum result in each case has been used as the most
reliable value.

74. In 1903, the Canadian Government began work on closing the Gut
channel, the smallest of the three channels at the head of the Galop Rapids.

810 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

The damming of this outlet decreased the discharge of the St. Lawrence River
for any given stage. According to the United States Lake Survey, this change
in flow has been about 5H per cent less than that for the assumed original con-
dition, January, 1860, to August, 1903, inclusive. This percentage change
has been applied to the discharge equations for the period previous to September,
1903, and other discharge formulae deduced.

75. The formula as derived for summer conditions of flow of the St. Law-
rence, after the Gut channel was closed, is:

D2 (summer) ST. LAWRENCE = F* I DtJ 4" "^ I (37)

in which C for the upstream head, measured at Ogdensburg self-registering
1041120-68

gage, is: Coo

146 326 , ^

hu

55685-72!

C for the downstream head, measured at Lock 27, is: €27 =

650-75^ J

ho

F=fall from Ogdensburg self -registering gauge to Lock 27,
hu = upstream head on crest (elevation 230) of submerged weir, determined
by Ogdensburg gauge heights,
ho = downstream head on crest, determined by Lock 27 gauge heights.

76. The St. Lawrence River winter discharge formula, after the Gut channel
was closed, as deduced, is:

Da (winter) ST. LAWRENCE = F^ (he "f- ~^ } I (^8)

135093-09

2 V 2

in which C for Ogdensburg self -registering gauge is: Cog =

226-492

hu

C for Lock 27 is: C.= 52177-516

69-799 ,_ J

hD

The remaining factors are the same as for summer flow.
The monthly mean discharge values of the St. Lawrence River, from Jan-
uary, 1860, to December, 1907, inclusive, are given in Table 22.

DISCHARGE INCREMENTS OF THE RIVER OUTLETS OF THE
GREAT LAKES SYSTEM.

77. The discharge increment, or rate of change of river flow per unit change
in stage, varies in the several river outlets of the Great Lakes. It is not only
different for each river but it also changes with the section and the stage. In
general, the increment at mean stage increases with each river lower in this
series. The Detroit River mcrement is greater than the St. Clair; likewise,
the St. Lawrence River increment is greater than the Niagara. It also increases
as each river is descended. On the Niagara River, the increment at Buffalo
Light-house, Buffalo, for mean stage of Lake Erie, is 23400 cubic feet per second
per foot, while at (irass Island, near the intake of the Niagara Falls Power

INTERNATIOyAV WATERWAYS COMMISSION

811

SES&lONAL PAPER No. '1i9a

Company, at Niagara Falls, N.Y., the increment is about 43000 cubic feet per
second per foot. There are exceptions to this rule when the river section is
contracted. At the head of the Whirlpool Rapids, in the Niagara River, a con-
tracted section reduces the increment to about 9000 cubic feet per second per
foot. In the St. Lawrence River, contracted sections occur at the head of the
Rapide Plat and the head of the Long Sault Rapids. At the former, the incre-
ment is about 22500 cubic feet per second per foot, while at Lake Ontario it
is 28100 cubic feet per second per foot. Table 23 gives the discharge increments,
expressed in cubic feet per second per foot change in stage, of the several river
outlets of the Great Lakes.

INCREiMENTS OF DISCHARGE OF THE SEVERAL RIVER OUTLETS

OF THE GREAT LAKES, EXPRESSED IN CUBIC FEET

PER SECOND PER FOOT CHANGE IN STAGE.

River.

Location of Gauge.

Increment.

Bt. Marys....
St. Clair

Detroit

Niagara

St. Lawrence

Sault Ste. Marie, Mich
Harbour Beach, Mich.

Windmill Point, Mich.,
Buffalo, N.Y

Ogdensburg, N.Y

601-91 (Mean)..

601-602

602-603

581-44 (Mean)

579—580

580-581

581—582

582—583

575-40 (Mean)..

574—575

575-576

576—577

572-67 (Mean)

1570—571

'571-572

572—573

!573— 574

245-28 (Mean)

244—254

245—246

246—247

247-248

18,500
18,. 500
18, -500
18,900
16,300
17,500
19,100
20,900
20,600
18.300
20,900
22,500
23,400
19,600
21,400
23,200
25,100
28,100
26,800
27,600
29,300
29,800

SUPPLY FACTORS OF GREAT LAKES.

78. The total supply (S) of water to a reservoir or lake depends on the
inflow (I) or transmitted supply from another watershed, the precipitation
(P) on the surface of the lake, the run-off (R) from the lake's watershed and
evaporation (E) from the lake's surface; or the outflow or discharge (D) from
and storage (S) in the lake. Of these factors, for the Great Lakes, the trans-
mitted supply (I), the discharge (D), and the storage (S), are known singly,
while the value of precipitation (P), run-off (R), and evaporation (E), is known
collectively.

79. The following equation expresses the total supply to any lake:

S = H-R+P-E = D=FS.

(39)

Now, s =
any datum.

■ Ah, where A is the area of the lake and h the depth in feet above
Transposing and substituting in (39) the value of s, we have:
S-D = Ah (40)

812 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

80. The following equation shows the rate of change in the depth (dh)
at any instant of time (dt) :

(S-D)dt = Adh (41)

Intergrating with respect to t and h between the Hmits o and t and o and h,
respectively, we have:

(S-D) / dt = A / dh (42)

i/ o i/ o

(S-D)t = Ah (43)

81. An inspection of equation (43) shows that when S is greater than D
the lake sui'face is rising and tlie storage is increasing, when S is less than D
the lake surface is falling and the storage is decreasing; and when S is equal
to D the lake surface remains at the same level and there is no change in the
storage.

82. The local supply (L) to a reservoir or lake has been assumed as the
water-j'ield from its own watershed. It is also, in a series of connecting water-
sheds, equal to the total supply (S) minus the transmitted supply or inflow (I)
from the watersheds situated above.

83. The following equation expresses the local supply to any lake

L = S-I = (D:t=s)-I = R + P-E (44)

84. The known supply factors have been deduced for Lakes Superior,
Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario for the period of 48 years, from 1860 to 1907,
inclusive. These results are shown in Tables 24, 25, 26, and 27, and Plates
2-17, inclusive.

85. For Lake Superior, the water levels at Marquette, Mich., have been
assumed to represent the mean lake surface, and those at Sault Ste. Marie,
Mich., (above the locks) have been used in computing the discharge of the
lake's outlet. The stage readings on the first of the month for this lake and those
lower in the series have been interpolated from the monthly mean readings.
For Lake Michigan-Huron, the mean of the stage values for Milwaukee, Wis.,
and Harbour Beach, Alich., has been used for the mean lake surface. Lake
St. Clair has been treated as a part of the Michigan-Huron water-shed, and
the Detroit River, as the natural lake outlet. Since 1900 water has been
diverted from Lake Michigan through the Chicago Drainage Canal. The
St. Clair River is the outlet to Lake Michigan-Huron, but, owing to the apparent
changes in regimen prior to the first accurate discharge measurements in 1899,
it became necessary to eliminate this river and use the Detroit, regardless of
the fact that there have been many more discharge measurements of the St.
Clair. The regimen of the Detroit River has, apparently, remained nearly
constant during the period from 1860 to 1907, inclusive. For Lake Erie, the
water levels at Cleveland, Ohio, have been used to represent the mean lake
surface, and those at Buffalo, N.Y., to govern the outflow through the Niagara
River. The volume of water diverted from the natural outlet of Lake Erie
through the Erie and Welland canals has been estimated at 1000 and 1100 cubic
feet per second, respectively. These amounts, added to the Niagara River
discharge values represent the total outflow from Lake Erie. For Lake Ontario,
the Oswego, N.Y., stage readings have been assumed to represent the mean
water level of the lake. During periods in the spring, when the Oswego River
was at flood stage, these water levels may be slightly in error. The outflow
through the St. Lawrence River has been dri^-cd from the values of the Ogdens-
burg and Lock 27 gauge heights, used collectively, except as heretofore noted.

86. Lake Superior Supply Factors. An inspection of Plates 2-5, inclusive,
shows that Lake Superior had a miximum monthly mean stage of 604-08,
in September, 1869, and a minimum of 600-76, in February, 1871. During

INTERNATIONAD WATERWAYS COMMISSION 813

SESSIONAL PAPER No. '1'9a

the high water of 1876, Superior rose, in August, to 603 '93. On several occa-
sions, the lake level has fallen to about 601-0, or lower, as in 1879, 1880, 1892,
and 1893. Since 1894, Superior has fluctuated between 601-46 and 603-54,
a range of 2-08 feet, while the maximum fluctuation since 1860 has been 3-32
feet. The mean water level for the 48 years, 1860 to 1907, inclusive, was 602 • 32.
The storage capacity of Superior is enormous, one foot depth on the lake surface
being equivalent in volume to a constant inflow of 340,100 cubic feet per second
for one month. During the period which this investigation covers, the storage
has been over X 200000 cubic feet per second, for a month, on several occasions.
In May, 1876, May, 1888, and May, 1899, Superior stored X 207500, X 212600,
and X204100 cubic feet per seconcl, respectively. In August, 1869, the lake
stage increased 0.655 foot, equivalent to X 222800 cubic feet per second storage.
The occurrence of the maximum storage in the month of August is most unusual.
At other times, the lake surface has fallen almost as rapidly. In November, 1869,
November, 1870, December, 1870, December 1780 and December, 1897, the storage
was— 168400,— 188800,— 173400,— 161600, and— 137700 cubic feet per second,
respectively. The corresponding feet depths on lake surface are: — 0-495,
— 0-555, — 0-510, — 0-475, and — 0-405. For the three months of November,
and December, 1870, and January, 1871, Lake Superior fell from 602-47 on
November 1st, to 601-06, on February 1st, a storage of — 1-41 feet. The
outflow from Lake Superior through the St. Marys River has not shown the
fluctuations so noticeable in the storage. In September, 1869, the river dis-
charged 128700 cubic feet per second, and in September, 1876, 121800 cubic
feet per second. These two values represent the maximum monthly mean
discharge to date. On only two ocacssion has the monthly mean discharge
fallen below 50000 cubic feet per second, and that occurred during February
and March, 1893, when it reached 48200 and 48400 cubic feet per second,
respectively. The total monthly mean supply or water-field to Lake Superior
has rangecl between 333300 cubic feet per second, in August, 1869, and — 106600,
in December, 1870, equivalent to 0-980 and ^0-313 foot depth on lake surface,
respectivel.y. A maximum monthly mean supply of X 200000 cubic feet per
second, or more, has occurred in 21 of the 48 years. A minus monthly mean
supply has occurred in 42 of the 48 years. Minus values have occurred in
each month between October and April, inclusive, although December has been
the prevailing one.

87. Lake-Michigan Huron Supply Factors. As shown on Plates 6-9,
inclusive, the monthly mean stage of Lake Michigan-Huron has fluctuated
between 583-58 and 583-60, in July, 1876, and June, 1886, respectively, and
579-00, in December, 1895, a range of 4-6 feet. Previous to 1886, the lake
level had fallen to about 580-2 or 1 -2 feet above the low water of 1895 and 1896,
on only three occasions, March, 1869, March, 1872, and January and February,
1873. Since September, 1890, the monthly mean stage has not exceeded 581-5
except in July and August, 1905, and July, 1907, when it was 581-56, 581-54,
and 581-56, respectively. The mean stage of Lake Michigan-Huron for the
48 years, 1860 to 1907, inclusive, was 581-38. As previously stated, in Table
1, the area of Lake Michigan-Huron is 45,314 square miles. An increase
in depth of one foot on this surface is equivalent to a constant inflow of 480,700
cubic feet per second for one month. The storage on this lake, in May, 1878,
and May, 1876, amoimted to X 251400 and X 254800 cubic feet per second,
respectively, with corresponding depths on surface of 0-523 and 0-530 foot.
A monthly storage of X 150000 cubic feet per second is quite common. Occa-
sionally, the high rate of storage extends over several months, as in April, May,
and June, 1876, when the average monthly increase for this period had a value
of X 220300, equivalent to a total change in stage of X 1 • 37 feet in three months.
On the other hand, when the lake stage had fallen, as in August, September,
October, November, and December, 1871, the average monthly decrease in

814 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

storage had a value of — 183600 cubic feet per second, equivalent to a total
decrease in stage of 1 -91 feet in the five months. The minimum storage occurred
in September, 1871, when it had a value of — 261500 cubic feet per second,
equivalent to a depth on lake of —0 • 544 foot. Values of —150000 to —200000
cubic feet per second have occurred frequently. The outflow through the
Detroit River has ranged from about 275400, "in July, 1883, to 105300, in
February, 1874. The discharge of this river is dependent not only upon the
stage of Lake St. Clair but also upon the fall to Lake Erie. The stage of Lake
St. Clair is, in turn, dependent on the discharge from Michigan-Huron and on
its outflow' to Erie. A large discharge from Michigan-Huron raises Lake St.
Clair quicklj-, while a high stage of Erie decreases the discharge of the Detroit
River and raises Lake St. Clair by backwater. An increasing stage of Lake
St. Clair with constant fall to Erie, or an increasing fall with the same St. Clair
stage, gives increased discharge through the Detroit River.

88. Lakes Michigan-Huron and Erie do not rise and fall simultaneously.
In some cases, the former will be rising and the latter falling. This is usually
what occurs during the winter months of Januarj% February, and March, and
sometimes in December, April, and Ma}'. Ice gorges in the St. Clair or Detroit
River hold back the water, thus depleting the supply to Erie and storing it in
Michigan-Huron. When the gorge occurs in the St. Clair River, Lake St.
Clair falls and the slope to Lake Erie becomes less than normal and that to
Michigan-Huron greater. When the gorge occurs in the Detroit River, Lake
St. Clair rises and the slope to Michigan-Huron is less than normal and that
to Erie greater. If ice gorges of the same intensity should occur in the St.
Clair and the Detroit rivers simultaneously. Lake St. Clair would probably
not indicate the gorged condition, since the discharge increments of the two
rivers would be decreased and the lake would remain at its normal level. By
an inspection of the hj'drograph of the Great Lakes, as shown on Plate 1, the
effect of ice gorges in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers is seen. Attention is
called particularly to the following months as indicating large gorges in the St.
Clair River: February, 1865; March, 1877; January, 1884; February, 1886;
April, 1901, and February, 1902. In each case, the stage of Lake St. Clair
dropped and Michigan-Huron rose. Large ice gorges in the Detroit River
occurred in January, 1870, December, 1876, December, 1880, January, 1889,
and February, 1895. This fact is substantiated by the extreme rise in Lake
St. Clair and by the fall in Lake Erie. The total monthly mean supply to
Lake Michigan-Huron has fluctuated between X 470800 cubic feet per second,
in June, 1883, and — 32000 cubic feet per second, in September, 1871, equivalent
to a depth on the lake of X 0 • 979 and — 0 • 067 foot, respectively. In May
1873, and May and June, 1876, the toatl supply exceeded X450,000 cubic feet
per second. In 10 of the 48 years, the monthly supply has been over X 400000
cubic feet per second. Monthly values of X 350000 cubic feet per second
have occurred in over 60 per cent of the years. Other months show a total
supply of less than 25000 cubic feet per second in many of these years. In
April and May, 1873, May, 1876, and June, 1883, the local supply to Michigan-
Huron was X373000, X365100, X365400, and X389100 cubic feet per
second, respectively, corresponding to depth on lake of 0-776, 0-759, 0-741,
and 0-809 foot, respectively. In September, 1871, the lake lost by evaporation
125700 cubic feet per second more than the actual precipitation on the lake
surface and run-off of the tributary watershed. During the months from
August to December, inclusive, a minus local supply has been common, in some
cases extending over several months. From August to December, 1894, inclusive,
evaporation on the lake surface exceeded the precipitation on the lake surface and
run-off from the tributary watershed, and the stage of lake Michigan-Huron
dropped 1-3 feet.

{NTERNATIOXIL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 815

SESSIONAL PAPER No. '19a

89. Lake Erie Supply Factors. The monthly mean stage of Lake
Erie (see Plates 10-L3, inclusive) during the period covered in this report, has
risen to .574'.52, in June. 1870. The min-mum .stage occmred in February, 1902,
when Erie fell to 570'63. During the latter month, an extensive ice gorge
occurred in the St. Clair River, which explains the extreme low stage of Erie
at the time. Prior to that time, the minimum stage of Erie occurred in November,
1895, when it fell to 570'70. The monthly mean level has fluctuated through
an extreme range of 3'89 feet, while the annual mean oscillation in lake level has
been 253 feet. The mean stage of Erie, from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, was
572'60. The amount of storage for a rise of one foot in the level of Lake Erie, is
equivalent to a flow of 105700 cubic feet per second for one month. On but
one occasion has the storage exceeded +100000 cubic feet per second. In
April, 1873, it had a value of +103600, equivalent to a depth on lake surface of
0.98 foot. During the month of January, 1865, the storage reached a minimum
of — 52900 cubic feet per second, corresponding to — 0-50 foot on lake surface.
A value nearly as small as the latter occurred in November, 1903, when the
storage had a value of — 49700, equivalent to — 0-47 foot. The maximum
monthly mean discharge from Lake Erie, 257800 cubic feet per second, equivalent
to a depth of 2-44 feet on Lake Erie, occurred in June, 1876. The minimum,
168700 cubic feet per second, equivalent to a depth of 1-60 feet on lake surface,
occurred in March, 1896. Ice gorges in the Niagara River, apparently, have
had comparatively little effect on the out-flow from Lake Erie. The maximum
total supply of +314700 cubic feet per second to Erie, corresponding to a
depth of +2-98 feet on lake, occurred in April, 1861. Large positive total
supply values occurred in April, 1862, April, 1873, March and April, 1876
and June, 1883. The Values for the several months are: +307400, +309700,
+295600, +289000, and +290300 cubic feet per second, respectively. In
16 out of the 48 years, a total monthly mean supply of +275000 cubic feet
per second has been exceeded. During the five-month period from February
to June, 1876, inclusive, Erie had a monthly mean total supply greater than
+250000 cubic feet per second, and the stage increased 1-82 feet. At other
times, the total supply has decreased to less than half the maximum. The
minimum, + 146900 cubic feet per second, occurred in October. 1891, and
November, 1903. The supply was nearly as low in January, 1865, and October,
1895, with values of +149300 and .+ 148500 cubic feet per second, respectively.
The total supply to Erie, apparently, has been much less than to the lakes
above. In April, 1873, January and February, 1874, and May, 1892, it exceeded
+ 100000 cubic feet per second by 10600, 3200, 21600, and 9200, respectively.
Minus values occur very frequently. In many years, the last six months give
a minus local supply. From June, 1884, to March, 1885, inclusive, a minus
local supply occurred during the entire period with an average monthly value
of — 40400! During this period, the lake" fell from 574-14, in June, to 571 -92,
in March, a change in stage of — 2-22 feet. The minimum monthly local supply
to Erie of — 63600 cubic feet per second, corresponding to a depth on lake
surface of — 0-60 foot, occurred in December, 1871. From August to November
1867, inclusive, the monthly local supply was —57700,-60500, —61700,
and — 56500 cubic feet per second, respectively. Collectively, these values
are equivalent to a depth on Lake Erie of 2'23 feet. During September, October
and November, 1874, large successive local supply values of — 50600, — 56100,
and — 51200 cubic feet per second, respectively, occurred, equivalent to a total
depth on Lake Erie of 1'49 feet. For September, October, and November,
1884, the monthly local supply was —53100, —57500, and —50600 cubic
feet per second, respectively. These values are, collectively, equivalent to
1-52 feet depth on Lake Erie.

90. Lake Ontario Supply Factors. Referring to Plates 14-17, inclusive,
the maximum stage of Lake Ontario occurred in May, 1870, when the lake

816 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

level had a value of 248-95. lu 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1857, 1876, 18S3, 1884,
1886, 1887, and 1890, the stage exceeded 248-00. In November, 1895, the lake
level dropped to 243-41, which has been the uiinimuni stage during the 48 years
from 1860 to 1907, inclusive. In two other years, the stage has fallen below
244-00. This condition occurred in January, November, and December, 1896
and January and February, 1897. This monthly fluctuation of Ontario is
greater than that in any of the other Great Lakes. The maximum range in
stage is 5-54 feet. Ontario fell from 248-48, in June, 1867, to 244-51, in January,
1868, a change in level of 3-97 feet. The mean stage of lake Ontario, for the
period from 1860 to 1907, inclusive, was 246-19. A foot depth on Lake Ontario
is equivalent to a monthly flow of 76800 cubic feet per second. During Alarch
and April, 1873, and March, 1904, the monthly storage equalled or exceeded
one foot depth on the lake surface, with corresponding storage values of +79900,
+96000, and +76800 cubic feet per second respectively. Twelve of the 48
years had a monthly storage of +50000 cubic feet per second or more. During
October and November, 1867, the minus storage exceeded — 50000 cubic feet
per second, the values being — 53800, and — 57600 cubic feet per second,
respectively. The discharge of the St. Lawrence River shows an extreme
variation of about 130 per cent. This change in flow is small compared with
rivers not having immense storage reservoirs at their sources. The maximum
flow has been computed at 351200 and 350500 cubic feet per second, and
occurred in May, 1862, and May, 1870, respectively. These values may be
slightly too great on account of floods in the Oswego River causing abnormal
gauge readings for lake stage. These maximum discharge values have been
approached in June and July, 1870, when there was little likelihood of the
stage being affected by these local floods. In these two months, the flow has
been computed at 344100 and 343200 cubic feet per second, respectively.
The minimum flow has approximated 155000 cubic feet per second. In February
1875, March, 1900, and February, 1902, the discharge was 157900, 156600,
and 152200 cubic feet per second, respectively. These extreme low discharges
have been caused by ice gorges in the river. The minimum outflow, not caused
by ice gorges, occurred in December, 1895, and December. 1896, when the
discharge was 162500 and 164800 cubic feet per second, respectively. The
total supply to Ontario has fluctuated between the maximum of + 382400
cubic feet per second, in April, 1870, and the minimum of +154100 cubic
feet per second, in February, 1875, a range of 228300 cubic feet per second.
The equivalent depths on lake surface are 4-98 and 2-01 feet, respectively.
In May, 1861, and April, 1862, the total supply was + 377400 and + 375600
cubic feet per second, respectively. Values of 325000 cubic feet per second
have occurred in 17 of the 48 years. Since May, 1893, the total monthly supply
has exceeded + 300000 cubic feet per second in but two years, 1903 and 1904.
In 10 of the 48 years, the yield, or total supply, varied between + 155000 and
+ 175000 cubic feet per second during some months of the winter season. The
Ontario local supply had a maximum of +151800 cubic feet per second, in April,
1870. In January, 1881, the minimum value of — 34300 cubic feet per second
occurred. In 7 years, the monthly mean local supply exceeded +125000
cubic feet per second. In 17 of the 48 years, it exceeded +100000 cubic feet
per second. Minus values occurred frequently. The i)revailing months for
such values have been November, December, January, and February, although
a minus local supply has occurred during all the months from August to February,
inclusive.

MEAN MONTHLY SUPPLY FACTORS OF GREAT LAKES.

91. The mean monthly supply factors covering the period from 1860 to
1907, inclusive have been derived from the monthly mean supply values of the

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 817

SESSIONAL PAPER No. lOa

several lakes for the 48-year period. Table 28 and Plate 18 give the results
in numerical and graphical form. These curves show the mean monthly con-
dition on Lakes Superior, Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario. From Plate 18,
Table 29 has been compiled, which shows the approximate date oi maximum
and minimum monthly mean values of stage, storage, outflow, total supply,
and local supply of Lakes Superior, Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario.

TABLE 29.

DATE OF MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES OF MEAN MONTHLY SUPPLY FACTORS

OF THE GREAT LAKES.

Lake.

Stage.

Storage.

Sep. 20
Mar. 20
July. 20
Feb. 1
Jun. 25
Feb. 10
July 1
Dec. 10

May 20
Dec. 10
May 5
Nov. 1
Apr. 5
Oct. 1
Apr. 5
Sep. 10

Outflow.

Local
Supply.

Superior, maximum

Superior, minimum

Michigan-Huron, maximum
Michigan-Huron minimum.

Erie, maximum

Erie, minimum

Ontario, maximum

Ontario, mimimum

Sep.

1

May

25

Mar.

15

Dec.

15

Aug.

1

May

10

l-'eb.

20

Nov.

10

July

20

Apr.

5

Feb.

20

Oct.

10

July

1

May

5

Feb.

10

Jan.

20

May 25

Dec. 15

May 5

Oct. 25

Apr. 5
Oct. - 1

Apr. 25

Sep. 25

92. The mean monthly stage cycle on Lake Superior has fluctuated between
602.79, in September, and 601.77, in March, a change of 1-02 feet. A plus
storage has occurred during the months of April to September, inclusive, while
a minus storage has occurred during the months of October to March, inclusive.
The maximum mean monthly storage has been 95900 cubic feet per second,
while the minimum has been — 91100. The discharge, or outflow, has increased
from March 15 to September 1, while it has decreased from September 1
to March 15. The mean monthly outflow has ranged between 92800 and
68000 cubic feet per second. The total supply has increased values from
December to May, and has decreased values from May to December. The
mean monthly total supply has had a maximum value of 175700 cubic feet
per second, and a minimum value of 10700 cubic feet per second. This minus
value, which occurs in December, shows conclusively that the evaporation
from Superior may be greater than the precipitation on lake surface and run-off
from its watershed. The mean monthly supply, to Superior, in January, has
been only 2300 cubic feet per second, which proves that evaporation on lake
surface is nearly equal to the precipitation on lake surface and run-off from the
tributary watershed for that month.

93. The mean monthly stage of Lake Michigan-Huron has fluctuated
between 58190, in July, and 580'93, in January and February, a range of 0"98
foot. The storage on Michigan-Huron has been positive from February to
July, inclusive, while it has been negative from August to January, inclusive.
The maximum and minimum mean monthly storage values have been -|- 132300
and — 112200 cubic feet per second, respectively. The mean ihonthly outflow
through the Detroit River has fluctuated from 219700, in August, to 175600
cubic feet per second, in February. This minimum discharge value is probably
too large. The mean monthly total supply has had a maximum value of -|-337-
700 cubic feet per second, in May, and a minimum value of -|- 96200, in Nov-
ember. The mean monthly local supply to Michigan-Huron has fluctuated
between 4-257800 cubic feet per second, in May, and -1-8200 cubic feet per

818

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

second, in October. During October and November, the local supply has been
60 small that the evaporation from the lake surface has been about equal to the
precipitation on lake surface and run-off from the tributary watershed.

94. The mean monthly stage on Lake Erie has ranged from 57-324 iu
June, to 572-03, in Februar^v, a fluctuation of 1-21 feet. The storage on Erie
has had a positive value from February to June, inclusive, and a negative value
from July to January, inclusive. The mean monthly storage has had a maxi-
mum value of +44100 cubic feet per .second, in April, and a minimum value of
— 31100 cubic feet per second, in September. The outflow has fluctuated
between 225700 cubic feet per second, in July, and 198100 cubic feet per second,
in February. The mean monthly total supply has had a maximum value of
+255700 cubic feet per second, in April, while it has fallen to a minimum value
of +179200 cubic feet per second, in October. The mean monthlj' local supply
on Erie has had a positive value from Jkhuary to June, inclusive, and a negative
value from July to December, inclusive. During these last six months, July to
December, inclusive, the evaporation on the surface of Lake Erie has been
greater than the precipitation on the lake surface and run-off from the tributary
watershed. The maximum mean monthly local supply of +56100 cubic feet
per second occurred in April, while the minimum of — 31800 cubic feet per
second occurred in October.

95. The mean monthly stage of Lake Ontario has ranged from 246-95, in
June, to 245-57 in December, a fluctuation of 1 38 feet. The storage has
shown a positive value from Januarj^ to June, inclusive, and a negative value
from July to December, inclusive. The mean monthly storage has had a maxi-
mum value of +34800 cubic feet per second, in April, and a minimum value of
— 28700 cubic feet per second, in September. The mean monthlj' outflow
through the St. Lawrence River has fluctuated between 283600 cubic feet per
second, in July, and 219300 cubic feet per second, in Februarj'. The mean
monthly total supply has had a maximum value of +297500 cubic feet per
second, in May, and a minimum value of +225500 cubic feet per second, in
January. The mean monthly local supply to Ontario has ranged from +83800
cubic feet per second, in April, to +18000 cubic feet per second, in September.

96. The maximum mean monthly supply stage of each lake of the Great
Lakes has occurred at different times in the different lakes. This has been
equally true with respect to the minimum stage. The maximum discharge of
any lake does not occur at the time of the maximum total supply. The mini-
mum discharge of any lake does not occur at the time of the minimum total
supply. The maximum local supply of any lake does not occur at the same
time as the maximum total supply; neither does the minimum local supply of
any lake occur at the same time as the minimum total supply.

97. Table 30 shows the ratios, Rmax., between the maximum value of
mean monthly discharge and the maximum value of mean monthly total supply
for each lake in the system; the time interval in days, Tmax.' which elapsed
between the date of the occurrence of the maximum value of mean monthly
total supply to any lake and that of the maximum value of m( an monthly dis-
charge from that lake; and the time interval, in days, Tmin , which elapsed
between the date of the occurrence of the minimum value of mean monthly total
supply to any lake and that of the minimum value of mean monthly discharge
from that lake.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 819

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

TABLE 30.
Ratios — Rjl« , Tm.^x., and Tm,x.,

Lake.

Max.

Min.

Superior

Michigan-Huron

Erie

Ontario

98 days
82 days
76 days
56 days

91 days
101 days
132 days

20 days

98. The ratio, Rmax , increases with each succeeding lake in the Great
Lakes system. The maximum mean monthly outflow from Superior has been
about 52 per cent of the maximum mean monthly total supply to that lake,
while the maximum mean monthly outflow from Ontario has been about 96
per cent, of the maximum mean monthly total supply to that lake.

99. In order that a comparoisn of the several supply factors of the several
lakes can be intelligently made, part of the data given in Table 28 has been
expressed in cubic feet per second per square mile of watershed. Table 31 gives
the mean monthly values of storage, outflow, and total supply of Lakes Superior,
Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario in terms of the total watershed area, in-
cluding lake surface, above the lake's outlet, and of local supply of the same
lakes in terms of the tributary local watershed area including lake surface. An
inspection of this table shows that the mean monthly outflow from these several
lakes of the Great Lakes system has been remarkably uniform. The maximum
value for Superior has been 1 • 22 cubic feet per second per square mile, while
the minimum value has been 0-89 cubic foot per second per square mile. The
maximum value for Michigan-Huron has been 1 ■ 00 cubic foot per second per
square mile, while the minimum value has been 0-80 cubic foot per second per
square mile. The maximum value for Erie has been 0-89 cubic foot per second
per square mile, while the minimum value has been 0-78 cubic foot per second
per square mile. The maximum value for Ontario has been 0-99 cubic foot per
second per square mile, while the minimum value has been 0-76 cubic foot per
second per square mile.

100. The mean monthlj- total supply to Superior has fluctuated [between
2-31 cubic feet per second per square mile and — 0- 14 cubic foot per second per
square mile. That to Michigan-Huron has fluctuated between 1-53 cubic feet
per second per square mile and 0-44 cubic foot per square mile. That to Erie
has fluctuated between 100 cubic foot per second per square mile and 0-70
cubic foot per second per square mile. That to Ontario has fluctuated between
103 cubic feet per second per square mile and 0-78 cubic foot per second per
square mile.

101. The mean monthly local supply to Superior has fluctuated between
2-31 cubic feet per second per square mile and — 0-14 cubic foot per second
per square mile. That to Michigan-Huron has fluctuated between* 1-79
cubic feet per second per square mile and 0 • 06 cubic foot per second per square
mile. That to Erie has fluctuated between -I- 1-62 cubic feet per second per
square mile and ■ — 0-92 cubic foot per second per square mile. That to Ontario
has fluctuated between -|-l-62 cubic feet per second per square mile and 0-55
cubic foot per second per square mile. The average local supply to Erie is con-
siderably less than that to the other lakes. This is explained in part by the
southerly position of the lake in the chain, the general direction of its principal
axis coinciding with the direction of the prevailing winds, its shallow depth, and

820 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

errors in winter discharge values of Detroit River, — all of which tend to decrease
the local supply factor.

102. A comparison of the total supply values with the outflow or dis-
charge values, expressed in cubic feet per second per square mile, shows the re-
gulating effect of reservoirs on stream flow. Without reservoirs, the run-off
from the lake's watershed is discharged immediately, while, with reservoirs, the
run-off is stored and discharged at an approximate uniform rate. "" ~||

THE REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE AS PROPOSED BY THE UNITED
STATES BOARD OF ENGINEERS ON DEEP WATERWAYS.

103. The United States Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways, in 1900,
reported on the regulation of Lake Erie, in appendix 6 of their report. The
scheme, as proposed by them, consisted of a submerged weir, with regulating
sluices, at the outlet of Lake Erie near the angle in the Bird Island Pier, by
which the level of the lake might be held at or near some fixed stage. The
report says :

' The regulation of the level of the lake implies the maintenance of its surface
at or near some fixed stage, to accomplish which the discharge must be so con-
trolled that it will be at all times approximately equal to the difference between
the supply of water to the lake and evaporation from the lake surface. '
Arid further, in relation particularly to Lake Erie, the report states:
' To regulate the level of Lake Erie so as to maintain its surface near some
fiixed place of reference will require such control of the outflow through Niagara
River that the storage which would naturally occur in the lake will be discharged
during the first half of the year and the outflow will be diminished a like amount
during the last half of the year. This modification of outflow will not materially
change the total volume of discharge for any entire year and will ainount to only
one-fifth of the variation of discharge of the river for different years under present
conditions. The effect of this modification of flow through Niagara River, on
the level of Lake Ontario, will be to slightly increase the rate of rise in the spring
and make the date of maximum stage a little earlier.'

104. The scheme of regulation, as proposed bj'' the Board of Engineers on
Deep Waterways, is to not allow the monthly mean stage of Lake Erie, at
Buffalo, to rise above 574-5 feet, old levels, or 574-7 feet, 1903 levels, above
mean tide at New York. The minimum monthly stage of lake surface, under
regulation, is not definitely stated, but it is intimated to be about 573-7 feet,
1903 levels, in the following paragraphs taken from their report:

(1) 'The three months in which the supply was materially in excess of the
discharge for proposed regulated stage were February, March, and April, during
which the excess averaged 19000 cubic feet per second, corresponding to a rise
of 0-2 foot in February, 0-2 foot in March, and 0-15 foot in April. Hence, if
the level of the lake, when regulated, should be allowed to fall 0-6 foot every
year after the close of navigation, it is probable that the excess of supply over
discharge would never cause the surface to rise above the plane of regulation.'

(2) 'In the fall of 1875, the discharge of Niagara River was 60000 cubic
feet per second less than the capacity of the regulating works; and, if the lake
had been regulated, with the sluices of the regulating works all open, the surface
would have been lowered one foot in about two months, or suSicient to have
stored the escessive supply which occured in the spring of 1876, with a margin
of 0-4 foot for contingencies.' '

105. According to the discharge equation determined by the Board of
Engineers on deep' Waterways, the maximum discharge of Niagara River was
277270 cubic feet per second, with the lake regulated at stage 574"70, 1903 levels,
and the minimum discharge was 178000 cubic feet per second at stage 570'70,

INTERNATIONAL WATEIiWATS COMMISSION 821

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

1903 levels. The discharge formula of Niagara River, deduced by the Inter-
national Waterways Commission, is based upon more complete data and gives
the minimum discharge as 261500 cubic feet per second at 574-7, 1903 levels,
and the maximum as 166700 cubic feet per second at stage 570-7, 1903 levels.
In this report, the latter discharge values are used instead of those of the Board
of Engineers on Deep Waterways.

PRACTICAL REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE BETWEEN STAGES
573-7 AND 574 -7, 1903 LEVELS.

106. In working out a practical scheme for regulation, it is quite necessary
to set a definite elevation for the regulated stage of Lake Erie at the beginning
of each month. The stage values used in this investigation are given in Table 32.

TABLE 32.

Stage of Lake Erie Desired on First of Month, with Regulated

Conditions.

Month.

Stage Desired

at Beginning

of each month .

Month.

January 1 . .
February 1

March 1

April 1

May 1

June 1

July 1

573 ■ 8
573-7
573-7
573-8
573-9
574-0
574-0

August 1 . . . .
September 1
October 1 . . .
November I
December 1.
January 1 . . ,

Stage Desired

at Beginning

of each month.

574 0
574 0
574-0
574 0
573-9
573-8

107. The maximum desired stage of water from June 1st to November 1st,
inclusive, as shown in the above table, allows 0-7 foot for contingencies, which, as
will be seen, is not adequate. The regulation of the elevation of the level of
Lake Erie between stages 573 - 7 and 574 • 7 is a difficult proposition on account of
the variation in total supply. It is impossible to estimate this factor with any
degree of accuracy on account of the fluctuation of inflow, precipitation, run-off,
and evaporation. This fact is very strongly brought out in the data and results
shown in Table 33 and Plate 19, 'Regulation of Lake Erie between stages 573-7
and 574-7.' The difference between the expected total supply and the actual
total supply for any one month has been as great as -1-47800 cubic feet per
second, in April, 1891, and — 40200 cubic feet per second, in April, 1892, which
would have caused a difference in the expected change in the stage of Lake Erie
of 0-4 to 0-5 foot. In June, 1892, (see Table 33) the lake level is supposed to
have reached 574.0 on the 1st of July, and regulating works are assumed to have
been set to give a discharge that would bring the lake to this stage by the first
of the following month, but, owing to the increase in the actual total supply over
the expected total supply, the lake would have risen to 574-64, which is 0-64
foot more than the desired and estimated stage. This unlooked-for variation
in a high-water year, such as 1876, might prove disastrous if the lake level were
at or near stage 574-7. By examining Table 33, it is also seen that the regulated
level of Lake Erie would have fallen, in most years, during some of the winter
months, to 573-3, approximately, or 0-4 foot below the minimum stage set by
the Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways, but would have risen above 573-7
19a— 56

822

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

by the opening of the season of navigation. With the proposed scheme of regula-
tion, for the period from 1890 to 1906, inclusive, the level of Lake Erie would
have risen 0-04 foot above 574-7, in June, 1892.

108. The period from 1890 to 1906, inclusive, does not include an extreme
liigh-water year. If the proposed scheme of regulation had occurred in 1876,
when the monthly mean stage of Lake Erie reached 574-5, in June, then the
assumed maximum level (574-7) would have been exceeded, during April to July,
inclusive by 0-03, 0-19, 0-20, and 0-05 foot, respectively (see Table 33).

109. During the period from 1890 to 1906, inclusive, with regulation, the
mean level of Lake Erie would have been raised from 572 • 1 to about 573 - 9, an
increase in mean stage of 1 -8 feet. During the low-water year of 1895, the mean
annual level, with regulation, would have been 2-57 feet higher than the actual
stage. The extreme low monthly mean stage of 570-71, in November, 1895,
would have been raised by regulation to 573-59, an increase of 2-88 feet. The
actual oscillation in monthly mean water level of Lake Erie has been about 3 - 89
feet. With regulation as proposed, the range of monthly mean oscillation would
have been reduced to 1 • 43 feet during the year, and to 1 - 14 feet during the navi-
gation season.

110. Perfect regulation is impossible. The monthly increase in stage of
Lake Erie, with natural conditions, is frequently 0 • 4 to 0-5 foot; occasionally
exceeds 0 - 8 foot ; and has been as great as 0 - 98 foot. Daily oscillations in the
stage are occasionally as large as 7 or 8 feet, and hourly variations sometimes
exceed 2 feet. Southwesterly storms on the lake raise the water level at Buffalo
and lower it at Amherstburg by several feet from the normal. This difference
of level has been as large as 15 feet with the severest storms. The control this
daily and hourly variation in stage of Lake Erie within small limits is impossible.

EFFECT OF REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE, BETWEEN STAGES

573-7 AND 574-7 ON WATER LEVELS OF LAKE

ONTARIO AND ST. LAWRENCE CANALS.

HI. The effect of the regulation of the stage of Lake Erie between 573-7
and 574-7, on the water levels of Lake Ontario, for the period from 1890 to 1906,
inclusive, is shown on Plate 20, which illustrates the increased range in stage of
Lake Ontario and the detrimental effect to navigation in the St. Lawrence canals
due to the proposed regulation of Lake Erie under the scheme proposed by the
Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways.

PRACTICAL REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE BETWEEN STAGES
572-0 AND 574-5, 1903 LEVELS.

112. Inasmuch as it is deemed impracticable to regulate the monthly mean
stage of Lake Erie between stages 573 - 7 and 574 • 7 feet above mean tide at New
York, as proposed in the plan of the Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways,
the investigation was continued to determine the limits between which the regu-
lation of the monhly mean stage of Lake Erie would be practicable.

113. As in the previous plan of lake regulation, a definite elevation for the
stage of the lake on the first of each month has been assumed. These values
represent the limits within which it would be necessary to attempt to hold the
stage of Lake Erie so that the maximum and minimum monthly mean water
levels of 574-5 and 572-0. respectively, would not be exceeded. Table 34 shows
the assumed elevations desired on the first of month, of the water surface of
Lake Erie, for regulation of its monthly mean stage between 572 - 0 and 574 - 5.

INTERNATIOXAL WATERWATS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. rQa

823

TABLE 34.

Stage of Lake Erie Desired on First of Month with Lake
Regulated Between 572.0 and 574.5.

January 1 . .
February 1
March 1...

April 1

May 1

June 1 . .
July 1.

572'
572'
572
372
572
572-
.i7?

August 1

September 1 .
October 1... .
November 1.
December 1 . .
January 1 .

572-5

572'
572-
572
572-
572-

114. An inspection of Table 34 shows that 2 -0 feet and 0-2 foot have been
allowed for the actual fluctuations from the desired maximum and minimum
monthly mean stages, respectively, of Lake Erie, with regulation. This extreme
allowable fluctuation from the desired maximum is necessitated by the extreme
high water of 1876, dunng which year the surface of Lake Erie, at Buffalo, reached
a mean level of 574-49, in June, or but 0-01 foot less than the maximum monthly
mean stage allowable with regulation.

115. As 1876 is the controlling high-water j^ear, so 1895 is the controlling
low-water year. Computations have been made for these two extreme years
instead of for the period from 1890 to 1906, inclusive, as in the investigation of
the scheme outlined by the Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways.

116. Table 35 and Plate 21 show that, with regulation, the water levels of
Lake Erie, at Buffalo, differ but slightly from the actual levels for the year 1876,
while for the low-water year of 1895 the annual mean level for the extreme low-
water months of November and December (both in the nas'igation season)
would be increased from 570-71 and 570 -97 to 572 - 09 and 572 • 34, respectively,
or a change of -f 1 • 38 feet and +1-37 feet, respectively.

EFFECT OF REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE, BETWEEN STAGES
572 0 AND 574-5, ON WATER LEVELS OF LAKE ONTARIO
AND ST. LAWRENCE CANALS.

117. Any change in the outflow of Lake Erie will change the water levels
of Lake Ontario. If the inflow to Ontario is increased, the lake level will rise,
and with decreased inflow the level will fall. Table 36 and Plate 21 show the effect
on the water levels of Lake Ontario for the years of 1876 and 1895, if Lake Erie
stage had been regulated between stages 572 0 and 574-5 for those years. The
effect of the regulation of Lake Erie would have been to increase the fluctuation
in stage of Lake Ontario, causing higher stage in spring and lower stage in the
autumn than under actual conditions.

118. For the high-water year of 1876, during which time the regulated
inflow would have differed but slightly from the actual, there would have been
no appreciable increase in the fluctuation in stage on Lake Ontario, and at no
time during the year would the regulated stage differ from the actual by more
than 0- 12 foot. In 1895, however, a low-water year on Lake Ontario as well as
on Lake Erie, the fluctuation would have increased with the result that during

19a— 56 i

824 DEPARTHEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

the months from September to December, inclusive, the regulated stages would
have fallen to 243-70, 243-26, 243-08, and 243-33, respectively, or 0-34, 0-38,
0-33, and 0-18 foot, respectively, below the actual stages for those months.

119. During an extended period, such as from 1890 to 1906, inclusive,
differences of 04 to 05 foot between the actual stage of Lake Ontario and the
stage that would have prevailed under regulated conditions on Lake Erie would
be of frequent occurrence. Unfortunately, these variations, with respect to
actual stage, are generally negative during the period of low water and positive
during the period of high water. Such conditions, caused by regulating Lake
Erie, would injuriously affect navigation in the St. Lawrence canals and would
decrease the draft of vessels by 0-4 to 0-5 foot, in the Galop canals, and 0-7 to
0-8 foot, in the Morrisburg canals. Barges and tows that now load to 14 feet
draft would be compelled to load to not more than 13 -2 or 13-3 feet draft during
September, October, and November, in most years, and in some years, during
the entire season of navigation.

EFFECT OF REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE, BETWEEN STAGES 572-0
AND 574-5, ON WATER LEVELS OF
NIAGARA RIVER.

120. By the proposed system of regulation, the stage of water in the
Niagara River would not fluctuate through any greater range than under actual
conditions. During the winter months, more frequent low water would probably
occur under regulation than under actual conditions, in which case the power
companies at Niagara Falls would probably have more difficulty in keeping the
channels to their intakes free from ice. During the fall months, navigation in
the river might be slightly interfered with owing to the storage in the lake of a
part of the natural discharge.

EFFECT OF REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE, BETWEEN STAGES 572-0
AND 574-5, ON WATER LEVELS OF LAKE ST. CLAIR,
LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON AND
CONNECTING W^ATERS.

121. By the proposed regulation of Lake Erie between stages 572-0 and
574-5, the mean level of this lake would have been raised about 1 foot. This
increase in stage would have decreased the mean slope in the Detroit River and
would have caused Lake St. Clair to rise until the discharge through the Detroit
River had a value equal to the discharge under natural conditions for the same
period. An examination of Tables 8 and 9 shows that the mean stage of Lake
St. Clair, at Windmill Point, was 575-40, and that of the lower end of the Detroit
River, at Amherstburg, was 572-84. From equation 30, the discharge of the
Detroit River is computed to be 204900 cubic feet per second for mean stages of
575 - 40, at Windmill Point, and 572 - 84, at Amherstburg. For this river-discharge
value and with the stage at Amherstburg increased by 1-0 foot, the amoimt
that mean level of Lake Erie would have been raised by triangulation, it is
found that the stage of Lake St. Clair, at Windmill Point would eventually rise
0-61 foot. This value represents the effect on the stage of Lake St. Clair due to
the increase of 1 -0 foot in mean stage of Lake Erie under regulation.

122. The rise between actual and regulated low- water stage of Lake
Erie would be greater than the corresponding rise between actual and regulated
high-water stage. The effect of this would be to slightly lessen the discharge of
the Detroit River at low stage and to slightly increase it at high stage.

liiTERNATIOSAL WATERWAYS GOMMISSIOy 825

SESSIONAL PAPER No. HiQa

123. As backwater from Lake Erie raises the water level of Lake St. Clair, "
so backwater from Lake St. Clair raises tlie water level of Lak« Michigan-Huron.
For a given flow in the Detroit River, an increase in the stage of Lake Erie causes
an increase in the stage of Lake St. Clair; likewise, for a given flow in the St.
Clair River, and increase in the stage of Lake St. Clair causes an increase in the
stage of Lake Michigan-Huron. 63^ the method used above, the effect on
the water level of Lalke-Michigan-Huron, caused by 0-61 foot backwater on
Lake St. Clair, due to the regulation of Lake Erie, has been computed to be 0-27
foot rise.

124. A study of Plate 21 shows that for a year of excessive, or above-normal
supply, such as 1876, the regulation of Lake Erie would not materially improve
navigation. In 1895, a year of deficient supply, the mean level during the
eight-month season of navigation would have been increased from 571-31 feet
under natural conditions, to 572 ■41. under regulated conditions, and navigation
on Erie would have been improved by an increased stage of 1 ■ 1 feet. The reg-
ulation of Lake Erie, between stages 572-0 and 574-5, would raise extreme low
stage for the navigation season by at least one foot, without an appreciable
increase in the extreme high stage. This increase in low stage is equivalent to
deepening every harbor and channel in Lake Erie by that amount ; in the Detroit
River and Lake St. Clair, by at least 0-61 foot; and in the St. Clair River and
Lake Michigan-Huron by at least 0 - 27 foot.

REGULATION OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

125. The regulation of the stage of Lake Superior has been suggested as a
means (first) for improving navigation on that lake, and (second) to compensate
for the diversion of water from Lake Michigan-Huron through the Chicago
Drainage Canal.

126. This Commission has already recommended in its report upon the
conditions existing at Sault Ste. Marie that "the level of St. Marys River, above
the rapids, shall be maintained between the elevations 601-7 and 603-2 above
mean tide at New York." The monthly mean stage of St. Marys River, above
the rapids, has not risen above 603-2 since 1860, except in September and
October, 1869, and July, August, and September, 1876. It has fallen below
601 '7 on numerous occasions, generally during the winter months. In 1879
and 1891, the monthly mean stage did not exceed 601 -5, while in 1892 it exceeded
601-7 in only one month. The fail in the water level of the St. Marys River
above the rapids, below 601 -7, for the ice months of January to April, inclusive,
does not interfere with navigation on Lake Superior. The monthly mean water
level of Lake Superior was below 601-7 about 20 per cent of the navigation
season (May to December, inclusive) from 1860 to 1888, inclusive. For this
cycle of years, the regimen of the St. Marys River had not been materially altered
by artificial works. With the completion of the International Bridge piers and
approaches in 1888, and the shutting off of spans 1 and 2 of this bridge from the
rapids by the Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company, in 1892, these two
principal obstructions to the natural outflow from Lake Superior have raised
the water level so that it has not fallen below 601 • 7 more than about 2 per cent
of the navigation season from 1893 to 1907, inclusive. The difference can not
be attributed to the variation in the total supply, or water-yield, to Lake Su-
perior; for, as a matter of fact, the average total supply for the period from
1860 to 1888, inclusive, was about 4400 cubic feet per second greater than for
the period from 1893 to 1907, inclusive.

127. The construction of the compensating works at the head of the St.
Marys Rapids by the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company, in 1901 and
1902, cut off a flow of about 9900 cubic feet per second. The 8500 cubic feet

826 DEP.lUTMKyT OF PTfil.IC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

per second of water used by this company since 1905 nearly neutralizes the effect
of these works.

128. The regulation of Lake Superior during the navigation season, between
the elevations 601 -7 and 603-2, as measured by the level of the St. ]Marys River
above the rapids, has been accomplished under the conditions that did exist,
and no further works seem to be necessary until a change in the artificial diver-
sions at Sault Ste. IMarie is made.

129. If the monthly mean level of Lake Superior were to be controlled
during the na\ngation season within a smaller fluctuation than 1-5 feet, then the
outflow through the St. Marys River would have to be artificially controlled.
In order to eliminate the monthly mean fluctuation in large natural reservoirs,
such as Lake Superior and the other lakes in this systeu, it would be mecessary
to increase the fluctuations of outflow to correspond to the fluctuations of total
supply to that reservoir, to accomplish this result on Lake Superior, the
monthly mean outflow would have had a maximum value of 333300 cubic feet
per second, iu August, 1869, and a minimum value of —106600 cubic feet per
second, in December, 1870. Such fluctuations ju outflow are impossible, since
the minimum discharge of any stream is zero. When the total supply is minus,
the level of the lake or reservoir will fall even if the outflow is entirely shut off.

130. The question that now presents itself, since perfect regulation of Su-
perior is impossible, is: Can the fluctuations in stage of Lake Superior be mater-
ially reduced; and if so, what would be the effect on the lower lakes. An
examination of Table 24 shows that during November and December, 1870,
and January, 1871, the total monthly supply to Lake Superior for these three
consecutive months was —99500, —106600, and —42900 cubic feet per second,
respectively, equivalent, collectively, to a total depth on the lake surface of
— 0-732 foot. The level of Lake Superior actually fell 1-41 feet during this
period, but, even if the outflow through the St. Marys River had been entirely
shut off, the lake would still have fallen over eight and three-quarters inches.
During May, June, and July, in the high-water year of 1876, the total monthly
supply to Lake Superior was 303300, 291200, and 205000 cubic feet per second,
respectively,— a total of 799500 cubic feet per second, equivalent to a depth
on hike surface of +2-351 feet. The outflow through the St. Marys River tor
the corresponding period was 95800, 109200, and 120000 cubic feet per second,
respectively, or an average monthly flow of 108300 cubic feet per second. Grant-
ing that this enormous supply of water could have been predicted— an impossi-
bility— and that the St. Marys River could have discharged twice the average
monthly outflow, or 216600 cubic feet per second, for three months, through
artificial works and channels, which would be very costly to construct. Lake
Superior would still have risen over 5^ inches.

131. If the monthly oscillations in stage of Lake Superior could be mater-
ially reduced, then the monthly mean flow through tlie St. ]\Iarys River would
fluctuate more than it actually does. L'uder present conditions, the outflow
through the St. Marys Ri^^er is the greatest during August, September, and
October, when the stage of Lake IMichigan-Huron is faUiug very rapidly. Under
these natural conditions, the water from Lake Superior aids in the attempt of
nature to hold the stage of Lake Michigan-Huron at a fixed elevation. If the
outflow from Lake Superior in an average year were increased as much as 50
per cent during August, September, and October, the level of Lake Michigan-
Huron would be raised only about 0 - 1 foot per month for tliese months, since
the discharge through the St. Marys River is not the supply factor that produces
the principal efl'ect on the stage of Lake Michigan-Huron.

132. These cases show, first, that the artificial regulation of Lake Superior
would not materially decrease the present fluctuation of water level; second,
that Lake Superior is one of the best naturally regulated bodies of water in the

INTERNATIONAL WATEHWAYfi COMMISSION 827

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1«a

world; and, third, that the effect of the artificial regulation of the level of Lake
Superior on the level of Lake Michigan-Huron would produce only insignificant
results.

DIVERSIOX OF WATER THROUGH CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL,
THE EFFECT OF pIVERSION ON LAKES MICHIGAN-HURON,
ERIE, AND ONTARIO, AND THE REGULATION OF LAKE
SUPERIOR TO COMPENSATE FOR DIVERSION AT CHICAGO.

133. The Chicago Drainage Canal has diverted water from Lake Michigan-
Huron since 1900. This has lowered the level of Lakes Michigan-Huron, St.
Clair, Erie, and Ontario, regardless of the fact that these lakes are at higher
stages than they were when the canal was opened. These higher stages are due
to the increase in the quantity of water supplied since 1900. If this supply had
not been increased, then the stages of the lakes would have been actually less.
Plates 22, 23, and 24 show the monthly loss of level on Lakes Michigan-Huron,
Erie, and Ontario, respectively, under the actual diversion through the Chicago
Drainage Canal, and also under assumed diversions of 10000 and 14000 cubic
feet per second.

Table 37. — Loss of Level on Lakes Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario under
the actual Diversion and under assumed Diversions of 10000 and 14000
c. f. s. through the Chicago Drainage Canal, 1900-1907. inclusive.

Lake.

Loss

OF Level in

Inches.

Actual
Diversion.

Assumed Diversion of

10000 c. f. s.

14000 c. f. s.

2-1
24
1-1

6-i

Q 8

Erie

8 '

Ontario

g

134. The stage of Lake Michigan-Huron is 2 5-8 inches lower than it would
have been if there had not been any water diverted through the Chicago Drainage
Canal. Likewise, the stages of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario are 2}4 and 1 |
inches lower, respectively, than they would have been with no diversion at
Chicago. If the quantity of water diverted through the canal had been as much
as 10000 or 14000 cubic feet per second, then the effect would have been pro-
portionately greater.

135. Since the effect of the diversion is to lower the level of the lakes and
connecting channels of the Great Lakes system, with the exception of Lake
Superior and the upper St. Marys River, and as this effect will increase in the
quantity of water diverted, therefore, the question presents itself: Can the
present diversion or future diversions through the Chicago Drainage Canal be
compensated for by the use of Lake Superior as a storage reservoir, so that the
level of the lakes below Superior will not be lowered?

136. The longest low-stage period of outflow from Lake Superior has been
selected in order to obtain a solution to the question. An examination of
Plates 2 to 5, inclusive, shows that such a period occurred between June, 1888,
and August, 1893. The average flow for the low-water year of 1892 was 65700
cubic feet per second. Assuming a continuous discharge from Superior of
the average flow for that year, and, in addition, first, 4000 and, second, 14000

828 DEPARTMEy'T OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

cubic feet per second, respectively, to compensate for a diversion of these amounts
through the Chicago Drainage Canal, or a total continuous discharge of, first,
69700 cubic feet per second, and, second, 79700 cubic feet per second, respec-
tivclj', between June 1, 1888, and August 31, 1893, then the regulated stages
of all the lakes in the Great Lakes system would have differed materially from
the actual stages. Plate 25 and Tables 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 show these changes
in stage of Lakes Superior, Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario, due to regu-
lation of outflow from Lake Superior to compensate for diversions through the
Chicago Drainage Canal of 4000 and 14000 cubic feet per second.

137. To compensate for a diversion of 4000 cubic feet per second through
the Chicago Drainage Canal, with the continuous discharge of water from Lake
Superior of 69700 cubic feet per second between June 1, 1888, and August 31,
1893, the stage of te St. Marj^s River, as measured at Sault Ste. Marie, (above
the locks) would have been higher than it was actually. In August, 1893,
the level of Superior would have returned to approximately the actual stage.
Under assumed conditions, the mean stage of Lake Superior would have been
increased during the period from June, 1888, to August, 1893, at the expense
of the decrease in stage of Lakes ^lichigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario. The
cumulative effect of the constant discharge of 69700 cubic feet per second from
Lake Superior during this five-j^ear period would have been to lower the monthly
mean stage of Lakes Michigan-Huron from 579-88 to 579-53, and from 579-82
to 579-48, in November and December, 1891, respectively. These stages would
have been only 0-36 and 0-48 foot higher, respectively, than the actual stages
for the corresponding months of November and December in the extreme low-
water year of 1895, and would have been 0-23 and 0-28 foot lower, respectively,
than the mean stage for the entire navigation season of 1895, when the shipping
interests were so seriously affected. This constant discharge of water from
Lake Superior would also have lowered the monthly mean stage of Lake Erie
from 571-21 to 570 • 89, and from 571-28 to 570 -96, in November and December,
1891, respectively, which would have been only 0 - 19 and 0 - 10 foot higher, respect-
ivel}-, than the actual stages in November and December, 1895. The monthly
mean stage of Lake Ontario would have been decreased by this discharge from
Lake Superior from 244-44 to 244-19,and from 244-41 to"244-16,in November
and December, 1891, respectively.

138. At the end of August, 1893, the water stored in Lake Superior would
have been delivered to the lower lakes, and no storage water would have been
available, in addition to the actual supply, to compensate for the diversion
of water through the Chicago Drainage Canal, and prevent the mean levels
of Lakes Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario falling below the actual stages.

139. The monthly mean discharge of the St. Marys River was greater
than 69700 cubic feet per second in September, October, and November, 1893.
This excess would have allowed 6900, 5800, and 4800 cubic feet per second of
water, respectively, to have been stored in Lake Superior in these months.
The storage of this volume of water should have temporarily taken it away from
the supply to Lake Michigan-Huron, and would have lowered the level of that lake
temporarilj-. Later, when this stored water would have been discharged into
the lakes below, their stages would have been the same as under natural con-
ditions, and during the interval between the storage and discharge of this water
the diversion of water through the Chicago Drainage Canal would have lowered
the mean level of Lakes Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario as it has mider
actual conditions. If the outlet were to have been artificially changed so that
the St. Marys River could have discharged 4000 cubic feet per second in addition
to the actual discharge, beginning with September, 1893, in order to compensate
for an assumed diversion of this amount^at Chicago, then it would have been
only a few years before Lakes Superior would have fallen so low in stage that
navigation would have been seriously interfered with.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 829

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

140. To compensate for a diversion of 14000 cubic feet per second through
the Chicago Drainage Canal, with the continuous discharge of water from Lake
Superior of 79700 cubic feet per second between June 1, 1888, and August 31,
1893, the stage of the St. Marys River, as measured at Sault Ste. Marie, (above
the locks) would have been lower by 1.4 feet than it was actual! J^ This in-
creased discharge from Lake Superior would produce the same effect on the lower
lakes as the effect of the previous discharge of 69700 cubic feet per second,
since the increased outflow from Lake Superior would be taken by the addi-
tional diversion through the Chicago Drainage Canal. The stage of the St.
Marys River, at Sault Ste. Marie, (above the locks) would have fallen, in May
1893, to slightly below 600.0, which would have seriously interfered with the
navigation of Lake Superior by the present lake vessels. At the end of this
five-year period, the level of Lake Superior would have been extremely low
and water would not have been available for storage in Lake Superior for the
next low-water period.

141. The annual mean stage of the St. Marys River, above the locks, fell
to 600.96, in 1879. This minimum value must not be taken as a criterion for
permissible low water for navigation purposes; neither should it be assumed
that the minimum annual mean stage on the remaining lakes, as a permanent
level, would be satisfactory to navigation.

142. The artificial storage of water in Lake Superior must be commenced
by shutting off the transmitted supply to the lakes below Superior in the Great
Lakes system. _ When the stored water is allowed to flow from Lake Superior,
the total supply to Lakes Michigan-Huron, Erie, and Ontario will be the same
as under actual conditions, and the mean level of these lakes will remain un-
changed.

143. An artificial storage of water in Lake Superior has taken place, be-
ginning with the construction of the International Bridge and its approaches
in 1888. The storing of this water in Superior has withheld it temporarily
from the lakes below, and, as a result, the stages of the latter have been changed
from what they would have been if there had been no artificial changes in the
outlet to Lake Superior. Plates 26, 27, 28, and 29 show the monthly mean
stages of the Great Lakes under actual conditions and as they would have been
if no artificial works had been built in the upper St. Marys River.

144. An inspection of Plate 26 shows that the artificial storage of water
in Lake Superior, created by the building in the upper St. Marys River of the
International Bridge and approaches in 1888, of cutting off from the rapids
the flow through spans 1 and 2 of this bridge from the American shore by the
Chandler-Dunbar Water Power Company in 1892, and of building the com-
pensating works immediately above the bridge, on the Canadian side, by the
Michigan Lake Superior Power Company in 1901, has raised the monthly mean
level of Lake Superior approximately 1 foot (0-966) in August, 1904. Owing
to diversions of water at Sault Ste. Marie for power and other purposes, this
effect is less by about 0 • 4 foot than the computed ultimate rise due to these
obstructions. Since January, 1905, when the Michigan Lake Superior Power
Company began to divert approximately 8500 cubic feet per second of water
from the river for power purposes, the difference between the actual and original
efflux stages has decreased to approximately 0 • 6 foot, a loss in level between 1904
and 1907 of 0-4 foot. Under original efflux conditions, the monthly mean level
of Lake Superior would have fallen from 601-02 to 600-76 in April, 1892; from
601-01 to 600-82, in February, 1893; from 601-46 to 600-92, in March, 1898,
and from 601-88 to 601-02, in March, 1903. The annual mean stage of Lake
Superior, for 1904, would have been 601-84 under original conditions, while
it was 602-71 under actual conditions. This artificial storage of water, due
to the obstructions at the controlling section of the upper St. Marys River,

830 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

partly explains why the stage of Lake Superior has been gradually rising while
the stages of the lower lakes have not followed the same general upward trend.

145. The storing of water in Lake Superior has had its effect on the stage
of the lower lakes. An increase in the transmitted supply from Lake Superior
raises the stage of Lake Michigan-Huron an amount equal to the increase divided
by the increment of discharge through the St. Clair River. The amount of
additional water from Lake Superior that would have flowed into Lake Michigan-
Huron between December, 1888, and December, 1904, is equivalent to the
decrease in storage on Superior. This quantity represents a slice 0-87 foot
thick over the entire surface of Lake Superior, equivalent to an average monthlj^
increase in discharge of 1530 cubic feet per second through the St. Marys River
between December, 1888, and December, 1904, inclusive. Under actual con-
ditions, this increase in discharge would not be a constant quantity but would
change according to the effect of the obstruction or the diversion. Plate 27
shows a comparison of the monthly mean water levels of Lake jSiichigan-Huron
under actual and original efflux conditions of the St. Marys River. The effect
of storing water in Lake Superior by the cutting off of spans 1 and 2 of the Inter-
national Bridge at Sault Ste. Marie, in 1892, by the Chandler-Dunbar Water
Power Company, was to lower Lake Michigan-Huron by about 0-15 foot in
1894 and 1895. In 1896, the Lake Superior Power Company began to use
water for power purposes on a large scale, which partially counteracted the
effect of the obstructions. In 1902, the effect of the compensating works of
the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company was to lower Lake Michigan-
Huron by about 0 • 15 foot. In 1905, the Michigan Lake Superior Power Com-
pany began the diversion of water through their canal on the American side,
which has, apparently, raised the stage of Lake Michigan-Huron about 0 ■ 1
foot, but in so doing it has been done at the expense of lowering Lake Superior
by about 0-4 foot.

146. The effect on Lakes Erie and Ontario of the artificial storage of water
in Lake Superior is slightly less than the effect on Lake Michigan-Huron. This
decrease in effect is due to the increase in the increment of discharge of the outlets
of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Plates 28 and 29 show a comparison of the monthly
mean water levels of Lake Erie and of Lake Ontario, respectively, under actual
and original efflux conditions of St. Marys River. While the effect of the cutting off ot
the flow through spans 1 and 2 from the rapids of the St. Marys River occurred
about December, 1892, it was not materially felt on Lake Michigan-Huron until
the latter part of 1893; not in Lake Erie until the middle of 1894, and not in
Lake Ontario until the end of 1894. The effect of the construction of the com-
pensating works at Sault Ste. Marie by the Michigan Lake Superior Power Company
is also noticeable on these lakes. All the other changes in stage on Lake Michi-
gan-Huron are faithfully reproduced on the stage of Lakes Erie and Ontario,
the only difference being that they occur a little later and the effect becomes
slightly less on each lake lower in the series. Where the maximum effect on
Lake Michigan-Huron was about 0 15 foot, it was 0-12 foot on Lake Erie,
and about 0-10 foot on Lake Ontario.

147. The artificial storage of water in Lake Superior between December,
1888, and December, 1907, inclusive, by the placing of obstructions in the
upper St. Marj's River, has had the effect of raising the mean stage of Lake
Superior by about 0-87 foot in 1904, and of lowering Lake Michigan-Huron,
Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario, by a maximum of 0 • 15, 0 • 12, and 0 • 10 foot, respect-
ively. This hydraulic experiment, which has been carried on since 1888, shows
that the use of Lake Superior as a storage reservoir can not be successful if naviga-
tion is to be maintained unimpaired on Lake Superior and the St. Marys River.

lyTERXATIOyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOX 831

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

REGULATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON.

148. To regulate the level of Lake Michigan-Huron near some fixed plane
of reference would require regulating works at or near the head of the St. Clair
River. The storage in the lake, that occurs in the first part of the year, could
then be discharged through these works, while the outflow from the lake during
the last half of the year could be diminished by an amount equal to the negative
storage. An examination of Table 28 and JPlate 18 shows that the monthly
mean total supply to Lake Michigan-Huron for an average year has been as
great as 337700 cubic feet per second, in ]\Iay, and as small as 96200 cubic
feet per second, in November. Plates 7 and 6 show that the maximum and
minimum monthly mean total supply has been 470800 cubic feet per second,
in June, 1883, and — 32000 cubic feet per second, in September, 1871,
respectively. The maximum monthly mean discharge from this lake, which
occurred in July, 1883, has been determined as 274500 cubic feet per second.
On the basis of the above extremes for total supply, to accomplish perfect
regulation of this lake would necessitate provision for a maximum outflow of
470800 cubic feet per second, and a minimum of — 32000 cubic feet per second.
This required maximum outflow is 195400 cubic feet per second, or 71 per cent,
greater than the actual maximum. If the outflow from Lake Michigan-Huron
had been entirely shut ofi' in September, 1871, the lake would still have fallen
about 0-07 foot during that month. For the period of five months, August
to December, 1871, inclusive, the average outflow from Lake Michigan-Huron,
with perfect regulation, would have been only 43500 cubic feet per second;
likewise, for the period of five months, August to December, 1894, inclusive,
and for the months of September, October, and November, in the low-water
year of 1895, the average outflow with perfect regulation would have been only
71700 and 46600 cubic feet per second, respectively. On account of the small
quantity of water that would have flowed in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers
during these three periods, the stage of these rivers, of Lake St. Clair, and of
Lake Erie would have been lowered several feet below the lowest knowTi monthly
water levels, and present navigation on the Great Lakes, below Lake Michigan-
Huron, would have been entirely suspended.

149. These examples that have been cited show that the perfect regulation
of Lake Michigan-Huron at a fixed plane of reference is not feasible if it were
possible to predict the quantity of water that nature would supply to any lake
in any month.

150. The discharges of the St. Clair and Detroit rivers during the naviga-
tion season are comparatively uniform owing to the effect of the increased
slopes in the rivers, counteracting the effect of the decreased stages in the lakes.
With the regulation of Lake Michigan-Huron, the discharge would be greatly
increased during April, May, June, and July, and greatly decreased during
August, September, October, and November. The latter are the critical months
for the navigators. Any change in the flow of these two rivers, whereby the
fluctuation in discharge would be increased, would prove a detriment to navi-
gation.

151. Granting that the regulation of Lake Michigan-Huron could be
accomplished by artificial works, the effect on the stage of water in the St.
Clair River, Lake St. Clair and Detroit River would be so serious that any
benefit derived from the increased depths in Lake Michigan-Huron would be
more than offset by the decreased depths in the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair,
Detroit River, and the western end of Lake Erie.

152. At the present time, the stage of Lake Michigan-Huron is partially
regulated by natural agencies. Nearl}' every winter, nature forms a regulating

832 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

works in the St. Clair or Detroit river. These works consist of ice gorges,
which retard the outflow from Lake Michigan-Huron, thereby storing water
to be let out during the navigation season when it is so greatly needed in the
lakes and connecting channels below Lake Michigan-Huron.

REGULATION OF LAKE ONTARIO.

153. To control the stage of Lake Ontario near some fixed level, regulating
works could be constructed at the head of the Galop Rapids in the St. Lawpence
River. These works would control the outflow from Lake Ontario and maintain
the levels of the lake within definite limits. For perfect regulation, the storage
in the lake must be diminished by the amount of the negative storage during
the last half of the year. An examination of Table 28 and Plate 18, shows
that, for an average year, the monthly mean total supply to Lake Ontario has
fluctuated between 297500 cubic feet per second, in Maj', and 225500 cubic
feet per second, in January, while the monthly mean outflow has varied from
283600 cubic feet per second, in July, to 219300 cubic feet per second, in
February. The maximum monthly mean total supplj'^ has been as large as
382400 cubic feet per second, in April, 1870, and as small as 154100 cubic
feet per second, in February, 1875, while the maximum monthly mean dis-
charge has been as large as 351200 cubic feet per second, in May, 1862, and
as small as 152200 cubic feet per second, in February, 1902. In order to accom-
plish perfect regulation without enlarging the river cross section, the stage
of Lake Ontario must be held at such a level that the outflow can be as great
as 382400 cubic feet per second, or 31200 cubic feet per second greater than
the maximum discharge to date. This required maximum outflow is onlj' 9
per cent greater than the actual maximum. For the low-water year of 1895,
the average total supply was 185700 cubic feet per second, while the average
outflow was 191 600 cubic feet per second. If the oscillations in the levels
of Lake Ontario are to be decreased without exceeding the extreme high water
of 248.95, then the level of the lake .should be held at such a stage that it will
never exceed this maximum limit in months of excessive suppl}% Two conse-
cutive months of excessive supply occurred in April and May, 1862, when the
water-yield was 375600 and 372000 cubic feet per second, respectively. The
outflow through the St. Lawrence River at regulated stage 248-95 would be
about 350500 cubic feet per second. With a maximum discharge through
the regulating works, there would still have been an excess in supply of 25100
and 21500 cubic feet per second, corresponding to a rise in lake surface of 0-33
foot in April, and 0-28 foot, in May, or a total of 0-61 foot in two months.
Hence, if the level of the lake, under regulation, were allowed to fall 0 • 6 foot,
or to 248-35, after the close of the season of navigation, then the plane of regu-
lation of Lake Ontario would probably never be exceeded.

154. Regulating works, designed to discharge about 150000 cubic feet
per second, as a minimum, and 350500 cubic feet per second, as a maximum,
could be located at the head of the Galop Rapids and would control the monthly
mean level of Lake Ontario between 246-95 and 248-95, a range of 2 feet. This
scheme of regulation would reduce the fluctuations in lake level from 534 feet
tp within 2 feet, and would raise the mean level of Lake Ontario about 2 feet.

155. The effect on the stage of water in the St. Lawrence canals with
this scheme of regulation of Lake Ontario would be to cause higher water in
the first part and lower water in the last part of the navigation season. Such
results would injuriously affect navigation.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 833

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

COMPENSATING WORKS IN THE NIAGARA RIVER.

156. Your committee had hoped to present a di-scussion of a project for
compensating Lake Erie for the loss of level due to diversions, by works placed
above the rapids approaching Niagara Falls. A preliminary examination,
however, revealed a lack of data, which prevents consideration of the question
at this time.

E. E. HASKELL,

Member, American Section^

LOUIS COSTE,

■ Member, Canadian Sectionl

Attest :

W. Edwabd Wilson, C".E.,

Secretary, American Section.

834

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Table 2

WATER LEVELS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

MoDthly mean elevations of water surface of Lake Superior, at Superior, Wis., and Marquette, Mich.,

in feet above mean tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

AprU

>■„..

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

j
01860 5602.69

6602.44

6602.42

602.69

602.92

603.09

603 05

603 10

603.08

603.12

602.95

6602.60 602.85

0 61

b 2.40

2.15

2.01

2.42

3.05

3.20

3,36

3,32

3.23

3.26

2.92

2.54

2 82

0 62

2.19

2 00

2.03

2.09

2.77

2,76

2,73

2,90

3.02

2.95

2.62

2.35

2,53

a 63

2 16

2 03

1.86

1.90

2.03

1 95

2 09

2,71

2.73

2.56

2.21

2.10

2.19

a 64

1.81

1.60

1.67

1.69

1.85

2.00

2.09

2.10

2.25

1.99

l.SO

1.65

1.88

a 65

1.47

1.46

1.33

1.77

2.26

2.67

2.99

3.07

3.08

2.87

2.34

2.03

2.28

a 66

1 74

1.53

1.53

1.98

2.23

2.42

2.71

2.94

2.67

2.69

2.36

2.47

2.27

a 67

2 20

2.09

1.90

2.12

2 12

2.72

2.12

2.93

3.01

2.99

2.56

2.24

2.49

a 68

2 08

1,49

1.85

2.04

2^44

2.35

2.57

2,49

2.62

2.59

2,75

2.32

2.30

a 69

2 10

1.86

1.41

1.99

2.39

2.40

2.77

3,23

4.08

3.56

3,22

2.57

2.63

al870

2.32

2.11

2.12

2.22

2.55

2.36

2.55

2.55

2.72

2.56

2,38

1.45

2,32

o 71

1.36

0.76

1.18

1.68

2.21

2.33

2.40

2.46

2.56

2.49

2,42

1.68

1.96

72

1.47

1.36

1.24

1.14

1.79

2.17

2.44

2.61

2.77

2.67

2,52

2.22

2.03

75

2 12

c 1.80

c 1.82

c 1.86

2.31

2.61

2.90

3.08

3.14

3.04

2,90

2.60

2.52

74

c 2^14

2.13

2.09

2.19

2.26

2.46

2.84

2 93

3.03

3.09

2,91

2,60

2.56

75

2.28

2.24

2.28

2.28

2.50

2.86

2.85

2.94

3.17

3.02

2,88

2 68

2.66

76

2.48

2.27

2.18

2 21

2.75

3.43

3.82

3,93

3.82

3,49

3,33

3,05

3 06

77

2.69

2.45

2.19

2.11

2.10

2.32

2 70

2,76

2.60

2,60

2 39

2,32

2.44

78

2.20

2.32

1.55

1.52

1.79

2.07

2,14

2,02

1.85

1.92

1.72

1.40

1.88

79

c 1.49

1.46

1.76

1 37

1.01

1.24

1.48

1.60

1.49

1,58

1,50

c 1.14

1,43

1880

c 0.99

c 0.98

c 0.89

c 1.92

c 1.52

2 30

2.45

2.44

2.44

2.39

2.33

2.07

1.89

81

1.81

1.71

1.62

1.53

1.83

2.27

2.33

2,38

2.61

2.95

2.88

2.60

2.21

82

2.25

2.00

1.89

1.81

1.97

1.99

2.44

2,56

2.60

2.43

2.41

2.22

2.21

83

1.99

1.70

1.70

1.95

1.96

2.06

2.31

2,33

2.29

2 09

1.94

1.83

2.01

84

e l.SO

c 1.63

c 1.54

1.32

1.54

1.74

1,88

1,89

2.16

2 52

2 42

2.21

1.89

85

1.98

1.80

1.72

1.67

2.00

2.28

2,52

2,64

2.57

2 40

2.25

1.92

2,15

86

1.72

1.59

1.53

1.62

1.87

2.01

2,08

1.99

1.97

2.07

1,92

1.78

1,85

87

1.47

1.49

1.80

1.97

1.76

1.92

2,20

2.28

2.14

2.07

1.83

1.61

1,88

88

1.50

1.51

1.44

1.44

1.91

2.69

2,88

3.02

2.97

2.88

2.74

2.39

2.28

89

2.07

1.85

1.68

1.69

2.04

2.16

2,35

2.54

2.67

2.51

2.20

1.90

2,14

1890

1 76

1.63

1.39

1.36

1.57

2.02

2.32

2.47

2.60

2 57

2.36

2 00

2,00

91

1 64

1.51

1.47

1.43

1.63

1.68

],88

d 1.86

d 1 82

d 1.91

d 1.79

1.42

1.67

92

1 42

1.14

1.01

1.02

1.35

1.73

1.76

1.88

1.93

1,83

1.66

1.38

1,51

93

1.10

1.01

1.06

1.16

1.66

2.18

2.48

2.54

2 45

2 42

2.26

2.03

1.86

94

1 85

1.67

1.76

1.91

2.69

2.91

2.97

3.10

3 02

3 04

2.99

2.80

2.56

95

2 50

2.28

2.11

2.01

2.38

2.70

2.90

2.95

3 09

3 14

2.85

2.52

2.62

96

2 32

2.12

1.92

2.01

2.66

3.04

3.10

3.12

2.95

2,63

2,70

2.55

2.59

97

2 39

2.16

2.08

2.11

2.45

2.78

3.08

3.20

3.14

2,94

2.64

2.21

2.60

98

1.83

1.65

1.46

1.46

1.70

2.18

2.59

2.72

2.82

2,76

2.56

2.33

2.17

99

1.96

1.76

1.79

1.76

2.47

2.96

3.19

3.36

3.51

3 32

3.21

3.00

2,69

1900

2.63

2.45

2.23

2.13

2.30

2.36

2.58

2.94

3.46

3,54

3.51

3.13

2,77

01

2.78

2.48

2.28

2.22

2.51

2.61

3.09

3.22

3.04

3,07

3.00

2.68

2.75

02

2 32

2.11

1.97

2.02

2.33

2.64

2,88

2.93

2.81

2.81

e 2.81

e 2.58

2.52

e 03

2 24

1.98

1.88

2.07

2.56

2.94

3.14

3.25

3.27

3,40

3.18

2,80

2.73

e 04

2.h

2.33

2.23

2.17

2.47

2.77

2,86

2.95

3.08

3,26

3,19

2,74

2.71

e 05

2 47

2.13

2.04

• 2.25

2.49

2.67

2.97

3.10

3.32

3,33

3,17

2,96

2.74

e 06

2 72

2.43

2.22

2.15

2.48

2.78

2,90

2.93

2.95

2,84

2.66

2,45

2.63

e 07

2.22

2.06

1.94

1.94

2.10

2.55

2,70

2,93

3.17

3,15

2.88

2,53

2.51

Mean

602.03

,601.85

601.77

601.86

602.10

602.42

' 602,63

602 73

602 79

602,74

602.56

602,26

602.32

Authority, U. .S. Lake Survey, escept for supplied values.

a. — Gauge readings taken at Superior, Wis.

6.— Supplied by applying to the main reading, for the following or preceding month, the mean rise

or fall in stage between such months for the years 1861 or 1862 to 1871 inclusive,
c.— Supplied by adding to the Sault Ste. Marie readings the mean fall in the water surface between

Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie for the years 1871 to 1888 inclusive.
d. — Supplied in like manner from years 1889 to 1901 inclusive.
t. — From self-registering gauge.
Note.— Elevations depend on zero of gauge 601-75 ft. and BM. 3,609 91 ft., U. S. Lake Survey. 1903

Levels.

INTERNATIONAL -WATERWAYS COMMISSION

835

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
Table 3.

WATER LEVELS OF ST. MARYS RIVER.

Monthly mean elevations q£ water surface of St. Marys River, at Southwest pier (above the locks),
Sault St. Marie, Mich., in feet above mean tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

al860

602.22

601.95

601.93

602.18

602.55

602,74

602.74

602.80

602,72

602,76

602.58

602.18

602.45

a 61

1.93

1.66

1.52

1.91

2.68

2,85

3.05

3.02

2,87

2.90

2.55

2.12

2.42

a 62

1.72

1.51

1.54

1.58

2.40

2,41

2.42

2.60

2.66

2,59

2.25

1.93

2.13

a 63

1.69

1.54

1.37

1.39

1.66

1.60

1.78

2.41

2.37

2.20

1.84

1 68

1.79

a 64

1 34

1.11

1.18

1.18

1.48

1.65

1.78

1.80

1.89

1.63

1.43

1.23

1.48

a 65

1.00

0.97

0.84

1.26

1.89

2.32

2.68

2.77

2.72

2.51

1.97

1,61

1.88

a 66

1.27

1.04

1.04

1.47

1.86

2.07

2.40

2.64

2 31

2.33

1.99

2 05

1.87

a 67

1.73

1.60

1.41

1.61

1.75

2.37

2.74

2.63

2.65

2.63

2.19

1,82

2.09

a 68

1.61

1.00

1.36

1.53

2.07

2.00

2.26

2,19

2.26

2.23

2.38

1,90

1.90

a 69

1 63

1 37

0.92

1.48

2.02

2.05

2,46

2.93

3.72

3.20

2.85

2,15

2.23

1870

a 1.85

a 1.62

a 1.63

a 1.71

a 2.18

a 2.01

a 2.24

a 2.25

a 2.36

a 2.20

a 2.01

1,03

1.92

71

1 36

1.20

0.93

1.07

1.64

2.05

2.23

2.15

2.20

2,00

1.78

1.39

1,67

72

1.14

1.06

0.82

0 78

1.67

1.84

2.24

2.56

2.63

2.48

a. 33

1,88

1.79

73

1.48

1.31

1.33

1.35

1.91

2.04

2.48

2.73

2.80

2.68

2.46

2.22

2.07

74

1.67

1.51

1.40

1.28

1.70

2.13

2,50

2.56

2,54

2.67

2.45

2.35

2,06

75

1.89

1.64

1,60

1.85

2.16

2.46

2.54

2.56

2.84

2.71

2.43

1.87

2.21

76

1.84

1.79

1.53

1.57

2.29

2.87

3.34

3.39

3.42

3.09

2.81

2.32

2.52

77

2.03

2.06

1.94

1.82

1.82

2.04

2.37

2.49

2.25

2.29

2.05

1.89

2.09

78

1.67

1.41

1.31

1.29

1.57

1.83

1.94

1.90

1.61

1.72

1.64

1.42

1.61

79

1.02

0.62

0 38

0.51

0.88

1.02

1.32

1.35

1.27

1.30

1.12

0.72

0.96

1880

0.52

0.49

0.40

0.41

1.15

1.91

2.15

2.03

2.19

1.96

1,99

1,71

1.41

81

1.40

1.30

1,32

1.21

1.63

1.86

2.06

1.98

2.17

2.63

2,53

2,20

1,86

82

1.69

1.47

1.35

1.30

1.71

1.80

2.15

2.25

2.19

2.10

2.04

1.77

1.82

83

1.34

1.25

1.25

1.32

1.31

1.68

1.86

2.28

1.95

1 80

1.69

1.43

1,60

84

1.33

1.14

1.05

0.88

1.25

1.35

1.57

1.61

1.68

1.77

1.87

1.61

1 43

85

1.44

1 33

1.19

1.02

1.60

1.94

2.12

2.34

2.10

1.92

1.85

1.55

1,70

86

1.20

1.04

1.04

1.02

1.50

1.66

1.83

1.97

1.83

1.86

1.79

1.36

1,51

87

1.14

1 00

0.97

0,83

1.19

1.64

2.01

1.89

1.75

1.93

1.70

1.29

1,44

88

1.13

0.79

0.84

0,83

1.43

2.28

2.44

2.43

2.35

2.34

2.14

1.80

1.73

89

1.52

1.23

1.26

1.25

1.81

1.99

2.26

2.27

2.26

2.11

1.81

1.43

1.77

1890

1.48

0.93

0.92

0.85

1.32

1.90

2.26

2.17

2.06

1.99

1.85

1,55

1.61

91

0.86

0.97

0.82

1.00

1.43

1.38

1.49

1.50

1.43

1.49

1,38

1,07

1.24

92

1,01

0.65

0.74

0.63

1.14

1.50

1.64

1.65

1.71

1.60

1,32

1,04

1.20

93

0 79

0.59

0.60

0,85

1.42

1.95

2.15

2.23

2.10

2.04

1,99

1,45

1 51

94

1.23

1.15

1 04

1.42

2.40

2.74

2,78

2.79

2.66

2.70

2.60

2,30

2.14

95

2 00

1.86

1.66

1,64

2.04

2.43

2.67

2.68

2.85

2.97

2.45

2,24

2.29

96

1.69

1.68

1.48

1,57

2.18

2.59

2.72

2.74

2.61

2,18

2.21

2,15

2.15

97

1.92

1 61

1,63

1,76

2.11

2.47

2.69

2.85

2.68

2.47

1,87

1.87

2.20

98

1,38

1.15

1.00

1.13

1.42

1.83

2.17

2.28

2.42

2.26

2,09

2.01

1.76

99

1 53

1.37

1.26

1.26

2.12

2.56

2.76

2.91

3.10

2.77

b 2.69

b 2.64

2.25

61900

2.03

1.90

1.64

1.68

1.87

1.94

2.17

2.39

2.90

2-93

3.04

2.63

2.26

6 01

2.17

1.87

1.65

1.76

2.06

2.14

2.56

2.74

2.60

2.72

2.66

2 27

2,27

b 02

1.90

1.61

1.53

1.69

1.88

2.24

2,48

2.29

2,54

2.39

2.46

2.29

2,13

b 03

1.83

1.06

1.51

1.76

2.15

2.54

2,70

2.80

2,82

2.98

2.85

2 41

2.33

!> 04

1.87

1.64

1.40

1.76

2.09

2.34

2,48

2.55

2.65

2.82

2,71

2 30

2.22

6 05

2.00

1.59

1.36

1.78

2.07

2.25

2.60

2.73

2,92

2.96

2.73

2.52

2.29

6 06

2.18

1.85

1.63

1.70

2,02

2.30

2.50

2,46

2.46

2.36

2,19

1.95

2.13

6 07

1.62

1.43

1.34

1.59

1,71

2.12

2.33

2,50

2.70

2.71

2.56

2.08

2.06

Mea

601.55

601.34

601.24

601.35

601 80

602.08

602.31

602,40

602,41

602.35

602,18

601.86

601.91

.\uthor — U. S. Lake Survey, except tor .supplied values.

a. — Values supplied by subtracting from the Superior, Wis., readings the full mean in water surface

between Superior and Sault Ste. Marie for the years 1860 to November, 1870, inclusive,
b. — From self-registering gauge.

Note.— Elevations depend on B. M. "A" 606,069 ft., V. S. Lake .Survey, 1903 Levels.

836

DEPARTilE2,'T OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A, 1913

Table 4.

WATER LEVELS OF LAKE MICHIGAN.

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of Lake Michigan, at Milwaukee, Wis., in feet above mean tide

at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar. ■

AprU

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean.

1860

582-51

582-69

582-72

582-85

582-97

583-09

583-13

582-94

582-74

582-34

582-10

581-94 582-68

61

1-83

1-92

2-31

2-41

2-83

2

99

3

12

3-36

3

05

2

93

2

70

2-53

2

66

62

2-33

2-18

2-48

2-64

2-89

3

02

2

92

2-91

2

84

2

73

2

34

2-20

2

62

63

2-13

2-18

2-17

2-17

2-38

2

47

2

42

2-29

2

11

2

02

1

58

1-92

2

15

64

1-69

1-55

1-80

1-51

2-02

2

01

1

91

1-73

1

46

1

07

0

90

0-77

1

54

65

0-56

0-65

0-82

1-31

1-47

1

51

1

94

1-96

1

84

1

60

1

04

0-73

1

29

66

0-47

0-23

0-28

0-73

0-91

1

20

1

46

1-52

1

37

1

26

1

17

0-91

0

96

67

0-89

0-94

1-12

1-41

1-63

1

94

2

09

2-02

1

75

1

42

0

96

0-61

1

40

68

0-45

0-41

1-09

0-99

1-27

1

48

1

51

1-17

0

93

0

70

0

63

0-35

0

92

69

0-25

0-32

006

0-43

0-76
2-27

1

29

1

67

1-93

1

82

1

46

1

34

1-06

1

03

1870

1,12

1-21

1-51

1-93

2

41

2

52

2-43

2

57

2

17

1

77

1-42

1

94

71

1-57

1-49

2-09

2-29

2-64

2

68

2

71

2-48

1

81

1

12

1

07

0-48

1

87

72

0-35

0-£5

0-13

0-38

0-63

1

00

1

03

101

0

94

0

82

0

53

579-8 7 0

59

73

579-87

579-91

0-22

0-79

1-35

1

98

1

94

2-04

1

85

1

79

1

56

581-

521

24

74

581-48

581-77

1-92

1-82

1-80

2

17

2

10

2-11

1

86

1

51

1

31

0-97

1

74

75

0-77

0-70

0-76

1-12

1-68

1

92

1

89

2-06

1

99

1

84

1

63

1-44

1

48

76

1-39

1-59

1-92:

2-12

2-74

3

15

3

49

3-42

3

37

2

79

2

89

2-42

2

61

77

2-28

2-29

2-29

2-67

2-56

2

63

2

60

2-48

2

27

2

28

2

16

2- 10

2

38

78

1-98

1-91

2-07

2-09

2-39

2

53

2

54

2-22

2

02

1

91

1

78

1-46

2

08

79

115

1-16

1-20

1-19

1-32

1

39

1

48

1-29

1

17

0

95

0

73

0-76

1

15

1880

0-80

0-71

0-75

0-92

1-26

1

77

1

99

2-02

1

72

1

38

1

06

0-89

1

27

81

0-90

1-11

1-40

1-31

1-82

2

05

2

02

2-02

1

79

2

12

1

95

1-85

1

70

82

1-63

1-62

1-99

2-12

2-22

2

49

2

62

2-81

2

69

2

28

2

07

1-74

2

19

83

1-48

1-52

1-61

1-82

2-30

2

66

3

26

3-23

3

04

2

82

2

37

2-29

2

37

84

2-07

2-19

2-44

2-62

2-83

2

99

2

83

2-69

2

44

2

44

2

08

2-05

2

47

85

206

2-29

2-25

2-44

2-80

3

01

3

10

3-31

3

17

3

03

2

73

2-44

2

72

86

2-67

2-69

2-97;

3-24

3-50

3

57

3

38

3-15

2

91

2

81

2

47

2-14

2

96

87

206

2-43

2-59

2-54

2-74

2

87

2

81

2-67

2

33

1

88

i

55

1-43

2

32

88

1-25

1-20

1-38

1-59

1-97

2

24

2

25

2-13

1

98

1

73

1

68

1-10

1

71

89

1-08

1-05

l-03i

1-04

112

1

58

1

76

1-52

1

35

1

10

0

75

0-57

1

16

1890

0-65

0-61

0-59

0-91

1-14

1

55

1

62

1-54

1

34

1

23

0

89

0-54

1

05

91

0-52

0-28

0-47'

0-78

0-88

1

03

0

86

0-79

0

56

0

20

579

80

579-74

0

49

92

579-86

0-05

579-95

0-01

0-43

0

88

0

89

0-97

0

77

0

53

580

26

9-99

0

38

93

9-98

0-12

580- 123 0-69

0-99

1

32

1

34

1-17

0

85

0

71

0

32

580-25

0

66

94

580,26

0-29

0-55

0-70

1-24

1

40

1

43

1-35

0

92

0

71

0

44

- 0-09

0

V8

95

579-91

579-80

579-77

579-97

0-13

0

18

0

07

579-95

579

68

579

31

579

09

57S-98

579

74

96

9-06

9- 10

9-11

9-29

579-57

579

89

579

83

9-76

9

66

9

61

9

39

9-34

9

47

97

9-33

9-41

9-72

9-S9

580-38

580

65

580

84

580-78

580

53

580

24

9

98

9-76

580

13

98

9-72

9-86

580-18

580-50

0-78

0

91

0

89

0-69

0

34

0

33

9

92

9-58

0

31

99

9-53

9-61

579-81

0-08

0-52

0

83

1

04

0-96

0

82

0

49

580

31

9-81

0

32

1900

9-66

9-77

9-94

007

0-31

0

42

0

53

0-70

0

65

0

66

0

52

580-19

0

28

01

9-95

9-92

580-34

0-49

0-92

0

97

1

06

1-11

0

92

0

56

0

23

579-95

0

54

02

9-76

9-61

579-84

579-91

0-30

0

50

0

83

085

0

48

0

33

0

20

9-91

0

22

03

9-69

9-85

580-06

580-33

0-43

0

61

0

79

0-72

0

77

a 0

50

a 0

14

a 9-88

0

31

a 04

9-90

9-86

0-14,

0-60

0-95

1

35

1

36

1-26

1

19

1

06

0

75

580-44

0

74

a 05

580-27

580-21

0 33

0-71

0-97

1

36

1

54

1-51

1

41

0

97

0

71

0-55

0

88

06

.1 0-53

a 0-68

a 0-83

3 1-01

1-27

1

39

1

44

1-41

1

06

0

86

0

68

0-69

0

99

07

0-60

0-64

0-70,

0-96

1-12

1-48

1-48

1-38

1-37

1-16

0-74

0-63

1-02

Mean

580-84

580-87

1 581-04!

1 1

581-24

581-53

581-77

581-84

581-79

581-59

581-37

581-11

580-88

581-32

Authority, U. S. Lake Survey.

o. — Sell-registering gauge on harbour pier. ,

Note. — Elevations depend on check point (1876) on Chestnut St. Bridge (destroyed) as 586 - 55 ft. and check
point (1902) on same bridge as 584-47 ft. ,U.S. Lake Survey, 1903, Levels.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

837

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

Table 5.

WATER LEVELS OF LAKE HURON.

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of Lake Huron, at Harbor Beach, Mich., in feet above mean

tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

1860

582-83

582-78

582-92

582-89

582-94

583-18

583-27

583-19

583-00

582-62

582-50

582-20 582-86

61

1-99

203

2-17

2-37

2-99

3-33

3-45

3-56

3-48

3-26

2-95

2-82

2-87

62

2-44

2-43

2-34

2-55

2-92

304

3-09

3-07

2-85

313

2-81

2-52

2-77

63

2-36

2-21

2-16

2-23

2-55

2-68

2-59

2-60

2-46

2-20

2-16

1-93

2-34

64

1-79

1-75

1-75

1-95

2-38

2-39

2-34

2-23

1-91

1-38

1-21

1-08

1-85

65

0-72

0-81

0-98

1-47

1-63

1-67

2-10

2-12

200

1-76

1-20

-089

1-45

66

0-63

0-39

0-44

0-88

1-07

1-36

1-62

1-68

1-53

1-42

1-33

1-07

1-12

67

1-05

1-10

1-28

1-57

1-79

2-10

2-25

2-18

1-91

1-58

1-12

0-77

1-56

68

0-61

0-57

1-25

115

1-43

1-64

1-67

1-33

1-09

0-86

0-79

0-51

1-08

69

0-41

0-48

0-22

0-59

0-92

1-45

1-83

2-09

1-98

1-62

1-50

1-22

1-19

1870

1-28

1-37

1-67

2-09

2-43

2-57

2-68

2-59

2-73

2-33

1-93

1-58

210

71

1-73

1-65

2-25

2-45

2-80

2-84

2-87

2-56

2-24

1-74

1-53

1-16

2-15

72

0-99

0-79

0-29

0-71

Ml

1-51

1-61

1-58

1-48

1-36

1-06

0-77

1-10

73

0-60

0-57

0-64

1-05

1-55

1-95

2-15

2-16

1-99

1-96

1-86

1-70

1-52

74

1-72

1-86

2-00

1-85

1-90

2-24

2-40

2-29

2-11

1-84

1-30

1-45

1-91

75

1-16

1-10

1-14

1-33

1-68

1-99

2-18

2-15

2-19

2-00

1-89

1-62

1-70

76

1-74

1-72

1-85

2-13

2-73

3-22

3-66

3-60

3-49

3-09

2-94

2-75

2-74

77

2-46

2-45

2-38

2-46

2-63

2-59

2-77

2-67

2-40

2-26

2-21

2-16

2-45

78

2-06

1-89

2-06

1-99

2-39

2-56

2-60

2-50

2-21

9.9-7

2-03

1-83

2-20

79

1-53

1-29

1-25

1-28

1-41

1-55

1-59

1-46

1-38

lu

1-02

1-00

1-32

1880

1-05

0-99

0-98

0-99

1-39

1-88

2-19

2-08

1-97

1-71

1-49

1-29

1-49

81

1-16

1-55

1-56

1-58

1-90

2-07

2-22

2-05

1-89

2-14

2-27

2-10

1-87

82

1-95

1-72

1-86

2-08

2-25

2-48

2-62

2-68

2-50

2-33

2-08

1-93

2-21

83

1-73

1-68

1-72

1-73

2-30

2-72

3-20

3-40

3-08

2-75

2-86

2-75

2-49

84

2-56

2-41

2-45

2-76

2-98

3-04

3-12

3-00

2-65

2-81

2-46

2-20

2-70

85

2-47

2-38

2-38

2-49

2-89

3-18

3-24

3-39

3-29

3-06

2-87

2-67

2-86

86

2-67

2-74

2-93

3-22

3-55

3-64

3-48

3-33

3-15

3-02

2-75

2-43

308

87

2-26

2-45

2-66

2-57

2-77

2-89

2-97

2-76

2-41

2-19

1-74

1-45

2-43

88

1-34

1-25

1-42

1-56

2-00

2-30

2-33

2-37

2-08

1-78

1-60

1-39

1-78

89

1-25

1-17

1-15

1-08

1-22

1-55

1-81

1-75

1-58

1-21

0-87

0-71

1-28

1890

0-78

0-66

0-64

0-78

1-09

1-52

1-71

1-71

1-44

1-23

103

0-73

1-11

91

0-53

0-42

0-39

0-72

0-96

0-91

0-94

0-84

0-65

0-28

579-97

579-91

0-54

92

579-93

579-87

579-93

0-05

0-14

0-67

0-96

1-04

0-87

0-66

580-33

580 09

0-38

93

9-84

9-79

9-87

0-25

0-88

1-21

1-35

1-21

0-91

0-73

0-47

0-28

0-57

94

580-23

580-24

580-39

0-62

1-02

1-32

1-47

1-20

1-01

0-77

0-58

0-28

0-76

95

579-96

579-84

579-85

579-95

0-12

0-19

- 0-16

0-07

579-94

579-65

579-26

579 02

579-83

96

909

9-21

9-11

9-14

579-54

579-91

579-97

0-01

9-83

9-63

9-49

9-38

9-53

97

9-45

9-36

9-47

9-84

580-41

580-65

580-83

0-84

580-58

580-23

580 07

9-81

580-13

98

9-66

9-72

9-95

580-44

0-56

0-72

0-82

0-71

0'52

0-21

0-13

9-94

0-28

99

9-68

9-54

9-69

579-86

0-40

0-79

1-08

0-99

0-79

0-38

0-24

580-05

0-29

1900

9-82

9-83

9 86

9-98

0-13

0-30

0-55

0-64

0-72

0-66

0-66

0-46

0-30

01

580-22

580 08

580-07

U580-55

a 0-81

0 0-91

a 1-06

a 1-11

a 0-88

a 0-66

a 0-43

a 0-10

0-57

a 02

0-00

579-81

579-73

579-91

0-16

0-48

0-76

0-83

0-51

0-27

017

579-93

0-22

a 03

579-74

9,78

9-92

580-27

0-39

0-56

0-75

0-73

0-80

0-83

0-41

580-12

0-36

a 04

9-91

9-91

580-08

0-63

0-96

1-42

1-55

1-53

1-36

1-26

0-95

0-50

0-84

a 05

580-38

580-30

0-29

0-66

0-95

1-40

1-57

1-56

1-45

1-22

0-93

0-67

0-95

a 06

0-53

0-69

0-76

0-94

1-20

1-33

1-45

1-36

1-12

0-87

0-68

0-65

0-96

a 07

0-65

0-68

0-68

0-90

1-08

1-39

1-64

1-49

1-42

1-21

0-83

0-62

1-05

Mean

581-02

580-99

581-06

581-26

581-57

581-82

.581-97

581-92

581-75

581-53

581-31

581-09

581-44

Authority, U. S. Lake Survey (see page 4105, appendix EEE. Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers

for 1904.)
o. — Self-registering gauge.
Note.— Elevations depend on gauge bolt "E" .583-21 ft., B.M."Jenks" 610-56 ft., U.S. Lake Survey, 1903

Levels.
255x51—8,005

19a— 57

838

DEPARTMEXT OF POBLIC WORKS

Table 6.

WATER LEVELS OF ST. CLAIR RIVER.

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of St. Clair River, at Grand Trunk Railway (G. T. R.),
in feet above mean tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar. April-

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1
Nov. j Dec.

Mean

al860

582.06

582.02

582.14 581.82

581.86

582.08

582.16

582.08

581.92

581.58

• ■ 1
581.47 581.20 581.87

a 61

1.31

1.35' 1.47 1.36

1.91

2.21

2.32

2-41

2.34

2.15

1.87 1.76

1.87

a 62

1.71

1.70

1.62 1.52

1.84

1.95

2.00

1.98

1.78

2.03

1.75, 1.49

1.78

0 63

1.64

1.51

1.46 1.23

1.52

1.63

1.55

1.56

1.44

1.20

1.17; 0.96

1.41

a 64

1.14

1.10

I.IOI 0.98

1.36

1.37

1.33

1.23

0.95

0.48

0.32: 0.21

0.96

o 65

0.18

0.26! 0.42 0.56

0.70

0.73

1.12

1.13

1.03

0.81

0.32 0.04

0.61

a 66

0.10

579.89

579.93 0.03

0.20

0.46

0.69

0.74

0.61

0.51

0.43; 0.20

0.32

a 67

0.48

580.52

580.68 0.04

0.84

1.12

1.25

1.19

0.95

0.65

0.24, 579.93

0.71

a 68

0.09

0.05

0.56 0.27

0.52

0.71

0.73

0.43

0.22

0.01

579.95' 9.70

0.27

a 69

579.91

579.97

579.74 579.77

0.07

0.54

0.88

1.11

1.01

0.69

580.58, 580.33

0.38

O1870

580.68

580.76

581.03 581.11

1.41

1.53

1.63

1.55

1.68

1.32

0.96' 0.65

1.19

a 71

1.08

1.01

1.541 1.43

1.74

1.77

1.80

1.52

1.24

0.80

O.6I1 0.28

1.24

a 72

0.42

0.25

579.80 579.88

0.24

0.59

0.68

0.65

0.56

0.46

0.19, 579.93

0.30

o 73

0.08

0.05

580.111 580.18

0.63

0.98

1.16

1.17

1.02

0.99

0.90' 580.76

0.07

a 74

1.07

1.20

1.32: 0.89

0.94

1.24

1.38

1.28

1.12

0.88

0.40 0.54

1.02

a 75

0.57

0.52

0.56 0.43

0.74

1.02

1.19

1.16

1.20

1.03

0.93 0.69

0.84

a 76

1.09

1.07

1.19i 1.14

1.68

2.11

2.50

2.45

2.35

2.00

1.86 1.69

1.76

a 77

1.73

1.72

1.66: 1.44

1.59

1.55

1.71

1.62

1.38

1.26

1.21 1.17

1.50

0 78

1.38

1.221 1.38i 1.02

1.37

1.52

1.56

1.47

1.21

1.22

1.05 0.88

1.27

a 79

0.90

0.69

0.66! 0.39

0.50

0.63

0.66

0..55

0.48

0.26

0.16 0.14

0.50

al880

0.48

0.42

0.421 0.13

0.38

0.92

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.68

0.57 0.40

0.65

(i 81

O.SS

0.92

0.93{ 0.65

0.94

1.09

1.22

1.07

0.93

1.15

1.27 1.12

0.99

a 82

1.28

1.07

1.20 1.10

1.25

1.45

1.58

1.63

1.52

1.32

1.10 0.96

1.29

a 83

1.08

1.04

1.07

0.79

1.29

1.67

2.09

2.27

1.99

1.69

1.79: 1.69

1.54

a 84

1.82

1.69; 1.72

1.70

1.90

1.95

2.02

1.92

1.60

1.75

1.44 1.20

1.73

a 85

1.74

1.66 1.66

1.46

1.82

2.08

2.13

2.26

2.17

1.97

1.80; 1.62

1.86

0 86

1.92

1.981 2.15

2.11

2.41

2.49

2.34

2.24

2.05

1.93

1.69! 1.41

2.06

o 87

1.55

1.72

1.91

1.53

1.71

1.82

1.89

1.70

1.39

1.20

0.80

0.54

1.48

a 88

0.74

0.66

0.81

0.64

1.03

1.29

1.32

1.36

1.09

0.83

0.67

0.48

0.91

o 89

0.66

0.58

0.57

0.21

0.33

0.63

0.86

0.80

0.55

0.32

0.02

579.88

0.45

al890

0.24

0.13

0.11

579.94

0.22

0.60

0.77

0.77

0.53

0.34

0.16

9.90

0.31

a 91

0.01

579.92

579.89

9.89

0.10

0.06

0.08

0.00

579.83

579.50

579.22

9.17

579.81

0 92

579.48

9.43

9.48; 9.26

579.37

579.84

0.10

0.17

580.02

9.84

9.54

9.33

9.66

a 93

9.40

9.36

9.43 9.47

580.03

580.70

0.45

0.32

0.07

9.88

9.68

9.50

9.86

a 94

9.75

9.76

9.89

9.80

0.16

0.42

0.56

0.32

0.15

9.93

9.76

9.50

580.00

0 95

9.57

9.46

9.47

9.27

579.40

579.48

579.45

579.37

579.26

9.00

8.65

8.44

579.24

0 96

8.80

8.90

8.81

8.55

8.90

9.23

9.28

9.32

9.16

8.98

8.86

8.65

8.96

« 97

9.12

9.04

9.16

9.17

9.68

9.89

580.05

5S0.0G

9.83

9.52

9.41

9.14

9.51

a 98

9.30

9.36

9.56

9.70

9.81

9.95

0.04

579.94

9.77

9.50

9.43

9.26

9.64

99

a 9.32

0 9.20

b 9.33 b 9.21

b 9.58

b580.02

b 0.30

65.80.24

6580.05

6 9.60

6 9.47

b 9.28

9.63

61900

9.39

9.47

9.47! 9.22

9.43

579.58

579.80

579.87

579.85

9.77

9.75

9.52

9.59

Ij 01

9.57

9.76

9.561 580.02

9.99

9.98

580.17

580.26

580.02

9.79

9.58

9.32

9.84

i 02

9.53

9.34

9.95 579.11

9.32

9.63

579.95

0.01

579.73

9.55

9.35

9.18

9.47

'j 03

9.37

9.44

9.281 9.52

9.56

9.77

9.90

579.93

9.96

9.94

9.54

9.41

9.64

b 04

9.46

9.50

9.54i 9.90

580.12

580.53

580.56

580.55

580.46

580.32

580.07

9.77

580.06

i< 05

580.18

580.071 9.791 9.83

0.07

0.50

0.70

0.70

0.57

0.31

0.04 580.78

0.30

b 06

579.75

0.30, 580. 23| 580.11

0.30

0.38

0.57

0.49

0.27

0.04

579.88! 0.07

0.20

6 07

580.13

0.39| 0.12 0.08

1

0.22

0.49

0.66

0.63

0.53

0.33

9.90 579.74

0.27

Mean

580.46

580.45

580.48 580.38

580.65

580.88

581.00

580.97

580.81

580.61

580.41 580.25

1

580.61

Authority, U. S. Lake Survej', except for supplied values.

H. — Supplied from Harbour Beach readings for the summer montlis, -\pril to December, inclusive, by
formula (G. T. R.— 578/=0-889 (Harbour Beach— 578)— 0-529; and for winter months, January to
March, inclusive, by formula (G. T. R.— 578) = 0889 (Harbour Beach— .578)— 0-235.

b. — Self-registering gauge. *

Note. — Elevation.s depend on B. M. Fort Gratiot Light-house (1877) as 590-312 ft.
1903 Levels.

U. S. Lake Survey

lyTERXATIOXAL WATEKWAYS COMMISSION

839

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Table

WATER LEVELS OF LAKE ST. CLAIR.

Montlily mean elevation of water surface of Lake St. Clair, at the St. Clair Flats Canal, in feet above

mean tide at New York.

Yeai

Jan.

1 1

■■ Feb. 1 Mar.

April ' May June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

1
Dec.

1

i Mean

al86C

; 576.31

574. S4i 575.94

576.50 576.89 577.03

576.40

576.30

575.90

576.59

575.68

576.29

576 . 22

6 61

! 6.37

4.93i 6.02' 6.77, 6,83' 7.03

7.00

7.17

6.98

6.78

6.64

6.64

6.60

b 62

1 6.29

5.141 6.071 7.24 7.24i 7.281 7.27

: 7.15

6.94

6.74

6.43

6.30

6.67

b 63

6.48

6.41

6.15! 6.63 6.90

6.77

6.83

! 6.79

6.61

6.11

5.94

5.90

6.46

b 64

6.14

5.50

5.61 6.30 6.70

6.90

1 6.67

6.47

6.29

5.80

5.72

5.83

6.16

65

1 b 4.53

/, 3.78

6 4.48 b 5.64 b 6.17

b 6.21

; 6 6.40

c 6.38

c 6.32

c 6.11

c 5.66

c 5.52

5.60

66

b 5.42

c 4,91

c 4.961 c 5.72

c 5.84

c 6.13

c 6.39

c 6.24

c 6.18

c 6.18

c 6.03

c 6.20

5^85

c 67

5.30

5,28' 4.821 6.06

6.46

6.84

6.70

6.61

6.25

5.90

5.42

5.30

5.91

68

d 5.27

f/ 4.151 d 5.43 c 5.64

c 6.10

c 6.41

c 6.34

c 6.00

c 5.78

c 5.40

c 5:15

c 5.12

5 57

69

d 4. 81

d 4.39 d 4.58, c 5.35

[

c 5.45

c 6.00

c 6.48

c 6.48

c 6.28

c 5.87

c 5.60

d 5.95

5^60

1870

d 6,79

d 5.521 d 5.521 c 6.38

c 6.74

c 6.80

c 7.04

c 6.98

c 6.74

c 6.34

c 6.11

c 6.10

6.42

71

d 0.71

d 4.71( c 6.40 c 6.48

c 6.72

c 6.78

c 6.82

c 6.63

c 6.36

c 5.78

c 5.60

d 5 83

6 15

72

d 5.09

d 4,98l d 4.70 c 5.12

c 5.32

c 5.74

5.47

5.61

5.47

5.45

4.96

4.92

5.24

73

4.42

4.651 4.99I 5.87

5.89

6.16

6.30

6.29

6.06

5.81

5.62

5.83

5 66

74

5.05

4,41' 5.841 6.06

6.021 6.23

6.40

6.31

6.10

5.86

5.57

5.26

5^76

75

5.11

5. 04; 5 201 5.21

5.78

5.95

6.18

6.11

5.96

5.79

5.61

5 51

5.62

76

5.66

6.11' 6.89' 6.86

6.63

7.52

7.68

7.51

7.04

6.71

6.60

7.45

6^89

77

6.98

5.52 4.24, 5.20

5.45

6.28

6.53

6.44

6.19

c 6.12

6.24

6.03

5.94

78

5.92

5.00 5.161 6 6.47

6 6.63! 6.68

6.80

6.71

6.37

6.18

5.85

5.61

6 12

79

5.20

4.51 5.20i 5.75

5.63

6 5.90

b 6.01

b 5.80

b 5.61

b 5.32

b 5.02

6 5.25

5.43

M880

5.52

5.07 5.50 5.66

5.84

6.23

6.19

6.27

6.02

5. 68

5.51

6.18

5.81

81

b 4.60

b 5.05 6 5.06 b 6.01

b 6.01

b 6.31

6 6.32

b 6.20

6.07

e 5.87

e 6.00

e 6.13

5.77

82

e 6.40

e 6,021 e 6.531 e 6.57

6.99

e 6.58

7.41

7.40

e 6.76

e 6.45

6.17

e 6.67

6,68

83

e 6.28

e 0 00 e 5.391 e 5.95

6.34

7.07

7.74

7.66

7.20

6.83

6.39

6.36

6,60

84

4.93

5,38 6.75! 6.99

7.16

7.33

7.38

7.09

6.73

6.51

6.14

6.32

6.56

85

6.82

6.02 6.86: 6.88

6.73

7.10

7.01

7.12

6.97

6.65

0.61

6.59

6.78

86

5.75

4.86 5.64! 6.30

6.99

7.04

7.95

6.93

6.78

6.62

6.28

6.55

6.40

■ 87

6.24

6.35 6.35I 6.55 6.77

6.86

6.86

6.68

6.40

6.07

5.65

5.6V

6.37

88

5.67

5.45 5.16 5.81

5,83! 6.04

6.33

6.23

5.99

5.71

5.58

5.47

5,77

89

5.71

4.77 4.08 4.98

5.36 5.91

6,05

5.90

5.70

5.31

5.03

4.96

5.36

1890

5.44

5.29 5.26; 5.65

5.91 6.34

6.27

6.03

5.79

5.57

5.54

5.39

5.71

91

4.97

5.07 4.86! 5.23

5.18! 5.29

5.36

5.25

5.12

4.80

4.56

4.64

5.03

92

4.26

3.51 3.70 4.53

5.07 5.69

5.89

5.71

5.60

5.15

4.76

4.54

4.87

93

3.70

3,80 4.64

5.07

5.48' 5.82

5.86

5.68

5.42

5.16

4.88

4.98

5.04

94

4 99

4.49 4.86

5.01 5,46' 5.69

5.73

5.53

5.38

5.12

4.88

4.82

5.16

95

■ 5,28

5.29 4.69 4.19 4,49 4.63

4.69

4.65

4.53

4.13

3.84

4.12

4.54

96

4.17

3.33 3.57 4.09 4.34| 4.70

4.87

5.03

4.71

4.61

4.15

4.13

4 31

97

4.42

4,77 4.721 4.77 5.18

5.28

5.43

5.40

5.14

4.78

4.61

4.64

4.93

98

4.58

4.10 4.731 5.17 5.29

5.49

5.54

5.40

5.13

4.87

4.82

4.90,

5.00

99

4.80

4.57 4.53 4.65 5.07

5.34

5.51

5.45

5.14

4.84

4.71

4.65

4.94

1900

4.18

4.29 4.77 4.87, 4.98

5.15

5.23

5.28

5.16

5.01

4.88

4.74

4.88

01

4.59

3.68 3.96

3.17! 4.27

5.03

5.24

5.24

5.22

4.90

4.61

4.64

4.55

02

/ 3.70

/ 3.29 / 4.26

4.461 4.70

5.07

5.70

5.56

5.28

5.18

4.89i

4.99!

4.76

03

5.19

/ 4.73

/ 5.05

/ 5.57! 5.36! 5.49

5.62

5.54

5.53

5.39

4.89;

5.29

5.30

04

. 4.12

4.44

5.58

58.5! 5.80' 6.13

6.19

6.08

5.92

5.68'

5.28!

5.39

5.54

05

4.46

4.14

4.75

5.05 5.39 5.82

6.01

5.95

5.78

5.54I

5.261

5.11

5.27

06

/ 5,25

/ 4,32

/ 4.30

/ 5.14 / 5.40 / 5.61

/ 5.81

/ 5.76

/ 5.55

/ 5.37!

5.441

4.32

5.27

07

5.49

4.99

5.02

5.64; 5.78| 6.11

6.27

/ 5.98

/ 5.76

/ 5.69

/ 5.35[

/ 5.32

5.62

Mean

575 30

574.85 575.20

575.64' 575.89! 576.17

576.28

576.19

575.96

575.72!

575.48'

575.53

575.68

Authority, U. S. Lake Survey, except for supplied values.

«. — Deduced by subtracting 0-67 foot from St. Clair Flats values (U. S. L. S. Report, 1904) to obtain
original values at Old Detroit Waterworks, then supplying by formula (Fall St. Clair Flats to Am-
herstburg) =0-9378 (Fall Old Detroit Waterworks to Amherstburg +0-853.

b. — suppled by formula (Fall St. Clair Flats to Amherstburg) = 1-0357 (Fall Light-house Depot to-
Amherstburg) + 0-377.

c — Supplied by using mean of two vaiues derived from equations (Fall St. Clair Flats to Amherstburg)
= 0-9378 (Fall Old Detroit Waterworks to Amherstburg) + 0-853; and (Fall St. Clair Flats to
Amherstburg) = 1-0357 (Fall Light-house Depot to Amherstburg) + 0-377.

d.— Supplied by formula (Fall St. Clair Flats to Amherstburg) = 0-9378 (Fall Old Detroit Waterworks
to .\mher.stburg) -|- 0-853

e. — Derived by first subtracting 0-477 foot from Ne%v Detroit Waterworks readings and then applying
the mean monthly fall from St. Clair Flats to New Detroit Waterworks, as deduced from observa-
tions taken at those points from January, 1899, to June, 1901, inclusive.

/.—Derived from observations taken at Windmill Point by applying the mean monthly fall from St.CIair
Flats Canal to Windmill Point, as determined from simultaneous observations taken at those points
from January, 1897, to July, 1907, inclusive.

Note.— Elevations depend on zero of g.-iugc 575-36 feet, and P.B.M.,"Upper Light," 581-76 ft U S Lak
Survev, 1903 Levels. ^

10a— .57*

840

DEPMi'TMEM' OF I'C/U.IC IVO/.'A'S

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Table S.

WATER LEVELS OF LAKE ST. CLAIR.

Monthlj' mean elevations of water surface of Lake St. Clair, at Windmill Point, near the outlet of Lake St.
Clair, in feet above mean tide at Xew York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug. Sept.

■

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

a 1860

575-92

574-51

575-64

576-24

576-69

576-84

576-17

576-08

575-655

576-30

575-38

575-93 575-95

a 61

5-98

4-60

5-72

6-51

6-63

6-84

6-77

6-95

6-73

6-49

6-34

6-28

6-32

a 62

5-90

4-81

5-77

6-98

7-04;

7 09

7 04

6-93

6-69

6-45

6-13

5-94

6-40

r 6r

6-09

6-08

5-85

6-37

6-70;

6-58

6-60

6-57

6-36

5-82

5-64

5-54

6-18

r 6'.

5-75

5-17

5-31

6-04

6-50

6-71

6-44

6-25

604

5-51

5-42

5-47

5-8S

a 6;

4-14

3-45

4-18

5-38

5-97

6-02

6-17

6-16

607

5-82

5-36

5-16

5-32

a 61

5-03

4-58

4-66

5-46

5-65

5-94

6-16

602

5-93

5-89

5»73

5-84

5-57

(I 67

4-91

4-95

4-52

5-80

6-26

6-65

6-47

6-39

6-00

5-61

5-12

4-94

5-64

« 68

4-88

3-82

513

5-38

5-90

6-22

6-11

5-78

5-53

5-11

4-85

4-76

5-29

a 69

4-42

406

4-28

5-09

5-25

5-81

6-25

6-26

6-03

5-58

5-30

5-59

5-33

ol870

6-40

519

5-22

6- 12

6-54

6-61

6-81

6-76

6-49

6-05

5-81

5-74

6-14

o 71

5-32

4-38

610

6-22

6-52

6-59

6-59

6-41

6-11

5-49

5-30

5-47

5-88

fl 72

4-70

4-65

4-40

4-84

5-12

5-55

5-24

5-39

5-22

5-16

4-66

4-56

4-96

a 73

4-03

4-32

4-69

5-61

5-69

5-97

6-07

6-07

5-81

5-52

5-32

5-47

5-38

a 74

4-66

4-08

5-54

5-80

5-82

6-04

6-17

6-09

5-85

5-57

5-27

4-90

5-48

a 75

4-72

4-71

4-90

4-95

5-58

5-76

5-95

5-89

5-71

5-50

5-31

515

5-34

a 76

5-27

5-78

6-59

6-60

6-43

7-33

7-45

7-29

6-79

6-42

6-30

7-09

6-61

0 77

6-59

519

3-94

4-94

5-25

6-09

6-30

6-22

5-94

5-83

5-94

5-67

5-66

a 78

5-53

4-67

4-86

6-21

6-43

6-49

6-57

6-49

6-12

5-89

5-55

5-25

5-84

a 79

4-81

4-18

4-90

5-49

5-43

5-71

5-78

5-58

5-36

5-03

4-72

4-89

516

a 1880

513

4-74

5-20

5-40

5-64

604

5-96

6-05

5-77

5-39

5-21

5-82

5-53

a 81

4-21

4-72

4-76

5-41

5-81

6-12

6-09

5-98

5-82

5-58

5-70

5-77

5-50

a 82

0 01

5-69

6-23

6-31

6-79

6-62

7-18

7-18

6-51

6- 16

5-87

6-31

6-40

a 83

5-89

5-67

5-09

5-69

6-14

6-88

7-51

7-44

6-95

6-54

6-09

6-00

6-32

a 84

4-54

505

6-45

6-73

6-96

714

7-15

6-87

6-48

6-22

5-84

5-96

6-28

a 85

6-43

5-69

6-56

6-62

6-53

6-91

6-78

6-90

6-72

6-36

6-31

6-23

6-50

a 86

5-36

4-53

5-34

6-04

6-79

6-85

6-82

6-71

6-53

6-33

5-98

6-19

612

n 87

585

6-02

6-05

6-29

6-57

6-67

6-63

6-46

6-15

5-78

5-35

5-25

6-09

a 88

5-28

5-12

4-86

5-55

5-63

5-85

6-10

6-01

5-74

5-42

5-28

5-11

5-50

a 89

5-32

4-44

4-38

4-72

615

5-72

5-82

5-68

5-45

5-02

4-73

4-00

5-09

B1890

505

4-96

4-96

5-39

5-71

5-16

6-04

5-81

5-54

5-28

5-24

5-03

5-43

u 91

4-58

4-74

4-56

4-97

4-98

5-10

5-13

5-03

4-87

4-51

4-26

4-28

4-75

u 92

3-87

318

3-40

4-27

4-87

5-50

5-66

5-49

5-35

4-86

4M6

4- 18

4-59

<i 93

3-31

3-47

4-34

4-81

5-2S

5-63

5-63

5-46

5-17

4-87

4-58

4-62

4-76

a 94

4-60

4-16

4-56

4-75

5-26

5-50

5-50

5-31

5-13

4-83

4-58

4-46

4-89

ri 95

4-89

4-96

4-39

3-93

4-29

4-44

4-46

4-43

4-28

3-84

3-54

3-76

4-27

n 96

3-78

■ 300

3-27

3-83

4-14

4-51

4-64

4-81

4-46

4-32

3-85

3-77

4-03

97

4-28

4-64

4-57

4-75

5-20

5-11

5-22

5-15

4-93

4-58

4-47

4-29

4-77

98

4-20

a 3-77

4-76

5-01

5-11

5-26

5-30

5-10

4-90

4-64

4-65

4-68

4-78

99

4-65

4-57

3-59

4-32

4-88

5-18

5-30

5-22

4-93

4-65

4-49

410

4-66

1900

403

4-24

4-67

4-64

4-79

4-99

501

5-06

4-89

4-74

4-52

4-41

4-67

01

401

306

3-32

2-69

3-94

4-81

5-04

507

4-89

4-56

4-30

4-47

4-18

02

3-31

2-96

3-96

4-22

a 4-50

a 4-88

5-50

5-41

5-08

4-92

4-62

4-64

4-50

03

4-69

4-40

4-75

5-31

: 5-27

5-38

1 5-44

5-36

5-29

504

4-54

4-94

5-03

04

3-74

3-92

4-92

5-64

5-61

5-92

i 5-97

5-82

5-60

5-31

4-94

4-89

5-19

05

3 -78

3-50

3-87

4-73

1 5-11

5-66

5-80

5-74

5-52

5-18

4-84

4-73

4-87

06

4-86

3-9'J

4-00

4-88

5-20

5-42

5-58

5-54

5-30

5-08

4-99

4-89

4-98

07

4-94

4-65

4-60

5-24

5-44

5-78

1

5-90

5-76

5-51

5-40

5-05

4-96

5-27

Mean

574-91

574-52

574-87

575-38

575-69

575-98

576-05

575-97

i

575-71

575-43

575-16

575-17

575-40

Authority ,LT.S. Lake ."Purvey, except for supplied values.

o. — Supplied by applying to the St. Clair Flats readings, the mean monthly fall from St. Clair Flats to

Windmill Point, aa deduced from observations taken between the years 1897 and 1907, inclusive.
Note.— Elevations depend on P. 15. M., 12, 584-22 ft., U. S. Lake Survey, 1903 Levels.

INTERXA no \ I /. )r.i / /;a'u .1 vs commission

841

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

Table 9.

WATER LEVELS OF DETROIT RIVER.

Monthly moan elevations o( water surface of Detroit River, at Amherstburg, Ont., in feet above mean

tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

al860

573-48

573-12

573-54

574-19

574-49

574-45

574-20

574-08

573-68

573-37

573 15

573-11

573-74

a 61

2-83

2-55

3-01

4-00

4-52

4-58

4-34

4-42

4-18

3-94

3-79

3-68

3

82

0 62

3-65

3-36

3-52

4-37

4-70

4-69

4-67

4-33

3-96

3-57

3-10

3-25

3

93

a 63

3-68

3-97

3-93

4-00

4-27

4-12

4-01

3-97

3-52

307

2-53

2-62

3

64

a 64

2-31

2-46

2-69

3-14

3-93

3-87

3-62

3-39

3-11

2-79

2-49

2-68

3

04

a 65

2-23

1-65

1-99

2-66

3-33

3-30

3-27

3-23

3-13

2-82

2-31

2-29

2

68

a 66

200

1-84

2-25

2-78

3-09

3-34

3-46

3-25

3-13

3-11

2-74

2-87

2

82

a 67

2-56

2-24

2-66

2-93

3-54

3-84

3-66

3-39

2-94

2-59

1-96

1-86

2

85

a 68

1-64

1-26

1-87

2-65

3-19

3-57

3-55

3-07

2-74

2-28

1-99

1-90

2

48

a 69

I-S7

1-80

2-30

2-55

3-19

3-57

3-86

3-80

3-47

301

2-42

2-89

2

89

al870

3-11

3-34

3- 13

3-73

4-03

3-99

4-04

4-03

3-72

3-33

2-90

2-90

3

52

a 71

2-67

2-34

2-81

3-24

3-60

3-62

3-61

3-44

3-21

2-53

2-22

1-90

2

93

a 72

1-80

1-56

1-49

1-64

2-17

2-53

2-53

2-54

2-25

2-07

1-61

1-50

1

97

n 73

1-38

1-39

1-48

2-71

3-47

3-54

3-53

3-51

3-05

2-74

2-41

2-90

2

68

a 74

3-27

3-32

3-37

3-49

3-67

3-73

3-77

3-65

3-13

2-68

2-13

2-04

3

19

a 75

1-79

1-62

1-78

2-13

2-69

311

3-25

3-28

3-08

2-58

2-30

2-64

2

52

a 76

2-58

314

3-81

4-28

4-69

4-79

4-69

4-43

4-20

3-66

3-61

3-39

3

94

a 77

2-97

2-Sl

2-60

2-98

3-32

3-39

3-64

3-54

3-40

2-99

2-78

2-98

3

12

a 78

3-04

3-18

3-33

3-70

■ 4-03

4-02

4-03

3-85

3-66

3-30

2-97

3-17

3

52

a 79

2-73

2-59

2-64

2-95

3-19

3-27

3-31

3 13

2-74

2-50

1-90

2-28

2

77

alSSO

2-76

2-80

2-96

3-07

3-43

3-53

3-63

3-43

3-14

2-69

2-48

2-26

3

02

a 81

1-83

1-94

2-28

2-93

3-42

3-65

3-61

3-33

2-92

2-86

2-55

2-88

2

85

a 82

3-33

3-33

3-80

3-97

4-26

4-40

4-34

4-24

3-91

3-45

3-00

2-61

3

72

a 83

2-50

2-71

2-92

2-99

3-54

4-23

4-44

4-42

4-05

3-72

3-21

3-36

3

51

a 84

3-01

3-27

3-48

3-98

4-34

4-41

4-20

4-08

3-59

3-25

2-64

2-69

3

58

a 85

2-49

2-28

2-16

2-93

3-75

4-25

4-22

4-27

4-06

3-95

3-70

3-77

o

49

a 86

3-77

3-04

2-87

3-70

4-09

4-18

4-17

4-01

3-70

3-46

3-04

3 07

3

59

a 87

2-83

3-26

4-06

4-06

4-33

4-34

412

3-84

3-55

2-95

2-55

2-69

3

55

a 88

2-49

2-22

2-34

2-92

3-26

3-38

3-54

3-48

2-98

2-60

2-53

2-53

2

86

a 89

2-53

2-37

2-23

2 -.53

2-80

3-22

3-43

3-16

2-71

2-28

1-88

2-26

0

62

ul890

2-60

2-89

303

3-47

3-90

4-26

3-89

3-47

3-24

3 04

2-88

2-77

3

29

u -91

2-53

2-51

2-99

2-81

2-72

2-85

2-76

2-53

2-29

1-90

1-33

1-52

2

40

a 92

, 1-53

1-32

1-38

1-89

2-78

3-53

3-66

3-35

2-97

2-40

1-94

1-79

2

38

a 93

1-39

1-47

1-71

2-39

3-32

.3-50

3-23

2-93

2-49

2-13

1-60

1-80

2

33

a 94

2-06

1-94

1-99

2-34

2-82

3-02

301

2-68

2-45

2-12

1-75

1-80

9

33

a 95

1-45

1-22

1-25

1-45

1-76

1-84

1-74

1-70

1-54

105

0-82

1-10

1

41

a 96

1-18

1-10

1-07

1-47

1-94

2-20

2-09

2-34

1-96

1-71

1-21

1-36

1

64

a 97

1-31

1-51

1-90

2-40

2-82

2-91

2-91

2-79

2-45

1-95

1-69

1-78

2

20

a 98

1-81

2-01

2-29

2-82

306

3-08

2-87

2-71

2-27

206

1-81

1-76

2

38

99

a 1-89

a 1-68

a 2-07

a 2-32

a 2-72

a 2-83

h 2-76

b 2-59

b 2-14

b 1-98

6 1-85

b 1-40

2

19

M900

1-60

1-80

2-19

2-44

2-63

2-73

2-56

2-56

2-20

2-03

1-55

1-60

9

16

b 01

1-63

1-19

112

1-39

1-56

2 03

2-20

2-14

2-03

1-59

1-19

1-62

1

64

fc 02

1-20

0-86

1-13

1-63

2-09

2-33

2-99

3 00

2-64

2-50

2-20

1-98

2

05

b 03

1-Sl

1-81

2-44

3-20

3-34

3-22

3-18

2-99

2-82

2-39

1-84

1-67

2

56

b 04

1-58

1-61

2-20

3-28

3-60

3-74

3-68

3-38

3-08

2-73

2-24

2-05

9

76

b 05

1-73

1-45

1-55

2-03

2-76

3-22

3-30

3- 18

2-90

2-45

2-02

2-05

2

39

6 06

210

2-14

2-00

2-43

2-68

2-92

3 02

2-97

2-70

2-38

2-32

2-48

2

51

07

6 2-91

b 2-66

b 2-47

h 2-94

b 3-17

6 3-63

a 3-59

a 3-35

a 3-03

a 2-94

.1 2-53

a 2-41

2-97

Mean

572-32

572-25

572-46

572-91

i

1 573-33

573-52

573-50

573-36

573-04

1

572-70

572-33

572-37

572-84

Authority, U. S. Lake Survey, except for supplied values.

a. — Supplied by applying to the Cleveland, O. readings, the mean monthly fall between Cleveland and

Amherstburg, as deduced from observations taken during the period from July, 1899, to December,

1904, inclusive.
b. — Self-registering gauge.
Note.— Elevations depend on Gauge B. M., 579-337 ft., U. S. Lake Survey, 1903 Levels.

842

DEPARTiiEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Table 10.

\V.\TER LEVELS OF L.\KE ERIE.

■\Ionthlv mean elevations of water surface of Lake Erie, at Cleveland, O., in feet above mean tide at New

York.

Year,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April.

May.

June.

July.

1
I

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Xov.

Dec. Mean.

1S60

573-26

572-90

573-30

57400

574-21

574-18

1
573-92'

573-76

573-42

573-12

573-03

572-87 573-511

61

2-61

2-33(

2-77

3-81

4-24

4-31

4-06

4-10

3-92

3-69

3-67

3-44 3o^

62

3-43

3-14

3-28

4-18

4-42

4-42

4-39

401

3-70

3-32

2-98

3 or 3-69

63

3-46

3-75!

3-69

3-81

3-99

3-85

3-73

3-65

3-26

2-82

2-41

2-38 3-40

W

209

9.')4

2-45

2-95

3-65

3-60

3-34

3-07

2-85

2-54

2-37

2-441 2-80

65

201

1-43

1-75

2-47

3-05

3-03

2-99

2-91

2-87

2-57

219

2-05' 2-44

66'

1-78

1-62

201

2-59

2-81

3-07

3-181

2-93

2-87

2-86

2-62

203, 2-58

67;

2 34

2-02

2-42

2-74

3-26

3-57

3-38

3-07

2-68

2-34

1-84

l-62i 2-61

68

1-42

1-04

1-63

2-46

2-91

3-30

3-27

2-75

2-48

2-03

187

1 66 2-24

69

■

1-65

1-58

2-06

2-36

2-91

3-30

3-58,

3-48

3-21

2-76

2-30

2-65 2-65

1

1870

2-89

3.12'

2-89

3-54

3-75

3-72

3-76

3-71

3-46

308

2-78

2-66 3-28

71

2-45

2-12

2-57

3-05

3-32

3-35

3-33

312

2-95

2-28

2-10

1-66 2-69

72

1-58

1-34

1-25

1-45

1-89

2-26

2-25

2-22

1-99

1-82

1-49

1-26. 1-73

73

116'

117

1-24

2-52

3-19

3-27

3-25

319

2-79

2-49

2-29

2-66 2-44

74

305

3-10

3-13

3-30

3-39

3-46

3-49

3-33

2-87

2-43

2-61

1-80 2-95

7.5

1-57

1-40

1-54

1-94

2-41

2-84

2-97

2-96

2-82

2-33

2-18

2-40 2-28

76

2-36

2-92

3-57

4-09

4-41

4-52

4 41

4-11

3-94

3-41

3-49

3-15 3-70

77

2-75'

2-59

2-36

2-79

3-04

3- 12

3-36

3-22

3-14

2-74

2-66

2-74

2-88

78

2-82

2-96

3-09

3-51

3-75

3-75

3-75

3-58

3-40

3 05

2-85

2-93

3-28

79

2-51

2-37

2-40

2-76

^ 2-91

3-00

3-03

2-81

2-48

2-25

1-78

2-04

2-53

18S0

2-54

2-58

2-72

2-88

3-15

3-26

3-35

311

2-88

2-44

2-36

2-02

2-77

SI

1-61

1-72

2-04

2-74

3-14

3-38

3-33

3-01

2-66

2-61

2-43

2-64

2-61

-82

311

311

3-56

■ 3-78

3-98

4-13

406

3-92

3-65

3-20

2-88

2-37

3-48

83

2-28

2-49

2-68

2-80

3-26

3-96

4-16

410

3-79

3-47

3-09

3-12

3-27

81

2-79!

3-05

3-24

3-79

4-06

4-14

3-92

3-76

' 3-33

3-00

2-52

2-45

3-34

85

2-27,

2-06

1-92

2-74

3-47

3-^8

3-94

3-95

3-80

3-70

3-58

3-53

3-24

86

3- 55

2-82

2-63

3-51

3-81

3-91

3-89

3-69

3-44

3-21

■j.go

2-83

3-35

87

2-61

3 04

3-82

3-87

< 405

407

; 3-84

3-52

3-29

2-70

2-43

2-45

3-31

- 88

2-27

2-00

2-10

2-73

1 2-98

1 311

3-26

316

2-72

2-35

2-41

'>-29

2-62

89

2-31

2-15

1-99

2-34

1

1 2-52

j 2-95

315

2-84

2-45

203

1-76

2-02

2-38

1890

2-38!

2-67

2-79

3-28

3-62

1 3-99

3-61

3-15

2-98

2-79

2-76

2-53

3-05

91

2-3i:

2-29

2-75

2-62

1 2-44

2-58

2-48

2-21

2-03

1-65

1-21

1-28

2-15

92

1-31

1-10

1-14

1-70

' 2-50

3-26

3-38

. 3-03

2-71

215

1-82

1-55

2-14

93

M7

1-25

1-47

2-2C

3-04

3-23

2-95

2-61

2-23

1-88

] 1-48

1-56

2-09

94

I 84

1-72

1-75

2-lS

2-54

2-75

2-73

2-36

2-19

1-87

1 1-63

1 56

209

95

1-23

1-00

101

l-2e

1-4S

1-57

1-46

1-38

1-28

0-80

: 0-70

0-86

1-17

<)6

0-96

0-88

0-83

1-2S

l-6t

! 1-93

1-81

202

1-70

1-46

1-09

1-12

1-40

«7

1 09

1-29

, 1-6C

2-21

2-54

j 2-64

2-63

2-47

2-19

1-70

1-57

1-54 1-96

98

1-59

1-79

2-Oc

2-6C

2-7J

2-81

2-59

2-39

2-01

1-81

1-69

1-52; 214

99

1-67

1-46

i l-8£

21:

2-44

2-56

2-28

2-08

1-85

1-61

1-62

1-34 1-91

1900

1-36

1-57

1-95

.1 2-2:

2-3S

1 2-47

2-34

2-31

1-99

1-75

1-49

1-45

1-94

01

1-35

1-00

0-85

! 1-2J

)' 1-3]

1-72

1-91

1-7S

1-71

1-33

! 1-16

119

1-39

02

108

0-63

0-9-

I 1-4!

) l-8f

) 212

2-74

2-72

2-38

2-29

1 2-02

1-82

1-84

03

1-72

1-70

2-2{

! 3-0.

) 3-0!

) 3-05

2-98

2-76

2-59

2-25

1-77

1 31

2-38

04

119

1-28

l-8(

) 2-9

3-r

I 3-32

3-41

3-lC

2-84

2-49

2-12

1-77

2-46

05

1-52;

1-31

1-lf

i'. 1-8;

! 2-4(

i 2-98

3 06

, 2-8?

2-63

2-31

1-93

1-92 2-17

06

i 1-91!

1-93

1-7

L 2-1;

i 2-4(

) 2-6C

2-64

2-6S

2-35

2-21

2-18

0.42I 2-26

07

1 2-76;

2-46

2-2-

1 2-7

i; 2-8.

5! 3-27

3-31

30S

2-77

j 2-69

: 2-41

2-261 2-73

Mean

572-10

572-03

572-2

J 572-7(

)' 5730,

)' 573-24

573-22

573-04

572-78

572-45

' 572-21

j 572 -141672 -60

Authority, V.S. Lake Survey.

From January-. 1860, to December, 1903, inclusive, data from U. S. Lake Survey Report for 1904, p.'»ge

4097.
Readings from 1904 to 1907, inclu.sive, from U. S. Lake Suri'ey .-innual Reports.
KoTE.— Elevations depend on B. M. "I" 581-41 ft., U. S. Lake Suney, 1903 Levels.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

843

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

Table U.

WATER LKVELS OF LAKE ERIE.

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of Lake Erie, at Buffalo Breakwater Light-house, in feet above

mean tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Klar.

April.

May.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean.

aI860

573-51

572-93

573-28

573-91

574-11

574-15

573-96

573-72

573-44

573-20

573-22

573-25

573-56

a 61

2-86

2-36

2-75

3-72

4-14

4-28

4-10

4-06

3-94

3-77

3-86

3-82

3-64

a 62

3-68

317

3-26

4-09

4-32

4-39

4-43

3-97

3-72

3-40

3-17

3-39

3-75

a 63

3-71

3-78

3-67

3-72

3-89

3-82

3-77

3-61

3-28

2-90

2-60

2-76

3-46

a 64

2-3-J

2-27

2-43

2-84

3-55

3-57

3-38

3-03

2-87

2-62

2-56

2-82

2-86

a 65

2-26

1-46

1-73

2-38

2-95

300

3-03

2-87

2-89

2-65

2-38

2-43

2-50

(1 66

2-03

1-65

1-99

2-50

2-71

3-04

3-22

2-89

2-89

■ 2-94

2-81

3-01

2-64

a 67

2-59

205

2-40

2-65

3-16

3-54

3-42

3-03

2-70

2-42

2-03

2-00

2-67

a 68

1-67

1-07

1-61

2-37

■2-81

3-27

3-31

2-71

2-50

2-11

206

2-04

2-29

a 69

1-90

1-61

2-04

2-27

2-81

3-27

3-62

3-44

3-23

2-84

2-49

303

2-71

(11870

3-14

315

2-87

3-45

3-65

3-69

3-80

'3-67

3-48

3-16

2-97

3-04

3-34

a 71

2-70

2-15

2-55

2-96

3-22

3-32

3-37

3-08

2-97

2-36

2-29

2-04

2-75

a 72

1-83

1-37

1-23

1-36

1-79

2-23

. 2-29

2-18

2-01

1-90

1-68

1-64

1-79

a 73

1-41

1-20

1-22

2-43

3-09

3-24

3-29

3-15

2-81

2-57

2-48

3-04

2-49

a 74

3 -.30

3-13

3-11

3-21

3-29

3-43

3 -.53

3-29

2-89

2-51

2-20

2-18

3-01

0 75

1-82

1-43

1-52

1-85

2-31

2-81

301

2-92

2-84

2-41

2 -.37

2-78

2-34

a 76

2-61

2-95

3-55

4-00

4-31

4-49

4-45

4-07

3-96

3-49

3-68

3-53

3-76

a 77

3-00

2-62

2-34

2-70

2-94

309

3-40

3-18

3-16

2-82

2-85

3-12

2-94

0 78

3-07

2-99

307

3-42

3-65

3-72

3-79

3-49

3-42

3-13

3-04

3-31

3-34

a 79

2-76

2-40

2-38

2-67

2-81

2-97

3-07

2-77

2-50

2-33

1-97

2-42

2-59

alSSO

2-79

2-61

2-70

2-79

3-05

3-23

3-39

307

2-90

2-52

2-55

2-40

2-83

a 81

1-86

1-75

2-02

2-65

3-04

3-35

3-37

2-97

2-68

2-69

2-62

3-02

2-67

a 82

3-36

3-14

3-54

3-69

3-88

4-10

4-10

3-88

3-67

3-28

307

2-75

3 -.54

a 83

2-53

2-52

2-66

2-71

3-16

3-93

4-20

4-06

3-81

3-55

3-28

3-50

3-33

a 84

3-04

3-08

3-22

3-70

3-96

4-11

3-96

3-72

3-35

3-08

2-71

2-83

3-40

a 85

2-52

209

1-90

2-65

3-37

3-95

3-98

3-91

3-82

3-78

3-77

3-91

3-30

a 86

3-80

2-85

2-61

3-42

3-71

3-88

3-93

3-65

3-46

3-29

3-11

3-21

3-41

87

a 2-86

a 3-07

3-75

3-71

3-93

4-07

3-91

3-51

3-20

3-26

2-71

2-89

3-41

i 88

2-57

1-96

2-03

2-69

2-84

3-01

3-23

3-12

2-78

2-59

2-44

2-47

2-67

b 89

2-56

2-34

1-95

2-33

2-49

2-96

3-00

2-91

2-53

2-03

2-03

2-34

2-46

61890

2-93

2-74

2-98

3-23

3-59

3-92

3-64

3-17

2-82

2-81

3-00

2-74

3-13

6 91

2-48

2-36

2-50

2-62

2-40

2-38

2-56

2-27

2-10

1-73

1-67

1-70

2-23

b 92

1-61

0-92

1-12

1-96

2-40

3-21

3-42

305

2-78

2-45

207

2-04

2-25

6 93

1-27

1-22

1-53

2-19

2-91

3-26

3-13

2-54

2-29

2-19

1-99

2-13

2-24

6 94

2-13

1-75

1-86

2-05

2-55

2-94

2-81

2-34

2-17

2-17

1-82

2-22

6 95

1-69

100

0-92

1-13

1-48

1-58

1-56

1-42

1-44

1-20

0-71

0-97

4-26

b 96

1-12

105

0-69

1-22

1-67

1-68

1-80

2-09

1-67

1-41

1-44

1-23

1-43

b 97

1-59

1-15

1-66

2-18

2-60

2-59

2-57

2-45

2-09

1-65

1-69

1-81

2-00

6 98

1-68

1-571

1-95

2-55

2-68

2-72

2-50

2-46

2-08

1-91

2-01

2-07

2-18

99

205

1-59

c 1-85

c 2-04

c 2-32

c 2-51

c 2-45

c 209

c 1-90

c 1-48

c 1-55

c 1-96

1-98

clOOO

1-67

1-61)

1-82

2-16

2-33

2-41

2-43

2-31

2-07

1-68

1-84

1-77

2-01

c 01

a 1-60

a 1-03

0-82

1-05

1-17

1-69

1-88

1-70

1-75

1-53

1-39

l-37i

1-42

c 02

1-41

0-79

0-95

1-50

1-74

205

2-73

2-64

2-30

2-39i

2-14

a 2-20

1-90

c 03

1-99

1-70

2-13

2-83

2-85

2-95

2-99

2-64

2-55

2-36!

2-01

2-02

2-42

c 04

1-06

1-30

1-86

2-89

3-23

3-49

3-41

3-12

2-84

2-611

2-31

2-13

2-52

c 05

1-74

1-23

1-32

1-79

2-38

2-97

3-28

3-06

2-86

2-65;

2-29

2-45

2-34

c 06

2-33

1-88

1-66

206

2-27

2-49

2-56

2-51

2-27

2-25i

2-32

2-45

2-25

c 07

2-96
572-36

2-47

2-22

2-62

2-84

3-18

3-33

3-02

2-80

2-79;

2-71

2-63

2-80

Mean

572-05

572-19

572-64

572-97

573-21

573-26

573-02

572-80

572-561

572-42

572-52

572-67

Authority, U.S. Lake Survey, except for supplied values.

a.— Supplied by applying to the Cleveland, O. readings, the mean monthly rise or fall between Cleveland,

O. and Buffalo, N. Y., from June, 1899, to December, 1906, inclusive,
h.— Derived from U. S. Lake Survey tables by subtracting 0-1 foot from records there given.
c. — Self-registering gauge.
Note.— Elevation.s depend on B. M. "Light-house," 590-101 ft., U. S. Lake Survey, 1903 Levels.

844

DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKf:

Table 12.

\V.\TER LEVELS OF LAKE ON'IWRIO.

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of Lake Ontario, at Charlotte, N. Y., in feet above mean tide at

New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

' Nov.

Dec.

Mean

1860

246-58

246-41

246-52

246-54

246-78

246-97

247-09

247-08

246-67

246-41

246-49

246-50

246-67

61

6

28

6

29

6

73

7

27

8

04

8

28

8-29

8

00

7-54

7

69

7

60

7

40

7

45

62

7

04

6

78

6

89

7

75

8

58

8

43

8-32

7

99

7-46

6

96

6

59

6

45

7

44

63

6

52

6

71

6

88

7

47

7

97

7

97

7-73

7

42

0-87

6

44

6

25

6

26

7

04

64

6

10

6

08

6

15

0

69

7

74

8

07

7-67

i

29

6-76

6

47

6

56

6

78

6

86

65

6

51

6

17

6

58

7

21

7

47

7

44

7-24

6

75

6-39

6

04

5

72

5

64

6

60

66

5

45

5

22

5

53

3

88

6

34

7

08

6-85

6

63

6-49

6

37

6

39

6

85

6

26

67

6

79

6

77

6

90

7

31

8

10

8

40

808

8

09

7-89

7

35

5

56

5

34

7

21

68

5

16

4

80

5

16

5

82

0

35

6

70

6-57

0

36

6-13

5

43

5

54

5

52

5

79

69

5

38

5

51

5

70

6

44

7

03

7

20

7-47

7

42

7-27

6

97

6

56

«

71

«

64

1870

7

24

7

39

7

32

8

35

9

03

8

81

8-54

8

09

7-49

7

14

6

72

6

52

7

72

71

0

30

6

08

6

37

7

03

7

32

7

25

7-08

6

64

6-30

5

73

5

35

4

78

6

35

72

4

63

4

43

4

30

4

72

4

96

5

28

5-34

5

19

4-94

4

84

4

73

4

54

4

82

73

4

47

4

38

4

55

6

23

6

91

6

96

6-90

6

66

6-22

5

86

5

70

5

83

5

89

74

6

30

6

64

7

08

7

19

7

32

7

28

7-39

7

14

6-64

6

03

5

50

5

20

6

64

75

4

85

4

52

4

68

5

46

5

81

5

86

6-01

5

83

5-60

5

35

5

17

5

07

5

35

76

5

48

6

11

6

70

7

62

8

30

8

42

8-44

8

02

7-35

7

00

6

66

6

39

7

21

77

5

98

5

74

5

85

6

46

6

60

6

41

6-54

6

27

5-86

5

46

5

32

5

46

6

00

78

5

60

5

83

6

34

6

74

7

06

7

05

7-08

6

97

6-82

6

38

6

35

7

03

6

60

79

6

80

6

45

6

47

6

73

6

88

6

91

6-72

6

34

5-94

5

50

5

10

5

12

6

25

1880

5

34

5

63

5

95

6

18

6

38

6

52

6-53

6

16

5-85

5

37

5

27

5

07

5

85

81

4

76

4

85

5

42

5

79

6

09

6

29

6-33

6

00

5-56

5

24

5

24

5

22

5

57

82

5

74

5

94

6

51

6

82

7

09

7

59

7-59

7

22

6-83

6

35

5

86

5

56

6

59

83

5

32

5

39

5

60

6

16

6

76

7

39

7-85

7

70

7-26

6

84

6

59

6

49

6

61

84

6

44

6

85

7

35

8

03

8

16

8

05

7-91

7

65

7-15

6

75

6

22

6

09

7

22

85

6

06

5

78

5

54

6

28

7

07

7

40

7-55

7

36

7-17

6

97

7

00

7

18

6

78

86

7

55

7

56

7

58

8

36

8

59

8

34

7-95

7

50

7-09

6

72

6

43

6

36

7

50

87

6

15

6

84

7

27

7

56

8

08

8

07

7-78

7

29

6-69

6

21

5

72

5

57

6

94

88

5

45

5

26

5

48

5

98

6

19

6

24

6-18

6

01

5-78

5

43

S

31

5

28

5

72

89

5

39

5

69

5

76

5

93

6

18

6

62

6-76

6

52

5-97

5

66

5

33

5

55

5

94

1890

6

16

6

47

6

78

6

99

7

38

7

96

7-89

7

32

6-85

6

62

6

57

6

34

6

94

91

6

02

6

10

6

65

7

27

7

19

6

78

6-47

6

10

5-68

5

04

4

34

4

36

6

00

92

4

57

4

51

4

50

4

90

5

15

5

73

6-25

6

17

5-90

5

48

5

16

5

07

5

28

93

5

06

4

73

5

11

5

81

7

04

7

31

7-09

6

49

0-21

5

77

5

27

5

09

5

92

94

5

43

5

65

6

02

6

09

6

26

6

73

5-52

5

95

5-44

5

15

4

87

4

54

5

72

95

4

55

4

39

4

40

4

74

4

96

4

79

4-53

4

26

404

3

64

3

41

3

51

4

27

96

3

77

4

06

4

28

5

15

5

44

5

35

5-13

4

89

4-51

4

29

4

03

3

98

4

57

97

3

84

3

85

4

30

4

96

5

52

5

69

5-63

5

63

4-57

4

58

4

38

4

47

4

84

98

4

70

5

09

5

48

5

90

5

12

6

16

5-87

5

47

511

4

S3

4

78

4

74

5

36

99

4

88

4

78

5

07

5

61

6

01

6

15

5-95

5

56

504

4

71

4

59

4

39

5

23
24

1900

4

53

4

64

5

08

5

67

6

02

6

00

5-86

5

61

5-17

4

85

4

63

4

87

5

01

4

82

4

75

4

50

5

51

5

95

6

07

5-89

5

53

5-21

4

76

4

35

4

35

5

14

02

4

53

4

47

5

03

5

56

5

65

5

67

6-09

6

22

5-81

5

54

5

18

4

96

5

39

03

4

98

5

09

5

68

6

65

6

69

6

60

6 09

6

48

6-20

5

80

5

44

a 5

09

5

95

a 04

4

87

5

05

5

65

6

95

7

63

7

98

8-05

7

79

7-37

6

95

6

32

5

95

6

71

a 05

5

93

5

59

5

55

6

10

6

33

6

74

7-10

7

08

6-91

6

57

6

22

6

09

6

35

06

a 6

36

a 6

36

a 6

14

a 6

35

a 6

51

a 6

60

a 6-75

a 6

45

a 603

5

84

5

79

5

91

6

26

07

6-43

6-66

6-62

6-96

7-21

7-27

7-30

7-02

0-68

6-54

Mean

245 61

245-63

245-88

246-44

246-84

246-98

246-93

246-66

246-28

245-92

245-62

245-56

Authority, U..S. Lake Survey.

a.^From .self-registering gauge.

Note.— Elevations depend on B.M. •■I",2S3.168 ft., U.

Lake Survp>-, 1003 Levels.

INTERNATIOWif. WATEliWArS COMMISSION

845

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1'9a

Table 13.

WATER LEVELS OF LAKE ONTARIO.

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of Lake Ontario, at Oswego, N.Y., in feet above mean tide at

New York.

Yeai-

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dee.

Mean.

1860

246-58

246-72

246-77

246-80

247-03

247-57

247-82

247-26

246-86

246-67

246-75

246-73

246-96

61

6-44

6

56

7

01

7-23

8-18

8-54

8-32

8

07

7

60

7

81

7

82

7

61

7-60

62

711

6

69

7

18

808

8-88

8-62

8-72

8

26

7

61

7

08

6

73

6

62

7-63

63

6-77

6

83

6

91

7-63

8-03

8-18

7-77

7

31

6

93

6

74

6

56

6

57

719

64

6-33

6

17

6

26

6-83

7-82

8-12

7-80

7

34

6

81

6

58

6

55

6

65

6-94

65

708

7

23

7

38

7-46

7-62

7-66

7-51

6

90

6

29

6

07

5

82

5

66

6-89

66

5-46

5

47

5

48

5-96

6-02

5-92

6-84

6

74

6

65

6

52

6

28

6

20

6-13

67

5-95

5

92

6

62

7-52

8-21

8-48

811

7

48

6

98

6

33

5

59

4

83

6-84

68

4-51

4

61

4

88

5-52

6-12

6-54

6-42

6

13

5

94

5

35

5

20

5

37

5-55

69

5-22

5

34

5

56

6-09

6-75

6-97

7-29

7

35

7

17

7

08

6

68

6

85

6-53

1870

7-26

7

41

7

41

8-35

8-95

8-63

8-31

7

97

7

28

6

95

6

38

6

13

7-59

71

606

5

89

6

10

6-70

7-12

7-06

6-90

6

46

6

12

5

62

5

21

4

90

6-18

72

4-73

4

51

4

35

4-84

• 4-96

5-29

5-35

5

19

4

90

4

74

4

69

4

35

4-82

73

4-31

4

38

4

50

6-46

7-00

6-92

6-88

6

60

6

18

5

73

5

60

5

79

5-86

74

6-35

6

75

7

30

7-19

7-17

7-26

7-21

6

98

6

34

5

94

5

37

5

03

6-57

75

4-73

4

38

4

64

5-44

5-71

5-87

5-90

5

76

5

55

5

27

5

08

4

90

5-27

76

5-31

5

97

6

52

7-50

8-08

8-30

8-37

7

91

7

30

6

96

6

60

6

42

7-10

77

5-89

5

62

5

77

6-46

6-53

6-43

6-47

6

20

5

77

5

34

5

25

5

38

5-93

78

5-48

5

69

6

39

6-64

6-98

6-97

6-93

6

85

6

59

6

33

6

21

7

02

6-51

79

6-81

6

45

6

30

6-71

6-80

6-83

6-67

6

32

5

90

5

46

5

07

5

10

6-20

1880

5-32

5

60

5

94

6-12

'6-27

6-51

6-52

6

09

5

72

5

31

5

27

5

10

5-81

81

4-74

4

73

5

39

5-81

5-99

6-21

6-28

5

96

5

40

5

18

5

18

5

18

5-50

82

5-73

5

90

6

50

6-83

7-02

7-53

7-52

7

19

6

81

6

30

5

88

5

59

6-57

83

5-32

5

38

5

62

6-14

6-79

7-49

8-02

7

84

7

36

6

92

6

69

6

55

6-68

84

6-51

6

88

7

56

8- 17

8-19

8-09

7-88

7

65

7

22

6

80

6

30

6

15

7-28

85

6-14

5

87

5

59

6-27

707

7-44

7-58

7

43

7

21

7

02

7

07

7

24

6-83

86

7-60

7

67

7

81

8-43

8-64

8-44

8-04

7

60

7

24

6

95

6

51

6

42

7-61

87

6-17

6

92

07

43

7-64

8-20

8-16

7-88

7

37

6

76

6

37

6

02

5

75

7-06

88

5-44

5

30

5

54

6-17

6-24

6-28

6-34

6

24

5

85

5

49

5

42

5

41

5-81

89

5-62

5

76

5

93

617

6-32

6-63

6-82

6

57

6

01

5

57

»

17

5

74

603

1890

6-25

6

60

6

93

7-17

7-53

816

7-99

7

32

6

97

6

64

6

72

6

51

7-07

91

6- 19

6

45

6

99

7-47

7-25

6-83

6-55

6

11

5

68

5

04

4

44

4

41

6-12

92

4-51

4

48

4

61

5-19

5-25

5-81

6-32

6

24

6

04

5

60

5

33

5

20

5-38

93

4-87

4

76

5

24

5-99

715

7-37

711

6

57

6

30

5

78

5

37

5

92

5-98

94

5-56

5

74

B

04

6-09

6-27

6-80

6-60

6

02

5

51

5

26

4

93

4

58

5-78

95

4-49

4

43

4

33

4-88

5-00

4-88

4-59

4

34

4

00

3

66

3

41

3

44

4 29

96

3-80

4

26

4

49

5-41

5-43

5-35

5-08

i

94

4

46

4

23

3

97

3

97

4-62

97

3-88

3

82

4

32

4-96

5-40

5-61

5-61

5

60

5

10

4

47

4

41

4

47

4-80

98

4-64

5

08

5

48

5-92

6-08

6-13

5-85

5

50

5

09

4

84

4

89

4

90

5-37

99

4-98

4

88

5

13

5-69

5-94

6-07

5 92

5

46

a 4

95

o 4

55

a 4

42

a 4

36

5-20

al900

4-63

4

88

5

19

5-80

5-99

5-91

5-82

5

54

5

12

4

72

4

35

4

84

5-25

a 01

4-68

4

62

4

39

5-63

5-91

5-99

5-74

• 5

42

5

10

4

65

4

28

4

36

5-06

0 02

4-42

4

30

4

95

5-40

5-47

5-55

5-97

6

11

5

66

5

42

5

05

4

89

5-27

a 03

4-92

5

16

5

75

6-44

6-56

6-44

6-59

6

35

6

07

5

72

5

36

5

11

5-87

04

4-72

5

00

5

63

7-00

7-61

7-87

7-89

7

64

7

25

6

87

6

36

5

81

6-64

05

5-79

5

49

5

29

6-13

6-25

0-59

6-98

6

90

6

75

6

45

6

07

5

88

0-21

06

6-13

6

09

5

91

6-25

6-38

6-41

6-57

6

26

5

81

5

48

5

58

5

74

6-05

07

6-34

6-46

6-47

6-85

7-08

7-11

7-12

6-90

6-50

6-48

6-33

6-33

6-66

Mean

245-58

245-65

245-91

246-49

246-82

246-95

246-93

246-63

246-22

245-88

245-63

245-57

246-19

Authority, U.S. Lake Survey.

n. — Self-registering gauge

Floods in Oswego River during the spring may cause abormal gauge readings from 0.2 to 0.3 foot above

the true mean stage of Lake Ontario.
Note. — Elevations depend on zero of gauge. 244 12 ft., and B.M. "A", 251 90 ft., V.S. Lake Survey, 1903

Levels.

846

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Table 14.

WATER LEVELS OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of St. Lawrence River, at Ogdensburg, X.Y., in feet above

mean tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

1
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

0I86O

245-65

245-78

245-83

245-86

246-07

246-58

246-82

246-29

245-91

245-73

245-81

245-79

246-01

a 61

5-52

5

63

605

6

26

7-16

7

50

7

29

7-05

6-61

6-81

6

82

6

62

6-61

0 62

6-15

5

75

6-21

7

06

7-82

7

57

7

67

7-23

6-62

6-12

5

79

5

69

6-64

a 63

5-83

5

88

5-96

6

64

7-02

7

16

6

77

6-34

5-98

5-80

5

63

5

64

6-22

a 64

5-41

5

26

5-35

5

88

6-82

7

10

6

80

6-37

5-87

5-65

5

62

5

72

5-99

a 65

6-12

6

26

6-40

6

48

6-63

6

67

6

53

5-95

5-38

5-17

4

93

4

78

5-94

a 66

4-59

4

60

4-61

5

06

5-12

5

03

5

89

5-80

5-72

5-59

5

37

5

29

5-22

a 67

•06

5

03

5-69

6

54

7-19

7

44

7

09

6-50

6-03

5-41

4

72

4

00

5-89

a 68

3-70

3

79

4-05

4

65

5-22

5

61

5

50

5-23

5-05

4-49

4

35

4

51

4-68

69

a 4-37

a 4

48

a 4-69

0 5

15

a 5-81

6

18

6

41

6-41

6-16
619

6-08

5

70

6

04

5-63

1870

6-32

6

36

6-16

7

35

7-87

7

60

7

36

7-03

5-87

5

64

a 0

23

6-58

71

a 5-16

a 5

00

a 5-20

a 5

76

6-02

6

28

6

01

5-66

5-34

4-99

4

39

a 4

07

5-32

72

a 3-91

a 3

70

a 3-55

a 4

01

■31

4

53

4

77

4-66

4-59

4-09

a 3

87

a 3

55

4-13

73

0 3-51

a 3

58

a 3-69

a 5

54

615

6

18

6

20

0 5-67

a 5-27

a 4-85

I 4

73

a 4

90

5-02

74

0 5-43

0 5

81

a 6-33

a 6

22

a 6-21

a 6

29

a 6

24

6-16

a 5-42

a 5-05

a 4

51

a 4

19

5-66

a 75

3-91

3

58

3-82

4

57

4-83

4

98

5

01

4-88

4-68

4-41

4

24

4

07

4-42

a 76

4-45

5

07

5-59

6

52

7-06

7

27

7

34

6-90

6-33

601

5

67

5

50

6-14

a 77

5-00

4

74

4-89

5

54

5-60

5

51

5

55

5-29

4-89

4-48

4

40

4

52

503

a 78

4-61

4

81

5-47

5

71

6-03

6

02

5

98

5-90

' 6-65

5-41

5

30

6

06

5-58

a 79

5-87

5

53

5-39

5

77

5-86

S

88

5

73

5-40

501

4-59

4

23

4

25

5-29

0I8SO

4-46

4

73

5-05

5

22

5-36

5

58

5

59

51?

4-84

4-45

4

41

4

25

4-93

a 81

3-91

3

91

4-53

4

92

5-09

5

30

5

37

5-06

4-54

4-33

4

33

4

33

4-64

0 82

4-85

5

01

5-57

5

88

6-06

6

54

6

54

6-22

5-87

5-39

4

99

4

72

5-64

0 S3

4-46

4

52

4-74

5

23

5-85

6

51

7

01

6-84

6-38

5-97

5

75

5

62

5-74

84

a 5-58

0 5

93

0 6-57

a 7

15

a 7-17

a 7

07

a 6

87

0 6,66

6-39

5-97

5

55 ia 5

24

6-35

85

a 5-23

a 4

98

a 4-72

a 5

36

0 6-11

6

47

0 6

59

a 6-45

a 6-24

6-05

a 6

11

a 6

27

5-88

a 86

6-61

6

68

6-81

7

39

7-59

7

40

7

03

6-61

6-27

6-00

5

58

5

50

6-62

87

a 5-26

5

97

0 6-45

a 6

65

7-14

7

08

6

90

a 6-39

a 5-82

a 5-45

a 5

12

a 4

87

6-09

a 88

4-57

4

44

4-67

5

26

5-33

5

37

5

42

5-33

4-96

4-62

4

56

4

55

4-92

■1 89

4-74

4

88

5-04

5

26

5-40

5

70

5

88

5-64

5-11

4-70

4

32

. 4

86

5-13

1890

a 5-34

a 5

67

a 5-98

a 6

21

6-59

7

00

6

97

612

a 6-02

a 5-71

a 5

78

a 5

58

6-OS

91

a 5-28

a 5

53

0 6-04

a 6

49

0 6-28

5

72

5

49

5-07

4-71

4-29

3

99

a 3

60

5-21

92

a 3-70

a 3

67

1 3-79

a 4

34

a 4-40

a 4

92

5

26

5-15

5-21

4-67

4

36

0 4

35

4-48

a 93

404

3

93

4-39

5

09

6-19

6

39

6

15

5-64

5-39

4-90

4

51

4

37

5-08

0 94

4-69

4

86

5-14

5

19

5-36

5

86

5

67

5-12

4-64

4-40

4

09

3

76

4-90

a 95

3-68

3

62

3-53

4

05

4-16

4

05

3

77

3-54

3-22

2-90

-2

66

2

69

3-49

a 96

3-03

3

46

3-68

4

55

4-57

4

49

4

24

4-10

3-65

3-43

3

19

3

-9

3-80

a 97

3-10

3

05

3-52

4

12

4-54

4

73

4

73

4-73

4-25

3-66

3

60

3

66

3-97

a 98

3-82

4

24

4-61

5

03

5 18

5

23

4

96

4-63

4-24

4-Cl

4

06

4

07

4-51

a 99

4-14

4

05

4-28

4

81

5-05

5

17

5

03

4-59

4-11

3-74

3

61

3

56

4-34

1900

a 3-81

0 4

05

0 4-34

0 4

91

a 5-09

a 5

m

a 4

93

a 4-67

b 4-14

b 3-85

6 3

69

6 3

96

-37

6 01

3-78

3

55

3-38

4

35

4-82

• 4

99

4

81

4-53

4-25

3-84

3

44

3

r.i

411

02

b 3-.-)7

6 3

57

b 4-14

6 4

67

b 4-62

(> 4

71

b 5

06

b 5-12

b 4-80

b 4-51

6 4

21

a 4

06

4-42

b 03

3-97

4

00

4-68

5

48

6-60

5

43

5

57

5-35

5-13

4-70

4

47

4

24

4 88

04

a 3-90

5 4

04

b 4-47

b 5

86

6 6-45

b 6

75

b 6

82

b 6-64

b 6-22

b 5-89

h 5

36

b 4

81

5-60

a 05

4-91

4

53

4-24

5

09

5-28

5

64

5

95

5-85

5-76

5-48

5

24

5

03

5-25

a 06

5-30

5

11

4-95

5

21

5-38

5

42

5

56

5-31

4-92

4-68

4

62

4

64

509

a 07

5-20

5-42

5-32

5-74

6 03

6-05

6-12

5-90

5-51

5-42

5-31

5-34

5-61

Mean

244-70

244-75

244-99

245-54

245-86

24600

245-98

245-69

245-32

244-99

244-76

244-69

245-27

Authority, U.S. Lake Survey, except for supplied values.

a. — Supplied from Oswego, N.Y'., readings by formula (Ogdensburg — 240)=0-9426 (Oswego — 240) — 0-553.
b. — Self-registering gauge.

Note.— Elevations depend on zero of gauge, 244-63 ft. and B. M. "0", 247- 126 ft., U.S. Lake Survey, 1903,
Levels.

lyTERXATIOyAL WATERWAYS G0MMI88I0\

847

SESSIONAL PAPER No. '19a

Tablk 15.

WATER LEVELS OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

Jlonthly mean elevations of water suiface of St. Lawrence River, at Lock No. 27, Galop Canal, head of
Galop Rapids, in feet above mean tide at New York.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

[

Oet.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

al860

244 '08

244-22

244-26

244-29

244-80

245-31

245-55

245-02

244-64

244-46

244-54

244-22

244-62

a 61

3-95

4-07

4-49

4-70

5-89

6-23

6-02

5-79

5-34

5-54

5-55

5-06

5-22

a 62

4-59

4-19

4-65

, 5-50

6-55

6-31

6-40

5-97

5-35

4-85

4-52

4-12

5-25

a 63

4-26

4-32

4-40

5-08

5-75

5-89

5-50

5-07

4-71

4-53

4-36

4-08

4-83

a 64

3-85

3-70

3-78

4-32

5-55

5-83

5-53

5-10

4-60

4-38

4-35

4-15

4-60

a 65

4-56

4-70

4-84

4-92

5-36

5-40

5-26

4-68

4-10

3-90

3-66

3-21

4-55

a 66

303

3-04

301

, 3-50

3-85

3-75

4-62

4-53

4-44

4-32

4-09

3-73

3-83

a 67

3-49

3-46

4-12

4-97

5-92

6-17

5-82

5-23

4-76

4-14

3-44

2-43

4-50

a 68

2-93

2-22

2-17

308

3-94

4-34

4-22

3-95

3-77

3-21

3-07

2-94

3-35

a 69

2-80

2-91

3-12

3-62

4-54

4-75

5-05

5-11

4-94

4-85

4-47

4-34

4-21

al870

4-73

4-87

4-87

5-76

6-62

6 -.32

6-01

5-69

5-04

4-73

4-19

3-66

5-21

0 71

3-59

3-43

3-63

4-20

4-89

4-83

4-68

4-26

3-94

3-47

3-08

2-50

3-88

o 72

2-34

213

1-9S

2-44

2-85

3-16

3-21

3-06

2-79

2-64

2-59

1-98

2-60

« 73

1-94

2-00

2-12

3-97

4-77

4-70

4-66

4-40

4-00

3-57

3-45

3-34

3-58

a 74

3-87

4-24

4-77

4-66

4-94

5-02

4-97

4-76

4-15

3-77

3-23

2-62

4-25

75

1-45

0-46

1-77

3-24

3-61

3-80

3-79

3-62

3-53

3-15

2-81

2-77

2-83

76

2-91

3-73

4-02

5-35

5-95

6-23

6-25

5-64

4-99

4-92

4-20

3-67

4-82

77

2-37

3-17

3-57

3-80

4-51

4-38

4-56

4-05

3-51

2-90

3-00

2-99

3-57

78

2-97

3-20

4-01

4-63

5-20

b 4-74

4-63

4-53

4-31

3-99

3-84

4-95

4-25

79

3-39

3-75

3-81

4-36

4-44

4-54

4-50

3-86

3-45

2-86

2-94

2-90

3-73

1880

303

6 3-48

3-60

4-04

4-14

4-33

4-33

3-91

3-60

3-27

3-29

2-74

3-65

81

1-02

1-56

2-83

3-53

3-72

3-93

404

3-73

3-39

3-02

3-06

3-10

3-08

82

3-20

3-44

4-07

4-84

4-69

5-40

5-34

4-95

4-46

4-10

3-07

3-51

4-31

83

1-87

2-01

2-76

3-78

4-56

5-37

5-77

5 -.58

5-10

4-66

4-59

4-42

4-21

84

3-29

3-76

4-46

5-71

5-92

b 5-81

b 5-61

5-52

5-15

4-67

4-33

413

4-86

85

3-73

2-52

2-73

3-09

4-96

5-35

5-45

5-30

5-11

4-87

4-86

5-07

4-47

86

5-15

5-06

5-02

5-90

6-49

6-28

5-83

5-47

5-16

4-76

4-62

4-31

5-34

87

3-97

4-22

4-69

5-39

5-91

5-95

5-67

5-17

4-72

4-40

3-90

3-64

4-80

88

3-49

2-27

2-27

405

4-20

4-23

4-22

4-08

3-91

3-26

3-17

3-30

3-54

89

3-51

2-87

3-43

4-01

4-19

4-51

4-61

4-35

3-83

3-12

3-15

3-46

3-75

1890

4-10

4-13

4-64

4-98

5-26

5-89

5-74

b 5-09

b 4-79

4-38

4-32

3-44

4-73

91

3-41

3-48

4-30

5-13

4-93

4-52

4-38

3-99

3-50

2-83

2-59

2-42

3-79

92

2-33

1-83

1-98

2-97

316

3-59

4-21

403

6 3-87

3-44

3-09

3-10

3-11

93

2-27

1-71

2-29

3-66

4-80

5-12

4-81

4-27

4-17

3-60

3-20

308

3-58

94

316

2-44

3-49

3-82

4-04

4--61

4-40

3-81

3-37

315

2-95

2-39

3-47

95

2-16

1-32

1-59

2-64

2-97

2-81

2-51

2-36

211

1-77

1-56

1-72

2-13

96

1-80

1-93

1-86

3-06

3-46

3-29

3-17

3-02

2-54

2-32

2-22

2-04

2-56

97

1-91

1-75

2-25

3-12

3-34

3-73

3-64

3-63

307

2-57

2-30

2-37

2-81

98

2-44

2-52

3-58

3-21

3-54

3-59

3-32

3-24

2-85

2-58

2-56

2-61

3-00

99

2-70

2-24

2-72

3-35

3-66

3-84

3-68

3-27

2-81

2-40

2-281

2-35

2-94

1900

2-30

2-35

2-35

3-38

3-54

3-70

3-64

3-26

3-01

3-62

2-37

2-65

2-93

01

2-48

2-13

1-88

3-02

3-58

3-70

3-50

3-21

2-97

2-46

2-00

2-18

2-76

02

e 1-24

c 1-24

c 2-44

c 3-24

c 3-34

c 3-44

c 3-74

c 3-84

c 3-54

6 3-28

c 3-04

c 2-74

2-89

c 03

2-54

2-54

3-24

4-14

4-34

4-14

4-24

4-04

3-54

3-44

3-14

3-04

3-53

04

c 2-54

c 2-54

c 3-04

c 4-54

b 5-35

c 5-54

c 5-74

c 5-38

c 5-00

6 4-65

c 4-081

c 3-34

4-31

c 05

3-08

2-78

2-44

3-68

4-04

4-28

4-70

4-44

4-44

4-28

3-88[

3-58

3-80

c 06

3-98

3-66

3-51

3-86

4-01

,4-14

4-24

3-96

3-52

3-42

3-38

3-29

3-75

c 07

3-35

3-47

3-63

4-42

4-73

4-78

4-85

4-63

4-19

4-16

4-06

3-93

4-18

Mean

243-07

242-96

243-35

244-12

244-60

244-75

244-72

244-41

244-04

243-70

243-48

243-28

243-87

Authority, U. S. Lake Survey, except for supplied values.

a, — Supplied from Oswego readings by formula, (Lock 27— 240) = 0-9457 (Oswego— 240) — 1-845 assuminga

mean fall during entii'e period.
b. — Supplied from Oswego readings by formula, (Lock 27 — 240) =0-9457 (Oswego— 240) — 1 -845.
c. — Deduced from the water records of the St. Lawrence canals furnished the Inteinatioii.il Waterways

Commission.
Note. — Elevations depend on zero of gauge, sill of Lock No. 27. 234-144 ft.

848

DEPARTMEXT iiF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 16.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

WATER LEVELS OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

Monthly mean elevations of water surface of St. Lawrence River, at Lock No. 24, Morrisburg Canal, head
of Rapide Plat, in feet above upper sill of old lock.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April.

May.

June. 1 July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1

Nov.

Dec.

Wean.

1880

8-32

S-79

9-49

9-74

9-95'

9-89

9-28'

8-84

8-34

8-61

7-85

9-01

81

5-69

6-74

7-94

8-77

9-02

9-36

9-56

917'

8-53

7-89

8-45

8-55

8-31

82

8-54

8-59

9-55

10-77

10-53

10-22

9-89

9-46

8-62

8-52

9-47

83

7-57

5-90

7-65

9-14

9-93

10 78

11-15

11-051

1106

10- 12

9-83

9-58

9-48

84

7-49

8-15

12-41

10-90

11-78

ll-6li

11-31

11-15

10-85

9-83

9-20

8-64

10-28

85

7-90

7-18

7-55

8-51

10-21

10-61

10-74

10-581

10-09

10 05

9-94

10-39

9-48

86

10-18

10-09

10-32

11-58

11-84

11-71

11-22

10-62

10-40

10 03

9-86

9-69

10-63

87

8-77

10-40

11-13

U-13

11-44

11-41

11-06

10-46i

10-07

9-68

8-99

8-48

10-25

88

7-79

6-55

7-50

9-38

9-87

9-83

9-46

9-39i

8-97

8-43

8-41

8-36

8-66

89

8-71

8-16

7-96

9-50

9-48

9-92

10-05

9-79

913

8-32

7-95

8-77

8-98

1890

9-34

9-54

1002

10-46

11-47

11-42

10-51

10-21

9-73

9-70

9-36

10 16

91

8-64

8-74

9-60

9-40

10-64

9-97'

9-88

9-26

8-68

7-82

7-36

7-30

8-94

92

7-02

5-83

6-44

7-74

7-98

8-74

9-52

9-30

9-22

8-51

813

7-98

8-03

93

5-25

7-50

8-63

8-92

10-36

10-80

10-52

9-65

9-48

8-87

S-33

8-06

8-86

94

7-98

6-61

8-71

9-13

9-35

1018

9-86

9-01

8-40

8-06

7-77

7-32

8-53

95

6-61

5-45

609

9-47

7-82

7-65

7-33

710

6.54

6-16

5-69

5-81

6-81

96

5-65

6-35

7-73

7-99

8-32

8-28

7-99

7-73

7-09

6-66

6-65

6-35

7-23

97

6-03

5-42

6-45

7-86

8-42

8-76

8-53

8-58

7-81

7-07

6-76

707

7-40

98

7-04

7-61

8-35

8-74

904

9 10.

8-74

8-38

7-83

7-44

7-40

7-59

8-10

99

700

6-65

7-53

8-54

8-86

9-16

8-85

8-15

7-55

703

7-04

7-01

-■78

1900

6-91

6-89

7-16

8-50

8-88

8-93

8-84

8-32

7-90

7-40

7-12

7-59

7-87

01

7-29

7-00

7-14

8-14

8-65

9-03

8-73

8-37

8-18

7-65

7-09

7-04

7-86

n 02

700

5-80

7-80

8-60

8-70

8-90

9-10

9-40

8-11

8-60

8-30

7-10

8-12

0 03

8-00

7-70

8-90

9-90

9-11

9-80

9-11

9-80

9-10

8-90

8-00

7-70

8-84

a 04

6-90

7-10

' 7-80

9-80

10-50

1010

1100

10-86

10-26

1000

9-20

8-20

9-31

u 05

7-16

10-40

9-20

9-10

9-10

9-46

9-90

9-90

9-70

9-40

9-00

8-90

9-27

a 06

9-08

8-78

8-57

9-00

9-25

9-41

9-52

9-18

8-65

8-44

8-28

8-22

8-86

u 07

8-08

8-45

9-39

10-30

10 07

1017

10-24

10-00

10-02

9-90

9-19

9-17

9-58

Mean

i '■''

7-54

8-44

9-26

9-55

9-85

9-79

9-47

9-02

8-56

8-25

8-09

8-78

Authority, U. S. Lake Survey, except for supplied values.

a. — Deduced from the water records of the St. Lawrence can.als furnished the International Waterways
Commission.

7\ri:i!.\.iTWX.iL ir.i77.7>'n\ii>' vummissiox

849

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Table 17.

WATER LEA'ELS OF ST. L.WVRENCE RIVER.

Monthly mrun elev;itions of water .surface of St. Lawrence River, at Lock No. 21, Cornwall Canal, licad
of Long Sault Rapids, in feet above upper sill of old lock.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April.

May.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec. Mean.

1870

10-99

10-94

10-70

12-00

12-54

12-43

12-25

1 85

11-20

11-07

10-62

10-36

11-41

71

9-89

9-71

10-32

0 74

11-06

11-08

10 91

10-54

10-24

9 87

9-34

9-03

10-23

72

8-44

7-75

8-02

8-78

9-21

9-53

9 57

9-37

9-11

8-97

9-08

8-67

8 88

73

9-50

8-98

9-20

10-10

10-81

10-97

10-90

10-58

10-34

9-2

9-74

10-02

10-09

74

10-30

10-30

11 -Of.

11-08

1-19

11-30

11-2

10-<!5

10-41

10-13

9-74

9-33 10-59

75

8-41

7-43

8-53

9-41

9-88

10 05

10- 12

9-92

9-65

9-37

9-20

9-11

9-26

76

9-48

9-83

10-16

1 -43

11-91

12-11

1215

11-71

11-18

11-02

10-57

10-64

11 01

77

10-04

10-06

10-17

10-41

10-59

!0-51

10-56

10-27

9-87

9-43

9-37

9-50

10-06

78

9-44

9-40

10-21

10-62

10-92

10-93

10-85

10-84

10-73

10-41

10-33

11-00

10-47

79

10 44

9-51

9-52

10-60

10-86

10-84

10-68

10-29

9-9

9-58

9-31

9-10

10-06

1880

9-40

9-85

9-83

10-32

10-45

10-61

10-55

10-09

9-82

9-46

9-59

9-34

9-94

81

8-18

7-18

902

9-77

10-01

10 25

10-29

9-96

9-59

9-33

9-35

9-30

9-35

82

9-eo

9-54

10-40

10-65

10-80

.1-38

11-36

11-01

10-21

9-75

9-63

10-39

83

911

8-91

9 07

9-99

10-64

11-29

11-67

11-55

11-21

10-62

10-66

10-42

10-43

84

10-59

0-79

10-63

11-73

11-82

11-66

11-60

11-37

10-98

10-54

10-23

9-94

10 99

8.5

-90

9-93

9-50

9 S7

10-82

11-24

11-22

11-03

10-84

10-66

10-76

10-991 10-56

86

10-80

9-57

10 50

11-91

12-17

12-02

11-70

11-32

11-02

10 68

10-52

10-42 11-05

87

11-06

11-79

11-81

11-52

11-80

1 1-77

11-52

11-05

10-54

10-28

9-73

9-62i 11-04

88

9-52

8-81

9-63

10-09

10-18

10-23

10-24

10-20

9-88

9-55

9-48

9-53

9-78

89

9-68

8-94

9-30

10-23

10-24

10-61

10-75

10-48

10-00

9-51

9-31

9-80

9-90

890

10-24

10-23

10-72

1107

U-42

11-83

11-76

11-21

10-94

10-53

10-62

10-39

10-91

91

10-08

9 80

10-55

11-33

11-15

10-66

10-50

10-15

9-76

9-06

8-75

8-79

10-05

92

8-66

7-67

8-37

9-29

9 30

986

10 40

10-18

10 14

9-73

9-46

15-52

9-88

9

14-80

15 20

15-29

16-32

10-90

11-12

10-94

10-39

10-33

9-78

9-51

9-21

11-98

94

9-32

8-18

9-73

9-99

10-15

10-66

10-44

9-94

9-55

9-26

9-04

8-62

9-57

95

8-46

6-93

7-38

8-86

8-97

8-92

8-64

8-62

8-23

7-95

7-64

7-57

818

96

8-26

8- 8

8-54

9-28

9-42

9-3S

9-19

9-02

8-54

8-19

8-22

7-99: 8-73

97

7-85

7-46

8-49

9-07

9-48

9-69

<;-59

9-56

9-01

8-45

8-33

8-48 8-79

98

8-48

9-59

9-51

9-.6B

9-82

9-84

9-64

9-37

9-03

8-65

8-67

8-771 9-25

99

8-70

8-56

9-63

9-48

9-73

9-93

9-72

9-25

8-85

8-45

8-38

8-54, 9-10

1 00

8-E9

8-59

6-55

9-6S

9-87

9-91

9-86

9-56

9-30

8-85

8-71

9-00 9-0!

01

8-86

9-21

9-03

9-57

9-88

10 02

9-75

9-50

9-27

S-93

8-44

8-61 9-26

tt 02

8-80

13-40

9-OC

9-40

9-70

9 90

10- 10

10-20

9-10

9-60

9-00

9-00 9-77

a 03

8-11

S-SO

9-6C

10-40

10-60

10-10

10-60

10-50

10-20

9-70

9-10

8-IO1 9-65

0 0!

8-12

10-10

9-2(

10-40

9-70

11-20

11-30

11-40

10-90

10-20

9-10

9-lOi 10-06

a 05

8-10

7-40

7-80

9 -.80

9-80

10-00

10-22

10-21

10-12

9-88

9-58

9-2Si 9-35

a 06

9-59

9-58

9-25

9-50

9-59

9-66

9-75

9-52

9-12

8-82

8-86

9-12

9 -.36

a 07

9-14

8-94

9-22

10-12

10 27

10-30

10-39

10-26

9-87

9-S9

9-78

9-83

9-83

Mean

9-44

9-41

9-62

10-38

10-46

10-63

10-60

10-35

9-97

9-65

9-42

9-52

9-95

Authority, U. S. Lake Survey, except for supplied values.

a. — Deduced from the water records of the St. Lawrence canals furnished the International Waterways
Commission.

850

DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913
Table 19.

DISCHARGE FROM LAKE SUPERIOR.
Monthly mean outflow from Lake Superior, through St. Marj's River, in 100 cubic feet per second.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

!

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean.

1860

942

880

875

932

1018

1062

1062

1075

1057

1066

1025

932

994

61

875

813'

780

870

1018

1087

1133

1126

1192

1098

1018

919

988

62

826

778^

785

■794

983

986

988

1029

1043

1027

949

875

922

63

820

7S5

746

750

813

799

840

986

976

937

S5i

• 817

844

64

739

686

702

702

771

810

840

845

866

806

760

714

770

65

661

654

624

721

866

965

1048

1068

1057

1009

884

801

863

66

723

670,

670

769

859

907

983

1038

962

967

889

903

862

67

829

799

755

801

834

976

1062

1036

1041

1036

935

850

913

68

801

G61

744

783

907

891

951

935

951

944

979

868

868

69

806

746^

642

771

896

903

997

1105

1287

1168

1087

926

944

1870

856

804'

806

824

932

893

946

949

974

937

893

668

874

71

744

707

644

677

808

903

844

926

937

891

840

750

814

72

693

674

619

610

815

851

946

1020

1036

1002

967

863

842

73

771

732

737

741

870

900

1002

1059

1075

1048

997

942

906

74

815

778

753

725

S22

921

1006

1020

1016

1015

S95

972

906

75

866

SOS

799

856

928

997

1016

1020

1085

1055

990

861

940

76

854

843;

783

792

958

1092

1200

1211

1218

1142

1078

965

1011

77

898

905

877

850

850

900

976

1004

949

958

903

866

911

78

815

755

732

72S

792

852

877

868

801

826

808

757

801

79

665

573

518

548

633

665

734

741

723

730

688

596

651

1880

550

543

522

525

695

870

926

898

935

SS2

889

824

755

81

753

730

734

709

806

859

905

886

930

1036

1013

937

858

82

. 820

769!

741

730

824

845

926

949

935

914

900

838

849

83

739

71S

718

734

732

817

859

956

880

845

820

760

798

84

737

693

672

633

718

741

792

801

817

838

861

801

759

85

762

737 1

704

665

795

877

919

969

914

873

856

787

822

86

707

670 1

670

665

776

813

852

884

852

859

843

744

778

87

693

661

654

622

704

808

893

866

834

875

822

728

763

88

691

612

624

622

760

956

992

990

972

969

923

778

824

89

722

664

670

668

780

816

870

872

870

840

780

704

77;

1890

714

604

602

588

682

798

870

852

830

816

788

728

739

91

590

612!

582

618

704

694

716

718

704

716

694

632

665

92

620

548

512

544

646

718

746

748

760

738

682

626

657

93

519

482

484

531

638

738

775

790

766

755

745

644

656

94

602

5871

566

638

822

868

894

896

871

879

860

801

774

95

747

721

683

679

755

828

873

875

907

930

832

830

805

96

727

687

649

701

816

893

918

921

897

816

822

810

805

97

767

709

712

737

803

871

912

942

910

871

850

758

820

98

670

627,

599

623

678

755

819

841

866

836

804

789

742

99

699

668 1

648

657

819

902

940

968

1004

942

926

917

841

1900

793

770!

723

730

764

777

818

857

948

954

974

900

834

01

818

764

725

745

798

814

888

920

895

798

788

72S

807

02

670

625

613

638

667

725

760

762

770

746

757

731

705

03

660

624

610

649

709

774

795

810

813

838

818

750

737

04

666

630

593

649

700

739

760

771

787

813

796

732

720

OS

788

712

670

747

SOI

834

899

923

958

965

923

884

842

06

821

760

720

733

792

843

880

873

873

855

823

779

813

07

718

683

666

712

734

810

849

880

917

919

891

803

798

Mean

745

701j

680

703

798

857

908

927

928

913

875

804

820

lyTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

851

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa
Table 20.

DISCHARGE FROM LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON. •
Monthly mean outflow from Lake Michigan-Huron, through Detroit River, in 100 cubic feet per second.

Year

•Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

1860

2125

1447

1942

2051

2214

2326

2002

1995

1894

2376

1935

2250

2046

61

o2306

1723

• 2166

2290

2164

2274

2324

2409

2358

2299

2262

2264

2237

62

2053

1521

2024

2446

2358

2393

2370

2428

2411

2398

2362

2212

2248

63

2153

2040

1878

2122

2307

2204

2340

2336

2363

2202

2263

2187

2200

64

a227S

2043

2048

02201

2309

2453

2376

2341

' 2310

2121

2162

2133

2231

65

1594

1446

1693

2092

2204

2241

2333

2340

2312

2276

2179

2087

2067

66

o2026

1928

18.50

01964

2098

2183

2268

2256

2243

2228

2295

2272

2134

67

1881

1996

1641

02118

2299

2427

2381

2420

2337

2231

2154

2093

2165

68

o2042

1733

2179

2095

2209

2266

2211

2180

2146

2061

2016

1998

2095

69

1844

1692

1607

1976

1848

2030

2184

2211

2192

2091

2721

2133

1994

1870

o2021

1757

1853

2154

2212

2354

2456

2431

2373

2258

2248

2210

2193

71

2059

1679

02257

2370

2429

2463

2466

2415

2319

2186

2174

2334

2263

72

1995

2032

1936

01996

2100

2217

2059

2132

2126

2146

2024

2005

2064

73

1796

1924

2069

01991

1997

2133

2195

2201

2202

2141

21.34

2067

2071

74

1470

1053

1947

2053

1998

2106

2168

2164

2200

2185

2183

2027

1963

75

2008

2045

2093

2027

2187

2157

2218

2175

2140

2177

2158

1980

2114

76

2060

2100

02188

2240

1955

2511

2627

2618

2389

2352

2300

02283

2307

77

a2371

1947

1342

1753

1799

2251

2290

2277

2164

2232

1943

2149

2043

78

2054

1518

1566

2217

2231

2271

2316

2330

2178

2168

2088

1855

2066

79

1771

1482

1849

2062

1950

2078

2104

2052

2058

1961

1978

1956

1942

1- '^

1880

1931

1709

1903

1974

1983

2176

2095

2216

2153

2089

2058

2054

2028

81

1756

1968

1891

2025

2083

2182

2178

2209

2247

2137

2288

2232

2100

82

2225

2045

2194

2182

2368

2206

2580

2615

2321

2271

2251

02139

2283

83

02238

2228

1856

2156

2230

2434

2754

2716

2538

2402

2307

2211

2339

84

1514

1703

2426

2428

2444

2531

2611

2489

2410

2367

2336

2384

2304

85

02398

2352

02364

02287

2386

2445

2376

2432

2396

2217

2276

2204

2344

86

1677

1490

2008

2118

2428

2432

2418

2406

2403

2304

2298

2403

-2204

87

2289

2253

1985

2133

2202

2261

2319

2316

2233

2217

2109

2016

2194

88

2090

2086

1922

2104

2036

2120

2208

2177

2186

2131

2079

1992

2094

89

2099

1701

1716

1792

1934

2100

2086

2097

2113

2020

1988

1817

1955

J890

1940

1797

1745

1823

1839

1964

2046

2066

1994

1919

1950

1875

1913

91

1718

1809

1534

1830

1865

1885

1931

1952

1943

1878

1912

1873

1844

92

1683

1425

1508

1767

1787

1864

1908

1926

1981

1905

1843

1753

1779

93

1464

1514

1851

1883

1817

1950

2047

2052

2034

1988

1990

1958

1879

94

1876

1689

1877

1867

1981

2045

2048

2051

2026

1971

1952

1882

1940

95

01878

01842

1988

1732

1814

1861

1898

1895

1868

1794

1722

1748

1837

96

1736

1410

1540

1681

1688

1791

1888

1898

1837

1842

1840

1683

1736

97

1925

01784

1907

1849

1950

1871

1931

1932

1926

1898

1916

1807

1891

98

1756

1482

1888

1848

1818

1893

1986

1931

• 1964

1896

1969

1996

1869

99

1947

01856

1366

1655

1872

1935

2022

2031

2015

1923

1883

1822

1856

1900

1736

1778

1874

1710

1796

1868

1932

1957

1978

1953

1974

1911

1878

01

1719

1410

1548

1161

1706

1986

2052

2084

2025

1983

1963

1935

1798

02

1522

1464

1827

1816

1818

1936

2054

2003

1944

1905

1846

1919

1838

03

1988

1851

1837

1879

1803

1911

1958

1978

1997

1999

1910

2138

1937

04

1612

i(;s2

nl825

2035

1902

2031

2083

2103

2079

2035

1992

2019

1950

05

1580

1534

1676

1947

1922

2066

2118

2124

2094

2052

2004

1942

1922

06

1991

1548

1600

1905

1993

2034

2089

2082

2039

2021

1994

1895

1933

07

1779

1711

1749

1931

1962

1990

2075

2028

2047

2017

1961

1952

1934

Mean

1916

1756

1865

1996

2047

2148

2195

1 2197

2157

2110

2075

2043

2042

a. — St. Clair River discharge used.

852

DEPJLRTilEXT OF PUBLIC WOREf

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913
Table 21.

DISCHARGE FROM LAKE ERIE.
Monthly mean outflow from Lake Erie, through Niagara River, in 100 cubic feet per second.

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

AprU.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sepr.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mean

1860

2321

2178

2265

2423

2475

2486

2436

2375

2304

2244

2248

2256

2334

61

2161

2045

2136

2375

2485

2521

2474

2436

2431

2387

2410

2410

2357

62

2365

2237

2258

2471

2531

2551

2562

2439

2375

2294

2237

2291

2384

63

2372

2390

2361

2375

2418

1400

2387

2346

2264

2172

2101

2137

2311

64

2041

2052

2061

2157

2332

2337

2288

2203

2165

2105

2091

2153

2163

65

2022

1846

1904

2050

2183

2195

2203

2165

2171

2112

2050

2061

2080

66

1971

1887

1962

2077

2125

2206

2248

2169

1269

1281

2150

2197

2112

67

2098

1975

2055

2112

2234

2330

2298

2203

2123

2058

1970

1964

2118

68

1891

1765

1878

2048

2149

2261

2270

2125

2077

1987

1976

1973

2033

69

1941

1878

1973

2025

2149

2261

2348

2304

2251

2157

2075

2203

2130

1870

2229

2231

2164

2306

2356

2368

2395

2361

2314

2234

2188

2206

2279

71

2123

1997

2088

2185

2248

2273

2285

2215

2188

2045

2029

1973

2137

72

1925

1828

1798

1825

1917

2016

2029

2005

1966

1941

1893

1885

1919

73

1835

179i

1796

2061

2217

2255

2267

2231

2150

20 J4

r072

2206

2081

74

2269

2227

2221

2246

2267

2301

2327

^267

2170

2079

2009

2005

2199

75

1923

1840

1860

1929

2033

2149

2197

2176

2157

2056

2047

2143

2043

76

2102

2183

2332

2446

2528

2578

2567

2465

2435

2317

2365

2327

2387

77

2196

2105

2041

2124

2181

2217

2294

2239

2234

2152

2159

2225

2181

78

2213

2195

2213

2298

2356

2375

2393

2317

2298

2227

2206

2271

2280

79

1237

2055

2051

2118

2149

2187

2213

2140

2077

2038

1956

2059

2098

188C

2146

2103

2124

2145

2207

2251

2291

2213

2172

2081

2088

2055

2150

81

1931

1908

1968

2112

2205

2281

2286

2188

2119

2121

2105

2200

2119

82

2283

2229

2330

2367

2416

2474

2474

2416

2362

2265

2213

2135

2330

83

2084

2081

2115

2126

2234

2427

2500

2462

2397

2332

2265

2320

2279

84

2206

2215

2248

2370

2436

2475

2436

2375

2281

2215

2126

2155

2295

85

2081

1984

1941

2112

2286

24.34

2441

2423

2400

2390

2.387

4223

2275

86

2395

2159

2103

229S

2372

2416

2428

2357

2307

2267

2222

2246

2298

87

2161

2212

2383

2372

2427

2465

2423

2322

2244

2258

2125

2170

2297

88

2094

1954

1971

2121

2157

2197

2251

2225

2142

2098

2064

2133

2117

89

2091

2041

1952

2038

2075

2186

2196

2174

2084

1970

1970

2041

2068

1890

2178

2133

2191

2251

2342

2426

2354

2237

2152

2150

2196

2133

2229

• 91

2072

2046

2077

2106

2054

2050

2091

2052

1986

1903

1891

1897

2016

92

1878

1733

1775

1954

2054

2246

2299

2208

2143

2066

1978

1973

2026

93

1806

1976

1861

2006

2174

2258

2224

2086

2028

2006

2001

1993

2020

94

1993

1908

1931

1974

2088

2182

2150

2040

2002

2002

1962

1923

2013

95

1896

1749

1733

1777

1850

1872

1867

1838

1842

1792

1691

1744

1804

96

1775

1760

1687

1796

1891

1893

1932

1983

1891

1836

1842

1797

1840

97

1875

1781

1888

2004

2101

2097

2093

2006

1984

1886

1895

1921

1966

98

1893

1870

1951

2008

2119

2128

2077

2008

1981

1943

1965

1978

2005

99

1974

1875

1929

1973

2036

2079

2066

1983

1041

1850

1866

1954

1961

1900

1891

1878

1923

1999

2038

2056

2061

3024

1978

1893

1927

1912

1966

01

1876

1755

1712

1760

1786

1896

1936

1897

1908

1861

1831

1827

1837

02

1836

1706

1739

1855

1906

1975

2130

2110

2031

2053

1995

2009

1945

03

1961

1897

1992

2154

2159

2184

2194

2110

2088

2045

1966

1968

2060

04

1762

1813

1931

2170

2252

2317

2296

2225

2157

2103

2033

1993

2088

05

1906

1797

1816

1917

2049

2188

2254

2209

2161

2112

2092

2066

2043

06

2038

1936

1889

1977

2025

2075

2091

2078

2025

2020

2036

2006

2021

07

2185

2070

2014

2105

2157

2239

2276

2200

2148

2145

1226

2108

2148

Mean

2050

1981

2012

2116

2192

2251

2263

2203

2152

2095

2063

2085

2122

Discharge values include a flow of 1000 c. f. s. through Erie Canal, and one of 1100 c. f. s. through Welland
Canal .

I'STERSATKiXM. U .1/7,7,M1 I l.s CO 1/ I//S.S70.V

853

SESSIONAL PAPER No. \Qa
Table 22.

DISCHARGE FROM LAKE ONTARIO.
Monthly mean out fldw friim Lake Ontario, through St. Lawrence River, in 100 cubic feet per second.

Year

J;in.

Feb.

Mar.

April.

May.

■June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dee.

Mean

1860

2629

2661

2689

2699

2883

3062

3146

2960

2827

2767

2794

2676

2816

61

2587

2615

2754

2S20

3207

3390

3313

3215

3072

3141

3147

2949

.3023

62

2789

2656

280S

3103

3512

3404

3454

3280

3075

2900

2788

2642

3034

63

2689

2698

2725

2956

3218

3267

3128

2977

2850

2790

2732

2619

2887

64

2544

2496

2532

2698

3146

3240

3140

2989

2814

2740

2730

2652

2811

65

2778

2826

2873

2900

3079

3093

3040

2842

• 2659

2584

2501

23.50

2794

66

2286

2288

■ 2297

2432

2565

2.543

2822

2791

2772

2720

2655

2505

2556

67

2438

2428

2642

2929

3278

3370

3243

3030

2866

2659

2445

2111

2787

6S

1699

2049

2126

2309

2605

2725

2699

2609

2552

2370

2326

2266

2361

69

2223

2257

2322

2480

2794

3076

3091

3029

2862

2845

2717

2852

2712

1870

2748

='2040

='2760

3232

3505

.3441

3432

3298

2795

2681

2898

2493

2944

71

2471

2419

2483

2658

2722

3131

2921

2857

2749

2722

2361

2132

2636

72

='2062

='1873

=11945

2114

2448

2453

2675

2665

2768

2366

2177

1978

2294

73

1967

1992

2019

2592

3016

3121

3183

2746

2613

2486

2447

2381

2*47

74

2551

=12632

2849

2812

2933

2960

2945

3039

2662

2551

2377

2168

2707

75

211843

1=1579

='1935

2435

2428

2440

2484

2478

2320

2329

2402

2253

2244

76

222S

212478

='2583

2931

3041

3023

3112

3164

3042

2672

2926

2748

2829

77

2"2100

2337

'2452

2706

2546

2560

2424

2594

2580

2586

24.33

2245

2464

78

"2273

='2342

2493

2570

2370

2875

2930

2920

2816

2792

2786

2711

2656

79

"2398

='2378

='2381

2550

2950

2882

2727

2884

2759

2724

2297

2346

2606

1880

2165

2424

2355

2513

2.599

2696

2710

2597

2449

2276

2212

2152

2429

81

=■1726

='1723

='2230

2598

2641

2710

2699

2605

2278

2343

2313

2281

2346

82

=■2342

='2387

2553

2579

2975

2901

2970

2937

2946

2670

2566

2385

2684

83

='1959

='1872

242213

2411

2827

2892

3180

3141

3001

2886

2664

2662

2642

84

='2184

2J3224

='2724

3029

3248

3224

31.53

2944

2963

2876

2657

2454

2815

85

=<2270

='2121

='2197

2600

2771

2S55

2920

2884

2792

2784

2877

2879

2662

86

=42787

=»2397

='2693

3159

3208

3172

3140

292S

2780

2829

2399

2614

2842

87

='2460

='2650

='2796

3075

3212

3074

3128

2942

2624

2458

2519

2449

2782

88

2225

='1996

='2072

2555

2500

2.523

2599

2615

2311

2475

2478

2366

2393

89

2408

='2207

='2283

2594

2601

2678

2819

2754

2571

2666

2228

2264

2506

1890

=<2589

2614

='2748

2890

3128

3020

31.55

2643

2866

281 G

2956

2.591

2835

91

='2404

='2425

='2649

3122

3033

2693

2530

2374

2382

2440

2299

2023

2531

92

=■•2089

='1851

='1974

2392

2310

2549

2400

2436

2655

2387

2323

2304

2306

93

='1752

='1915

='2077

2353

3040

2994

2980

2826

2608

2519

2400

2339

2484

94

2297

='1990

='2428

2673

2687

2793

2746

2600

2410

2319

21.36

2206

2440

95

1989

='1659

=11774

2034

2197

5202

2134

2006

1866

1794

1710

1625

I9it;

96

=*1825

1923

='1956

2230

2252

2306

2120

2088

1985

1924

1754

1648

2002

97

1890

='1873

='1976

2022

2321

2198

2280

2290

1221

1972

2108

2120

209S

98

='2074

='2143

2191

2580

2878

2898

2801

2501

2372

2327

2390

2069

2435

99

2078

='2063

2190

2289

2644

2634

2603

2434

2266

2180

21.35

2034

2296

1900

2022

='2063

='1566

2365

2781

2575

2520

2530

2141

2135

2151

2266

2256

ni

='2131

1989

1893

2364

2442

2538

2496

2414

2305

2238

2152

2133

2250

02

='1780

='1522

='2120

2227

2411

2434

2590

2573

2451

2337

2196

2265

2242

03

=<1970

2049

2236

2746

2711

2681

2769

2673

■ 2672

2289

2272

2176

2437

04

='1973

1969

2048

236

26759

2888

2767

2904

2726

2640

2508

2169

2470

05

='1968

='1779

211886

2211

2449

2666

2668

2778

2671

2475

2536

2220

2359

06

='2403

2244

2191

2518

2589

2527

2606

2551

2464

2283

2249

2339

2414

07

='2266

212207

='2291

2664

2741

2720

2742

2672

2590

2509

2467

2284

2513

Mean

2236

2193

2333

2606

2795

2835

2836

2750

2621

2526

2450

2341

2544

Note. — 21, 24, and 27 indicate that St. Lawrence River discharges were derived from gauge observation.^
taken at Locks 21, 24, and 27, respectively.

19a— 58

854

DEPARTMB\T OF PUBLIC WORKf?

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Table 24.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

Water Levels

or —

Storage

Outflow

thi-ough

St. Marys

Total Supply

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

ii

to

Date

Lake Superior.

River.

Lake Su

Marquette, Mich, a

Sault Ste.

Marie.Mich.

Mean of

Month

perior.

First of
Month

Mean of
Month

Ft. Depth

100 c.f.s.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1860

Jan.

602-69

602-22

942

0-277

Feb.

602-565

2

44

1-95

—0-135

— 459

880

0.259

421

0

124

Mar.

2

43

2

42

1.93

+0-125

+ 425

875

0-257

1300

0

382

Apr.

2

555

2

69

2-18

+0-250

+ 850

932

0-274

1782

0

524

May

2

805

2

92

2-55

+0-200

+ 680

1018

0-299

1698

0

499

June

3

005

3

09

2-74

+0-065

+ 221

1062

0-312

1283

0

377

July

3

07

3

05

2-74

+0-005

+ 17

1062

0-312

1079

0

317

Aug.

3

075

3

10

2-80

+0-015

+ 51

1075

0-316

1126

0

331

Sept.

3

09

3

OS

2-72

+0-010

+ 34

1057

0-311

1091

0

321

Oct.

3

10

3

12

2-76

-0-065

- 221

1066

0-313

845

0

248

Nov.

3

035

2

95

2-58

-0-260

- 884

1025

0-301

141

0

041

Dec.

9

775

2

60

2-18

-0-275

- 935

932

0-274

- 3

— 0

001

1861

Jan.

2

50

2

40

1-93

-0-225

- 765

875

0-257

110

0

032

Feb.

2

275

2

15

1-66

-0-195

— 683

813

0-239

150

0

044

Mar.

2

08

2

01

1-52

+0-135

+ 459

780

0-229

1239

0

364

Apr.

2

215

O

42

1-91

+0-520

+1768

870

0-256

2638

0

776

May.

2

735

3

05

2-68

+0-390

+ 1326

1048

0-308

2374

0

698

June

3

125

3

20

2-85

+0-155

+ 527

1087

0-320

1614

0

475

July

3

28

3

36

3-05

+0060

+ 204

1133

0-333

1337

0

393

Aug.

3

34

3

32

3-02

-0-065

_ OOJ

1126

0-331

905

0

266

Sept.

3

275

3

23

2-87

-0-030

- 102

1092

0-321

990

0

291

Oct.

3

245

3

26

2-90

-0.155

- 527

1098

0-323

571

—0

168

Nov.

3

09

2

92

2,55

—0.360

—1224

1018

0.277

206

—0

061

Dec.

2

73

2

54

2-12

-0-365

-1241

919

0-270

- 322

-0

095

1862

Jan.

2

365

2

19

1-72

-0-270

- 918

826

0-243

— 92

—0

027

Feb.

2

095

2

00

1-51

-0080

— 272

778

0-229

506

0

149

Mar.

2

015

2

03

1-54

+0-045

+ 153

785

0-231

938

0

276

Apr.

■>

06

2

09

1-58

+0-370

+1258

794

0-2.33

2052

0

603

May

2

43

2

77

2-40

+0-335

+ 1139

983

0-289

2122

0

624

June

2

765

2

76

2-41

-0-020

- 68

986

0-290

918

0

270

July

2

745

2

73

2-42

+0-070

+ 238

988

0-290

1226

0

360

Aug.

2

815

2

90

2-60

+0-145

+ 493

1029

0-303

1522

0

448

Sept.

2

96

3

02

2-66

+0 025

+ 85

1043

0-307

1128

0

332

Oct.

2

985

2

95

2-59

-0-200

- 680

1027

0-302

347

0

102

Nov.

2

785

2

62

2-25

-0-300

-1020

949

0-279

— 71

—0

021

Dec.

2

485

2

35

1-93

—0-230

— 782

875

0.257

93

0

027

1863

Jan.

2

255

2

16

1-69

—0-160

- 544

820

0-241

276

0

081

Feb.

2

095

2

03

•1-54

-0-150

- 510

785

0-231

275

0

081

Mar.

1

945

i

86

1-37

-0-065

- 221

746

0-219

525

0

154

Apr.

1

88

1

90

1-39

+0.085

+ 289

750

0-221

1039

0

306

May

1

965

0

03

1-66

+0-025

+ 85

srs

0-239

898

0

264

June

1

99

i

95

1-60

+0-030

+ 102

799

0-235

901

0

265

July

2

02

.2

09

1-78

+0-380

+ 1292

840

0-247

2132

0

627

Aug.

2

40

2

71

2-41

+0-320

+1088

986

0-290

2074

0

610

Sept.

2

72

2

73

2-37

-0-075

- 255

976

0-287

721

0

212

Oct.

2

645

2

56

2-20

-0-260

- 884

937

0-276

53

0

016

Nov.

2

385

2

21

1-84

-0-230

- 782

854

0-251

72

0

021

Dec.

2-155

2-10

1-68

-0-200

- 680

817

0-240

137

0-040

a. — Water Levels taken at Superior, \\'is., from 1800 to 1871. inc-lusivc

IXTEBNATIOXAL WATICRWAYS COMMlfiSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 'IQa
Table 24 — Continued.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

855

Water Levels of —

Storage

Outflow

Total

Supply

St. Marys

through

Date

Lake Superior.

River.

St. Maiys

to

Marquett

e, Mich, a

Sault Ste.
Marie.Mich .

Lake Superior.

Riv

er.

Lake Superior.

Ft. Deptp

First of

Mean of

Mean of

Month

Month

Month

Ft. Depth

100 c.f.s.

100 c.f.s.

Lake
Superior.

100c .f.s.

Ft. Depth

1864

Jan.

601

955

601-81

001-34

-0-250

- 850

739

0-217

- Ill

-O-fi-3.'?

Feb.

1

705

1-60

Ml

-0070

- 238

680

0

202

448

0

132

Mar.

1

635

1-67

MS

+0-045

+ 153

702

0

206

855

0

251

Apr.

1

68

1-69

MS

+00S0

+ 306

702

0

206

1008

0

290

May

1

77

1-85

1-4S

+0-1.55

+ 527

771

0

227

1298

0

382

June

1

925

200

1-65

+0 120

+ 408

810

0

238

1218

0

3.58

July

2

045

2-09

1-7S

+0 050

+ 170

840

0

247

1010

0

297

Aug.

2

095

2-10

1-80

+0-080

+ 272

845

0

248

1117

0

328

Sept.

2

175

2-25

1-89

—0-055

- 187

866

0

255

679

0

200

Oct.

•1

12

1-99

1-63

-0-225

— 765

806

0

237

41

0

012

Nov.

I

8S5

ISO

1-43

-0-170

- 578

760

0

223

182

0

053

Dec.
1865
Jan.

1

725

1-65

1-23

-0165

- 561

714

0

210

153

0

045

1

56

1-47

1-00

■ -0-095

- 323

661

0

194

338

0

099

Feb.

1

405

1-40

0-97

-0070

- 238

654

0

192

416

0

122

Mar.

1

395

1-33

0S4

+ 0-155

+ 527

624

0

183

1151

0

338

Apr.

1

55

1-77

1-20

+0-465

+ 1.582

721

0

212

2303

0

677

May

2

015

2-20

1-89

+0-450

+ 1.530

866

0

255

2390

0

705

June

2

465

2-67

2-32

+0-.365

+ 1241

965

0

284

2206

0

649

July

2

83

2:99

2-68

+0-200

+ 680

1048

0

308

172S

0

508

Aug.

.3

03

307

2-77

+0-045

+ 153

1068

0

314

1221

0

359

Sept.

3

075

3-08

2-72

-0 100

- 340

1057

0

311

717

0

211

Oct.

2

975

2-87

2-51

-0-370

-1258

1009

0

297

- 249

-0

073

Nov.

2

605

2 -.34

1-97

-0-420

-1428

884

0

260

- 544

-0

160

Dec.
1866
Jan.

2

185

203

1-61

—0-300

-1020

801

0

236

- 219

-0

064

1

885

1-74

1-27

-0-250

- 850

723

0

213

- 127

-0

037

Feb.

1

635

■ 1-.53

1-04

—0-105

- 357

670

0

197

313

0

092

Mar.

1

53

1-53

1-04

+0-225

+ 765

670

0

197

1435

0

422

Apr.

1

755

1-98

1-47

+0-350

+ 1190

769

0

226

1959

0

576

May

2

105

2-23

1-86

+0-220

+ 748

859

0

253

1007

0

473

June

2

325

2-42

2-07

+0-"240

+ 816

907

0

267

1723

0

507

July

o

565

271

2-40

+0-260

+ 884

983

0

289

1807

0

549

Aug.

2

825

2-94

2-64

-0-020

- 68

1038

0

305

970

0

285

Sept.

o

805

2-67

2-31

-0-125

- 425

962

0

283

537

0

15S

Oct.

2

08

2-59

2-33

-0155

- 527

967

0

284

440

0

129

Nov.

2

525

2-36

1-99

-0-110

- 374

889

0

261

.515

0

151

Dec.

2

415

2-47

2-05

-0 080

- 272

903

0

266

631

0

186

1867

Jan.

2

335

2-20

1-73

-0-190

- 646

829

0

244

183

0

054

Feb.

o

145

2-09

1-60

-0-150

- 510

799

0

235

289

0

085

Mar.

i

995

1-90

1-41

+0 015

+ 51

755

0

222

806

0

237

Apr.

9

01

2.19

1-61

+0 050

+ 170

801

0

236

971

0

286

May

2

06

2-12

1-75

+0-350

+ 1190

834

0

245

2024

0

595

June

2

41

2-72

2-37

+0-475

+ 1616

976

0

287

2592

0

762

July

2

885

3 05

2-74

+0 105

+ 357

1062

0

312

1419

0

417

Aug.

2

99

2-93

2-63

-0020

- 68

1036

0

305

968

0

285

.Sept.

2

97

301

2-65

+0-030

+ 102

1041

0

300

1143

0

336

Oct.

.3

00

2-99

2-63

-0-225

- 765

1030

0

305

271

0

080

Nov.

2

775

2-56

2-19

-0-375

-1275

935

0

275

- 340

-0

100

Dec.

2-40

2-24

1-82

-0-240

- 816

950

0-850

34

0-010

(1. — Water Levels taken at Superior, Wis., from 1860 to 1871, inclusive.

19a— .58i

856

DEPARTMEXT OF I'llil.lC WOliKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Table 24 — fontinuod.

.SUI'I'LV FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

Date

Water Levels of —

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

Marquette, Mic-b. a g^^j^ g^^.

J Marie, Mich

First of ' Mean of Mean of

Month Month Month

Lake Superior.

Ft. Dcptli 100 c.f.s.

Outflow
througli
St. Mary.s
River.

Total Supply

to
Lake Superior.

1 Ft. Depth
100 c.f.s. Lake 100 c.f.s. Ft. Depth
! Superior.

186S.

Jan.

602-16

602-08

601-61

-0-375

-1275

SOI

0-2.36

- 474

-01.39

Feb.

1-7S5

1-49

1-00

-0-115

- .391

661

0194

270

0

079

Mar.

1-B7

1-85

1.36

+ 0-265

+ 901

744

0-219

1645

0

484

Apr.

1-945

2-04

1-53

+0-295

+ 1003

783

0-230

1786

0

525

May

2-24

2-44

2-07

+0-155

+ 527

907

0-267

1434

0

422

June

2-395

2-35

2-00

+0-065

+ 221

891

0-262

1112

0

.327

July

2-46

2-57

2-26

+0-070

+ 238

951

0-280

II.S9

0

3.50

Aug.

2-5.3

2-49

2-19

+0-025

+ 85

935

0-275

1020

0

300

Sept.

2-555

2-62

2-26

+0-050

+ 170

951

0-280

1121

0

330

Get.

2-605

2-59

0 . o;.;

+0-065

+ 221

944

0-278

1165

0

343

Nov .

2-07

2-75

2-38

-0-135

- 459

979

0-288

520

0

1,53

Dee.

2 -.535

2-32

1-90

-0-325

-1105

868

0-255

- 237

-0

070

1869.

Jan.

2-21

2-10

1-63

-0-2.30

- 782

806

0-237

24

0

007

I'Vb.

1-98

1-86

1-37

-0-345

-1173

746

0-219

- 427

-0

126

Mar.

1-635

1-41

0-92

+0-065

+ 221

642

0-189

863

0

254

Apr.

1-70

1-99

1-48

+0-490

+ 1666

771

0-227

2436

0

716

May

2-19

2-39

2-02

+0-205

+ 697

896

0-203

1593

0

468

June

2-395

2-40

2-05

+0-190

+ 646

903

0-266

1.549

0

456

July

2-585

2-77

2-46

+0-415

+ 1411

997

0-293

2408

0

70S

.■\us.

3-00

3-23

2-93

+0-655

+2228

1105

0.325

3333

0

980

8ept .

3-6,55

4-08

3-72

+0-165

+ 561

1287

0-378

1848

0

543

Oct.

3-82

3-56

3-20

-0-430

-1462

1168

0-.343

- 294

-0

086

Nov.

3-39

3-22

2-85

-0-495
-0-450-

-1684

1087

0-320

- 597

-0

176

Dec.

2-895

2-57

2-15

■ -1530

926

0-272

- 604

-0

178

1870.

Jan.

2-445

O . ;:jo

1-85

-0-230

- 782

8.56

0-252

74

0

022

]->b.

2-215

2-n

1-62

-0-100

- 340

804

0-2.36

404

0

136

Mar.

2-115

2-12

1 ■ (ili

+0-055

+ 187

806

0-237

993

0

292

Apr.

217

2-22

1-71

)-0-215

+ 731

S24

0-242

1 555

0

457

May

2 -.385

2 -.55

2-18

+0-070

+ 238

932

0-274

1170

0

314

June

2-455

2-36

2-01

0-000

0

893

0-263

893

0

263

July

2-455

2 -.55

2-24

+0-095

+ 323

946

0-278

1269

n

373

AU(£.

2 -.55

2-55

2-25

-rO-085

+ 289

949

0-279

1238

0

364

Sept.

2-635

2-72

2-36

+0-005

+ 17

974

0-286

991

0

291

Oct.

2-64

2-56

2-20

-0-170

- 578

937

0-276

3,59

0

106

Nov.

2-47

2-38

2-01

-0.555

-1888

893

0-263

- 995

-0

293

Dec
1871.
Jan.

1-915

1-45

1-03

-0-510

-17.34

668

0-196

-1066

-0

313

1-405

1-36

1.30

-0-345

-1173

744

0-219

- 429

-0

126

Feb.

1-06

0-76

1-20

+0-410

+ 1394

707

0-208

2101

0

618

Mar.

1-47

MS

0-93

-0-040

- 136

644

0-l,S9

508

0

149

Apr.

1-43

1-68

1-07

+0-515

+ 1752

677

0-199

2429

0

714

May

1-945

2-21

1-64

+0-325

+ 1105

808

0-238

1913

0

562

June

2-27

2-33

2-05

+0-095-

+ 323

903

0-266

1226

0

360

July

2-365

2-40

2-23

+0-065

+ 221

944

0-27S

1165

0

343

Aug.

2-43

2-46

2-15

+0-080

+ 272

926

0-272

1I9S

0

352

Sept.

2-51

2 -56

2-20

+0-015

+ 51

937

0-276

988

0

291

Oct.

2-525

2-49

2-OU

-0-070

- 238

891

0-262

653

0

192

Nov.

2-455

2-42

1-78

-0-405

-1377

840

0-247

- 537

-0

158

Dec.

2- 05

1-68

1-39

-0-475

-1616

750

0-221

- 866

-0-255

-Water Levels taken at Superior, Wis., from I860 to 1871, inclusive.

/.\ 777,'.V.l Tin \ I /. 11 1 •/7,7,'ir.t V.S' COMMIS^JOM

857

SESSIONAL PAPER No. >r9a
Table 2-1 — Continued.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

W.tTEn Levels of —

Storage

Outflow

Total

Supply

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

in

tlirough
St. Marv.s

0

Date

Marquct

Fir.st of
Miinlh

e, Mich. 0

Mean of
Month-

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich

Mean of

Month

Lake Superior.

Kiver.

Lake Superior.

Ft. Depth

1 lOOc.f.s.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth
Lake

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Superior.

1X72.

Jan.

(101 -.i75

001 47

001 14

-OlfiO

- 544

693

0-204

149

0044

Feb.

1-415

1-36

1-06

-0115

- .391

674

0-198

283

0-083

Mar.

1-30

1-24

0-82

-0-110

- 374

619

0-182

245

0-072

Apr.

119

1-14

0-78

+0-275

+ 935

610

0-179

1545

0-454

May

1-465

1-79

1-67

+0:515

+1752

815

0-240

2567

0-755

June

1-98

2-17

1-84

+0-325

+ 1105

854

0-251

19.59

0-576

July

2-305

2-44

2-24

+0-220

+ 748

946

0-278

1694

0-498

Aug.

2-525

2-61

2-56

+0165

+ 561

1020

0-300

1.5S1

0-465

Sept.

2-69

2-77

2-63

+0-030

+ 102

1036

0-305

1138

0-335

Oct.

2-72

2-67

2-48

-0-125

- 425

1002

0-295

577

0 170

Nov.

2-595

2-52

.2-33

-0-225

- 765

967

0-284

202

0-059

Dec.

2 -.37

2-22

1-88

-0-200

- 680

863

0-254

183

0-054

1873.

Jan.

2-17

2-12

1-48-

-0-210

- 714

771

0-227

57

0-017

Feb.

1-96

1-80

1-31

-0150

- 510

732

0-215

222

0-065

Mar.

1-81

1-82

1-33

+0-030

+ 102

737

0-217

839

0-247

Apr.

1-84

1-86

1-35

+0-245

+ 833

741

0-218

1574

0-463

May

2-085

2-31

1-91

+0-375

+1275

870

0-256

2145

0-631

June

2-46

2-61

2-04

+0-295

+1003

900

0-265

1903

0-560

July

2-755

2-90

2-48

+0-235

+ 799

1002

0-295

1801

0-530

Aug.

2-99

3-08

2-73

+0-120

+ 408

1059

0-311

1407

0-431

Sept.

3-11

314

2-80

-0-020

- 68

1075

0-316

1007

0-296

Oct.

3-09

304

2-68

-0-120

- 408

1048

0-308

040

0-188

Nov.

2-97

2-90

2-46

-0-220

- 748

997

0-293

249

0-073

Dec.

2-75

2-60

2-22

-0-.380

-1292

942

0-277

- 3,50

-0-103

1874.

Jan.

2-37

214

1-67

-0-235

- 799

815

0-240

16

0-005

Feb.

2135

2- 13

1-51

-0-025

- 85

778

0-229

693

0-204

Mar.

2- 11

209

1-40

+0-030

+ 102

7.53

0-221

855

0-252

Apr.

2-14

2-19

1-28

+0-085

+ 289

725

0-213

1014

0-298

May

2-225

2-26

1-70

+0-135

+ 459 .

822

0-242

1281

0-377

June

2-36

2-46

2-13

+0-290

+ 986

921

0-271

1907

0-561

July

2-65

2-84

2-50

+0-235

+ 799

1006

0-290

1805

0-531

Aug.

2-885

2-93

2-56

+0-095

+ 323

1020

0-300

1343

0.395

Sept.

2-98

3-03

2-54

+0-080

+ 272

1016

0-299

1288

0-.379

Oct.

3 06

3-09

2-67

-0-060

- 204

1045

0-307

841

0-247

Nov.

3-00

2-91

2-45

-0-245

- 833

995

0-293

162

0-048

Dec.

1875.
Jan.

2-7.55

2-60

2-35

-0-315

-1071

972

0-2S6

- 99

-0-029

2-44

2-28

189

-0-180

- 612

866

0-255

254

0-075

Fel).

2-26

2-24

1-64

0 000

0

SOS

0-238

808

0-238

Mai.

2-26

2-28

1-60

+0-020

+ 68

799

0-235

867

0-255

Apr.

2-28

2-28

1-85

+0-110

+ 374

856

0-252

1230

0-362

May

2-39

2-50

210

+0-290

+ 986 ■

928

0-273

1914

0-563

June

2-68

2-86

2-46

+0-175

+ 595

997

0-293

1592

0-46S

July

2-855

2-85

2-54

+0 040

+ 136

1016

0-299

1152

0-3.30

Aug.

2-895

2-94

2-56

+0-160

+ .544

1020

0-.300

1564

0-460

Sept .

3-055

3-17

2-84

+0-040

+ 136

1085

0-319

1221

0-359

Oct.

3 095

3-02

2-71

-0145

- 493

1055

0-310

562

0 165

Nov.

2-95

2-88

2-43

-0170

- 578

990

0-291

412

0-121

Dec.

2-78

2-68

1-87

-0-200

- 680

861

0-253

181

0 053

858

T.\BLE 24 — Continued.

JXTERXATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

Water Levels

OF—

Stor
ii

1
age

Outflow

through

St. Marys

Total S
tc

upply

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

)

Date

1

Lake S

i
jperior.

River.

Lakes

Marquette, Mich.

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich

Mean ol

Month

uperior.

j

First of
Month

Mean of
Month

Ft. Depth;

1

100 c.f.s. 1

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior;

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1876

Jan.

602-58

602-48

601-48

-0-205

-697

854

0-251

157

0-046

Feb.

2-375

2-27

1-79

-0-150

-510

843

0-248

333

0-098

Mar.

2,225

2-18

1-53

-0-030

-102

783

0-230

681

0-200

Apr.

2 195

2-21

1.57

+0-285

+969

792

0-2.33

1701

0-518

May.

2-48

2-75

2-29

+0-610

+2075

958

0-282

3033

0-892

June.

3-09

3-43

2-87

+0-535

+1820

1092

0-321

2912

0-856

July.

3-625

3-82

3-34

+0-250

+ 850

1200

0-353

2050

0-603

Aug.

3-875

3-93

3-39

0000 '

0

1211

0-356

1211

0-356

Sept.

3-875

3-S2

3-42

-0-220

-748

1218

0-358

470

013S

Oct.

3-655

3-49

3-09

-0-245

- 833

1142

0-336

309

0-091

Nov.

341

3-33

3-81

-0-220

- 748

1078

0-317

330

0-097

Dec.

3 19

3-05

2-32

-0-320

-1088

965

0-284

- 123

-0036

1877

Jan.

2-87

2-69

2-03

-0-300

-1020

898

0-264

— 122

-0-030

Feb.

2-57

2-45

2-06

-0-250

- 850

905

0-206

55

0-016

Mar.

2-32

2-19

1-94

0-170

- 578

877

0-258

299

0-088

Apr.

2-15

2-11

1-82

-0-045

- 153

850

0-250

697

0-205

May.

2-105

2-10

1-82

+0-105

+ 357

850

0-250

1207

0-355

June.

2-21

2-32

2-04

+0-300

+1020

900

0-265

1920

0-565

July.

2-51

2-70

2-37

+0-220

+ 748

976

0-2«7

1724

0 507

Aug.

2-73

2-76

2-49

-0-050

- 170

1004

0-295

834

0-245

Sept.

2-68

2-60

2-25

-0080

- 272

949

0-279

677

0-199

Oct.

2-60

2-60

2-29

-0-105

- 357

958

0-282

601

0 177

Nov.

2-495

2-39

2-05

-0140

- 476

903

0-266

427

0-126

Dee.

2-355

2-32

1-89

-0095

- 323

866

0-255

543

0-160

1878

Jan.

2-26

2-20

1-67

0 000

0

815

0-240

815

0-240

Feb.

2-26

2-32

1-41

-0-325

-1105

755

0-222

- 3.50

-0-103

Mar.

1-935

1-55

1,31

-0-400

-1360

732

0-215

- 028

-0-185

Apr.

1-535

1-52

1-29

+0-120

+ 408

728

0-214

1136

0-334

May.

1-655

1-79

1-57

+0-275

+ 935

792

0-233

1727

0-508

June.

1-93

2-07

1-83

-0175

+ 595

852

0-251

1447

0-425

Jiily.

2-105

2-14

1-94

-0-025

- 85

877

0-2.58

792

0-233

Aug.

2-08

2-02

' 1-90

-0-145

- 493

868

0-255

375

0110

Sent.

1-935

1-85

1-61

-0050

- 170

801

0-236

631

0-186

Oct.

1-885

1-92

1-72

-O-Ofio

- 221

826

0-243

605

0-178

Nov.

1-82

1-72

1-64

-0-260

- 884

808

0-238

- 76

-0-022

Dec.

1-.56

1-40

1-42

-0-115

- 391

757

0-223

366

0-108

1879

Jan.

1-445

1-49

1-02

+0-030

+ 102

665

0-196

767

0-226

Feb.

1-475

1-46

0-62

+0-135

+ 459

573

0-168

1032

0-303

Mar.

1-61

1-76

0-38

-0045

- 153

518

0-152

365

0 107

Apr.

1-565

1-37

0-51

-0-375

-1275

548

0-161

- 727

-0-214

May.

1-19

1-01

0-88

" -0-065

- 221

633

0 186

412

0121

June.

1-125

1-24

1-02

+0-235

+ 799

665

0-196

1464

0-431

July.

1-3B

1-48

1-,S2

+0-1S0

+ 612

734

0-210

1346

0-396

Aug.

1-54

1-GO

1-35

+0005

+ 17

741

0-218

758

0-223

Sept.

1-545

■ 1-49

i 1-27

-0010

- 34

723

0-213

689

0-203

Oct.

1-535

1-58

1-30

+0-005

+ 17

730

0-215

747

0-220

Nov.

1-54

1-50

112

-0-2:;o

- 748

088

0-202

- 60

-0-OlS

Dec.

1-32

1-14

0-72

-0-255

- 867

596

0-175

- 271

-0080

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

859

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
Table 24 — Continued.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

Date

Water Levels

Lake Superior.

Marquette, Mich.

First of I Mean of
Month Month

St. Marys
River.

Sault Stc.

Marie, Mich

Mean of

Storage

in

Lake Superior.

Month J^t-D^PtJ'

100 c.f.s.

Outflow

through

St. Marys

River.

'Ft. Depth
100 c.f.s. Lake
Superior.

Total Supply

to
Lake Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1880
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

1881
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct..
Nov.
Dec.

1882
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

1883
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

601
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1

1
2

2'
2
2
2
2
2

065

985

935

405

72

91

375

445

44

415

36

20

94

76

665

575

68

05

30

355

495

78

915

74

425

215

945

85

89

98

125

50

58

515

42

315

105

845

70

825

955

01

185

32

31

19

015

885

600-99
0-98
0-89
1-92
1-52
2-30
2-45
2-44
2-44
2-39
2-33
2-07

1-81
1-71

1-62
1-53

1-83

2-27
2-33
2-38
2-61
2-95

2-60

2-25

200

1-89

1-81

1

1

1-70
1-70
1-95
1-96
2-06
2-31
2-33
2-29
2-09
1-94
1-83

97
99
2-44
2-56
2-60
2-43
2-41
2-22

1-99

600-52

-0-

0-49

-0-

0-40

+0-

0-41

-t-0-;

M5

+0-

1-91

+0-

2-15

+0-

2 03

-0-1

2-19

-0-1

1-96

-0-

1-99

-0-

1-71

-0'.

1-40

-0-

1-30

-0-

1-32

-0-

1-21

+0-(

1-63

+0-.

1-86

+0-.

206

+0-(

1-98

+0-

2-17

+0-

2-63

+0-

2-53

-0-

2-20

-0-

1-69

-0-

1-47

-0-

1-35

-0-

1-30

+0-

1-71

+0-

1-80

+0-

215

+0-

2-25

+0-

219

-0-

2-10

-0-

2-04

-0-

1-77

-0-

1-34

-0-

1-25

-0-

1-25

+0-

1-32

+0-

1-31

+0-

1-68

+0-

1-86

+0-

2-28

-0-

1-95

-0-

180

-0-

1-69

-0-

1-43

-0-

080
050
470
315
190
465
070
005
025
055
160
260

180
095
090
015
370
250
055
140
285
135
175
135

300
180
095
040
090
235
285
080
065
095
105
210

-260
-145
■125
-130
-055
-175
-135
-010
-120
•175
-130
■070

- 272

- 170
+1598
+1071
+ 646
-1582
+ 238

- 17

- 85

- 187

- 544

- 884

- 612

- 323

- 306

- 357

+ 1258
+ 850
+ 187

- 476
+ 969
+ 459

- 595
-1071

-1020

- 612

- 323
+ 136
+ 306
+ 799
+ 969
+ 272

- 221

- 323

- 357

- 714

- 884

- 493
+ 425
+ 442
+ 187
+ 595
+ 459

- 34

- 408

- 595

- 442

- 238

5.i0

0-

.■HS

0^

522

0^

525

0^

695

0^

S70

0-

926

0^

898

0^

935

0-

882

0-

889

0-;

824

0-

753

0^

730

0^

734

0^

709

0^

S06

0^

S,W

0-

905

0^

886

0^

930

0^

1036

0-

1013

0^

937

0^

820

0^

769

0^

741

0^

730

0-

824

0^

845

0^

926

0^

949

0^

936

0-

914

0-

900

0^

838

0-

739

0^

718

0^

718

0^

734

0-

732

0-

817

0-

859

0-

956

0-

880

0-

845

0-

820

0-

760

0-

162
160
153
1.54

204
46
272
264
275
259
261
242

221

215

216

208

237

253

266

260

273

305 i

298 I

276 j

241
226
218
215
242
248
272
273
275
269
265
246

217
211
216

215
215
240
253
281
259
248
241
223

278

0

373

0

2120

0

1596

0

1341

0

2452

0

1164

0

881

0

850

0

695

0

345

0

- 60

-0

141
407

428

10-66

20-64

1709

1092

1362

1899

1495

418

- 134

- 200
157
418
866

1130

1644

1895

1221

714

.591

.543

124

- 145

225

1143

1176

919

1412

1318

922

472

250

378

522

110
623
469
394
721
342
259
250
204
101
018

041
120
126
313
607
503
.321
400
558
440
123
039

059
046
123
255
332
483
557
359
210
174
160
036

043

066

336

346

270

416

388

271 .

139

073

111

158

860

Table 24— Continued.

lyTERyATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMIfiSIOy

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKF. SUPERIOR.

^

W.tTER Levels

OF—

Stoi

age

Outflow

through

St. Marys

River.

Total Supply

IDate

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

in

to

Marquett

First of
Month

e, Mich. 0

Mean of
Month

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich

Mean of

Month

Lake Superior.

Lake^^Supcrior.

Ft. Depth

100 c.f.s.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1884

.Jan.

601 815

601-80

601-33

-0-100

- 340

737

0-217

397

0117

Feb.

1-715

1-63

1-14

-0-130

- 442

693

0-204

251

0-074

Mar.

1-585

1-54

1-05

-0-155

- 527

672

0-198

145

0-043

Apr.

1-43

1-32

0-88

0-000

0

633

0-186

633

0-186

May

1-43

1-.54

1-25

+0-210

+ 714

718

0-211

1432

0-421

,Iune

1-64

1-74

1-35

+0- 170

+ 578

741

0-218

1319

0-:58S

July

1-81

1-88

1-57

+0-075

+ 255,

792

0-233

1047

0-30S

Aug.

1-785

1-89

1-61

+0-140

+ 476

801

0-236

1277

0-375

Sept.

2-025

2-16

1-68

+0-315

+ 1071

817

0,240

1SS8

0,5.55

Oct.

2-34

2-52

1-77

+0-130

+ 442

838

0-246

1280»

0-376

Nov.

2-47

2-42

1-87

-0-155

- 527

861

0-253

334

0-098

Dee.

2-315

2-21

1-61

-0-220

- 748'

801

0-236

53

0,016

1885

Jan.

2 095

1-98

1-44

-0,205

- 697

702

0-224

65

0.019

Feb.

1-89

1-80

1-33

-0-130

- 442

737

0-217

295

0087

Mar.

1-76

1-72

1-19

-0-065

- 221

704

0-207

4S3

0 142

Apr.

1-695

1-67

1-02

+0-140

+ 476

665

0-196

1141

0-3-36

May

1-835

2-00

1-60

+0-305

+ 1037

799

0-235

1836

0-540

June

2-14

2-28

1-94

+0-260

+ 884

877

0. 258

1761

0-518

July.

2-40

2-52

2-12

+0-"180

+ 612

919

0-270

1531

0-450

Aug.

2-58

2-64

2-34

+0-025 ,

+ 85

- 969

0-285

1054

0-310

Sept.

2-605

2-57

2-10

-0-120 1

- 408

914

0-269

.506

0-149

Oct.

2-485

2-40

1-92

-0-160

- 544

873

0-257

239

0-097

Nov.

2-325

2-25

1-85

-0-240

- 816

856

0-252

40

0-012

Dec.

2-085

1-92

1-55

-0-265

- 901

787

0-231

- 114

-0-034

1886

Jan.

1-82

1-72

1-20

-0-165

- 561

707

0-208

146

0-043

Feb.

1-655

1-59

1-04

-0-095

- 323

670

0 197

347

0-102

Mar.

1.56

1-53

1-04

+0,015

+ 51

670

0-197

721

0-212

Apr.

1-575

1-62

1-02

+0-170

+ 578

665

0-196

1243

0-365

May.

1-745

1-87

1-50

+0-195

+ 663

776

0-228

1439

0-423

June

1-94

2-01

1-66

+0-105

- 357

813

0-239

1170

(0,344

July

2-045

2-08

1-83

-0-010

- 34

852

0-251

818

0-241

Aug.

2-035

1-99

1-97

-0-055

- 187

884

0-260

697

0-205

Sept.

1-98

1-97

1-83

-0-040

- 136

852

0-251

988

0-291

Oct.

2-02

2-07

1-86

-0025

- 85

859

0-253

774

0-228

Ndv.

* 1-995

1-92

1-79

-0^45

- 493

843

0-248

350

0-103

Dec.

1-85

1-78

1-36

-0-225

- 765

744

0-219

-. 21

-0-006

1887

Jan.

1-625

1-47

1-14

-0-145

- 493

693

0-204

200

0-059

Feb.

1-48

1-49

1-00

-0-165

+ 561

661

0-194

1'7'?2

0-359

Mar.

1-645

1-80

0-97

-0-240

+ 816

654

0-192

1470

0-432

Apr.

1-885

1-97

0-83

-0-020

- 68

622

0-183

554

0-163

May

1-865

1-76

119

-0-025

- 85

704

0-207

619

0-182

June

1-84

1-92

1-64

+0-220

+ 748

808

0-238

1556

0-458

July.

206

2-20

2-01

+0-180

+ 612

893

0-263

1505

0-443

Aug.

2-24

2-28

1-89

-0-030

- 102

866

0-255

764

0-225

Sept.

2-21

214

1-75

-0-105

- 357

834

0-245

477

0-140

Oct.

2 105

2-07

1-93

-0-155

- 527

875

0-257

348

0 102

Nov.

1-95

1-83

1-70

-0-230

- 782

822

0-242

40

0-012

Dec.

1-72

1-€1

1-29

-0165

- 561

728

0-214

167

0-049

DEPARTUEyr or t'Vlil.IV WORKS

861

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IBa
T.*BLE 24 — Continued.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOH.

W.4TER Levels of —

Stoi

age

Out

Total

supply

low

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

in

through
St. Marys

to

Date

L;ikc Superior.

River.

Lakes

Marquett

e, Mich, a

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich

Mean of

Month

iperior.

First of
Month

Mean of
Month

Ft. Depth

100 c.f.s.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1888

Jan.

601-555

BOl-,50

001-13

-0 050

- 170

691

0-203

521

0-153

Feb.

1-505

1-51

0

79

-0

030

- 102

612

0

180

510

0

150

Mar.

1-475

1-44

0

84

-0

035

- 119

624

0

183

505

0

148

Apr.

1-44

U44

0

83

+0

235

+ 799

622

0

183

1421

0

418

May

1-675

1-91

1

43

+0

625

+2126

760

0

223

2886

0

849

June

2-30

2 09

2

28

+0

485

+ 1650

956

0

281

2606

0

766

July

2-785

2-88

2

44

+0

165

+ 561

992

0

292

1553

0

457

Aug.

2-95

3-02

2

43

+0

045

+ 153

990

0

291

1143

• 0

336

Sept.

2-995

2-97

2

35

-0

070

- 238

972

0

286

734

0

216

Oct.

2-925

2-SS

2

34

-0

115

- 391

969

0

285

578

0

170

Nov.

2-81

2-74

2

14

-0

245

- 833

923

0

271

90

0

026

Dec.

2-565

2-39

I

SO

-0

335

-1139

778

0

229

- 361

-0

106

1889

Jan.

2-23

2-07

1

52

■ -0

270

- 918

722

0

212

- 196

-0

058

Feb.

1-96

1-85

1

23

-0

195

- 663

664

0

195

1

0

000

Mar.

1-765

1-68

1

26

-0

080

- 272

670

0

197

398

0

117

Apr.

1-685

1-69

1

25

-0

180

+ 612

668

0

196

1280

0

376

May

1-865

204

1

81

-fO

235

+ 799

780

0

229

1579

0

464

June

2-10

2-10

1

99

+0

155

+ 527

816

0

240

1343

0

395

July

2-25'5

2-35

2

26

+0

190

+ 646

870

0

256

1516

U

446

Aug.

2-445

2-54

2

27

+0

160

+ 544

872

0

256

1416

0

416

Sept.

2-605

2-67

2

26

-0

015

- 51

870

0

2.56

819

0

241

Oct.

2-59

2-51

2

11

-0

235

- 799

840

0

247

41

0

012

Nov.

2-355

2-20

1

81

-0

305

-1027

780

0

229

- 257

-0

076

Dec.

2-005

1-90

1

43

-0

220

- 748

704

0

207

- 44

-0

013

1890

Jan.

1-83

1-76

1

48

-0

1 5

- 459

714

0

210

255

0

075

Feb.

1-695

1-63

0

93

-0

185

- 629

604

0

178

- 25

-0

007

Mar.

1-51

1-39

0

92

-0

185

- 459

602

0

177

140

0

042

Apr..

1-375

1-36

0

85

-fO

090

- 306

58S

n

173

894

0

263

May.

1-465

1-.57

1

32

+0

330

+ 1122

682

II

201

1S04

1)

.-.30

June

1-795

2-02

"1

90

+0

375

+ 1275

798

0

235

2073

0

610

July.

j>-17

2-32

2

26

-fO

225

+ 765

870

0

256

1635

0

481

Aug.

2-395

2-47

2

17

+0

140

+ 476

852

0

251

1328

0

390

Sept.

2-5.35

2-60

2

06

+0

050

+ 170

830

0

244

1000

0

294

Oct.

2-585

2 -,57

1

99

-0

120

- 408

816

0

240

408

0

120

Nov

2-465

2-36

1

85

-0

285

- 969

878

0

232

- 181

0

053

Dec.

2-18

200

1

55

-0

360

-1224

728

0

214

- 496

-0

146

1891

Jan.

1-82

1-G4

0

86

-0

245

- 833

590

0

173

- 243

-0

071

Feb.

1-.575

1-51

0

97

-0

085

- 289

612

0

ISO

323

0

095

Mar.

1-49

1-47

0

82

-0

040

- 136

582

0

171

446

0

131

Apr.

1-45

1-43

1

00

+0

080

+ 272

618

0

182

890

0

262

May.

1-53

1-63

1

43

+0

125

+ 425

704

0

207

1129

0

332

June

1-655

1-68

1

38

-fO

125

+ 425

694

0

204

1119

0

329

July

1-78

1-88

1

49

•+0

090

+ 306

716

0

211

1022

0

301

Aug.

1-87

1-86

1

50

-0

030

- 102

718

0

211

616

0

181

Sept.

1-84

1-82

1

43

+0

025

+ 85

704

0

207

789

0

232

Oct.

1-865

1-91

1

49

-0

015

- 51

. 716

0

211

665

0

196

Nov.

1-85

1-79

1

38

-0

245

- 833

694

0

204

- 139

-0

041

Dec.

1-605

1-42

1-07

-0-185

- 629

632

0-186

3

ooni

862

Tabie 24— Continued.

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS GOMMISSIOy

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

Water Levels of—

Storage

Outflow

Total Supply

Date

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

in

through
St. Marvs

Ri'""- '

to

Marquette, Mich.

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich

Mean of

Month

Lake Su perior.

Lake Superior.

First of
Month

Mean of
Month

Ft. Depth

lOOc.f.s.

100 c.t.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1892

Jan.

601-42

601-42

601-01

-0140

- 476

620

0-182

144

0-042

Feb.

1-28

1-14

0-65

-0-205

- 697

548

0161

- 149

-0-044

Mar.

1-075

1-01

0-47

-0-060

- 204

512

0-151

308

0091

Apr.

1-015

1-02

0-63

+0-170

+ 578

544

0-160

1122

0-330

May

1-185

1-35

1-14

+0-355

+1207

646

0-190

1853

0-545

June

1-54

1-73

1-50

+0-205

+ 697

718

0-211

1415

0-416

July

1-745

1-76

1-64

+0-075

+ 255

746

0-219

1001

0-294

Aug.

. 1-82

1-88

1-65

+0-085

+ 289

748

0-220

1037

0-305

Sept.

1-905

1-93

1-71

-0-025

- 85

760

0-223

675

0-198

Oct.

1-88

1-83

1-60

-0135

- 459

738

0-217

279

0-082

Nov.

1-745

1-66

1-32

-0-225

- 765

682

0-201

- 83

-0-024

Dec.

1-52

1-38

104

-0-280

- 952

626

0-184

- 326

-0-096

1893

Jan.

1-24

110

0-79

-0-185

- 629

519

0 153

- 110

-0-032

Feb.

1055

1-01

0-59

-0020

- 68

482

0 142

414

0-122

Mar.

1035

106

0-60

+0 075

+ 255

484

0 142

739

0-217

Apr.

1-11

1-16

0-85

+0-300

+1020

531

0-156

1551

0-456

May

1-41

1-66

1-42

+0-510

+1734

638

0-188

2372

0-698

June

1-92

2-18

1-95

+0-410

+1394

738

0-217

2132

0-627

July

2-33

2-48

2-15

+0-180

+ 612

775

0-228

1387

0-408

Aug.

2-51

2-54

2-23

-0015

- 51

790

0-232

739

0-217

Sept.

2-495

2-45

2-10

-0-060

- 204

766

0-225

562

0-165

Oct.

2-435

2-42

2-04

-0-095

- 323

755

0-222

432

0-127

Nov.

2-34

2-26

1-99

-0195

- 663

745

0-219

82

0 024

Dec.

2 145

2-03

1-45

-0-195

- 663

644

0-189

- 19

-0006

1894

Jan.

1-94

1-85

1-23

-0-180

- 612

602

0-177

- 10

-0003

Feb.

1-76

1-67

115

-0-045

- 153

587

0 173

434

0-128

Mar.

1-715

1-76

104

+0-120

+ 408

566

0166

974

0-2S6

Apr.

1-835

1-91

1-42

+0-465

+1582

638

0-188

2220

0-653

May

2-30

2-69

2-40

+0-500

+1700

822

0-242

2522

0-742

June

2-80

2-91

2-64

+0-140

+ 476

868

0-255

1344

0-395

July

2-94

2-97

2-78

+0-095

+ 323

894

0-263

1217

0-358

Aug.

3-035

310

2-79

+0025

+ 85

896

0-263

981

0-288

Sept.

306

302

2-66

-0-030

- 102

871

0-256

769

0-226

Oct.

3-03

304

2-70

-0015

- 51

879

0-258

828

0-243

Nov.

3015

2-99

2-60

-0-120

- 408

860

0-253

452

0-133

Dec.

2-895

2-80

2-30

-0-245

- 833

804

0-236

- 29

-0-009

1895

Jan.

2-65

2-50

200

-0-260

- 884

747

0-220

- 137

-0040

Feb.

2-39

2-28

1-86

-0-195

- 663

721

0-212

58

0-017

Mar.

2- 195

2-11

1-66

-0135

- 459

683

0-201

224

0 060

Apr.

2-06

2-01

1-64

+0-135

+ 459

679

0-200

1138

0-335

May

2-195

2-38

2-04

+0-345

+1173

755

0-222

1928

0-567

June

2-54

2-70

2-43

+0-260

+ 884

828

0-243

1712

0-503

July

2-80

2-90

2-67

+0-125

+ 425

873

0-257

1298

0-382

Aug.

2-925

2-95

2-68

+0-095

+ 323

875

0-257

1198

0-352

Sept.

3-02

3-09

2-85

+0095

+ 323

907

0-267

1230

0-362

Oct.

3115

3-14

2-97

-0-120

- 408

930

0-273

522

0 1.53

Nov.

2-995

2-85

2-45

-0-310

-1034

832

0-245

— 222

-0 065

Dec.

2-685

2-52

2-24

-0-205

- 901

830

0-214

- 71

-0021

DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

863

SESSIONAL PAPER No. >1«a
Table 24 — Continued.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

Water Levels of—

Storage

Outflow-
through
St. Marys

■R,-,,

Total Supply

Date

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

in

l^ake Superior.

to

Marquette, Mich.

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich

Mean of

Month

iV

VCl .

Lake Superior.

First of
Month

Mean of
Month

Ft. Depth

100 c.f.s.

100 C.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1S96

Jan.

602-42

602-32

601-69

-0-200

- GSO

727

0-214

47

0-014

Feb.

2-22

2-12

1-68

-0-200

- 080

687

0-202

7

0 002

Mm:

202

1-92

1-48

-0-055

- 187

649

0191

462

0-136

Apr.

1-96.5

2-01

1-57

-fO-370

+ 1258

701

0-206

1959

0-576

May

2-335

2-66

2-18

+0-515

+1752

816

0-240

2568

0-755

June

2-85

3-04

2-59

+0-220

+ 748

893'

0-263

1641

0-483

July

3-07

3-10

2-72

+0-040

+ 136

918

0-270

1054

0-310

Aug.

3-11

3-12

2-74

-0075

- 255

921

0-271

666

0-196

Sept.

3-035

2-95

2-61

-0-245

- 833

897

0-264

64

0-019

Oct.

2-79

2-63

218

-0-125

- 425

816

0-240

391

0-115

Nov.

2-665

2-70

2-21

-0-040

- 136

822

0-242

686

0-202

Dec.

2-625

2-55

2-15

-01.55

- 527

810

0-238

2«3

0-083

1897
Jan.

2-47

2-39

1-92

-0-195

- 663

767

0-220

104

0-031

Feb.

2-275

216

1-61

-0-155

- 527

709

0-208

182

0-053

Mar.

2-12

2-08

1-63

-0-025

- 85

712

0-209

627

0 184

Apr.

2-095

2-11

1-76

+0-185

+ 629

737

0-217

1366

0-402

May

2-28

2-45

2-11

+0-335

+ 1139

803

0-230

1942

0-571

June

2-615

2-78

2-47

+0-315

+ 1071

871

0-256

1942

0-571

July

2-93

3-08

2-69

+0-210

+ 714

912

0-268

1626

0-478

Aug.

3-14

3-20

2-85

+0-030

+ 102

942

0-277

1044

0-307

Sept.

3 17

3-14

2-6S

-0-130

- 442

910

0-268

468

0-13S

Oct.

3-04

2-94

2-47

-0-250

- 850

871

0-256

21

0-006

Nov.

2-79

2-64

2-36

-0-365

-1241

850

0-250

- 391

-0-115

Dec.

2-425

2-21

1-87

-0-405

-1377

758

0-223

- 619

-0-182

189S

Jan.

2-02

1-83

1-38

-0-280

- 952

670

0-197

- 282

-0-083

Feb.

1-74

1-65

1-15

-0-185

- 629

627

0-184

2

-0-001

Mar.

1-555

1-46

1-00

-O-Oflo

- 323

599

0-176

276

0-081

Apr.

1-46

1-46

1-13

+0-120

+ 408

623

0-183

1031

0-303

May

1-58

1-70

1-42

+0-360

+ 1224

678

0-199

1902

0-5.59

June

1-91

2- IS

1-83

+0-445

+ 1513

755

0-222

2268

0 067

July

2-385

2-59

2-17

+0-270

+ 918

819

0-241

1737

0-511

.^ug.

2-655

2-72

2-28

+0-115

+ 391

841

0-247

1232

0-362

Sept.

2-77

2-82

2-42

+0-020

+ 68

866

0-255

934

0-275

Oct.

2-79

2-76

2-26

-0130

- 442

836

0-246

394

0-116

Nov.

2-6G

2-56

209

-0-215

- 731

804

0-236

73

0021

Dec.

2-445

2-33

201

-0-300

-1020

789

0.232

231

-0-008

1899

Jan.

2-145

1-96

1-53

-0-285

- 969

699

0-206

- 270

-0-079

Feb.

1-8C

1-76

1-37

-0-085

- 289

668

0-196

379

0-111

Mar.

1-775

1-79

1-20

0 000

0

648

0-191

648

0-191

Apr.

1-775

1-76

1-26

+0-340

+ 1156

657

0 193

1813

0-533

May

2-115

2-47

2-12

+0-600

+2041

819

0-241

2860

0841

June

2-715

2-96

2-56

+0-300

+ 1224

902

0-265

2126

0-625

July

3 075

319

2-76

+0-195

+ 663

940

0-276

1603

0-471

Aug.

3-27

3-35

2-91

+0-160

+ 544

968

0-285

1512

0-445

Sept.

3-43

3-51

3-10

-0015

- 51

1004

0-295

953

0-280

Oct.

3-415

3-32

2-77

-0150

- 510

942

0-277

432

0-127

Nov.

3-265

3-21

2-69

-0-160

- .544

926

0-272

382

0-112

Dec.

3-105

3-00

2-64

-0-290

- 986

917

0-270

- 69

-0-020

864

DEl'AR'rMl.yT OF PVBf.IC irOA'A'.s'

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

T.ABLE 24. — Continued.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPF.RIOR.

W.tTER Levels OF—

Stoi

age

Outflow

through

St. Marys

River.

Total Supply

Date

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

in

to

Marquette, Mich, a

First of 1 Mean of
Month Month

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich.

Mean of

Month

Lake Superior.

Lake Superior.

Ft. Depth

100 c.f.s.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

1900

Jan.

602 -8 15

602-63

602-03

-0-275

- 935

793

0

233

- 142

-0 042

Feb.

2-54

2

45

1-90

-0

200

- 680

770

0

226

90

U-026

Mar.

2-34

2

23

1-64

-0

160

- 544

723

0

213

179

0-053

Apr.

2-18

2

13

1-68

+0

035

+ 119

730

0

215

849

0-250

May

2-215

2

30

1-87

-0

115

-+- 391

764

0

225

1155

0-340

Juue

2-33

2

36

1-94

+0

140

+ 476

777

0

228

1253

0-30.S

July

2-47

2

58

2-17

+0

290

+ 986

818

0

241

1804

0.530

Aug.

2-76

2

94

2-39

+0

440

+1496

857

0

252

2353

0-692

Sept.

3-20

3

46

2-90

+0

300

+1020

948

0

279

1968

0-579

Oct.

3-50

3

54

2-93

+0

025

+ 85

954

0

280

1039

0-305

Nov.

3-525

3

51

3-04

+0

205

- 697

974

0

286

277

0-OSl

Dec.

3-23

3

13

2-63

-0

365

-1241

900

0

265

- 341

-0-100

1901

Jan.

2-955

2

78

2-17

+0

325

-1105

818

0

241

- 287

-0-084

Feb.

2-63

2

48

1-87

-0

250

- 850

764

0

225

- 86

-0-025

Mar.

2-38

2

28

1-65

-0

130

- 442

725

0

213

283

0-083

Apr.

2-25

2

22

1-76

+0

115

+ 391

745

0

219

1136

0-334

May.

2-365

2

51

2-06

+0

195

+ 663

798

0

235

1461

0-430

June

2-56

2

61

2-15

+0

290

+ 986

814

0

239

1800

0-529

July

2-85

3

09

2-56

+0

305

+1037

888

0

261

1925

0-566

Aug.

3-155

3

22

2-74

+0

025

+ 85

920

0

290

835

0-246

Sept.

313

3

04

2-60

-0

075

- 255

895

0

263

040

0-18S

Oct.

3-055

3

07

2-72

-0

200

- 68

798

0

235

730

0-215

Nov.

3-035

3

00

2-66

-0

195

- 663

788

0

232

125

0-037

Dec.

2-84

2

68

3-27

-0

340

-1156

728

0

214

- 428

-0-120

1902

Jan.

2-.i0

2

32

1-90

-0

285

- 969

670

0

197

- 299

-u-oss

Feb.

2-215

2

11

1-61

—0

175

- 595

625

0

184

30

0-009

Mar.

2-04

1

97

1-53

—0

045

- 153

613

0

180

460

0-135

Apr.

1-995

2

02

1-69

+0

185

+ 629

638

0

188

1267

0-373

May

2-lS

2

34

1-88

+0

310

+1054

667

0

196

1721

0-.50fi

June

2-49

2

64

2-25

+0

270

+ 918

725

0

213

1643

0-483

July

2-76

2

88

2-48

+0

125

+ 425
+ 85

760

0

223

1185

0-34S

Aug.

2-885

2

89

2-49

+0

025

762

0

224

847

0-249

Sept .

2-91

2

93

2-54

-0

040

- 136

770

0

226

634

0-lSfi

Oct.

2-87

2

81

2-39

-0

060

- 204

746

0

219

542

0-15(1

Nov.

2-81

2

81

2-46

-0

115

- 391

757

0

223

36fi

0-lOS

Dec.

2-695

2

58

2-29

-0

285

- 969

731

0

215

-238

— 0070

1903

Jan.

2-41

2

24

1-83

-0

300

-1020

660

0

194

- 360

-0-106

Feb.

2-11

1

98

1-60

-0

180

- 612

624

0

183

12

0-003

Mar.

1-93

1

88

1-51

+0

045

+ 153

610

0

179

763

0-224

Apr.

1-975

2

07

1-76

■+0

340

+ 1156

649

0

191

1805

0-531

May

2-315

2

56

2-15

+0

345

+ 1479

709

0

208

2188

0-643

June

2-75

2

94

2-57

+0

290

+ 986

774

0

228

1760

0-518

July.

3-04

ii

14

2-70

+0

155

+ 527

795

0

234

1322

0-.389

Aug.

3-195

3

25

2-80

+0

065

+ 221

0-810

0

238

1031

0-303

Sept.

3-26

3

27

2-82

+0

075

+ 255

813

0

239

1068

0-314

Oct.

3-335

3

40

2-98

-0

045

- 153

838

0

246

685

0-201

Nov.

2-39

3

18

2-85

-0

300

-1020

818

0

241

— 202

-0-059

Dec.

2-99

2-80

2-41

-0-340

-1156

750

0-221

-•406

-0-119

i\Ti:i{.\ATi()yAi. Ml y i:i;\\a y.s commisi^iox

865

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
Table 24. — Conlimicd.

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

Water Levels of—

Storage

Outflow

Total

Supply

j

Date

Lake Superior.

St. Marys
River.

in

through

St. Mai-ys

River.

to

Marquett

e, Mich.

Sault Ste.

Marie, Mich.

Mean of

Month

; Lake Superior.

Lake Superior.

First of
Month

Mean of
Month

Ft. Depth

1

lOOc.f.s.

lOOc.f.s.

Ft. Depth

Lake
Superior.

100 c.f.s.

Ft. Depth

liKM

1

Man.

602-65

602-50

601 -S-

! -0-235

- 799

666

0-196

- 1.33

-0039

Feb.

2-445

2-33

1-B4

-0135

- 459

630

0-185

171

0-050

Mar.

2-28

2-23

1-40

— 0 080

- 272

593

0-174

321

0 094

\pr.

2-20

2-17

1-76

+0-120

+ 408

649

0-191

10.57

0-311

May

2-32

2-47

2-09

1 +0-300

+ 1020

700

0-206

1720

0-506

• lunc

2-62

2-77

2-34

+0-195

+ 663

739

0-217

1402

0-412

luly

2-815

2-86

2-48

+0 090

+ 306

760

0-223

1066

0-313

Aug.

2-905

2-95

2-55

+0110

+ 374

771

0-227

1145

0-337

Sept .

3 051

3 08

2-65

+0-1.55

+ 527

787

0-231

1321

0-386

1 )ct.

3-17

3-26

2-82

+0-055

+ 178

813

0-239

1000

0-294

\ov.

3-225

3- 19

2-71

-0-260

- 884

796

0-234

- 88

-0-026

Dec.

2-965

2-74

2-30

-0-360

-1224

732

0-215

- 492

-0-145

1905

■Ian.

2-605

2-47

200

-0-305

-1-037

788

•0-232

- 249

-0 073

leb.

2-30

2-13

1-59

-0-215

- 731

712

0-209

- 19

-0-001

Mar.

2-085

2-04

1-36

+0 060

+ 204

670

0-197

874

0-257

.Apr.

2-145

2-25

1-78

+0-225

+ 765

747

0-220

1512

0-445

May.

2-37

2-49

2-07

+0-210

+ 714

801

0-236

1515

0-445

June

2-58

2-67

2-25

+0-240

+ 816

834

0-245

1650

0-485

.luly.

2-82

2-97

2-60

+0-215

+ 731

899

0-264

1630

0-479

Vug.

3 035

3-10

2-73

+0-175

+ 595

923

0-271

1518

0-446

>ept .

3-21

3-32

2-92

+0-115

+ 391

958

0-282

1349

0-397

1 )ct.

3-325

3-33

2-96

-0-075

- 225

965

1 0-284

710

0-209

Nov.

3-25

3-17

2-73

-0-185

- 629

923

0-271

294

0-086

Dec.

^■065

2-96

2-52

-0-225

- 765

884

0-260

119

0-035

1906

.Ian.

2-84

2-72

2-18

-0-265

- 901

821

0-241

- 80

-0-024

Feb.

2 -.575

2-43

1-.S5

+0-250

- 850

760

0-223

- 90

-0-026

ilar.

2-325

2-22

1-63

--0140

- 476

720

0-212

244

0-072

Apr.

2-185

2-15

1-70

+0-130

+ +12

733

0-216

1175

0-346

May.

2-315

2-48

2-02

+0-315

+ 1071

792

0-233

1863

0-548

■June

2-63

2-78

2-30

+0-210

+ 714

843

0-248

1557

0-458

July

2-84

2-90

2-50

+0-075

+ 255

880

0-259

1135

0-334

Aug.

2-915

2-93

2-46

+ ■0025

+ 85

873

0-257

958

0-282

Sept.

2-94

2-95

2-46

-0-045

- 153

873

0-257

720

0-212

(Jet.

2-895

2-84

2-36

-0-145

- 493

855

0-251

362

0-106

Nov.

2-75

2-66

2-19

-0-195

- 663

823

0-242

160

0-047

Dec.
1907
.Jan.

2-555

2-45

1-95

-0-220

- 748

779

0-229

31

0-009

2-335

2-22

1-62

-0-195

- 663

718

0-211

55

0016

Feb.

2-14

2-06

1-43

-0-140

- 476

683

0-201

207

0-061

Mar.

2-00

1-94

1-34

—0-060

- 204

666

0-196

462

0-136

Apr.

1-94

1-94

1-59

+0-080

+ 272

712

0-209

984

0-289

May

202

2-10

1-71

+0-305

+ 1037

734

0-216

1771

0-521

June

2-325

2-55

2-12

+0-300

+ 1020

810

0-238

1830

0-538

July

2-625

2-70

2-33

+0-190

+ 646

849

0-250

1495

0-440

Aug.

2-815

2-93

2-50

+0-235

+ 799

880

0-259

1679

0-494

Sept.

3-05

317

2-70

+0110

+ 374

917

0-270

1291

0-380

Oct.

3-16

3-15

2-71

-0-145

- 493

919

0-270

426

0-125

Nov.

3-015

2-88

2-56

-0-310

-1054

891

0-262

- 163

-0-048

Dec.

2-705

2-53

2-08

803

0-236

866

DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

1

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

T.ABLE 2

0.

'

SUPPLY FACTORS OF

Water Levels of '

Stoi

age

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

u

kc Michigan-Huron.

T .il-ii «;+ r^\^:^

i..aKe oT

1

Mean, Milwaukee
Harbour and

Windmill

Amherst-

Equiv-
alent.
Ft. Depth
Lake

Mil-

Date

Point.

burg,

waukee,

Beach, Harbor Beach.

Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

Wis.,
Mean

of
Month.

I

Mich.,

Mean

of

Month.

First

Mean

Mean

First

of
Month.

of
Month.

Michigan-
Huron.

of
Month.

of

Month.

1860

Jan

575-92

573-48

582-51

582-83

582-67

Feb....

575-22

4-51

3-12

— 014

—0-002

2-69

2-78| 2-735

582-702

Mar....

5-08

5-64

3-54

+0-86

+0-010

2-72

2-92 2-82

2-778

Apr.. .

5-94

6-24

4-19

+0-52

+0006

2-85

2-891 2-87

2-845

May....

6-46

0-69

4-49

+0-30

+0-003

2-97

2-94J 2-955

2-912

.June

6-7C

6-84

4-45

-0-26

-0-003

3-09

318' 3-135

3-045

July....

6-50

fi-17

4-20

-0-38

-0-004

3-13

3-27' 3-20

3-168

Aug

6-12

0-08

4-08

-0-26

-0-003

2-94

3-19 3-065

3-132

Sept.. .

586

5-65

3-68

+0-12

+0001

2-74

300 2-87

2-968

Oct

5-98

6-30

3-37

-0-14

-0-002

2-43

2-621 2-525

2-698

Nov...

5'84

5-38

3-15

-0-lS

-0-002

2-10

2-50

2-30

2-412

Dec. .

5-66

5-93

3-11

+0-30

+0 003

1-94

2-20

2-07

2-185

1861

.Ian

5-96

5-98

2-83

-0-67

-0007

1-83

1-99

1-91

1-990

Feb....

5-29

4-69

2-55

-0-13

-0-001

1-92

203

1-975

1-942

Mar....

5-16

5-72

301

+0-96

+0011

2-31

2-17j 2-24

2 10S

Apr...

6-12

6-51

4-00

+0-45

+0-005

2-41

2-37i 2-39

2-315

May....

6-57

6-63

4-52

+017

+0-002

2-83

2-99] 2-91

2-650

June

6-74

6-S4

4-58

+0 06

+0-001

2-99

3-33! 3-16

3 035

July....

6-80

6-77

4-34

+0-06

+0-001

3-12

3-45

3-285

3-222

Aug

6-86

6-95

4-42

-0 02

0-000

3-36

3-56

3-46

3-372

Sept....

6-84

6-73

4-18

-0-23

-0003

3-05

3-48

3-265

3-302

Oct

6-61

0-49

3-94

-0 1!)

-0-002

2-93

3-26

3-095

3-180

Nov....

6-42

6-34

3-79

-0-11

-0-001

2-70

2-951 2-825

2-000

Dec. . . .

6-31

6-28

3-68

-0-22

-0002

2-53

2-82 2-675

2-750

1862

.Jan

6-09

5-90

3-65

-0-73

-0-008

2-33

2-44.' 2-385

2-530

Feb....

5 -.36

4-81

3-36

-0-07

-0001

2-lS

2-43

2-305

2-345

Mar....

5-29

5-77

3-52

+1-09

+0-012

2-48

2-34

2-41

2-358

Apr

6-38

6-98

4-37

+0-63

+0-007

2-64

2-55

2-595

2-502

May....

7-01

7-04

4-70

+0-05

+ 0-001

2-89

2-92

2-905

2-750

June. . .

7-06

7-09

4-69

0-00

0 000

3-02

304

3-03

2-968

July....

706

7-04

4-67

-0-OS

-0-001

2-92

3-09

2-005

3-018

Aug. . . .

6-98

6-93

■ 4-33

-0-17

-0002

2-91

3-07 2-99

2-998

Sept....

6-81

6-69

3-96

-0-24

-0003

2-84

2-85 2-845

2-918

Oct

6-57

6-45

3-57

-0-28

-0-003

2-73

3-13 2-93

2-888

Nov... .

6-29

6-13

3-10

-0-25

-0-003

2-34

2-81, 2-575

2-752

Dec....

604

5-94

3-25

-002

0 000

2-20

2-521 2-36

2-46S

a. — St. Clair River discharge use

IXTERXATIOyAL 'nATERWAYS COMMISSION

867

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON.

Storage
in
Lake
Michi-
gan-
Huron,

Foot
Depth

Storage in
Lake Michigan-
Huron and
Lake St. Clair.

Foot

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Outflow
through
Detroit
River.

Total Supply
to
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Inflow from

St. Marys

River.

100
c.f.s.

Foot I
Depth i

Lake ■
Michigan- :
Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth
Lake

Michigan-
i Huron.

Local Supply
to
Lake
Michigan-
Huron

lOO
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

-f-O
-t-0
+0
+0
-1-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0

-0
-t-0
+0
-fO
+0
-1-0
-f-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0

-0-
-t-O-i
+0-
-t-0-:
-fO-:
-fO-'
-0-1
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-

■076

-fO-

•067

-t-0^

•067

-t-0^

•133

+0^

•123

-1-0 ■

■03H

-O^

■164

-0^

•270

-0^

•286

-0^

■227

-0^

■195

-0^

■048

-O^

•160

+0-

•207

+0-

■335

. +0-

■385

+0-

•187

+0-

•l.W

+-0-

■010

-0-

■1S2

-0-

■220

-0-

■210

-0-

■220

-0-

■185

-0-

■013

+0-

■144

+0-

■248

-t-0-

■218

+0-

■050

-fO^

■020

-0^

■080

-0^

■030

-0-

•136

-0^

■284

-0.

■166

-o^

074
077
073
136
120
040
167
269
288
229
192

055'
105:
218
340,
387
188
151
OlOJ
185 1
222
ill!
222

193!
012
156
255
219
050
021
082
033
139
287
166

-I- 356

+ 370

-I- 351

-f- 654

+ 577

- 192

- 803

- 1293

- 1384

- 1101

- 923

- 264
-t- 793
-t- 1048
+ 1634
-f 1860
+ 9&4|
+ 726

- 48!

- 889

- 1067

- 1014

- 1067

- 928
-I- 58
-f- 750
-f- 1226
-1- 1053
+ 240

- 101

- 394

- 159

- 668

- 1380

- 798

2125

1447
1942
2051
2214
2326
2002
1995
1S94
2376
1935
2250

a2306
1723
2166
2290
2164
2274
2324
2409
235S
2299
2262
2264

2053
1521

2024
2446
2358
2393
2370
2428
2411
2393
2362
2212

442
301
404
427
461
484
417
415
.394
494
403
468

480'
358
451
476
450
473
484
501
491
478
471
471'

427'
316
421
509
491
498
493
505
•502
499
491
460

1803
2312
2402

2868

2903

1810

1192

601

992

834

1327

2042
2516
3214
3924
4024
3178
3050
2361
1469
1232
1248
1197

1125
1579
2774
3672
3411

26331

0-548

986

22691

0^472

988

2034

0^423

1029

2252;

0-469

1043

1730!

0-360

1027

982'

0-204

949

1414

0-294

875

375

481
500
597
604
377
248
125
206
174
276

425
523
669

816!
837;
661
635
491
306,
256i
260 1
249,

234
328

577
764
710

942
880
874
932
1018
1062
1062
1075
1057
1066
1025
932

875
813
780
870
1048
1087
1133
1126
1092
1098
1018
919

826
778,
785!
794
983

196
183

182
194!
212,
221
221
224
220
222
213
194

182
169
162
181
218
226
236
234
227
228
212
191

172
162
163

165;
204
205 i
206,
214!
217|
214
197
182

923

1437

1470

1850

1841!

748

117!

456'

741

191

395 j

1167!

17031

2434

3054

2976

2091

1917

1235,

377,

134

230

278

299!
801

19891
2878
2428
1647,
1281
1005
1209

703
33

539

0 192

0299

0 306

0 385

0^383

0 156

0^024

-0^095

-O^OIS

-0040

0 082

0243
0354
0 506
0^635
0619
0 435
0 399
0^257
0^079
0 028
0^048
0^058

0 062
0^167
0^414
0^.599
0^.505
0 343
0-266
0^209
0 252
0^140
0007
0^112

868

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 2.5. — Continued.

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS

Water Levels of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

Lake Michigan-Huron.

T il-A ^+ r-i..:,.

Windmill

Amherst-

ijtiKe 0

I. V laii

Mil-

Harbour

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Equiv-.

alent.

Ft. Depth

Lake

Date

Point.

biirg,

waukee,

Beach,

Harbor Beach.

Ont.,

Mean

of

Month.

Foot
Depth.

Wis.,

Mean

of
Month.

Mich.,

Mean

of

Month.

! First

Mean

Mean

First

of
Month.

of
Montli.

.

Michigan-
Huron.

of
Month.

of
Month.

1863

Jan

576 02

576 09

573-68

+006

-fO-001

582-13

582-36

582-245

582-302

Feb....

6

OS

6

08

3-97

-0

12

-0001

2-18

2-21

2-195

2-220

Mar...

5

96

5

85

3-93

+0

15

+0 002

2-17

216

2-165

2-180

Apr .

6

11

6

37

400

+0

43

+0 005

2-17

2-23

2-20

2 182

May —

i 6

54

6

70

4-27

+0

10

+0-001

2-38

2 -.55

2-465

2-332

June

6

64

6

58

412

-0

05

-0-001

2-47

2-68

2-575

2-520

July...,

6

59

6

60

4-01

-0

01

0-000

2-42

2-59

2-505

2-540

Aug.. .

G

.58

(i

57

3-97

-0

12

-0-001

2-29

2-60

2-445

2-475

Sept

C

46

6

36

3-52

-0

37

-0004

2-11

2-40

2-285

2-365

Oct

6

09

5

82

307

-0

36

-0004

202

2-20

211

2-198

Nov....

5

73

5

64

2-53

-0

14

-0002

1-58

2-16

1-87

1-990

Dec.. .

5

59

5

54

2-62

+0

05

+0001

1-92

1-93

1-925

1-898

1864

Jan

5

64

5

75

2-31

-0

18

-0002

1-09

1-79

1-74

1-832

Feb....

5

46

5

17

2-46

-0

22

-0-002

1-55

1-75

1-65

1-695

Mar. . . .

5

24

5

31

2-69

+0

44

+0 005

1-SO

1-75

1-776

1-712

Apr...

S

68

6

04

3 14

+0

59

+0 007

1-51

1-95

1-73

1-752

May....

6

27

6

50

3-93

+0

33

+0 004

2-02

2-38

2-20

1-965

June

6

60

6

71

3-87

-0

02

0 000

2-01

2-39

2-20

2-200

July....

6

58

6

44

3-62

-0

24

-0003

1-91

2-34

2-125

2- 162

Aug... .

6

34

6

25

3-39

-0

20

-0-002

1-73

2-23

1-98

2-052

Sept....

6

14

6

04

311

-0

36

-0-004

1-46

1-91

1-685

1-832

Oct

5

78

5

51

2-79

-0

32

-0-004

1-07

1-38

1-225

1-455

Nov....

.5

46

5

42

2-49

-0

02

0-000

0-90

1-21

1-055

1-140

Dec. .

5

44

5

47

2-68

+0

64

+0-007

0-77

1-08

0-925

0-990

1S6.5

Jan

4

SO

4

14

2-23

-1

00

-0-011

0-56

0-72

0-64

0-782

Feb....

.3

80

3

45

1-65

+0

02

0-000

0-65

0-81

0-73

0-685

Mar....

3

82

4

18

1-99

+0

96

+0-011

0-82

0-98

0-90

0-815

Apr ... .

4

78

5

38

2-66

+0

90

+0010

1-31

1-47

1-39

1145

May....

5

68

5

97

3-33

+0

32

+0-004

1-47

1-G3

1-55

1-470

June

6

00

6

02

3-30

+0

10

+0-001

1-51

1-07

1-59

1-570

July....

6

10

6

17

3-27

+0

06

+0-001

1-94

2-10

2-02

1-805

Aug

e

16

6

16

3-23

-0

04

0-000

1-96

2-12

2-04

2-030

Sept....

6

12

6

07

313

—0

18

-0-002

1-S4

2-00

1-92

1-980

Oct

5

94

5

82

2-82

-0

35

0-004

1-60

1-76

1-68

1-800

Nbv....

5

59

5

36

2-31

-0

33

-0004

1-04

1-20

1-12

1-400

Dec. . . .

S-26

5-16

0.99

-016

-0-002

0-73

0-89

0-81

0-965

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

869

OF ^

E MICHIGAN-HURON.

Storage in

Outflow

Total Supply

Inflow from

Local SuddIv

Storage

Lake Michigan-

through

to

St.

Harys

to

in

Huron and

Detroit

Lake

R

ver.

Lake

Lake
Michi-
gan-
Huron,

Lakp St flair

j^'lfOf*

Michigan-
Huron.

lUi-«

ligan-
uron

^JCkIJL\i h-/ L • \^JbC*l-l>

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

IVllC

H

■r^ '

Foot
Depth

100

c.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth

100

Foot
Depth

Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

c.f.s.

100

c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

-0082

-0-081

- 389

2153

0-448

1764

0-367

820

0-171

944

0-196

-0040

-0041

— 197

2040

0-424

1843

0

383

785

0-163

1058

0-220

-HO 002

-1-0-004

4- 19

1878

0-391

1897

0

395

746

0 155

1151

0-239

-1-0 150

4-0-155

4- 745

2122

0-441

2867

0

596

750

0-156

2117

0-440

-1-0-188

-1-0-189

4- 909

2307

0-480

3216

0

669

813

0-169

2403

0-500

-t-0-020

4-0019

4- 91

2204

0-458

2295

0

477

799

0-166

1496

0-311

-0 065

-0-065

- 312

2340

0-487

2028

0

422

840

0-175

1188

0-247

-0110

-0-111

- 534

2336

0-486

1802

0

375

986

0-205

816

0-170

-0-167

-0-171

- 822

2363

0-492

1541

0

321

976

0-203

565

0-118

-0-208

—0-212

- 1019

2202

0-458

1183

0

246

937

0-195

246

0-051

-0-092

-0-094

- 452

2263

0-471

1811

0

377

854

0-178

957

0-199

-0 066

—0-065

- 312

2187

.0-455

1875

0

390

817

0-170

1058

0-220

-0-137

-0-139'- 668

02278

0-474

1610

0

335

739

0-154

871

0-181

-1-0-017

-1-0-015 -f- 72

2043

0-425

2115

0

440

686

0-143

1429

0-297

-1-0 040

-1-0-O45 -1- 216

2048

0-426

2264

0

471

702

0-146

1562

0-325

-1-0-213

-1-0-220 -1- 1058

02201

0-458

3259

0

678

702

0 146

2557

0-532

-1-0-235

-1-0-239 -1- 1149

2309

0-4S0

3458

0

719

771

0-160

2687

0-559

-0-038

-0-038 - 183

2453

0-510

2270

0

472

810

0 169

1460

0-304

-0-110

-0113 - 543

2376

0-494

1833

0

381

840

0-175

993

0-207

-0-220

-0-222 - 1067

2341

0-487

1274

0

264

845

0-176

429

0-089

-0-377

-0-381 - 1831

2310

0-481

479

0

100

866

0-180

- 387

-0081

-0-315

-0-319 - 1.533

2121

0-441

588

0

122

806

0-168

- 218

-0045

-0-150

-0-150 - 721

2162

0-450

1441

0

300

760

0-158

681

0-141

-0-208

-0-201 - 966

2133

0-444

1167

0

243

714

0 149

453

0 094

-0-097

-0-108 - 519

1594

0-332

1075

0

224

661

0-138

414

0-086

-f 0-130

4-0-130 4- 625

1446

0-310

2071

0

431

654

0 136

1417

0-295

-1-0-330

4-0-341. 4- 1639

1693

0-352

3332

0

693

624

0 130

2708

0-563

-f 0-325

4-0-335 4- 1610

2092

0-435

3702

0

770

721

0-150

2981

0-620

-f 0-100

4-0- 104

4- 500

2204

0-4.58

2704

0

562

866

0-180

1838

0-382

-1-0-235

4-0-236

4- 1134

2241

0-466

3375

0

702

965

0-201

2410

0-501

-1-0-225

4-0-226

4- 1086

2333

0-485

3419

0

711

1048

0-218

2371

0-493

-0-050

-0-050

- 240

2340

0-487

2100

0

437

1068

0-222

1032

0-215

-0-180

-0-182

- 875

2321

0-483

1446

0

301

1057

0 220

389

0-081

-0-400

—0-404

- 1942

2276

0-473

334

0

069

1009

0-210

- 675

-0-140

-0-435

-0-439

- 2110

2179

0-'453

69

0

014

884

0-184

- 815

-0-170

-0-285

-0-287

- 1380

2087

0-434

707

0

147

801

0-167

- 94

-0-020

I

19a— 59

870

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

T.\BLE 25— Continued.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF J,.\KE

Water Levels of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

Lake Michigan-Huron.

Lake St

r'toii-

. V-/iair

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Wind

mill

\mherst-

Equi-
valent.
Depth

Lake

MU-

Harbour

Date

Point. 1

burg,
Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

waukee.

Wis.,

Mean

of

Month.

Beach,
Mich.,
Mean

of
Month.

Harbour Beach.

First

Mean

Mean

First

of
Month.

of
Month.

Michigan
Huron.

of
Month.

of -.
Month.

1866

1

1
1

Jan

5- 10

503

200

-0-30

-0003

0-47

0-63

0 55

0-680

Feb....

4-80

4-58|

1-84

-018

-00021

0-23

0-39

0-31

0-430

Mar....

4-62

4-66

225

+0-44

+0055

0-28

0-44

0-36

0-335

Apr —

506

5-46

2-78

+0-49

+0005

0-73

0-8S

0 80

0-582

May....

5-55

5-64

3 09

+024

+0-003

0-91

l-07i

0 99

0-898

June

5-79

5-94

3-34

+0-26

+0003

1-20

1.36

1-28

1-135

July....

605

6-16

3-46

+004

0000

1-46

1-62

1-54

1410

Aug

609

6- 02

3-25

-Oil

-0001

1-52

1-68

1-60

1-570

Sept....

5-98

5-93

313

-0 07

-0001

1-37

1-53

1-45

1-525

Oct. . . .

5-91

5-89

311

-010

-0001

1-26

1-42

1-34

1-395

Nov....

5-81

5-73

2-74

-003

0 000

1-17

1-33

1-25

1-295

Dec...

5-78

5-84

2-87

-0-40

-0004

0-91

1-07

0-99

1-120

1867

Jan

5-38

4-91

2-56

+0-55

+0-006

0-89

1-05

0-97

0-980

Feb....

5-93

4-95

2-24

-119

-0013

0-94

1-10

1 02

0-995

Mar....

4,74

4,52

2,26

+0 42

+0 005

112

1-28

1-20

1-110

Apr....

516

5-80

2-93

+0-87

+0010

1-41

1-57

1-49

1-345

May...

603

6-26

3-54

+0-43

+0005

1-63

1-79

1-71

1-600

June

6,46

6-65

3-84

010

+0001

1-94

2-10

2-02

1-865

July....

6-56

6-47

3-66

-013

-0001

2-09

2-25

2- 17

2-095

Aug. . . .

6-43

6-39

3-39

-0-23

-0 003

2-02

2-18

210

2-135

Sept. . .

6-20

600

2-94

-0-40

-0004

1-75

1-91

183

1-965

Oct

5-80

5-61

2-59

-0-44

-0005

1-42

1-58

1-50

1-665

Nov....

5-36

5-12

1-96

-0-33

-0004

0-96

1-04

1-12

1-270

Dec.

503

4-94

1-86

-012

-0001

0-61

0-77

0-69

0-865

1868

Jan

4-91

4-88

1-64

-0-56

-0006

0-45

0-61

0-53

0-610

Feb....

4-35

3-82

1-26

+013

+0 001

0-41

0-57

0-59

0-510

Mar....

4-48

51-3

1-87

+0-78

+0 009

109

1-25

117

0-830

.4pr. . . .

5-26

5-38

2-65

+0-38

+0 004

0-99

1-15

107

1-120

May...

5-64

5-90

319

+0-42

+0 005

1-27

1-43

1-35

1-210

June

606

6-22

3-67

+0 10

+0001

1-48

1-64

1-56

1-455

July....

6- 16

6-U

3-55

-0-22

— 0022

1-51

1-67

1-59

1-575

Aug

5-94

5-78

307

-0-28

-0 003

1-17

1-33

1-25

1-420

Sept... .

5-66

5-53

2-74

-0-34

-0004

0-93

1-09

1 01

1-130

Oct

5-32

5-11

2-28

-0-34

-0004

0-70

0-86

0-78

0-895

Nov....

4-98

4-85

1-99

-018

-0-002

0-63

0-79

0-71

0-745

Dec.

4-80

4-76

1-90

-0-21

-0-002

0-35

0-51

0-43

0-570

1869

Jan

4. 59

4-42

1-87

-0-35

-0-004

0-25

0-41

0-33

0-3S0

Feb....

4-24

406

1-80

-007

-0-001

0-32

0-48

0-40

0-365

Mar...

4,17

4,28

2,30

+0,51

+0-006

0-06

0-22

014

0-270

Apr...

4-68

509

2-55

+0-49

+0 005

0-43

0-59

0-51

i 0-325

May....

517

5-25

319

+0-36

+0-004

0-76

0-92

0-84

1 0-675

June

5-53

5-81

3-57

+0-50

+0006

1-29

1-45

1-37

1105

July....

603

6-25

3-86

+0-23

+0-003

1-67

1-83

1-75

: 1-560

Aug

6-26

6-26

3-80

-0-12

-0001

1-93

2-09

201

1 880

Sept....

6- 14

603

3-47

-0-34

-0004

1-82

1-98

1-90

1-955

Oct

5-80

5-58

3- 01

-0-36

-0004

1-46

1-62

1-54

1,720

Nov....

5-44

5 -.30

0.49

0-00

0000

1-34

1-50

1-42

1-480

Dec.

5-44

5-59

2-89

+0-56

+ 0-006

1

1 06

1

1-22

1-14

1-280

a. — St. Clair River discharge used

INTERNATIONAL WATERWATS COMMISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. Wa

871

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage in

Outflow

Total Supply

Tnflf^'" f*-" —

Local Supply

Storage

Lake Michigan-

through

to

inu(

St.
R

Marj-s

to

in

Huron and

Detroit

Lake

Lake

Lake

Lake St

Clair.

River.

Michigan-

iver.

ilichigan-

Michi-
gan-
Huron,

Huron.

Huron

Foot

Foot

Foot

Depth

100
c.f.s.

100

c.f.s.

Depth

100
c.f.s.

Depth

Foot
Depth

Uke

Lake

100

Foot

Lake

100

Foot

Michigan

Michigan-

c.f.s.

Depth.

Michigan-

c.f.s.

Depth.

Huron.

Huron.

Huron.

-0-250

-0-253

-1216

a2026

0-421

810

0-169

723

0-150

87

0-018

-0095

-0097

- 466

1928

0-401

1462

0-304

670

0-139

792

0-16S

-I-0-247

+0-252

+ 1211

1850

0-385

3061

0-637

670

0-139

2391

0-497

-i-0-316

+0-321

+1543

01964

0-409

3507

0-729

769

0-160

2738

0-570

+0-237

+0-240

+1154

2098

0-436

3252

0-677

859

0-179

2393

0-498

+0-275

+0-278

+1336

2183

0-454

3519

0-732

907

0-189

2216

01543

+0160

+0-160

+ 769

2268

0-472

3037

0-632

983

0-204

2054

0-427

-0-W5

-0-046

- 221

2256

0-469

2055

0-423

1038

0-216

997

0-209

-0130

-0131

- 630

2243

0-457

1613

0-336

962

0-200

.551

0.135

-0-100

-0-101

- 486

2228

0-463

1742

0-362

967

0-201

775

0 161

-0-175

-0-175

- 841

2295

0-477

1454

0-302

889

0-185

565

0-118

-0-140

-0144

- 692

2272

0-473

1580

0-329

903

0-188

677

0-141

+0-015

+0 021

+ 101

1881

0-391

1982

0-412

829

0-172

1153

0-240

+0-115

+0-102

+ 490

1996

0-415

2486

0-517

799

0-166

1687

0-351

+0-235

+0-240

+1154

1641

0-341

2795

0-581

755

0-157

2040

0-424

+0-255

+0-265

+ 1274

02118

0-441

3392

0-706

801

0-167

2591

0-539

+0-265

+0-270

+1298

2299

0-478

3597

0-748

834

0-173

2763

0-575

+0-230

+ 0-231

+1110

2427

0-505

3537

0-736

976

9-203

2561

0-533

+0 040

+0-039

+ 187

2381

0-495

2568

0-534

1062

0-221

1506

0-313

-0-170

-0-173

- 832

2420

0-503

1588

0-330

1036

0-216

552

0-115

-0-300

-0-304

-1461

2337

0-486

876

0-182

1041

0-217

+ 165

-0-034

-0-395

-0-400

-1923

2231

0-464

308

0-064

1036

0-216

- 728

-0-151

-0-405

-0-409

-1966

2154

0-448

188

0039

935

0-195

- 747

-0-155

-0-255

-0-256

-1231

2093

0-435

862

0 179

850

0-177

12

0002

-0 100

-0-106

- 501

o2042

0-425

1532

0-319

801

0-167

731

0152

+0-320

+0-321

-1543!

1733

0-361

3276

0-682

661

0,138

2615

0,544

+0-290

+0-299

+ 1437

2179

0-453

3616

0-752

744

0-155

2872

0-597

+0 090

+0-094

+ 452

2095

0-436

8547

0-530

783

0-163

1764

0-367

+0-245

+0-250

+ 1202

2209

0-460

3411

0-710

907

0-189

2504

0-521

+0120

+0-121

+ 582

2266

0-471

2848

O-592I

891

0-185

1957

0 407

-0155

-0157

- 755

2211

0,460

1456

0-303

951

01198

505

0 105

-0-290

-0-293

-14081

2180

0-454

772

0-16li

935

0-195

- 163

-0034

-0-235

-0-239

-11491

2146

0-446

997

0-207

951

0-198

46

0-010

-0150

-0-154

- 740

2064

0-429

1324

0-275,

944

0-196

380

0-079

-0-175

-0-177

- 851

2016

0-419

1165

0-242i

979

0-204

186

0-039

-0-190

-0-192

- 923

1998

0-416

1075

O-224I

868

0 181

207

0 043

-0-015:

-0-019i

- 91

1844

0-384

1753

0-365:

806

0-168

947

0-197

-0-095!

-0-096i

- 461

1692

0-352

1231

0-256

746

0155

485

0-101

+00551

+0-061i

+ 293

16071

0-334

1900

0-395'

642

0-134

1258

0-262

+0-350

+0-355;

+1706:

1976

0-411

3682

0-766;

771

0-1601

2911

0-606

+0-430'

-0-434|

+2086 j

1848

0-384

3934

0-818

896

0-186

3038

0-632

+0-455

+0-461

+2216

2030

0-422

4246

0-883,

903

0-188

3343

0-695

+0-320

+0-323'

1553

2184

0,454

3737

0-777'

997 i

0-207

2740

0-570

+0-075

+0-074:

+ 356

2211

0-460

2567

0-534

1105'

0-230

1462

0-304

-0-235,

-0-239

-1149

2192

0-456

1043

0-217

12871

0-268

- 244

-0 051

-0-240

-0-244

-1173

2091

0-435

918

0-191

1168'

0-243

- 250

-0-052

-0-200

-0-200

- 961

2121

0-441

1160

0-241

1087

0-226

73

0-015

-0 110

-0 104

- 500

2133

0-444

1633

0-340

926;

0 193

707

0 147

19a— .591

872

DEPARTMENT OF Pi'HLIC WURK8

T.\BLE 25 — Continued.

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE

Water Levels of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

it

Lake Michigan

-Huron.

Lake St

.Clair

ATooTi \TiIa.'aiilf tKi

Date

Wind

mill '

Amherst-

Equiv-
alent.

Depth
Lake

Mil-

Harbor

and

Point. !

burg,

waukee,

Beach,

Harbor Beach.

Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

Wis.,
Mean

of
Month.

Mich.,
Mean

of
Month.

First

Mean

Mean

First

of
Month.

of
Month.

Michigan
Huron.

of
Month.

of
Month.

187U
Jan

576-00

576-40

573-11

-0-20

-0-002

581-12

581-28

581-20

581 170

Feb. . . .

580

5-19

3-34

-0-60

-0-007

.1-21

1-37

1-29

1-245

Mar...

5-20

5-22

3-13

+0-47

+0-005

1-51

1-67

1-59

1-440

Apr . . .

5-67

612

3-73

+0-66

+0-007

1-93

2-09

2-01

1-800

May

6-33

6-54

4-03

+0-25

+0-003

2-27

2-43

2-35

2-180

June ...

6-58

6-61

3-99

+0-13

+0-001

2-41

2-57

2-49

2-420

July.. .

6-71

6-81

4-04

+0-07

+0-001

2-52

2-68

2-60

2-545

Aug.. . .

6-78

6-76

4-03

-0-16

-0-002

2-43

2-59

2-51

2-555

Sept....

6-62

6-49

3-72

-0-35

-0-004

2-57

2-73

2-65

2-580

Oct

6-27

6-05

3-33

-0-34

-0-004

2-17

2-33

2-25

2-450

Nov

5-93

6-81

2-90

-0-15

-0-002

1-77

1-93

1-85

2-050

Dec. .

5-78

5-74

2-90

-0-25

-0003

1-42

1-58

1-50

1-675

1871

Jan

5-53

5-32

2-67

-0-68

-0 008

1-57

1-73

1-65

1-575

Feb....

4-85

4-38

2-34

+0-39

+0004

1-49

1-85

1-57

1-610

Mar. . . .

5-24

6-10

2-81

+0-92

+0-010

2-09

2-25

2-17

1-870

Apr. . . .

6- 16

6-22

3-24

+0-21

+0-002

2-29

2-45

2-37

2-270

May

6-37

6-52

3-60

+0-19

+0-002

2-64

2-80

2-72

2-545

June

«-56

6-59

3-62

+0-03

0-000

2-68

2-84

2-76

2-740

July...

6-59

6-59

3-61

-0-09

-0-001

2-71

2-87

2-79

2-775

Aug. . . .

6-50

6-41

3-44

-0-24

-0 003

2-48

2-56

2-52

2-655

Sept....

6-26

6-11

3-21

-0-46

-0-005

1-81

2-24

2-025

2-272

Oct

5-80

5-49

2-53

-0-40

-0-044

1-12

1-74

1-43

1-728

Nov....

5-40

5-30

2-22

-0-02

otooo

1-07

1-53

1-30

1-365

Dec. ..

5-38

5-47

1-90

-0-30

-0-003

0-48

1-16

0-82

1060

1872

Jan

508

4-70

1-80

-0-40

-0-004

0-35

0-99

0-67

0-745

Feb....

4-68

4-56

1-56

-0-16

-0-002

0-35

0-79

0-57

0-620

Mar....

4-52

4 40

1-49

+010

+0001

0-13

0-29

0-21

0-390

Apr

4-62

4-84

1-64

+0-36

0-004

0-38

0-71

0-545

0-378

May ..

4-98

5-12

2-17

+0-36

+0-004

0-63

1-11

0-87

0-708

June . .

5-34

5-55

2-53

+0 06

+0-001

1-00

1-51

1-255

1-062

July. .

5-40

5-24

2-53

-0-08

-0-001

1-03

1-61

1-32

1-288

Aug . .

5-32

5-39

2-54

-0-02

0-000

1-01

1-58

1-295

1-308

Sept....

5-30

5-22

2-25

-0-11

-0001

0-94

1-48

1-21

1-252

Oct

519

5-16

2-07

-0-28

-0-003

0-82

1-36

1-09

1-150

Nov...,

4-91

4-66

1-61

-0-30

-0-033

0-53

1-06

0-795

0-942

Dec.

4-61

4-56

1-50

-0-31

-0-003

579-87

0-77

0-32

0-558

1873

Jan.

4-30

4-03

1-38

-0-12

-0-001

9-87

0-60

0-235

0-278

Feb....

4-18

4-32

1-39

+0-32

+0-004

9-91

0-57

0-24

0-238

Mar....

4,50

4.69

1-48

+0-65

+0-007

.580-22

0-64

0-43

0-335

April. .

515

5-61

2-71

+0-50

+0-00G

0-79

1-05

0-92

0-675

May....

5-65

5-69

3-47

+0-18

+0-002

1-35

1-55

1-45

1-185

June

5-83

5-97

3-54

+0-19

+0-002

1-98

1-95

1-965

1-708

July...

602

6-07

3-53

+0-05

+0-001

1-94

2-15

2-045

2-005

Aug. . . .

607

6-07

3-51

-0-13

-0-001

2-04

2-16

2-10

2-072

Sept....

594

5-81

3-05

-0-28

-0-003

1-85

1-99

1-92

2-010

Oct

5-66

5-52

2-74

-0-24

-0-003

1-79

1-96

1-875

1-898

Nov....

5-42

5-32

2-41

-0-02

0-000

1-56

1-86

1-71

1-792

Dec. . .

5-40

5-47

2-90

-0-34

-0004

1-52

1-70

1-61

1-660

n'TERXATlONAL WATERM'ATS COMiJISiHON
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

873

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

!

Storage in

Outflow

Total

Inflov

• from

Local Supplu

Lake Michigan

through

Supply to

St. Mary.s

to

Storage

Huron

and

Detroit

La

ke

River.

Lake

in

Lake St

Clair

River.

Micl

igan-

Mich

igan-

Lake

Huron.

Hu

ron.

Michi-
gan-
Huron.

Ft.
Depth

100
c.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Ft.
Depth

100

Ft.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron

Foot

Lake

Lake

100

Ft.

c.f.s.

100

Ft.

Depth.

Michigan

Michigan

c.f.s.

Depth

c.f.s.

Depth.

Huron.

Huron.

+0 075

+0 073

+ 351

a2021

0|420

2372

0-493

1

1

856

0-178

1516

0-315

+0 195

+0-188

+ 904

1757

01366

2661

0-554

804

0-167

1857

0-386

+0-360

+0-365

+ 1755

1853

0-385

3608

0-751

806

0 168

2802

0-583

+0-380

+0-387

+ 1860

2154

0-448

4014

0-835

824

0-171

3190

0-664

+0-240

+0-243

+ 1168

2212

0-460

3380

0-703

932

0194

2448

0-509

+0125

+0-126;

+ 606

2354

0-490

2960

0-616

893

0-186

2067

0-430

+0-010

+0-001

+ 53

2456

0-511

2509

0-522

946

0-197

1563

0-325

+0-025

+0-023

+ 111

2431

0-506

2542

0-529

949

0-197

1593

0-331

-0-130

-0-134

- 644

2373

0-494

1729

0-360

974

0-203

755

0 157

-0-400

-0-404

-1942

2248

0-468

306

0-064

937

0-195

- 631

-0131

-0-375

-0-377

-1812

2248

0-468

436

0-091

893

0-186

- 457

-0 095

-0-100

-0103

- 495

2210

0-460

1715

0-357

668

0-139

1047

0-218

+0-035

+0-027

+ 1.30

2059

0-428

2189

0455

744

0-155

1445

0-301

+0-260

+0-264

+ 1269

1679

0-349

2948

0-613

707

0-147

2241

0-466

+0-400

+0-410

+ 1971

02257

0-470

4228

0-880

644

0-134

3584

0-746

+0-275

+0-277

+ 1332

2370

0-493

3702

0-770

677

0-141

3025

0-629

+0-195

+0-197

+ 947

2429

0-505

3376

0-702

808

0-168

2568

0-534

+0-035

+0-035

+ 168

2463

0-512

2631

0-547

903

0-188

1728

0-359

-0-120

-0-121

- 582

2466

0-513

1884

0-392

944

0-196

940

0-196

-0-383

-0-386

-1856

2415

0-502

559

0-116

926

0 192

- 367

-0 076

-0-544

-0-549

-2639

2319

0-482

- 320

-0-067

937

0 195

-1257

-0-261

-0-363

-0-367

+ 1764

2186

0-455

422

0-088

891

0 185

- 469

-0-098

-0-305

-0-305

-1466

2174

0-452

708

0-147

840

0-175

- 132

-0-027

-0-315

-0-318

-1529

2334

0-486

805

0-167

750

0-156

55

0-011

-0125

-0-129

- 620

1995

0-415

1375

0-286

693

0-144

682

0 142

-0-230

-0-232

-1115

2032

0-423

917

0-191

674

0-140

243

0-051

-0-012

-0011

- 53

1936

0-403

1883

0-392

619

0-129

1264

0-263

+0-330

+0-334

+ 1606

01996

0-415

3602

0-749

610

0-127

2992

0-622

+0-354

+0-358

+ 1721

2100

0-437

3821

0-795

815

0 170

3006

0-625

+0-226

+0-227

+ 1091

2217

0-461

3308

0-688

854

0-178

2454

0-511

+0-020

+0-019

+ 91

2059

0-428

2150

0-447

946

0-197

1204

0-250

-0056

-0-056

- 269

2132

0-444

1863

0-388

1020

0-212

843

0175

-0102

-0-103

- 495

2126

0-442

1631

0-339

1036

0-216

595

0-124

-0-208

-0-211

-1014

2146

0-446

1132

0-235

1002

0-208

130

0 027

-0-384

-0-387

-1800

2024

0-421

164

0 034

967

0-201

- 803

-0-167

-0-280

-0-283

-1360

2005

0-417

645

0-134

863

0-180

- 218

-0-045

-0-040

-0-041

- 197

1796

0-374

1599

0-333

771

0 160

828

0172

+0-097

+0101

+ 485

1924

O-4O0

2410

0-501

732

0-152

167

0349

+0-340

+0-347

+ 1668

2069

O-430

3737

0-777

737

0-153

3000

0 624

+0-510

+0-516

+2480

1991

0-414

4471

0-930

741

0-154

3730

0-776

+0-523

+0-525

+2524

2997

0-4IS

4521

0-940

870

0-181

3651

' 0-759

+0-297

+0-299

+ 1437

2133

0-444

3770

0-743

900

0-187

2670

0-555

+0067

+0-068

+ 327

2195

0-457

2522

0-525

1002

0-208

1520

0-316

-0 062

-0063

- 303

2201

0-456

1898

0-395

1059

0-220

839

0175

-0112

-0115

- 553

2202

0-45S

1649

0-343

1075

0-224

574

0-119

— 0106

-0-109

- 524

2141

0-44E

1617

0-336

1048

0-218

569

0-119

-0-132

-0132

- 635

2134

0-444

1499

0-312

1 997

0-207

502

0 104

-0055

-0-059

- 284

2067

0-43(

1783

0-371

j 942

0-196

i '''

0 175

874

Table 25 — Continued.

I},-TERXATWyAL WATESWATS COilillSSIOy

3 GEORGE V, A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF L.VKE

Water Levels of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit Riv

er.

in

Lake Michigan-Huron.

T uhe- fi* /"'I".'-

Wind

mUl

.\mherst-

ij<iKe c

b. \^iai±

Mil-

Harbour

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Equiv-
alent.
Ft.Dept.
Lake

Date

rOiiii.

burg,

waukee,

Beach,

Harbour Beach.

Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

Wis.,

Mean

of
Month.

Mich.,
Mean

of
Month.

First

Mean

Mean

First

of
Month.

of

Month.

Michigan-
Huron.

of
Month.

of
Month.

1874
JaD

506

4-66

3-27

-0-69

-0008

1-48

1-72

1-60

1-605

Feb....

4-37

408

3-32

+0-44

+0-005

1-77

1-86

1-815

1-708

Mar....

4-81

5-54

3-37

+0-86

+0010

1-92

2-00

1-96

1-888

Apr....

5-67

5-80

3-49

+0-14

+0-003

1-82

1-85

1-835

1-S9.S

May....

5-81

5-82

3-67

+0-12

+0-001

1-80

1-90

1-85

1-842

June....

5-93

604

3-73

+0-17

+0-002

2-17

2-24

2-205

2-028

July....

610

617

3-77

+0-03

0000

210

2-40

2-25

2-228

Aug

6- 13

609

3-65

-0-16

-0-002

211

2-29

2-20

2-225

Sept....

5-97

5-85

3-13

-0-26

-0-003

1-86

2-11

1-985

2-092

Oct

5-71

5-57

2-68

-0-29

-0-003

1-51

1-84

1-675

1-830

Nov....

5-42

5-27

2-13

-0-34

-0-004

1-31

1-30

1-305

1-490

Dec...

508

4-90

2-04

-0-27

-0-003

0-97

1-45

1-21

1-258

1875

Jan

4-81

4-72

1-79

-0-09

-0-001

0-77

1-16

0-965

1-OSS

Feb....

4-72

4-71

1-62

+0-08

+0-001

0-70

110

0-90

0-932

Mar....

4-80

4-90

1-78

+0-12

+0-001

0-76

1-14

0-95

0-925

Apr

4-92

4-95

2-13

+0-34

+0-004

1-12

1-33

1-225

1-088

May....

5-26

5-58

2-69

+0-41

+0-005

1-68

1-68

1-68

1-452

June...

5-67

5-76

311

+0-19

+0002

1-92

1-99

1-955

1-81S

July....

5-86

5-95

3-25

+0-06

+0-001

1-89

2-18

2-035

1-995

Aug

5-92

5-89

3-28

-0-12

-0-001

2-06

2-15

2-105

2-070

Sept....

5-80

5-71

3-08

-0-20

-0-002

1-99

2-19

2-09

2098

Oct....

5-60

5-50

2-58

-0 20

-0002

1-84

200

1-92

2-005

Nov....

5-40

5-31

2-30

-0-17

-0-002

1-63

1-89

1-76

1-840

Dec...

5-23

5 15

2-64

-0-02

0000

1-44

1-62

1-53

1-645

1876

Jan

5-21

5-27

2-58

-0 31

+0-003

1-39

1-74

1-565

1-548

Feb....

5-52

5-78

3-14

+0-66

+0-007

1-59

1-72

1-655

1-610

Mar.. .

618

6-59

3-81

+0-42

+0-005

1-92

1-85

1-885

1-770

Apr....

6-60

6-60

4-28

-0-08

-0-001

2-12

2-13

2-125

2-005

May....

6-52

6-43

4-69

+0-36

+0-004

2-74

2-73

2-735

2-430

June....

6-88

7-33

4-79

+0-51

+0-006

3-15

3-22

3 185

2-960

July....

7-39

7-45

4-69

-0-02

0-000

3-49

3-66

3-575

3-380

Aug

7-37

7-29

4-43

-0-33

-0-004

3-42

3-60

3 51

3-542

Sept....

704

6-79

4-20

-0-44

-0-005

3-37

3-49

3-43

3-470

Oct

6-60

6-42

3-66

-0-24

-0-003

2-79

3-09

2-94

3-185

Nov....

6-36

6 30

3-61

+0-34

+0-004

2-89

2-94

2-915

2 -928

Dec

6-70

709

3-39

+0-14

+0-002

2-42

2-75

2-585

2-750

1877

Jan

576-84

576-59

572-97

-0-95

-0-011

582-28

582-46

582-37

582-478

Feb....

5-89

5-19

2-81

-1-33

-0 015

2-29

2-45

2-37

2-370

Mar....

4-56

3-94

2-60

-0-12

-0-001

2-29

2-38

2-335

2-352

Apr

4-44

4-94

2-98

+0-66

+0-007

2-67

2-46

2-565

2-450

May....

5- 10

5-25

3-32

+0-57

+0-006!

2-56

2-63

2-595

2-580

June

5-67

6-09

3-39

+0-53

+0-006

2-63

2-59

2-61

2-602

July....

6-20

6-30

3-64

+0-06

+0001

2-60

2-77

2-685

2-684

Aug —

6-26

6-22

3-54

-0-18

-0-002

2-48

2-67i

2-575

2-630

Sept....

60S

5-94

3-40

-0-20

-0002

2-27

2-40

2-335

2-455

Oct

5-S8

5-83

2-99

0-00

0-000

2-28

2-26

2-27

2-302

Nov....

5-88

5-94

2-78

-0-08

-0001

2-16

2-21

2-185

2-228

Dec...

5-80

5-67

2-98

-0-20

-0002

1

210

216

213

2-158

o. — St. Clair River discharge used.

INTEHyATWNAL WATERWAYS OOMMISSWS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

875

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage in

Outflow

Total Supply

Inflow from

Local Supply

Storage

Lake Michigan

through

to

St. Marys

to

in

Huron and

Detroit

La

ke

River.

Lake

Lake

Lake St.

Clair.

River.

Michigan-

Michigan-

Michi-

Huron.

Huron

Foot
Depth

100
c.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth

100

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

gan-
Huron,

Foot
Depth

Lake :
Michigan
Huron. 1

Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

c.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

+0 103

+0-095

+ 457

1470

0-306

1927

0-401

815

0-170

1112

0231

+0.1.SO

+0-185

+ 889

10.53

0-219

1942

0-404

778

0-162

1164

0-242

+0010

+0-020

+ 96

1947

0-405

2043

0-425

753

0 157

1290

0-268

-00.51)

-0-054

- 260

2053

0-427

1793

0-373

725

0-151

1068

0-222

+oi.sr)

+0-187

+ 899

1998

0-416

2897

0-603

822

0-171

2075

0-432

+0.200

+0-202

+ 971

2106

0-438

3077

0-640

921

0192

2156

0-449

-0 00.3

-0-003

- 14

2168

0-451

2154

0-448

1006

0-209

1148

0-2.39

-0133

-01.35

- 649

2164

0-450

1515

0-315

1020

0-212

495

0-103

—0-262

-0-265

-1274

2200

0-4.58

926

0-193

1016

0-211

- 90

-0-019

-0-340

-0-343

-1649

2185

0-455

536

0-112

1045

0-217

- 509

-0106

-0-232

-0-236

-11.34

2183

0-454

1049

0-218

995

0-207

54

0-011

-0 170

-0-173

- 832

2027

0-422

1195

0-249

972

0-202

223

0-046

-01.56

-0-1.57

- 755

2008

0-418

1253

0-261

866

0 180

387

0-asi

-0007

-0-006

- 29

2045

0-425

2016

0-419

808

0-168

1208

0-251

+0-163

+0-164

+ 788

2093

0-435

2881

0-599

799

0-166

2082

0-433

+0-364

+0-.368

+ 1769

2027

0-422

3796

0-790

856

0-178

2940

0-612

+0-.366

+0-371

+ 1783

2187

0-455

3970

0-826

928

0-193

3042

0-633

+0-177

+0-179

+ 860

2157

0-449

3017

0-628

997

0-207

2020

0-420

+0-075

+0-076

+ 365

2218

0-461

2583

0-537

1016

0-211

1567

0-326

+0-02,S

+0027

+ 130

2175

0-452

2305

0-480

1020

0-212

1285

0-267

-0-093

-0-095

- 457

2140

0445

1683

0-350

1085

0-226

598

0-124

-016.5

-0167

- 803

2177

0-453

1374

0-2S6

1055

0-219

319

0-066

-0 19.5

-0197

- 947

2158

0-449

1211

0-252

990

0-206

221

0-046

-0097

-0097

- 466

1980

0-412

1514

0-315

861

0-179

653

0 136

+0-062

+0 065

+ 312

2060

0-429

2372

0-493

854

0-178

1518

0-316

+0-160

+0-167

+ 803

2160

0-449

2963

0-616

843

0-175

2120

0-441

+0-23.5

+0-240

+ 1154

02188

0-455

3342

0-695

783

0-163

2559

0-532

+0.425

+0-424

+2038

2240

0-466

4278

0-890

792

0 165

3486

0-725

+0,530

+0-534

+2567

19.55

0-407

4522

0-941

958

0 199

3564

0-741

+0-420

+0-426

+2048

2511

0-522

4559

0-948

1092

0-227

3467

0-721

+0-162

+0-162

+ 779

2627

0-546

3046

0-709

1200

0-250

2206

0-459

-0072

-0-076

- 365

2618

0-545

2253

0-469

1211

0-252

1041

0-217

-0-285

-0-290

-1394

2389

0-497

995

0207

1218

0-253

- 223

-0-O46

-0257

-0-260

-1250

2352

0-489

1102

0-229

1142

0-238

- 40

-0-008

-0178

-0-174

- 836

2300

0-478

1464

0-305

1078

0-224

386

0-080

-0.272

-0-270

-1298

02283

0-475

985

0-205

965

0-201

20

0-005

-O-IOS

-0-119

- 572

02371

0-493

1799

0-374

898

0-187

901

0-187

-0-ois

-0-033

- 159

1947

0-405

1 1788

0-372

905

0-188

883

0-184

+0.09,S

+0-097

+ 466

1342

0-279

1 1808

0-376

877

0-182

931

0-194

+0-1.30

+0-137

+ 659

1753

0365

2412

0-502

850

0-177

1562

0-325

+0-022

+0-028

+ 135

1799

0-374

I 1934

0-402

850

0 177

1084

0-226

+0-040

+0-052

+ 250

2251

0-468

i 2501

0-520

900

0-187

1601

0-333

-0-OlS

-0-017

- 82

2290

0-476

' 2208

0-4.59

976

0-203

1232

0-256

-0-175

-0-177

- 851

2277

0-474

1426

0-297

1004

0-209

422

0-088

-0-1.53

-0-155

- 745

2164

0-450

1419

0-295

949

0-197

470

0-098

-0-074

-0-074

- 356

0032

0-464

1876

0-390

1 958

1 0-199

918

0-191

-0070

-0071

- 341

1943

0-404

1602

0-333

903

0-188

699

0 145

-0-083

-0-085

- 409

2149

0-447

, 1740

0-362

866

0-180

874

0 182

876

DEPARTilEXT OF ITBhW WORKS

Table 25— Continued.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE

Water Levels of
Detroit River.

Date

Windmill
Point.

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month .

Amherst-
burg,
Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Storage

in

Lake St. Clair

Foot
Depth.

Equiv-
alent.

t. Depte
Lake

Michigan
Huron.

Water Levels of
Lake Michigan-Huron.

Mil-
waukee,
Wis.,
Mean

of
Month.

Harbor

Beach,

Mich.,

Mean

of

Month.

Mean, Milwaukee

and

Harbor Beach.

Mean

of
Month.

First

of
Month.

1878

Jan

Feb...
Mar. . .
Apr. . .
May. . .
June...
July...
Aug...
Sept...
Oct....
Nov. . .
Dec...

1879

Jan

Feb...
Mar. . .
Apr. . .
May...
June...
July...
Aug...
Sept...
Oct....
Nov. . .
Dec...

1880
Jan . . .
Feb...
Mar...
Apr . . .
May...
June...
July...
Aug...
Sept.. .
Oct....
Nov...
Dec...

1881

Jan

Feb...

Mar...

Apr. . .

May...

Jane...

July...

Aug....

Sept..

Oct....

Nov...

Dec.

5-60
5-10
4-761
5-54'
6-32
6-46
6-53
6-53.
6-30
600
5-72
5-40

503

SO

54

20

46

57

74

68

5-47

5-20

4-88

4-80

501
4-94
4-79
5-30
5-52
5-84
6-00
600
5-91
5-58
5-30
5-25

5-02
4-46
4-74
5-08
5-61
5-96
6-10
6-04
5-90
5-70
5-64
5 74

5-53
4-67
486
6-21
6-43
6-49
6-57
6-49
6-12
5-89
5-55
5-25

4-81

18
90
49
43
71
78
58
36
03
72
4-89

5-13
4-74
5-20
5-40
5-64
6-04
5-96
6-05
5-77
5-39
5-21
5-821

4-21
4-72
4-761
5-41
5-81
612
6-09
5-98
5-82
5-58
5-70
5-77

3-04
3-18

2-73
2-59
2-64
2-95
3- 19
3-27
3-31
3-13
2-74
2-50
1-90
2-28

76

80

96

07

43

53

63

43

3-14

2-69

2-48

2-26

1-83

1-94

2-28

2-93

3-42

3 65

3'61

3-33

2-92

2-86

2-55'

2S

-0-50
-0-331
-(-0-781
-1-0-78
-fO-14
-1-0-07!
000
-0-23
-0-30
-0-28
-0-32
-0-37

-0-53

-1-004
-F0-66i
-I-0-26
-t-0-11
+0-17!
-0-06
-0-21
-0-27
-0-32
-008
-I-0-21

-007
-1-0 03
4-0-33
-1-0 -22
-1-0 -32
-I-016
0-00
-0-09
-0-33
-0-28
-1-0-22
-0-50

-0-56
-1-0-28
-1-0-34
-fO-53
-fO-35
-t-0-14
-0-06
-014
-0-20
-0-06
4-010
4-015

-0-006'

l-<

-0004

l-<

4-0 009

2-

4-0 009

2-

4-0002

2-,

4-0001

2-,

0000

2-

-0 003

2-

-0003

2-

-0003

1 .

-0004

-0004

-0-006

0 000

4-0 007

4-0 003

4-0 001

4-0-002

-0-001

-0002

-0003

-0004

0-

-0001

0-

4-0002

0-

-0-001

0-

0-000

0

4-0-004

0-

4-0 002

0-

4-0004

1-

4-0-002

1-

0000

1-

-0001

o.

-0004

1-

-0-003

1

4-0-002

1-

-0-006

0-

-0006

0-

4-0 003

1-

4-0004

1-

4-0-006

1-

4-0-004

1-

4-0-002

0.

-0-001

2.

-0002

2-

-0-002

1-

-0-001

2-

4-0-001

1-

4-0-002

1

2-D2

1-90

2-065

2-04

2-39

2-545

2-57

2-36

2115

3 065

1-905

1-645

1-34

1-225

1-225

1-235

1-365

1-47

1-535

1-375

1-275

1-045

0-875

0-88

0-925

0-85

0-865

0-955

1-325

1-825

2-09

2-05

1-845

1-495

1-275

1-09

1-03
1-33
1-48

1-445
1-86
2-06
2-12

2 035
1-84
2-13
2-11

1 975

075
960

982
052
215
465
558
465
238
090
985
775

492

282
225
230
300
418
502
455
325
160
960
878

902
888
858
910
140
575
958
070
948
670
385
182

060
180
405
462
652
960
090
078
938
985
120
042

I

INTERNATIONA r. WATERWAYS COMMISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

877

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage in

Ou

tflo-w

Total Supply

Inflow from

Local SuddIv

Storage

Lake Michigan-

th

ough

to

St.

Uarvs

to

in

Huron

and

Detroit

Lake

River.

Lake

Lake

Lake St

Clair.

R

ver.

Michigan-
Huron.

Mic
H

liigan-

Michi-
gan-

Foot

uron

Foot

Foot

Huron,

Depth

100

c.f.s.

100

c.f.s.

Depth

100

Depth

Foot
Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

100-
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

c.f.s.

Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

-0-115

-0-121

- 582

2054

0-427

1472

0-306

815

0-170

657

0-137

+0 022

4-0-018

4- 87

1518

0-316

1605

0-334

755

0-157

850

0-177

-1-0 -070

4-0-079

4- 380

1566

0-326

1946

0-405

732

0-152

1214

0-253

-HO- 163

4-0-172

4- 827

2217

0-461

3044

0-633

728

0-151

2316

0-482

-)-0-253

4-0-255

4-1226

2231

0-464

3457

0-719

792

0-165

2665

0-554

4-0 090

4-0-091

4- 437

2271

0-472

2708

0-563

852

0-177

1856

0-386

-0-093

-0-093

- 447

2316

0-482

1869

0-389

877

0-182

992

0-206

-0-227

-0-2.30

-1106

2330

0-485

1224

0-255

868

0-181

356

0-074

-0-148

-0-151

- 726

2178

0-453

1452

0-302

801

0-167

651

0-135

-0-105

-0-108

- 519

2168

0-451

1649

0-343

826

0-172

823

0-171

-0-210

-0-214

-1029

2088

0-434

1059

0-220

808

0-168

251

0-052

-0-2«3

-0-287

-1380

1855

0-386

475

0-099

757

0-157

-282

-0-059

-0-210

-0-216

-1038

1771

■ 0-368

733

0-152

665

0-1.38

68

0-014

-0-057

-0-057

- 274

1482

0-308

1208

0-251

573

0-119

635

0-132

-1-0-005

4-0-012

4- 58

1849

0-385

1907

0-397

518

0-108

1389

0-289

-fO-070

4-0-073

4- 351

2062

0-429

2413

0-502

548

0-114

1865

0-388

-fO-118

4-0119

4- 572

1950

0-406

2522

0-525

633

0-132

1889

0-393

4-0-084

4-0-086

4- 413

2078

0-432

2591

0-518

665

0-138

1826

0-380

-0-047

-0-048

- 231

2104

0-438

1873

0-390

734

0-153

1139

0-237

-0-1.30

-0-132

- 635

2052

0-427

1417

0-295

741

0-154

676

0-141

-0-165

-0-168

- 808

2058

0-428

1250

0-270

723

0-150

527

0-110

-0-200

-0-204

- 981

1961

0-408

980

0-204

730

0-152

250

0-052

-0-082

-0-083

- 399

1978

0-411

1579

0-328

688

0-143

891

0-185

-1-0-024

4-0-026

4- 125

1956

0-407

2081

0-433

596

0-124

1485

0-309

-fO-014

-0-015

- 72

1931

0-402

1859

0-387

550

0-114

1390

0-272

-0-030

-0-030

- 144

1709

0-356

1565

0-326

543

0-113

1022

0-213

-f-0-052

4-0-056

4- 269

1903

0-396

2172

0-452

522

0-109

1650

0,343

-1-0-230

4-0-2.32

4- 1115

1974

0-411

3089

0,643

525

0-109

2564

0-533

-1-0-435

4-0-439

4- 2110

19S3

0-413

4093

0-851

695

0-145

3398

0-707

4-0-383

4-0-385

4- 1851

2176

0-453

4027

0-838

870

0-181

3157

0-657

4-0-112

4-0-112

4- 538

2095

0-436

-2683

0-548

926

0-193

1707

0-355

-0-122

-0-123

- 591

2216

0-461

1625

0-338

898

0-187

727

0-151

-0-278

-0-282

- 1356

2153

0-448

797

0-166

935

0-195

- 138

-0-029

-0-285

-0-288

- 1384

2089

0-435

705

0-147

882

0-183

- 177

-0-037

-0-203

-0-201

- 966

2058

0-428

1092

0-227

889

0-185

203

0-042

-0-122

-0-128

- 615

2054

0-427

1439

0-299

824

0171

615

0-128

4-0-120

4-0-114

4- 548

1756

0-365

2304

0-479

753

0-157

1551

0-332

4-0-225

4-0-22S

4- 1096

1968

0-409

3064

0-637

730

0-152

2334

0-485

4-0-057

4-0-061

4- 293

1891

0-393

2184

0-454

734

0-153

1450

0-302

4-0-190

4-0-196

4- 942

2025

0-421

2967

0-617

709

0-147

2258

0-470

4-0-308

4-0-312

4- 1500

2083

0-433

3583

0-745

806

0-168

2777

0-577

4-0-1.30

-1-0-1.32

4- 635

2182

0-4.54

2816

0-586

859

0-179

1957

0-407

-0-012

-0-013

- 62

2178

0-4.53

2116

0-440

905

0-188

1211

0-252

-0-140

-0-142

- 683

2209

0-460

1526

0-317

886

0-184

640

0-133

4-0-047

4-0-045

4- 216

2247

0-467

2463

0-512

930

0-193

1533

0-319

4-0-135

4-0-134

4- 644

2137

0-445

2781

0-579

1036

0-216

1745

0-363

4-0-078

-0-077

- 370

2288

0-476

1918

0-399

1013

0-211

905

0-188

-0-160

-0-158

- 760

2232

0-464

1472

0-306

937

0-195

535

0111

378

DEPAUTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 25 — Continued.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
SUPPLY F.\CTORS OF LAKE

Water Levels of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

Lake Michigan-Huron.

T .iL-o 'S* /""!.,;«

Wine

mill

Amherst-

i..aKe o

L. y^iaix

Mil-

Harbor

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Equiv-
alent.

t. Depte
Lake

Date

Poini.

burg.

waukee,

Beach,

Harbor Beach.

Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

Wis.,
Mean

of
Month.

Mich.,

Mean

of

Month.

First

Mean

Mean

First

of
Month.

of
Month.

Michigan
Huron.

of
Month.

of
Month.

1882

Jan

5-89

601

3-33

-0 04

0-000

1-63

1-95

1-79

1-882

Feb...

5-85

5-69

3

33

+0

11

+0

001

1

62

1

72

1-67

1-730

Mar...

5%

6-23

3

80

+0

31

+0

003

1

99

1

86

1-925

1-798

Apr

6-27

6-31

3

97

+0

28

+0

003

2

12

2

08

2-10

2-012

May,...

6-55

6-79

4

26

4-0

15

-fO

002

2

22

2

25

2-235

2-168

June. ...

6-70

6-62

4

40

+0

20

+0

002

2

49

2

48

2-485

2-360

July....

6-90

7-18

4

34

+0

28

+0

003

2

62

2

62

2-62

2-552

Aug. . . .

7-18

7-18

4

24

-0

34

-0

004

2

81

2

68

2-745

2-682

Sept....

6-84

6-51

3

91

-0

50

-0

006

2

69

2

56

2-625

2-685

Oct

6-34

616

- 3

45

-0

32

-0

004

2

28

2

33

2-305

2-465

Nov....

602

5-87

3

00

+0

07

4-0

001

2

07

2

08

2-075

2-190

Dec...

609

6-31

2

61

+0

01

0

000

1

74

1

93

1-835

1-955

1883

Jan

6- 10

5-89

2

50

-0

32

-0

004

1

48

1

73

1-605

1-720

Feb....

5-78

5-67

2

71

-0

40

-0

004

1

52

1

68

1-60

1-602

Mar...

5-38

509

2

92

+0

01

0

000

1

61

1

72

1-665

1-632

Apr. . . .

5-39

5-69

2

99

+0

53

4-0

006

1

82

1

73

1-775

1-720

May....

5-92

6- 14

3

54

+0

59

4-0

007

2

30

2

30

2-30

2 038

June....

6-51

6-88

4

23

+0

69

4-0

008

2

66

2

72

2-69

2-495

July....

7-20

7-51

4

44

+0

28

4-0

003

3

26

3

20

3-23

2-960

Aug....

7-48

7-44

4

42

-0

28

-0

003

3

23

3

40

3-315

3-272

Sept....

7-20

6-95

4

05

-0

46

-0

005

3

04

3

08

3-06

3-188

Oct

6-74

6-54

3

72

-0

42

-0

005

2

82

2

75

2-785

2-922

Nov....

6-32

609

3

21

-0

28

-0

003

2

37

2

86

2-615

2-700

Dee. . . .

604

600

3

36

-0

77

-0

009

2

29

2

75

2-52

2-568

1884

Jan

575-27

574-54

573

01

-0

47

-0

005

582

07

582

56

582-315

582-418

Feb....

4-80

5-05

3

27

+0

95

4-0

Oil

2

19

2

41

2-30

2-308

Mar....

5-75

6-45

3

48

+0

84

4-0

009

2

44

2

45

2-445

2-373

Apr

6 -.59

6-73

3

98

+0

25

4-0

003

2

62

2

76

2-69

2-568

May....

6-84

6-96

4

34

+0

21

4-0

002

2

83

2

98

2-905

2-798

June....

7 05

7-14

4

41

-fO

09

4-0

001

2

99

3

04

3-015

2-960

July....

714

7-lS

4

20

-0

13

-0

001

2

83

3

12

2-975

2-995

Aug....

7-01

6-87

4

08

-0

33

4-0

004

2

69

3

00

2-845

2-910

Sept....

6-68

6-48

3

59

-0

33

-0

004

2

44

2

56

2-545

2-695

Oct

6-35

6-22

3

25

-0

32

-0

004

2

44

2

81

2-625

2-585

Nov....

603

5-84

2

64

-0

13

-0

001

2

08

2

46

2-27

2-448

Dec. . . .

5-90

5-96

2

69

+0

30

4-0

003

2

05

2

20

2-125

2-198

1883

Jan

6-20

6-43

2

49

-0

14

-0

002

2

06

2

47

2-265

2-195

Feb....

606

5-69

2

28

+0

06

4-0

001

2

29

2

38

2-335

2-300

Mar....

6-12

6-56

2

16

+0

47

4-0

005

2

25

2

38

2-315

2-325

Apr. . . .

6-59

6-62

2

93

-0

01

0

000

2

44

2

49

2-465

2-390

May....

6-58

6-53

3

75

+0

14

4-0

002

2

80

2

89

2-845

2-655

June

6-72

6-91

4

25

+0

12

4-0

001

3

01

3

18

3-095

2-970

July....

6-84

6-78

4

22

0

00

0

000

3

10

3

24

3-17

3-132

Aug

6-84

6-90

4

27

-0

03

0

000

3

31

3

39

3-35

3-260

Sept....

6-81

6-72

4

06

-0

27

-0

003

3

17

3

29

3-23

2-390

Oct

6-54

fi-36

3

95

-0

20

-0

002

3

03

3

06

3-045

3-138

Nov....

6-34

6-31

3

70

-0

07

-0

001

2

73

2

87

2-80

2-922

Dec. . . .

6-27

6-23

3-77

-0-47

-0 005

2-44

2-67

2-555

2-678

a. — St. Clair River discharge used.

lyTERKATlONAb WATERWAYS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

379

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage in

Outflow-

Total Supply

Inflow from

Local Supply

Storage

Lake Michig

in-

through

t

o

St.

Marys

to

in

Huron anc

Detroit

Lake

River.

Lake

Lake

Lake St. Clair.

River.

Michigan-

Mit

higan-

Michi-

Huron.

Huron

Foot
Depth

Foot
Depth

100

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

gan-
Huron,

Foot
Depth

Lake

100

100

Lake

100

Foot

c.f.s.

100

Foot

Michigan j c.

Huron. !

1

f.s.

o.f.s.

Michigan-
Huron.

c.f.s.

Depth.

c.f.s.

Depth.

-0152

-0-152 -

731

2225

0-463

1494

0-311

820

0-171

674

0140

4-0 068

4-0

069 4-

332

2045

0-425

2377

0-494

769

0-160

1608

0-335

4-0-214

4-0

217 4-

1043

2194

0-456

3237

0-673

741

0-154

2496

0-519

-I-0156

4-0

159 4-

764

2182

0 4.54

2946

0-613

730

0152

2216

0 461

-I-0-192

+0

194 -f-

933

2368

0-493

3301

0-687

824

0-171

2477

0-515

-1-0 192

4-0

194 4-

933

2206

0-459

3139

0-653

845

0-176

2294

0-477

-1-0130

4-0

1.33 4-

639

2580

0-537

3219

0-670

926

0-193

2293

0-477

-f0 003

-0

001: -

5

2615

0-544

2610

0-543

949

0-197

1661

0-346

-0-220

-0

226 —

1086

2321

0-483

1235

0-257

935

0-195

300

0-062

-0-27.5

-0

279' -

1341

2271

0-472

930

0 193

914

0-190

16

0-003

-0-2.35

-0

2.341 -

1125

2251

0-468

1126

0-234

900

0-187

226

0-047

-0 235

-0

235: -

1130

02139

0-445

1009

0-210

838

0-174

171

0-036

-0-118

-0

l'^2' —

586

02238

0-466

1652

0-344

739

0-1.54

913

0-190

-fO-CHO

4-0

026 4-

125

2228

0-463

2353

0-489

718

0-149

1635

0-340

-FO-088

4-0

088

4-

423

1856

0-386

2279

0-474

718

1 561

0325

1-561

-1-0-318

4-0

324

4-

1557

2156

0-449

3713

0-772

734

0 153

2979

0 620

-1-0-4.57

+0

464

4- 2230

2230

0-464

4460

0-928

732

0-152

3728

0-776

4-0-465

4-0

473

4- 2274

2434

0-506

4708

0-979

817

0-170

3891

0-309

4-0-312

4-0

315

4-

1514

2754

0-573

4268

0-888

859

3,409

0709

0-179

-0-084

-0

087

418

2716

0-565

2298

0-478

956

0-199

1.342

0-279

-0-266

-0

271

_

1303

2538

0-528

1235

0-257

880

0-183

355

0-074

-0-222

-0

227

_

1091

2402

0-500

1311

0-273

845

0-176

466

0-097

-0-132

-0

135

_

649

2307

0-480

1658

0-345

820

0-171

838

0-174

-0-150

—0

1.59

—

764

2211

0-460

1447

0-301

760

0-158

687

0-148

-0-110

-0

115

553

1514

0-315

961

0-200

737

0-153

224

0-047

4-0 064

4-0

075

4-

361

1703

0-354

2064

0-429

693

0-144

1371

0-285

4-0-196

4-0

205

-1-

985

2426

0-505

3411

0-710

672

0 140

2739

0-570

4-0-230

+0

233

4-

1120

2428

0-505

3548

0-738

633

0132

2915

0-606

4-0- 162

4-0

164

4-

788

2444

0-508

3232

0-672

718

0 149

2514

0-523

4-0-035

4-0

036 4-

173

2531

0-527

2704

0-563

741

0-154

1963

0-408

-0-0S5

-0

086 -

413

211

0-M3

2198

0-457

792

0-165

1406

0-292

-0-215

-0

219 -

1053

2489

0-518

1436

0-299

801

0167

635

0-132

-0110

-0

114 -

548

2410

0-501

1862

0-387

817

0170

1045

0-217

-0-137

-0

141 -

678

2367

0-492

1689

0-351

838

0-174

851

0-177

-0-250

-0

251 -

1207

2336

0-486

1129

0-235

861

0-179

268

0-056

-0-003

0

000

0

2384

0-496

2384

0-496

801

0-167

1583

0-329

4-0-105

4-0

103 4-

495

02398

0-499

2893

0-602

762

0-159

2131

0-443

4-0-025

-0

026 4-

125

2352

0-489

2477

0-515

737

0-153

1740

0-362

4-0-065

4-0

070 4-

336

02364

0-492

2700

0-562

704

0-146

1896

0-415

4-0-265

4-0

265 4- 1274

02287

0-476

3561

0-741

665

0 138

2896

0-602

4-0-315

4-0

3I7| 4-

1524

2386

0-496

3910

0-813

799

0-166

3111

0-647

4-0-162

4-0

163! 4-

784

2445

0-509

3229

0-672

877

0-182

2352

0-489

4-0-128

4-0

128

4-

615

2376

0-494

2991

0-622

919

0-191

2072

0-431

4-0-030

4-0

030

4-

144

2432

0-506

2576

0-536

969

0-202

1607

0-334

-0152

-0

155

745

2369

0-498

1651

0-343

914

0 190

737

0-153

-0-2101

-0

218

_

1048

2217

0-461

1169

0-243

873

0-182

296

0-062

-0-244

-0

245

_

1178

2276

0-473

1098

0-228

856

0-178

242

0-050

-0-066

-0-071

—

341

2204

0-4.58

1863

0-388

787

0-164

1076

0-224

880

DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 25 — Continued.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE

Water Levels of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

Lake Michigan-Huron.

Lake St

. Clair

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Windmill

Amherst^

Equi-
valent.
F. Depth
Lake

Mil-

Harbour

Date

Point.

burg,
Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

waukee,

Wis.,

Mean

of

Month.

Beach.
Mich.,

Mean

of
Month.

Harbour Beach.

First

Mean

Mean

First

of

Month.

of
Month.

Michigan
Huron.

of
Month.

of
Month.

1886

i

Jan

5-80

5-36

3-77

-0-86

-0010

2-67

2-67

2-67 '

2-612

Feb....

4 94

4-53

3 04

000

0000

2-69

2-74

2-715

2-692

Mar....

4-94

5-34

2-87

+0-75

+0 008

2-97

2-93

2-95

2-832

Apr.-...

5-69

604

3-70

+0-73

+0008

3-24

3-22

3-23

3-090

May....

6-42

6-79|

409

+004

+0004

3-50

3-55

3-525

3-378

June....

6-82

6-85

4- 18

+0 02

0000

3-57

3-64

3-605

3-565

July....

6-84

6-82

4-17

-008

-0001

3-38

3-48

3-43

3-518

Aug

6-76

6-71

401

-0 14

-0002

315

3-33

3-24

3-335

Sept....

6-62

6-53

3-70

-019

-0002

2-91

3-15

3-03

3-135

Oct

6-43

6-33

3-46

-0-27

-0003

2-81

3-02

2-915

2-972

Nov....

616

5-98

4 03

-0-08

-0001

2-47

2-75

2-61

2-762

Dec...

608

6- 19

3 07

-006

-0001

214

2-34

2-285;

2-448

1887

Jan

602

5-85

2-83

-008

-0001

2-06

2-26

216

2-222

Feb....

5-94

602

3-26

+0 10

+0 001

2-43

2-45

2-44

2-300

Mar....

604

605

406

+013

+0 001

2-59

2-66

2-625

2-532

Apr

6-17

6-29

406

+0-26

+0 003

2-54

2-57

2-555

2-590

May....

6-43

6-57

4-33

+0 19

+0 002

2-74

2-77

2-755

2-655

June —

6-62

6-67

4-34

+0 03

0 000

2-87

2-89

2-88

2-818

July....

6-65

6-63

4- 12

-Oil

-0001

2-81

2-97

2-89

2-885

Aug

6-54

6-46

3-84

-0-24

-0003

2-67

2-76

2-715

2-802

Sept....

6-30

6- 15

3-55

-0-34

-0004

2-33

2-41

2-37

2-542

Oct

5 96

5-78

2-95

-0-40

-0004

1-88

2- 19

2-035

2-202

Nov....

5-56

5-35

2-55

-0-26

-0003

1-55

1-74

1-645

1-840

Dec...

5-30

5-25

2-69

-004

0000

1-43

1-45

1-44

1-542

1888

Jan

5-26

5-28

2-49

-006

-0001

1-25

1-34

1-295

1-368

Feb....

5-20

512

2-22

-0-21

-0002

1-20

1-25

1-225

1-260

Mar....

4-99

4-86

2-34

+0-21

+0 002

1-38

1-42

1-40

1-312

Apr. . . .

5-20

5-55

2-92

+0-39

+0004

1-59

1-56

1-575

1-488

May....

5-59

5-63

3-26

+0 15

+0002

1-97

, 200

1-985

1-780

June....

5-74

5-85

3-38

+0-24

+0003

2-24

2-30

2-27

2-128

July....

5-98

610

3-54

+0 08

+0001

2-25

2-33

2-29

2-280

Aug

606

601

3-48

-018

-0002

213

2-37

2-25

2-270

Sept....

5-88

5-74

2-98

-0-30

-0 003

1-98

208

2-03

2-140

Oct

5-58

5-42

2-60

-0-23

-0003

1-73

1-78

1-755

1-892

Nov....

5-35

5-28

2-53

-015

-0 002

1-68

1-60

1-64

1-698

Dec...

5-20

511

2-53

+0 02

0 000

110

1-39

1-245

1-442

1889

1

Jan

5-22

5-32

2-53

-0-34

-0004

108

! 1-25

1-165

1-205

Feb....

4-88

4-44

2-37

-0-47

-0 005

1-05

1-17

1-11

1-138

Mar. . . .

4-41

4-38

2-23

+014

+0-002

1-03

115

109

1100

Apr

4-55

4-72

2-53

+0-39

+0-004

1-04

1-08

106

1-075

May....

4-94

516

2-80

+0-50

+0-006

1-12

! 1-22

1-17

1115

June —

5-44

5-72

3-22

+0-33

1 +0-004

1-58

; 1-55

1-565

1-368

July....

5-77

1 5-82

3-43

-002

0-000

1-76

1 1-81

1-785

1-675

Aug

5-75

5-68

316

-0 19

-0-002

1-52

1-75

1-635

1-710

Sept. . . .

5-56

5-45

2-71

-0-32

-0-004

1-35

1-58

1 1-465

1-550

Oct

5-24

502

2-28

-0-36

-0004

1-lC

1-21

1-155

1-310

Nov

4-88

4-73

1-88

-0-22

-0002

0-75

0-87

0-81

0-982

Dec. . . .

4-66

4-60

2-26

+016

+0 002

0-57

0-71

0-64

0-725

INTERNATIONAL WATEJiWATS COMilhSISWN
SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

881

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage in

Outflow

Total Supply

Inflow from

Local Supply

Storage

Lake Mic

higan-

through

to

St.

Warys

to

in

Huron and

Detroit

Lake

River.

Lake

Lake

Lake St.

Clair.

River.

Michigan-

Mic

ligan-

Michi-

Huron.

H

iron

Foot
Depth
Lake

100
c.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth
Lake

100

c.f.s.

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

gan-
Huron,

Foot
Depth

100

Foot

100

Foot

Michigan
Huron.

Michigan-
Huron.

c.f.s.

Depth.

c.f.s.

Depth.

-1-0-080

-fO-070

-1- 336

1677

3-049

2013

0-419

707

0-147

1306

0-272

-1-0-140

-1-0140

+ 673

1490

0-310

2163

0-450

670

0-139

1493

0-311

-1-0-258

-1-0-266

+ 1279

2008

0-418

3287

0-684

670

0-139

2617

0-544

-1-0 -288

-1-0-296

-1- 1432

2118

0-441

3541

0-737

665

0-138

2876

0-598

-t-0-187

-1-0-191

-1- 918

2428

0-505

3346

0-696

776

0-161

2570

0-535

-0 047

-0-047

- 226

2432

0-506

2206

0-459

813

0-169

1393

0-290

-0 183

-0-184

- 884

2418

0-503

1534

0-319

852

0-177

682

0-142

-0-200

-0-202

- 971

2406

0-501

1435

0-299

884

0-184

551

0115

-0-163

-0-165

- 793

2403

0-500

1610

0-335

852

0-177

' 758

0-158

-0-210

-0-213

- 1024

2364

0-492

1340

0-279

859

0-179

481

0-100

-0-314

-0-315

- 1514

2298

0-478

784

0-163

843

0-175

- 59

-0012

-0-226

-0-227

- 1091

2403

0-500

1312

0-273

744

0-155

568

0-118

-1-0-078

-1-0-077

+ 370

2289

0-476

2659

0-553

693

0 144

1966

0-409

-t-0-232

-1-0-233

-1-1120

2253

0-469

3373

0-702

661

0-138

2712

0-564

-fO-058

-f0 059

-f- 284

1985

0-413

2269

0-472

654

0136

1615

0-336

-1-0 065

-(-0 068

-1- 327

2133

0-444

2460

0-512

622

0-129

1838

0-382

-1-0-163

-1-0-165

-1- 793

2202

0-458

2995

0-623

704

0-146

2291

0-477

-1-0-067

-fO-067

-f 322

2261

0-470

2583

0-537

808

0-168

1775

0-369

-0 083

-0-084

- 404

2319

0-482

1915

0-398

893

0-186

1022

0-213

-0-260

-0-263

-1264

2316

0-482

1052

0-219

866

0-180

186

0 039

-0-340

-0-344

-1654

2233

0-465

579

0-120

834

0-173

- 255

-0-053

-0-362

-0-366

-1759

2217

0-461

458

0-095

875

0-182

• - 417

-0-087

-0-298

-0-301

-1447

2109

0-439

662

0138

822

0-171

- 160

-0033

-0174

-0-174

- 836

2016

0-419

1180

0-245

728

0-151

452

0-094

-0-108

-0-109

- 524

2090

0-435

1566

0-326

691

0-144

875

0-182

-1-0 052

-1-0-050

+ 240

2086

0-434

2326

0-484

612

0

127

1714

0-357

-1-0-176

-1-0-178

+ 856

1922

0-400

2778

0-578

624

0

130

2154

0-448

-1-0-292

-1-0-296

-1423

2104

0-438

3527

0-734

622

0

129

2905

0-604

-1-0-348

-t-0-350

-1-1682

2036

0-424

3718

0-773

760

0

158

2958

0-615

-1-0- 152

-I-0155

+ 745

2120

0-441

2865

0-596

956

0

199

1909

0-397

-0-010

-0009

- 43

2208

0-459

2165

0-450

992

0

206

1173

0-244

-0-130

-0132

- 635

2177

0-453

1542

0-321

990

0

206

552

0-115

-0-248

-0-251

-1207

2186

0-455

979

0-204

972

0

202

7

0-001

-0-194

-0-197

- 947

2131

0-443

1184

0-246

969

0

202

215

0 045

-0-256

-0-258

-1240

2079

0-432

839

0-175

923

0

192

- 84

-0-017

-0-237

-0-237

-1139

1992

0-414

853

0-177

778

0-162

75

0-016

-0-067

-0-071

- 341

2099

0-437

1758

0-366

722

0150

1036

0-216

-0-038

-0-043

- 207

1701

0-354

1494

0-311

664

0 138

830

0-173

-0-025

-0-023

- Ill

1716

0-357

1605

0-334

670

0-139

935

0-195

-1-0 040

-fO-044

-1- 212

1792

0-373

2004

0-417

668

0-139

1336

0-278

-1-0-253

-1-0-259

-1-1245

1934

0-402

3179

0-661

780

0-162

2399

0-499

-t-0-307

-1-0-311

-f-1495

2100

0-437

3595

0-748

816

0 170

2779

0-578

-1-0 035

-1-0-035

-f- 168

2086

0-434

2254

0-469

870

0-181

1384

0-2S8

-0 160

-0-162

- 779

2097

0-436

1318

0-274

872

0-181

446

0-093

-0-240

-0-244

-1173

2113

0-440

940

0-196

870

0-181

70

0-015

-0-328

-0-332

-1596

2020

0-420

424

0-088

840

0-175

- 416

-0-087

-0-257

-0-259

-1245

1988

0-414

743

0-155

780

0-162

- 37

-0-008

-0-047

-0-045

-216

1817

0-378

1601

0-333

704

0

146

897

0-187

882

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 25 — Continued.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF L.\KE

Water Levels

of

Storage

Water Lt

vels of

Detroit River.

D

Lake Michigar

-Huron.

T qL-o c;* r-i^c^

l-iArtC o

V. K,tau

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Wind

mUl

Amherst-

Equi-
valent.
F. Depth
Lake

Mil-

Harbour

Date

Point.

burg,

waukee,

Beach,

Harbour Beach.

Ont.,
Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

Wis.,
Mean

of
Month.

Mich.,
Mean
of
Month.

First

Mean

Mean

First

of
Month.

of
Month.

Michigan
Huron.

of
Month.

of
Month.

1890

Jan

4-82

505

2-60

+0-18

+0 002

0-65

0-78

0-715

0-678

Feb....

500

4-96

2-89

-0-04

0000

0-61

0-66

0-635

0-675

Mar....

4-96

4-96

303

+0-22

+0 002

0-59

0-64

0-615

0-625

Apr

518

5-39

3-47

+0-37

+0004

0-91

0-78

0-845

0-730

May....

5-55

5-71

3-90

+0-38

+0-004

1-14

109

1-115

0-980

June —

5-93

6- 15

4-26

+0-17

+0-002

1-55

1-52

1-535

1-325

July....

6- 10

604

3-89

-018

-0002

1-62

1-71

1-665

1-600

Aug

0-92

5-81

3-47

-0-24

-0003

1-54

1-71

1-625

1-6 5

Sept....

5-68

5-54

3-24

-0-27

-0003

1-34

1-44

1-39

1-508

Oct

5-41

5-28

304

-015

-0-002

1-23

1-23

1-23

1 310

Nov....

5-26

5-24

2-88

-0-12

-0-001

0-89

103

0-96

1-095

Dec...

5- 14

503

2-77

-0-34

-0 004

0-54

0-73

0-635

0-798

1891

Jan

574 -80

574-58

572-53

-0-14

-0-002

580-52

580-53

580-525

580-580

Feb. . . .

4-66

4-74

2-51

-0-01

0 000

0-28

0-42

0-35

0-438

Mar....

4-65

4-56

2-99

+0-11

+0001

0-47

0-39

0-43

0-390

Apr

4-76

4-97

2-81

+0-22

+0 002

0-78

0-72

0-75

0-590

May....

4-98

4-98

2-72

+0-06

+0-001

0-88

0-96

0-92

0-835

June

504

510

2-85

+0-08

+0-001

1-03

0-91

0-97

0-945

July....

512

513

2-76

-004

0000

0-86

0-94

0-90

0-935

Aug

5 08

503

2-53

-013

-0001

0-79

0-84

0-815

0-858

Sept....

4-95

4-87

2-29

-0-26

-0003

0-56

0-65

0-605

0-710

Oct

4-69

4-51

1-90

-0-31

-0003

0-20

0-28

0-24

0-422

Nov....

4-38

4-26

1-33

-on

-0001

579-80

579-97

579-885

0-062

Dec...

4-27

4-28

1-52

-019

-0002

9-74

9-91

9-825

579-855

1892

Jan

408

3-87

1-53

-0-56

-0006

9-86

9-93

9-895

9-860

Feb....

3-52

3-18

1-32

-0-23

-0003

580-05

9-87

9-96

9-928

Mar....

3 29

3-40

1-38

+0-55

+0006

579-95

9-93

9-94

9-950

Apr

384

4-27

1-89

+0-73

+0-008

580 01

580-05

580-03

9-985

May....

4-57

4-87

2-78

+0-61

+0-007

0-43

0-14

0-285

580- 158

June —

0-18

5-50

3-53

+0-40

+0-004

0-88

0-67

0 075

0-530

July....

5-58

5-66

3-66

000

0000

0-89

096

0-925

0-850

Aug

5-58

5-49

3-35

-016

-0002

0-97

104

1005

0-965

Sept....

5-42

5-35

2-97

-0-32

-0004

0-77

087

0-82

0-912

Oct

5- 10

4-86

2-40

-0-44

-0005

0-53

0-66

0-595

0-708

Nov....

4-66

4-46

1-94

-0-34

-0004

0-26

0-33

0-295

0-445

Dec...

4-32

418

1-79

-0-58

-0006

579-99

0-09

004

10-168

1893

Jan

3-74

3-31

1-39

-0-35

-0004

9-98

579-84

579-91

579-975

Feb..—

3-39

3-47

1-47

+0-51

+0-006

580-12

9-79

9-955

9-932

Mar....

3-90

4-34

1-71

+0-68

+0 008

0-23

9-87

580-05

580-002

Apr

4-58

4-81

2-39

+0-46

+0 005

0-69

580-25

0-47

0-260

May....

504

5-28

3-32

+0-42

+0-005

0-99

0-88

0-935

0 702

June

5-46

5-63

3-50

+0-17

+0-002

1-32

1-21

1-265

MOO

July....

5-63

5-63

3-23

-009

-0001

1-34

1-35

1-345

1-305

Aug

5-54

5-46

2-93

-0-22

-0002

117

1-21

1-19

1-268

Sept....

5-32

517

2-49

-0-30

-0003

0-85

0-91

0-88

1-035

Oct

502

4-87

2-13

-0-30

-0003

0-71

0-73

0-72

0-800

Nov....

4-72

4-58

1-60

-012

-0001

0-32

0-47

0-395

(1-558

Dec...

! 4-60

4-62

1-80

+001

0000

0-25

0-28

0-265

0-330

a. — St. Clair River discharge used.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

883

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage in

Outflow

Total Supply

Inflow from

Local Supply

Storage

LakeMic

higan-

through

to

St.

tfarys

to

in

Huron

and

Detroit

Lake

R

ver.

Lake

Lake

Lake St

Clair.

R

ver.

Michigan-

Michigan-

Michi-
gan-
Huron,

Foot
Depth

Huron.

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Huron

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

100

c.f.s.

100

c.f.s.

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

100

cf.s.

100

c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

-0003

-0001

- 5

1940

0-404

1935

0-403

714

0-149

1221

0-254

-0050

-0-050

- 240

1797

0-374

1557

0-324

604

0-126

953

0198

-fOlOS

-1-0 107

4- 514

1745

0-363

2259

0-470

602

0-125

1657

0-345

-(-0-250

-1-0-254

4-1221

1823

0-379

3044

0-633

588

0-122

2456

0-511

-fO-345

-1-0 -349

4-1678

1839

0-383

3517

0-732

682

0-142

2835

0-590

-1-0-275

-fO-277

4-1332

1964

0-409

3296

0-686

798

0-166

2498

0-520

-f0045

-1-0-043

4- 207

2046

0-426

2253

0-469

870

0-181

1383

0-288

-0-137

-0-140

- 673

2066

0-430

1393

0-290

852

0-177

541

0-113

-0198

-0-201

- 966

1994

0-415

1028

0-214

830

0-173

198

0-041

-0-215

-0-217

-1043

1919

0-399

876

0-182

816

0-170

60

0-012

-0-297

-0-298

-1432

1950

0-406

518

0-108

788

0-164

- 270

-0-056

-0-218

-0-222

-1067

1875

0-390

808

0-168

728

0-151

80

0-017

-0142

-0144

- 692

1718

0-357

1026

0-213

590

0-123

436

0-091

-0048

-0-048

- 231

1809

0-376

1579

0-328

612

0-127

966

0-201

-1-0-200

-1-0-201

4- 966

1534

0-319

2500

0-520

582

0-121

1918

0-399

-1-0-245

-t-0-247

4-1187

1830

0-381

3017

0-628

618

0-129

2399

0-499

-1-0-110

-1-0-111

4- 534

1865

0-388

2399

0-499

704

0-146

1695

0-353

-0-010

-0-009

- 43

1885

0-392

1842

0-383

694

0144

1148

0-239

-0-077

-0077

- 370

1931

0-402

1561

0-325

716

0 149

845

0-176

-0-148

-0149

- 716

1952

0-406

1236

0-257

718

0149

518

0-108

-0-288

-0-291

-1399

1943

0-404

544

0113

704

0-146

- 160

-0-033

-0-360

-0-363

-1745

1878

0-391

133

0-028

716

0149

- 583

-0-121

-0-207

-0-208

-1000

1912

0-398

912

0190

694

0-144

218

0-045

-1-0 005

-HO 003

4- 14

1873

0 390

1887

0-393

632

0 131

1255

0-261

-1-0-068

-1-0-062

4- 298

1683

0-350

1981

0-412

620

0-129

1361

0-283

-1-0-022

-1-0-019

4- 91

1425

0-296

1516

0-315

548

0114

968

0-201

-1-0-035

-1-0 041

4- 197

1508

0-314

1705

0-355

512

0-107

1193

0-248

-1-0-173

4-0-181

4- 870

1767

0-368

2637

0-549

544

0-113

2093

0-435

-fO-372

-1-0-379

4-1822

1787

0-372

3609

0-751

646

0-134

2963

0-616

-1-0-320

4-0-324

4-1557

1864

0-388

3421

0-712

718

0-149

2703

0-562

-1-0-115

4-0-115

4- 553

1908

0-397

2461

0-512

746

0-155

1715

0-357

-0-053

-0-055

- 264

1926

0-401

1662

0-346

748

0-156

914

0-190

-0-204

-0-208

-1000

1981

0-412

981

0-204

760

0158

221

0-046

-0-263

-0-268

-1288

1905

0-396

617

0-128

738

0-154

- 121

-0-025

-0-277

-0-281

-1351

1843

0-383

492

0-102

682

0-142

- 190

-0040

-0-193

-0-199

- 957

1753

0-365

796

0168

626

0-130

170

0-035

-0043

-0-047

- 226

1464

0-304

1238

0-258

519

0-108

719

0-150

4-0-070

40076

4- 365

1514

0-315

1879

0-391

482

0-100

1387

0-291

-f 0-258

4-0-266

4-1279

1851

0-385

3130

0-651

484

0-101

2646

0-550

-1-0-442

4-0-447

4-2149

1883

0-392

4032

0-839

531

0-110

3501

0-728

-1-0-398

4-0-403

4-1937

1817

0-378

3754

0-886

638

0-133

3116

0-648

-1-0-205

4-0-207

4- 995

1950

0-406

2945

0-613

738

0-153

2207

0-459

-0-037

-0038

- 183

2047

0-426

1864

0-388

775

0-161

1089

0-227

-0-233

-0-235

-1130

2052

0-427

922

0 192

790

0164

132

0-027

-0-235

-0-248

-1192

2034

0-423

842

0-175

766

0-159

76

0-016

-0-242

-0-245

-1178

1988

0-414

810

0-169

755

0-157

55

0-011

-0-228

-0-229

-1062

1990

0-414

928

0-193

745

0-155

183

0-038

-0075

-0075

- 361

1958

0-407

1597

0-332

644

0-134

953

0-198

884

Table 25 — Continued.

INTERNATIoyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE

Water Levels

of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

Lake Michigan-Huron.

Lake St

Clair

Windmill
Point.

Amherst-

Mil-

Harbour

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Equiv-

Date

bUTg,

alen .

waukee,

Beach,

Harbou

r Beach.

Ont.,

Foot
Depth.

Foot

Wis.,

Mich.,

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Depth.
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Mean

of
Month.

Mean

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

First
of

Month.

1894

Jan

4-61

4-60

206

-0-23

-0-003

0-26

0-23

0-245

0-255

Feb....

4-38

4-16

1-94

-002

0-000

0-29

0-24

0-265

0-255

Mar.. .

4-36

4-56

1-99

4-0-30

+0-003

0-55

0-39

0-47

0-368

Apr . . . .

4-66

4-75

2-34

-fO-34

+0-0O4

0-70

0-62

0-66

0-565

May....

500

5-26

2-82

+0-38

+0-004

1-24

1-02

1-13

0-895

June...

5-38

5-50

302

+012

+0-001

1-40

1-32

1-36

1-245

July....

5-50

5-50

3 01

-0-10

-0-001

1-43

1-47

1-45

1-405

Aug

5-40

5-31

268

-018

-0-002

1-35

1-20

1-275

1-362

Sept....

5-22

5- 13

2-45

-0-24

-0-003

0-92

1-01

0-965

1-120

Oct

4-98

4-83

212

-0-28

-0-003

0-71

0-77

0-74

0-852

Nov....

4-70

4-58

1-75

-018

-0-002

0-44

0-58

0-51

0-625

Dec. . . .

4-52

4-46

1-80

+0-16

-^0-002

0-09

0-28

0 185

0-348

1895

Jan

4-68

4-89

1-45

+0-24

-0 003

579-91

579-96

579-935

0-060

Feb....

4-92

4-96

1-22

-0-24

-0

003

9-80

9-84

9-82

579-878

Mar....

4-68

4-39

1-25

-0-52

-0

006

9-77

9-85

9-81

9-815

Apr ....

4-16

3-93

1-45

-0-05

-0

001

9-97

9-95

9-S6

9-885

May...

4-11

4-29

1-76

+0-25

+0

003

580-13

580-12

580-125

580-042

June. ...

4-36

4-44

1-84

+0-09

+0

001

0-18

0-19

0 185

0-155

July...,

4-45

4-46

1-74

-001

0

000

0-07

0-16

0-115

0150

Aug —

4-44

4-43

1-70

-0-08

-0

001

579-95

0-07

001

0-062

Sept....

4-36

4-28

1-54

-0-30

-0

003

9-68

579-94

579-81

579-910

Oct

406

384

105

-0-37

-0

004

9-31

0-65

9-48

9-645

Nov. . .

3-69

3-54

0-82

-0-04

0

000

9-09

9-26

9- 175

9-328

Dec....

3-65

3-76

110

+0-12

+0-001

8-98

9-02

900

9-088

1996

Jan

3-77

3-78

118

-0-38

-0-004

906

909

9-075

9-038

Feb....

3-39

300

•10

-0-25

-0

003

9-10

9-21

9 155

9-115

Mar....

314

3-27

107

+0-41

+0

005

9-11

9-11

911

9-132

Apr

3-55

3-83

1-47

+0-43

+0

005

9-29

9-14

9-215

9-162

May....

3-98

4-41

1-94

+0-34

+0

0O4

9-57

9-54

9-555

9-385

June....

4-32

4-51

2-20

+0-26

+0

003

9-89

9-91

9-90

9-728

July....

4-58

4-64

209

+0-14

+0

002

9-83

9-97

9-90

9-900

Aug

4-72

4-81

2-34

-0-08

-0

001

9-76

580 01

9-885

9-892

Sept

4-61

4-46

1-96

-0-25

-0

003

9-66

579-83

9-745

9-815

Oct

4-39

4-32

1-71

-0-31

-0

003

9-61

9-63

9-62

9-682

Nov....

4-08

3-85

1-21

-0-27

-0

003

9-39

9-49

9-44

9-530

Dec...

3-81

3-77

1-36

+0-21

+0-002

9-34

9-38

9-36

9-400

1897

Jan

402

4-28

1-31

+0-44

+0-005

9-33

9-45

9-39

9-375

Fev....

4-46

4-64

151

+0-14

+0-002

9-41

9-36

9-385

9-388

Mar....

4-60

4-57

1-90

+0-06

+0-001

9-72

9-47

9-595

9-490

Apr . .

4-66

4-75

2-40

+0-32

+0-004

9-89

9-84

9-865

9-730

May....

4-98

5-20

2-82

+018

+0-002

580-38

580-41

580-395

580-130

June

516

511

2-91

0-00

0-000

0-65

0-65

0-65

0-522

July...

516

S-22

2-91

+0-02

0-000

0-84

0-83

0-835

0-742

Aug... .

518

515

2-79

-0-14

-0142

0-78

0-84

0-81

0-822

Sept....

504

4-93

2-45

-0-28

-0-003

0-53

0-58

0-555

0-682

Oct

4-76

4-58

1-95

-0-24

-0003

0-24

0-23

0-235

0-395

Nov....

4-52

4-47

1-69

-014

-0-002

579-98

0 07

0 025

0 130

Dec...

4-38

4-29

1-78

-0-14

-0-002

9-76

579-81

579-785

579-905

o.^St. Clair River discharge used.

INTERNATlOyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

885

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage in

Outflow

Total Supply

Inflow from

Local Supply

Storage

Lake Mi(

higan-

through

to

St.

Harys

to

in

Huron

and

Detroit

Lake

R

ver.

Lake

Lake

Lake St

Clair.

River.

Mich

igan-

Mic

ligan-

Michi-

Huron.

Huron

gan-
Huron,

Foot
Depth

Foot
Depth
Lake

100

i-.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth
Lake

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

100

Foot

100

Foot

Michigan
Huron.

Michigan-
Huron.

c.f.s.

Depth.

c.f.s.

Depth.

0 000

-0-003

- 14

1876

0-390

1862

0-387

602

0-125

1260

0-262

-(-0113

+0-113

+ 543

1698

0

353

2241

0-466

587

0-122

1654

0-344

+0-197

+0-200

+ 961

1877

0

390

2838

0-590

566

0-118

2272

0-473

-1-0-330

+0-334

+ 1606

1867

0

388

3473

0-722

638

0-133

2835

0-590

-1-0-350

+0-354

+ 1702

1981

0

412

3683

0-766

822

0-171

2861

0-595

-f 0-160

+0161

+ 774

2045

0

425

2819

0-586

868

0-181

1951

0-406

-0 043

-0-044

- 212

2048

0

426

1836

0-382

894

0-186

942

0-196

-0-242

-0-244

-1173

2051

0

427

878

0-183

896

0186

- 18

-0-004

-0-268

-0-271

-1303

2026

0

421

723

0-150

871

0181

- 148

-0-031

-0-227

-0-230

-1106

1971

0

410

865

0 180

879

0-183

- 14

-0-003

-0-277

-0-279

-1341

1952

0

406

611

0 127

860

0-179

- 249

-0-052

-0-288

-0-286

-1375

1882

0-392

507

0 105

804

0-167

- 297

-0-062

-0-182

-0-179

- 860

a 1878

0-391

1018

0-212

747

0-155

271

0-056

-0-063

-0-066

- 317

a 1842

0-383

1525

0-317

721

0-150

804

0-167

•fO-070

+0-064

+ 308

1988

0-414

2296

0-478

683

0-142

1613

0-336

-1-0 157

+0-156

+ 750

1732

0-360

2482

0-516

679

0-141

1803

0-375

-f-0-113

+0-116

+ 558

1814

0-377

2372

0-493

755

0-157

1617

0-336

-0-005

-0-004

- 19

1861

0-387

1842

0-383

828

0-172

1014

0-211

-0-088

-0-088

- 423

1898

0-395

1475

0-307

873

0-182

602

0-125

-0152

-0-153

- 735

1895

0-394

1160

0-241

875

0 182

285

0 059

-0-265

-0-268

-1288

1868

0-389

580

0-121

907

0-189

- 327

-0068

-0-317

-0-321

-1543

1794

0-373

251

0-052

930

0-193

- 679

-0-141

-0-240

-0-240

-1154

1722

0-358

568

0-118

832

0-173

- 264

-0055

-0-050

-0-049

- 236

1748

0-364

1512

0-315

830

0-173

682

0-142

-1-0-077

+0-073

+ 351

1736

0-36i

2087

0-434

727

0-151

1360

0-283

-(-0-017

+0-014

+ 67

1410

0-293

1477

0-307

687

0

143

790

0

164

-1-0-030

+0-035

+ 168

1540

0 320

1708

0-355

649

0

135

1059

0

220

-1-0-223

+0-228

+ 1096

1681

0-350

2VVV

0-578

701

0

146

2076

0

432

-fO-343

+0-347

+ 1668

1688

0-351

3356

0-698

816

0

170

2540

0

528

+0-172

+0-175

+ 841

1791

0-373

2632

0-548

893

0

186

1739

0

362

-0008

-0-006

- 29

1888

0-393

1859

0-387

918

0

191

941

0

196

-0 077

-0 078

- 375

1898

0-395

1523

0-317

921

0

192

602

0

125

-0133

-0-136

- 654

1837

0-382

1183

0-246

897

0

187

286

0

059

-0152

-0-155

- 745

1842

0-383

1097

0-228

816

0

170

281

0

058

-0-130

-0-133

- 639

1840

0-383

1201

0-250

822

0

171

379

0

079

-0-025

-0-023

- Ill

1683

0-350

1572

0-.327

810

0 169

762

0-159

+0013

+0-018

+ 86

1925

0-400

2011

0-418

767

0-160

1244

0-259

+0102

+0-104

+ 500

a 1784

0

371

2284

0-475

709

0-147

01575

0

328

+0-240

+0-241

+ 11.58

1907

0

397

3065

0-638

712

0-148

2353

0

489

+0-400

+0-404

+ 1942

1849

0

385

3791

0-789

737

0-153

3054

0

635

+0-392

+0-394

+ 1894

1950

0

406

3S44

0-800

803

0-167

3041

0

633

+0-220

+0-220

+ 1058

1871

0

389

2929

0-609

871

0-181

2058

0

428

+0-080

+0-080

+ 385

1931

0

402

2316

0-482

912

0-190

1404

0

292

-0-140

-0142

+ 683

1932

0

402

1249

0-269

942

0-196

307

0

064

-0-287

-0-290

-1394

1926

0

401

532

0 111

910

0 189

- 378

-0

079

-0-265

-0-268

-1288

1898

0

395

610

0-127

871

0-181

- 261

-0

054

-0-225

-0-227

-1091

1916

0

399

825

0-172

850

0-177

- 25

-0

005

-0-167

-0-169

- 812

1807

0-376

995

0-207

758

0-158

237

0-049

19a— 60

886

DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 25 — Continued.

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

.SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE

Water Levels of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

[.ake Mich

gan-Huror

.

T qL-o «s* r^i-.*-

lj3,KK o

L. V- laii .

Mean, Milwaukee
and

Windmill

Amherst-

Mil-

Harbour

Date.

Point.

burg,

Equiv-

waukoe,

Beach,

Harbour Beach.

Ont.,
Mean

alent,
Depth

Wis..
Mean

Mich.,
Mean

Foot

First

Mean

' of

Depth.

Lake

of

of

Mean

1 First

of

of

Month.

Michigan-

Month.

Montli.

of

of

Month.

Month.

Huron.

Month.

Month.

1898

t

1

Jan

574-24

574-20

571-81

-0-26

-0003

579-72

579-66

579-69

579-738

Feb....

3-98

3-77

2-01

+0-28

+0 003

9-86

9-72

9-79

9 740

Star....

4-26

4-76

2-29

+0-62

+0007

580-18

9-95

580- 065

9-928

Apr....

4-88

501

2-82

+0-18

+0-002

0-50

580-44

0-47

.580-268

May....

506

511

3-06

+0-12

+0-001

0-78

0-56

0-67

0-570

June....

518

5-26

308

+0-10

+0001

091

0-72

0-815

0-742

July....

5-28

5-30

2-87

-008

-0-001

0-89

0-82

0-855

0-835

Aug....

5-20

510

2-71

-0-20

-0002

0-69

0-71

0-70

0-778

Sept....

500

4-90

2-27

-0-23

-0-003

0-34

0-52

0 43

0-565

Oct

4-77

4-64

2-06

-0-13

-0-001

0-33

0-21

0-275

0-350

Nov....

4-64

4-65

1-81

+0-02

0-000

579-92

013

0-02

; 0-148

Dec....

4-66

4-68

1-76

0-00

0-000

9-58

579-94

579-76

1 579-892

1899

1

Jan

4-66

4-65

1-89

-005

-0001

9-53

9-68

9-605

1 9-682

Feb....

4-61

4-57

1-68

-0-53

-0-006

9-61

9-54

9-575

9-590

Mar.. . .

408

3-59

207

-012

-O-OOI

9-81

9-69

9-75

1 9-662

Apr....

3-96

4-32

2-32

+0-64

+0 007

580-08

9-86

9-97

1 9-860

May....

4-60

4-88

2-72

+0-43

+0-005

0-52

580-40

580-46

580-215

June....

503

5- 18

2-83

+0-21

+0-002

0-83

0-79

0-81

0-6.35

July....

5-24

5-30

2-76

+0-02

0-000

1-04

1-08

0-16

0 935

Aug

5-26

5-22

2-59

-0-18

-0-002

0-96

0-99

0-975

I 018

Sept....

508

4-93

214

+0-71

+0-008

0-82

0-79

0-805

0-890

Oct....

5-79

4-65

1-98

-1-22

0-014

0-49

0-38

0-435

0-620

Nov....

•1-57

4-49

1-85

-0-27

-0 003

0-31

0-24

0-275

0-355

Dec....

4-30

410

1-40

-0-24

-0-003

579-81

005

579-93

0-102

1900

Jan

406

403

1-60

+008

+0 001

9-66

579-82

9-74

579-835

Feb....

414

4-24

1-80

+0-32

+0004

9-77

9-83

9-80

9-770

Mar....

4-46

4-67

219

+0-20

+0002

9-94

9-86

9-90

9-850

Apr. . . .

4-66

4-64

2-44

+006

-0-001

580 07

9-98

580-025

9-962

May....

4-72

4-79

2-63

+017

+0-002

031

580- 13

0-22

58-122

June

4-89

4-99

2-73

+0 11

+0001

0-42

0-30

0-36

0-290

July....

500

501

2-5B

+ 0 04

+0000

0-53

0-55

0-54

0-450

Aug

504

506

2-56

-006

-0001

0-70

0-64

0-67

0-605

Sept....

4-98

4-89

2-20

-016

-0-002

0-65

0-72

0-685

0 678

Oct

4-82

4-74

203

-019

-0-002

0-66

0-66

0-66

0-672

Nov....

4-63

4-52

1 55

-017

-0002

0-52

0-66

0-59

0-625

Dec...

1901
Jan

4-46

4-41

1-60

-0-25

-0-003

0-19

0-46

0-325

0-458

4-21

4-01

1-63

-0-67

-0007

579-95

0-22

0085

0-205

Feb....

3-54

306

119

-0-35

-0-0(M

9-92

0-08

0-00

0-042

Mar....

319

3-32

1-12

-019

-0002

580-34

007

0-205

0 102

Apr

300

2-69

1-39

+0-32

+0004

0-49

0-55

0-52

0-362

May....

3-32

3-94

1-56

+ 106

+0-012

0-92

0-81

0-865

0-692

June

4-38

4-81

2-03

+0-54

+0-00G

0-97

0-91

0-94

0-902

July....

4-92

5-04

2-20

+014

+0 002

106

106

1-06

1-000

Aug

506

5-07

2-14

-008

-0-001

Ml

1-11

Ml

1-085

Sept....

4-98

4-89

2-03

-0-26^

-0-003

0-92

0-88

0-90

1005

Oct

4-72

4-56

1-59

-0-29

0003[

0-56

0-66

0-61

0-755

Nov....

4-43

4 30

119

-0-05

-OOOl!

0-23

0-43

0-33

0-470

Dec...

4-38

4-47

1-62

-0-49

-0005

579-95

010

0 025

0-178

a. — St. Clan- River discharge used.

INTERNATIONAL IVATERWAYS COMMISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1'9a

887

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

Storage

in

Lake

Michi-

Storage in
Lake Michigan-
Huron and
Lake St. Clair.

Outflow

through

Detroit

River.

OutHow ;

through 1
Chicago 1
Drainage
Canal.

Total Supply
to
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Inflow from

St. Marvs

River.

Local Supply
to
TLake
Michigan-
Huron.

gan-
Huron,

Foot

Foot

Foot

Foot

Foot
Depth.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

100

c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

-t-0002

-0001

- 5

1756

0-365

1751

0-364

670

0-139

1081

0-225

-1-0 -188

+0191 + 918

1482

0-308

2400

0-499

627

0-130

1773

0 369

4-0-340

+0-347+1668

1888

0-393

3556

0-740

599

0-125

2957

0-615

-i-0-302

+0-304+1461

1848

0-384

3309

0-688

623

0-130

2686

0-559

+0172

+0-173i+ 832

1818

0-378

2650

0-551

678

0-141

1972

0-410

-1-0 093

H-0094I+ 4.52

1893

0-394

2345

0-488

755

0-157

1590

0-331

-0057

-0-058 - 279

1986

0-413

1707

0-355

819

0 170

888

0-185

-0-213

-0-215

-1034

1931

01402

897

9-187

841

0-175

56

0,012

-0-215

-0-218

-1048

1964

0-409

916

0-191

866

0 180

50

0 010

-0-202

-0-203 - 976

1896

0-394

920

0-191

836

0-174

84

0-017

-0-256

-0-256'-1231

1969

0-410

738

0-154

804

0-167

- 66

0 014

-0-210

-0-210-1009

1996

0,415

987

0,205

789

0164

198

0 041

-0-092

-0093'- 447

1947

0-405

1500

0-312

699

0-145

801

0-167

-f0 072

+0066+ 317

a 1856

0-386

2173

0-452

668

0-139

1505

0-313

-fO-198

+0-197 + 947

1366

0-284

2313

0-481

648

0-135

1665

0-346

-fO-355

+0-362 1+1740

1655

0-344

3395

0-706

657

0-137

2738

0-570

-fO-420

+0-425; +2043

1812

0-377

3855

0,802

819

0-170

3036

0-6.32

+0-300

+0-302 +1452

1935

0|403

3387

0|705

902

U188

2485

0-715

+0 083

+0 083

+ 399

2022

0-421

2421

0-504

940

0-196

1481

0-308

-0128

-0-130

- 625

2031

0 423

1406

0-292

968

0-201

438

0-091

-0-270

-0-262

-1259

2015

0 419

756

0-157

1004

0-209

- 248

-0 0.52

-0-265

-0-279

-1341

1923

0-400

582

0-121

942

0 196

- 360

-0 075

-0-253

-0-250 -1231

1883

0-392

652

0-136

926

0-193

- 274

-U-057

-0-267

-0-270

-1298

1882

0,379

524

0-109

917

0-191

393

-0-082

-0-065

-0064

- 308

1736

0-361

15

0-0031 1443

0-300

793

0-165

650

0-135

+0-080

+0 084

+ 404

1778

0-370

23

0,005| 2205

0-459

770

0-160

1435

0-299

+0112

+0-114

+ 548

1874

0-390

•21

0-004! 2443

0-508

723

0-150

1720

0-358

+0-160

+0161

+ 774

1780

0-370

27

0-006 2581

0-537

730

0-152

1851

0-385

+0-168

+0170

+ 817

1796

0-374

32

0 007 2645

0-550

764

0-159

1881

0 391

+0-160

+0161

+ 774

1868

0-389

32

0 007, 2674

0-556

777

0-162

1897

0 395

+0-155

+0-155

+ 745

1932

0-402

34

01007; 2711

0-564

818

0-170

1893

0,394

+0-073

+0072

+ 346

1957

0-407

36

0-007: 2339

0-487

857

0-178

1482

0-308

-0-006

-0008

- 38

1978

0-411

23

0-0051 1963

0-408

948

0-197

1015

0-211

-0047

-0 049

- 236

1953

0-406

34

0007i 1751

0-364

954

0-198

797

0-166

-0-167

-0 169

- 812

1974

0-411

.38

0-008; 1200

0-260

974

0-203

226

0-047

-0-253

-0-256

-1231

1911

0-398

42

0-009J 722

0-150

900

0-187

- 178

-0-037

-0-163

-0-170

- 817

1719

0-358

49

0 010

951

0-198

818

0-170

133

0-028

+0 060

+0056

+ 269

1410

0-293

51

0-011

1730

0-360

764

0-159

966

0-201

+0-260

+0-258

j+1240

1548

0-322

53

0-011

2841

0-591

725

0-151

2116

0-440

+0-330

+0-334

+1606

i 1161

0-241

44

0-009

2811

0-585

745

0-155

2066

0-430

+0-210

+0-222

+ 1067

1706

0-355

31

' 0-006

2804

0-583

798

0-166

2006

0-417

+0-098

+0-104

+ 500

' 1986

0-413

29

0-006

2515

0-523

814

0-169

1701

0-354

+0-085

+0-087

+ 418

2052

0-427

31

0006

2501

0-520

888

0-185

1613

0-336

-0-080

-0-081

- 389

; 2084

0-434

.39

0-008

1734

0-361

920

0-191

814

0-169

-0-250

-0-2.53

-1216

1 2025

0-421

39

0008

848

0-176

, 895

0-186

- 47

-0-010

-0-285

-0-288

-1384

1983

0-413

38

0008! 637

0-133

1 798

0 166

- 161

-0 033

-0-292

-0-293

-1408

1963

0-408

39

0008] 594

0-124

788

0-164

- 194

-0040

-0-226

-0-231 -1110

1935

0-403

41

0-009 866

0-180

728

0-151

138

0-029

19a— 601

888

DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 25— Continued .

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE

Date.

Water Levels of
Detroit River.

Windmill
Point.

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Aniherst>
burg,
Ont..
Mean

of
Month

Storage

in

Lake St. Clair.

Foot
Depth.

Equiv-
alent,
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Water Levels of
Lake Michigan-Huron.

Mil-
waukee.
Wis.,
Mean

of
Month.

Harbour
Beach,
Mich.,
Mean

of
Month.

Mean. Milwaukee

and
Harbour Beach.

Mean

First

of

of

tfonth.

Month

1902

Jan

Feb...
Mar.. .

Apr

May . . .
June. . .
July...
Aug..r
Sept...
Oct....
Nov...
Dec...

1903

Jan

Feb...
Mar. . .
Apr. . .
May. . .
June. . .
July...
Aug. . .
Sept...
Oct....
Nov. . .
Dec...

1904
Jan —
Feb...
Mar. . .
Apr. . .
May. . .
June. . .
July...
Aug. . .
Sept. . .
Oct....
Nov...
Dec. . .

1903

Jan

Feb...
Mar. . .
Apr . . .
May. . .
June. . .
July...
Aug...
Sept. . .
Oct....
Nov...
Dec. . .

3
3
3

4
4
4
5
5
5
5
4
4

4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4

4
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4

574
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4

3
2
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4

4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4

3
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4

573
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4

2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2

571
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2

-0-
-l-O-
4-0-
-l-O-
-l-O-
+0-
+0-
-0-
-0-

-0-:

-0-

-1-0-1

-0-

-1-0-
-1-0 ■

-t-0-;

+0-
+0-'
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0--

-0-,
-fO-,

-I-0-;
-I-0-:

-l-O-

-t-o-

-0-1

-0

-0-

-0-

-0-

-0-,

-0-'
-1-0-'
-l-O-
+0-
+0-
+0-
-fO-i
-0-
-0-
-0-

-0-:

-1-0-1

-75

-0^

■32

-fO-

-63

-l-O-

■27

+0-

-33

+0-

■50

-fO-

•27

-l-O-

•22

-0^

24

-0^

23

-0-

14

-0^

03

0^

12

-0-

04

0^

45

-l-O-

26

-i-o^

03

0^

09

-fO-

01

0^

08

-0^

16

-o^

37

-0^

05

-0^

40

-0-

51

-o^

59

-l-O^

86

-l-O^

•34

-t-0^

■14

-t-o-

18

-fO-

04

0-

19

-0^

25

-0^

34

-0^

20

-0^

58

-0

70

-o^

04

0

62

-fO-

62

-l-O^

46

-l-O^

35

+0-

04

0^

14

-o^

28

-0-

34

-0^

23

-0-

02

0^

008
004
007
003
004
006
003
002
003
003
002
000

001
000
005
003
000
001
000
001
002
004
001
004

006
007
010
004
002
002
000
002
003
004
002
006

000
007
007
005
004
000
002,
003;
0O4
003
000,

9
9
9

580
0
0
0
0
0
0

579

9
9

580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

579

9
580
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0

580
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0

580 00

579-

57981

9-

9-73

9-

991

9-

580- 16

580-

048

0-

0-76

0-

083

0-

051

0-

027

0-

017

0-

579-93

579 •

974

9-

978

9-

9-92

9^

580-27

580 •

0-39

0^

056

0^

075

0^

073

0^

080

0-

0-83

0-

0-41

0-

012

0-

579-91

579 •

9-91

9^

580 08

580 •

063

0^

096

0^

1-42

155

1-53

136

126

0-95

0^

050

0-

580-38

580 •

030

0-

0^29

0-

066

0-

095

0-

1-40

157

1-56

1-45

1-22

1-

0-93

0^

0-67

0-

71

785

91

23

49

795

84

495

30

185

92

715I

815

99

30 I

41

585

77

725

785

665

275

00

905

885

11

615

955

385

455

395

275

16

85

47

325

255

31

685

96

38

555

535

43

095

82 I

61 '

579
9
9
9

580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

579
9
9

580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

579
9
9

580
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0

580
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0

952
795
748
848
070
360
642
818
668
398
242
052

818
765
902
145
355
498
678
748
755
725
470
138

952
895
998
362
785
170
420
425
335
218
005
660

398
290
282
498
822
170
468
545
482
262
958
715

0. — St. Clair River discharge used.

INTERNATIOXAh WATERWAYS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

889

MICHIGAN-HU RON— Continued.

Storage in
Lake Michigan-

r\.

^a

Outflow

Total Supply

Local Supply

Storage
in

Uuiiiuw
through
Detroit
River.

through
Chicago

to
Lake

Inflow from

St. Marys

to
Lake

Lake
Michi-

Huron and
Lake St. Clair.

Drainage
Canal.

Michigan-
Huron.

River.

Michigan-
Huron.

Huron,

Foot

Foot

Foot

Foot

Foot
Depth.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s.

100
c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100

c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100

c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

100
c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

-0157

-0-165

- 793

1522

0-317

42

0-009

771

0-160

670

0-139

101

0-021

-0047

-0

043

- 207

1464

0

305

42

0

009

1299

0-271

625

0-130

674

0

140

+0 100

+0

107

+ 514

1827

0

380

42

0

009

2383

0-496

613

0-128

1770

0

368

+0-222

+0

225

+ 1082

1816

0

378

42

0

009 2940

0-612

638

0-133

2302

0

479

+0-290

+0

294

+ 1413

1818

0

378

42

0

009 3273

0-681

667

0-139

2606

0

542

+0-282

+0

288

+1384

1936

0

403

41

0

009

3361

0-699

725

0-151

2636

0

.548

+0-176

+0

179

+ 860

2054

0

427

43

0

009

2957

0-615

760

0-158

2197

0

4.57

-0-150

-0

152

- 731

2003

0

417

42

0

009

1314

0-273

762

0-159

552

0

115

-0-270

-0

273

-1312

1944

0

404

43

0

009

675

0-140

770

0-160

- 95

-0

020

-0-156

-0

159 - 764

1905

0

396

42

0

009

1183

0-246

746

0-155

437

0

091

-0190

-0

192- 923

1846

0

384

42

0

009

965

0-201

757

0-157

208

0

043

-0-234

-0

234 -1125

1919

0

399

54

0

Oil

848

0-176

731

0-152

117

0

024

-0-053

-0

054 - 260

1988

0

414

61

0

013

1789

0-368

660

0137

1129

0

235

+0-137

+0

137 + 659

1851

0

385

57

0

012 2567

0-534

624

0-1.30

1943

0

404

+0-243

+0

248 +1192

1837

0

382

53

0

Oil

3082

0-641

610

0-127

2472

0

514

+0-210

+0

2131 + 1024

1879

0

391

46

0

010

2949

0-613

649

0-135

2300

0

478

+0-143

+0

143i+ 687

1803

0

375

46

0

010

2.536

0-528

709

0-147

1827

0

380

+0-180

+0

181 1+ 870

1911

0

398

48

0

010

2829

0-589

774

0161

2055

0

428

+0 070

+0

070 + 336

1958

0

407

49

0

010

2343

0-487

795

0-165

1.548

0

322

+0-007

+0

006;+ 29

1978

0

411

45

0

009

2052

0-427

810

0169

1242

0

258

-0-030

-0

032 - 154

1997

0

415

43

0

009

1886

0-392

813

0-169

1073

0

223

-0-255

-0

259 -1245

1999

0

416

45

0

009

799

0-166

838

0-174

- 39

-0

008

-0-332

-0

333-1601

1910

0

397

47

0

010

356

0-074

818

0-170

- 462

-0

096

-0-186

-0

190 - 913

2138

0

445

56

0

012

1281

0-266

750

0-156

531 0

110

-0-057

-0

063 - 303

1612

0

335

55

0

Oil

1.364

0-284

666

0139

698

0

145

+0-103

+0

096 + 461

1682

0

350

52

0

Oil

2195

0-4.57

630

0-131

1565

0

326

+0-364

+0

374^ + 1798

al825

0

380

55

0

Oil

3678

0-765

593

0-123

3085

0

642

+0-423

+0

427, +2053

2035

0

423

49

0

010

4137

0-861

649

0-135

3488

0

72(>

+0-385

+0

387 1 + 1860

1902

0

396

51

0

Oil

3813

0-793

700

0-146

3113

0

648

+0-250

+0

252; + 1211

2031

0

423

41

0

009

3283

0-683

739

0-154

2544

0

.529

+0 005

+0

005+ 24

2083

0

433

45

0

009

2152

0-448

760

0-158

1392

0

290

-0-090

-0

092 i- 442

2103

0

437

42

0

009

1703

0-354

771

0 160

932

0

194

-0117

-0

120- 577

2079

0

432

42

0

009

1544

0-321

787

0-164

757

0

157

-0-213

-0

217

-1043

2035

0

423

42

0

009

10.34

0-215

813

0-169

221

0

046

-0-345

-0

347

-1668

1992

0

414

42

0

009

366

0-076

796

0166

- 430

-0

089

-0-262

-0

268

-1288

2019

0

420

42

0

009

773

0-161

732

0-152

41

0

009

-0 108

-0

116

- 558

1580

0

329

42

0

009

1064

0-221

788

0-164

276

0

057

-0-008

-0

008 i- 38

1534

0

319

42

0

009

1538

0-320

712

0-148

826

0

172

+0-216

+0

223 +1072

1676

0

349

42

0

009

2790

0-580

670

0-139

2120

0

441

+0-324

+0

331 +1591

1947

0

405

42

0

009

3,580

0-745

747

0-1.55

2833

0

589

+0-348

+0

3.53 +1697

1922

0

400

42

0

009

3661

0-762

801

0-166

2860

0

,595

+0-298

+0

3021 + 1452

2066

0

430

42

0

009

3560

0-741

834

0-173

2726

0

567

+0-077

+0

0771+ 370

2118

0

441

42

0

009

2.530

0-526

899

0187

1631

0

339

-0-063

-0

065 - 312

2124

0

442

42

0

009

1854

0-386

923

0-192

931

0

194

-0-220

-0

223-1072

2094

0

436

42

0

009

1064

0-221

958

0 199

106

0

221

-0-304

-0

3081-1481

2052

0

427

42

0

009

613

0-128

965

0-201

- 352

-0

073

-0-243

-0

2461-1182

2004

0

417

42

0

009

864

0-180

923

0 192

- 59

-0

012

-0 145

-0

145

- 697

1942

«

404

42

0

009

1287

0-268

884

0-184

403

0

084

890

DEPARTMESr OF PUBLIC WOKKS

Table 25 — Continued.

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

SUPPLY FACTORS OF LAKE

Water Levels

of

Storage

Water Levels of

Detroit River.

in

Lake Michigan-Huron

T alrt^ cif r-i*.;,.

Windmill

.\mherst^

.LiBiie o^

U. V-»«li.

Mil- Harbour

Mean. Milwauki-e
and

Equiv-
alent,
Depth
Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Date.

1 O

in .

burg,

waukee, Beach,

HarV>our Beach.

Ont.,
Mean

of
Month .

Foot
Depth.

Wis.. ' Mich.,
Mean i Mean

of . of
Month. 1 Month.

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Firsi

of
Month.

1906

■

Jan

4-80

4-86

210

-0-38

-0004

0-53 0-53

0-53

0.570

Feb. . . .

4-42

3-99

2- 14

-0-42

-0005

0-68 0-69

0-685

0-fi08

Mar....

400

400

2-00

+0-44

+0005

0-83 0-76

0-795

0-740

Apr. . . .

4-44

4-88

2-43

-fO-60

+0 007

1-01 0-94

0-975

0-8S5

May....

504

5-20

2-68

-1-0-27

+0003

1-27 1-20

1-235

1-105

June

5-31

5 42

2-92

+0 19

+0-002

1-39 1-33

1-36

1-298

July....

5-50

5-58

302

+0 06

+0-001

1-44 1-45

1-445

1-402

Aug

5-56

5-54

2-97

-014

-0-002

1-41 1-36

1-385

1-415

Sept....

5-42

5-30

2-70

-0-23

-0003

1-06 1-12

1-09

1-238

Oct

519

5 08

2-38

-0-15

-0 002

0-86 0-87

0-865

0-978

Nov....

504

4-99

2-32

-010

-0001

0-68

0-68

0-68

0-772

Dec....

4-94

4-89

2-48

-0-02

0-000

0-69

0-65

0-67

0-675

1907

Jan

4-92

4-94

2-91

-012

-0-001

0-60 0-65

0-625

0-648

Feb....

4-80

4-65

2-66

-018

-0-002

0-64 0-68

0-66

0-642

Mar....

4-62

4-60

2-47

+0-30

+0-003

0-70 0-68

0-69

0-675

Apr. . . .

4-92

5-24

2-94

+0-42

+0-005

0-96 0-90

0-93

OSlO

May....

5-34

5-44

317

+0-27

+0-003

1-12 1-08

1-10

1-015

June

5-61

5-78

3-63

+0-23

+0-003

1-48 1-39

1-435

1-268

July....

5-84

5-90

3-59

-001

0-000

1-48' 1-64

1-56

1-498

Aug

5-83

5-76

3-3o

-019

-0 002

1-38J 1-49

1-435

1-498

Sept....

5-64

5-51

303

-0-18

-0-002

1-371 1-42

1-395

1-415

Oct

5-46

5-40

2-94

-0-24

-0003

1-16: 1-21

1-185

1-290

Nov....

5-22

505

2-53

-0-22

-0 002

0 74 0-83

0-785

0-985

Dec

500

4-96

2-41

0-63 0-62

0-625

0-705

JXTEEXATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

891

MICHIGAN-HURON— Continued.

1

Storage in
Lake Michigan-
Huron and
Lake St. Clair.

Outflow

O

iitflow

Total Supply

1
Local Suppiv

Storage
in

through
Detroit
River.

through
Chicago

to
Lake

Inflow from
St. Marvs

to
Lake

Lake
Michi-
gan-
Huron,

Drainage
Canal.

Michigan-
Huron.

River.

Michigan-
Huron.

Foot '

Foot

Foot

Foot

Foot
Depth.

Michigan ''•'•*•
Huron.

100
c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100

c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
c.f.s

Foot
Depth.

100
c.f.s.

Depth

Lake

Michigan

Huron.

100
1 c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

+0038

+0-034 + 163

1991

0-414

42

0-009 219G

0-457

821

0-171

1375

0-286

-1-0 -132

+0-127 + 610

1548

0-322

42

0-009 2200

0-458

760

0-158

1440

0-300

-(-0U.5

+0-150+ 721

1600

0-333

42

0-009 2363

0-492

720

0150

1643

0-342

-1-0 -220

+0-227 +1091

1905

0-396

42

0-009 3038

0-632

733

0-152

2305

0-480

4-0- 193

+0-196 + 942

1993

0-415

42

0 009 2977

0-619

792

0 165

2185

0-455

-1-0-104

+0-106 + 510

2034

0-423

42

0-009 2586

0-538

843

0-175

1743

0-363

-f0013

+ 0-014+ 67

2089

0-435

42

0-009, 2198

0-457

880

0-183

1318

0-274

-0177

-0-179 - 860

2082

0-433

42

0-009 1264

0-263

873

0 182

391

0-081

-0-2I50

-0-263 -1264

2039

0-424

42

0-009 817

0-170

873

0 182

- 56

-0-012

-0-20«

-0-20S -1000

2021

0-420

42

O-OOO: 1063

0-221

855

0 178

208

0043

-0097

-0098- 471

1994

0-415

42

0009, 1.565

0-326

823

0171

742

0-154

-0027

-0-027

- 130

1895

0-394

42

0 009j 1807

0-376

779

0-162

1028

0-214

-0006

-0-007

1

- 34;

1779

0-370

42

1
0009 1787

0-372-

ri8

0-149

1069

0-222

-1-0 033

+0-031

+ 149

1711

0-356

42

0 009 1902

0-396'

683

0-142

1219

0-254

-1-0-1.35

+0-138

+ 663

1749

0-354

42

0-009' 2454

0-5U

666

0-139

1788

0-372

-(-0-205

+0-210

+ 1010

1931

0-402

42

0-009 2983

0 621

712

0-148

2271

0-472

-FO-253

+0-2.56

+ 1231

1962

0-408

42

0-009; 3235

0-673

734

0-153

2501

0 520

-fO-230

+0-233

+ 1120,

1990

0-414

42

0-009 3152

0-6,56:

810

0-169

2342

0-487

0-000

0-000

0

2075

0-432

42

0-000 2117

0 440

849

0-177

1268

0-264

-0-083

-0-0S5

- 409

2028

0-422

42

0-009 1661

0.346

880

0-183

781

0-162

-0-125

-0-127

- 610,

2047

0-426

42

0-009 1479

0-,308

917

0191

562

0-117

-0-305

-0-30S

-1481

2017

0-420

42

0-009 578

0-120

919

0191

- 341

-0-071

-0-280

-0-282

-1356

1961

. 0-408

42

0-009 647

0-1.35

891

0-185

- 244

-0-051

19.52

0-406

42

0 009

803

0-167

892

DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

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INTERNATIONAL WATEItWATS COMMISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

893

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DEI'ARrJIE\r OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

o a
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^ S S W

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o = 5 «
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3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

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DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

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926

DEPARTMEyr OP PUBLIC WORKS

Table 33.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE

2

1^

>^

C

Vater Levels or

Storage

I"

H

^=2

_>.

■^^

Lake Erie.

IN

'&"

M

-9i<=

1 .

>

"e-s

Lake

Erie.

14

2"

C8

s

CO o

II

III

CO

m .

Date.

Cleveland, 0.

Buffalo

, N.Y.

•21

First

Mean

First

Mean

3 =

1^

of

of

of

of

Foot

100

S.t

"cSO

s|s

0) O

3 Sfe

II

Month.

Month.

Month.

Month.

Depth.

C.f.B.

1«

o

-So

I*"

&H
H

1890
Januarj' ....

572-20

572-38

572-64

672-93

+0-32

+338

2157

2495

-44

2304

-191

573-8

February...

2-52

2-67

2-84

2-74

+0-21

+222

2112

2334

+ 64

2559

+225

3-7

March

2-73

2-79

2-86

2-98

+0-31

+328

2170

2498

+338

2672

+174

3-7

April

304

3-28

310

3-23

+0-41

+434

2230

2664

+179

2677

+ 13

3-8

May

3-45

3-62

3-41

3-59

+0-35

+370

2321

2691

- 88

2576

-115

3-9

June

3-80

3-99

3-76

3-92

0-00

0

2405

2405

-129

2562

+157

4-0

July

August

3-80

3-61

3-78

3-64

-0-42

-444

2333

1889

-186

2219

+330

4-0

3-38

3-15

3-40

3-17

-0-32

-338

2216

1878

-183

1706

-172

4-0

September.

306

2-98

3-00

2-82

-0-18

-190

2131

1941

-130

1748

-193

4-0

October.. . .

2-88

2-79

2-82

2-81

-0-10

-106

2129

2023

- 49

1892

-131

4-0

November.

2-78

2-76

2-90

3-00

-0-14

-148

2175

2027

+106

2129

+ 102

4-0

December..

2-64

2-53

2-87

2-74

-0-22

-233

2112

1879

+122

2149

+270

3-9

1891
January ....

2-42

2-31

2-61

2-48

-0-12

-127

2051

1924

- 44

1S35

- 89

3-8

February...

2-30

2-29

2-42

2-36

+0-22

+233

2025

2258

+ 64

1988

-270

3-7

March

2-52

2-75

2-43

2-50

+0-16

+ 169

2056

2225

+338

2596

+371

3-7

April

2-68

2-62

2-56

2-62

-0-15

-159

2085

1926

+179

2404

+478

3-8

May

June

2-53

2-44

2-51

2-40

-0-02

- 21

2033

2012

- 88

1838

-174

3-9

2-51

2-58

2-39

2-38

+0-02

+ 21

2029

2050

-129

1883

-167

4-0

July

2-53

2-48

2-47

2-56

-0-19

-201

2070

1869

-186

1864

- 5

4-0

August

2-34

2-21

2-42

2-27

-0-22

-233

2004

1771

-183

1686

- 85

4-0

September.

212

2-03

2-18

2-10

-0-28

-296

1965

1669

-130

1641

- 28

4-0

October. . . .

1-84

1-65

1-92

1-73

-0-41

-434

1882

1448

- 49

1620

+172

4-0

November.

1-43

1-21

1-70

1-67

-0-19

-201

1870

1669

+106

1554

-115

4-0

December..

1-24

1-28

1-68

1-70

+0-06

+ 63

1876

1939

+122

1791

-148

3-9

1892
January ....

1-30

1-31

1-66

1-61

-0-10

-106

1857

1751

- 44

1895

+144

3-S

February...

1-20

1-10

1-26

0-92

-008

- 85

1712

1627

+ 64

1815

+188

3-7

March

1-12

1-14

1-02

1-12

+0-30

+317

1754

2071

+338

1965

-106

3-7

April

1-42

1-70

1-54

1-96

+0-68

+719

1933

2652

+179

2250

-402

3-8

May

210

2-50

218

2-40

+0-78

+825

2033

2858

- 88

2564

-294

3-9

June

2-SS

3-26

2-80

3-21

+0-44

+465

2225

2690

-129

2729

+ 39

4-0

July

573-32

573-38

573-32

573-42

-012

-127

2278

2151

-186

2504

+353

574-0

August

3-20

3-03

3-24

3-05

-0-33

-349

2187

1838

-183

1968

+130

4-0

September.

2-87

2-71

2-92

2-78

-0-44

-465

2122

1657

-130

1708

+ 51

40

October.. . .

2-43

2-15

2-62

2-45

-0-45

-476

2045

1569

- 49

1608

+ 39

4-0

November.

1-98

1-82

2-26

2-07

-0-30

-317

1957

1640

+106

1675

+ 35

4-0

December..

1-68

1-55

206

2-04

-0-32

-338

1952

1614

+122

1762

+148

3-9

1893
January. . . .

1-36

1-17

1-66

1-27

-0-15

-159

1785

1626

- 44

1570

- 56

3-8

February...

1-21

1-25

1-24

1-22

+0-15

+159

1775

1934

+ 64

1690

-244

3-7

March

1-36

1-47

1-38

1-53

+0-48

+508

1840

2348

+338

2272

- 76

3-7

April

1-84

2-20

1-86

2- 19

+0-78

+825

1985

2810

+179

2527

-283

3-8

May

2-62

304

2-55

2-91

+0-52

+550

2153

2703

- 88

2722

+ 19

3-9

June

3-14

3-23

308

3-26

-0-05

- 53

2237

2184

-129

2574

+390

4-0

July

3-09

2-95

3-20

3-13

-0-31

-328

2203

1875

-186

1998

+ 123

4-0

August

2-78

2-61

2-84

2-54

-0-36

-381

2065

1684

-183

1692

+ 8

4-0

September

2-42

2-23

2-42

2-29

-0-36

-381

2007

1626

-130

1554

- 72

40

October. . . .

2-06

1-88

2-24

2-19

-0-38

+402

1985

1583

- 49

1577

- 6

40

November.

1-68

1-48

2-18

2-17

-0-16

+169

1980

1811
21B2

+106

1689

-122

40

December..

1-52

1-56

215

213

+0-18

+190

1972

+122

1933

-229

3-9

0. — The flow of 1,000 c.f.s. through the Erie Canal, and that of 1,100 c.f.s. through the Welland Canal
have been omitted.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS OOUMISSION

927

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
BETWEEN STAGES 573-7 AND 574-7.

11

> 3

0

*o

£2

Regulated

■3

h o

oO

u

0

Regulated

i°

|(i<

Lake

Level

■3*2

•Co

0 ^

Storage

IN

a1

minus actual
Lake Level,

SE

Is

3 S

"31

(L> 0

Lake

Erie.

0). "

■s'i

Buffalo, N.Y.

"3^

Sluice
Gates.

7/1 tM

.5 c w

*^z

I-!!! •

i-)2;

^°

■^ 0 .

■a>5

"O ..r

IS C80
,13 -j4^

1-2

u o_-
"s 1.0

§■(52

100

C.f.3.

Foot
Depth.

gcqS

First

of

Month.

Mean
of

Month.

til
Spqa

o

00

w

«

rt Pi

-0.10

+106

2410

2374

+121

+0.10

1
573.80 r 0.00

1.16

1.1157

4.04

Open January-

-fl.20 +211

2770

2400

- 66

-0.06

3.90+0.20

1.06

1.02

3.76

Open February

-0.04 + 42

2714

2384

+114

+0.10

3.84 +0.14

0.98

0.91

3.89

Open March

-0.04 + 42

2719

2410

+254

+0.21

3.94+0.14

0.84

0.79

4.02

Open April

-0.15 +159

2735

2466

+225

+0.19

4.15+0.25

0.74

0.66

4.25

Open May

—0.34 +360

2922

2516

-111

-0.09

4.34 +0.34

0.58

0.52

4.44

Open June

-0.251 +264

2483

2483

-594

-0.50

4-25 +0.25

0.47

0.41

4.05

Part July

+0.25' -264

1442

1667

+211

+0.20

3.75 -0.25

0.35

0.65

3.82

Min. August

+0.05 - 53

1695

1695

+246

+0.21

3.95-0.05

0.95

1.14

3.96

Part September

-0.16 +169

2016

2016

- 38

-0.03

4.16]+0.16

1.34

1.28

4.09

Part October

-0.23 +243

2372

2372

-345

-0.29

4.13

+0.13

1.23

1.10

4.10

Part November

-0.04

+ 42

2191

2191

-312

-0.26

3.84

-0.06

0.97

0.97

3.71

Part December

+0.12 -127

1708

1708

+216

+0.18

3.58

-0.22

0-97

1.16

3.64

Part January

-0.06 -127

2051

2051

+207

+0.17

3.76

+0.06

1.34

1.42

3.78

Part February

-0.13 +137

2733

2408

-183

-0.15

3.93

+0.23

1.50

1.36

3.86

Open March

+0.12 -127

2277

2277

-361

-0.30

3.78

-0.02

1.22

1.10

3.72

Part April

+0.52 -550

1288

1667

+345

+0.33

3.48

-0.42

0.97

1.20

3.60

Min. May

+0.19 -201

1682

1682

+368

+0.31

3.81

-0.19

1.42

1.54

3.92

Part June

-0.12 +127

1991

1991

-122

-0.10

4.12

+0.12

1.65

1.62

4.18

Part IJuly

+0.02 + 21

1707

1707

+ 64

+0.05

4.02

+0.02

1.60

1.74

4.01

Part August

-0.07, + 74

1715

1715

- 46

-0.04

4.07

+0.07

1.89

2.00

4.10

Part September.

-0.03' + 32

1652

1667

-219

-0.21

4.03

+0.03

2.11

2.12

3.85

Min. October

+0.08, - 85

1469

1667

+ 2

0.00

3.82

-0.18

2.12

2.13

3.80

Min. November

-0.02

- 21

1812

1812

+127

+0.11

3.82

-0.08

2.14

2.20

3.90

Part December

-0.23

+243

2138

2138

-387

-0.32

3.93+0.13

2.27

2.31

3.92

Part January

+0.09 - 95

1720

1720

- 93

-0.08

3.61 -0.09

2.35

2.43

3.35

Part February

+0.27 -286

1679

1679

+392

+0.33

3.53-0.17

2.51

2.42

3.54

Part March

+0.04 - 42

2208

2208

+444

+0.37

3.86+0.06

2.32

2.18

4.14

Part April

+0.23: +243

2807

2487

+371

+0.31

4.23+0.33

2.05

1.90

4.30

Open May

-0.54! +571

3300

2571

+119

+0.10

4.54 +0.54

1.74

1.53

4.74

Open June

-0.64

+677

3181

2598

-447

-0.38

574.64 0.64

1.32

1.1757

4.59

Open July

-0.26

+275

2243

2243

-405

-0.34

4.26+0.26

1.02

1.01

4.06

Part August

+0.08

- 85

1623

1667

- 10

-0.01

3.92 -0.08

1.00

1.14

3.92

Min. September

+0.09

- 95

1513

1667

- 98

-0.09

3.911-0.09

1.29

1.42

3.87

Min. October

+0.08

- 85

1590

1667

- 27

-0.03

3. 82! -0.18

1.56

1.64

3.71

Min. November

+0.01

- 11

1751

1751

-137

-0.12

3.79

-0.11

1.73

1.87

3.91

Part December

+0.03

- 32

1538

1667

- 41

-0.04

3.67

-0.13

3.01

2.20

3.47

Min. January

+0.07 - 74

1616

1667

+267

-0.25

3.63

-0.07

2.39

2.44

3.66

Min. February

-0.08' + 85

2357

2357

- 29

-0.01

3.88

+0.18

2.50

2.26

3.79

Part March

+0.03 - 32

2495

2392

+418

+0.35

3.87

+0.07

2.01

1.84

4.03

Open April

+0.22! +233

2955

2484

+219

+0.1S

4.22

+0.32

1.67

1.50

4.41

Open Mau

-0.40; +423

2997

2532

-348

-0.29

4.40

+0.40

1.32

1.12

4.38

Open June

-O.U +116

2114

2114

-239

-0.20

4.11

-0.11

0.91

0.99

4.12

Part July

+0.09 - 95

1597

1667

. + 17

+0.02

3.91-0.09

1.07

1.29

3.83

Min. August

+0.07: _ 74

1480

1667,

- 41

-0.04

3.93 -0.07

1.51

1.58

3.87

Min. September

+0.11; -116

1461

1667;

- 84

-0.08

3.89 -0 11

1.65

1.64

3.83

Min. October

+0.09] - 95

1594

16671

+144

+0.14

3.81 -0.19

1.63

1.72

3.89

Min. November

-0.15 -159

2092

2092

+ 70

+0.06

3.95 +0.05

1.80

1.84

3.97

Part December

928

DEPJ-RTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 33.

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913
REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE

fz

;;■

s -4 ■

^
^

>

(0

Water Levels of

Storage

1

^4

■^■a

>>

oZ

>>o

Lake

Erie.

IN

Lake Erie.

2 =
■id

s

■5 It;

1

■ill

Is

Date.

Cleveland, 0.

Buffalo

. X.Y.

o c

— =

"o, .

^-' o -"

HS

.^ - c

■is =

First

Mean

First

Mean

s r"

■j: j

■s>>i

T3 .-■

T3-3 ^

Is

of

of

of

of

Foot

100

_r >

"50

III

l§

Ise

Month.

Month.

Month.

Month.

Depth.

c.f.s.

o

5o

&x

1S94

January ....

1-70

1-84

213

2 13

+008

+ 85

1972

2057

- 44

2118

+ 61

3-0

February...

1-78

1-72

1-94

1-7.5

-004

- 42

1.^87

1845

+ 64

2121

+276

3-7

March

1-74

1-75

1-80

1-86

+0-21

+222

1910

2132

+338

2183

+ 51

3-7

April

1-95

2-15

1-96

205

+0-39

+412

1953

2365

+ 179

2311

- 54

3-8

May

2-34

2-54

2-30

2-55

+0-30

+317

2067

2384

-^88

2277

-107

3-9

June

2-64

2-75

2-74

2-94

+0-10

+ 106

2160

2266

-i29

2255

- 11

4-0

July

2-74

2-73

2-88

2-81

-0-20

-211

2129

1918

-186

2080

-162

4 0

August

254

2-36

2-58

2 34

-0-26

-275

2019

1744

-183

1735

- 9

4 0

September .

2-28

219

2-26

2 17

-0-25

-264

I98I

1717

-1.30

1614

-103

4 0

October —

203

1-87

217

217

-0-28

-296

1981

1685

- 49

1668

- 17

4 0

November.

1-75

1.63

208

1-99

-0-15

-159

1941

1782

+ 106

1791

+ 9

40

December..

1-60

1-56

1-90

1-82

-0-20

-211

1902

1691

+ 122

1904

+213

3-9

1S95

•

January

1-40

1-23

1-76

1-69

-0-28

-296

1875

1579

- 44

1647

+ 68

3-8

February...

1-12

100

1-34

100

-0-12

-127

1728

1601

- 64

1643

+ 42

3-7

March

100

101

0-96

0-92

+014

+ 148

1712

1860

+338

1939

+ 79

3-7

April

114

1-26

102

113

+0-23

+243

1756

1999

+ 179

2039

+ 40

3-8

May

1-37

1-48

1-30

1-48

+0-15

+ 159

1829

1988

- 88

1911

- 77

3-9

June

1-52

1-57

1-53

1-58

0-00

0

1851

1851

-129

1859

+ 8

4-0

July

1-52

1-46

1-57

1-56

-0-10

-106

1846

1740

-186

1665

- 75

4-0

August

1-42

1-38

1-49

142

-0-09

- 95

1817

1722

-183

1557

-165

4-0

September.

1-33

1-28

1-43

1-44

-0-29

-307

1821

1514

-130

1592

+ 78

4-0

October

104

0-80

1-32

1-20

-0-29

-307

1771

1464

- 49

1465

+ 1

4-0

November.

0-75

0-70

0-96

0-71

+003

+ 32

1670

1702

+ 106

1570

-132

4-0

December..

0-78

0-86

0-84

0 97

+0-13

+137

1723

1860

+ 122

1824

- 36

3-9

1896

January

0-91

0-96

l.(M

112

+0-01

+ 11

1754

1765

- 44

1816

+ 51

3-8

February..

0-92

. 0-88

108

105

-006

- 63

1739

1676

+ 64

1829

+ 153

3-7

March

0-86

0-83

0-87

0-69

+0-20

+211

1666

1877

+338

2014

+ 137

3-7

April

106

1-28

0-96

1-22

+0-41

+434

1775

2209

+ 179

2056

-153

3-8

May

1-47

1-66

1-44

1-67

+0-33

+349

1870

2219

- 88

2121

- 98

3-9

June

1-80

1-93

1-68

1-68

+007

+ 74

1872

1946

-129

2090

+ 144

4-0

July

1-87

181

1-77

1-86

+0 05

+ 53

1911

1964

-186

1760

-204

4-0

August

1-92

202

1-98

209

-006

- 63

1962

1899

-183

1781

-118

4-0

September.

1-86

1-70

1-88

1-67

-0-28

-296

1870

1574

-130

1769

+ 195

4-0

October

158

1-56

1-54

1-41

-0-30

-317

1815

1498

- 49

1525

+ 27

4-0

November.

1-28

109

1-42

1-44

-0-18

-190

1821

1631

+ 106

1604

- 27

40

December..

110

112

1-34

1-23

0-00

0

1776

1776

+122

1752

- 23

3-9

1897

January'. . . .

110

109

1-41

1-59

+0-09

+ 95

1854

1949

- 44

1732

-217

3-8

February...

119

1-29

1-37

115

+0-29

+307

1760

2067

+ 64

2013

- 54

3-7

March..:...

1-48

1-66

1-40

1-66

+0-46

+486

1867

2352

+338

2405

+ 52

3-7

April

1-94

2-21

1-92

2-18

+0-44

+465

1983

2448

+ 179

2532

+ 84

3-8

May

2-38

2-54

2-39

2-60

+0-21

+222

2080

2302

- 88

236C

+ 5.'

3-9

June

2-59

2-64

2-60

2-59

+0-05

+ 53

2076

2129

- 12f

217r

+ 44

4-0

July

2-64

2-63

2-58

2-57

-009

- 95

2072

1977

-ise

194?

- 3-f

4-0

August

2-55

2-47

2-51

2-45

-0-22

-233

2045

1S12

-1S3

1794

- 18

4-0

September.

2-33

219

2-27

209

-0-39

-412

1963

1551

-130

1682

+131

40

October —

1-94

1-70

1-87

1-65

-0-30

-317

1865

1548

- 49

1502

- 46

4-0

November.

1-64

1-57

1-67

1-69

-008

- 85

1874

1789

+106

1654

-135

4-0

December..

1-56

1-54

1-75

1-81

0-00

0

1900

1900

+122

1911

+ 11

3-9

-The flow of 1000 c. f. s. through the Erie Canal and that of 1100 c. f. s. through the Welland Canal
have been omitted.

INTERNATIOXIL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOy

929

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
BETWEEN STAGES 573-7 AND ->74-7.

1

k

c

II

=3 -t^

o -

Regulated
Storage

IX

Lake Erie.

1

a-

ii

Regulated
Lake Level

minus .\ctual
Lake Level,

BlTFALO, N.Y.

> s

0), "

Sluice

3

o

— o

QJ O

si

11^

Gates.

Si

ta^ o

111

First

Mean

1|^

C3-S O

gS'S

S|

•llo

100

Foot

of

of

^'ig

cS 0}

j:j3

&«

ss:s

c.f.s.

Depth.-

Month.

Month.

Sfffl

O

Go

H

rt

tf

«

«

-0.31

+ 328

2446

2429

-372

-0.31

4.01

+0.21

1.88

1.82

3.95

Open January

0.00

0

2121

2121

-276

-0.23

3.70

0.00

1.76

1.72

3.47

Part

Februarj-

+0.33

—

349

1834

18.34

+298

+0.25

3.47

-0.23

1.67

1.72

3.58

Part

March

+0.18

—

190

2121

2121

+244

+0.21

3.72

-0.08

1.76

1.70

3.75

Part

April

+0.07

—

74

2203

2203

+ 181

+0.15

3-93

+0.03

1.63

1.48

4.03

Part

May

-0.08

+

85

2340

2340

- 74

-0.06

4.08

+0.08

1.34

1.24

4.18

Part

June

-0.02

+

21

2101

2101

-183

-0.15

4.02

+0.02

1.14

1.22

4.03

Part

July

+0.13

—

137

1598

1667

+ 77

-0.07

3.87

-0.13

1.29

1.48

3.82

Min.

August

+0.06

—

63

1551

1667

+ 50

+0.05

3.94

-0.06

1.68

1.75

3.92

Min.

September

+0.01

—

11

1657

1667

+ 18

+0.02

3.99

-0.01

1.82

1.88

4.05

Min.

October

-0.11

+

116

1907

1907

-125

-0.11

4.01

tO.Ol

1.93

1.96

3.95

Part

November

-0.10

+

106

2010

2010

-319

-0.27

3.90

0.00

2.00

1.94

3.76

Part

December

+0 07

_

74

1573

1667

- 88

-0 08

3-63

-0-17

1-87

204

3-73

Min.

January

+015

—

159

1484

1667

- 66

-0-06

3-55

-0-15

2-21

2-37

3-37

Min.

February

+0-31

—

328

1611

1667

+ 193

+0-18

3-49

-0-21

2-53

2-59

3-51

Min.

March

+0-23

—

243

1796

1796

+203

+0-17

3-67

-013

2-65

2-60

3-73

Part

April

+016

—

169

1742

1742

+246

+0-21

3-84

-0-06

2-54

2-53

4-01

Part

May

-005

+

53

1912

1912

- 61

-0 05

4-05

+0-05

2-52

2-48

406

Part

June

000

0

1665

1667

+ 73

+0-07

400

0-00

2-43

2-50

4-06

Min.

July

-007

+

74

1631

1667

+ 55

+0-05

4-07

+0-07

2-58

2-64

4-06

Min.

August

-012

+

127

1719

1719

-205

-0-17

4-12

-012

2-69

2-66

4-10

Part

September

+0 05

53

1412

1667

-203

-0-19

3-95

+0-05

2-63

2-72

3-92

Min

October

+0-14

—

148

1422

1667

+ 35

+0-03

3-76

-0-24

2-80

2-88

3-59

Min.

November

+0 01

—

11

1813

1S13

+ 47

+0-04

3-79

-0 11

2-95

2-87

3-84

Part

December

-013

+

137

1953

1953

-188

-0-16-

3-83

+0-03

2-79

2-69

3-81

Part

January

+0-03

—

32

1797

1797

-121

-0-10

3-67

-0 03

2-59

2-64

3-69

Part

February

+0-23

—

243

1771

1171

+ 106

-0-09

3-57

-0-13

2-70

2-70

3-39

Part

March

+0-24

—

254

1802

1802

+407

+0-34

3-66

-0-14

2-70

2-63

3-85

Part

April

000

0

2121

2121

+ 98

+0-08

4-00

+0-10

2-56

2-48

4-15

Part

May

-0-08

+

85

2175

2175

-229

-0-19

4-08

+0-08

2-40

2-26

3-94

Part

June

+0-11

116

1644

1667

+297

+0-28

4-89

-0-11

2-12

2-16

4-02

Min.

July

-0-17

+

180

1961

1961

- 62

-005

3-17

+0-17

2-19

2-22

4-31

Part

August

-012

+

127

1896

1896

-322

-0-27

4-12

+0-12

2-24

2-28

3-95

Part

September

+0-15

159

1366

1667

-169

-0-16

3-85

-0-15

2-31

2-29

3-70

Min.

October

+0-21

—

222

1382

1667

- 36

-0 03

3-69

-0-31

2-27

2-30

3-74

Min.

November

+0-U

—

148

1605

1667

+109

+1-10

3-36

-0-24

2-32

2-34

3-57

Min.

December

-006

+

63

1795

1795

+154

+0-13

3-76

-0-04

2-35

2-44

4-03

Part

January

-019

+

201

2214

2214

-147

-0-12

3-89

+0-19

2-52

2-44

3-59

Part

February

+0 03

32

2373

2366

- 13

-001

3-77

+0 07

2-37

2-10

3-76

Dpen March

+0-14

-

148

2384

2364

- 84

+0 07

3-76

-0-04

1-84

1-64

3-82

Open April

+0-17

—

180

2180

2180

+ 122

+0-10

3-83

-0-07

1-44

1-38

3-98

Part

May

+0 07

—

74

2099

2099

+ 30

+0 03

3-93

-0-07

1-33

1-36

3-95

Part

June

+004

_

42

1901

1901

+ 76

+0-06

3-96

-0-04

1-38

1-44

4-01

Part

July

-002

+

21

1815

1815

- 3

0-00

4-02

+0-02

1-51

1-63

4-08

Part

August

-0 02

+

21

1703

1703

-152

-0-13

4-02

+0-12

1-75

1-88

3-97

Part

September

+0-11

116

1386

1667

-119

-Oil

3-89

-0-11

2-02

2-06

3-71

Min.

October

+012

_

127

1527

1667

+ 122

+0-12

3-78

-0-22

2-11

2-13

3-82

Min.

November

-0 10

+

106

2017

2017

-117

-0-10

3-90

0-00

2-15

2-10

3-91

Part

December

930

DEPAHTMEXT OF PUBLIC "WORKS

Table 33.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE

Water Levels of
Lake Erie.

Date.

Cleveland, O.

First

of

Month.

Buffalo, N.Y.

Mean First

of of

Month. Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Storage

IN

Lake Erie.

Foot
Depth.

100
c.f.s.

a
d

1.1

►J
"a ■

C m
CO u
1§

o —

H

o.S
"T3

flj o

H

CO -

_ >.

•2-3

111

S3

1898

January

Februarj'...

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.

October

November.
December..

1899
Januarj'. . . .
February.. .

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.

October

November.
December..

1900

January

February.. .

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.

October

November.
December..

1901

Januan,'

February...

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.
October. . . .
November.
December..

1-56
1-69
1-92
2-34
2-70
2-80
572-70
2-49
2-20
1-91
1-75
1-60

1-60
1-56
1-64
1-98
2-28
2-50
2-42
2-18
1-97
1-73
1-62
1-48

1-35
1-46
1-74
208
2-31
2-43
2-40
2-32
215
1-87
1-62
1-47

1-40
M8
0-94
108
1-30
1-52
1-82
1-84
1-74
1-52
1-24
118

1-59
1-79
205
2-63
2-78
2-81
572-59
2-39
2-01
1-81
1-69
1-52

1-67
1-46
1-83
2-13
2-44
2-56
2-28
2-09
1-85
1-61
1-62
1-34

1-36
1-57
1-92

2

2

2

2

2

1

1-75

1-49

1-45

1-35
100
0-88
1-29
1-31
1-72
1-91
1-78
1-71
1-33
1-16
119

1-74
1-62
1-76
2-25
2-62
2-70
572-61
2-48
2-27
2-00
1-96
204

206
1-82
1-72
1-94
2-18
2-42
2-48
2-27
2-00
1-69
1-52
1-76

1-82
1-64
1-72
1-99
2-24
2-37
2-42
2-37
2-19
1-88
1-76
1-80

1-68
2-32
0-92
0-94
1-11
1-43
1-78
1-79
1-72
1-64
1-46
1-38

1-68
1-S7i
1-95;
2-55
2-68
2-72
572-50
2-46
208!
1-91
2-01
2-07

205
1-59
1-85
2-04
2-32
2-51
2-45
209
1-90
1-48
1-55
1-96

1-67
1-61
1-82
2-16
2-33
2-41
2-43
2-31
2-07
1-68
1-84
1-77

1-60
103
0-82
1-05
1-17
1-69
1-88
1-70
1-75
1-53
1-39
1-37

+0-13
+0-23
+0-42
+0-36
+0-10
-0-10
-0-21
-0-29
-0-29
-0-16
-015
0-00

-004
+0-08
+0-34
+0-30
+0-22
-0-08
-0-24
-0-21
-0-24
-0-11
-014
-0-13

+011
+0-28
+0-34
+0-23
+0-12
-0-03
-008
-0-17
-0-28
-0-25
-0-15
-007

-0-22
-0-24
+0-14
+0-22
+0-22
+0-30
+0 02
-0-10
-0-22
-0-28
-0-06
-004

+137
+243
+444
+381
+106
-106
-222
-307
-307
-169
-159
0

- 42

+ 85
+360
+317
+233

- 85
-254
-222
-254
-116
-148
-137

+116
+296
+360
+243
+127

- 32

- 85
-180
-296
-264
-159

- 74

- 233

- 254
+ 148
+ 233
+ 233
+ 317
+ 21

- 106

- 233

- 296

- 63

- 42

1872
1849
1930
2067
2098
2107
2056
2047
1960
1922
1944
1957

1953
1854
1908
1952
2015
2058
2045
1962
1920
1829
1845
1933

1870
1857
1902
1978
2017
2035
2040
2013
1957
1872
1906
1891

1855
1734
1691
1739
1765
1875
1915
1876
1887
1840|
1810|
1806,

2009
2092
2374
2448
2204
2001
1834
1740
1653
1753
1785
1957

1911
1939

2268
2269
2248
1973
1791
1740
1666
1713
1697

- 44
+ 64
+338
+179

- 88
-129
-186
-183
-130

- 49
+106
+122

- 44
+ 64
+338
+179

- 88
-129
-186
-183
-130

- 49
+106

1796 +122

- 44
2153 + 64
2262' +338

2221 +179
21441

2003
1955
1833
1661
1608
1747
1817

1622
1480
1839
1972!
1998|
2192
19361
17701
1654
1544
1747!
17641

-129
-186
-183
-130
- 49
+106
+122

- 44
+ 64
+338
+119

- 88
-129
-186
-183
-130

- 49
-106
+122

1856
2073
2430
2553
2360
2075
1815
1651
1610
1604
1859
1907

1913
1975

2277
2447
2181
2119
1787
1608
1610
1617
1819
1819

-153

- 19
+ 56
+ 105
+156
+ 74

- 19

- 89

- 43
-149
+ 26

- 50

+ 2
+ 36
+ 9
+178

- 67
+146

- 4
-132

- 56

- 96
+122
+ 23

1752 -234

2050: -103

2491' +229

24411 +220

2133 - 11

2015 + 12

1817 -138

1772
1703
1612
1714
1869

1773
1686
1818
201S
1884
1869
2006
1753
1640

- 61
+ 42
+ 4

- 33
+ 52

+151
+206

- 21
+ 46
-114
-323
+ 70

- 17

- 14

3-8
3-7
3-7

3

3-

4-

574-

4-
4-
4-
4-

3-9

3-8
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-9
4-0

3-8
3-7
3-7
3-8

1605 + 61
1650l - 97
18691 +105

a.— The flow of 1000 c. f. s. through the Erie Canal and that of 1100 c. f. s. through the Welland Canal
have been omitted.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

931

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa
BETWEEN STAGES 573-7 AND 574-7.

to

.1

O 6

.2

Regulated
Storage

o
1.1

1

Regdlated
Lake Level

"0

> 01

'aE"2

a Co

~ o

<Ul-H

V o

IN

Lake Erie.

11

minus actual

Lake Level,

Buffalo, N.Y.

Sluice
Gates.

bange in
by last ol
Depth.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

^44

"So

O

OO

w

OS

«

Ai

pj

-0-10

+ 106

1962

1962

+ 47

+0-04

3-80

0-00

2-06

2-14

3-82

Part

January

-0-14

+ 148

2221

2221

-129

-0-11

+3-84

0-14

2-22

210

3-67

Part

February

+0-07

- 74

2356

2356

+ 18

+0-02

+3-73

0-03

1-97

1-74

3-69

Open March

+0-15

- 159

2394

2362

+ 86

+0-07

-3-75

0-05

1-50

1-35

3-90

Open April

+0-18

- 190

2170

2170

+ 34

+0-03

-3-82

0-08

1-20

1-18

3-86

Part

May

+0-15

- 159

1916

1916

+ 85

+0-07

-3-85

0-15

M5

1-23

3-95

Part

June

+0-08

- 85

1730

1730

+104

+0-09

573-92

0-08

1-31

1-42

573-92

Part

July

-001

+ 11

1662

1667

- 73

-0-07

+4-01

0-01

1-53

1-67

413

Min.

August

-008

+ 85

1695

1695

- 42

-0-04

+4-08

0-08

1-81

1-92

4-00

Part

September

-004

+ 42

1646

1667

+ 86

+0-08

+4-04

0-04

2-04

2-10

4-01

Min.

October

-0-22

+ 233

2092

2092

-307

-0-26

+4-12

0-12

2-16

1-99

400

Part

November

-006

+ 63

1970

1970

- 13

-001

-3-86

0-04

1-82

1-80

3-87

Part

December

-0-15

+ 159

2072

2072

-161

-0-14

+3-85

0-05

1-79

1-84

3-89

Part

January

-0-01

+ 11

1986

1986

- 47

-0-04

+3-71

0-01

1-89

1-92

3-51

Part

February

+013

- 137

2140

2140

+128

+0-11

-3-67 0-03

1-95

1-90

3-75

Part

March

+0-12

- 127

2320

2320

- 51

-004

-3-780-02

1-84

1-70

3-74

Part

April

+0-26

- 275

1906

1906

+342

+0-29

-3-74

0-16

1-56

1-58

3-90

Part

May

-003

+ 32

2151

2151

-178

-0-15

+4-03

003

1-61

1-50

4-01

Part

June

+0-12

- 127

1660

1667

+124

+012

-3-88 0-12

1-40

1-56

4-01

Min.

July

000

0

1608

1667

+ 73

+0-07

4-00,0-00

1-73

1-90

3-99

Min.

August

-0-07

+ 74

1684

1684

- 18

-0-02

+4-070-07

2-07

2-22

4-12

Part

September

-005

+ 53

1670

1670

+ 43

+0-04

+4-050-05

2-36

2-46

3-94

Part

October

-0-19

+ 201

2020

2020

-323

-0-27

+4-090-09

2-57

2-32

3-87

Part

November

-0-02

+ 21

1840

1840

- 44

-0-04

-3-82

0-08

2-06

2-01

3-97

Part

December

-008

+ 85

1837

1837

-149

+0-13

-3-78

0-02

1-96

2-12

3-79

Part

January

-0-21

+ 222

2272

2272

-119

-0-10

+3-910-21

2-27

2-18

3-79

Part

February

-001

+ 11

2502

2377

-115

-010

+3-810-11

209

1-90

3-72

Open March

+0-19

- 201

2240

2240

- 19

-0-02

-3-710-09

1-72

1-58

3-74

Part

April

+0-31

- 328

1805

1805

+329

+0-28

13-69 0-21

1-45

1-52

3-85

Part

May

+0-03

- 32

1983

1983

+ 20

+0-02

-3-970-03

1-60

1-58

3-99

Part

June

+0-01

- 11

1806

1806

+149

+0-13

-3-99,0-01

1-57

1-66

4-09

Part

July

-0-12

+ 127

1899

1899

- 66

-006

+4-120-12

1-75

1-81

4-12

Part

August

-006

+ 63

1766

1766

-105

-009

+4-06!o-06

1-87

1-98

4-05

Part

September

+0-03

- 32

1580

1667

- 59

+0-06

-3-97,0-03

209

2-12

3-80

Min.

October

-001

+ 11

1725

1725

+ 22

+0-02

-3-9ll0-09

2-15

2-14

3-98

Part

November

-0-13

+ 137

2006

2006

-189

-0-16

+3-93 0-03

2-13

2-11

3-88

Part

December

-0-07

+ 74

1847

1847

-225

-0-19

-3-77 0-03

2-09

2-18

3-78

Part

January

+0-12

-127

1559

1667

-187

-0-18

-3-580-12

2-26

2-37

3-40

Min.

February

+0-40

-423

1395

1667

+172

+0-16

-3-40'0-30

2-48

2-55

3-37

Min.

March

+0-34

-360

1658

1667

+305

+0-29

-3-560-24

2-62

2-68

3-73

Min.

April

+0-15

-159

1725

1725

+273

+0-23

3-85+|0-05

2-74

2-70

3-87

Part

May

-0-08

+ 85

1954

1954

+238

+0-20

+408,0-08

2-65

2-58

4-27

Part

June

-0-28

+296

2302

2302

-366

-0-31

+4-280-28

2-50

2-34

4-22

Part

July

+0-03

- 32

1721

1721

+ 49

+0-04

-3-970-03

2-18

2-24

3-94

Part

August

-0-01

+ 11

1651

1667

- 13

-0-01

+4-010-01

2-29

2-32

4-07

Min.

September

000

0

1605

1667

-123

-0-12

4-000-00

2-36

2-39

3-92

Min.

October

+0-02

- 21

1629

1667

+ 80

+0-08

-3-88 0-12

2-42

2-50

3-89

Min.

November

-0-16

+169

2038

2038

-274

-0-23

+3-96^0-06

2-58

2-46

3-83

Part

December

932

DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 33.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE

'C

1.1

^
^

IS

C

>^

W.tTER Levels of

Stop

.\GE

g

s

•^■s

>>

>>«

•3Z

Lake Erie.

IN

Lake Erie.

So

3

*3o

ected Change in
ippIy over Preci
Month, 100 c.f.s.

a.

li

1§

Is

at

0) o

>

=>!? S

Date.

Cleveland, O.

Bufifalo

. N.Y.

First
of

Mean
of

First
of

Mean
of

Foot

100

III
III

Month.

Month.

Month.

Month.

Depth.

e.f.s.

o

-So

g-CB

5fO

1902

Januarj- ...

114

1-08

1-39

1-41

-0-28

- 296

1815

1519

- 44

1720

+201

S-8

February...

0-86

0-63

1-10

0-79

-008

- 85

1685

1600

+ 64

1583' - 17

3-7

March

0-78

0-94

0-87

0-95

+0-44

+ 465

1718

2183

+338

1938; -245

3-7

AprU

1-22

1-49

1-22

1-50

+0-46

.+ 486

1834

2320

+ 119

2362 + 42

3-8

May

1-68

1-86

1-62

1-74

+0-31

+ 328

1885

2213

- 88

2232 + 19

3-9

June

1-99

2-12

1-90

2-05

+0-44

+ 465

1954

2419

-129

2084 +335

4-0

July

2-43

2-74

2-39

2-73

+0-30

+ 317

2109

2426

-186

2233 +193

40

August

2-73

2-72

2-68

2-64

-0-18

190

2089

1899

-183

2243! +344

40

September.

2-55

2-38

2-47

2-30

-0-21

- 222

2010

1788

-130

1769 - 19

40

October. . .

2-34

2-29

2-34

2-39

-0-18

- 190

2032

1842

- 49

1739

-103

40

November.

216

2-02

2-26

2-14

-0-24

- 254

1974

1720

+106

1948

+228

4-0

December..

1-92

1-82

2-17

2-20

-015

- 159

198.J

1829

+122

1842

+ 13

3-9

1903
January

1-77

1-72

2-10

1-99

-006

- 63

1940

1877

- 44

1785

- 92

3-8

February...

1-71

1-70

1-84

1-70

+0-28

+ 296

1876

2172

+ 64

19411 —231

3-7

March

1»

2-28

1-92

2-13

+0-67

+ 708

1971

2679

+338

2510 -169

3-7

April

2-66

3-05

2-48

2-83

+0-41

+ 434

2133

2567

+ 179

2858 +291

3-8

May

307

3-09

2-84

2-85

000

0

213S

2138

- 88

2479 +341

3-9

June

307

3-05

2-90

2-96

-005

- 53

2163

2110

-129

2009; -101

40

July

302

2-98

2-97

2-99

-015

- 159

2173

2014

-186

1924! - 90

40

August

2-87

2-76

2-82

2-64

-019

- 201

20d9

1888

-183

1831 - 57

4-0

September .

2-68

2-59

2-60

2-55

-0-26

- 275

2067

1792

-130

1758 - 34

4-0

October

2-42

2-25

2-46

2-36

-0-41

- 443

2204

1590

- 49

1743' +153

4-0

November .

201

1-77

2-18

2-01

-0-47

- 497

1945

1448

+ 106

1696i +248

4-0

December..

1-54

1-31

2-02

202

-0-29

- 307

1947

1640

+122

-

1570 - 70

3-9

1904
January ....

1-25

1-19

1-54

106

-0-01

- 11

1741

1730

- 44

1596 -134

3-8

February...

1-24

1-28

1-18

1-30

+0-33

+ 349

1792

2141

+ 64

1794 -347

3-7

March

1-57

1-86

1-58

1-86

+0-81

+ 857

1910

2767

+338

2479, -288

3-7

April

2-38

2-91

2-38

2-89

+0-66

+ 698

2149

2847

+179

2946 + 99

3-8

May

304

3-17

3-06

3-23

+0-20

+ 211

2231

2442

- 88

2759: +317

3-9

June

3-24

3-32

3-36

3-49

+0-12

+ 127

2296

2423

-129

23131 -110

40

July

573-36

573-41

573-45

573-41

-010

- 106

2275

2169

-186

2237 + 68

574 0

August

3 26

310

3-26

3-12

-0-29

- 307

2204

1897

-183

1986 + 89

4-0

September

2-97

2-84

2-98

2-84

-0-31

- 328

2136

1808

-130

1767 - 41

4-0

October. .

2-66

2-49

2-72

2-61

-0-36

- 381

2082

1701

- 49

1759 + 58

4-0

November.

2-30

2-12

2-46

2-31

-0-36

- 381

2012

1631

+106

1807

+176

4-0

December..

1-94

1-77

2-22

2-13

-0-30

- 317

1972

1655

+122

1753

+ 98

3-9

1905
January ....

1 64

1-52

1-94

1-74

-0-22

- 233

1885

1652

- 44

1611

- 41

3-8

February...

1-42

1-31

1-48

1-23

-018

- 190

1776

1586

+ 64

1716 +130

3-7

March

1-24

1-18

1-28

1-32

+0-26

+ 275

1795

2070

+338

1924 -146

3-7

April

1-50

1-83

1-56

1-79

+0-64

+ 677

1896

2573

+ 179

2249 -324

3-8

May

2- 14

2-46

2-08

2-38

+0-58

+ 613

2028

2641

- 88

2485 -156

3-9

June

2-72

2-98

2-68

2-97

+0-30

+ 317

2167

2484

-129

25121 + 28

40

July

3-02

3-06

3-12

3-28

-006

- 63

2243

2180

-186

2298! +118

40

August

2-96

2-87

317

3-06

-0-21

— 2''2

2188

1966

-183

1997 + 31

40

September.

2-75

2-63

3-96

2-86

-0-28

- 296

2140

1844

-130

1836 - 8

40

October. . .

2-47

2-31

2-76

2-65

-0-35

- 370

2091

, 1721

- 49

1795, + 74

4-0

November.

212

1-93

2-47

2-29

-0-20

- 211

2008

1797

+ 106

1827 + 30

4-0

December..

1-92

1-92

2-37

2-45

+001

+ 11

2045

2056

+122

1919 -137

3-9

a.— The flow of 1,000 c.f.s. through the Erie Canal and that of 1,100 c.f.s. through the Welland Canal
have been omitted.

INTERNATlOXAh WATERWAYS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1'9a

933

BETWEEN STAGES 573-7 AND 574-7.

13

= o

0 give
Column

5-3

s

REGnLATED

Regulated
LABtE Level

"3

;m

T3o

a -H

Storage

IN

Is

■li

MINUS

Lake

ACTUAL

Level,

> Oi

-2 ja

Sj o

Lake

Erie.

BuFF.tLO, N.Y.

35

Sluice
Gates.

""2

C c ro

OS

5 0^

-IZ

hJ"^ •

►jz

c °

'o1:g

First

Mean

g-r&

g'g'o

l|

.3 to "
3 l-O

100

Foot

1*3 §

■lis

of

of

a^ o

i.&Q

c3 rto

l«

S?S2

c.f.s.

Depth.

IfmS

Month.

Month.

gms

o

OO

H

A

rt

PS

«

-0-03

+ 32

1752

1752

-233

-0-20

3-73

-0-07

2-34

2-38

3-79

Part January

+0-17

-180

1403

1667

- 67

-006

3-53

-0-17

2-43

2-52

3-31

Min. February

+0-33

-349

1589

1667

+516

+0-49

3-47

-0-23

2-60

2-67

3-62

Min. March

-006

+ 63

2425

2416

- 96

-0-08

3-96

+0-16

2-74

2-50

4-00

Open April

+0-12

-127

2105

2105

+108

+0 09

3-88 -0-02

2-26

2-16

2-90

Part May

+0-03

- 32

2205

2052

+367

+0-31

3-97 -0-03

2-07

1-98

4-03

Part June

-0-28

+296

2529

2500

- 74

-006

4-28+0-28

1-89

1-72

4-45

Open July

-0-22

+233

2476

2476

-577

-0-48

4-22+0-22

1-54

1-40

4-04

Part August

+0-26

-272

1494

1667

+ 121

+011

3-74

-0-26

1-27

1-39

3-69

Min. September

+0-15

-159

1580

1667

+ 175

+0-17

3-85

-0-15

1-51

1-64

4-03

Min. October

-0-12

+ 127

2075

2075

-355

-0-30

4-02

+0-02

1-76

1-66

3-80

Part November

+0-08

- 85

1757

1757

+ 72

+0-06

3-72

-0-18

1-55

1-62

3-82

Part December

-0-08

+885

1870

1870

+ 7

+0 01

3-78

-0-02

1-68

1-82

3-81

1903
Part January

-0-09

+ 95

2036

2036

+136

+0-11

3-79+0-09

95

1-96

3-66

Part February

-0-10

+106

2616

240C

+279

+0-23

3-90, +0-20

98

1-82

3-95

Open March

-0-23

+243

3101

2460

+107

+0-09

4-13:+0-33

65

1-52

4-35

Open April

-0-22

+233

2712

2484

-346

-0-29

4-22

+0-32

38

1-20

4-05

Open May

+0-07

- 74

1935

1935

+175

+0-15

3-93

-0-07

03

1-07

4-02

Part June

+0-08

+ 85

2009

2009

+ 5

-000

4-08+0-08

11

1-18

4-17

Part July

-008

+ 85

1916

1916

- 28

-0-02

4-OSJ+0-08

26

1-36

4-00

Part August

+0-06

+ 63

1821

1821

- 29

-0 02

4-06+0-06

46

1-52

4-07

Part September

-004

+ 42

1785

1785

-195

-0-16

4-04'+0-04

58

1-64

400

Part October

+0 02

- 21

1675

1675

— 227

-0-19

3-881-0-12

70

1-68

3-69

Part November

+011

-116

1454

1667

-"27

-0-03

3-69

-0-21

1-67

1-90

3-92

Min. December

+0-04

- 42

1554

1667

+ 63

+0 06

3-66

-0-14

2-12

2-33

3-39

1904
Min. January

-0-02

+ 21

1816

1816

+325

+0-27

3-72+0-02

2-54

2-48

3-78

Part February

-0-19

+201

2680

2423

+244

+0-29

3-99;+0-29

2-41

2-16

4-02

Open March

-0-38

+402

3348

2500

+347

+0-29

4-28+0-48

1-90

1-70

4-59

Open April

-0-57

+603

3362

2579

-137

-0-12

4-57+0-67

1-51

1-30

4-53

Open May

-0-45

+476

2789

2546

-123

-010

4-45+0-45

1-09

1-00

4-49

Open June

-0-35

+370

2007

2518

-349

-0-29

574 -35' +0-.35

0-90

0-85

574-26

Open July

-0 06

+ 63

2049

2049

-152

-0-13

4-06+0-06

0-80

0-88

4-00

Part August

+0-07

- 74

1633

1693

+115

+010

3-93-0-07

0-95

1-13

3-97

Part September

-0 03

+ 32

1791

1791

- 90

-0-08

4-03+003

1-31

1-40

4-01

Part October

-0-05

+ 53

1860

1860

-229

-019

3-95:-0-05

1-49

1-52

3-83

Part November

+0-04

- 42

1711

1711

- 56

-0-05

3-76-0-14

1-54

1-66

3-79

Part December

-001

+ 11

1622

1667

- 15

-0-01

3-71 -0-09

1-77

2-00

3-74

1905
Min. January

0-00

0

1716

1716

-130

-0-11

3-70 0-00

2-22

2-26

3-49

Part February

+0-21

—922

1702

1702

+368

+0-31

3-59-0-11

2-31

2-32

3-64

Part March

0-00

""o

2249

2249

+324

+0-27

3-90+0-10

2-34

2-22

4-01

Part April

-0-17

+ 180

2665

2471

+ 170

+0-14

4-17+0-27

2-09

1-86

4-24

Open May

-0-31

+328

2840

2508

- 24

-0-02

4-31 +0-31

1-63

1-40

4-37

Open June

-0-29

+307

2605

2502

-322

-0-27

4-29+0-29

1-17

1-01

4-29

Open July

-0-02

+ 21

2018

2018

- 52

-0-04

4-02 +0-02

0-85

0-94

4-00

Part Angus ■

+0-02

- 21

1815

1815

+ 29

+0-02

3-98 -0-02

1-02

1-13

3-99

Part September

000

0

1795

1795

- 74

-0-06

400 0-00

1-24

1-36

4-01

Part October

-0-04

+ 42

1869

1869

- 72

-0-06

3-94 -0-06

1-47

1-49

3-78

Part November

-0-08

- 85

2004

2004

+ 52

+0-04

3-88

-0 02

1

-51

1-52

3-97

Part December

19a— G3

934

DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 33.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE

Water Levels of
Lake Rrie.

Storage

OS

09

■h

■3 si

N

2 =

^

.5 g m

a

■So

Lake Erie.

14

xpected Change
Supply over Prf
Month, 100 c.f.

§§

ao
— >.

Date.

Cleveland, 0.

Buffalo, N.Y.

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

100
c.f.s.

111

o

H

a

w

H

tf

1906

January

1-93

1-94

2-39

2-33

+0-01

+ 11

2017

2028

- 44

2012

- 16

3-8

February...

1-94

1-93

2- 10

1-88

-012

- 127

1915

17SS

+ 64

2092

+304

3-7

March

1-82

1-71

1-77

1-66

+0-10

+ 106

1868

1974

+338

2126

+152

3-7

April

1-92

213

1-86

206

+0-34

+ 360

1956

2316

+179

2153

-163

3-8

May

2-26

2-40

216

2-27

+0-24

+ 254

2004

2258

- 88

2228

- 30

3-9

June

2-50

2-60

2-38

2-49

+012

+ 127

2054

2181

-129

2129

- 52

40

July

2-62

2-64

2-52

2-56

+0-02

+ 21

2070

2091

-186

1995

- 96

40

August

2-64

2-63

2-54

2-51

-015

- 159

2057

1898

-183

1908

+ 10

40

September .

2-49

2-35

2-39

2-27

-0-21

- 222

2004

1782

-130

1768

- 14

40

October

2-28

2-21

2-26

2-25

-008

- 85

1999

1914

- 49

1733

-181

40

November,

2-20

2-18

2-28

2-32

+0-10

+ 106

2015

2121

+106

2020

-lOll 4-0

December..

2-30

2-42

2-38

2-45

+0-29

+ 307

2045

2252

+122

2243

-109

3-9

1873
January

571.21

671.16

571.52

571.41

-0.05

- 53

1814

1761

- 44

1640

-121

573.8

February...

1.16

1.17

1.30

1.20

+0.04

+ 42

1771

1813

+ 64

1825

+ 12

3.7

March

1.20

1.24

1.21

1.22

+0.68

+ 719

1775

2494

+338

2151

-343

3.7

April

1.88

2.52

1.82

2.43

+0.98

+1036

2040

3076

+ 179

2673

-403

3.8

May

2.86

3.19

2.76

3.09

+0.37

+ 391

2196

2587

- 88

2988

+401

3.9

June

3.23

3.27

3.16

3.24

+0.03

+ 32

2234

2226

-129

2458

+ 192

4.0

July

3.26

3.25

3.26

3.29

-0.04

- 42

2246

2204

-186

2080

-124

4.0

August

3.22

3.19

3.22

3.15

-0.23

- 243

2210

1967

-183

2021

+ 541 4.0

September.

2.99

2.79

2.98

2.81

-0.35

- 370

2129

1759

-130

1837

+ 78 4.0

October. . . .

2.64

2.49

2.69

2.57

-0.25

- 264

2073

1S09

- 49

1710

- 991 4.0

November.

2.39

2.29

2.52

2.48

+0.09

+ 95

2051

2146

+ 106

1915

-231

4.0

December..

2.48

2.66

2.76

3.04

+0.38

+ 402

2185

2587

+ 122

2268

-319

3.9

1876
January

572.38

572.36

572.70

572.61

+0.26

+ 275

2081

2356

- 44

2173

-183

573.8

February.. .

2.64

2.92

2.78

2.95

+0.60

+ 634

2162

2796

+ 64

2420

-376

3.7

March

3.24

3.57

3.25

3.55

-0.59

+ 624

2311

2935

+338

3134

+199

3.7

April

3.83

4.09

3.78

4.00

+0.42

+ 444

2425

2869

+179

3114

+245

3.8

May

4.25

4.41

4.16

4.31

+0.21

+ 222

2507

2729

- 88

2781

+ 52

3.9

June

4.46

4.52

4.40

4.49

0.00

0

2557

2557

-129

2600

+ 43

4.0

July

4.46

4.41

4.47

4.45

-0.20

- 211

2546

2335

-186

2371

+ 36

4.0

August

4.26

4.11

4.26

4.07

-0.24

- 254

2444

2190

-183

2152

- 38

4.0

September.

4.02

3.94

4.02

3.96

-0.34

- 360

2414

2054

-1.30

2060

+ 6

4.0

October

3.68

3.41

3.72

3.49

-0.23

- 243

2296

2053

- 49

2005

- 48

4.0

November.

3.45

3.49

3.58

3.68

-0.13

- 137

2344

2207

+ 106

2159

- 48

4.0

December..

3.32

3.15

3.60

3.53

-0.37

- 391

2306

1915

+ 122

2329

+414

3.9

0.— The flow oil, 000 (
have been omitted.

.f.s. through the Erie Canal, and that of 1,100 c.f.s. through the Welland Canal

IKTERXATIONAD WATEEWAT8 COMMISSION

935

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
BETWEEN STAGES 573-7 AND 574-7.

|o

hange in Outflow to give
hange in Preceding Column
100 c.f.8.

O 6

II

u*

,'of

jregu-

^irst

Regulated

"o

o -

a

&
o

«

■C.„ oi

St '^

Regulated
Storage

IN

Lake Erie.

II

3»
It
11

Lake Level

laNus actual

Lake Level,

Buffalo, N.Y.

Sluice
Gates.

lange in
by last ol
Depth.

100
c.f.s.

Foot
Depth.

■Si.-

^11

■3-0°
11?

First

of

Month.

Mean

of
Month.

1^1

U

OO

w

C^

tf

ui

pj

-0-22

+233

2245

2245

-217

-018

3-92

+0-12

1-53

1-58

3-91

1906
Part January

-004

+ 42

2134

1234

-346

-0-29

3-74

+0 04

1-64

1-66

3-54

Part February

+0-35

-370

1756

1756

+218

+0-18

3-45

-0-25

1-68

1-72

3-38

Part March

+0-27

-286

1S67

1867

+449

+0-38

3-63

-017

1-77

1-81

3-87

Part April

-001

+ 11

2239

2239

+ 19

+0 02

401

+011

1-85

1-75

402

Part May

-003

+ 32

2161

2161

+ 20

+0 02

403

+0 03

1,65

1-59

4-08iPart June

-005

+ 53

2048

2048

+ 43

+0 04

4 05

+0-05

1-53

1-54

4-I0|Part July

-009

+ 95

2003

2003

-105

-009

409

+''SH

1-55

1-58

4-09

Part August

000

0

1768

1768

+ 14

+001

400

000

1-61

1-68

3-95

Part September

-001

+ 11

1744

1744

+170

+014

4-01

+001

1-75

1-81

406

Pa.t October

-0-25

+264

2284

2284

-163

-0 14

4-15

+015

1-87

1-75

407

Part November

-0-21

+222

2465

2429

- 77

-006

401

+011

1-63

Open December

-0.10

+ 106

1746

1746

+ 15

+0.01

573.80

0.00

2.28

2.40

573.81

Part January

-0.11

+ 116

1941

1941

-128

-0.11

3.81

+0.11

2.51

2.50

3.70

Part February

+0.10

- 106

2045

2054

+449

+0.38

3.70

0.00

2.49

2.38

3.60

Part March

-0.18

+ 190

2863

2447

+ 629

+0.53

4.08

+0.28

2.26

2.06

4.49:Open April

-0.61

+ 645

3633

2590

- 3

0.00

4.61

+0.71

1.85

1.65

4. 74 Open May

-0.61

+ 645

3103

2590

-324

-0.27

4.61

+0.61

1.45

1.26

4. 50, Open June

-0.34

+ 360

2440

2440

-236

-0.20

4.34

+0.34

1.08

1.00

4. 29, Part July

—0.14

+ 148

2169

2169

-202

-0.17

4.14

+0.14

0.92

0.96

4. 11 'Part August

+0.03

- 32

1805

1805

- 46

-0.04

3.97

-0.03

0.99

1.12

3.93lPart September

+0.07

- 74

1636

1667

+142

+0.13

3.93

-0.07

1.24

1.39

3.96!Min. October

-0.16

+ 169

2084

2084

+ 62

+0.05

4.06

+0.06

1.54

1.44

3.92

Part November

-0.31

+ 328

2596

2455

+132

+0.11

4.11

+0.21

1.35

Open December

-0.10

+ 106

2279

2279

+ 77

+0.06.

573.80

0.00

1.10

1.09

573.70

1876
Part January

—0.16

+ 169

2589

2390

+406

+0.34

3.86

+0.16

1.08

1.02

3.97 Open February

—0.40

+ 423

3557

2479

+456

+0.38

4.20

+0.50

0.95

0.88

4.43 Open March

-0.68

+ 719

3833

2582

+287

+0.24

4.58

+0.78

0.80

0.73

4.73 Open April

-0.82

+ 867

364S

2648

+ 81

+0.07

4.82

+0.92

0.66

0.58

4.89 Open May

-0.89

+ 941

3541

2667

-110

-0.09

4.89

+0.89

0.49

0.41

4.90 Open June

-0.80

+ 846

3217

2642

-307

-0.26

4.80

+0.80

0.33

0.30

4.75 Open July

-0.54

+ 571

2723

2571

-381

-0.32-

4.54

+0.54

0.28

0.24

4. 31, Open August

-0.22

+ 233

2293

2293

-239

-0.20

4.22

+0.22

0.20

0.25

4.21 Part September

-0.02

+ 21

2026

2026

+ 27

+0.02

4.02

+0.02

0.30

0.38

3.87iPart October

—0.14

+ 148

2307

2307

-100

—0.08

4.04

+0.04

0.46

0.41

4.09;Part November

-0.16

+ 169

2498

2416

-501

-0.42

3.96

+0.06

0.36

jOpen December

rga— 63^

936

DEPARTMENT OF PVBLIC WORKS

Table 35.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
REGULATION OF LAKE ERIE

Water Levels oi

Storage

CO

.2

Is

•3Z

91

3

^"2

Lake

Erie.

IN

So

a

>

§:s

Lake

Erie.

■ad

go

o

Change
over P:
100 c.f.s.

§•2

Date.

Cleveland, 0.

Buffalo

, N.Y.

II

_ -« .5 5?

First

of
Month .

Mean

of
Month.

First

of
Month.

Mean

of
Month.

Foot
Depth.

100

c.f.s.

o

Is

Expected
Supply
Month,

Regulated
Desired
First of

Expected
Total Si

1876

January

572.38

572. 36

572.70

572. 61

+0.26

+ 275

2081

2356

- 44

2173

-183

572.3

February...

2.64

2.92

2.78

2.95

+0.60

+ 634

2162

2796

+ 64

2420

-376

2.2

March

3.24

2.57

3.25

3.55

+0.59

+ 624

2311

2935

+338

3134

+199

2.2

April

3.83

4.09

3.78

4.00

+0.42

+ 444

2425

2869

+179

3114

+245

2.2

May

4.25

4.41

4.16

4.31

+0.21

+ 222

2507

2729

- 88

2781

+ 52

2.3

June

4.46

4.52

4.40

4.49

0.00

0

2557

2557

-129

2600

+ 43

2.4

July

4.46

4.41

4.47

4.45

-0.20

- 211

2546

2335

-186

2371

+ 36

2.5

August

4.26

4.11

4.26

4.07

-0.24

- 254

2444

2190

-183

2152

- 38

2.5

September.

4.02

3.94

4.02

3.96

-0.34

- 360

2414

2054

-130

2060

+ 6

2.5

October

3.68

3.41

3.72

3.49

-0.23

- 243

2296

2053

- 49

2005

- 48

2.5

November.

3.45

3.49

3.58

3.68

-0.13

- 137

2344

2207

+106

2159

- 48

2.5

December..

3.32

3.15

3.60

3.53

-0.37

- 391

2306

1915

+122

2329

+414

2.4

1895
January. . . .

571.40

571.23

571.76

571.69

-0.28

- 296

1875

1579

- 44

1647

+ 68

572.3

February...

1.12

1.00

1.34

1.00

-0.12

- 127

1728

1601

+ 64

1643

+ 42

2.2

March

1.00

1.01

0.96

0.92

+0.14

+ 148

1712

1860

+338

1939

+ 79

2.2

April

1.14

1.26

1.02

1.13

+0.23

+ 243

1756

1999

+179

2039

+ 40

2.2

May

1.37

1.48

1.30

1.48

+0.15

+ 159

1829

1988

- 88

1911

- 77

2.3

June

1.52

1.57

1.53

1.58

0.00

0

1851

1851

-129

1859

+ 8

2.4

July

1.52

1.46

1.57

1.56

-0.10

+ 106

1846

1740

-186

1665

- 75

2.5

August

1.42

1.38

1.49

1.42

-0.09

- 95

1817

1722

-183

1557

-165

2.5

September .

1.33

1.28

1.43

1.44

-0.29

- 307

1821

1514

-130

1592

+ 78

2.5

October. . . .

1.04

0.80

1.32

1.20

-0.29

- 307

1771

1464

- 49

1465

+ 1

2.5

November.

0.75

0.70

0.96

0.71

+0.03

+ 32

1670

1702

+ 106

1570

-132

2.5

December..

0.78

0.86

0.84

0.97

+0.13

+ 137

1723

1860

+ 122

1824

- 36

2.4

a._Xhe flow of 1,000 c.f.s. through the Erie Canal, and that of 1,100 c.f.s. through the Welland Canal

have been omitted.

rXTERXATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOy

937

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa
BETWEEN STAGES 5720 AND 574-5.

■^1

s6

.1
*2 .

Regulated
Storage

- 0

Is

41

CO

Regulated

Lake Level

11

5?§

=2

IN

Lake Erie.

3S

0 r

11
1-

MINUS actual

Lake Level,

Buffalo, N.Y.

Sluice

s_

c .

►JSr

h^ p •

^"Zi

Gates.

hange in !
by last o
Depth.

It

-s 0

100
e.f.s. N

ill--

Foot i.Ssnc

Depth.; Ill

(U— 0

First
of

Month.

Mean

of
Month .

O

Q-g

a

tf

K

tf

«

-0.10

+ 106

2279

2010

+346

+0.29

572.30

0.00

—0.40

—0.30 572.31

Open

January

-0.39

+ 412

2832

2077

+719

+0.60

2.59

+0.39

-0.39

-0.12 2.83

Open

February

-0.99

+ 1047

41SI

2221

+714

+0.60

3.19

+0.99

-0.06

-0.02 3.53

Open

March

-1.49

+ 1576

4690

2372

+497

+0.42

3.79

+1.59

+0.01

+0.03' 4.03

Open

April

-1.81

+ 1914

4695

2482

+247

+0.21

4.21

+ 1.91

+0.05

+0.04

4.35

Open

May

—1.92

+2030

4630

2538

+ 19

+0.02

4.42

+2.02

+0.02

0.00

4.49

Open

June

—1.94

+2051

4422

2543

-208

-0.17

4.44

+ 1.94

-0.03

-0.01

4.44

Open

July

-1.77

+ 1872

4024

2497

-307

-0.26

4.27

+1.77

+0.01

0.001 4.071

Open

August

-1.51

+1597

3657

2429

-375

-0.32

4.01

+1.51

-0.01

-0.02

3.94

Open

September

-1.19

+ 1258

3263

2346

-293

-0.25

3.69

+1.19

-0.03

-0.08

3.41

Open

October

-1.04

+ 1100

3259

2283

- 76

-0.06 3.441

+0.94i

-0.14

-0.18

3.50

Open

November

-1.08

+1142

3471

2288

-353

-0.30

3.38

+0.98|

-0.20

-0.20

3.33

Open

December

1895
January

-0.10

+ 106

1753

1753

-174

-0.15

572.30

0.00

+0.54

+0.68 572.37

Part

+0.05

- 53

1590

1667

- 66

-0.06

2.15

-0.05

+0.81

+O.97I 1.97

Min.

February

+0.11

- 116

1823

1823

+ 37

+0.03

2.09

—0.11

+1.13

+I.I2I 2.04

Part

March

+0.18

- 190

1849

1849

+ 150

+0.13

2.12

-0.08

+ 1.10

+ 1.02 2.15

Part

April

+0.15

- 159

1752

1752

+236

+0.20

2.25

-0.05

+0.95

+0.94, 2.42

Part

May

+0.05i- 53

1806

1806

+ 45

+0.04

2.45

+0.05

+0.92

+0.92

2.50

Part

June

+O.OI!- 11

1654

1667

+ 73

+0.07

2.49

-0.01

+0.92

+ 1.00

2.56

Min.

July

-0.06+ 63

1620

1667

+ 55

+0.05

2.56

+0.06

+1.07

+ 1.12

2.54

Min.

August

-0.11+ 116

1708

1708

-194

-0.16

2.61

+0.11

+1.18

+ 1.16

2.60

Part

September

+0.05 - 53

1412

1667

-203

-0.19

2.45

-0.05

+1.13

+ 1.22

2.42

Min.

October

+0.14

- 148

1422

1667

+ 35

+0.03

2.26

-0.24

+1.30

+1.38

2.09

Min.

November

+0.01

- 11

1813

1813

+ 47

+0.04

2.29

-0.11

+1.45

+1.37

2.34

Part

December

938

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

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Regulated Level

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Actual Level.

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Stage of

Lake
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First of
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0 M M N CC ^ 30 t^ U5 t- C5 =0

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Rise or

Fall
during
Month ,
in Feet.

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Total
Effect

from

change of

Inflow

and
Outflow
on Level
of Lake
Ontario,
in Feet.

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Effect of
change of
Outflow
through

St.
Lawrence
River on
Level of

Lake
Ontario,
in Feet.

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Effect

of
Change
of Inflow

on
Level of

Lake
Ontario,

for
Month,
in Feet.

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Change

in
Inflow to

Lake

Ontario

through

Regular

tion

of

Lake Erie

100 c.f.s.

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Niagara River, a

Regulated
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100 c.f.s.

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Water Levels

OF

Lake Ontario

AT

Charlotte, N.Y.

Oj3

11

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February

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September..

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December...

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October

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239

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

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INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. I^a

941

'Tf^OO-* QO -'»' N O O '* ^

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DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

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INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

943

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944

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Table 40.

EFFECT ON WATER LEVELS OF L.\KE MICHIGAX-
TO COMPENSATE FOR DIVERSION OF 4000 CUBIC FEET

S\'.\TXR Levels of Lake

MlCHIG.\N-HUR0N.

Rise or
Fall in
Stage of

Lake
Michigan-
Huron
During
Month,

in Feet.

Regulated
Less
.Actual
Trans-
mitted
Supply

100 c.f.s.

Net
Change

in
Dupply.a

100 c.f .s.

1

t

Effect of j
Net Change!
in Supply
on Stage
of Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Foot Depth

Effect of
Change in
Outflow
through
St Clair

Date.

Mean, Milwaukee

AND HARBOrK BeaCH.

River on
Stage of

Lake
Michigan-

First of
Month.

1

Mean of
Month.

Huron.
Foot Depth

1888
May

582.128
2.280
2.270
2.140
1.892
1.698
1.442 '

1.205
1.138
1.100
1.075
1.115
1.368
1.675
1.710
1.550
1.310
0.982
0.725

0.678
0.675
0.625
0.730
0.980
1.325
1.600
1.654
1.508
1.310
1.095
0.798

580-580
0-43S
0-390
0-590
0-835
0-945
0-935
0-858
0-710
0-422
0062

579-855

581.985
2.270
2.290
2.250
2.030
1.755
1.640
1.245

1.165
1.110
1.090
1.060
1.170
1.565
1.7SS
1.635
1.465
1.155
0.810
0.640

0.715
0.635
0.615
0.845
1.115
1.535
1.665
1.625
1.390
1.230
0.960
0.635

580-525
0-350

0-430
0-750

I 0-920
0-970
0-900
0-815

i 0-605

0-240

579-885

j 9-825

+0. 152
-0.010
-0. 130
-0.248
-0.194
-0.256
-0.237

-0.067
-0.038
-0.025
+0.O10
+0.253
+0.307
+0.035
-0.160
-0.240
-0.328
-0.257
-0.047

-0.003
-0.050
■ +0.105
+0.250
+0.345
+0.275
+0.045
-0.137
-0. 198
-0.215
-0.297
-0.218

-0-142
-0-048
+0-200
+ 0-245
+0110
-0-010
+0077
-0-148
-0-288
-0-360
-0-207
i +0-()05

-259
-295
-293
-275
-272
-226

- 81

- 25
+ 33
+ 27
+ 29

- 83
-119
-173
-175
-173
-143

- 83

- 7

- 17
+ 93
+ 95
+109
+ 15
-101
-173
-155
-133
-119

- 91

- 31

+107
+ 85
+115
+ 79

- 7
+ 3

- 19

- 21

- 7

- 19
+ 3
+ 65

-299
-335
-333
-315
-312
-266
-121

- 65

- 7

- 13

- 11

-123
-159
-213
-215
-213
-183
-123

- 47

- 57
+ 53
+ 55
+ 69

- 25
-141
-213
-195
-173
-159
-131

- 71

+ 67
+ 45
+ 75
+ 39

- 47

- 37

- 59

- 61

- 47

- 59

- 37
+ 25

-0.0609
-0.0682
-0.0678
-0.0643
-0.0636
-0.0543
-0.0247

-0.0133

-0.0014

-0.0027

-0.0022

-0. 0251

-0.0324

-0.0435

-0.0439

-0.0435

-0.0374.

-0.0251

-0.0096

-0.0116
+0.0108
+0.0112
+0.0141
-0.0051
-0.02S8
-0.0435
-0.0398
-0.0353
-0.0325
-0.0268
-0.0145

+00137
+0-0092
+0-0153
+0-0080
-0-0096
-0-0076
-0-0121
-0-0125
-0-0096
-0-0121
-0-0076
+0-0051

0.0000

July

+0.0026

August

September

October

November

December

1889

January

February

March

+0.0055
+0.0074
+0.0096
+0.0117
+0.0134

+0.0127
+0.0128
+0.0124
+0.0120

+0.0117

June .

+0.0131

July

+0.0139

August

September

October

November

December

1890

January

February

March

April..

+0.0151
+0.0162
+0.0159
+0.0167
+0.0170

+0.0167
+0.0166
+0.0156
+0.0146

May

+0.0136
+0.0133

July

+0.0150

August

September

October

November

December

1891

Januarj-

February

+0.0161
+0.0170
+0.0164
+0.0170
+0.0173

+0-0172
+0-014S
+0 0140

April

+00142

May

+0-0134

June

+0-0132

July

+0 0130

August

September

October

November

December

+0-0130
+0-0130
+0-0129
1 +0-0117
+0-0116

a._Net change = regulated transmitted supply froin Lake Superior-diversion through Chicago Drainage

Canal — actual transmitted supply from Lake Superior. , ^. • t-> - r^ i c

Regulated transmitted supply from Lake Superior, with diversion through Chicago Drainage Canal ol

4000 c. f. s. =65700 c. f. 8.+4000 c. f. s. =69700 c. 1. s.

INTERNATIONAL' WATEIiWATS COMMISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 193

HURON, BV REGULATION OF LAKE SUPERIOR

PER SECOND THROUGH CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL.

945

Regulated Conditions.

Dis-

Total

charge

Regu-

Effect, net

Rise or

Regulated Stage

Incre-

Change

lated

Change in

Fall in

Les.s

ment of

in

Con-

Supply and

Stage of

Stage of

Actual Stage

St. Clair

Outflow

ditions,

Outflow on

Lake

Lake

OF Lake

River

of

Stage of

Stage of

Michigan-

Michigan-

Michigan-Huron.

per foot

St. Clair

Lake

Lake .'-

Huron

Huron.

Rise of

River.

Michigan-

Michigan-

During

Lake

Huron.

Huron.

Month,

Level.

First of

First of

Mean of

Mean of

Foot Depth.

in Feet.

Month.

Month.

Month.

100 c.f.s.

100 c.f.s.

Month.

-0.0609

+0.091

582. 128

0.000

-0.030

209

- 6

582.240

-0.0656

-0.076

2.219

-0.061

-0.094

209

-20

2.196

-0.0623

-0.192

2.143

-0.127

-0.158

209

-33

2.092

-0.0569

-0.305

1.951

-0.189

-0.218

191

-42

1.812

-0.0540

-0.248

1.646

-0.146

-0.273

191

-52

1.482

-0.0426

-0.299

1.398

-0.300

-0.322

191

-61

1.318

-0.0113

-0. 248

1.099

-0.343

-0.348

191

-67

0.897

-0.0006

-0.068

0.851

-0.354

-0.354

175

-62

0.811

+0.0114

-0.027

0.783

-0.355

-0.350

175

-61

0.760

+0. 0097

-0.015

0.756

-0.344

-0.339

175

-59

0.751

+0.0098

+0.050

0.741

-0.334

-0.329

175

-58

0.731

-0.01.34

+0. 240

0.791

-0.324

-0.330

175

-58

0.840

-0.0193

-0.2-:8

1.031

-0.337

-0.346

191

-66

1.219

-0.0296

+0.005

1.319

-0.356

-0.371

191

-71

1.414

-0.0288

-0.189

1.324

-0.386

-0.400

191

-76

1.235

-0.0273

-0.267

1.135

-0.415

-0.428

191

-82

1.037

-0.0215

-0.350

0.868

-0.442

-0.453

175

-79

0.702

-0.0084

-0.265

0.518

-0.464

-0.468

175

-82

0.342

+0.0074

-0.040

0.253

-0.472

-0.468

175

-82

0.172

+0.0051

+0.002

0.213

-0.465

-0.462

175

-81

0.253

+0.0274

-0.023

0.215

-0.460

-0.446

175

-78

0.189

+0.0268

+0.132

0.192

-0.443

-0.420

175

-73

0.195

+0.0287

+0.279

0.324

-^0.406

-0.392

175

-6a

0.453

+0.0085

+0.353

0.603

-0.377

-0.373

175

-65

0.742

-0.0155

+0.259

0.950

-0.369

-0.377

175

-66

1.158

-0.0285

+0.017

1.215

-0.385

0.399

191

-76

1.266

-0.0237

-0.161

1.232

-0.413

-0.425

191

-81

1.200

-0.0183

-0.216

1.071

-0.437

-0.446

191

-85

0.944

-0.0161

-0.231

0.855

-0.455

-0.463

175

-81

0.767

-0.0098

-0.307

0.624

-0.471

-0.476

175

-83

0.484

+0.0028

-0.215

0.317

-0.481

-0.480

175

-84

0.155

+ 0 0309

-0-111

580-102

-0-478

-0-462

175

-81

580 063

+0-0240

-0-024

' 579-991

-0-447

-0-435

163

-71

579-915

+0-0293

+0-229

9-967

-0-423

-0-408

163

-67

580-022

+0-0222

+0-267

580-196

-0-394

-0-383

175

-67

0-367

+0-0038

+0-114

0-463

-0-372

-0-370

175

-65

0-550

+0-0057

-0-004

0-577

-0-368 -0-365

175

-64

0-605

+0-000

-0-076

0-573

-0-362

-0-362

175

-63

0-53S

+0 0009

-0-076

0-573

-0-362

-0-362

175

-63

0-538

+0-0005

-0 147

0-497

-0-361

-0-360

175

-63

0-455

+0 0034

-0-285

0-350

-0-360

-0-358

175

-63

0-247

+0 0008

-0-359

0 065

-0-3.57

-0-356

175

-62

579-884

+0 0041

-0-203

■ 579-706

-0-356

-0-354

163

-58

9-531

+0-0167

+0 022

9-503

-0 352

-0-344

163

-56

9-481

946

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Table 40.

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

EFFECT ON WATER LEVELS OF LAKE MICHIGAN-
TO COMPENSATE FOR DIVERSION OF 4,606 CUBIC FEET

Date.

Water Levels of Lake Tlise or

Michigan-Huron.

Mean, Milwackee
AND Harbour Beach.

First of
Month.

Mean of
Month.

Fall in
Stage of

Lake
Michigan-
Huron
During
Month,

in Feet.

Regulated
Less
Actual
Trans-
mitted
Supply

100 c.f.8.

Net
Change

in
Dupply,o

100 c.f .s.

Effect of
Net Change
in Supply
on Stage
of Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Foot Depth

Effect of
Change in
Outflow
through
St. Clair
Riverjon
Stage of

Lake
Michigan-
Huron.

Foot Depth

1892 ■
January . . .
February..

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.
October...
November
December.

1893
January . . .
February..

March

April

May

June

July

August. ...

9-860
9-928
9-950
9-985
5d0-158
0-530
0-850
0-965
0-912
0-708
0-445
0-168

579-975
9-932

580-002
0-260
0-702
1100
1-305
1-258

9-895
9-960
9-940
580-030
0-235
0-775
0-925
1-005
0-820
0-595
0-295
0-040

579-910
9-955

580-050
0-470
0-935
1-265
1-345
1-190

-f0068
+0-022
+0-035
+0-173
+0-372
+0-320
+0-115
-0-053
-0-204
-0-263
-0-277
-0-193

-0-043
+0-070
+0-258
+0-442
+0-398
+0-205
-0-037
-0-233

+ 77
+149
+185
+153
+ 51

- 21

- 49

- 51

- 63

- 41
+ 15
+ 71

+178
+215
+213
+166
+ 59

- 41

- 78

- 93

+ 37
+ 109
+145
+113
+ 11

- 61

- 89

- 91
-103

- 81

- 25
+ 31

+ 138
+175
+173
+126
+ 19

- 81
-118
-133

+0-0076
+0-0223
+0-0297
+0-0231
+0-0023
-0-0125
-0-0182
-0-0186
-0-0210
-0-0165
-0-0051
+0-0063

+0-0282
+0-0358
+0-0354
+0-0257
+0-0039
-0-0165
-0-0241
-0 0271

+0-0111
+0-0104
+0-0093
+0-0081
+0-0070
+0-0073
+0-0075
+0-0079
+0-0083
+0-0088
+0-0091
+0-0082

+0-0077
+0-0065
+0-0051
+0-0042
+0-0031
+0-0031
+0-0036
+0-0044

-Net change=regulated transmitted supply from Lake Superior — diversion through Chicago Drainage
Canal — actual transmitted supply from Lake Superior. Regulated transmitted supply from Lake
Superior, with diversion through Chicago Drainage Canal of 4000 c.f.s. = 65700 c.f.s. + 4 000 c.f. s.
= 69700 c.f.s.

INTERNATIONAL ^yATERWAT8 COMMISSION 947

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

HURON, BY REGULATION OF LAKE SUPERIOR

PER SECOND THROUGH CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL.

Regulated Conditions.

Dis-

Total
Effect, net

Regulated Stage
Less

charge
Incre-

Regu-

Rise or

Change

lated

Change in

Fall in

Actual

Stage

ment of

in

Con-

Supply and

Stage of

Stage of

OF Lake

St. Clair

Outflow

ditions,
Stage of

Outflow on

Lake

Lake

Michigan

-Huron.

River

of

Stage of

Michigan-

Michigan-

per foot

St. Clair

Lake
Michigan-

Lake

Huron

Huron.

Rise of

River.

Michigan-

During

Lake

Huron.

Huron.

Month,

Level.

First of

First of

Mean of

Mean of

Foot Depth.

in Feet.

Month.

Month.

Month.

100 cf.s.

100 cf.s.

Month.

+0 0187

+0-087

9-525

-0-335

-0-326

163

-53

9-569

+0-0327

+0 055

9-612

-0-316

-0-300

163

-49

9-660

+0-0390

+0 074

9-677

-0-283

-0-264

163

-43

9-676

+00312

+0-204

9-741

-0-244

-0-228

163

-37

9-802

+00093

+0-381

9-945

-0-213

-0-208

163

-34

580-077

-0-0052

+0-315

580-326

-0-204

-0-206

175

-36

0-589

-0-0107

+0-104

0-641

-0-209

-0-214

175

-38

0-711

-0-0107

-0064

0-745

-0-220

-0-225

175

-39

0-779

-0-0127

-0-217

0-681

-0-231

-0-238

175

-42

0-582

-0-0077

-0-271

0-464

-0-244

-0-248

175

-43

0-347

+0-0040

-0-273

0-193

-0-252

-0-250

175

-44

0045

+0 0145

-0 179

579-920

-0-248

-0-241

163

-39

579-799

+0-0359

-0007

9-741

-0-234

-0-216

163

-35

9-694

+0-0423

+0-112

9-734

-0-198

-0-177

163

-29

9-778

+0-0405

+0-298

9-846

-0-156

-0-136

163

-22

9-914

+0-0299

+0-472

580 144

-0-116

-0-101

175

-18

580-369

+0-0070

+0-405

0-616

-0-086

-0-082

175

-14

0-853

-0-0134

+0-192

1-021

-0079

-0-085

191

-15

1179

-0-0205

-0-057

1-213

-0-092

-0-102

191

-18

1-243

-0-0027

-0-256

1-156

-0-112

-0-124

191

-24

1-066

948

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

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INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMUISSION
SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

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INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

951

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1'9a

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3 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

MEMORANDUM

For the Deputy Minister of Public Works, Covering the Work of the
INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION.
Between October 15, 1909 and December, 1, 1910.

The customary meetings of the full Commission were held at monthly in-
tervals and alternately in Toronto and Buffalo.
The subjects taken up during the year were:

1. The proposition by the Long Sault Development Company and the St.
Lawrence Power Company to place a dam across the St. Lawrence river, at the
foot of Long Sault rapids.

2. The marking on modern charts of the boundary line through the St.
Lawrence river and the Great Lakes, between St. Regis and Pigeon river.

3. Regulation of Lake Erie.

Long Sault Development.

This question was again submitted to the Commission on December 24,
1909. Honoural)le D. S. Alexander, Chairman of the Committee on Rivers and
Harbours of the United States House of Representatives, transmitted to the
Commission a copy of a Bill introduced bj' Representative H. Malby and
providing for the construction, of certain dams, locks, canals and other struc-
tures in the St. Lawrence river, at and near Long Sault Island, St. Lawrence
County, New York.

This Bill reads as follows: —

'Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the Long Sault Development
t ompany, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York, its
successors and assigns be, and they herebj' are, authorized to construct, main-
tain, and operate for water-power and other purposes a clam or dams across
the Saint Lawrence river between points on the United States and Canadian
shores of said river near Long Sault island or Barnharts island or Sheek island,
and the said islands, or any of them, and between said islands, in and across so
much of the said river as lies south of the international boundary line between
the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada, either independ-
ently or in connection with like works now erected or to be erected in and across
so much oi said river as lies to the north or Canadian side of said international
boundary line, and in connection with such dam or dams, a bridge or bridges
and approaches thereto, and a lock or locks, a canal or canals, and other struc-,
tures appurtenant thereto: Provided, That such dam or dams, lock or locks,
canal or canals, and other structures appurtenant thereto shall be constructed
maintained, and operated in all respects subject to and in accordance with
the provisions of the Act entitled "An Act to regulate the construction of dams
across navigable waters," approved June twenty-first, nineteen hundred and
six: A7id provided further, That such bridge or bridges and approaches thereto
shall be constructed, maintained, and operated in all respects subject to and
in accordance with the provisions of the Act entitled "An Act to regulate the
construction of bridges over navigable waters," approved March twenty-third,
19a— 65 953

954 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

nineteen hundred and six, except that the actual construction of the works
hereby authorized shall be commenced within one year and completed within
fifteen year.s from the date of the passage of this Act, or from the date of the
consent of the proper authorities of the United States of America and the Dom-
inion of Canada to the construction of said works, or of the approval of the
plans and specifications and location and accessory works thereof; and this Act
shall not be construed as authorizing said company, its successors or assigns, to
construct the said dams, canals, locks, and other works until such consent and
approval shall be obtained.'

As it will be seen by this Bill and by our Progress Reports for the years
1907, 1908 and 1909, the subject of legislation to authorize power development
at that place was not a new one. But, when the promoters of this scheme
appeared before the Commission last, it was understood that new plans were
being prepared, which were to be submitted at some future date and bj^ which
thej- were to overcome the many objections raised against the proposed under-
taking by the interests of na\'igation. From the time thej^ were last heard
by the Commission at its public meeting of Nov. 28, 1908, to the reference by the
Committee on Rivers and Harbours of ]\Ir. Malby's Bill on December 24, 1909,
the promoters did not communicate with anj' member of the Commission.

The Canadian Section were of the opinion that thej^ had nothing to do with
the matter since it had been referred by the government to the Chief Engineers
of the Departments of Marine, Railways and Canals and Public Works.

When the Commission met in Buffalo on Januarj^ 7, 1910, the objections
mentioned in our former reports of the Prime Minister of Canada, to
the consideration of the subject had been withdrawn.

The Canadian Section, however, declined at that meeting to join in a report
on the ground that many interests were opposed even to the modified scheme
of the promoters, and that those interests had to be heard before any recommend-
dation was made. The Commission decided to give all parties full notice of
a public hearing which was fixed to February 8, 1910, in Toronto. But, as
representatives of the promoters were present it was agreed to hear them immed-
iately. The proceedings of this public hearing is appended marked A.

At the pubHc hearing held in Toronto, on Feb. 8 and 9, 1910, several public
bodies and private corporations were heard in opposition to the proposed
power development. Others in favour of the scheme, -were also given an oppor-
tunity of presenting their Aiews. (See appendix B.)

No final action was deemed advisable bj' the Canadian Section.
At the meeting of the Commmission held in Buffalo, N. Y., on March
11, 1910, a telegram was read from Honourable Frank Cochrane, dated March
10, 1910 stating that the Ontario Government desired a hearing on the applic-
ation of the Long Sault Development Company. It was decided they would
hear Mr. Cochrane in Toronto at the next meeting in April. But Captain Logan
being present, the Commission decided they would hear him. (See Appendix C.)
A protest from Geo. A. Stiles, on behalf of the Towt Council anO Board
of Trade of Cornwall was also presented. He summarized his objections to
the scheme as follows:

"1. To dam the -whole body of water in a navigable river of the dimen-
sions of the St. LawTence at a point where it is of an international character
is an unheard of proposition. The closest approach to it is in the case of the
Nile, which however, cannot in s'ze or volume of water, be compared to the St.
Lawrence and at a po'iit where similar works are constructed is entirely in
Egyptian Territory and when the reason for these works is entirely different from
what is urged here.

"2. The scheme proposed by the Long Sault Development Company and
the St. Lawrence Company involves the handing over of the greatest natural
water power in Eastern Canada to a private corporation.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 955

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1'9a

"3. It further means that the heritage of our people in these resources will
be placed within the control of aliens for two reasons: (a) These two develop-
ment companies are controlled by American wealth, (b) The present plans
of the Companies indicate the physical location of the power development in
United States Territory.

"4. The scheme is altogether premature; no demand for any such horse
power as would be developed here, the amount of which is practically untold,
exists in Eastern Canada.

"5. It would not be possible for boats to pass uninterruptedly down the
river as now, but locking would be necessary in every instance.

"6. Such a dam as is proposed would undoubtedly raise the level of the
water in the river at points west of it very seriously, and would almost undoubt-
edly cause j^early ice jams and consequent flooding.

"7. One of the finest of our natural beauty spots, which is more or less
invested with historic associations would be entirely blotted out.

"8. International complications would almost certainly arise because our
interest in the power in the proposed scheme could only be secured by treaty
a id treaties, as every reader of History knows, are notoriously violated.

"9. So far as I have become familiar with the plans of the promoters, not
one single horse-power is to be developed in Canada.

"10. The United States would be in a position to put an export tax on power
exported to Canada.

''11. There is plenty of opportunity for splendid power development on
this side of the river without resorting to any such radical work as is proposed.

"12. The water supply for this town and points east, which is now the finest
in the world, would undoubtedly seriously deteriorate if the rapids were obliter-
ated and this risk would be further increased, if any considerable population
should gather about the proposed work.

■'13. The scheme amounts to the placing of an American gate across the
St. Lawrence.

"14. Tourist traffic would be seriously dimin.shed.

"15. It is undoubtedly a fact that the coal supplies on this continent are
being seriously reduced and it can only be a question of a very short time before
the sources of electrical power will be of the utmost value. Under these circum-
stances it would be a mistake of the highest importance to hand over these rapids
to private companies promoted by foreign capital."

The members of the Canadian Section stated they did not desire at this
time to join with the American Section in a report to the Chairman of the Rivers
and Harbours Committee on Bill H. R. 14531, and it was decided that so far
as the full Commission was concerned, action on the application of the Long
Sault Rapids Development Company would be deferred.

The American Section, however, stated that they felt compelled to make
a report immediately on the ground that the session of Congress was
so far advanced that no further clelay was permissible if the report was to be
of any service to the Committee on Rivers and Harbours. They decided there-
fore to express their own views and did so in a report dated March 11, 1910.
This report is annexed to the Sixth Progress Report of the Amercian Section
dated November 1, 1910.

The American members of the Commission, with a view to fully recognize
the necessity of co-operation between the Government of Canada and the
Government of the United States in the approval of plans, the supervision
of the construction of the works, and the establishment and enforcement of
regulations for operating them, suggested in their report several amendments
to the B'll. For instance the following section —

I

19a— 654

956 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

'Section — .This Act shall not become operative until the government of the
Dominion of Canada shall signify to the Secretarj- of State of the United States
its consent to the construction of such dam and other structures: Provided, That
if said consent be not given within two years from the date of this Act, then this
Act shall be null and void.'

The conditions provided in the Bill for the protection of naxdgation and other
public interests are contained in a reference to two United States laws which
apply to streams which are exclusively American. To make them applicable to
the St. Lawrence the American Commission suggested that the following addi-
tional provisos be introduced:

'And provided further, That all plans, drawings, and maps, and all deviations
therefrom and modifications thereof, either before or after completion of the
structures, and all conditions and stipulations which may be imposed in connec-
tion with the erection, use, and operation of the dams and works shall first be
submitted to and approved by the International Waterways Commission: And
provided further. That the construction, maintenance, regulation, and operation
of such structures shall be in accordance with any agreement which may be
made in reference thereto between Great Britain, acting on behalf of the Domin-
ion of Canada, and the Secretary of State of the United States, acting on behalf
of the United States, with the assent of the Secretary of War.'

Additional sections as follows were also suggested—^

'Sec- — .The dam or dams, and lock or locks, and other works shall be con-
structed under the supervision of an engineer to be designated by the Secretary
of War; when completed the title to the lock on the south side of the boundarj'
shall be conveyed to the United States, together with perpetual right of access
thereto by the officers and employees of the United States over any and all
parts of said tlam and over any and all ajiproaches thereto and over any and all
bridges. The Long Sault Development Company shall maintain saitl locks,
dams, bridges, and approaches and make all repairs thereon in such manner and
at such time as may be directed by the Secretary of War, and in case of its
failure to do so the Government of the United States may maintain said works
and make repairs at the expense of the said company, M'hich company shall
reimburse the United States therefor. Of the power generated by the works
herein authorized, an amount which in the opinion of the Secretary of War
shall be sufficient to operate any lock or locks which may be constructed shall be
furnished free of charge to the government of the United States.

'Sec. — .When completed the title to the dam or dams on the soutli side of
the boundary shall be conveyed by the Long Sault Development Companj- to
the United States, subject to perpetual right of user by the Long Sault Develop-
ment Company and its successors, without payment for such use, except in case
of forfeiture: Provided, That in case the said company shall at any time violate
any of the provisions of this Act, or fail to comply with the directions of the
Secretary of War or the chief of Engineers, or with any conditions or regula-
tions which may be imposed by the International Waterways Commission, with
the approval of the Secretary of War, or with any conditions or regulations
which maj' be made pursuant to any agreement between the United States and
Great Britain, on behalf of the Dominion of Canada, the President of the United
States may declare the said right of user forfeited, and so much of said dam or
dams and their approaches, and of said bridges, as lie south of the boundary,
shall thereupon become the propert}- of the United States, free and clear of said
right of user.

'Sec. — .The United States shall be entitled to use the waters impoimded by
said dam and works for the purpose of operating the lock or locks which may be
constructed south of the boundary line, in such manner and at such times as the
Secretarj' of War may reriuire, and the United States shall at all times have
the right to control the use of the dam or dams and the levels of the pool or pools

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 957

SESSIONAL PAPER No. I^a

formctl thereby, to such extent as may be deemed necessary by the Secretary of
War to provide proper facilities for navigation, and the withdrawal of water
from such pool or pools for the purpose of generating power shall be subject to
such regulations as may be made by the Secretary of War, or by the Inter-
national Waterways Commission, with his approval, and shall at no time be such
as to impede or interfere with the safe and convenient navigation of the said
river by means of steamboats or other vessels or by rafts or barges.

'Sec. — .The Long Sault Development Company, its successors and assigns,
shall construct such suitable fishways at said dam or dams as maj' be recjuired
from time to time by the Secretary of Commerce and Labour.'

The time allowed in the Bill for completing the works — fifteen years — seemed
to the American Commissioners too great. They recommended that it be
reduced to five j'ears, and that a new section be introduced as follows: —

'Sec. — .The actual con.struction of the works herein authorized shall be
begun within one year and completed within five years from the date when this
Act becomes operative.'

The principle that after na\'igation is fully pro\'idecl for the surplus water
available for power purposes shall be equally divided between the two countries
was not mentioned in the Bill. But the American Commissioners thought it
should find a place there, and they recommended that an additional section
bo introduced , worded as follows:

'Sec. — .One half tlie power generated by the works herein authorized shall
be delivered in Canada when needed there, and the other half shall be delivered
in the L^nited States when needed there, and the price charged shall be the same
on either side of the boundary: Provided, That in case a market can not be
found in one country for the full share thus assigned to that country, the surplus
may be temporarily diverted to the other country, but .shall be returned to the
country to which it belongs when needed there.'

Finally they added a section to the Bill reserving the right to alter, amend,
or repeal it.

A subsequent and last public hearing on the subject was held in Toronto,
on April 1.5, 1910. The Ontario Government represented by G. Lj^nch Staunton,
K. C. and other parties were heard <n opposition and in support of the proposecl
works. (See Appendix D.)

The Commission took no action on the matter.

The Canadian Government did not require the Commission to make
a report. Mr. ^Malby's B'll before the L^nited States House of Representatives
failed to become a law and the American members of the Commission seemed
to take no interest in the matter aft?r their report to the Committee on Rivers
and Haibours dated March 11, 1910.

At a meeting of the Commission held in Buffalo on August 26, 1910,
;\Ir. John H. Finney representing the Long Sault Development Companj',
extended to the Commission an invitation to visit the site of the proposed
works in the St. Lawrence river, at the Long Sault rapids, either that day
or on some future date to be decided on. The Commission then adopted the
following resolution :

'Resolved: That owing to the fact that the plans of the Long Sault Develop-
ment Company will have to be dealt with by the new International Joint Com-
mission to be appointed under the recent treaty between the United States and
Great Britain, the International Waterways Commission feels it is not advis-
able for them to accept the kind invitation of the Long Sault Development
Companj^, extended to the Commission bj- Mr. Finney to visit the site of the
proposed works of the Long Sault Development Company near Long Sault
island, in the St. Lawrence river.'

958 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
International Boundary Line Through the Great Lakes.

In accordance with the terms of the treaty signed on 11th April, 1908, the
Commission has been engaged during the past j'ear in the continuation of the
work of marking the boundarj' line through the Great Lakes, and has made very
substantial progress along the lines detailed in my memorandum covering the
work of the Commission between March 1st, 1908, and October 15, 1909.

New charts of the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes and communicating
waterways are being prepared. -

There will be 30 in all, mcluding an index chart; the rivers on a scale of

20^ and the lakes on a scale of 3^^

Three charts will be made on a scale of „„ „„,, for:

60,000

Eastern end of Lake Ontario;

Western end of Lake Erie;

Lake St. Clair.

One chart, covering Niagara Falls and vicinity will be: ^^ ,

About 65 per cent of the drafting and 44 per cent of the engraving of these
charts has been completed.

By Article IV of the treaty, 'the existing International Waterwaj-s Com-
mission is authorized and empowered to ascertain and re-establish accurately
the location of that portion of the international boundary line extending through
the St. Lawrence river and the Great Lakes, between St. Regis and Pigeon river,
Lake Superior.' It is agreed that 'wherever the boundary line is shown on
the old boundary charts by a curved line along the water, the Commissioners are
authorized, in their discretion, to adopt, in place of such curved line, a series of
connecting straight lines defined bj- distances and courses and following gener-
ally the course of such curved line, but conforming strictly to the description of
the boundary jn the existing treaty provisions, and the geographical co-ordinates
of the turning points of such line shall be stated by said Commissioners so as to
conform to the system of latitudes and longitudes of the charts to be prepared;
and said Commissioners shall, so far as practicable, mark the course of the entire
boundary line located and defined by buoys and monuments in the waterways
and by permanent range marks established on the adjacent shores or islands,
and by such other boundary marks and at such points as in the judgment of the
Commissioners it is desirable that the boundary should be so marked; and the
line of the boundary defined and located as aforesaid shall be laid down by said
Commissioners on accurate modern charts prepared or adopted by them for that
purpose; and the Commissioners shall also prepare a joint report describing in
detail the course of said line and the range marks and buoys marking it, and the
character and location of each of the boundary marks. ' --

In the preparation of these charts it was found that there were many inac-
curacies in the old charts, and some survej-^ work has become necessarj', par-
ticularlj' in the upper Niagara river, the St. Marys river, and in the lower
Detroit. These have been completed; but there still [remains to make a
detailed survey of Pigeon bay. Lake Superior.

As the whole boundary line is through the water, it has not been considered
advisable to place a permanent beacon at each change of direction; and it was
considered both inadvisable and impracticable to place and maintain buoys.
It, therefore, became necessary for the Commission to adopt some other method,
and it was finally decided to place a monument on the shore, abreast of or at
some convenient point in the vicinity of each turning point.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 959

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IBa

In the preparation of the report, called for by the treaty, the geodetic
positions of all these monuments and the turning points will be given, and the
azimuth and distances of the turning points from the fixed monuments, stated.
In this way any person "desirous of locating the boundary either on a map or in
the field, can do so.

A great deal of consideration was given to the question of the material of
which the monuments should be constructed, and it was finally decided that
nothing would answer the purpose better than concrete in the form of the frustum
of a cone, with hemispherical top. The part below ground is 5 feet deep and
2^/^ feet in diameter. The visible portion is 2}^ feet high, 2 feet in diameter
at the base, 13^ feet in diameter at the top of the frustum, and the hemisphere
has a radius of 9 inches. A copper pin is inserted in the centre of the top of each
monument to mark the point with precision. Each monument has also a separate
number cast in its side when being moulded. For this purpose, detachable steel
moulds were made from designs prepared by Mr. W. Edward Wilson, secretary
of the American section of the Commission, and the work of placing the
monuments was begun in July at St. Regis and extended as far as Morrisburg,
Ont. For this stretch of river (about 32 miles long) 35 monuments were
placed by one small party.

For the coming season, it is proposed to push the work of placing monuments
to completion, and three parties will be placed in the field, one on the St. Law-
rence river, one on the Niagara, Detroit and St. Clair rivers, and one on the St.
Marys river.

Pending the completion of the Commissioners' charts, no definite location
of the boundary line has been made along any part of the system. This will be
left vmtil the completion of the charts and field work.

Most of the data for the construction of these charts is obtained from the
United States Lake Survey, as they have performed most of the hydrographic
work on the Great Lakes, viz : all their own shores and quite a large portion of the
Canadian shores. The balance of the Canadian shores has been done by the
Canadian Hydrographic Survey, and their records have been placed at the
disposal of the Commission.

Regulation of the Lake Erie.

At a meeting of the Commission held in Toronto on 14th and 15th June,
1905, one of the subjects for discussion and report was 'as to the advisability of
building controlling works at the outlet of Lake Erie, including the effect on the
lakes and rivers, upon their shores and upon the River St. Lawrence. ' A com-
mittee of the Commission consisting of Messrs. Coste and Haskell was appointed
to undertake the gathering of data and the investigation into this important
matter. This committee, after a very large amount of labour, presented its
report on December 15, 1909, and the full Commission took the matter
into consideration and issued its report on the January 8, 1910.

In submitting the question to the Conmission, Congress had before it a
report of the board of engineers appointed to investigate a scheme for deep
waterways between the Great Lakes and Atlantic tide water, in which it was
recommended that the level of Lake Erie should be 'regulated 'by means of a
submerged weir in connection with a set of sluice gates placed at its outlet near
the head of Niagara river, and it was into the regulation here described that the
Commission inquired. Roughly speaking, it was found that the low water stage
of Lake of Erie could be raised about one foot, thus raising Lake St. Clair 0-61
of a foot, and Lake Michigan-Huron 0-27 of a foot, without raising the high
water stage. But to do this would mean the lowering of the low water stage of

960 DrrAHTMEXT OF PCBLIC WORK^

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Lake Ontario 4:}4 inches and decrease the depth on the St. LawTence canal
sills b}' 7-66 inches.

The City of Buffalo, its southerly suburbs and all the low land around the
lake, such as Cong Point, Point Pelee and Pelee island, Sandusky baj^ would
suffer by increased damage from floods and from a postponement of the date of
opening navigation in the spring.

In weighing the advantages and disadvantages, the Commission considered
that the advantages were not of such overwhelming character as to justify both
governments in entering upon tlie work of regulating Lake Erie.

The report of the Commission on this important matter has been
pubHshed. (See page 781).

There remained to be considered whether compensating works of some
kind may be constructed, which will benefit the navigation of the waters above
without injury to those below, and with only minor damages if any, to the
adjoining land.

The Commission is now engaged in the studj' of this most important prob-
lem. And as soon as the necessary surveys are completed, a supplementary
report will be submitted.

The whole respecfully submitted,

THOMAS COTE,

Secretary, Canadian Section.
Ottawa, Ont.,

November 15, 1910.

APPENDIX A.

Proceedixgs of public hearing at Buffalo, N. Y., January 7, 1910, in reference
to Bill H. R., 14531, being a Bill for the construction of locks, dams, canals,
and other a])purtenant structures in the St. Lawrence River at or near
the Long Sault Island, St. Lawrence County, N. Y.

Buffalo, N.Y., January 7, 1910.

General ernst: The secretary A\ill take the names of the gentlemen who
M'ish to address us.

Gentlemen: You are all familiar with the object of this hearing, which is,
to hear tlie promoters and the opposers of the power development at the Long
Sault. ]\Ir. Davis, representing the American company, and Mr. McCarthy',
representing the Canadian company, are here on behalf of the promoters, and,
if you do not object, I will call upon them first. In the meantime, the Secretary
will go about and get the manes of the other gentlemen who wish to speak.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 961

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. Davis, it is suggested that I state that our time is somewliat limited.
One of our members would like to get away about noon and we would like to
have you make your statement as concise as possible. Of course we do not
want to cut you off.

Commissioner Gibbons: I would s.uggest, before Mr. Davis speaks, this:
The Commission have had this matter before them several times. The prin-
ciple adopted by the Commission, I merely repeat, — that these developments
should be permitted where they can be permitted consistent with the interests
of navigation. There has been very strong opposition to this scheme on the
part of some people in Canada because admittedly it did interfere with the navi-
gation of the river by the Richelieu and Ontario boats. It has been said, on
the other side, that the general interests of navigation would be benefited; that,
although the boats would not run these rapids, and of course, they would not
if the rapids were dammed, the interests of navigation, as a whole, would be bene-
fited rather than injured by these improvements. I may say to you that that is
the one point about which some of the Conamission, at any rate, want more
information on. There are no opponents represented here. They were not notified
to be here. It was not understood by them that this matter was to come up at
this hearing. It is for you to say whether you would consider it politic or not to
now go into the matter fully, or, rather to go into it at a meeting which I think
should be called in Canada, open to the press, when this whole matter should be
threshed out, and when the opposers to the scheme would state definitely what
their opposition is based upon. There have been resolutions, as you know, of the
Marine Association, of the Boards of Trade, against the proposal, and we have
a right, I think, to ask them why they have passed these resolutions. You
should be present. They should give their reasons; you should answer; and
this Commission should decide this important question to the best of their
judgment after hearing these matters threshed out by all those concerned.
Nothing would be more impolitic than that there should be any decision that
would leave it open to any body to say that their case had not been stated.
I do not think it is either in the interests of your Company or otherwise that there
should be any snap judgment given with regard to a matter which, to a great
many people, is considered very important. You are asking to dam a river that
has been for all time open. It may be desirable, bearing in mind the general
])rinciples that this Commission has adopted, that that should be done, but it
should be only done when the reasons are patent to the public and justify it.
It would block this Company rather than facilitate its operations if the Commis-
sion, without proper evidence and proper consideration, would say that you
should place this dam in the St. Lawrence river. I think the good sense of
the gentlemen who are promoting this scheme ■\\ill show them that delay would
be politic in their o\\m interests, — that this is not a matter that can he forced
against public opinion. The government of Canada have to give their consent.
I still do think tliat we ought to have one m.ore hearing at which everybody
should have a chance to have their say and then the Commission should, after
considering the matter, give their report and give their reasons for the report;
and whatever the report is they should be ready to justify it as having been
given upon proper consideration of the whole matter. The Americans do not
navigate the St. Lawrence; it is Canadian; Canadian boats only are there in
operation, and it is Canadian interests in a sense only that are affected. This
meeting to deal with it should be where these people who object have a chance
to say what grounds they have for their objections. I am sorry to say
that herefore there were constant resolutions without giving the reason upon
which those resolutions were based. Now, I think we have a right to say to
the Marine Association 'Why do you oppose? It is said that this will assist
navigation and not injure it; what do you say to that?' And, in the presence
of both sides, let the Commission hear the whole subject threshed out.

962 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WOIiKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

I only say tliese things, gentlemen', with a vievr to shortening matters
if possible, but I think I express the general view of the Commission as to what
is in our minds and what are the issues.

General Ernst: I understand there is opposition here, but we will let
the development company'speak first, jMr.jDavis.

Mr. Davis: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen: I appear in behalf of the Long
Sault Development Company, a New York corporation chartered by a special
Act of the New York State Legislature.

There has been introduced into Congress of the United States a Bill author-
izing the Long Sault Development Company to construct these works in the
St. Lawrence river in so far as these works lie in American territory, and this
bill having been referred to the Rivers and Harljours Committee of Congress
is now officially, as we understand it, before the International Waterways Com-
mission, or at least before the American Section of the International Water-
ways Commission, with the idea that the Commission will report to the Rivers
and Harbours Committee. In so far, therefore, as we are pressing for an early
hearing, we are only actuated by a desire not to interfere with the course of the
legislation in Washington. We have no desire at all to embarrass either the
Canadian Section of the Commission or our confreres in the enter prise in Canada.
We have our engineers here this morning and we are quite ready to explain
the details of the project as fully as j'ou may desire to listen to them, and to
answer any question which you may desire to ask.

Mr. McCarthy: Mr. Chairman, and gentlemen: I apprehend that Mr.
Gibbons, the Chairman of the Canadian Section, misconceives the position
which the Canadian Companj' is in in coming here to-day. We have never sought
to rush the matter. We have never sought to unduly press the matter.

On or about the 28th of December, I communicated by telephone with
Mr. Gibbons and told him that I understood that the American Section desired
that this matter should be heard in order that thej' might make a report to
Congress upon the Bill of the Long Sault Development Company, Mdiich bad been
introduced in Congress, and that for that purpose they desired the Long Sault
Development Company to appear here at the meeting which was to be held
on the 7th of January. Mr. Gibbons suggested to me then that that was too
soon from the Canadian standpoint; that there ought to be more notice given;
and that in any event, or moreover, that such meeting for the purpose of hearing
the Canadian interests which were opposed should take place in Canada. I
immediately told Mr. Gibbons that we had no objection to that, but that from
the point of view of American legislation it was necessary that there should be
speed, and for that reason we must comply with the requests of the American
Section and appear jointly with our confreres at this meeting. I understand,
•with all respects, that Mr. Gibbons has said that the Dominion IMarine Associa-
tion did have notice that our plans had been filed and that we intended to appear
here to-day; and, further. I have this to saj', that the President of the Dominion
Marine Association was in Toronto on his way to Buffalo, I understand, the
day before yesterday.

Commissioner Gibbons: Mr. Stewart told him that it would not come up.

Mr. McCarthy: Mr. Stewart, however, had notified them that it would
come and that plans had been deposited and that the American Section were
desirous of hearing the matter. Now, the position, as I conceive it to be to-day,
is not that we are pressing the Canadian Section at all. We do not desire to
do that, though we are perfectly ready to go on. If the American Section can,
according to the rules and procedure adopted by this joint high Commission, make
their report to Congress upon this matter without the Canadian Section join: ig

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 963

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

in it, then there is absolutely no objection from our standpoint of having the
naatter stand to a later day for a hearing in Canada to hear all parties that
are opposed from the Canadian standpoint. If that be possible, — and you
gentlemen of the Commission know whethi r it is or not — a great deal of discus-
sion will probablj^ be ob\'iated. Is that possible?

General Eenst: That is possible, yes.

Commissioner Clinton: No, not exactly

Mr. McCarthy : Then may I go one step further, if I am not intruding?

Commissioner Clinton: I do not think it possible, in one sense, and I
do not think it is politic. The Commission have alM^ays dealt M'ith these matters
as a whole. They are one Commission. There are three Canadian members
and three Americans, but it is one Commission. We have made several reports
to our governments upon different matters, but the Comm.ission should act
as a whole upon every matter that comes before them. There would be nothing
so unfortunate as that the Commission should get into two classes, one Canadian
and one American. It is really one Commission acting for both countries'

General Ernst : I said it was 'possible' to do so.

Mr. McCarthy: Mr. Gibbons suggests it is not politic, althougi it is
possible. I then have to say that if that situation cannot take place, look at
the position in which you are placing the Long Sault Company. The American
Section, if it is ready to report, is being held back by the Canadian interests
because they saj' they have not had time to consider the scheme and that a
sufficient notice has not been given. Now, practically ten daj^s notice has been
given, and, further than that, a good deal more notice has been given, because
the president of the St. Lawrence Power Company, discussing with the only
opponents that have arisen in Canada, namely, the Marine Association, repre-
sented by the President of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company,
about the 15th of December, while that Association was in session in Toronto,
was told that at the next meeting of this Commission we were going to use our
best endeavours to have this matter disposed of. Therefore, for a period of some
twenty three or twenty four days, they have knowTi. They were formally
notified by the Secretary, or Acting Secretary of the Canadian Section, about
the 29th of December. Now, I understand that unless the Commission does
report to Congress and the Bill which is introduced makes considerable progress
before the first of February, that that bill is very likely to be unduly delayed
and hampered in its progress through Congress. If that is so, the Long Sault
Development Company on the American side is put in a very difficult position.
It is for you, gentlemen, to say whether it is put in a fair or an unfair position.

Now, I am a Canadian, and I take no second place to any Canadian in
fighting for Canadian interests, but I am not so far prejudiced that I could say
to my fellow countrymen that'you have had three meetings in reference to this
matter in Canada ; you have been allowed to say all you can say in the City of
Toronto twice, and the city of Montreal, once; that when it came to a fourth
discussion of the matter that it would be unfair to have that discussion take
place in the United States.' If the Dominion Marine Association thought t^t
this notice was too short, they should be here to say so. The Dominion Marine
Association, or, joining them all, all the opponents of the scheme, were offered,
as I thought most magnanimously, by the Chairman of the Canadian Section
on the approval of the Prime Minister of Canada, three years ago and two years
ago it was repeated, the services of an engineer or engineers to be named by them,
free of cost, to investigate this proposition, to have access to our plans, which
we promised them we would give them, to explain fully to them this scheme.
They have never to this moment availed themselves of that cfffer. They prac-
tically, as Mr. Gibbons will remember, Mr. King speaking on their behalf,

964 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

refused to put themselves in the hands of an engineer. Their arguments liave
been all of the same character; 'Hands off the St. Lawrence. You can't touch
it, because it is a channel that should not be touched, for tlie Richelieu and
Ontario Company manage it or use it and there is no right to have interference.'
The Commission have enunciated a principle to those gentlemen in as plain
language as possible. No language could be more plain than that used by Mr.
Gibbons: 'If navigation is interfered with, no works wall be permitted; if navi-
gation is not interfered with, works may be permitted.'

You have had three hearings. What tittle of evidence have they submitted
to this Commission that navigation will be interfered with? On the contrary,
aren't you all satisfied from the statements that have been made, from the plans
that have been filed, from the descriptions and th? plans filed, that navigation
will be vastly improved? The whole point, as Mr. Gibbons puts it this norning,
is whether or not navigation will be improved or otherwise. Now, what are
we to do? We want to be reasonable; we want to meet the views of you, Mr.
Chairman, of your Section; we want to meet the views of the Canadian Section,
but we do not want this year to go past without our getting the legislation at
Washington that is necessary to the advancement of this scheme, nor do we
want the Parliament of Canada to rise without our getting the approval of this
scheme there. Both of these legislative bodies will rise early in the spring,
according to the looks now. What, again, I repeat are we to do under these
circumstances, with every desire to be reasonable, with every desire to meet
the wishes of everybody? We have not gone by any back door methods; we
have invited these men to have the most thorough investigation of our plans.
They have been writing newspaper articles in conjunction with the testimony of
the Montreal Light, Heat & Power Companies, and other kindred newspaper
articles, attacking us for three years. They know our scheme — at least they
profess to know it — and the}' cannot say with any fairness that they would be
taken unawares; that they would be taken at too short notice; that they desired
to appear here to-day. They have not come. Why haven't they come? Tliere
isn't any doubt but that they were notified.

Commissioner Gibbons: This Commission did not arrange to take this
matter up at all today. I did not understand it was to be taken up either
yesterday or to-day. The Commission had not arranged it. They may have
given the notice, but Mr. Stewart, understanding that it was not to come up,
informed the President of the Marine Association that it would, not be taken up.

(At this point, an informal discussion took place as to the ad\-isability
of a hearing at Toronto in the near future, at which time and place the applicants,
and others in favour of, and those opposed to the proposed development, should
be heard.)

Mr. McCarthy: Shall we withdraw and enable the Commission to discuss
the matter?

General Ernst: Well, gentlemen, if there is nobody here who cares to
address us, it will be well to close the public hearing. If there should be another
meeting, you will be notified, but it is not usual for us to ask people to come and
see. us; it is generally granting permission or granting our consent to hear them.

Mr. McCarthy: Perhaps, if you would permit me fo state this without
occupying more time, that there is here to-day the representative in the jierson
of Mr. Robert Pringle, K. C, appointed by the Cornwall Boaril of Trade and
the Cornwall town council and others, to address you on their behalf in favour
of this scheme, wanting the application approved in order that they may have
power delivered to their door; I'kew'sc, does Mr. Powell, of Brock ville, represent-
ing the town coimcil of Brockville; Mr. McLaren, the President of the Board
of Trade of Brockville, who would be prepared to address you if it was thought

lyTERyATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSlOy 965

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1>9a

wise; likewise; Mr. Dowsley, of Prescott, representing the Board of Trade of
that town. And I have a'so, which properly should be mentioned, the memorials
from the municipality of the town of Alexandria, the to^^^l council of Cornwall,
the Cornwall Board of Trade, signed by fortj' members, the municipal council
of Prescott, and others. I will leave them if you wish.

General Ernst: We will then consider the hearing closed.

APPENDIX B.

Proceedings at Public Hearing held in Toronto Feb. 8 and 9, 1910, on the
project of the St. Lawrence Power Company and the Long Sault Develop-
ment Co.

Toronto, Tuesday, Feby. 8, 1910.

The Commission met in the Queen's Hotel at 12 o'clock.

Present — Canadian Section : George C. Gibbons, Esq. K.C., Chairman;
W. J. Stewart, Esq. C. E.

American Section: Brig. -Gen. Ernst., chairman; George Clinton, Esq.;
Prof. Haskell; W. Edward Wilson, Esq., A. S. C. E., Secretary.

The following deputations were present : —

Long Sault Development Companv: Leighton McCarthy, K. C; J. W.
Rickey, C. E.; Henry Holgate, C. E..

The St. Lawrence Power Company: Leighton McCarthy, Esq., K. C;
Geo. C. Foster, K. C.

Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company: R. C. Smith, K. C; C. J. Smith,
manager.

Ontario Government: Hon. Adam Beck, Minister of Power; Irwin Hilliard,
Counsel.

The Commission of Conservation: Jas. White, Secretary.

Dominion Marine Association: Francis King, Secretary.; Frank Plummer,
Lake Freight Ass'n.

IMontreal: Eugene Lafleur, K. C, representing Montreal Board of Trade.;
John Kennedy, C. E., Engineer Harbour Commission; T. J. Coonan; Arthur
V. Davis; George G. Foster;

Toronto Board of Trade: W. J. Gage, President; F. G. Morley, Secretary;
Barlow Cumberland.

Prescott: F. S. Evanson, Mayor; J. K. Dowsley; I. P. Wiser.

Massena: Capt. W. W. Cline.

Shipping Federation: F. E. Meredith, Esq.

Brockville: A. M. Patterson, Mayor; W. C. Maclaren, President, Board of
Trade; H. A. Stewart, K. C. ; Jas. A. Hutcheson, K. C. Town Solicitor; W. S. Buell,
Ex.-Mayor; W. H. Davis; J. Webster; J. A. Mackenzie; Dr. S. Cowan; W. H.
Osborne; W. E. Brough; D. W. Do'miev; C. S. Consitt; A. T. Wilgress; G.
Barclay; R. Bowie; C. K. Eraser; W. H. Kyle; G. Ross; W. B. Thomson; C. T.
Wilkinson; W. Shearer, Secretary, Board of Trade; Senator Derbyshire.

966 DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Cornwall: Robert A. Pringle, K. C, representing Town of Cornwall and
Board of Trade; P. E. Campbell, President and General Manager Montreal
& Cornwall Navigation Co.

Morrisburg: Geo. H. Watson, K. C, representing Morrisburg and adjoining
municipalities.

Chairman Gibbons: Having adjourned the meeting until 2 o'clock on
account of the absence of Brig.-Gen. Ernst and Prof. Haskell, owing to a delay
in railway connection, resumed the chair at 2 o'clock.

Chairman Gibbons : I am exceedingly sorry that owing to the lateness of
the trains from New York and Washington two of the American Commissioners,-
General Ernst, chairman of the American Section, and Professor Haskell — may
not be able to reach Toronto till 4.30. After consultation with the other member
of the American Section, Mr. Clinton, it has been thought better to proceed, on ac-
count of the large number of people who have come here. What is said by the
gentlemen will be taken down in full in shorthand, and of course the Commis-
sioners who are not here will have the benefit of these remarks. The importance
of the question which is to come before the Commission is evidenced by the size
and importance of the delegations in attendance. I am not going to make a speech,
I am merely going to suggest to you the main issues that will have to govern
any decision that this Commission may reach in regard to this matter — this
being an International Board dealing with these international streams, and
being an advisory Board merely. The Commission has agreed upon certain
principles governing the use of these boundary waters. The first was that the
interests of navigation were paramount, but that wherever, without material
injury to the interests of navigation, developments for power could be permitted
by the use of these waters, that permission should be granted, but subject to
the condition that each country was to be ensured one-half the advantage from
such development. Now, a strong objection has been made — there may be a
great many others — that the present proposal involves the damming, by a
series of dams, of the St. Lawrence river — a navigable stream of which both
countries have by treaty a common right of use. And there is a further question,
whether the scheme as suggested is capable of being worked out in such away as to
ensure to the people of both countries an equal division of the power generated. I
should be very glad if you would arrange the order of your speakers and give
us the names of these. Of course we will first hear from those who will explain
the proposal of these two companies, one Canadian and one American. They
propose jointl}^ to deal with this question. If you cannot give us a list of the
names we would call upon them. If Mr. McCarthy is here I will call upon him.

Leighton McCarthy, K. C: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the Inter-
national Waterways Commission: As I understand this matter, the Commission
has met for the purpose of again discussing this somewhat important inter-
national matter. It is by no means a new matter to the members of j^our com-
mission. In October, 1907, this scheme or proposition was laid before this Com-
mission in this room. A month or two later, in view of certain criticism or in
view of the importance of it from the standpoint of the City of Montreal, you,
Sir, convened a meeting there, and the matter was very fully discussed by the
representatives of the respective power companies, and likewise by those who
were interested in seeing that all the details of the scheme were laid there, and
in protecting whatever rights or interests they might have upon the River St.
Lawrence. Again in November, 1908, your Commission was in session in Toronto,
and again was this matter discussed. On the 7th January of this year the
matter was discussed again before this Commission in Buffalo, and then it was
suggested that a meeting should be held in the City of Toronto for the purpose
of further discussing it. The original proposition made by the companies

I

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 967

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

desiring to develop power at the Long Sault rapids in the St. Lawrence river was
presented to the Government of Canada in December, 1907. The plans and pro-
position were discussed in a conference between the engineers of the power compa-
nies and the Government engineers. Certain modifications or changes in that scheme
or proposition were suggested, resulting in an amended proposition or petition
being submitted to the Government of Canada in January, 1909. That, Sir,
is the scheme which you are now considering. As I said in opening, this is an
international matter. It is not a matter involving only the interests of one
country; it involves the interests of the great republic to the south of us as well
as the interests of Canada. Both companies therefore ask a broad consideration
of the scheme which they are submitting for the development of this large pro-
position. It will better Canada as it will better the United States. We ask
for a united effort on the part of Canadians and Americans for the betterment
of the citizens of both countries. It is recognized by each country that the
consent each gives must be subject to the consent of the other. Never has
either company asked of its Government anything else than that the approval of
this scheme should be subject to the approval of the other country. Therefore
we come before you asking, in the interests of progress and development, that a
broad national view of this progressive proposition be given. The water which
now passes down the Long Sault rapids has for all those years practically run
to waste. It is said that a large amount of power can be developed there. The
citizens of Canada and the citizens of the United States in that immediate locality
are far removed from the coal-mines, which are the steam producers of both
countries where you have not got water-power. This water-power, therefore,
is to this locality the same thing as a coal-mine is to the localities in Nova Scotia
or the west, or to the same thing as the coal-mines of Pennsylvania are to the
people in that locality. Now, Sir, you will bear me out that we have from the
beginning agreed in endorsing and accepting the statement which you have so
well made with reference to the interests involved in this propo.sed scheme, or
affected thereby; and at the present time, as I understand it, if trouble there be
in the minds of any of the members of the Commission, it is solely and only on
the subject of navigation. Speaking in Toronto in 1908, Sir, you said: — 'No
permission would be given to anybody that does not give complete and absolute
control to some representatives of each Government, whatever form it takes.
At present this Commission may be given greater power to deal with these
questions relating to boundary waters; but at all times they will be subject to
the control of some body so that the interests of navigation will be protected
to the utmost. There is no danger at all from anything of that kind, not the
slightest. The one great big point here, and the only one point, is whether
these proposed improvements — which ought to be granted if they are not an
injury to navigation — will be an injury or a benefit upon the whole — and you
have to look upon them as a whole. Now, that is all there is to it. You need
not be afraid but that the matter will be very seriously considered by all the
members of the Commission, who will seek to get at the principle and do what is
right under the principle established, and which are the only proper principles to
govern them in dealing with what are international waters. We do not want
and must not allow any little jealousies between the two countries to arise.
Nobody has any property in this water; it is not American water, it is not Can-
adian water; it is common use.' 'You likewise spoke, Sir, in just as distinct
terms in the City of Montreal in November, 1907. You told the parties inter-
ested in navigation : — ' The interests of navigation are to be in all cases paramount
and subject only to the right of use of the water for domestic purposes.
That is to say, that where water is taken at Sault Ste. Marie, one-half of
the surplus water that can be taken without interfering with navigation should
be reserved for the use of the Canadian people. That principle has been adopted

968 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

by the general Commission. Now, this application comes before the Inter-
national Waterways Commission, being an international matter, and has to be
dealt with bj^ both Governments. Of course, it is the desire of the Commission
and in the public interest, that where power can be developed without injury to
paramount rights of navigation it should be permitted; but if there be interference
with these rights, of course it cannot be allowed.' 'Again, later, in speaking
in reply to a gentleman, you put it possiblj' more succinctly, and verj' much
to the point, when j'ou said: — 'You can rely upon that. 'I said at the opening
that the principle agreed upon by both sections of the Commission, United States,
and the other, is that the interests of na\'igation are paramount. The only idea
was that we should allow public unprovements consistent with that, but not
otherwise. It is to get at some means of finding what the truth is that we are
holding this meeting.' Now, as I say, we concede that the interests of navi-
gation are paramount. What is the situation, then, as to navigation interests?
And what are the navigation interests involved? We assert, our engineers
advise us, and we have not heard of any engineer that says to the contrary, that
not onlj- will navigation not be prejudicially affected at this particular point, but
that it wall be very vastly and greatly improved. We have yet to hear from
any engineer expert that the navigation interests at this particular point will
not be improved if our proposed scheme is allowed to be carried out. It has
been suggested, it has been currently said, 'Oh, but you must not dam the St.
Lawrence.' Sir, that is correct, technically correct, but we are not damming
the St. Lawrence in the sense that that gentleman desires the public to under-
stand. The dam or dams that will be put in there are at an impassible point —
at the Long Sault rapids — which is not used by the great majority, yes, almost
all of the vessels which ply St. Lawrence route — with but one or two exceptions
which I will deal with later. No vessel going west uses the Long Sault rapids
or the St. Lawrence river at that point. To day, be you a Canadian or be you
an American going west, you must use the Cornwall canal; without that you
cannot get west of the Long Sault rapids. You have to make seven lockages
to get through the Cornwall canal. By this scheme we do not propose to affect
in any manner whatsoever the Cornwall canal, which is to be left intact and its
integrity is to be preserved. So that, as all vessels going west must use the
Cornwall canal, therefore going west you will not be interfered with to the
sHghtest extent. Now, what are the navigation interests on the St. Lawrence
river that are going to be affected by this work, and what do they think of this
proposition? It is a very simple proposition, if the scheme is practicable and
feasible at all — and we have heard no engineer say that it was not practicable
and feasible, not one. We offer to the navigation interests, going east and going
west two channels where you have one. We offer to build for the navigation
interests a new lock with but one lift. We tell you, and we assert to you, and
we say that we will make good on that — that there will be ample facilities and
lots of water to handle the shipping interests that now ply upon the St. Lawrence
river. Is there any man within the sound of my voice, or anywhere in the
country or anj- other country, that will say that giving you two channels where
you have now but one is not an improvement? And when I add to that, that
the new channel will require but two lockages in the round trip, while the present
channel requires 13 lockages in the round trip, if there is a man who will saj'
that the navigation interests are not benefiting by this scheme if carried out
as we propose to carry it out? I do not believe there is, I think it .simply has to
be studied. It is .so obvious that when it is understood no cloud can be thrown
across one's eyes so as to prevent them from seeing the effect of it and the benefit
to be derived therefrom. Now, of course the question is to whether or not
what I say, and what my company say, is feasible or practicable, is largely an
engineering proposition. Two years ago this Commission offered to the Shipping
Federation of Montreal, the Dominion ^larine Association, the Board of Trade,

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 969

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

or any other parties interested, the services of engineers, to be paid for bj' the
Government of tliis country, to look into this scheme, to go to the bottom of it,
and to advise whether the proposition was feasible and practicable. Up to the
present moment I have not heard that any one of those organizations has taken
advantage of that offer; nor have I heard of any engineer differing from our
engineers with reference to the feasibility and practicability of the scheme.
Now, what are the navigation interests involved, and Mdio are they? I assert,
although the Dominion Marine Association some time since did place itself
on record as being opposed to this scheme, that the persons interested in the
Dominion Marine Association — that is, the users of this channel — are not
opposed to this proposition; that this proposition is in their own best interests.
Now, let us analyse and see whether my statement is correct, and whether or
not I can make good on that point. Who use the St. Lawrence channel? What is
the greater user of the St. Lawrence channel between Kingston and Montreal?
Practically altogether freight interests. There is but one passenger line doing
business between those points — (A voice: 'No') Two? (A voice: 'Two') Then
I stand corrected. (A voice: Three.') Mr. Smith's mind would find a great
many, I have no doubt about that, but the only one that I have heard anything
about is the one that chirped up at that moment.

Mr. Smith : Would you like the names of the others ?

Mr. McCarthy: Oh, you will get a chance later. I say therefore, that
tlie freighters are the people, the navigation interests, mostly interested in this
proposition. Who are they? The one person, I suppose, who controls and
manages the greater volume of that kind of business is Mr. J. W. Norcross. He is,
as I understand, in control of the management of the Merchants Mutual Line,
The Mutual Steamship Company, The Matthews Steamship Company, Jackes
& Company, Bickerdike, Limited, Collingwood Shipping Company,. Canadian
Lake & Ocean Navigation Company, and the Purdy boats. Now, J. W. Norcross
& Co. have written a letter addressed to j'ou which reads as follows: —

J. W. Norcross & Co.

Vessel Agents & Brokers,

8-10 Wellington St. E.,

Toronto, Jan. 31 1910.
Hon. Geo. C. Gibbons,

Chairman, Canadian Section,

International Waterwaj^s Commission.

Dear Sir, — We have had called to our attention the proposed plans of the St.
Lawrence Power Company, Ltd., and the Long Sault Development Company
for the development of hydro-electric power at the Long Sault rapids in the St.
Lawrence river. We have had these plans explained to us by the engineers and
understand that the proposed improvement does not in any way impair the
present efficiency of the Cornwall Canal and that in addition to the present
facilities which we now have the companies propose to furnish us an entirel}^
new channel with but one lock and that this channel will have 25 feet depth of
water and be 800 feet wide, the current not to exceed four miles an hour.

We are vitally interested in Canadian waterways and are operating the
largest fleet of vessels at present engaged in the transportation of package
freight from Montreal to Toronto and the West and the transportation of
grain and other freight from Western points to Montreal.

This new channel with one lock should save our vessels about three hours
on each passage up and do^vn as compared with passing through seven locks in
the present Cornwall Canal in good weather, but in the event of high winds and
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970 DEPARTilEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

very dark nights, it would enable the vessels bound from Montreal west without
cargo to navigate in an 800-ft. channel where they whould otherwise be forced to
tie up in the present Cornwall canal.

This new channel would give us a double channel through the territory
now served by the Cornwall canal and would renew almost entirely the possibilitj'
of the St. Lawrence being closed through accident to one of the present seven
locks in the Cornwall canal, which in 1908 tied up all traffic on the St. Lawrence
for about two weeks.

The development of power contemplated by these companies should locate
in the vicinity manufacturing plants which would tend to furnish business for
Canadian vessels.

In the last three paragraphs we have given some of our reasons for being in
favour of the proposed plan and wish to put ourselves on record as believing that
these improvements if successfully carried out are for the best interests of Cana-
dian vessels and Canadian commerce.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) J. W. NORCROSS & Co.

Mr. Smith: The date please?

Mr. McCarthy: January 31, 1910.

Mr. Hendehson : Written by Mr. Norcross?

Mr. McCarthy: I did not say so. I said it was written by J. W. Norcross
& Co. That is what it is signed by.

Mr. Henderson: Mr. Norcross was in England at that time.

Mr. McCarthy: I think he was in England. I think, Mr. Henderson, you
know Mr Norcross's views on this subject?

Mr. Henderson: No, I have had no conversation with him.

Mr. McCarthy: The other large freight interest is represented by Mr.
Plummer, President of the Lake Freight Association, who is present and will
speak for himself. I understand the freight companies which he represents
recognize that this proposed scheme -ndll be of very great benefit to them, and
that they are prepared to say so and to place themselves on record to that
effect.

Then, Sir, we have the Montreal and Cornwall Navigation Company which
has also addressed a memorial to your board, in which they saj': —

Tokonto, Ont., February 8, 1910.

To the Chairman and Members

of the International Waterways Commission.

Gentlemen, — We, the undersigned, The Montreal and Cornwall Navigation
Company, humbly present this petition to you, in regard to the scheme now
before j'ou, in connection wdth the damming of the Long Sault rapids.

We are the owners of several vessels plying on the St. Lawrence river
between Brockville and the City of Montreal. We have had an experience
extending over twenty years. Knowing the river as we do, we are firmly of the
belief that the proposed scheme will not in any. way injuriously affect the present
navigation of the St. Lawrence river, as we understand the Cornwall canal
will remain in exactly the same condition as it now is, while navigation, on the
other hand, will be enormously improved owing to the fact that if this scheme is

INTEENATIONAI/ WATERWAYS COMMISSION 971

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

carried through to completion, there will be a lock in the South Sault, which will
duplicate the means now afforded bj' the Cornwall canal for navigation past the
Long Sault rapids. We are also strongly of the opinion that the velocity of
the current in the Farran's Point and the Big Sny channels will be subsequently
lessened, and the dangerous side current now existing at the upper entrance to
the Cornwall canal will be destroyed. Duplicate navigation facilities past the
Long Sault will ensure shipping interests against delay due to the failure of, or
accident in, either the Cornwall, or the South Sault lock. Boats passing the Long
Sault will make a round trip in from four and one-half to seven hours less time
than at present, which will lessen the cost of transportation of freight from points
west of the Long Sault rapids to the City of Montreal.

After the proposed works are constructed, the velocity of the current on
the south side of Barnhart island will be very much decreased, and from the ex-
perience as we have had on the river opposite and above Cornwall, we know
that it will be feasible for boats to use the main channel on the north side of
Cornwall island, between Cornwall and the foot of Barnhart island.

We would say further, that in operating our boats between Montreal and
Brockville, we meet very much stronger and swifter currents than at Point
Moulin.

The freight which is carried both East and West on the St. Lawrence, passes
almost entirely through the Cornwall canal, there being no quantity of freight
carried through the rapids, consequently any scheme that will cause a saving of
hours to vessels passing the Long Sault rapids, must be a great benefit to naviga-
tion.

In view of the foregoing, we would say that we are heartily in accord with
the scheme, and consider that it will accrue to the benefit of all navigation inter-
ests on the St. La^v^ence river.

Respectfully submitted,

The Montreal & Cornwall Navigation

Company,
per (Sgd.) 'P. E. CAMPBELL'.

President and Managing Director.

Mr. McCarthy: I may say Mr. Campbell is here prepared to substantiate
what he says in this letter. Then, Sir, we have two other large interests in the
way of freighters, one of which is the George Hall Coal Company of Canada,
Limited, who writes to you as follows: —

Toronto, February 8, 1910.

To the Chairman and Members

of the International Waterways Commission.

Gentlemen, — The George Hall Coal Company of Canada, Ltd., operates
twelve vessels between Lake Ontario and Montreal, and maintains yards and
offices in the City of Montreal, in which it is a large taxpayer, having an
investment therein exceeding two hundred thousand dollars, and does a whole-
sale and retail coal business.

We have been familiar with the problems of navigation in the St. Lawrence
river for many years, and we have made a careful examination of the projected
plans in relation to the Long Sault.

From our inspection of these plans, and from our own knowledge of river
conditions, we see no objection to the project, as planned, affecting the general

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972 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WOIIKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

navigation of the river; on the contrary we consider that, offering as it does an
alternative route, it would be of very great advantage to all freight shippers in
case of an obstruction occurring from anj' cause in the Cornwall canal. We
believe that it would save about eight hours on each round trip that our boats
take between the Lake and Montreal by cutting out eleven lockages incident to
passage. .

Respectfully submitted,

The George Hall Coal Company of Canada, Ltd.,

per (Sgd.) W. C. KELLVEY,

Agent for the purpose.

Mr. McCarthy: Then there is the Ogdensburg Coal and Towing Co.,
who writes as follows : —

Ogdensburg, N.Y., February 8, 1910.

To the Chairman and Members

of the International Waterways Commission.

Gentlemen, — The Ogdensburg Coal and Towing Co. operate sixteen freight
boats in the St. Lawi-ence river between Lake Ontario and Montreal, and in
connection with our business we operate a large wholesale coal business into the
city of Montreal, and have a considerable investment in the city of Montreal,
and have been so engaged for a period of thirty years. We are further alliecl
with the Dah^ & Hannan Dredging Company, and have thus for many years
made a special studj^ of the channels and currents of the St. Lawrence river.

We have fully examined the proposed plan of the St. LawTence Power Co.,
Ltd., and are of the opinion that the proposed development will not only be no
detriment to the navigation of our boats, but will on the contrary constitute a
substantial improvement.

We are members of the Dominion Marine Association, and desire to go on
record as being in favour of this proposed development. The proposed develop-
ment will leave unimpaired the present route through the Cornwall canal, and
will give another route in the event of obstruction, repairing or enlarging of the
Cornwall canal.

Respectfully submitted.

The Ogdensburg Coal & Towing Co.

per (Sgd.) JOHN HANNAN,

President.

Mr. McCarthy: Now, I may say that the representative of the George
Hall Company and Mr. Hannan himself are here, prepared to substantiate what
they say in those letters. It was thought more convenient to put their views in
that form in order that we might save time and have lesser number of speakers.
Then I will read a letter signed by James Playfair, President of the Midland
Navigation Company, Ltd.: —

lyTERXAriOXM; WATKinVAYS COMMISSinX 973

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Midland, Ont., February 1, 1910.

Hon. Geo. C. Gibbons, Esq., K.(".,

Chairman, International Waterways Commission,
Toronto, Ont.

Re SOUTH SAULT CHANNEL.

Dear Sir, — I understand there is a meeting in Toronto on February 8, of
the different interests to discuss the power development at the Long Sault rapids.
In the past all our business has been on the upper lakes, but if certain negotia-
tions go through I expect to run some of our boats to Montreal. At present I
am unable to say what effect the development of the Long Sault Rapids would
have on navigation, but from what I can find out I do not think it would make
any difference to freight boats using the St. Lawrence. In fact, I think it would
be a benefit as one lock would be used as against seven at present. So this would
make a difference to a boat of six or seven hours on the round trip.

Anything that can be done to improve navigation between Port Colborne
and Montreal making it safer and quicker is in the interests of the vessel owner.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) JAS. PLAYFAIR.

Mr. McCarthy: I have thus given the views of the Norcross interests,,
the Ogdensburg Coal and Towing Company, the George Hall Coal Company,
the Cornwall and Montreal Transportation Company, and the jNIidland Naviga-
tion Company — if it makes this arrangement to run its freight boats to Montreal
— and taking it for granted that Mr. Plummer himself represents and also, as
I understand the MacKays of Hamilton and Mr. Jacques of JNIontreal, to have
practicallj' all the freight owners using that route, with the exception of my
friend Mr. Henderson's line. All of those freight owners, owners of vessels
carrying freight — I speak under my instructions — have looked into this scheme
and approved of it as a betterment to navigation; that is to say, providing
that the necessary safeguards are furnished, that the interests of the country
are protected and that the scheme as outlined by us is carried out. Now, as
to my friend Mr. Henderson, I don't quite know exactly Avhat his position is,
lie is here and will speak for himself. I have understood, however, that he is
of the opinion tliat if this work can be carried out as we suggested, undoubtedly
it would better the navigation facilities at that point; but he has some idea
that possibly the interests of Canada will not be fully protected. Well, as
to that, sir, I am content to leave it with you and the Government of this country
who are our protectors, and who no doubt will see that no contract is entered
into or franchise or right given wherein Canada's interests are not fully pro-
tected. As I say, practically the freight owners on the St. Lawrence route are
unanimous that this will better navigation facilities at this point. It is
obvious as I have said, that that must be so. We preserve for them
the only route they have now, and we offer them another one. Can
there be any answer, from the freight-owners standpoint? It seems to
me it must obviouslj' be so. Now, that being so, we have to deal with the Riche-
lieu and Ontario Navigation Company. True, it uses the rapids, and has used
them for a considerable length of time, that is to say, X)n its eastern trip; on
its west-bound trip it must, like all other boats, use the canal, so, if there be
deprivation there, it simply prevents one boat of that company per day for a

974 DEPARTUENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

period of three or four months from running these rapids, carrying their passen-
gers. We say that the giving of that lock will not delay them; that they can
make their time just as well by passing through that one lock as they can by
passing the rapids. In answer to their scenic objection we saj' we are not going
to deprive them of the ass6t they say they own in the shape of the Long Sault ;
we say we are going to give them something better to look at. You have the other
rapids do^vn the river which your tourists -n-ill see, and we are going to give
you a dam forty-feet high, with ten feet or so of water running over it, which
will be something to look at, and which tourists will come to look at. Now, that
is the navigation situation so far as users of that channel are concerned. Can
there be any answer to the statement that navigation will not be prejudicially
affected? You are getting two channels where you have but one; and I leave
it at that. Now, what are the further interests that may or may not be affected?
We understand that the Shipping Federation of Montreal and the Board of Trade
of Montreal are represented here. They have been heard before this Com-
mission previously. They have with one acclaim and one voice said that so
long as the level of the water at Montreal is not affected, that is as far as Mon-
treal and east of Montreal are concerned, that they have no interest. Now,
sir, I state as a fact that the engineers of the Government, after conferring with
our engineers, agree that the elevation of the water in the harbour of Montreal
will not be affected in any way whatsoever by these works; that in the event
of failure of these works Montreal would not be affected; that the level of the
water in Montreal harbour would not be affected. The Shipping Federation
of Montreal may rest assured of this fact, that the Government have from
the first, and the Waterwaj's Commission likewise from the first, have said
that the navigation interests are paramount; you must be certain you are not
going to interfere before this work can be permitted. There has not been one
title of evidence given that the level of the waters below these works will be
detrimentally affected by them — not one title, sir. So that I say to the Shipping
Federation of Montreal, the Harbour Commissioners of Montreal, the Board
of Trade of Montreal, that they will not be prejudiciallj^ or detrimentally
affected in any way whatsoever; that they will be benefited. If you want to
bring shipping to your port, if you want to bring business to j'our city by the
charmel of the St. LawTence from the West, the better facihties you have on it
the more business you are going to bring. There cannot be any answer to that.
Conceding, as I do concede, that navigation interests are paramount, how are
the Shipping Federation of Montreal, the Board of Trade of Montreal, or the
Harbour Commissioners of Montreal to be affected at all unless it be that these
works will affect the water there. If they do not affect the water, you cannot
have one word of complaint, but on the contrary you must have words of appro-
bation. The larger places that grow up continuous to Montreal and in that
locality must be a benefit to you. The development of this large power close
to Montreal must be a benefit to Montreal. It may not be to the Montreal
Light Heat & Power Company; I don't know as to that; but as to the Montreal
people and their interests, if you want large manufacturing localities close to
you, here is one means of getting them. We do not ask them if they are going
to prejudice navigation interests; we do not ask it if navigation interests are
not paramount, we all admit and we concede that they are; but we say to you
that not only do we not detrimentallj- affect navigation, but we vastly improve
it, and will make the trade and commerce of your city more than it is to-day,
because the facilities M-ill be better. A deep-draught boat can go through this
lock of ours, whereas it cannot go through the present Cornwall canal. There
is an agitation on at present to deepen the Welland canal, to spend the country's
money in deepening that. If that is going to be deepened in order to let vessels
of large draught come to the City of Montreal, how much benefit will this pro-
posed improvement be to you? Do you realize the benefit to you of having

lyTERXATlONAD WATERWAYS OOMMISSIOy 975

SESSIONAL PAPER No. V9a

your vessels go through one lock, thus savmg the deepening of the Cornwall
canal to make it equal to the Welland canal? Now, I cannot say more to these
gentlemen who represent the different interests of the City of Montreal. I do
say that the Goverment engineers have found that the elevation of the water
at Montreal will not be affected by these proposed works; that the water in
the channel east of Montreal or west of Montreal up to our works or beyond
our works will not be detrimentally affected. Now, what are the other interests?
We have in the province of Ontario a large development of power in western
Ontario. The evidence of it is seen if anybody cares to travel through it. Manu-
factories are growing up there. Where there was, in a measure, stagnation,
there is now a development of manufacturing industries. Eastern Ontario
has been robbed by western Ontario, because western Ontario has got power
and eastern Ontario has not got power. I say that the people along the Long Sault
locality — Brockville, Cornwall, Morrisburg and all those places — will be benefited
as the Niagara Peninsula has been benefited by the development of this power.
The people of Brockville recognize it. They are here to-day some 20 or 25
strong, the most reputable and influential citizens. The people of Cornwall
are here today, represented by my friend Mr. Pringle and Mr. Campbell, asking
and insisting that this work be allowed in order that they may have power at
their door which is equivalent, as I said, to opening a coal-mine at their door.
Now, what is the reason that this should not be granted? There does not seem
to me to be one reasonable answer made to the situation that these two companies
should be permitted to unite their efforts to develop power at this point. If
it is demonstrated that navigation is interfered with prejudicially it is granted
that under the ruling of this Commission and the ruling of the Government
this work cannot be permitted. But in the absence of that, is there one title
of evidence, is there one reasonable argument suggested, that these works should
not be allowed to progress and this power developed for the good of the people
of eastern Ontario? It is said that we should be alive at this moment to the
conservation of national resources. Grant that we should; how do you conserve
a water-power? By letting it run to waste for ever and anon? You conserve
timber by keeping it standing; you conserve coal mines by keeping them from
being wastefully operated; but how do j-ou conserve a water-power? In only
one way that I can suggest, and that is, by the utilization of it. If you have
water running to waste you are not conserving it by letting it go on running
to waste for ever. Surely it behooves a progressive man, a man who desires
to build up his country, to utilize that which God has given him in the shape
of water-power; and utilization is the only method of conservation that I know
of — and that is what we want to do at this particular point. Don't imagine,
Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, that we for one moment desire to do this for
nothing. We are prepared to negotiate, we are prepared to deal with the people
that own this place. We are prepared to arrange upon what would be a fair
and equitable basis to deal with anybody in respect of this power. Now, there
has been a great deal of clamour lest you in the discharge of your duty, and the
Prime Minister and his Ministers in the discharge of their duty, would allow a
lot of rapacious Americans to come over to Canada and carry away, holus bolus,
all we have got. Never has such proposition been submitted; never for a
moment. There has been a fair deal, a fair negotiation. All we ask, and all
we want is a fair and reasonable and equitable division of the power developed
at this point bj' the two companies. Now, sir, if I could say anything more
that would make this fair and reasonable proposition I would be pleased to
do so; but I have sought to answer all I have heard, all that is in the air, all
that has been .said, because it is not founded on reason; it is attempted to be
founded upon prejudice. The sentiment of Canadians has been appealed to.
It has been said. 'You are robbing me, a Canadian, of my heritage." Well,
we of Canada have a heritage, true, and we are proud of it; but if we have a

976 DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19.13

heritage that we are proud of, how much more pride can we have in that heritage
if we use it and develop it and build up cities and manufacturing industries?
But, as the Chairman said when he spoke two or three j-ears ago, is this a heritage
that belongs entirely to Canada and to Canadians? From Ogdensburg to
below Cornwall on the south bank of the St. LawTence river is the American
nation and the American country. The international boundary at those points
is much closer to the Canadian shore than to the American shore. But let us
assure an even division all along that long distance; is not the St. Lawrence
river at those points the common heritage of the two nations? There is no
right, as the Chairman says, in the water; there is a right of user; and all we
ask on behalf of these two companies is to be permitted to use these waters for
the development of both countries, for the benefit of the Canadian people and
the American people; to build up American people; to build up American inter-
ests, to build up Canadian industries. Now, sir, I would ask you to hear IMr.
Rickej', who will simply outline technically the scheme of these two companies.

Chairman Gibbons : As the Commission has never had any of those letters,
or heard of them, I think they should be filed.

Mr. McCarthy: Certainly, Sir, I intend to file them, — Mr. McCarthy
then handed to the Secretary of the Commission the letters and memorial
which he had read. — A large map having been placed on the wall.

J. W. Rickey, Engineer for the St. Lawrence Power Companj' and the Long
Sault Development Company, said: 3,Ir. Chairman, Members of the Com-
mission, and Gentlemen: I show on the map here the general outline of the plan
proposed for developing the power of the Long Sault rapids. Tliis plan is
somewhat like that which was- shown you about two years ago, particularly
those parts that lie south of the international boundary line, which I will trace
out with my pointer. (Tracing boundarj- line) South of that line the works
as outlined to you two j'ears ago are the same. North of that line they have
been changed. The plan now proposed contemplates maintaining absolutely
the integrity of the Cornwall Canal. As Mr. ]McCarthj- put it, it will not be
interfered mth in any way, no matter what happens to these works. Assume
for the sake of argument that the dam should wash out, the Cornwall canal will
not be interfered with at all. I ^^^sh to make that point very clear. Most of
you are probably somewhat familiar with the location of these islands. (Point-
ing out Long Sault island, Barnhart island, Sheek island). The Cornwall canal
lies on the north side of Sheek island. This is the single lift-lock to which Mr.
McCarthy referred when he said the boats would save from four to seven hours
time on each round trip and avoid eleven lockages, there being required two
lockages for each round trip in going through the South Sault lock, whereas
there are thirteen now reciuired in 'going through Cornwall canal and Farran's
Point canal. If these works are completed a dam will be built from the foot
of Long Sault island to the head of Barnhart island. This is merely a diversion
dam to deflect the water from the site of the present rapids down to the foot of
Barnhart island, v.here the powerhouses will be built. The channel between
Barnhart island and Sheek island, known as Little river channel, will be
deepened and \\-idened; the ultimate width will be about a thousand feet. At
the foot of Barnhart island will be built a dam, between the American shore,
which is on the island, and the Canadian shore; and adjoining this dam will be
built a powerhouse opposite Lock 20. A canal will be excavated across the foot
of Barnhart island, and one, or possibly two powerhouses, will be built at this
point. I call particularly to your attention that we are following absolutely
the fundamental principles of natural conservation of nature's resources in that
at the inception of this plan we have provided for ultimately developing all of
the power that is available at this point. Probably — almost inevitably — we

977

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Long Sault Development Co, and St. Lawrence Power Co., Limited. Drawing No. E.-138-X. December 28th, 1908. Drawn by J. W. L. Traced by J. W. L. Scale. r = 500'

Map oH.e St. Lawrence river 3.o.n^o.«05^^jj^^

IXTERNATIOXAL' WArERWAYS C0.1/.¥/S,S'/0.Y 977

SESSIONAL PAPER No. Wa

will all be dead then, for it is a long time in the future, but our grand children
will be able to see the day when all the power available at this point can be
developed.

Chairman Gibbons: How much horse-power?

Mr. Rickey: There is approximately 600,000 horsepower available at
this point, and for that reason I say one, or possibly two powerhouses to be
built at the foot of Barnhart island. Little River channel will be used, under
the amended plan, really as a power canal; under the former plan it was to be
used as a ship canal. That, briefly, gives a general description of the plan.
Now let us see what results will follow. The South Sault chaniiel will be widened
to about 600 feet in width. There should be a minimum depth of twenty to
twenty-five feet of water throughout the entire length of this channel. Boats
coming down the river, instead of passing on the north side of Croll island, will
pass to the south of it and across to the site of the present Dodger's shoal,
which will be removed to a depth of 30 feet, and then coming down this channel.
It is not a canal; it will be a river channel 600 feet wide, and boats will come
down that channel, pass through a single lock, and down t'hroug'h the river.
You may say that the current is too swift on the south side of Barnhart island
for the boats to come up the channel. That is not the case. Ninety-five per
cent of the total volume of water in the river, having passed through the rapids
and through the South Sault channel, passes on the south side of Barnhart island
inthe main channel. The upper dam between the foot of Long Sault island and
the head of Barnhart island and the lower dam, having about the same length, will
discharge approximately equal quantities of water; consequently we divert half
of the water that now flows past the point indicated by my pointer through
Little River channel, and as the water on the south side of Barnhart island is
now approximately 60 feet deep — 40 feet deep the entire length of the island —
the depth will be decreased very little, and hence the velocity will be cut in
two. In other words, where there is now an 8-mile current on the south side
of Barnhart island there will be only a 4-mile current, and all boats of every
kind on the river can go against a 4-mile current with their tows; otherwise
they can't get up the river at all.

Mr. Hutcheson: What is the present width and depth of the South Sault?

Mr. Rickey: That is pretty hard to answer, because sometimes it is only
seven or eight feet deep at Dodger's shoal. It is about a thousand feet wide
at that point. There are other places where it is a thousand feet wide and
forty or fifty feet deep. What we will provide at the South Sault channel is
a canal 600 feet wide with a minimum depth of at least 25 feet. When these dams
are built the water opposite Lock 21 will be raised about 2 % feet. The average
depth of the river at this point is about 25 feet. In other words, we will only
increase the depth of the water about 10,-V- We will reduce the velocity of
the current in inverse ratio, or about 10%. There is, however, at the entrance
to the Cornwall canal a dangerous side draught, so that the tows coming down
stream meet boats coming up stream at the entrance to the canal, those going
down stream have a dangerous passage there, and to the extent that we raise
the water at this point, so will we decrease that side-draught and improve navi-
gation. Another point that is of vital interest : j ust above Lock 20 there is a
difference of 35 feet head between the level of the water in the canal and the
present river level, indicated by my pointer. When the dams are built and the
water is raised to the same level at the head of Sheek Island as now exists in
the Cornwall canal, north of Sheek island, likewise we will have the same cor-
responding level just south of the Guard-Lock in the Cornwall Canal. All
danger of wash-out of the banks of the Cornwall canal between Locks 20 and 21

978 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORCiE v., A. 1913

will be forever removed, and that is a very important point. There was a
wash-out some years ago at this point. I can show you a place in the Cornwall
canal where the bank is so soft that you can poke a stick down in it five or .six feet
without pressing very hard. There is another place where there is a leak in the
bank of the canal just below Lock 20, and a barrel has been set in the bank,
and that is where the cows get their daily drink. I think in general that the
rivers —

Chairman Gibbons: Tell us approximately how much power would be
developed by the Canadian company, and how much by the American company.

Mr. Rickey: I call to your particular attention the relative location of
the Cornwall canal at this point, and the international boundary line — this
broken line indicated by my pointer — • and how this boundary line lies within
500 feet of the Cornwall canal at this point. We propose building as large a
power house in Canada as can be built, and that powerhouse will have about
100,000 h.p. capacity. In order to do that we excavate a very high knoll at the
north easterly end of Barnhart, cutting back some 800 feet from the shores in
order to give passage-way for the water coming over at that point. Answering
your cjuestion directly, then, this powerhouse, which will be as large as we can
make it, vnl\ have about 100,000 h.p. capacity.

Chairman Gibbons: Then the amount of the development on the American
.side will in the end be about six times as great; is that the position?

Mr. Rickey: About five times as great.

Chairman Gibbons : So that if we are to have an equal division of the power
some special arrangement will have to be made whereby Canada will share in
the distribution of the power on the American side?

Mr. Rickey: Yes sir, and that is caused solely by the relative location of
the international boundary line which of course cannot be shifted, and the Corn-
wall Canal which we cannot interfere with.

Commissioner Stewart: Would it be possible to put the dam in any other
place, so that the power could be more evenly distributed?

Mr. Rickey : I have made quite a number of studies and spent considerable
time on that, and have been miable to devise any location that is better than this,
that will accompHsh the purpose that you just mentioned.

Chairman Gibbons: What about damming at Cornwall Island lower down?
By putting the dam there, it it were feasible, there could be about an equal dis-
tribution on both sides, could there not?

Mr. Rickey: Yes sir, but there is no ledge there; there is no foundation for
dams. When the Cornwall bridge pier washed out two years ago they made
borings there to locate a new pier, and I think they went down something like
75 feet below water without striking ledge. I omitted to mention that all these
structures — the power house as well as gates, retaining wall, and everything —
will rest on a solid limestone ledge. There is no soft foundation anywhere. We
have spent a great deal of money to determine the location of those ledges.

Commissioner Clinton : Does the location of the power house on the Amer-
ican side of the boundary-line or the Canadian side of the boundary-line have the
slightest effect on the distribution of the power between the two countries?

Mr Rickey: Not that I can see.

lyTERNATlONAL WATERWAYS COMillSSlOy 979

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1'9a

Chairman Gibbons: There is a point there that might be borne in mind; it
is one of the matters that will have to be taken care of if the principle of the
Commission is carried out — and I answer it now because it has to be considered
by the promoters of this scheme if it is carried out. Each country has the right,
without an absolute arrangement, to prohibit the export of power; and if these
powerhouses are on the American side there is no power in Canada that can
compel them to distribute power in this country. There would have to be some
special arrangement if the princip'e of equal division is to be carried out in this
place.

Commissioner Clinton : Allow me to correct you. In the United States we
cannot impose export duties.

Chairman GIbbons: I am very glad to hear it. I had overlooked that.
We have that power.

Mr. McCarthy: We have exercised it, too.

Chairman Gibbons: You may acquire it in the long hereafter. I think it
is just as well to provide for it.

Mr. HiLLiARD : I would like to ask Mr. Rickey the fall from the new lock to
Cornwall in the south channel.

Mr. Rickey: About 18 feet total.

Mr. Hilliard: How can you slow the water, even if you divert some of it,
in an 18-ft. fall?

Mr. Rickey : I understood you to mean as it is to-day. Do you mean under
future condition?

Mr. Hilliard: Yes.

Mr. Rickey: If you let me get to my charts I can tell you that exactly.
(After consulting charts). It would be 11 feet.

Mr. Hilliard: Anybody who knows anything about drainage would know
that that is a tremendous fall, so that that point of decreasing the current one-
half in the south Sault is certainly controversial.

Mr. Rickey: Yes sir, but you must understand the hydraulics of the St.
Lawrence river. There are places, for instance through Farran's Point channel,
where there is a fall of four feet in a distance of a mile, and the boats go right
through it. Here is distance of nearly twelve miles.

Mr. Hilliard: Not twelve miles from there to Cornwall?

Mr. Rickey: There is something like three and a half down to the foot of
Barnhart's, and from the foot of Barnhart's to Cornwall at the lower dock is,
I would say 4J^ miles.

Mr. Hilliard: The answer to that is this, that in Farran's Point they take
the cross-current. Anybody rowing on the river does that. What we say is
that that is one of the controversial points, especially looking at the crookedness
of the. channel.

Mr. Rickey : If we get to discussing back-water and velocity and everything
we are not going to get anywhere in this meeting. I have all my computations
and data, which I will be only too glad to give to the Commission.

Mr. Rucker: What is the speed of the current between Cornwall island and
Cornwall? Have you that determination?

Mr. Rickey: The average velocity from a point opposite the middle of
Pelly's Gut to the point opposite the west boundary of Cornwall is 3 7-lOths
miles per hour. The average velocity from a point west of the boundary of

980 DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Cornwall to a point opposite Lock 15 is 4 18-lOOths miles per hour. These
points were determined by allomng a boat to drift down the stream on a calm
day, and noting farm houses, bridges, and other prominent points, and plotting
them on a map, and computing the distances and the time against the rate.

Mr. Lafleur: When were those computations made that you have in your
hand?

Mr. Rickey: I cannot give j^ou the exact date without refering to my notes.
It was about September, 1907, when that drifting test was made.

Mr. Lafleur: Were those accepted at any of the meetings of the Inter-
national Waterways Commission?

Mr. Rickey: I caimot answer that. I don't remember.

Mr. Lafleur: As far as I am instructed, the onlj' thing that was shown was
the blue print which is on the table there.

Mr. Rickey: I referred to that blue-print to refresh my memoiy. We
have spoken about the velocities of those currents and threshed that matter all
over.

Mr. Lafleur: You said the only new feature in your present project was
that you were conserving the Cornwall canal. I under.stood you to say that
that is the new feature in the project as at present submitted.

Mr. Rickey- : I did not want to take the time of the meeting to-day to explain
where this plan differs from the original plan, so I just said briefly that south of
the boundar\--line the plan was the same.

Mr. Lafleur: Does it differ materially from the old project, apart from the
conservation of the Cornwall canal?

Mr. Rickey: Oh yes.

Mr. Lafleur: In many respects?

Mr. Rickey: Not in many respects. The location of the Canadian power-
house is just as it was before. I can indicate, if you wish, just where the changes
are. Perhaps I will do that; it will only take a moment. Under our original
plan. Little River channel was enlarged just as it is here. Then we asked per-
mission to cut out the dam at the west end of Sheek island — to cut out the dam
at the east end of Sheek island — and to build a lock between the Cornwall canal
and the Little River canal, so called, each at a point about one mile west of Lock
20. Other than that, this plan is the same.

Mr. Lafleur: The old project that you have just been describing was aban-
doned a long time ago?

Mr. Rickey: That was abandoned, yes, quite a considerable —

Mr. Lafleur: It was abandoned when the Commission held its sitting in
Toronto in November. 1908?

Mr. McCarthy: No, it was not.

Mr. Lafleur: I see that Mr. McCarthy stated there that there would be
two methods of going up and down the river; the boats would use the Cornwall
canal as well as the South Branch — just the same as you are proposing now.

Mr. McCarthy: That is identical.

Mr. Rickey: That is what I say now; you can always use the Cornwall
canal just as you do now; you can also use the South Sault under the proposed
plan; giving two alternate routes, so that no matter what happens to the Cornwall
canal the navigation of the St. Lawrence will not be interfered with.

ixrh'RXATiDX \i. wiTfiinvAYs couMrssinx 981

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1*93

Mr. Lafleur: You recollect that at that meeting in November, 1908, you
undertook to prepare further plans and data?

Mr. Rickey: Yes, sir.

Mr. Lafleur: Did you prepare them?

Mr. Rickey: Yes, sir.

Mr. Lafleur: And did you furnish them to any of the interested parties?

Mr. Rickey: Yes.

Mr. Lafleur: Will you tell me what you furnished?

Mr. Rickey: I furnished a general outline plan such as this.

Mr. Lafleur: Could any engineer criticise that plan?

Mr. Rickey: A competent engineer can.

Mr. Lafleur: You think that from that plan — which is, I suppose, just an
enlargement of the blue-print — anj' engineer could say whether these works
were feasible and were likely to interfere with navigation?

I\Ir. Rickey: Any engineer who knows the site can take that plan and say
whether or not it is feasible.

Mr. Lafleur: How was that plan made? Was it made by surveys on
the ground?

Mr. Rickey: Yes.

Mr. Lafleur: Is that your plan?

Mr. Rickey: Yes.

Mr. Lafleur: And is that the same as the blue-print that has been handed
to us?

Mr. Rickey: Exactly. It is off the same negative.

Mr. Lafleur: You say from that plan or the blue-print any competent engineer
could make up his mind as to the feasibility of the scheme, and as to interference
with navigation?

Mr. Rickey: Knowing the characterictics of the site, mind you.

Mr. Lafleur: Then the characteristics of the site are not indicated on the
plan?

Mr. Rickey: You have to have a general knowledge of the location.

Mr. Lafleur: Are the currents shown on that plan?

Mr. Rickey: No.

Mr. Lafleur: Or on the blue-print?

Mr. Rickey: No.

Mr. Lafleur: Are the heights shown?

Mr. Rickey: No.

Mr. Lafleur: Will you saj' that without knowing these features a com-
petent engineer can make up his mind cither as to the feasibility of the scheme
or as to its interference with navigation? He would have to know those features;
he would not get them from your plan or from any material that you furnished?

Mr. Rickey: What we submitted was the general plan showing the pro-
posed arrangement, and that is what you see on the walls here.

982 DEPASTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19,13

Mr. Lafleur: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Waterways Commission,
I may say that I appear on behalf of the Board of Trade in Montreal, and I
^\ill have the honour at a later stage of the proceedings of submittting to you
our view on the subject. I may say incidentally that I do not represent any
private interests, and that we have endeavoured to look at this matter in a dis-
passionate way, and as broadly as possible, but that so far we have been hampered
by the lack of sufficient information as has been furnished us. I am instructed
that that information is wholly inadequate to enable them to make up their
minds either as to the practicability of the scheme in the crude form in which
it is presented, or as to the possible dangers to navigation, and as to the results
in the way of flooding the lands, etc. While my friend Mr. McCarthy imagines
that we are merely concerned with the level of the water at Montreal, I must
remind you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, that we take a wider view of our
duties and responsibilities. We think that the welfare of Canada is the welfare
of Montreal, and that anything that interferes with the navigation above us
as well as below Montreal is of the highest interest to our citizens, as it is to the
country at large. Therefore we are apprehensive that, for lack of information
which has been asked for again and again and as we think has never been fur-
nished—

Mr. McCarthy: What do j'ou mean by 'again and again"?

Chairman Gibbon.s: I should like that General Ernst, the engineer of our
Commission, would be present when these criticisms are made. I like yourself,
am a lawyer. I understand that all this is subject to the approval of the Govern-
ment engineers of both countries; that this Commission will not attempt to
deal at present, and is not dealing at all, with any particular plan. I quite
see your point, that whether any plan is feasible may depend upon some of those
questions that you have asked. That matter has been considered by the engi-
neers connected with our Commission, but the details and the working out of
the condition are all subsequent matters entirely. The first question is: Is
it permissible at all, under these conditions, to make this development? The
general question is now being dealt with. Certainly the engineers of both Gov-
ernments will have to consent and approve, and possibly this Commission will
approve of any plan and details.

Mr. Lafleur: I quite appreciate what has just fallen from you Mr.
Chairman, but it does seem to me — and I am so instructed by competent engi-
neers— that the details are of the verj^ essence of the matter; that you cannot
say whether or not the proposed scheme is going to interfere with navigation,
or is going to injuriouslj' affect the property situated above the proposed develop-
ment, unless you have a detailed plan giving the praticulars that are necessary
in order to arrive at a conclusion. It does not seem to me to be merely a matter
of detail to be settle afterwards. It seems to me to be of vital importance to
settle the project. I am not alone in this view. I have consulted with various
interests who are more or less opposed to this scheme, and I understand that we
are unanimous in feeling that up to this time we have not got the information
that is necessary to enable us to offer any written criticism on the plan. You
recollect that mj- friend ^Ir. McCarthy said a moment ago that no engineer
has been heard of who makes the slightest objection to the feasibility of the
scheme, or who pretends that navigation is going to be interfered with. Well,
how can an engineer do that until we have got the information we are now
seeking? And I would like to draw your attention to what passed at the last
meeting, where that very reciuest was made, and where an understanding was
arrived at that this data should be furnished; and we have been waiting ever
since for this data. And I take the liberty, if I am not occupying too much
time, to refer to pages 42 and 4.3 of those proceedings, where ^Ir. Rickey admitted
that he had not the particulars.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 9B3

SESSIONAL PAPER No. r9a

At this juncture, 4.15 p.m., General Ernst and Professor Haskell arrived
and took their seats.

Chairman Gibbons: Now that we are all here, I will have a chance to talk
to General Ernst in relation to the matter you speak of, Mr. Lafleur. The gentle-
men who were at Montreal will bear with me that I was very strong in pressing
the suggestion that the boards interested appoint engineers; and I at that time
obtained the consent of the Government to pay the expense of any such experts
out of the public funds. That offer was not availed of, perhaps for perfectly
good reasons; but now that we are here I think we had better let the discussion
go on. I think it would be very unfortunate to block the proceedings at this
time. I think it would be better to go on and hear what the people have to say
in regard to this proposition.

Mr. Lafleuk: I agree with what you say, Mr. Chairman, I am not alone
with this view. The Toronto Board of Trade are in the same position as we
are. They are quite desirous of giving a dispassionate consideration, in the
interests of the public purely but they have been quite unable, from the material
so far supplied, to arrive at any conclusion. I think the President of the Toronto
Board of Trade, who is here, will accord with what I say — that we have been
experiencing serious difficult.y in consequence of the present condition of the
project, which does not seem to me, as far as I can judge from the remarks,
to have advanced one step since the meeting of November, 1908. I have read
what passed at that meeting, what was undertaken to be furnished, and I say
that nothing of that kind appears to have been done.

Mr. McCarthy: That is not correct.

Chairman Gibbons: That is just not true in this sense: They have in the
meantime supplied to the engineers of the Government the three leading engineers,
these plans. They have reported to the Government in regard to that. It
is perfectly true that as far as this Commission is concerned we have heard
nothing of it for some time. The matter was sought to be brought up at Buffalo,
and was adjourned here; but all these matters will be dealt with, I think, by my
friend General Ernst much more ably than Mr. Clinton and myself — for he is
also a lawyer — will be able to deal with them. I think if we would hear the
gentlemen who are present, deal with the general proposition in the meantime,
it would be more satisfactory.

Mr. King: In deference, Mr. Chairman, to what has fallen from j-our
lips, I think I ought to keep my seat; but in order that my clients may enjoy
what is said, I ought to say a word. General Ernst will probably be able to
bear out what I saj' in regard to the understanding at the meeting in the King
Edward Hotel, in 1908. At that time we were in the identical position that we
occupy to-day wth the one exception, so far as I can gather in the last fifteen
months, that the second canal, that is now to run north of Sheek island, was
to be diverted into the Little River on the Canadian side. At that time it was
very clearly understood over the table, and it is on the record, that plans and
details of the fullest nature were to be laid before us so that we could avoid this
discussion which the Chair is now anxious to avoid; and until this date we have
not one data of information that gives us what we wanted. We had that plan,
and I had a little pamphlet with some letter-press in it which did not even tell
me whether the Farran's Point canal was to be obliterated or was to remain.
I think we may be quite satisfied on all hands if we treat the present meeting
as one for the purpose of eliciting that information. Then if so, let me refer

984 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

to something said by Mr. Rickej- a minute ago. The question was asked as
to whether or not the current or the depth at any certain point would be altered,
and he said it was very unfortunate if a discussion would go on at this stage. Now,
it should either go on the record or we should be supplied with that information
so that we could make our case for or against. With reference to Mr. McCarthy,
I think he misunderstood our position to some extent. It is information that
we are seeking. We are not all dead-set against this thing. There are freight
interests that might think it was a good thing; but we want information, and
if this meeting could adjourn for the purpose of getting the information and then
could decide, it would be well.

Mr. Watson: I wish to join with Mr. Lafleur in the view he has expressed.
I understand — if I am not quite accurate you can correct me, no doubt— that
the object of this meeting is to enable your Commission to inquire and to report
to the Governor in Council as to the feasibility of this commercial project in the
proposition to dam the waters of the river.

Chairman Gibbons: Not in detail.

Mr. Watson: Well, the feasibilitj- of the proposal and we are kindly
invited by you to attend and to state our views. Of course the feasibility or non-
feasibiliy of it depends very largely, in fact almost entirely, upon the proposal
itself, and without the particulars and details of that it is very difficult for us to
do justice to our clients or to ourselves in endeavouring to state an answer. You,
Mr. Chairman, know that in Court procedure we require, particularly in answer,
that the full case of the other side should be stated before we are called upon to
answer. Now, is it not so that in this matter, which is one of very great import-
ance, vital importance to many interests, we should be fully seized of all the facts
and details to enable us faithfully and properly to present an answer which may be
of advantage to you and to your Board in reaching a conclusion? I would, there-
fore, respectfully submit to you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, that the further
consideration of the matter should be postponed until those details are presented
to us, and we have had an opportunity of examining them, and having the
advantage and benefit of engineering skill, so that we may present the circumr
stances and facts to you in a proper and intelligible way.

Mr. Smith, K. C: I take it, Mr. Chairman, that we are invited here in
order to represent fully to you the various interests that are probably affected
by this scheme. Now, if we are not furnished the information which in the
most formal manner was promised to be furnished, I saj' it is quite impossible
for any interest to state its position before this Board.

Mr. McCarthy: What interest do you represent?

Mr. Smith: I represent specially the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co.
Mr. John Kennedy is an engineer who as had, I venture to say, more experience
as to the action of moving water and as to the action of ice, than any other;
and Mr. John Kennedy this very day informed me that no engineer lives who
could form any opinion whatever or give any rational statement of his position
upon the information that is furnished up to this date. Mr. Kennedy is in the
room.

Hon. Adam Beck: Mr. Chairman, representing the province of Ontario
we find ourselves in a position very similar to that of the gentlemen who have
addressed you. We have to-day no detail or description of any kind that will
enable our engineers to look into the matter as to Ihe effect this project will
have on the shores of the province of Ontario. You were kind enough to give me a
map, I presume a copy of the blue-print before us, and one other, and some
description of the undertaking, which I submitted to the engineers of the Hydro-

INTERNATIONAD WATERWAYS COMMISSION 985

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Electric Commission. They reported that they were unable, with the inform-
ation at hand, to give any definite statement of what it would mean to the
province. Of course the province has other contentious questions to bring
before you. We object seriously from a provincial standpoint; in fact we have
not been considered, Mr. Chairman, though I believe the state of New York was
considered by the United States Government. We have not had that opportun-
ity of looking into the matter whatever ; therefore I wish, without any intention
of delaying or blocking the meeting in any way, to make this statemen^t on behalf
of the province.

Mr. HiLLiARD : I wish to state that I hold a brief for the Ontario Govern-
ment on those contentious questions. I do not know that it is opportune to
discuss them now, but I wish before the session closes to have an opportunity of
entering the protest of the province in relation to what Mr. Beck has hinted at.

Mr. Cumberland: On behalf of the City of Toronto I would say that the
Board of Trade, representing not simply the City of Toronto but a large member-
ship from all parts of the province — from Chatham, Walkerville, London,
Woodstock, Guelph, Hamilton, Brockville and other points — desire to join in
the protest which has already been placed before you. In 1907 the Board
asked for the fullest consideration, and expected to have the plan submitted to
them. Upon receiving the notice of this meeting a request was made to your
Board for the submission of those plans.

Chairman Gibbons: I never heard of it.

Mr. Cumberland: The reply was that plans might be obtained from the
promoters, but in all probability not in time for this meeting. But prac-
tically in the meantime nothing had been done; it was the same old pro-
position which would be again brought up. I submit, sir, on behalf of the Board
of Trade, that we should have had those plans in order that we might give
the matter full consideration. I also submit that we have learned to day that
while the Commission may have been resting, the promoters have been active;
and we further learn — which I think is news to us all — that the promoters have
been in communication with the Government engineers. If I read the records
of the past at all, it was understood by all parties that the fullest information
should be given to them, and that if there were any engineering questions they
should have the fullest opportunity of entering into it themselves. I beg respect-
uUy, sir, to make my protest. I would say that if there are any —

Chairman Gibbons : The right to be heard on questions that might be taken
up afterwards, is reserved.

Mr. Hutcheson: May we not deal with the expediency of this question,
on the assumption that it is a feasible one? I quite admit that the detail is to a
certain degree interwoven with the question of expediency; but if I were conduc-
ting a case in court and were given an opportunity of having an engineer examine
the ground and test the matter by surveys, levels, measurements, tests of current,
velocity, and everything of that sort, not at my own expense but at the expense
of the Government, and failed during a period of more than a year to avail
myself of that opportunity, I should think I would come to court with a very
lame case if I should again ask a postponement for lack of information.

Mr. King: That was on a different set of plans.

Chairman Gibbons : At the meeting in Buffalo I raised this question myself,
that in the absence of details it was impossible to finally decide this matter.
The other members of the Commission thought that as the matter was coming
before Congress, and had to be dealt with there on the general principle, all
that was asked of the Commission was whether there was any objection to the
19a— 67

986 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Bill in Congress. That Bill only provides for the erection of these dams subject
to the approval of the Government of the Dominion of Canada and also subject
to the approval of the Secretary of War for the United States. It was urged
upon me by my confreres, and I think rightly, that there was no reason why
this general question should not be disposed of. The desire was that we should
have acted at Buffalo. I object to any action at all until we have had time to hear
the general objections to the scheme. Now, the Act introduced into Congress
makes special provision that nothing is to be done without the consent of the
Dominion of Canada; and the Bill as amended by Congress, if our Commission
report at all favourably to the project, will not only make provision that these
plans should be approved of by the two Governments, but will make provision
also for carrj'ing out the principle which we have enunciated, of protecting Can-
adian interests, the interests of both countries, with an equal division of this
power. We have had to-day general statements; my learned friends have
spoken as if the}' could not give any decision because they did not have inform-
ation; we have had numerous resolutions passed by people who had reasons we
supposed, for passing them, and we had hoped that they would come here and
give us those reasons. They did come to conclusions. I certainly did not know
that anybody had asked for plans. It is the first I hear of it. I think everj--
body who attended the meeting in ^Montreal will agree that I personally made
every effort that an engineer should be appointed, and that the strictest inquiry
should be made into this matter. There has been no attempt by any member
of this Commission to rush things. At the meeting in Buffalo my confreres
thought we ought to decide the preliminary matter whether under certain
conditions, and only under certain conditions, this work should go on. Now,
I think it would be very foolish, having come to this meeting with all these
people, if we could not thresh out these generalities now, and I can a.ssure you
that j'ou need not be the slightest bit afraid that anj'body will consent to go on
with this work until the details are full}' looked into and the work is approved of,
as it must be approved of by the two governments, at Washington and at Ottawa,
and possibly also by this Commission if these two Governments refer to us to
approve of these details. Now, I think we can go on with our general discussion,
and I think you can leave these details to be looked after by those on whom the
obligation rests.

F. W. Meredith: Acting for the Shipping Federation of Canada it appears
to us that at present we have a certain amount of information about this scheme.
We have made up our minds from the information that we have, but we have
not got the whole information. Now, I do not think it ■\\-ise for anybody to be
asked to give an opinion unless he has the whole information. You have been
good enough to ask different corporations, among them the one for whom I act,
to give expression to their feelings. Now, we learn to-day that we have not all
the information about this scheme, but that, on the contrary, apparently the
onlj' people who have got it are the Government engineers, who are no doubt
very capable people. But, it seems to me that in order to understand this
thing properly we ought to have it put before us with the same information as
the Government engineers have been put in possession of, in order that we may
intelligibly give our views oh the situation as it is to-day. (Hear hear). It
seems to me to be absolutelj- useless for people to be called here and asked to
give their views, and not to be told the whole thing. It is like giving an opmion
on a half-stated case and in fact that is what it is; and I submit that those plans'
that have been submitted to the Government engineers should have been sub-
mitted to the parties interested. That was understood a year ago in the King
Edward Hotel, and has not been done. What the Shipping Federation are
looking for is the whole scheme in order that they may intelligently ascertain
from people who understand these matters whether the scheme is on the whole

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 987

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

going to be for the benefit of Canada in so far as navigation is concerned ; not for
any local part, but for the whole of Canada.

Mr. Hilliard: As the position of the province of Ontario takes goes to
the root of the whole matter in so far as constitutional questions are concerned,
and not on any question of detail, I propose at this stage, if you will permit
me, to enunciate —

Chairman Gibbons: No, I dont think I will permit you. I think we will
go on in the usual order and hear those still who are in favour of the Bill, and then
we will hear the answer. (Hear hear) I have great respect for you, but I
think we still desire to hear what those in favor of this Bill have to say, and then
hear as fully as you like, from you and other gentlemen who are opposed to it.

Mr. Watson: Perhaps in connection with that you might hear those who
are in favour of the proposition.

Senator Derbyshire: I want to know if the Chairman is to be obeyed.

Chairman Gibbons: The Chairman will take care of himself, if you will
allow him. Mr. McCarthy, if you will tell the next gentlemen you wish to
address the meeting.

Mr. McCarthy: Mr. Plummer.

Mr. King: I hate to repeat myself, but we had some questions we wanted
to ask.

Chairman: You should have the privilege of asking as many questions
as you please.

Mr. King: How far up the St. Lawrence do you propose to raise the level?
You mention two feet and some inches at Lock 21; how much further will the
change in the level take place?

Mr. Rickey: What do you mean by the change of level? A millionth
an inch, or two inches, or three inches?

Mr. King: An inch or so.

Mr. Rickey: At Bradford's Point, above Farran's Point, roughly about
five miles west of Croil island, as the back-water rises, will be approximately
six inches at that point, and at Morrisburg it will be a little over an inch, possibly
two inches, between one and two inches.

Mr. King: Then you do away with the necessity for the Farran's Point
canal?

Mr. Rickey: No, sir.

Mr. King: There will still be some current there?

Mr. Rickey': There will still be some current there, but it wU be reduced
at the Farran's Point canal.

Mr. King: And navigable by all boats going up and down the St. Law-
rence?

Mr Rickey: You mean on the outside channel?

Mr. King: You know only some of our boats can now go up Farran's
channel.

Mr. Rickey: It will not be materially reduced; it may be improved.
The back-water rise will be only approximately a foot — You will reduce the
current about 4%.

Mr. McCarthy: Mr. Plummer.
19a— 674

988 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Mr. Plum.mer: I understand this is to be dealt with just in a general way;
and as representing a freight interest I would saj' that if we have proper assurance
that the present channels will not be interfered with; that the proposed lock
on the American side will be open seven days in the week, or six days if Sundaj-
is not allowed by law; and that it is free to Canadian boats; then as a freight
interest we are in favour absolutely. (Hear, hear) And I speak representing
what we call Lake Freight Association, which includes the majority of the package
freighters on Canada freight from Montreal to Fort William and return. That
is all I can say in a general way. We are distinctly in favour of it if it does as
I say.

]\Ir. Macl.\ren: Mr. Chairman, and members of the Waterways Commis-
sion : I have the honour to represent, as President, the Brockville Board of Trade,
also the Trades and Labour Council, the manufacturing industries and industrial
activities of the town of Brockville. I might say at the outset that all thuse
interests in Brockville are a unit unquestionably in favour of this scheme as
outlined to-day. We are here "to voice our opinions in favour of this plan, and to
ask' that favourable consideration be given to the granting of this Charter to
the Long Sault Development Company. Geographically we are situated on
the height of land between Pennsylvania and Nova Scotia. We therefore have
to pay the highest freight for our coal. It costs us over S-10 per horse-power
for ten hours to produce power industrially in that locality. If we get electric
power there we hope to be able to reduce that cost to $15 or .§18 per horse-
power for 24 hours. Now, then, we think that is worthj' of considerable attention
from an industrial standpoint; therefore wc ask that this point be given very
favourable consideration. It has been pointed out that electric power is a
substitute for coal, and is commonly called 'white coal'; and if that is the
case, then we have at our doors at Brockville a great deal of that natural resource
of Canada — white coal. Under the arrangement that is being proposed now
I presume we can get from there at least 300,000 h.p., and that power to be
developed there for Canadian use. The conservation of our natural resources
is at present occupying a great deal of the national attention. It is said that
coal is one of the greatest of those natural resources; and if by utilizing electric
power instead of coal we can save for other parts of Canada where coal is used,
and where they have not electric power, then we are going a long way towards
conserving one of our great natural resources by using power where power can
be used in those localities and parts of Canada where power is, in order to leave
the coal in our national deposits for those parts of Canada where electric power
is not developed. This plan of the Long Sault Company also conserves the
water-power of Canada. It is, as I understand it, on the American side of the
international boundary. This power is largely in the L'nited States. Now,
if we can by using the other follow's material eave our own material, surely
we are conserving our own material, in using the other fellow's. Therefore
I think that if we use the power of the United States instead of Canadian power,
to the extent that we use that American power we are conserving our own power.
Therefore we are helping the conservation of our natural resources in water-
power by utilizing the power from the United States. This proposition could
be illustrated con\ersely bj'^ the pulp industry at Fort Frances. We notice
how our Canadian pulp industry is affected there. If one goes to Fort Frances
he can see on the opposite side of the line large pulp mills at [Minnesota in the
United States, developed by United States capital, utilizing L-nited States
labour, making profit for the American and drawing their raw materials from
Canada. Now, we claim that they are conserving their own national resources
of pulp wood, but they are consvmiing ours. We therefore think conversely,
that if we can consume the power from the United States we are, at that point
in particular, conserving our own, and leaving all the power to the north of us

lyTERNATlONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSWl^ 989

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

for that part of eastern Ontario which needs power as badly as we do. Now,
coming down more particularly to our own interests industrially, I might say
that in Brockville we had a few years ago an American concern come there
and start a plant, which they operated for a considerable period of time. There
were rumours that they were going to leave Brockville and go to another part
of Ontario where power could be had. We offered them $50,000 of a bonus to
stay; we offered them free light, free water and exemption from taxes; but
these inducements, large as we thought them at the time, were of no considera-
tion to them whatever and they moved to western Ontario where they could
get power. Another industry that we had hopes of keeping in Brockville
because local capital is largely interested in that concern, left us and took with
them fifty of our people to Welland. The other concern that I spoke of took
150 of our people, and at the present time they have in their employ, as I under-
stand it, nearly 3,000 people. All this has been lost to Brockville — these great
industrial advantages. At the present time our own- factories have promised
definitely that if we can get electrical power there they will largely increase
their institutions. Therefore we think that these are great and weighty reasons
why we in that part of the St. Lawrence and that part of eastern Ontario are
deeply interested in this question. This power also, from the larger stand-
point, will undoubtedly tend towards the electrofication, as it were, of Canada,
and will also add to the general comfort of the public by doing away with a
great many of the inconveniences which at the present time are due to using
coal. It wll also, I think, conserve another of our natural resources in doing
away with the sad ravages from fire along the route that those railways, pro-
pelled by electric power, will travers. It has been said pubhcly, and perhaps
will be used as an argument by the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company
or other interests, that the scenery will be affected. Mr. McCarthy has anti-
cipated that. Now, I think we feel keenly the answer he has given to an argu-
ment of that kind. We feel that he has fully answered that by showing that
the scenery will be improved when those boats go down through the South
Sault channel and through that lock and come around there, and travellers
can see 3,800 feet of .a dam, over which falls 40 feet of water, they will view one
of the finest sights in the world. When they come through the largest lift-
lock in the world they will also have something to attract travellers to that
part of the country, from the tourists' standpoint. These are things that I
think should be considered from the tourists' standpoint. There will be a dam
larger than the Assouan or the Assiout dam in Egypt, and something that will
attract tourists. Navigation has been also referred to. Now, I take it as a
fair principle that a river is not fairly navigable unless it is navigable both ways,
up and down. At the present time the Long Sault is not navigable both ways.
It is only navigable by light boats going down, but not returning. We think
the freight question has been pretty well handled. We appreciate the views.
We think it has been fairly shown that four and half hours can be saved to these
freighters by this plan. That appeals to us from the shipping standpoint.
Now then, in conclusion, we are very much interested in this thing. We feel
our position in Brockville very keenly in regard to this matter, and I might say
that that is why we have appeared here in such a large body representing our
town. We might just as well have brought a thousand, for as a whole we are
as enthusiastic as we are as a deputation, and we think that anything that should
be done to prevent this scheme from going through would be a stop in back-
ward direction. We feel that there would have to be some very weighty reason
indeed that would prevent this scheme from receiving favourable consideration
at the hands of the Commission. We feel that it would have to be shown to
be very perilous indeed to our country as a nation. Now, we take a larger
view, as well as a local view, of this question, and we feel that Canada can only

990 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

be made a nation, industrially and every other way, by having the natural
parts of it built up to contribute their shares to the general progress of our
great land. Now, if you will give us down the front in eastern Ontario an
opportunity to get cheap power such as Toronto and Western Ontario have,
from Niagara Falls, and as Montreal has, we will conserve our industrial acti-
vities. At present we are starving for want of power, and our industries are
handicapped, lagging, going to sleep. " We want something of this kind to
waken us up so that we can take part in the industrial development of our
country; and it is only by developing the water-powers, wherever they lie,
that we can contribute to the general welfare of the whole, and that this nation
can be built up. I ask you whether it is fair that one boat, taking 3J/^ minutes
of each day, with 250 or 300 passengers on board for summer amusement, for
the pleasant pastime of shooting the chutes, should block the whole industrial
development of eastern Ontario?

Chairman Gibbons: I am sure we are all delighted to hear this. We would
have been all broken-hearted if this meeting had not gone on.

Mr. Stewart: I am delighted to come on at a stage when this meeting is
in such good temper. Mr. Maclaren has set forth our case so very well that it
leaves very little for me to say. I appear hereto-day on behalf of the Light and
Power Department of Brockville. If you look up the records of municipal
ownership you will find that we stand well into the front in this direction. We
have dealt with our public utilities in a broad public way, and in that spirit we
desire to approach this Commission to-day. The importance of power has been
realized by us. We have reviewed the situation, and have had the advice of
experts, and they tell us that our supply of power must come from the eastern
St. Lawrence. There are other sources, but they are not reliable, they are
erratic, and we have been referred to the eastern St. Lawrence for our sources of
power. The proposition now before you. Sir, will give us the power of which
we are so much in need. We also appreciate the singular advantage of the St.
Lawrence; it would be strange indeed if, living there, we didn't. We love the
sight of the passing ships and the commerce of the river, and we would be the
very first to rush to its defence in case of attack; but we submit, after a careful
examination of this proposition, after going over the ground, that it will be found
that navigation is not injured, but on the contrary that it is helped. Now, we
have realized that this power has simply been wasting there, and we believe that
the proper way to conserve it is to develop it; and that is what we ask. We have
been impatient of the delay. We find in Western Ontario there has been develop-
ment, and nothing on our part. We are not asking for the pledging of public
credit or the spending of public money; we simply ask that the Company that
have the money and the faith to do it be permitted to do it, and give us this power.
I don't think a better proposition, from a public standpoint, could be submitted
to any body of men. Now, we are very much in earnest about this. There are
eighteen or twenty of us here representing the business interests of the town,
and we are sure that this will receive sympathetic consideration. We say that
navigation will be improved; that natural resources will be conserved; and that
if this is carried through we will have an example of international harmony and
co-operation that will be very acceptable to all concerned.

Mr. Hutcheson: I am naturally a lazy beggar, and I am glad to realize
that much of the work that might have fallen on me has been so well done by
those who have spoken before me, and that I may save myself a good deal of
labour. I think I can dig up a few things that have not yet been said, or not
fully said. One suggestion was made which raised a question in

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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

one's mind as to its being a case of eastern Ontario against western Ontario.
(Hear, hear). I say they are in partnership. It is not a case of the west robbing
the east so much as a case of the east helping the west by development of itself;
for if we can develop the industries and make the goods and sell them, we must
l)uy goods, and we will thus increase the traffic, the commerce of the country in
every direction, and the whole commonwealth must thrive. (Hear, hear) Then
when it comes to a question of consideration of scenic beauties, that is a matter
which must not be left out, it is a matter which must be given its proper concern;
it is a matter which must be given due weight, but not over due weight. I say
that this country, this continent, cannot afford to neglect the development of
its natural resources yet. We are a growing country and a growing continent.
Our watchword is the future, not dwelling on the glories of the past, not admir-
ation of the natural scenery, but the development of the resources which we
have, so that we may grow up to be two of the great nations living in harmony
side by side. And if it comes to a question of scenic beauty, Mr. Chairman and
gentlemen, let me ask you what appeals most to the hard-headed men who love to
take a tour on the money they have earned by their own labour? Don't they like
to see an undertaking which has resulted from the harnessing of the natural
resources of the world, and which has resulted in the making of money? Don't
they like to see how man has triumphed over the powers of nature, and has ac-
complished a result which may develop the nation? Give the other consideration
its due importance, but don't overlook that consideration, because I submit it
is a very important matter. Those thrifty millionaires from the United States,
when they take their two weeks summer jaunt and pass down the St. Lawrence
and see that mighty dam, and .see a sheet of water falling over it, and heed and
learn what has been accomplished, will in the years to come enjoy that much
more than shooting the chutes, as my friend Mr. Maclaren has said. Then as
to the question of natural resources, I am a great believer in the conservation
of our natural resources ; but it is so easy to draw a herring across the scent in a
matter of that kind. Natural resources are of no avail, of course, unless devel-
loped. Now, when you develop a coal-mine or a gold mine, after you have dis-
embowelled that mine what have you left? A useless hole in the ground. Its
contents do not ever become replaced, you have exhausted its utility, and it is
done and down and out. After you have stripped the forest of its timbers,
many, many years must elapse and perhaps all time must elapse, before you ever
have a forest fit to strip again. But here we have a power which merely needs
harnessing when it will go on to all eternity, and until we harness it it is rurming
to waste so far as material advantage is concrened. Now, who can suggest that
when we form two companies the right to develop and use that power we are
giving away any natural resources? Who can suggest that, especially having
regard to the fact that it is to be a fair divide as to the power produced, and that
each nation will share equally in that? Coming back to our own poor little town
of Brockville, on behalf of which I speak to-day, we do really need some help along
material lines. We are a population of some 9,000 people. We have a pretty
little town and a sporty little town. We will spend all kinds of money up to
the limit of what we have to make our town nice to look at and a nice town to
visit; but our tax-rate has crept up in the last nine years from 19 to 25 millions.
Even the natural increase of population has been denied to us, because young
men go where the field is wider and broader, where they can grow up with the
growing country and measure up with their surroundings. We cannot keep them
or hope to keep them unless we get something which will induce them to remain
at home. Now, gentlemen, surely many things will have to be said as against
this proposition before they outweigh some things which myself and our other
friends have said and I can only hope that the procedure which we follow in the
Courts will to some extent be adopted here, and that in so far as new matter may

992 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

arise from the objectors to the scheme, that some of us at least may have an
opportunity to make some brief reply.

Mr. Pringle : It is very good-natured of you to listen to me for a few moments
I will promise not to detain you many moments coming as I do from the little
factorj' town of Cornwall, representing as I am the Cornwall Board of Trade and
the corporation of the Town of Cornwall. It is hardly necessary for me to say
to you that we are a unit in favour of some scheme by which the Long Sault
rapids may be harnessed and power may be developed. We have been touched a
little with the microbe of power. A few years ago, after great opposition
a little power was developed, as you will see on that map, at what is known as
Sheek's Island dam. Even that little bit of power has been of enormous ad-
vantage to our community. Our population has increased; we have factories
to-daj^— cotton-mills, paper mill, and so on — employing some thousands of people.
We have reached our limit. We find at our door a power, probably the greatest
on the continent of America, awaiting the men who have confidence and capital
to tackle the development of that power. I am not going to dilate on that ques-
tion, because I conceive from your utterances Mr. Chairman, that you are here
to-day largely as an advisorj^ bodj^, to deal largely with the general principle as
to the feasibility of the development of this power. You are not here to-day
to meet the technical objection there in regard to whether tliis plan is sufficient
to protect all interests. I conceive — I maj* be wrong — that you are dealing
broacll}' with the general principle: Is it feasible to grant or recommend the
development of this power? Will the development of this power in anj^ way
affect navigation? I am a layman; I am not a mariner, nor am I an engineer;
but I have lived on the banks of that river all my life, and it does not take a
mariner and it does not take an engineer to say that it is absolutely
feasible and that what has been pointed out to-day by the engineer, Mr. Rickey,
is absolutely right, and that when that improvement is made the navigation of
the St. Lawrence river is improved to an enormous extent. (Hear, hear and
applause.) I did not take this position to-day; I took it years ago — that what
our Government should have done in order to assist the navigation of the St.
Lawrence river — and any one who wishes — can look and find it on record — was to
put in on the north side of that river, just below Sheek's Island dam, one large
lift-lock bj* which steamers could have climbed up the river instead of going
through four or five locks, so that they could have gone into that one large lock,
gone into Sheek's Island dam, and in a matter of three-quarters of an hour
passed along the Sault rapids and gone about their business to the west. So it
is no new matter with me. I have been convinced for years that that would be
a great aid and a great assistance to navigation. I repeat that it is not neces-
sary to be an engineer or a mariner ; any man who loiows that location cannot
come to any other conclusion than that with a development such as that the
interests of navigation in this country will be improved. (Hear, hear.) Now
let me say a word . I have heard technical objection here and technical objection
there in regard to this matter. But even if you gentlemen, after hearing the
representation made here, advise on the general principle that this scheme is
feasible, if the engineers of the Dominion Government and the engineers of
the American Government, with all their expert Itnowledge and care, come to
the conclusion that there is difficulty in the way of navigation, when they get
dowTi to the details which must be gone into, surely the Governments are not
bound by j^our report? You are here simply to act in that advisory capacity,
and not to spend year in and year out in going into details. I am getting gray
hearing about this proposition. We have been looking forward to it for j^ears.
As Mr. McCarthy has properly said, it is not our heritage, nor is it the heritage
of the United States; it is our joint heritage, and we are proud of that heritage.
It has been placed right at our doors in that portion of Ontario and of Northern

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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

New York for a purpose, and I believe the purpose is to give to us that industrial
life which will build up eastern Ontario and Northern New York. (Hear, hear.)
What do we see to-day at Massena? A little to^\ni almost opposite the to\vn of
Cornwall, a few years ago a sleepy hollow — nothing doing except the spring
water. To-day, wdth that small amount of power which has been carried from
the St. Lawrence across to the Grass river, you see an enormous industry em-
ploying hundreds of men, and many of our Canadian people over there in the
employment of that company. (Hear, hear.) What did we see in Cornwall?
We saw come to our town one of the largest industries that is to-day in the Domin-
ion of Canada, come and look into the matter of our own power. I personally
went with the engineer over the whole district, and unfortunately he had to
report that the bringing in of an additional quantify of water from Hoople creek
into Sheek's Island would be such an enormous expense that thej^ could not
consider it ; and that company located in another section, and is to-day employing
upwards of a thousand people. (Hear, hear.) Again, we saw the Singer Sewing
Machine Company come to our town. We could not give them power ready
to locate. Subsequently they went to St. Johns, Quebec. Is it any wonder,
Mr. Chairman that we as a town come to you and say to you : Have we not had
delay enough? Has not this matter been presented to you for the past four
years? Are you not now convinced as to the general principle? Are you not
now convinced sufficiently to report that you believe the interests of navigation
will not be affected, ancl leave the matter in the hands of our Government?
(Hear, hear.) I am willing to submit to the men who are in control in Ottawa,
no matter what party they belong to. (Hear, hear.) I believe they are honest
men, and will look after and preserve the interests of our Canadian people, just
as the American Government will look after and conserve the interests of the
American jDeople. Pardon me, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, for trespassing
on your time, but this matter is very much at heart with the people of eastern
Ontario.

Mayor Evanson: (Prescott:) Gentlemen, and members of the Waterways
Commission, I do not appear here with any brief, as some of the gentlemen who
M'ere opposing the proceedings this afternoon seem to have. I am here as an
ordinary citizen, one whom the citizens of the good Town of Prescott saw fit
to elect as their Mayor at the recent election. I can tell any of you gentlemen
who have not been there that Prescott is blessed with the best .shipping advan-
tages of any town in eastern Ontario. (A voice: 'except Brockville.') I bar
no town whatever. (Laughter.) I say Prescott is blessed with the best shipping
facilities of any town in Eastern Ontario, and I wish to sl.ow that its progress is
retarded simply from the fact, that we lack cheap power. You know as well as
I do that any town is counted dead that is not seeking cheap power. That is
what Prescott is seeking to-day, and that is the reason the citizens of Prescott
asked me to appear here as their representative. Gentlemen, I assure you that
if Prescott had the power it would he in a position to obtain if this scheme is
carried out, in ten years' time, in place of seeing the small town of some 3,500
inhabitants we have to-day, you will have a city of at least 10,000 inhabitants.
I am sure that the inducements of the town of Brockville are all right, but that
you will see there a city of 50,000. (Hear, hear.) This is what we lack; we lack
power. We have the two greatest railroads on the continent running into
that town — the Grand Trunk and the Canadian Pacific. We have practically
communication with the Central Vermont and the New York Central on the
opposite side of us. We have every boat that passes from the west, from Fort
William and Duluth, to Montreal, passing by our doors. Gentlemen, why not
place us in the position to ask those empty barges as they are returning west, to
call into our port and take on a cargo that we will be able to manufacture in that
town if we have this power? (Hear, hear.) I can assure you, gentlemen, that

994 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

every citizen in the eastern part of the province of Ontario, especially in the
counties of Leeds and Grenville, are strongly in favour of the development of
power at the Long Sault. (Hear, hear.) The only objection that can arise,
as I see, is that of spoiling the scenic beauty. That will be presented to you
by the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company. Gentlemen, I say that in
less than five years the Richelieu and Ontario Na^^gation Company will be adver-
tising these dams as the greatest attraction that they have between Toronto and
Montreal. (Hear, hear.) In place of advertising the Sault Rapids they will
advertise those dams as their greatest attraction. Why, to-day the trip from
Prescott to Montreal grows monotonous because they have got too many rapids.
(Laughter.) It is nothing but a series of rapids. You get so tired of it you
would rather travel by rail. Let us cut out one of the rapids, and give us power;
that is what the eastern country wants.

Mr. Henry Holgate: About two years ago the St. Lawrence Power Com-
pany submitted their proposition to me for inquiry and ad\'ice, and I must say
that I treated it with a great deal of respect, knowing that we had to deal with
the River St. La^\Tence, and recognizing that the scheme was one which would be
either an injury or a tremendous benefit, owing to the fact that it was not a local
scheme. I did not consider it as a local scheme but part of the channel of the
St. Lawrence river, which is important to the whole of Canada. I looked into the
matter in connection with Mr. Rickey, and I can say that I conscientiously
studied it, with the result that I came to a conclusion, after certain modifications
which Mr. Rickey adopted, that the scheme as it stands to-day generally is quite
practicable. I have taken full opportunity of discussing the general features
of the whole scheme with the engineers of the Dominion Government, both
individually and together, and the result has been that these gentlemen have
come to our views of the matter; that their apparent opposition at the start was
from lack of a clear understanding of the conditions, which have been explained
to them since, and which have brought them as practically advocates of the
scheme instead of opponents. The question is a very important one, and as I
said, cannot be considered altogether as a local one. It must be considered
in connection with the whole of the St. Lawrence, which is the most important
waterway we have in Canada, and I could not bring myself to advocate any-
thing that I thought would be detrimental to that route. I speak as a Canadian,
particularly as a Montrealer, and from the engineering point of view I can see
nothing but good that could come out of the schemes which may be developed
at the Long Sault rapids. I am looking for the time when all the rapids on the
St. Lawrence river will be treated in the same way — (Hear, hear) — and when
our navigation will be in that river-bed and not through the rapids system.
The enlargement of the system is not far from us, and the time is right upon us
at present to study the River St. Lawrence, with regard to the extension of such
a system as is proposed here over the whole river from Lake Ontario to the
Harbour of Montreal. I think my good old friend Mr. John Kennedy, who was
for a time Chief Engineer of the Harbour of Montreal, and is now their Consulting
Engineer, will agree that with regard to any interference there might be with
the harbour of Montreal, it is totally out of the question; and if I might quote
some remarks that Mr. Kennedy made a few days ago, if anybody said it were
impracticable to do this work on the St. Lawrence river such as is shown, it
is because he — that is the person objecting — could not do it. The works are
practicable, I am perfectly sure that when Mr. Kennedy has sufficiently studied
the situation, he himself will endorse the plan; and any objections that he may
have at the present time — I say it with deference to Mr. Kennedy — -have been
because he has not had sufficient time to look into all the details. Now, I am
not bothering myself very much with details at the present moment ; I am dealing
with the general scheme and I have no hesitation in saying that the general

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SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

scheme is perfectly feasible. As a Canadian I want to see it adopted, and in
the interests of the St. Lawrence channel I hope some day to see a general scheme
adopted.

Mr. Kelly, Chief engineer of the Grand Trunk Railway, said : Mr. Chair-
man and Gentlemen, my connection with this is purely on technical grounds.
Though I am Chief Engineer of the Grand Trunk, I appear here in my strictlj'
personal capacity. My entire life has been devoted to engineering work. I
have worked in some of the largest rivers in this country. In this connection,
and in the development of this project, I went over the entire field with Mr.
Rickey from Lock 20 to Lock 21, over Sheek island up past Croil island, down
the Long Sault, and down to Cornwall. I have examined not only the map
upon the wall but all of Mr. Rickey's profiles, measurements, and the methods
of his calculations. I have not attempted to go through the voluminous calcul-
ations incident to a study of that character. It would take weeks. It has
already been calculated by several specialists, men of international reputation,
I have looked at Mr. Rickey's methods of computation, his methods of study,
and I must say he has used the most advanced and the most scientific methods
that are familiar to us, or known to us to-day. These calculations being checked
and borne out by the eminent engineers who have done work, would con-
vince me that his results as shown to me are correct. These results remove
•■rom my mind any doubt as to the perfect feasibility of this plan. The locations
selected for the dams are solid ledge rock. Their stability is unquestionable.
It is a mere question of design of the dam; and when a corporation will put
millions into a project, they will certainly not save thousands in the design of a
dam of that character. I understand Mr. Kennedy to have said that no man
can tell what ice will do in a river like the St. Lawrence. That is true, but under
no condition established by these dams can the ice-gorges be worse than they
have been in the St. Lawrence at that point. They will, in fact, be better. To
establish the dam further down the stream, as was suggested, would place it in
a very bad bottom. The history of the Cornwall bridge, known to every gentle-
man in this room, is sufficient answer to the judgment displayed by the engineers
of this company in moving up-stream to where they got solid rock. Some
questions that have been brought up are, the results down-stream from the
breaking of a dam. If the entire water impounded back of these dams were
suddenly transferred to the reach of the river between the foot of the dam and
Cornwall, it would raise the water a trifle over twelve feet. If that water were
suddenly transferred to the stretch from the foot of the dam to the foot of Lake
St. Frances it would raise the water about six and three-eighths inches; and if
it were continued from that point to the foot of Lake St. Louis it would raise the
water about 3^i inches. I certainly can see no harm due to the breaking of a
dam. But such a situation is absurd; it would not happen; no great dam of
that kind would go out all at once. If it went out piecemeal the results of
those rises would be distributed piecemeal down the river. As I say, I went
into the matter without prejudice. Had I found anything in Mr. Rickey's
general plans that I could have condemned, I would have said so. Had I found
anything that would have been detrimental to the interests of Montreal I never
would have been here. I can see only from this the saving of energy of over
half a million horsepower per year to the development of industries on both
sides of the St. Lawrence river, and for many miles in either direction. I
therefore come before this Board to say that as an engineer I believe the scheme
is entirely feasible, that it is entirely safe, and that any small objections that
can be raised as to the resulting currents can easily be taken care of by engineers
constructions.

Mr. McCarthy: About the ice conditions, I suppose there are facilities
in existence to-day which will break up ice?

996 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913
Mr. Kelly: Oh yes.

Mr. McCarthy: Could they be utilized in that channel, assuming the
dams were there?

Mr. Kelly: Yes, safely, where they could not be used in the swift currents
of to-day.

Senator Derbyshire: Mr. Chairman, and gentlemen of the Commission,
the one thing we need in the town of Brock\nlle, and have needed for years,
is cheap power. We have been looking in every direction for this power, and
after hearing our engineers' report, and after having had a large number of oiu:
citizens visit this locality, we have come to the conclusion that our chief power
must come from that localitj', and that if we can get this power developed it
will be of vast interest to us in the towii of Brockville. It will cheapen the cost
of power in that locality, and put us in the position to hold the factories
we have at the present time, and to get other large factories and concerns there,
on account of the situation. As you know, sir, we are in the most beautiful
location on the continent to-day, situated at the foot of the Thousand
Islands, on the ever-famous St. Lawrence, the most beautiful place in all the
world for scenerj' and for development. Our citizens are all anxious that
we should develop, and we can only do so by having cheaper power so as to retain
and increase the development of factories in our locality. We want this power
on account of its simplicity, on account of its cleanness, on account of its ease
of handling in all our factories, small as well as large; and I am sure that it
will be for the advantage not only of our country but for the United States 'as
well that this power should be developed there. I cannot see whj^ a little tech-
nical objection should be raised by other parts of the country that have cheap
power to-day, for fear that we would go in competition with them in our
manufactures and in our development, and \^•ith the resources that we can so
easily gain in our localitj'. I feel that the Commission would be justified in
recommending this scheme as far as they possibly can, because it has been shown
by the engineers that it is feasible, and there is no reason in the world why we
should not have cheap power in Brockville as long as this is so easilj' and so
handilj- obtained. We have the capital at the back of this company that is
ready to develop it, so that we feel safe in recommending this scheme to the
Commission and to the country.

Mr. Foster: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen, before the case is closed
before this Commission I desire on behalf of the St. Lawrence Power Company
to saj' one word to the Commission and one word to the gentlemen interested
in this project. When I and Mr. McGuigan and Mr. McCarthy were first
approached in connection with this matter we were approached as lawyers
and as citizens of Canada and asked to join hand in the development of something
that was, so far as Canada in concerned, useless at that time. Because we made
that association we neither lost nor sank our interest in things that were Cana-
dian; and I want to tell this Commission, and those gentlemen who are opposing
us to-day, that we will retain that same interest. We are not prepared, any
one of us, or the men associated with us, to remain for one single moment
connected with the St. Lawrence Power Company when any engineer, or anj'
man who is in a position to do it, shows us that we are going to do one of the
many things that have been charged against this proposition. (Hear, hear).
We have been assured, not by ordinary but by most eminent engineers in the
United States and Canada — and we have had the best expert advice that money
would enable us to get — that none of the difficulties exist that are said to threaten
this project. It is because we believe that this petition should be granted that
we appear before j'our Commission to urge it. We are one \vith the gentlemen
here representing the shipping interests in not wanting the shipping interest

I

IXTERNATIOXAL MATERWAYS COMMISSION 997

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

of Canada or the St. Lawrence riyer injured; but we do not believe that the
development of Canada should be retarded in order that a few tourist tickets
may be sold from some point in America to Montreal. We do not believe
that this one single rapid, among the many rapids there are in the river, should
remain as it is to-day in order that the little business that is represented there
might be transacted. So far as the great question of shipping of this country
is concerned, we believe we are not going to injure it. If we did not believe
that, we would not be here. I say, Mr. Chairman, we believe in the justice
of the case that we put before you. We believe that this power can be developed
so as to be a blessing not only to the places that have spoken here to-day, not
only parts that have been mentioned, but that it can be a blessing to the great
city of Montreal. There we have a population increasing by leaps and bounds,
with no power except the little power that is developed there to-day, and
the power that is brought from Shawinigan, in the hands of a monopoly that
are grinding down the people of that great city. A monopoly that can be
met by such a development as we propose. Mr. Beck asks what I am going
to do? We are going to have opposition to them.

Hon. Mr. Beck: How long?

Mr. Foster: I don't say how long, but we will take good care that the
new contract that is made with the city of Montreal is not tied up as some of
the province of Ontario is. I say that Montreal is not here as a unit to oppose
this plan; ^Montreal is not a unit against this proposition. A few men interested
in the Light, Heat and Power Company, a few men, including lawyers and others,
who are interested in the Street Railway Company, a few men that are interested
in some of the Shipping companies, think that it is going to injure them; but
the great population of the city of Montreal I believe to be in favour of this
proposition. I believe that it will benefit Montreal, and because as a citizen
of Montreal I believe that, I give that as an additional reason to urge you to
grant this petition.

:\Ir. McCarthy: Mr. Chairman, I do not propose to try your patience
any longer. I desire simply to say that I hand you a list of the gentlemen who
have come from Brockville, Cornwall and Prescott to be present and advance
their views, representing the locality from which they come.

Chairman Gibbons : Then do I understand that there are no other gentlemen
to address the meeting in favour of the proposition?

Mr. Calvin: (Kingston) I understand the speakers on that side are
finished?

Chairman Gibbons: Yes.

Mr. Calvin: At this stage I would like to say that at the last hearing
of this scheme the Calvin Company, through myself, objected to the scheme
because it would shut our rafts out of the river. I now want to say that the
Development Company have agreed to bear the loss incidental to our barging
timber through the canal, and so we withdraw the objection. (Hear, hear
and applause).

Chairman Gibbons: Mr. Beck, do j'ou wish to address us?

Hon. Adam Beck: The government has representatives here.

Mr. Hilliard: You prefer going on, Mr. Chairman?

Chairman Gibbons: We will go on till six o'clock or half past six.

Mr. Hilliard: Mt. Chairman and gentlemen of the Waterways Com-
mission, I was very glad to hear the representative of the promoters of this

998 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

scheme say that they were ready to pay for the power that would be developed
there; that they recognized that there was no ownership in the water. I wish
to call the Commission's attention to the fact that in reference to Canada the
St. Lawrence Company have taken the very opposite course to what the Long
Sault Development Companj^ did in the United States. I fancy that if the Long
Sault Development Company had proffered their Bill to Congress in the first
instance they would have been recognized until they had acquired, by legisla-
tion or otherwise, the rights that are recognized to exist in the State of New
York. And so they wisely attended upon the Senate and Legislative Assembly
of the State of New York and obtained the requisite legislation to give to them
the rights and powers possessed by the State of New York, and that was em-
bodied in the Act of the State of New York, it is now known as Chapter 355.
By looking over that Act you will find that when the Congress, the national
parliament which has the legislative jurisdiction (Tver international waters,
that is to say administrative powers, would grant them such and such authority,
then the representative body of the State of New York was to convey to them
the ownership in the bed of the river, and the ownership, so to speak, in the
proprietary right that exist in the State of New York in the waters flowing
over their properties. Now, we stand upon the same footing exactly. The
highest court in the British Dominions decided in the year 1898 — and that
decision is reported in the English Reports of Appeal Cases 1898 at page 700 —
in a submission by the Dominion Government, representing on the one part
the Dominion and on the other part the three provinces — the province of
Ontario, the province of Quebec, and the province of Nova Scotia.

Chairman Gibbons: I don't want to shut off any discussion, but you
surely don't expect this Commission to settle the question of jurisdiction? I
am quite familiar with the decision as to proprietary rights: but that is not
the point. It is necessarj', in dealing with international waters, to have an
international commission to deal with the international questions. We are
merely an advisory board. We cannot take away your rights if you have
them, nor are we a court to establish anybody's rights if they exist; so I think
this is hardly the place to thresh that out.

Mr. Hilliard: It seems to me that it is very foolish, so to speak, from a
commercial point of view, to ask those rights from a Government that has not
those rights to give.

Chairman Gibbons: That is a matter for this company. They may
not get any rights; but all the Commission have to do is to see whether there
is any reason, from an international standpoint, why those rights should not
be given.

Mr. Hilliard: One of the reasons is that the Government of Canada
have not the power to grant those rights.

Chairman Gibbons: Well, they will have to take care of that.

Mr. McCarthy: Are you going to get this Commission to hold that?
(Laughter).

Mr. Hilliard: We say this, that the proceedings in the United States
were proper; they were right; they went to the Government that had the
right to give those rights. Now, it is, so to speak, going cart before the horse
in Canada. It may be they will never get the rights from the Ontario Govern-
ment; it may be they will; but what we say, speaking on behalf of the Govern-
ment is that any power that is developed from the water Of the River St. Law-
rence belongs as the proprietary rights of the province of Ontario, as was decided
in that case. We furthermore say that the ownership in the soil, in the bed
of the river, to the international boundary, the title is in the province of Ontario;

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 999

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

that was also decided in that case; and therefore until these questions are
settled, it is absolutely useless to go on with this proceeding. Even in that
case it was assured that the Parliament of Canada, might, so to speak —

Chairman Gibbons: I must rule you out of order in that discussion. We
cannot settle these questions of jurisdiction. There may be a question between
the Dominion and the province as to who has these rights. There is a place
to settle that; it is not in the Queen's Hotel, but in a court, at Ottawa or some-
where else.

Mr. Hilliard: We simply wish to put protest at this time, and as long as
it is recorded we have discharged our duty to the province, and have not allowed
this Commission to go on and make reports while we sit back.

Chairnam Gibbons: It is quite right that you should make the protest,
but an argument would do no good.

Mr. James White: Secretary Commission of Conservation, Ottawa: I
appear here on behalf of the Commission of Conservation, At the last meeting
of the Commission a memorandum was prepared and I was instructed to deliver
it to this Commission at its meeting here to-day.

It reads as follows : —

THE COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION

Hon. Clifford Sifton, Chairman.

Ottawa, Februarj' 7, 1910.
James White, Secretary.

To the Members of the

International Waterways Commission.

Gentlemen: — I have the honour to refer to the communication of your
Secretary, under date of Jan. 11, 1910, and to communicate herewith the \iew^
of the Executive Committee of the Commission of Conservation in regard to the
application of the St. Lawrence Power Company now before you.

This subject has been considered by the Executive Committee consisting
of Hon. Senator Edwards, Mr. E. B. Osier, M.P., Dr. Henry S. Beland, M.P.,
Mr. F. D. Monk, M.P., Dr. J. W. Robertson, Hon. Mr. Haszard, Premier of
Prince Edward Island, Mr. J. F. Mackay and myself. The views herein ex-
pressed represent the unanimous opinion of the Committee.

The proceeding is understood to relate to the application of the St. Lawrence
Power Company, now pending before the Dominion Government, for leave to
construct dams across the St. Lawrence river at and near the Long Sault rapids.
As part of the proposed works it is intended to erect an extensice power develop-
ment plant upon Barnhart island (an American island) and upon the Lhiited
States mainland and a much smaller plant on the Canadian mainland. Ex-
amination of these proposals discloses a variety of important considerations.

(1) It is quite possible that .serious damage would result from the con-
struction of the works. Engineers have, it is true, given an opinion that there is
no probability of such damage. On the other hand, the opinion of the residents
along the shore and the most experienced navigators and observers is apparently
almost unanimous in holding that the probability of serious damage is very
strong. With all respect to the engineers who have given their opinions, it is
submitted that the question is not an engineering problem and that no data
exist for the formation of a reliable engineering opinion. No engineer can tell

1000 DEPARTHHXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE'V., a. 1913

where or how ice will be formed when in our rigorous climate the flow of a mighty
river is interfered with. It is a fact that slight interference has in former years
caused great damage from floods and ice jams. The possible total stoppage of
the flow of the river as a consequence of the works contemplated is a contingency
which cannot be said to be impossible or remote. Such a stoppage would cause
enormous damage to private property and would imperil the Cornwall canal
which is an integral and essential part of the all-Canadian water route from Lake
Superior to the sea.

It does not appear necessary to express an opinion as to whether the weight
of evidence or probability is in favour of the view expressed by tne engineers or
that expressed by the residents ol the locality who have intimate knowledge
of the history of the river for many years past. The fact that there is any —
even the slightest — difference of opinion is a sufficient reason for condemning
the proposal. No risk whatever should be incurred in a matter of such vital
national importance.

(2) The proposed diversion of water bj' the dam between the Long Sault
island and Barnhart island would take from the main na\'igable channel between
Barnhart island and the United States mainland about 50 % of its water. The

-effect of such a diversion of water from the navigable channel is impossible to
estimate. It can, however, be stated with certaintj- that the navigability of
the channel would not be improved by such diversion.

(3) The construction of the dams in question will result in compelling na-
vigation (other than by the Cornwall canal) to follow a new route known as
the South Sault channel. Experienced na\igators are of the opinion that this
route will be much inferior to that now followed.

(4) The time will undoubtedly arrive in the history of Canada when deeper
navigation upon the St. Lawrence will require to be provided for bj' the Canadian
Government. Should the works proposed by the St. Lawrence Power Companj'
be constructed, the Government would no longer have a free hand in undertaking
such an enterprise.

(5) The vested rights of the company would require to be considered.
Should the engineering plans adopted for improving and deepening navigation
interfere with or damage the works of the company, which is reasonablj' certain
to be the case, then the Government would be under the necessitj' of expropria-
tihg such works and paying an enormous sum by waj- of damages. Moreover
it is not clear that such expropriation could be had on any terms. The inter-
national character of the works might prove an insuperable bar, in which case
the Government would be without remedy, and the improvement of navigation
could not be effected.

(5a) The proposed scheme of the St. Lawrence Power Company contemplates
ma'king use of the Canadian side of tlie river simplj- as a convenient landing-
place for a dam. A very slight examination of the plans of the company is
sufficient to make it clear that onlj- a small portion of the contemplated expendi-
ture will take place in Canada and only a very small proportion of the total
power developed will be developed in Canada.

(6) Looking at the whole scheme, it does not appear that any serious at-
tempt can be made to show that Canadian requirements or Canadian interests
are an appreciable factor in the plans of the Company. The plans contemplate
the absolute monopolization of the whole power available from the rapids with
a minimum consideration of Canadian interests.

(7) No market exists at the present time upon the Canadian side for the
power proposed to be developed, or anj' appreciable portion thereof. When any
large quantity of power is required in the territory tributary to the proposed
works it can be otherwise provided. There is within the radius of economic
transmission abundant power available for development in purely Canadian
territory without interfering ^Nith the St. Lawrence river in any way.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION lOOl

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

(8) Slioulcl the time come when further power is demanded by Canadian
interests and the placing of a dam across the St. Lawrence river is determined
upon, one half of the power to be generated thereby will belong of right to
Canada and should be permanently retained for Canadian use without any ex-
ception or qualification.

(9) The suggestion that power can be generated on the American side, or
generated on the Canadian side and exported to the United States, and that
thereafter when it is required in Canada the Company can be ordered to deprive
its United States customers of the power and deliver it in Canada is regarded as
being entirely illusory. If the power is used in the United States, industries
will be built up and vested interests created thereby which will be impossible to
ignore. The attempt to enforce an order for the delivery of power on the Cana-
dian side after it had for years been exported or used in the United States would
lead to serious difficulties. The case is not the same as if the Company and its
works were wholly within Canada. If the Company desired to avoid or resist,
such an order no means would exist of enforcing it without resorting to steps
which would be a sure road to international complications.

(10) Although not at present required for actual use, the power possibili-
ties of the St. Lawrence at the Long Sault are very great and the time will undoubt-
edly come when they will be of enormous value. The present proposition
contemplates giving away this valuable asset without any substantial consider-
ation to a foreign company for its private financial advantage.

(11) The obvious conclusion from the facts above recited seems to be that
the plain duty of Canada is to maintain her rights of ownership and jurisdiction
absolutely unimpaired and intrammelled.

There are other considerations to be taken into account besides those of an
exclusively material character.

Canada is becoming increasingly Icnown throughout the world as a land
of great natural beauty. Its mountain, woodland and river scenery are unrivall-
ed. Among all the beauty spots of the Dominion perhaps the Long Sault and
the romantic and exciting passage over its rapids are the most widely known
and the most universally admired. Situated upon the greatest system of fresh-
water navigation in the world, midway between the Great Lakes and tide-water,
the Long Sault is an important feature in the great panorama which for gener-
ations has caused the St. Lawrence to be known throughout the world as the
embodiment of the highest type of landscape beauty. Only the most urgent
and unavoidable necessity could furnish justification for diminishing in any
degree the natural attractions of this great river. The destructi - of its finest
feature without even the semblance of present necessity would seem go be wholly
indefinable.

For the above reasons the executive of the Commission of Conservation
desires to place on record its unqualified opposition to the proposition which
is before you.

I have the honour to be,
Gentlemen,

(Signed) CLIFFORD SIFTON,

Chairman.

Mr. Hutcheson: May I ask if the Conservation Commission took the
evidence of witnesses pro and con before producing that?

Mr. Watson : Will the meeting now adjourn till after dinner or till to-morrow
morning?

Chairman Gibbons: We want you to suit your convenience. There are
a great many gentlemen here, from a good distance. Mr. Lafleur and Mr.
19a— 68

1002 DEPARTilEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19,13

Smith, I think we ought to consult you, and Mr. Meredith. Would you rather
meet this evening?

Mr. Smith: I don't think I ought to mention mj' own convenience at all.
I should be pleased to stay over if necessary.

Chairman Gibbons: It seems to me a matter that j'ou have got to take
time to thresh out. We certainlj' want to get all the information we can from
all sources. All we are seeking is light, and I certainly don't want the matter
hurried.

Hon. Adam Beck: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the Commission, con-
siderable stress has been laid upon the fact of the power requirements on the
Canadian side in the vicinity of this development. Mr. McCarthy has gone
so far afield as to say that the west is robbing the east.

Mr. McCarthy: Oh no.

Hon. Mr. Beck : I beg your pardon, those are your words.

Mr. McCarthy : I don't think so. •

Hon. Mr. Beck: Well, I know it.

Mr. McCarthy: I am sure of it. (Laughter.)

Hon. Mr. Beck: Because the great development that is taldng place in
the west is robbing the east. It may surprise j^ou to know that the develop-
ment in the west has received considerable thought and anxietj- on the part of
the Government and the Hj^dro-Electric Power Commission. The municipal-
ities lying between Cornwall and Brockville, Kingston, Prescott, and so on,
down to Port Hope, have made formal application, I think with the exception
of Cornwall, to the Commission for the supply of power. They have been
offered a supply of power adequate to meet their requirements at a price some-
what lower than that suggested for the power that is to be sold by this Company
(Hear, hear.) Sir Wilfrid Laurier, I am iiiformed on good authority has said
that the cry for power in this district must be considered, and that is probably
one of the reasons whj' a development-of this nature should take place. Now,
I take exception to the statement of the gentlemen from Cornwall that the cast
has not been considered, and to Mr. McCarthy's, o^^ang to the fact that I have
a memorandum here of the different municipalities that have applied for power
to the Commission; they are: — Napanee, Durham, Cobourg, Oshawa, Port
Hope, Bowmanvillc, Deseronto, Belleville, Kingston, Prescott, Morrisburg,
Picton, Cornwall, Brockville. These have applied for power to the Commission;
and to confirm my statements, we have submitted prices to these different
municipalities based upon $12-power, not .$15-power. And for the in-
formation of the gentlemen and the Commission I may say that $15-power
is of no use whatever to the municipalities other than Cornwall; the cost is too
high. We are buying power at Niagara Falls at S9, and if we are assured of S9
power we will be able, as a Commission, as a Government, to transmit that
power to all the municipalities, meeting the development from Niagara Falls
to Toronto midwaj^, but not Slo power,. However, the contention that the
west is being looked after and not the east, is not justifiable, for our work is not
confined to the west or the east or the south or the north. It covers the whole
province of Ontario. Port Arthur is at the present time under contract with
■the Commission. I think Ottawa is receiving some benefit because of the work
and the undertaking on the part of this Commission; and the eastern district
has been fullj' considered, and we contemplate completing a transmission line
that will reach Brockville in the east and AVindsor in the west. Therefore your
anxiety as a Commission must not be so very strenuous and severe from the

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1003

SESSIONAL PAPER No. ISa

feeling that these municipalities have been neglected and that their requirements
have not been met. They have all had the price of power submitted, $12 power;
$15 power is not of sufficient importance to consider from that standpoint at all.
As to rate regulation, we have not found in the Province of Ontario that rate
regulation solves the question. We have rate regulation clauses in the contracts
existing between those companies at Niagara Falls and the province of Ontario,
but they have been ineffective; we get no results whatever.

Chairman Gibbons: I don't think the regulations that this Commission
will suggest can be compared with your Ontario regulations. If this Commission
do suggest I'egulations, I think the Government will have sense enough to
provide properly for the regulation of rate. In your case your regulations did
not amount to anything.

Hon, Mr. Beck: That is the absolute conclusion of the Commission and
that must be carried out in whatever arrangements are made. We found our-
selves at a little disadvantage, and do now, at Niagara Falls. Although we
are supposed to have an equal division of the power, two-thirds of the power
is being shipped to the United States in addition to the full development in
the United States, and we hope we won't have a repetition of that.

Mr. McCarthy: Might I ask Hon. Mr. Beck when and how he offered
power for Brockville?

Hon. Mr. Beck: I did not say Brockville. You are not on my list. I say
there is a —

Mr. McCarthy: Whether it is on your list or not, j'ou read Brockville.

Mr. HuTCHESON : As town solicitor for Brockville I wrote two years ago
for power to the Hydro-Electric Commission, and to this daj' I have not received
a reply to my letter.

Chairman Gibbons: That is a controversy between you and the Hydro-
Electric Commission, and is not of interest here.

Meeting adjourned at 6 o'clock p.m. until to-morrow, AVednesday, February
9 at 10 o'clock A.M.

APPENDIX B.— Continued.

Toronto, Wednesday, Feb. 9, 1910.

The Commission met in the Queen's Hotel at 10 o'clock.

Commissioners and other parties present as on yesterday. '

Chairman Gibbons, in opening meeting, said: I think I ought to mention
that in the Bill that was introduced into Congress providing for the construction
of this dam, a provision was inserted similar to that in other Acts of the United
States. This Bill was subject to a general Act to regulate dams across navigable
rivers. The provisions are of the most stringent kind, for authority is given to
the Secretary of War to deal with interests of navigation at all times. That is
to say, all privileges granted are subject to navigation interests, and. can be taken
away at any time — I think I am not stating the law too strongly — and the Act
of Congress brought in has also this provision, that the consent of the proper
authorities on behalf of the Dominion Government is to be given to any work
that is to be carried on. I certainly think that if anything is done, whatever
decision is arrived at here, that it may be taken for granted that the Canadian

19a— 68i

1004 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19/13

authorities will not be less astute ia protecting the interests of Canada than are
the Americans in the provisions which they made in these special Acts. I don't
know who is now readj'. Mr. Lafleur?

Mr. King: I may have something to say specially in behalf of the Dominion
Marine Association, but as the Richelieu and Ontario interests are specially
represented, as Mr. Calvin has made arrangements which are satisfactorj' to him,
and as several freighters have already expressed their view to a slight extent,
there are other interests I would like to be heard, and would therefore ask Mr.
A. A. Wright, of the Chicago Steam Navigation Company, to state his views.

Mr. Wright: Mr. Chairman, it is with a good deal of diffidence I come
before this meeting, for the simple reason that I sat here yesterday very patiently
trjang to the best of my ability to find out why we are here, and it is not quite
clear to me yet. So far as I can learn from Mr. McCarthj^'s statements, and
the so-called explanation by the engineer, Mr. Rickej', I have failed yet to see
anjihing before this meeting which would justify any opinion being expressed
by anj" one in the room, whether on the Commission or off it. In the first place
I would like to make clear to you, Mr. Chairman, the reason why the apparently
generous offer that was made to the vested interests was not taken advantage of.
I was present with other men representing those interests when that proposition
was discussed, and we decided, rightly or wrongly, that it was utterly imprac-
ticable, and I will give you the reason so that you can see whether we are wrong
in our decision or not. As we understood it, the proposition put up to us was to
send engineers to look over the ground and see if it were feasible tp put a dam
and power plant across the St. Lawrence at that location without interfering
yriih navigation; and we were asked to select engineers to express an opinion on
that point. Now, the first difficultj'' that confronted us was: What would we
ask an engineer to do? The only thing that had been presented to us was a
sketch, which might as well have been made on the sand with a stick, simply
showing that they proposed to put a dam here and a dam there, and a power
plant here and a power plant there; but there was no statement showing us com-
paratively what the shore-hne and the heights of water would be as to the shore
on the two sides, respectively. They did not tell us what the heights of the dams
were; what effect it would have on the currents when the discharges were going
on over one or all plants; how it would affect the outlet of the Cornwall canal;
whether the discharge was running strong at the north power-plant or at the
south power-plant, or at the middle power-plant as the case may be;
and we were simply confronted with this — that we had to have a choice
of sending an engineer to see if he could evolve a plan which we
thought would be practicable, which we could criticize, and if we
pointed out that his plan was impracticable, and came before the Commission,
we would be told: 'Oh, that is not the plan that is being adopted; your argu-
ments don't affect this plan.' It would be simply putting us in that absurd
position, as M'e thought, taking for granted that engineers are competent to say
whether those poM-er-plants will interfere with navigation or not. I am quite
willing to admit that engineers can sometimes construct bridges that don't fall
down, and dams that don't carry awaj^; but sometimes they fail. It is not only
in ancient history that we find engineers making bridges that collapse or dams
that are carried away; it is of comparatively recent occurence, and sometimes
entailing serious loss of life. We have heard a good deal about broad views,
and not looking at this matter in a narrow light; and then what did we hear? All
the views that were expressed j-esterday, as far as I heard, started from Brock-
ville and ended about Cornwall, or in some cases as far as Montreal. Now, if
you look at a map of Canada and the United States, it is a long way from Mont-
real to the Pacific Ocean. The St. Lawrence waterway is without question the
groat regulator of freight rates from the west to the Atlantic Ocean. We men

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1005

SESSIONAL PAPER No. V9a

cannot say what the requirements along the St. Lawrence waterway may be fifty
years from to-day. To show you that, I do not need go farther than ten years
ago, when none of those freighters who have spoken here were doing business on
the St. Lawrence. And by the way, the consent which those freighters made
to this improvement going on was only conditional — 'if so-and-so were done,
and 'if the things they were told were done, then they thought if would be a
good plan. None of those gentlemen were interested on the St. Lawrence ten
years ago. But you gentlemen, as a Commission, are virtually trustees for future
generations, and your recommendations to the respective Governments will be
binding probably for all time; because, while the United States Congress or the
Dominion Government may have provisions inserted in an Act by which they
could blow those works out of there if necessary, we all know that lawyers can
have things drag along, as is instanced no later than within the last few years
with the franchise granted at the American Sault canal, which held up the
United States Government and has delayed construction on the lake bj^ the
United States for two years, and has only very recently been out of the way, so
that the United States Government could proceed with the construction of a
new lock at the Soo canal. We have also this that should be perfectly clear,
that when we want someone to navigate steamers we don't go to the most com-
petent engineers in the world, or even the most renowned; we take men who are
trained in navigating steamers. Now, the only men who are competent to express
an opinion as to the effect of these works are pilots who earn their living piloting
vessels in the currents of the St. Lawrence river; and I have yet to hear of one
of those men who has stated that he believes that these dams or these power-
plants will not be injurious to navigation. Mr. Rickey yesterday, in his so-
called explanation of the scheme, failed to tell us even the height of the dam
which would be constructed. He did not even show on the plan the full length
of the Cornwall canal. Personally, I don't know yet exactly how far it is from
the head of the Cornwall canal to the foot of it — from anything which was
stated here. I beheve it is something in the neighbourhood of eleven miles. We
don't know what the ^11 will be from the outside of these power-plants to the
foot of the Cornwall canal. We don't know what the speed of the current
will be; what the speed will be if they are developing 100,000 h. p. at one of
their plants, and what it will be if they are developing 300,000, or the whole
500,000; what the effect will be on a boat if she came along with the north plant
shut doM'n, with a discharge current, or with the south plant shut down. All
these are things, gentlemen, which I think should have been furnished to the pubHc
if this meeting is to be asked to express either approval or disapproval of this
scheme. Now, so far as I can see, there seemed to be, two sets of plans. There
seemed to be this rough, crude sketch which is given to the rest of us, and another
Bet of plans which seems to be before the Commission, on which apparently we
are asked to express an opinion without having seen them. Now, I think that
is manifestly unfair. It puts us in this position, that we must leave the whole
question to the decision of the honourable Commission without being able in-
teUigently to give you any assistance by the expression of opinion from men who
are concerned in the interests of navigation. Now, so far as the letters are con-
cerned which were read here yesterday, I must say that they took me by surprise.
Those letters seem to have been obtained between the annual meeting of the
Dominion Marine Association, held at Ottawa on January 26 and 27, when,
amongst others, Mr. King and myself were appointed to appear on this deputa-
tion and see what we could learn about the scheme, and see if we could get any
information on which to base an opinion. Now, I have too much respect for
the opinions of these gentlemen, if they expressed them honestly — that is, finally
said that the plans were all right — they could not have expressed them on the
information which I have received; but why should they have received some
different information or different plans from the rest of the vessel interests of

1006 DEPARTMENT OF PVBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Canada? That is what I cannot understand. All that I have to say to the Com-
mission further is that I am unalterably opposed to any works put in the St.
Lawrence river in the hands of private interests whose onlj' object is the earning
of dividends. They can have no direct interest in navigation. It is all very
well to say that they will bring industries into that small district surrounding;
but that is a very small thing against the whole interests of the west. Now then,
just take for granted that permission is given to put those works there, and they
are found to be prejudicial to navigation; that inside the next fifty years it is
found necessary, in order to control the freight rates for the western citizens
of both the United States and Canada, to increase the facilities between Lake
Ontario and the Atlantic Ocean for the passage of vessels, aiid we are met by a
vested interest there; what could be the result? We will hear the story of the
widow and orphan whose funds are invested there in good faith, that cannot
be interfered with; and navigation interests will simply have to put up with the
result. Mr. Holgate yesterday expressed the opinion that possibly at some future
date all the rapids on the St. Lawrence might be covered with dams, and the
stretches in the river between those dams used for the passage of ships, instead
of canals. Now, as a man interested in the vessel business I would say that
would be an ideal scheme; but supposing that it is brought about, and that this
scheme is in operation to flood out all the rapids and get the necessary dead
water between the dams, it might tend to lower the head of this particular dam;
and then we would be met with the objection: 'Oh, you are taking away our
franchise; you are reducing the power which we have spent money to develop.'
There are a hundred and one questions like that which might come up, and which
we have had no opportunity of considering, because, as far as any information
which has been given to me at any of these meetings is concerned, we know ab-
solutely nothing about the height of the banks along the St. Lawrence river
between those stretches, or what the proposal in any shape or form is, except
the crude sketch which M'as given here yesterday. That, as I have said, does not
cover the whole length of the Cornwall canal even; it does not tell us the height
of the dam, or anything in connection with it. I will not take any more of your
time, gentlemen, liecause I think I have said enough to show you that we are in
' absolutely no position to give any intelligent opinion on the merits of this scheme.

John Kennedy: Gentlemen, I represent the Harbour Commissioners of
Alontreal on this question, and I am not here in their behalf to oppose the
damming of the St. Lawremce as a general proposition. I assume that that
can be done wisely and safelj' in some way, but the plans placed before us do
not give information enough to .show just whether this plan is the best one or
not, except as to the main question. The Harbour Commissioners, as conser-
vators of navigation interests on that part of the St. Lawrence — which really
means ^he whole St. La^\Tence trade, the country in general, and that the trade
ramifying through all other trades — feel that the proposition is put forward
rather in inverted shape. I understand, Mr. Chairman, that the Commission
holds that navigation interests are paramount. The Harbour Commissioners
think so too, and therefore the proposition should be considered as a navi-
gation proposition primarily, and secondarily as a water power development —
incidentally rather than primarily. Now it is put forward as a water-power
proposition with a navigation attachment, as we may say — which is the wrong
way altogether. The Harbour Commissioners therefore hold that it should be
dealt with fundamentally as a navigation question; and looked at it that way,
it is felt that the damming of the St. Lawrence at that place must be considered
as part of a general scheme of dealing with the navigation of the St. Lawrence
and improving navigation of the St. Lawrence on a great scale. It is proposed,
and no doubt will be carried out that the Welland canal should be enlarged

INTERN ATIOXAl. WATERWAYS COMMISSIOX 1007

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

and bring lake vessels down into Lake Ontario and as far as Prescott. But
the increase of navioation trade on the St. Lawrence is too rapid that obviously
at no very distant date the St. Lawi'ence navigation capabilities will have to
be increased, and on a great scale also. That will be obtained by canalizing
the river; not bj- making lateral canals, but bj^ canalizing the river as is being
done in all large canal schemes at present. For instance, the Georgian bay
proposition is the canalizing of the Georgian baj'. The improvement of the
Ohio, which is a great work, is also a work of that character — damming the river
and putting in locks and canalizing the river — a proposition which involves
the making of some 14 or 15 dams at an estimated cost of $93,000,000. A
<'onsiderable part of it is already done. Now, the St. Lawrence would undoubted-
ly be carried out in that way, and that ought to be considered as a link — and
primaril}^, fundamentally' as a link — in that navigation. Now, looked at it
that way it will at once be seen that it ought to be a Government work, as all
the works for the improvement of navigation on any scale, whether large or
small, at least of which I have any knowledge, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
are Government works, whether it be a little bit of a lock on the Beaver, say,
or a great lock at the Soo, or anything between. All our canals, all the im-
provements of navigation waterwaj^s everywhere are altogether an exclusively
Government work. I know of no place at all where there is anything like a
river dammed and locks made which are private property, and the navigation
dependent upon the lock being built and maintained by private parties. This
case would naturally fall under the general rule, and above all things it must
be considered that it is in the great waterways of this northern part of the continent
— possi):)!}' it maj* be considered the greatest waterway on the whole continent.
And then it has additional importance as being an international waterway.
Our neighbours to the south are just as much interested in it as we are, and it
would surelj- be a very awkward matter to have the interests of the two nations
with a private Company between — a State of New York Company — I do not
at all reflect on the excellent gentlemen who are at present promoting the Com-
pany, but we know perfectly well that they may sell out next week, or that the
whole thing may go into hands of a tremendous merger of so great dimensions
that it would be very difficult to get at it. We know bj'watching the Court records
how exceedingly difficult it is to deal with those tremendous trusts, with all
the power of the nation prosecuting — of the American nation, where trusts
are larger — and this may be in the same position at any moment. Or there
may be some insignificant little company put between the property and the
real o\\Tiers, as in recent examples. Now then, the Harbour Commissioners
hold that this should be a Government work if at all, and that it should be
carried out in the interests of navigation. They hold also that there ought to
be a channel on the boundary line — the boundary channel which is to be enlarged
under the scheme, to be a thousand feet in width; and to carry off the St. Law-
rence through it, it will have to be some thirty feet deep. That ought to be
so laid out and made as to be an international navigable channel, and that at
least one lock should be in Canadian waters, or certainly on the line, and not
away south, out of the Canadian travel altogether. Of course there is no
objection to a lock on that side, certainly not; it would be all the better for
navigation interests, because I assume that both nations could use it, as at
Sault St. Marie. But surel}' there ought to be one on the Canadian side; we
hold to that; and for the very same reasons that the Canadian Government
felt impelled to build a lock on the Canadian side of the Soo, when there were
locks already on the American side of the Sault which were perfectly free to
us and could be used with everj' courtesy, and we had just as good rights and
just as good treatment as the l)oats of the American lines; yet the Canadian
Government felt impelled to build a lock on its o\\ii side, and to dredge approaches

1008 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

at great cost. The same policy should apply, surely, to the St. Lawrence
further down, where all the indications are that the trade will be enormous
within a very reasonable time. Then as to the water-powers, the Harbour
Commissioners are interested in that too, in the sense that any powers there
will be to the interest of all the surrounding country — Montreal to the east,
and further, and other toT^Tis along the St. LawTence to the west. These will
be promoters of trade and of the navigation interests of the whole neighbourhood.
The Harbour of Montreal, Montreal City, and through that the nation, are
immensely interested in the development of water-powers. They hold that
the energy to be developed from half the waters of the St. Lawrence should be
developed on the Canadian side, and wholly on the Canadian side; that it is
entirely unsafe and unwise to allow that to be taken over out of the country,
out of the control of Government, and put on the other side. The province
of Ontario has adopted the policy of putting the waters under the Hydro-
Electric Commission. Quebec is doing the same. The Dominion Govern-
ment has appointed a Commission on Conservation of Resources. Now,
obviously the resources of the St. Lawrence river are tremendous, and ought
to be so treated as to contribute in the very best and highest manner to the
prosperity of the country. We hold that it cannot be safely done by allowing
that power to be taken to the American side. The plan, so far as it can be
understood, provides that a large channel would be made on the north side,
and certain powerhouses built upon that; and we are told that only one-fifth
of the power is intended to be developed on Canadian soil. Now, the plan,
so far as can be judged, and without any very great difficulty, could be just
reversed, and the powerhouses put on the Canadian soil on the same channel;
and that should be done. Mr. Rickey says that there is not room to put them
between that and the Cornwall canal on the Canadian side. I think we have
some engineers that could solve that little problem of putting those power-
houses on our own side of the channel without any sort of difficulty at all.
(Hear, hear and applause.) There is just no sort of difficulty about that.
That is really a peculiar statement to make. So the Commissioners are in-
terested in that way, and they protest decidedly against the taking of the power
to the American side. So the Harbour Commissioners desire that the works
should be built bj' Government; that the navigation works should be under
absolute Canadian Government control; that there should be a channel and
lock on this side under such absolute control — I can hardly say how it could be
done, for we have no experience of any hinge of that kind, but the Government
has so uniformly kept all such works in its own hands that I cannot see any
other course in that respect; then, that the development of half of the St.
Lawrence, some 350,000 h.p. should be on our own side. As to the development
of the water-power, I imagine it would not be a charitable affair. We are told
that the estimate is some $24,000,000. Suppose prices rose and difficulties
occurred, and it came to $35,000,000. Ten per cent would pay interest on
that and something for water and maintenance; that is only $5 per horse-pcwer
for the water. It does not take very much more after that to put in turbines,
in a case like that, and distribute the power, so that it does not get anywhere
near $15 at all. It is a paying concern. (Laughter). The Government would
have its canals and improved navigation, and have something to the good
after paying for it, and it would yield a rental to the Ontario Government,
and the Ontario Government seems to be entitled to a yield of rental quite
as much as they get from Niagara Falls — and bj^ the waj'^, they ought to get
more, for it is a small rental there.

Chairman Gibbons: I am sure we are all very much delighted, both sides,
to hear from Mr. Kennedy. That is the kind of talk that the Commission

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION lOOa

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

would like to hear, getting to practical work. 1 just want to disabuse the minds
of Mr. Kennedy and the others. It has never been proposed that the Commission
should now approve of any plans. Those plans are not the subject of approval.
What we did think was that we would get suggestions at this meeting, and hear
from people like yourself as to whether it was possible to dam the St. Lawrence
without injuring the interests of navigation. The scheme, if any is approved
would be safe-guarded with respect to nearly all the matters that you have spoken
of, undoubtedly, by both Governments before it would be carried out. Cer-
tainlj- there would be no reason why our Government should not build locks,
but the lock that is proposed would be handed over immediatelj^ and become
the property of the American Government; it certainly would not be in private
hands. Nobody proposes that a lock on the St. Lawrence should be in the
private hands of any corporation,

Mr. Kennedy: We had to deal with the proposition as it stands. The-
proposition put before us is that it should not be handed over to the Governments
at all.

Chairman Gibbons: Oh, absolutely. That was always the proposition.
It becomes Government property immediately.

Mr. King: Would the Chairman indicate if he has in his mind what were
the proposed safe-guards to be put on the proposition before us, that one-half
of the power would remain Canadian?

Chairman Gibbons: I don't want to get into that general discussion.
I am not seeking to avoid it, but I don't think it wise to now discuss it. One of
the conditions agreed upon by the Commission is that one-half shall be reserved.
I am very glad to hear what Mr. Kennedy has had to saJ^ Certainly if one-half
of the power can be developed on the Canadian side, that is the way to do it.
I think the Commission will agree upon that. That is a matter that will be
dealt with later. The priiiciple has been agreed upon that one-half shall be
retained and applied for the benefit of Canada. The most eifectual way to
do that is to build a power-house on the Canadian side for one-half , undoubtedlj',
if that can be done. (Hear, hear.) Those are matters of detail. They are
not going to be surrendered by anything that is done here now, one way or the
other. The first point is, is it possible to dam the St. Lawrence without
injuring navigation at this point? We have not got to that suggestion at all.
The plans would have to be approved of by the Commission; they would have
to be approved of by both Governments ; and all the matters that Mr. Kennedy
has spoken of will have to be protected. It is not going to be done in a
day, or hurriedly, and we are very glad to have Mr. Kennedy's advice in the
matter.

Mr. Pringle: I understand Mr. Kennedy to say that this river can be
dammed wisely and safely. I would like to just know exactly what he means
by that because I understand that is really the question for the Commission
to consider — whether it can be done wisely and safely — and that is his language
on that point.

Mr. Kennedy: I think it can. The dams proposed are not excessively
high. There are other dams higher. They are very long, and taking the
scheme as a whole, it is larger than anything that has been done hitherto; but
there seems to be nothing in it that is at all impossible. It is on a great scale,
and it is one of those things that, when they pass beyond the limits of past
experience, are always a bit risky. There is some little danger of forgetting
something. We have horrible examples of that already not so far back, of just
forgetting something and making some little mistake. Then as to the stability
of the dams, why, that can be easily secured. Mention has been made of the

1010 DEPARTMEIXT QF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. iai3

possibility of their brealving loose. Well now, thej' ought to be so designed,
and I think thej' can be so designed, that they cannot break loose all at once.
They should not be a mere wall set up, just enough to hold, with stability enough
to hold the water, but there ought to be great abundance. We know from
recent history — instance San Francisco and Charleston and Kingston, Jamaica,
and shocks here — that we are liable to earthquake. Sir William Dawson told
us not long ago that we might e.xpect some earthquakes on this continent. Now,
I assume that dams can be made with such breadth of base that although it might
be somewhat damaged, seriously damaged, put out of business as a dam, that it
will not go all in one sweep and allow the water to go down. I do not quite
agree with my friend JNIr. Kelly that it would go just exactly as he thought it
would. He says that assuming the water should be suddenly .spread, say from
the dam to the lower end of Lake St. Francis, it would be so much thickness
but it cannot go that way. If the dam was swept out, it would go down in a great
wave. It alwaj's does. It goes dovm. in a great wave even on the St. Lawrence.
We had a case of the water being dammed up somewhere over twenty feet at
Montreal by the ice some few springs ago. It broke suddenly, and there was
a great wave swept away down to Sorel, sweeping the ice ahead of it, and It
went as a wave, not as a spread-out volume, merelj' raising the level a little.
It would go in great volume, and as a great wave sweeping devastation along
the banks. But that could be avoided. I assume that the dams can be quite
safely made, and that the scheme can be so made as to be a benefit to navigation.
Whether it is done this waj' or not is another question.

Chairman Gibbons: INIr. Kennedj', I suppose that necessarily must be
left to the engineers of tiie two Governments. These details would have to
be worked out with great care, and we are so advised — that the engineers of
both Governments would have to be consulted in the working out of these
details; the Commission possiblj' as well, but certainly the engineers of both
countries.

Mr. Kennedy: Yes, Mr. Chairman, but it seems to me that that is
something of such tremendous magnitude, and something so outside ordinary
practice, that the character of the scheme is fundamental. It is the essence
of the matter, and it ought not to be left until last. There ought to be a well-
thoughtout scheme, a well-developed scheme,; and in asking for powers to
dam the St. Lawrence they ought to say : 'We want to do thus and so,' and
the Government engineers ought to get together and advise, and not that the
promoters should say : 'We want to dam the St. Lawrence somehow, and we
will do it as we like, and get a charter and hold it up. ' We were told yesterday
that the first step in this matter is to dam the South channel; then the next
step is to make a long dam between Long Sault island and Barnharts; and the
third step would be the north sliore. I don't quite understand how it M'ould
work that way, but tliat is what we are told, and that the first development
would last for a long time, and that the final development oi; the north shore
would be a matter for our grandchildren. (A voice: 'Oh no'.) That is what
we were told yesterday, sure. (A voice: 'No sir'.) We were told that yester-
day.

Chairman Gibbons: Please don't interrupt, let Mr. Kennedy get through.

Mr. Kennedy: Well, now, that charter would be there long before our
grandchildren came into existence, and the navigation improvement of the
St. Lawrence on a great scale will be in hand, and that company will have a
charter and development works. Surely that is not wise. The interests of the
country should not be put in that way. It is excellently set forth in the protest
of the Conservation Commission j'esterday, and I am sure the Harbour Commis-

INTERNATIOXM, 111 T/vff IIM I'.S eOMMISSION . lOH

SESSIONAL PAPER No. I1'9a

sion will join in thai, for it was an exccllont synopsis of what niay be saitl against
the' scheme.

Chairman Gibbons: The Act is not to incorporate any company to carry
out the work in the way that is suggested here. It is merely to authorize them
to carry it out in such a way as shall be authorized by the two Governments
upon the report of their engineers.

Mr. King: Is that an Act of Congress"?
Chairman Gibbons: Yes, an Act of Congress.
Mr. Pringle : And approved by the Commission?

Chairman Gibbons: We are going to suggest that that be approved by
the Commission. That is not in the Act, which says 'approved with the consent
of the proper authorities.' I may just say to Mr. Kennedy also that it is not
proposed to authorize in the Act of Congress anything that is to be done for
the grandchildren. The proposal in the Act is, 'the actual construction of the
works hereby authorized shall be commenced within one year and be completed
within fifteen years.'

Mr. Kennedy: There is nothing of that kind in the Canadian application.

Chairman Gibbons: Well, there will be.

Mr. Kennedy; Then, Mr. Chairman, the maintenance of the work is a
tremendous matter. You see, these dams have to be kept intact all the time.
The water has to be regulated in the right waj^, and the dams have to be kept
intact. It is to go on not for a short time or a generation, but it is supposed
to go on for centuries, for ought we know^ for an indefinite length of time
anyway. Now, the whole navigation of the St. Lawrence, the whole navigation
interests of the country and of the two countries would be dependent on the skill
and vigilance and goocl behaviour of that company; and we don't know what that
company would do in a short time. I have in mind a water-power affair quite
lately where dams were intended to be kept up, and they were not kept up,
and there was trouble about them, and lawsuits and arbitrations and all sorts
of such things; and any engineer in that sort of practice can tell such cases
to mind. We don't know. We are told these are on the ledge-rock, and that
is good; but dams do go out. It is not long since a dam right on the solid rock
went away in two places, first one and then the other, and did great damage;
and in that case the slipping out of a piece of bank on the Cornwall canal was
nothing at all to it.

Chairman Gibbons: Mr. Kennedy, just allow me. These things have
to be done all over the continent, and in the United States they have a special
Act dealing with just such matters, giving the Secretary of War, who represents
navigation, absolute authority to protect the public interest; and I suppose
we must assume that the Governments of each country will do their duty. We
certainly would recommend that similar powers be given on the Canadian side.
It is not being left to the public or to the Harbour Commissioners of Montreal
or to anybody else. It must be regulated by the properly constituted authorities
who are governing this country; and all those protections will be made. This
Commission are not foolish enough to recommend that any private company
be permitted to erect dams without proper protection of navigation interests
such as arc found by experience to be necessary.

Mr. Kennedy : What I was coming at was that the public bodies will feel
a great deal more safe to be in the hands of Government direct. (Applause),

Chairman Gibbons: I see the point; I agree with you there.

lOia DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

ISIr. King: INIr. Chairman and gentlemen of the Commission, if I maj- be
allowed to quote a few words of the Chairman yesterday, it is a very easj^ thing
to give judgment without the facts; and if I may be allowed to turn that, it
is a much more difficult thing to attempt to state a case or make an argument
without the facts. Now, we came to this meeting, the Dominion ISIarine Asso-
ciation, representing practically all the vessels between Montreal and Port
Arthur on the Canadian side, prepared to discuss certain plans which we thought
would be laid before us in the fullest and most absolute detail. I referred to
that matter yesterdaj', and perhaps should not go over it again. That is what
we understood as the result of the last meeting of the Commission, and we came
here prepared simplj^ to hear that discussion perhaps to go away with that
information, and to come back again. The whole scope of the inquiry now
has been changed, and perhaps has been more definitely changed — to my mind
anjTvay — by the remarks that were made from the chair ^s-ithin the last few
minutes. We are told that the intention to-day is simply to decide one question
whether these works are feasible and practicable without interference with na-
vigation interests. Now, we all know —

Chairman Gibbons: Under any plan.

IMr. King: Under any plan. It is a verj^ general question we have today,
and my heart has been very much cheered by the suggestion [from the chair
that possibly these plans, when they are finally put in some definite shape,
will be passed upon bj' the Commission; because possibly at that time the
Commission ^sall see fit once more to consult navigation interests. (Hear, hear).

Chairman Gibbons: Certainl}', certainly.

Mr. King: And if that is so I need take up very little time.

Chairman Gibbons: You quite understand the situation.

Mr. King : I know we are delighted to have that assurance because it has
put us firmly where we wish to be. Just a word before I sit down. There js
a divergence of opinion in our association, but that divergence does not neces-
sarily make anj- difference at all in regard to the general principles upon which
we are working. Certain lines interested in the carriage of package freight are,
to a certain extent quite properly, in favour of the improvement because they
think that it will shorten the time of navigation, this difficult point in the St.
Lawrence. (Hear, hear). For instance, the letter of IMessrs. J. W. Norcross
& Co. is written by a firm which has nothing whatever to do with the navigation
of vessels up and down the St. Lawrence. They provide the westbound freight
for the vessels mentioned bj' my friend Mr. McCarthy which navigate the St.
Lawrence. But approval of the improvement is all subject to the condition
as to how it is to be done and the safe-guards which are to be provided. Possibly
we can defer that whole question. We have felt from the beginning that that
was the main difficulty. When the proposal was first made that the St. Law-
rence should be dammed from bank to bank, the resolutions which we and
other bodies sent in speak for themselves. To quote the chairman again,
resolutions are not of much avail, and we have dropped the resolution part of
it, although I have one in my hand which I must present before I sit down
(Laughter). It is not from our association, but was handed to us by a friend
who left the room. We followed the plan of resolutions for some time because
we feared the whole proposal veiy much. We were looking for information,
and we wanted to delay the whole thing till we knew where we were. The
information we have not got yet. We refused the proposal, as Mr. Wright
pointed out this morning, that we should entrust our case to engineers — although
we would not have to pay the engineers, that was not the question — and run
the risk of having them say, 'Oh, that is all right; that won't interfere with

I

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1013

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

navigation interests'; and we would be out of court. What we wanted from
the beginning, what we want now, is to know in the fullest detail what is pro-
posed, and be able to take our own engineer and our own navigators and have
our own little session and go into it and come back to you with reasonable sug-
gestions from the point of view of navigators as well as from the point of view
of engineers without being bound to the whole case. It is not for me, as repre^
senting the Marine Association, to protest as a Canadian against handing over
to a private corporation of powers and franchises which we believe ought to be
saved for the public of Canada and of the United States. That is a question
that will be debated, perhaps by other representatives. But as representing
marine interests I do feel it my duty to say that we do not think it is right that
a development scheme should be put before the Commission for the purpose
of developing power, with navigation interests tagged on, to be protected as best
may be. We think the development of the navigation interests to be of primary
importance, and they ought to be looked upon throughout the whole construction
in that way; and that the scheme, if it was for the purpose of improving navigation
interests, and incidentally developing power, would be one that we could not
possibly question for a moment. We do object because it is an effort to develop
power, and incidentally to protect us. We say that the cart is before the horse
entirely. Now, the Richelieu and Ontario Company of course have very, very
serious objections. I do not propose to go into them, because they will be
represented individually. Mr. Calvin's interests have disappeared from the
discussion for the time being. As to the freighters, we would consider the
suggestions reasonable if all these conditions and qualifications are looked after,
but we don't know them at present, and the matter simply stands in that way,
and we hope to come back before the Commission at a later date to see the
plans. Then as to this resolution I have, I did not intend to throw any doubt
upon the propriety of the resolution or the words expressed here, because I
agree with it myself personally. Mr. W. F. Nickle, the member for Kingston,
was just called away to the House, and had been asked by the Kingston Board
of Trade to present this resolution, and asked me to do it for him: —

Jas. Richardson & Sons, Limited,

Grain and Commission Merchants.

Kingston, Ont., Feb. 6., 1910.
To whom it may concern: —

Resolved by the Kingston Board of Trade that a dam across the Long
Sault would be very detrimental to the navigation of the St. Lawrence river as
it is impossible to tell how the currents would be changed by a dam of the nature
that it is proposed to erect.

Furthermore, the Board of Trade of this city protests against the water-
power now owned by the country, passing over the ownership of private corpora-
tions, that these powers should be conserved for the use of the people in the
future, that we have no right to give away the heritage of those who will come after
us, although at the present monent we have in that vicinity a surplus of power,
which does not mean that we will have a surplus of power a few years hence.
Besides, if cheap power could be obtained, there is no reason why electricity
could not be used for heating, and for smelting, as well as for power propositions.

These things will likely come about, therefore it is to the interest of our

1014 DEPARTMESr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

country that this power should not be given away to anj^ private corporations,
and "we protest against same strongly.

(Signed) Kingston Board of Trade.
James Richardson,

President.

Chairman Gibbons: I do not want to repeat again, but I want it distinctly
understood — Mr. King does understand the situation — that it is not proposed ta
finally deal at all at present with any particular set of plans or propositions. It
is proposed bj' this Commission that if it is thought feasible, that if it is possible
to develop power as well as preserve the interest of navigation, any plan to carry
these out should be again submitted to the Commission, and should be subject
to the criticism of the public interested, and should further have the approval
of the engineers of both Governments. As to the other point that is raised
as to whether a private corporation or the public should deal with these matters,
that is not a matter that can be dealt with by the Commission. Personally I
think these should all belong to the country and should be preserved for them;
but that is not the business of this International Commission. We are dealing only
Mith the international question. You can all understand that the American
members of this Commission have xery little interest on the question as to whether
the power can be brought from Niagara to Cornwall or not, and on the other
questions that were discussed yesterday in connection with the Hydro-Electric
Commission, I think it would be better if we would stick to the broad question,
for even if power can be brought from Niagara Falls to Cornwall, that is no reason
why the Americans should not deliver power on their side.

George H. Watson: K.C: I\Ir. Chairman and Gentlemen, I have been
requested to appear with some other gentlemen to represent a somewhat different
class of interests than those who have already appeared and spoken. I refer to
the municipalities which are or ^\'ill be affected, and which are adjoining aud
alongside the river, particularly to the municipality or to^\ii of Morrisburg and
the adjoining municipality of Williamsburg, and other adjoining municipalities
having a verj' considerable frontage on the river.

Mr. IMcCarthy: Who are the other municipalities?

Mr. Watson: Particularly I represent Morrisburg and Williamsburg, Ma-
thilda and Canabruck. Now, Mr. Chairman, it is felt, and verj^ seriously too,
by those whom I represent, that this scheme which has been proposed and is
under consideration by you is not a feasible one and should not have you appro-
val. The municipalities, as such, are very much interested and seriously affected.
These particular localities and sections were perhaps the first in the province,
or amongst the first in the province, to be occupied and settled, and then by a
class of people whom we will always all of us revere and respect and these are their
descendants, having what they think are their vested rights and interests, in
property particularly; and it is deemed by them that this scheme or commercial
proposal ■nail very seriousl.v interfere with their vested rights in interest in pro-
perty. A few of the circumstances and conditions make it reasonably manifest
I think that they will be interfered with in material respects.

In the first place, a distance of about 153^ miles, that is from Morrisburg to
the west end of the Cornwall canal, there is a fall of about ten to lOJ^ feet. That
is sufficient, and no more than sufficient, in the best conditions to maintain the
current which will keep open the rivers, the waters. This scheme or proposal
is intended, if put into effect, to interfere with that current. Now, it is a further
circumstance that in this vicinitj' there are manj'^ narrow points in the river.

1\TI:RXATI(>\AI. waterways commission 1015

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

I need not mention them particularly because you are all so familiar with them;
but they are in this immediate vicinity, the narrowest point in the river being
near and a little bit above the town of Morrisburg, perhaps a few miles. Now,
it is apparent that this commercial scheme or proposal to dam the waters of thi.s
river by the construction of a dam practicall}' from shore to shore of the river,
and at a height, it is said, from 45 to 50 feet, will materially obstruct the flow of
the river and change the water conditions as they exist in that river. Inevitably
the water must be dammed back, and those whom I represent feel that the
inevitable eifect will be that it will be dammed back necessarily upon their pro-
perty and their interests adjoining this river. Now, that is the strongest possiljle
reason, I think, and from the widest and broadest aspect of this case, why the
project should not be deemed to be a feasible one. If it is going to injure or
destroy or interfere with the vested property rights and interests of a large section
of this communitj', then it ought not to be put in force and effect unless for other
far-reaching and more important reasons it should prevail. They should not
be called upon to sacrifice or to be endangered in their position unless it is a matter
of actual necessity — such necessity as it is deemed may not be said at all to arise
out of a commercial proposal, that is, a commercial proposal promoted by indivi-
duals for profit or gain to themselves. That is the position. Now, have in mind,
Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, further if you please, that the town of Morrisburg
has its leases from the Government of Canada for the purpose of its own local
franchises. It has a right to the exercise of these. Amongst others, its water
works, built at consideral>le expense for a municipality such as that, .$55 or §45
— no small sum for them; its electric light works — another sum equal to that;
and then its electric power, perhaps $100,000, a large expenditure from a muni-
cipal standpoint apart from individual or company or partnership interests,
and those are very considerable for that place. Now, heretofore, on at least
three occasions there has been a flooding of the lands adjoining by reason of
the raising of the waters of the river, and serious damage has been suffered on
some of these occasions, so that even now as matters stand they are face to
face with some dangers. The moment that the proposition is put into effect of
constructing and maintaining a dam within a short range of these conditions, to
the height of 45 feet, then it is not merely probable but almost certain that sooner
or later, and perhaps often, too, they will be flooded and wiped out, and great
damage and great loss Avill ensue. Now, what is to be their indemnity? AVhy
should they be put in that extraordinary position? They are not to be ignored.
They stand on the highest ground for consideration by your Commission. Of
course it may be conceived that in the case of undertakings by the Government of
the United States and by the Government of Canada for national purposes of
either country or both, some sacrifices they might be called upon to bear, with
sufficient protection and indemnity afforded to them. That, however, is not
the present proposition. We are here face to face merely with a commercial
scheme or proposal for benefit or for gain, and nothing more and nothing less than
that. It is, therefore, sought now not merely to endanger and probably to divert
our vested rights and interests of long standing in the country, but in addition
its is proposed by this scheme, I think, to vest, not in the Government or
Governments but in individuals, the vested rights and property rights and in-
terests in the waters and in the earthen soil of this great international high- way
between the two countries. Now, we all recollect that under the terms of the
Webster-Ashburton treaty the waters of all those international high-waj-s are
expresslj^ and for all time made and to be maintained free and open for the use
of the citizens of both countries. This proposition is a subversion of the most
material term and condition of the Webster-Ashburton treaty, because it takes
or will take from the rights of the citizens of these countries and will vest pi-o-
perty rights and interests, inconsistent with those, in individuals forming and

I

1016 • DEPARTUEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

maintaining a commercial corporation. This, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen,
is I think a most pertenant and material proposition, going to the feasibility or
non-feasibility of the whole scheme. Now, then, if it was proposed to the citizens
of Canada, to the Parliament of this countrj^ by gentlemen however high in
repute and reputation financially and otherwise, that Parliament and Government
should give over its rights and interests and control to a body of Canadian citizens,
giving them vested rights and interests in this river and its soil — not merely
that, but gi\ang them actual possession and control of those rights and of the
waters — it will hardly be that it would be entertained as a serious proposition
by our Government or bj' our Parliament. Now, it may be that the Legislature
of the State of New York and the Congress of the United States might regard
the matter differently; that they might be disposed even to entertain a similar
appl cation to their Legislature and their Congress by Canadian citizens— to
give over to a new corporation of individuals, foreigners — let me so speak for
the purpose of illustratron — the control and the possession of their rights and
interests in the river. If they would be very generously disposed they might
possibly do so. But with us it is even a more serious proposition, I think, than
it would be with them, for the reason that we are now called upon to answer the
proposition that those rights should be given over to American citizens, who
for the most part are the promoters and petitioners for this enterprise, and
whose plant will be, for the most part, on the American side. Their interests
will all be pro- American; they would control it absolutely from the American
side, even although subject to joint legislation between the two countries for
cprporate purposes. The capital is intended to come from there; the property
and assets are to be distributed there; the power goes there, and ■will be distri-
buted there through New York State and through adjoining states. In that
respect vested rights and interests immediately arise, not only in connection
with that and the contracts which would be made bj^ this companjr — contracts
which would lead on probably for a term of years and which they would be
under obligation to fulfil, and which the grant by Parliament of the franchise
would put the Government under obligation to fulfil. So that the decision
carries ^^-ith it continuous rights which cannot be overborne or broken. Not
only that. See another element of understood rights and interests. This
company of immense proposed capital necessarily for its operation commences
bj' the issue and flotation of its bonds and securing capital of other residents
and citizens. Vested interests occur at every possible point, not merely by
arising out of contracts, but arising out of those flotations and investments in
the bonds and securities, and in addition arising out of investment for manufac-
turing purposes. So that once done, once this is granted, it may never be re-
called. Once possession is yielded, then possession and control of the waters of
this river are forever gone not only from the Canadiaii Government but from the
Government of the United States, and are vested in special corporate interests
and in special and individual interest. It seems to me this proposition cannot
well be said to be feasible at the suggestion of individuals working for profit
and for gain. The answer that was suggested in the first place was the necessity
for power, the demand and the supply of power. Mr. Chairman, j'ou and the
other gentlemen of the Commission must have been very greatly impressed
with the frank statements by Mr. Beck on behalf of the Hj-dro-Electric Com-
mission, on behalf of himself and the Provincial Government, stating that they
were prepared to supply all the requirements and demands of every community
in the province. That is far-reaching, and as I submit, from the power stand-
point is unanswerable; and it comes from the highest provincial authority on
the subject. Then, again, every one must have been verj' greatly impressed
■with the forcible and concisely ttated \dews of the Conservation Commission
presented through the Chairman, Mr. Sifton. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen,
I submit that having regard to those conditions and to these various grounds

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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 'ISa

and reasons, tb.at this commercial proposition as now projjosed is not fitting or
fair or feasible.

Mr. Lafleur: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, as I told you yesterday, I
appear on behalf of the Montreal Board of Trade, and represent no private in-
terests at all. We are guided simply by a desire to protect the commercial
interests of the community, and the moment we are convinced that they are
not jeopardized our task will be done. After the repeated assurances that have
fallen from 3'our lips to-day that this project, which we regard as unfinished,
inchoate at the present moment, will when it has reached a proper degree of
perfection be re-submitted to this Commission, and that we shall have an oppor-
tunity of discussing it and of ascertaining whether it really meets the require-
ments of the case, it would be inexpedient for me to address you on what I
suppose is the main question to-day, that is, whether this scheme as propounded
interferes or is likely to interfere with the navigation of the St. Lawrence river.
You must not be surprised or take it amiss that we, uninformed, uninstructed
as to what was really intended to be clone, should have come here in the position
of objecters to the scheme. The burden of proof was surely on those propound-
ing the scheme, to have all the information ready for your Commission, and
not only for you, but I submit for the general public whose interests are at stake.
It was their duty to have all this material ready for consideration before they
asked for the adoption of the scheme. I think you must have been impressed
by what Mr. Kennedy said a moment ago — and he is a very high authority
on the subject — that although there may be some details which can be attended
to at a later stage, some of those details maj' prove to be fundamental, and it
may be that the scheme as ultimately propounded to you, and as expressed in
plans and specifications, will present such dangers as might induce you to report
unfavourably to the scheme. That is why we desire to reserve what we have
to say until a later date, until those on whom is undoubtedly the burden of
making their case may be ready with the proper material and information.
My learned friend Mr. McCarthy, treated the matter as so clear, so simple, so
obvious that nothing was to be said on the other side. Now, what strikes me,
Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, is this: if the thing is so simple, if it is so obvious,
from the engineering point of view, why all this mystery? Why are the plans
which M'ere promised a year ago last November, not forthcoming? What is
the meaning of this extraordinary secrecy which is maintained up to the very
moment when the scheme is presented for final consideration? That is a thing
which reasonably excited our suspicion, and we cannot conceive for a moment
that those who are promoting the scheme, should ask you to give your judg-
ment upon the matter until they have aiforded not only yourselves but the
general public the opportunity of criticizing their scheme. Now, that is all
I have to say on that branch of the case at the present moment. I am quite
conscious of the fact that you do not care to hear from counsel so much as
frorn experts; and it was because I desired to be able to furnish you with expert
testimony that I informed you that under the present circumstances, and with
the lack of information which existed, it was impossible for us to offer anj'
assistance to you. The evidence which Mr. Kennedy gave to-day is precisely
the kind of evidence which we desire to have to submit for your information.
It is that kind of intelligent expert evidence that I think should be weighed
carefully by your Commission. It is not an ex parte statement o f the engineers
for the promoters unsupported by any reasoned opinion; because I listened
with some surprise to the vague generalities which were enunciated by those
for whom I have the highest respect — and I have had them examined as experts,
and have had them on my side and against me — but never in my life have I
heard such vague generalities as fell from their lips — absolutelv nothing that
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1018 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

could be examined on. Now, I am further impressed, and my clients instruct
me to present to your consideration another view which was enunciated by
Mr. Kennedy to-day, and that is, whether in making up your minds whether
you shall recommend this scheme to the Government in some form or other
you should not consider that the proper development of the St. LawTence navi-
gation through a system of enlarged canals should not be taken in hand by the
Government — (Hear, hear) — rather than to allow power schemes to be first
placed so as to obstruct the river and impede the action of the Government
in the navigation schemes later on. (Hear, hear.) Now, I understood from
a remark made by the Chairman a moment ago that this was beyond the province
of this Commission. You have considered it sufficiently within your province
to make provisions — •

Chairman Gibbons: I did not speak about that; I did not so understand
it.

Mr. Lafleur: I am glad if I am mistaken, because it seems to me that this is
germane to the object you were going to recommend to the Government, and your
recommendation of course will have enormous weight on the technical question.
You are going to recommend to the Government that this scheme is feasible
or is not feasible, and that it should be carried out on certain lines
approved by you. Now, if it be true, as we are told, that the Government
has in view the enlargement of the canals on a considerable scale, if it be true,
as Mr. Kennedy says, that the proper way is to encourage this enlargement
of the canals and the damming of the river for navigation purposes, and inci-
dentally to develop power, it follows as a matter of course that all this work
should be under Government control, should be Government work. It is
impossible to separate the two questions, and I would ask you to give that
matter j'our most serious consideration in the recommendations which you are
about to make. I was very much impressed with what Mr. Kennedy said
upon the subject; and it is entirely in accordance with the views which my
clients have instructed me to present to j^ou.

Mr. Cumberl.\nd: Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the Board of Trade of
the city of Toronto we are very glad indeed to follow in the lines of the Board
of Trade of Montreal in thinking that every use that is possible should be made
in these river lines of communication for the advantage of all the people, and
the trade of our two countries. I understood you to say a few minutes ago,
sir, that this meeting was not for the purpose of considering any particular
plans or propositions, and I also understood that it might be considered within
your powers to make some reference upon the general proposition of the possi-
bilit}^ of the river being used — I am rather enlarging upon your words — at all
events being use for development purposes; it was within your power to
advise the Government as to whether it might be done on a government basis.

Chairman Gibbons: Well, hardly; no. I said that was a matter for
Government policy, but not for us.

Mr. Cumberland: Well, at all events -you asked for information upon
the general principle, that you could report upon the general principle without
being bound as to whether it should be a development by a company or by a
Government. Then I would ask xmder those circumstances that it would be
quite understood that the notices of this meeting should not be considered as
binding upon any-one, because the notice of this meeting calls it not for the
general purposes but for a particular purpose — for the particular purpose of
considering the development of power at the Long Sault rapids bj' the Long
Sault Development Companj' of New York and the St. Lawrence Power Com-
pany of Ontario. I understand, therefore, that that definition of the single

IXTERNATIONAV WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1019

SESSIONAL PAPER No. '19a

purpose of this meeting has to be construed to be that we are discussing the
general proposition and the general possibilities, not the particular plans. I
am glad of it, because we did not have that before us, and that was one of the
main points that the Board of Trade of Toronto raised. I will then proceed
to speak upon the subject on general principles, not solely as a member of the
Board of Trade, but one as having had rather a long life of association with
navigation. I understand the general principle is that the developments are
to be subject to the rights of navigation. Tersely, this is a navigable river.
It has its whole flow eastward. Its capacity for being used eastwards is admitted ;
I need not go into details. Westwards there seems to have been an impression
that it was of no use and never had been used. On the contrary, the whole
of the central sections of the United States and the whole of Upper Canada
was at one time dependent upon that river for the interchange of its trade,
and the internal trade of the districts on both sides of the lakes above these
Long Sault rapids was carried up by bateaux through that river. It was
at that time a navigable river, used for navigable purposes, as a means of com-
munication for the trade of the two countries. I hold, therefore, that the rights
of navigation are distinct both eastwards and westwards. And if we are going
to deal with the future centuries in respect to this river it is not unfair that we
should look backwards for 60 or 70 years when this river was used upwards
for navigable purposes. I take it, then, sir, that the desire of your Commission
is to see how far any division of the flow of water upon this international stream
can be made so as to permit of development possibilities on each side of this
international river, subject to the interests of navigation. There is no other
instance that I know of in which you have dealt at all differently. Take, for
instance, at the Sault Ste. Marie. There you have divided the flow of water
correctly between the two sides of the channel, subject to the right of navi-
gation. I hold, therefore, that the rights of these two countries to navigation
upon that river are inalienable, and can only be dealt with for the purposes of
development subject to the rights of navigation. I will come to another point.
It divides itself practically into the use of navigation for the two classes —
passenger and freight trade. Take it first on passenger and tourist rights in
the Long Sault rapids. These are spread far wider than has hitherto been
brought before this Commission. These rap.ds are one of the wonders of the
world. The Long Sault rapids are as truly one of the wonders of the world as
are the Niagara Falls. There are no rapids in the world like them. There
is no rapid in this world where a large-sized steamer can go down their billowing
waters, and under careful direction give the people an instance of the mighty
power of a mighty river, as is given in the Sault rapids. They are incomparable;
they are unequalled. Now, this is one of the marvels of nature. The propo-
sition is that it shall be destroyed; that it shall be absolutely wiped off the face
of earth, or of water. I hold, sir, that your Commission is not likely, from
your past actions, to recommend such a proposal without very considerable
deliberation. What are the rights that you are to consider? They are not
the rights of one single company; they are the rights of the travelling public —
people that come from other lands as well as this. And I want to submit to
you that they are the rights of the City of Toronto, of Buffalo, of Niagara Falls,
of every city along the line of the northern tourist route that is interested in
the passage and accumulation of passengers and tourist people through their
district. There is not any one in Buffalo, Niagara Falls or Toronto who is
interested in any way by the incoming and outgoing of any tourist who has
not to come under your consideration as having a vested right in these rapids.
Now, we have seen what can be done with that business if we look back but
a few years when tourists on that route were served very differently from what
they are now; when we see the constant increase, the strenuous effort on the
part of the navigation companies who are developing that line of tourist travel
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1020 DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

to keep up with the constant increase of people from all parts of the United
States ancl the world who are seeking the St. LawTcnce river. What will it be
fifty or a hundred years hence if you are to destroy one of the wonders of nature?
Supposing it were said from a commercial point of view: 'There is a great
deal of water going to waste over Niagara Falls; it would be much more profit-
able that we should shut up the Niagara Falls and take all the water and give
it into the hands of developing companies on either side.' That would be a
practical proposition. You could do it, but j^ou would not. Why? Simply
from the interest of the travelling people ancl our own people who go to see
the scenic grandeur which the Almighty gave and which we allow to have kept.
I beheve, sir, that the Sault rapids stand exactly in the same position as the
Niagara Falls. You may take certain portions out of them and develop
them, but in the face of public opinion you cannot destroy them. Then as to
the subject of Canadian vessels and Canadian trade, I submit that there are
larger principles involved than have yet been spoken of. It is proposed that
this canal should be entirely upon the American side. I am very glad indeed
to hear from Mr. Kennedy that it might also be possible — because engineers,
ever since they constructed the Tower of Babel, have come to the conclusion
that if you give them money enough —

Chairman Gibbons : That is not a detail agreed upon at all — that it should
be entirely on the American side. There are suggestions that there should be
a lock on the Canadian side. I mean that those are details that perhaps we
had better not discuss.

Mr. Cumberland: I understood we are discussing the question as to
whether it was to be on the American side, and it was said to be on the American
side, and the letters that were presented from these various companies deal
^\^th it as a lock on the American side, and I claim that that is before this Com-
mission at the present time from those letters that have been already presented.
Now I want to give the reason why. Those letters state that an offer has been
made to those various transportation and freighting companies, and their
approval has been obtained, for a lock to be placed upon the American side.
That stands unquestionably before us at this present time. Now, they have
been promised full use, and in consideration of being given full use they have
modified their acceptance, as Mr. Kennedy has pointed out, with one or two
'ifs' in it. A full use for how long? For to-day or for ever? A promise of
full use given by whom? Bj- a private company, and only by a private com-
pany.

Chairman Gibbons: I do not want to interrupt, but any locks will be
handed over absolutely to the respective governments, not to be kept in private
hands at all. Under no scheme that will be approved by this Commission
vAW any locks be held by anybody privately.

Mr. Cumberland: I am very glad to hear that; but before an absolute
consent is given to the movement of the water for that purpose to that side,
there is something more required. It is a good thing to say that full use should
be given. Now, I hope my American friends upon the Commission will forgive
me if I saj', as a navigation man, that the offer of the use of the lock is not the
dominant question. The ability to use it, the permission to use it, is very much
more important. You might offer it, and say, ' You can use it, ' but some person
also might step in and say, 'You shan't.' Now, may I recall some of the past
of navigation — doing it in this way only to say that we have learned to smile
at it and to be pleased with it and to forget it, except as a lesson to be learned
in any agreements that we maj^ make with respect to the future. In 1870 the
only canal was at the Soo. AVe had a little trouble up in the northwest, when

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1021

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Lord Wolselcy and Irs men desired to go there. We loaded them on the steamers
at Sarnia and CoUingwood and took them up to the Soo, and we were not per-
mitted to take them through the canal. Passage through the canal was refused to
us, not only to the men, but whatever they wanted to eat or drink or sleep or live
with. We had to slip another steamer through the Soo canal up at the upper
end of the canal, at a place called Pointe aux Pins, and with that canal lying
empty on the American side we had to transfer all our men, our baggage, our
munitions, our food, across from Sault Ste. iNIarie up to Pointe aux Pins and
load it on another steamer. It did not last long. What was our answer? We
built our own canal ; and we have given the use of that canal for ever, without
any objection, to our American friends. I will give another instance. In
1872, under the Washington Treaty, it was promised that the canals on both
sides were to be used on equal terms by the citizens of both nationalities. Has
any Canadian vessel gone down the Erie Canal yet? No; never been allowed
to, because the State of New York — this state in which this proposed canal
would be — has never given permission to any Canadian vessels to use the New
York canal.

Commissioner Clinton: Permit me to interrupt you. There is absolutely
no bar to vessels capable of naxigating that canal, whether Canadian or American,
as they are at liberty to use it all the time without paying toll.

Mr. Cumberland : I hope that when the enlargement of the canal comes,
so that the larger vessels can go do\\Ti, I sincerely trust that our American friends
will take a larger view of the proposition.

Commissioner Clinton: I beg your pardon. We never have presented
any obstacles whatever to the use of that canal by Canadian vessels. But you
speak of vessels; the canal is adapted only to canal barges drawing 7 feet of
waiei.

Mr. Cumberland: Quite true; I knew. [Would you allow me to ask whether
a Canadian barge can go down the Whitehall Canal in the State of New York?

Commissioner Clinton: That is a proposition vnth which I am not
acquainted.

Ml. Cumberland: The use of the Canadian canals was given; the use
of the New York canals was not given. I will give another illustration. Under
an arrangement made in 1872 a Canadian barge loading at Ottawa witi lumber
can proceed to the boundary, but no farther. She must unload there and go
back again. She cannot cross the boundary through the Whitehall canal and
carry her cargo. An American baige can leave Albany, go up to Ottawa, load
with Canadian lumber, go back through the Canadian canal and back through
the American canal. We give the American barge the full use of our canals
but the State of New York does not give the Canadians the full use of the White-
hall canal. I only mention these as being excellent illustrations. Now, in
1888 — I think I am right in the date — Canada was taking tolls upon the Welland
canal ; the same right of usage, the same rate of toll paid both by Canadian and by
American vessels. We conceived it for the interests of our port at Montreal
that it might be desirable that when grain was going through in export from
Montreal, carried from Lake Erie in an American vessel or in a Canadian vessel,
no matter which, that if it was exported from Montreal it should have a lebate
of the tolls paid through the canal at Welland. That is a fair proposition.
Unfortunately it turned out that it was not so considered by some other people,
and the State of Michigan put on a toll on the Sault Ste. Marie canal, and all
Canadian vessels, which had previously passed through free and upon exactly
the same terms as the American vessels, had to pay tolls during that season.
Now, I mention these, sir, only as things which I say are to be taken into consider-

1022 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

ation before an offer or a promise is given of a free use. They must be settled
so that there shall be unquestionably the privilege for all time. In those times I
have referred to we were looked upon as back-woods voyageurs, but with the
better relations and the greater friendhness that has grown up between Canada
and the United States I believe that arrangements could and would be made
between the two governments so that a certainty could be arrived at upon the
rights of navigation; but not through the medium of a private company. This
private company that offers all those rights to these gentlemen who say they
accept them, they cannot deliver the goods. They may say 'You may use
them, ' but they cannot give them the rights of using them, which is the govern-
ment's only. Therefore, it is a proposition which begins not with private com-
panies, but begins with governments. So much, then, for the freighting. The
Commission may say how much water may be diverted for the purpose of these
canals, but they cannot in any way give a certainty of the continuation of their
use. AVith respect to the electrical energy, I think we may take it from the
proposition that we have seen before us, that the main object is the electrical
energy, as Mr. Kennedy very properlj' put it, and the canal proposition thrown
in, that is the real basis of it. And I do not wonder at it when we consider that
it has been said by the engineers that 600,000 h. p. can be developed in this
proposition. I do not wonder at those who are seeking for such opportunities
of clevelopment and striving with every endeavour to obtain it. It is a larger
proposition than Niagara Falls. I am told that the total output of Niagara
Falls is 450,000, which is only a small thing in comparison with the Long Sault.
The Niagara Falls is only two-thirds the size of it. No wonder attention is
given to it, and no wonder that there is such energy exercised in trjdng to obtain
it.

Chairman Gibbons: I would just like to ask a question, and get to a point.
Do you think that if 600,000 h. p. can be developed -without injury to navigation,
it ought to be done? Or should it remain idle?

Mr. Cumberland : Are you asking me the question?

Chairman Gibbons: Yes.

Mr. Cumberland: I say, subject to the rights of navigation you can raise
as much as possible — subject to the rights of navigation. I did not say 600,000,
but the proposition is that they can maintain 600,000; and this is all on the
American side. There is a little bit of it, somewhere about 100,000, on the
Canadian side, with another step — to put in a canal and a minor power house.
But I am glad indeed to think that there are possibilities of creation of power
in that neighbourhood ; and those private companies say — and evidently Brock-
ville and Cornwall have been very much affected by it — 'We will give you all
we want; we will give you all the electrical power that you want.' Can they?
They cannot. Who saj's so? The private company says they will give them.
Wlao says whether they shall or whether they shall not? The Americam
Government. And at this present time, as I am advised, there is no power
for export. At this present time when those offers are being made to Brockville
and Cornwall and other places, and to the country of Canada for the future,
there is.no power for the export of one single pony-power of electrical energy
from the American side to the Canadian; not one. How much is the offer worth?
It depends entirely upon the Government; therefore it must begin with the
Government. Now, supposing that this whole power was on the Canadian side
and we could develop it all on the Canadian side, we cannot get an absolute right
of exporting it to the State of New York. To-day the surplus power at Niagara
Falls happens to be on our side. What license can you get for export to the
United States? For a year? No. For a day? No. All that you can get
js a revocable license, subject to be revoked at any time. Now, under those

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1023

SESSIONAL PAPER No. I^a

circumstances, seeing that this is the condition of the use of the power developed
frona this water in the Sault canal, the first point to settle is not, how should
it be done? Or, who shall do it? But, what are you going to do with it after
you have got it? I think those are prime points in this. Because remem-
ber, we are deahng not with to-day ; we are dealing with Canada in its future.
I submit, therefore, that the proposition or no proposition should be turned
tlic other way round, and the result of the use of the water should first be settled;
after that, how it is to be done; and then after that, who is to do it. Now,
I want to address my friends from the United States and our people from Canada
upon the general subject. I want to speak for a moment or two on behalf,
not of navigation, not of any particular interest, but of the whole people of the
two countries. I understand that it is the broad proposition that is before us.
Now, while a few years ago there might have been some reason — I would not say
there is now — for considering a proposition to divide the waterpower with a
water companj", there is nothing in this proposition that will advance that
private companj- one iota. Why is there such hurry after the matter has been
lying still for so long a time? Why do we find these agitations among the munici-
palities who have been asked to send up their representatives? Why do we
find these consultations upon changes of plans being conducted, not with the
Commission but outside the Commission? Why is this buying up of opposition,
and making arrangements with some of those who were opposed in their trade
to this proposition? What is the reason of all this? Because our investing
friends have got their ears to. the ground, and their eyes to the sky and
they see and they hear what is coming. From your western States, from
California, right through the whole of that great Republic of yours, from one
end of it to the other, your people are to-day agitated behind what they ever
were, from Washington outward to the farthest coast, upon the conservation
of natural rights of the people. Nothing is there so dominant in the questions
which are agitating the United States people at the present time as the preser-
vation of States people, as the preservation of the rights of the land and the
water and the powers for the benefit of the people, and to prevent it from
passing into the hands of those whom they have designed to speak of as the
'Barons' — the beef barons, the coal barons, the water barons, the electrical
barons. I am not using these terms, but the whole agitation in the United
States since the time that this proposition was first brought before you, has
changed.

Chairman Gibbons: You can call us all 'Barons.'

Mr. Cumberland : It has arisen more, and I want to present to j'ou and to
say that your duty, your interests, are the interests of the people at large, not
to hand over; it is not to consider whether it is feasible to hand over the natural
rights to a private corporation, but to preserve by all means in your power the
public right for the people — on our owii Canadian side the same question
exactly has come up, later than in the United States. I am glad to say that
we are following their example in that respect, and conservation is now becoming
a dominant question with us and you have the report of the Committee before
you. I therefore claim that in taking this matter into consideration you
must view it, not from the point of a private proposition, but of taking
away a public right — that proposition of stealing the rights of the people,
in the promotion of their natural energies must stop and stop now.
It will be impossible in the face of public opinion to go on and to propose,
by public representatives, to hand over to private individuals the rights
which belong to the people at large. The water belongs to the people; the
power belongs to the people; and to them only can the rights of it be transferred
or be approved of by a commission which represents the people.

1024 DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. iai3

^Ir. ISIeredith: I have only a word to say, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen.
Anything that I had to say is practically done away with by the fact that you
stated, Mr. Chairman, I believe for the Commission, that what you are really
going to do now is to decide whether any scheme — not this particular scheme,
but any scheme — is feasible. That, I understand, will be reported further
with the plans of any scheme, if any scheme is considered feasible — they \nll
come back to you.

Chairman Gibbons: We are going to recommend that they come back.
Of course we have no authority to settle that, but that will be the recommend-
ation, I understand, agreed upon by all the Commission — that no scheme should
be carried out without being approved by our Commission.

Commissioner Clinton: Practically a condition of the recommendation.

Mr. Meeedith: That is what I want to get at, and that when they do come
back for your consideration, the parties who believe they are interested in the
matter will be given an opportunity of putting before j'ou their views on those
plans; that is, I understand, the statement?

Chairman Gibbons: Yes.

Mr. Meredith: The only other view I was asked to put before you for
your consideration was this: that if you think any scheme feasible, you
should consider the view of the Shipping Federation of Canada, that the scheme
should be one that would be constructed and operated by the respective govern-
ments who have the rights in the waters and in the river bed; that the giving
of these tremendous rights for all time to any individuals, no matter how much
respect we may have for them, would be a detriment, and a huge detriment — •
almost too large to qualify by any adjective — to both countries. That is the
view that I have been asked to express; the only one apart from asking for the
consideration of plans.

Mr. Smith: K. C: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I suppose I might as
well say what I have to say at this period as at any other. When a person comes
forward and frankly admits that he represents private interests, he is, so to speak,
a marked man; but it may be just as well that j^ou should look at this thing in
the concrete, and that you should take into consideration the actual interests
that are jeopardized by this scheme. First let me saj' that the suggestion made
at the opening of this discussion that some Montreal attorneys here represented
in a concealed fashion the Montreal Light, Heat and Power Company, was one
that was purely gratuitous, purely imaginary. Neither my friend Mr. Meredith
nor Mr. Lafleur nor myself have any connection whatever with the Light, Heat
and Power Company; and the attempt to drug prejudice against that company,
350 miles from home was certainly not creditable to arguments presented in
favour of so great a scheme. It is probably an indication of the poverty of
argument in favour of it (Laughter.) I wish to answer another thing that
has been said, or rather suggested, by a number here — that the people there are
starving for power in this immediate locahty; starving, dying for power. In
their last report the St. Lawrence Company stated that they had 3,000 h. p.
undeveloped right there at Cornwall. There is power at Merrickville, there
is power at Morrisburg; there is power all over there. And then, in addition
to that, we have the authoritative and the official statement of the Honourable
Mr. Beck, a member of the Government of the province of Ontario, that they
have offered power to all those municipalities; that they are ready to supply
power, not at the figure suggested by this company, but at a very much lower
rate. So that all this hue and cry, these speeches that have developed a little
bluff here in this meeting, are quite aside from the question, because I submit
that they have been most emphatically and completely answered by the Honour-
able Mr. Beck's statement before this Commission.

lyTERNATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSriiTf 1025

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Chairman Gibbons: Mr. Smith, will you allow me — because we might as
well thrash these things out. Assume there was no immediate demand in Ontario,
can an International Commission refuse to permit power to be developed if
they want it south of the line because we have no demand here? Just assume
that position; I would like you to answer.

Mr. Smith: I shall be pleased to assume exactly what the Chairman suggests
and it opens up a very large question. All these international questions ought
to be approached with absolute courtesy; more than that, with delicacy; but
as I shall have occasion more than once to refer to these international questions,
I say now that I shall make no apology now for doing so, because I have con-
fidence in the men here, who are large men of the world, men of affairs; and
thereoughttobenomealj'-mouthed hesitation of discussing international questions
before them; so that I shall adress anything I have to say perhaps more to them-
selves than to the Canadian members of the International Commission. If
j'ou are going to consider, in the recommendation made to Government, the
necessities which exist for the power which is proposed to be created, then I
say with all possible respect that the Canadian section of the International
Waterways Commission ought to consider what are the requirements of Canada
in the vicinity. ' - -

Chairman Gibbons : Of course.

Mr. Smith: What are the requirements for power in the vicinitj*; and I
will not say that it should have a controlling or a determining influence upon
their judgment. Far be it from me to dictate in the slightest to you as to your
duty. I will not even suggest that it ought to have any controlling efi'ecc;
but I suggest that it ought to have a very potent influence in determining the
recommendation which the Canadian section would make. If it appeared that
there was no demand for power whatever, if it appeared that such demand
as did exist was already fully supplied with waste power, undeveloped power,
right on the spot, then I say that would be at least a proper subject for the
International Waterways Commission to take into con.sideration. Now, let
me come to say briefly what I have to say on behalf of the Richelieu and Ontario
Navigation Company. If I had had any notes at all, I would feel like suggesting
that Mr. Cumberland had stolen those notes from me because he has presented
and has elaborated the case for the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company
much more cogently and gracefully than I could pretend to do. The Long
Sault rapids have been navigated since 1843. The Richelieu and Ontario Navigation
Company has grown from small beginnings to be very much the largest and most
influential of the inland navigation companies, with a capital of five million
dollars and a fleet or fleets of vessels that are certainly no discredit to this country.
The service has been largely improved. The accommodation has been increased,
the company has spent enormous sums of money all over this continent and
elsewhere, even in Europe, in advertising this St. Lawrence route. Now, it
is all very well to brush this all aside and say, we must not allow shooting the
chutes to interfere \sith industrial development. I suppose, sir, that we must
be content to have a car of juggernaut break down all that is beautiful and
all that is enjoj'able in life at any time. I suppose all our beautiful waterfalls
are going to be converted into horse power, and all the picturesque and all the
beautiful is to be ignored. But I am not going to put it upon that sesthetic
footing at all ; I am going to look at it from another point of view. We find by
the most carefullj'^ compiled statistics than can be obtained that this trade
which has gradually been built up by the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Com-
pany brings over 50,000 people to this country every year, and that those people
have left from $2,750,000 to S3,000,000 every year among our trades people.
They spend $3,000,000 in our country every time they come here. Now, I say

1026 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

that this is worth something. You have stated over and over again that the
Board has unanimously sanctioned the principle that navigation interests are
to be paramount. Now, the whole thing can be stated in one word: we have
now a natural channel; they ask j^ou to substitute an artificial channel. They
try to convince you that that is not going to be anj' impediment to navigation,
but in the very next breath mj' learned friend Mr. McCarthy, with his well
known eloquence, told 3'ou; ' This is going to be the biggest lift lock in the world;
thej' are going to bring people from all over the continent to see this mighty
lift lock that is higher than anj'thing that has ever been constructed.' They
are going to dam the whole of the St. Lawrence river and they are going to
make us pass through the highest lock that has ever been constructed, and they
want you to say it is not an interference with navigation. Let me refer
incidentally to another matter. Mr. Calvin here yesterday stated with
great clearness and great frankness, which I admired, that he had been, so to
speak, disinterested; that he, representing the rafting interests — may I use a
vulgar word — had been 'squared'

Mr. McCarthy: The timber, j^ou are speaking of.

Mr. Smith: Not square timber at all events, Mr. CaMn came for-
ward and told you —

Chairman Gibbons : It is a question of deals.

Mr. Smith: Well, I am not going to suggest log-rolling — but at
all events Mr. Cahin declared to you here that he had made a contract, and the
ink was not quite dry upon the paper, by which this commercial corporation
agreed to indemnifj"^ him for all his losses. Now, I would like to say this, or
ask this: Did they at the same time —

Chairman Gibbons : Fix j'ou?

Mr. Smith: That, I believe, is one of the very best questions that I have
heard the Chairman ask to-day? I was not going to put it in that shape,
that they fixed me, but what I was going to say was this: Did they make
anj- provision for indemnifj'ing all the other shipping interests that will be affected
when Mr. Calvin's logs and Mr. Calvin's rafts and every other rafts are forced
through that lock? They don't saj' to Mr. Calvin: ' You go out of the business'.
There is going to be some lumbering done still; there are going to be some rafts
going down, and Mr. Calvin's rafts and every body else's rafts are going to come
through this single lock that is the biggest lift -lock in the world, and when my
steamer comes along and Mr. Calvin's rafts or any other rafts are in the locks,
I am going to be detained, the Lord onlj^ knows how long. Is there any
provision made for compensating those interests? Not at all. I say that the
fact that thej^ have agreed to indemnify jVIr. Calvin is an admission before
this board that they ought, if they get permission, to indemnify all the other
interests that they have injured.

Mr. McCarthy : You called that ' square ' before?

Mr. Smith: Well, that they should square other interests. It is an admission
on their part that they ought to do it, but I say that by doing it in that shape,
and by squaring Mr. Calvin, they don't make that transportation route more
convenient or any more speedy or expeditious for me or for anybody else using it.
Now, there is another matter. That route which we have enjoyed, and which
was a free, unobstructed route, passed through international waters. A short
portion of it in the bend was wholly within the United States territory, but
through international waters it passes unobstructed. It is proposed now to
substitute for that unimpeded natural route a single lock which is situated wholly
in American territory. Not only is that lock situated wholly in American

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1027

SESSIONAL PAPER No. '19a

territory and to be owned, we are told, by the Government of the
United States, but all the regulating and controlling works in connection with
this power development are to be situated wholly in the United States.

Chairman Gibbons: May I just interrupt there again? Those details
have not been settled, and I do not know that I ought to say so, but I do know
that the engineers of the Government of Canada are insisting that a lock should
be on the Canadian side. That is one of the details to be discussed subsequently,
but the Canadian Government's position so far with regard to that, as I under-
stand it, is that there must be a lock on the Canadian side in the place as well.

Mr. Smith: I am very much obliged to the Chairman. That illustrates
what people have said, and by no one more forcibly said than this morning by
Mr. Wright, that we are in the dark.

Chairman Gibbons: We are not dealing with those details now.

Mr. Smith : I am speaking of the general outline of the plan that Mr. Rickey
gave us on the map yesterday.

Chairman Gibbons: There is nothing in the form; only the general question
is before us that you are discussing— that under no condition should it be dammed.
I think what you have said so far in discussion is important.

Mr. Smith: I was just wondering, if nothing at all has been decided, what
was the basis of settlement with Mr. Calvin.

Chairman Gibbons: I cannot enlighten you as to that.

Mr. Smith: There seems to have been something definite enough to make
a contract in black and white with Mr. Calvin. Well, now, I submit this to
you, that we have an actual and existing interest in objecting to the controlling
works and the canal or the lock being situated wholly outside of Canadian ter-
ritory. Those controlling works — I need not emphasize this, for it is apparent
to you all — are not part of a navigation proposition, they are part of a power
proposition. Those controlling works will be operated in the interests of the
power scheme and not in the interests of the navigation scheme. Those con-
trolling works might be so worked as to materially affect the whole channel
down to Quebec, and the depth of the channel down to Quebec. Those con-
trolling works would probably come into play more during the low water than
at any other time, and if they are held back for power purposes, they might very
well affect the channel some inches, which might result very seriously indeed to
the whole navigation at the Sault. Now, I say that emphasizes the fact that
we have an actual and an existing interest in whatever controlling or regulating
devices are adopted, in whatever plan is adopted, in having them situated
where they are under the control of our own jurisdiction. I would not suggest
that that canal would be used by the United States Government prejudicially
to Canadian interests. There have been a number of examples shoAvn by
Mr. Cumberland where the Canadians did not feel quite satisfied with their
treatment; what I say is that when you are coming now in an international
"body to discuss a thing, I want our American friends to put themselves
exactly in our position, and to look at it as though they were Canadians, not
Americans, for the time being. As a judicial body, I ask our American friends
to look at this question just as they would look at it as if they were Canadians,
and not as Americans.

Chairman Gibbons: They will, and always have, I am very glad to say.

Mr. Smith : Then I am sure if they do, they will feel that if a power develop-
ment of 600,000 h.p. was proposed, and only 100,000 of it could possibly be
developed on the American side or within American jurisdiction, and that

1028 DEPA-RTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

the lock which was substituted for the free, unimpeded channel of the river
was to be situated in Canada, and was to be made over to the Canadian Govern-
ment, and if all the regulating and controlling works and devices were to be
situated whoUj' in Canada, then I say that I believe in my conscience they
would not see fit to make the recommendation. With regard to the scenic
effect of the rapids, that was very happily expressed bj' ]Mr. Cumberland. That
you must look upon as an asset, and as a vested right, seeing so much money
has been spent in developing that particular trade. My friends over here
argued that you were going to give something better. They were evidently
like the Scotch ladj' who said: 'The works of the Lord are great, but the works
of men surpass them all." (Laughter). Thej^ are going to substitute this
lock and this fill dam as something very picturesque and beautiful, and going
to attract the people from all over the world. I think the Richelieu Company
that has built up this trade is probably in as good a position as they are. or
anybody else, to say what the people come to see. They come to see the greatest
chain of rapids and the greatest rapids that are navigable in the whole world,
and when once you dam that river of course you will never have it again in the
same position; you are doing it once for all. Navigation will never be the
same on that river, and it cau never be the same on that river, after you once
dam it. Now, I am going to be told — I was told by anticipation — that they
are going to improve navigation. I Cannot discuss this, for the same reason
that you have already told me, that there are no plans chosen and nothing
adopted, so that I can't tell — I couldn't tell anyway — but I can't be instructed
by engineers as to what the current would be. There is a pilot here who has
had very many years experience on that river, Captain Batten. I have had
conversation with him, and he expresses the greatest doubt and fear concerning
the effect upon the currents that those dams will make. How high the dams
are, we don't know. Exactly what the deflection of the wateris, we don't know.
Of course, the 'pilots cannot tell until the currents would be figured' out by
engineers; but there is the fact of the matter — that you are not proposing to
change the character of the navigation of that river altogether. Now, it is
said that that should be done by Government. I must admit that we would
not be very much pleased with the Government if they were to dam it; but
we are not exactly in the same position if the Government should undertake
it, for this reason, that if this private corporation does it, it does
it in the interest of power development for dividend purposes. If the Gov-
ernment does it, the Government will do it primarily to take care of
navigation. Why, sir, there is in this room at this moment one of the Harbour
Commissioners of Montreal, and I have heard him say not three weeks ago
that there is a continual race between the production of the west and the trans-
portation facilities of the east. We have developed only 5%, or not 5%, of
the arable lands of our Northwest, less than 5% of the milHons of acres there
that are going to be producing have been scratched bj^ the plough. Year by
year you are going to have a stupendous increase in the product of that North-
west that must reach the sea; and the one great arterj', the one great channel
that must take care of the greater part of all that grain and that produce of
the Northwest is the St. Lawrence river — the St. La^\Tence river route improved
as Mr. Kennedy has suggested, or in some other way improved. I say that
the great paramount question before the Government of this country to-day
is the question of transportation. I say that general consideration alone should
make this Board hesitate to formulate any recommendation that will dam
the whole of the River St. Lawrence, which is to be the great outlet for all this
product of the Northwest. My friend says he concedes that navigation interests
are paramount, and yet he proposes to dam the 'whole river and to put the trade
coming eastward that now uses the rapids in the hands of a foreign though
verj^ friendly power, by means of a single lock ^dth regulating devices entirely

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1029

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

controlled on that side. He argued verj' eloquently indeed that he believed
in the conservation of our natural resources, but he said conservation means
utilization, and the only way that you can conserve our natural resources is
by using them. I ask him whether he seriously intended to say to this intelligent
Board and this company of people that the way to conserve our national
rebources is to utilize them, not by the State, but by handing them over to a
private corporation to be used for the purpose of making millions of dollars
in dividends? I say, sir, that is not the conservation of natural resources,
and I say we have a distinct interest in the Government doing this, for the
reason that when the Government does it navigation will be made foremost
and power development will be incidental fashion, whereas the whole scheme
is a scheme of private enterprise — laudable enough — to make private dividends
out of our natural and national heritage.

Mr. Hilliard: I spoke yesterday in reference to the legal position of the
Oulario Government. I wish to speak to-day of the feasibility of the damming
of the Long Sault, and particularly in reference to the vested rights of the
inhabitants of the county of Dundas and the village of Morrisburg, a consti-
tuency represented by Sir James Whitney himself. The experience of the
inhabitants of that locality, coupled with the experience with the navigators
of that locality, should have weight, we think, with this Commission. It has
been proven by actual test that when there has been a jam at Cornwall below
the Long Sault, causing the river to rise twenty feet there, it has caused the
river, open all the way, to rise twenty-one inches at the docks at Morrisburg.
Speaking generall.y, that seems an utter impossibility, because of the great height
of the Long Sault rapids. We are in a position to bring the witnesses to give
that evidence under oath. We have not brought them here to-day because
we were not sure of the mode in which that evidence would be received.
Moreover, on three different occasions ice bridges formed between
Croil's island and the main shore, immediately east of the Farran's Point
Canal. These bridges are formed by the islanders at night sawing the ice
that forms in the bays during the early season in the still water caused by the
eddies at the low island at the east on both sides of Croil's island, making
simply a dam two feet thick on either side of those islands. Between that
point and the western point of Galops rapids, some thirty-five miles, the river
is entirely open, and forms in large quantities anchor ice, frazil ice and slush
and snow that blow off the large tracts of the ice of the bays in the shore into
the river. Any one standing on the shore along the county of Dundas will see
this ice and slush and snow floating dowm the river in immense quantities.
These quantities, caught on the ice bridges, formed at Croil's island in 1879,
1887 and 1905. They backed up at the rate from a half-mile to two miles a
day. No appreciable damage is sustained until this slush and cakes of ice
and anchor ice that form at the bottom become wedged in back to the narrow
parts in the river. One of those places is kno\\^^ as Weaver's Point, about
five miles above Croil's island. At that point the ice and the snow, which cement
the cakes of ice coming dowm and catching on, jammed in the bottom. The
ice then formed west of that and caused the water to rise above the layer below.
In this night time a remarkable shove of ice occurred, shoving up upon the
shore- lying between Weaver's Point and Cook's bay, crushing down a dwelling
house, overturning the stove, and setting the thing on fire. And the people
escaped with their lives. Another shove occurred at the same time in daylight,
when a lady was driving along the road, drowning her horse, and she escaped,
as we say, just by the skin of her teeth; she just barely escaped. In 1905
the whole channel of river west of the village of Morrisburg was filled full of
this anchor ice and snow caused by this small dam, so to speak, at Croil's
island. It completely submerged the water-powers that we rent from the

1030 DEPASTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Dominion Government. The powers were put out of existence for the time
being, and the whole docks, the canal gates, and the canal bank were threatened
with this ice. We have here a photograph of the condition of the river, shoeing
the ice blockade (Handing photograph to Chairman). This took place late
in the month of February, when the sun had become powerful, and fortunately
we had mild weather for the time being, and it began to wear away and wore
a current. This is a photograph of the same work with a view of the American
shore and the islands; Dry island, which is now owned by Mr. Corrigan, of Cleve-
land, was absolutely submerged. (Handing second photograph to Chairman).
We see the trees. Now, if at that particular time we had had zero weather —
which we often have in February — and southwest Mind, this would have com-
pletely swept the lock gates and would have inundated the greater portion of
the village at IMorrisburg. We have certain other photographs here, which
show the banks of the river at IMorrisburg completclj- inundated. It shows
our power house situated on the canal bank, with the water within a verj' short
distance of the over-flow in the canal. We had our steam auxiliary. The
water rose in and put the fires out in our steam auxiliary. AYe had to get a
temporarj' engine put up upon the canal bank to keep our pumping apparatus
in condition. These are the other places, showing all the boat houses and
wharves completely submerged and under water. Now, what we say is this,
that during the history of Canada, and during the period that has been handed
do'mi to us by the U. E. Loj'alists that settled along this countrj-, there has
never been a gorge in the river when it was left to nature. If the islanders,
desiring a bridge to drive over in the winter, had not swung these bridges, we
would never have had this ice jam. Now, the pertinent part is this, that as
Mr. Rickej' and Mr. Holgate say, the waters west of the Long Sault are still
of two miles an hour, but ice ■will cake early in December in this northern and
rigorous climate. When the days are short, and dark and the accumulations
coming doM7i from the Galops rapids and those other rapids are formed, this
anchor ice and frazil ice and this slush and snow which blows off the base, we
will be having this carried j'earlj^ instead of having it three times in our historj'.
But they say: 'Oh, we will take care of that.' We would like to know who
the 'we' are, and we would like to know what are the facilities for taking care
of us in that way. I dont agree with my learned friends who say they are
satisfied with the ruling of the chair to-day that the matter of detail M-ill not be
gone into, but that there will be a report as to the feasibility. Now, see. With all
due respect, their report on the feasibilitj' onh' carries weight when the question
comes up as to how these other interests are conserved or will be taken care
of. The whole feasibility of damming this is to take care of the vested rights
along the river bank, and of the villages such as Farran's Point, Osnabruck,
Morrisburg, etc., that have been there first and that have their rights. They
say they will have ice-breakers. There would be a long strip. You build a
dam 40 to 45 feet high at the Long Sault, and you have, so to speak, dead water
back to Farran's Point, a distance of 5 or 6 miles. They tell you that it will
raise the water 2 inches at IMorrisburg. How do they know? There is not
a man upon the top of this gi'cen earth, or anj' engineer — and all due respect
to the engineers — will know how much in a tortuous river filled with islands,
with different currents, how that will affect the people of Morrisburg, with a
dam that high, and with water that will be slow to two miles an hour — these
are the words of Mr. Holgate, and I bow in respect to him. Now, if that ice
is allowed to form we will be blotted out. I have seen these shoves take place.
I have seen them to such an extent that large trees on the banks of the river,
hard maple, two feet thick, were cut off like pipe-stems. I have seen these
great telephone poles, over two feet in thickness at the stem, just shoved off
like pipe-stems. I have seen the inhabitants of the county of Dundas remove

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1031

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1f9a

all the implements, all their carriages, everything that could be moved, that
would not freeze up upon the high land close to the Grand Trunk railway,
which is practically the height of land, and I have known them to keep watch
by night fearing that these shoves would flood them out at night time. Now,
I say this is one of the tremendous effects that would be likely to result from
the damming of this river there. Gentlemen of this Commission, look at one
patent fact. In a distance of fifty miles, from Prescott to Cornwall say, the
river drops ninety feet. West of Prescott, it freezes solid. There is no danger
of anchor ice west of Prescott. There is no danger of any gorge west of Prescott.
There is danger of gorge at Cornwall and east, but so to speak, nature provided
for that. There is the Lake St. Francis with its broad rims and greater depth
that almost every winter takes care of this anchor ice that is formed in this
running water and in those stretches to the west. Now, I can easily conceive
if the Long Sault dam, the proposed dam, made a complete bond so that it
would be frozen over entirely to Prescott. To that we would not have any par-
ticular objection, because while it would block out our power there we might
get compensation for our power in the shape of other power, or in the shape
of being bought out; but when it only dams back and gives us still water to
Farran's Point and there freezes, we are in jeopardy from that point, a distance
of 35 miles, with a fall of 33 feet which will not be overcome by this dam. But
this being slow to two miles an hour, any mortal man, any child that knows
the records of this northern climate, will understand that that will freeze over.
But they say: 'We will have an ice-breaker there.' Again, who are the 'we'?
The feasibility of this scheme depends entirely on the 'we.' If it is the Dom-
inion Government, we can look to the Dominion Government that it will protect
us, but is this Commission going to place the inhabitants all along that river,
and the inhabitants of New York State, west of the high lands — because they
have higher banks than we have — west of three miles below Waddington, are
they going to place the same people in this same condition, with this difference,
that the heavy current is toward the Canadian shore, the great trend of the
river when this anchor ice is toward the Canadian and not the American shore.
I say that before this scheme is reported upon this Commission should not
make any interim report, so to speak, and ask for permission to go into the
details. This Commission was right when at the King Edward Hotel it asked
that the fullest disclosure should be made ; and on behalf of the Ontario Govern-
ment I view with serious alarm that — and I speak it with all due respect that
this change of front, so to speak, let us look at it practically. What will be the
result? If this Commission reports on the bald question that it is feasible
somehow and somewhere and someway, what is the result? That report will
go to Congress and this Bill will go through. That report will go to Ottawa,
and their Bill will go through. We cannot dissociate this question from the
complications that are opening before the Parliaments. It is unalterably
mixed up. It is, so to speak, body and bones intertwined and intwined with
this development company, and therefore I say that no report should come
from this Commission to either Government until the full details were here,
and the whole report was passed upon. Because just as sure as we are standing
and sitting here, if a report of any kind of feasibility goes to those gouvernments
what objection can be based upon the granting of the Acts of Parliament that,
so to speak, all safeguards may be looked after otherwise? I fancy my learned
friend and the promoters of this scheme would throw up their hats if they
could obtain any expression, so to speak, from this Waterways Commission
that it is feasible. I come back again with the word 'feasible' meaning
practicable feasibility, a feasibility that will safeguard all the interests; and
until these speakers shall put before us the provisions made to take care of the
people that are liable to suffer damage in these matters, then no Commission

1032 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. iai3

can intelligently report on the feasibility of the scheme to clam the St. Law-
rence. If I understand the Commission right, on the adjournment or the
closing of whatever is said here to-day, they propose to make a report to their
various Governments on the feasibility, and then ask that before the plan —
the plan, so to speak, by the incorporated company — is assured, that we can
have a chance to report on those plans. Gentlemen of the Commission, the
damage will then be done. If this Commission first asks the various Govern-
ments to allow them to pass upon the plans before they recommend the feasibility
of the scheme, then we will all retire. I think I can say we will all retire.
(Hear, hear.) But if there is a report made before the plans are submitted,
then the damage will be done so far as the different countries are concerned.
If I understand right — and I think my learned friends also understood when
they said they were satisfied with that — that the Commission would ask for
power to report upon the plans before any report was made to the various
Governments, if that is the position — ai\d I would wait for an answer to that
question, if the Chairman would let me understand that — and I would not
talk any more if the Chairman would let me understand.

Chairman Gibbons: I would try to let you understand but I cannot speak
for the whole Commission, I have told j^ou what my own view of the matter
was. All those matters which you are talking about now have been looked
into by Government engineers. I have had the benefit of their special inform-
ation. This Commission is not learning all about this ice for the first time. All
these matters have been reported upon and have been considered by people who
think they understand, and are being considered now by the Commission. Now,
my own idea was that we shall have cleared the deck by this discussion. It is
impossible to thresh out in a meeting like this the details of a scheme of this
kind. It never will be possible. The plans will have to be worked out very
carefully, and a lot of provisions made that have not been even suggested here,
but have suggested themselves to the engineers of the Government and to the
■Commission. When these things are in shape to submit, my own idea — and I
can only speak for myself here — is that the general public ought to be again
taken into our confidence. If we agree at all that the matter is feasible, that
then we'should tell you what plans and what safe-guards have been provided,
and that we should give the public a chance to see what those are, and approve
or disapprove them.

Mr. Hilliard: Will that be before or after the Commission report to the
various Governments on the feasibility? That is the point.

Chairman Gibbons: That is a question that I am not going to answer for
the Commission. My own idea was to suggest that it might be possible to make
a, report that under certain circumstances — following much the line of Mr.
Kennedy's remarks to-day — that under certain conditions and subject to
certain provisions it was feasible.

Mr. Hilliard: Excuse me if I do appear dense, but I want to be at one with
you. How can the Commission report on the conditions and the safe-guards,
so to speak, without having all the detail plains?

Chairman Gibbons: The engineers of our Commission and the engineers
of the Government, who ought to know what they require, have thought that
they had quite sufficient detail to enable them to form an opinion on the general
character of the undertaking, subject to certain conditions. I am not an en-
gineer. Both the Government engineers and the engineers upon the Commission
have thought that they had sufficient data to deal with the general question.

Mr. Hilliard: Then, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the Waterways Com-
mission, it was this: In the first inception, in 1908, when the public, so to speak,
■were taken into your confidence and were invited to criticise the matter, they

lyTERNATWXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1033

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

won't now have an opportunity to criticise the plans that have been submitted,
of which you have received knowledge, and so to speak, that portion of the in-
quiry is withdrawn from the public, do I understand that, Mr. Chairman?

Chairman Gibbons: I don't understand that any definite plans have been
submitted. I understand that they are only dealing now with the general pro-
position.

Mr. Hilliard: What we would ask, then, from the Commission before they
make any report, and what I would urge more strongly, is this: The public on
both sides of the boundary line, I understand, has been admitted into the con-
fidence, so to speak, of the Commission, and they have been promised that they
will have these details of the plan or plans, no matter what they are. The
promoters have convinced the enginneers' department, so to speak. All well
and good. But I would now urge, that those plans at least be submitted to the
public before there is any report from this Commission. That is to say, having
once entered upon the process of investigating this matter, that there should
not be any investigation, so to speak, between the engineers of the development
company and the engineers of the government that will not go to the public
before this Commission reports. That is the ground I take. It seems to me it
would be most discourteous, so to speak, to the different parties who have been
invited here to appear before the Commission, that the great and important
part and the most important branch of the inquiry should, so to speak, be one
in which the persons to the application should have a say with the Government,
and the other parties only have an informal say, so to speak, or argument before
the Commission. You can understand that.

Chairman Gibbons: I think we do understand your argument.

Mr. Hilliard: For instance, Mr. Chairman, I may seem persistent, but I
urge that a private report of the Dominion Government to the Chairman of
this Waterways Commission takes us at a disadvantage; it eliminates the very
thing that we were here to criticise. If this is to be the end of the inquiry
here, then of course, on behalf of the Ontario Government, we will have to carry
it — with all due respect — we will have to carry the report some place else. But
I should say that, acting as a Commission upon the part of the Government, in
order to allay any feehng — I was going to say suspicion — this whole matter ought
to be threshed out here; that we should not be promised a thing and then have
it taken, as it were, by a side-door into the Government, and then by the Govern-
ment to the Commission, and then we be ignored, and then that these Bills are
reported upon in Parliament after the Company is incorporated; and then, for-
sooth, all the powers given to them, and in the matter of details and of plans
what remedy can we have then? I submit that there should be something
given to the people. I submit, on behalf of the Ontario Government, that there
should be some provisions made, which should be submitted to us that we
might criticise them before this Commission makes a report.

Mr. King: INIr. Chairman, I find myself in a very, very difficult position.
" I did not like to be accused of backing and filling. There has been some backing
and filling. I must, however, on behalf of the interests I represent, impress very,
very strongly that there is no shadow of an assent to the proposal such as might
have been gathered from my rather pleasant and acquiescent attitude a while
ago. I made the statements I did under an understanding which now turns out
to have been rather a misapprehension; and I try to set the matter right because
I was disappointed — I say it with deference, Mr. Chairman — disappointed in
the understanding that the Commission gave yesterday to our previous agree-
ment. I set the matter right now because I do not want to be at some time told

19a— 70

1034 DEPARTUEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

that to-day we agreed, on behalf of the navigation interests, that the thing was all
right. What we said was that we were prepared to stand aside provided we
were going to see all those plans. If there is no such understanding, then there
is no agreement.

Mr. Hilliard: There is a gentleman here from the vicinitj^ of Morrisburg
and Dundas, who lived there many years, who was brought up on the river, and
would ike to give his information on that matter — Mr. Connolly.

Mr. Connolly: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the Commission. I
don't appear here representing any interests except myself. I have been a life-
long resident of that locality, and have vested interests on both sides of the river
at the present time. I wish to say to you that the old residents generally along
that river, in view of their past experience with those floods, are in terror of
this scheme. I am, for one. I have seen it on one occasion where an ice jam,
apparentlj' harmless at the start, took place above the rapids, filled that river
from top to bottom, and caused great damage by flooding the lands for the
space of 11 miles. There is no human agency that we know of that can take
care of those ice-runs. There is something that we believe is beyond the power
of any company or possibly any Government under some conditions. Now, as I
understand it, the dam that is proposed to be built, the crest of that dam, is
practically above the level of the upper reaches of the Cornwall canal. A
horizontal line from the crest of that dam will come within ten feet of the
surface of the St. Lawrence at Morrisburg, twent.y miles, below that point. It
is ecjuivalent to a submerged dam over 20 feet high in the bottom of that river.
Now you can see why we are frightened that that countrj^ is going to be deluged,
how we are afraid of a catastrophy both to property and to life.

Mr. McCarthy: Mr. Connolly, are you interested in any other power
scheme in that localitj^?

Mr. Connolly: No further than I have an investment in what is known
as the Waddington Power. I formerly owned part of that power.

Chairman Gibbons: I do not imder.stand Mr. King when he says he does
not withdraw 1 is objections on account of some arrangement. I don't know,
that there has been anj^ change between yesterday and to-day. As I understand,
the Commission is now asked — and the pressure is because of action in
Congress — to give an expression of opinion upon the general effect. Because
of the communication from Congress to the American Section we have had to
deal with it. The Commission are unanimous, and have been all through, as I
understand it, that if they do decide to express an opinion in favour they will
suggest that one of the first conditions will be that plans should be submitted
to them and should be approved of by them.

Commissioner Clinton: And must be approved.

Chairman Gibbons: And must be approved before being submitted even
to the different governments for their approval. Of course we can only suggest
this; and if they are submitted to us they certainly will be submitted to you
and an opportunity given to criticise them. I don't know where the misunder-
standing has arisen. I can only say that we will make this a condition of Our
report if we report at all in favour of the general scheme.

Mr. King: Do we understand, Mr. Chairman, that that is a statement on
behalf of the Commission, or the personal view of the chair?

Chairman Gibbons: I spoke to General Ernst; I think that is the general
view, is it? Do you agree?

General Ernst: I have no objection in the world to that, but it seems to
e a very great waste of time. I do not see how it is possible for an assemblage

INTERXATIOyAD WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1035

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

like this to settle on the details of an engineering plan. We want to hear all
of your interests, every possible objection you can make; but when it comes
to settling the details of an engineering plan I do not see how to get ahead in an
assemblage like this, that is all. But I have no objection at all to submitting
them to you if that is your wish.

Mr. King : Not necessarily in a general assemblage. If the various interests
that are now diametrically opposed to the scheme were placed in a position
to consult, with the assistance of experts, that is really what we want, more
than an opportunity given in a meeting of this kind, which is admitted to be
absolutely no opportunity at all, from my point of view.

Chairman Gibbons: As far as I am personally concerned, as Mr. King
will know, I am exceedingly anxious : I feel that you should have an opportunity
and that you should avail yourselves of it by bringing experts who are independ-
ent, who can give us the benefit of their opinion before this Commission. Mr.
King will know that that is the ground I took as far back as the original meeting
in Montreal. I have been anxious all along that you should have the benefit
of independent experts.

Mr. Smith, K. C: Would you allow the general manager of the Richelieu
and Ontario Navigation Company to say a few words concerning his sche-
dule of time?

Chairman Gibbons: Certainly.

Mr. C. J. Smith: In addition to the remarks of our counsel, Mr. Smith,
I would like to explain the basis on which our time card, has to be made, ancl
which this scheme will affect. We are forced to a time card leaving Toronto
after the trains have all arrived from the western gateways and the boats
from Niagara, which is three o'clock. We then run a time card to Charlotte
to connect with the trains leaving from that district via the gateway of Rochester
to New York and Central New York State points. They are there soon after
we arrive, and after we take passengers that are brought in to the Rochester
gateway we go down to Kingston to make an early morning connection with
the Grand Trunk sleeping cars that come in from the west with passengers who
have not arrived at Toronto at three o'clock, but have come down from Chicago
and the west in the day time, going through from Toronto to Kingston at night
in sleeping cars, where we take them at six o'clock in the morning. It is a train
connection. From there we run over to Clayton to get the passengers brought
in by the New York Central Railroads to their different rail avenues, which trains
arrive about seven o'clock. From that point it takes us all our time, being
limited to those train connections to reach Montreal by daylight to connect with
our Quebec boats leaving Montreal at seven p. m. These boats are obliged
to leave Montreal at seven p. m. because they have got all their work laid out
for them to reach Quebec and Levis through the ferry connections in the morning,
to make rail connection for further points beyond, to the Intercolonial, Quebec
Central, etc. Within the last five years the Richelieu Company, in order to
bring this about and improve the conditions, and build up the tourist business,
have been obliged to build new steamers of a modern tj'pe which will carry a
much larger number of passengers and at a much higher rate of speed, because
in these days you must give a service, even for tourists, that will take care of
competition as against other water tourist lines and rail lines. Therefore,
we are not alone; we carmot suit ourselves to these new conditions without
injury. We are told that by using the new lock on the American side it will
only take us about half an hour more to reach Montreal. That might be the case,
or it might not be the case. We have no information to work on except the
statements made by these engineers representing this power scheme. At the
19a— 70|

1036 JiEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19f,13

present time we have the advantage of currents before we reach the Long Sault,
and advantages of currents after we passed the Long Sault. What time we will
lose we cannot say. Our pilots are not able to get any information, although it
was promised to us in the meeting in November, but it has not been forthcoming.
We feel and I think we are right, that if they state half an hour, as we understand
it, it is the half hour that will be lost in going through this lock. But supposing
there are other big vessels there ahead of us, then we wall be delayed that much
longer. But we do not always reach Cornwall on time. We have fogs to contend
with, we have to wait for train connections; and we wait to the limit, and we forge
ahead ; but if we are imf ortunate enough to be delayed we have a certain amount
of slack time. This slack time will all be taken up, and more than taken up
if we are obliged to run through any locks. If we were obliged to run through
the Cornwall canal eastbound, it would take four hours, and that would make it
impossible to reach Montreal the same night because we caimot run the rapids
after dark. We would have to cancel the trip when these tourists are coming
into this country to see these rapids, and the result would be that our business
from our principal asset would be destroyed. Our business originates in the
west — the great bulk of it, 90 or 95% — and goes down in gradual steps and
stages ; and we claim that it is the attraction of the rapids that brings them here
— the Thousand islands and the rapids and the chain. Now, if you break a
link in that chain you injure our business, and we don't know what the result
will be. We can say this much about it, that if we are unfortunate enough
to have an accident or break down with our rapids boats, and we have to run
the passengers by rail to Montreal, our business will drop off in the middle of
the season from 300 or 400 people a day to 50. That is the reason I wish to
bring the information" as to this time card before you. It is all based on the time
card, and we can only get our speed by leaving Kingston at six o'clock in the
morning, and when days get shorter we have to leave Kingston at 5 . 30 in the
morning. So that any impediment put in the na\agation of this stream is a
positive injurj% and will result in very great and serious loss, and be a most
difficult matter to overcome.

Chairman Gibbons: Are there many more gentlemen to address the meeting,
or are there any others who desire? If there are further addresses, possibly we
had better adjourn for lunch. Are there any others?

Mr. McCarthy: I don't think so.

Chairman Gibbons: If there are no others who desire to address the meet-
ing, I suppose the general meeting -nail close.

Mr. Peingle, K.C: There is just one little statement I want to make in
regard to what was said as to power in the east. I think it was made entirely
under a misapprehension. I have in my pocket the correspondence dealing with
that question of power. It was also stated by some gentlemen here that the east
could get power at, I think, $12 per h.p. at the plant — I don't know the tech-
nical term. First it was stated generally at S12, and since then it has been
modified to $12 at the plant. Now, I find the prices of power in this portion
of Ontario to be contained in a document issued by the Hydro-Electric Power
Commission of Ontario, power at the plant is somewhere from $9 to $10; at the
point of distribution, it runs from $18 up to $29.50. We do not know where
this plant is^it has been unheard of in so far as many of us in eastern Ontario
know — but I have the correspondence which we had as a town with the Hj'dro-
Electric Commission. We were most anxious to get power, and they could find
no means of giving us power in that district. We suggested one or two possible
schemes for power, but a letter came that the one scheme as suggested was en-
tirely out of the question, and then there were some indefinite suggestions about

• INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1037

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1'9a

some mythical and indefinite power at Waddington. When we came to invest-
gate that —

Mr. Hilliard: What is the date of that, Mr. Pringle?

Mr. Pringle: This is 1906, and continued for some time. I want to say
that these are the prices for power.

Mr. Hilliard: What is the date of that pamphlet?

Mr. Pringle: 1908.

Mr. Hilliard: It has been revised since.

Mr. Pringle: Now, the prices as given here for power vary, Toronto being
the cheapest at $18.10, and running up to $29.50 at St. Marys, $26 at Hespeler,
$24 at Berlin, $26.50 at St. Thomas, and so on. I may say to you, Mr. Chairman
and gentlemen, that I don't think power at those prices would be of any great
value at Brockville, Cornwall or the other towns in the eastern districts. Now,
you have had great patience, and I know that I am trespassing a little, but if
you will just bear wth me a moment I will soon conclude. We have had every-
thing up here, from manufacturing tacks to beef trusts, and we have got away
almost untirely from the issue. I was more than pleased with what Mr. Kennedy
said, for all over Canada we had the greatest respect for him. There is no man
.who is more conversant with the St. Lawrence river and its conditions than Mr.
Kennedy, who for so long was connected with the harbour works of Montreal.
I was very careful to note what Mr. Kennedy said, because it was the crux of the
whole position. The question before you gentlemen is, ' Is this scheme feasible ' ?
And Mr. Kennedy put it in a very nice and most comprehensive way, because
he covered the whole thing that is before the Commission. He saicl that this
work can be done wisely and safely. Now, is not that the whole position?

Mr. Hilliard: Would Mr. Pringle accept Mr. Kennedy's whole answer?

Mr. Pringle: Just wait, Mr. Hilliard; I did not interrupt you. Mr.
Hilliard gave us a very earnest discourse; I would be very sorry to see our good
friends at Morrisburg disturbed in any way by water. I think our engineers
can meet Mr. HilliarcT's views in regard to that. We are not dealing with that
now, because I don't think it is pertinent here. It is not a question whether the
gentlemen of Cornwall would accept Mr. Kennedy, or the Cornwall Board of
Trade would accept Mr. Kennedy. I will tell you the confidence we have in Mr
Kennedy; that when acting in the interests of the town of Cornwall we looked
about for an arbitrator to represent us on one of the largest questions we had in
the town of Cornwall, whom did we look for but Mr. Kennedy? That is the
confidence we have in Mr. Kennedy; and Mr. Kennedy has stated that this work
can be done wisely and safely. It is a question of detail to be worked out by the
respective governments. I regret that somebody here had to refer to this company
as 'foreigners.' Foreigners? Why, the men who are to-day at the back of
this company have got invested in the Dominion of Canada from 2 to 3 millions
of dollars. That money would have been invested right near the town of Corn-
wall if the town of Cornwall had been in a position to give them power. The
first time I ever saw Mr. Davis was when he came to the town of Cornwall to see
if there was a possibility of getting power. Now, look at our position; I will tell
it to you in a nutshell. Notwithstanding what anybody has said here, there is
not one horse-power to-day on the north side of the St. Lawrence river that can
be developed. It is developed to the limit. There is not one horse-power on the
south side of the St. Lawrence river at that locality that can be further developed;
it is developed to the limit. We have now got to reach out into that river for
development of horse-power. Representing as I do the town of Cornwall, my
instructions are: 'Do everything possible to assist in getting the development

1038 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

of that power so long as Canadian interests are protected'. A great deal has
been said here in regard to government ownership. Surely that is not a question
to be dealt with here. I don't know what views our American friends take n
regard to private ownership as against government ownership. I don't know
what view the government of this country may take. Manj^ of us as individuals
favour private ownership with government control; many favour the other. I
simply got up to correct an impression that may have got abroad that Cornwall
at least — aucl I think I may speak of Brockville, may I not, Mr. Maclaren? — (Mr.
Maclaren: ' Yes') — and Brockville had never been offered power at $12 per horse-
power; and I think I may speak for Prescott and her manufacturers that such a
thing has never been heard of. It has been got up here for the purpose of throw-
ing a little more dust and creating a little more delay in getting this
matter reported on simply as to the feasibility; and if we accept the
evidence of the experts brought here by those who are endeavouring to get the
Bill, and take the evidence of Mr. Kennedy, he frankly admits the scheme is
feasible; all that is necessary is that it should be wisely and properly considered,
and properly done. Surely we have got confidence enough in those who represent
us in Parliament, that thej^ ^vill see that the interests of all parties are amply
protected, and that every detail in every possible way shall be gone into before
this scheme goes through, which we all admit is a very large undertaking. I
thank you very much, gentlemen, for giving me these few minutes.

Mr. Milliard : I would simply reiterate Mr. Beck's promise. The Govern-
ment of Ontario is at stake in that promise, and the Government of Ontario are
prepared to back it up.

Chairman Gibbons : I suppose the Government of Ontario hold out no offer
to the people of New York?

Mr. Hillxard: No.

Chairman Gibbons: This is purely international matter, and I do not see
that that can have a very great bearing. Is there anybody else who desires to
address this meeting? If not, we will adjourn. The public meeting is now
adjourned.

Meeting closed at 1.30 p.m.

APPENDIX 'C
Public Hearing had before Intern.\tional Waterways Commission,

AT ITS OFFICE IN THE FEDERAL BuiLDING, BuFFALO, N.Y., ON FrID.\Y,

March 11, 1910, at 2 P.M. in the Matter of the Power Development at
THE Long Sault Rapids in the St. Lawrence River.

Present —

American Section: Gen. O. H. Ernst, Mr. George Clinton, Commissioners;
Mr. W. Edward Wilson, Secretaiy.

Canadian Section: Mr. Geo. C. Gibbons, Mr. William J. Stewart, Com-
missioners.

Mr. James Logan of Waddington, N.Y., appeared before the Commission
and asked permission to state his objections to the proposed development of
power at the Long Sault rapids in the St. Lawrence river.

I

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1039

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Chairman Ernst: We will be glad to hear what you have to say, Captain
Logan.

Captain Logan: I am very much ol:iligecl and I must saj' I came away
rather unexpectedly because we did not expect to have a hearing before you
, to-day. Yesterday I heard about fifteen minutes before train time that we would
have a hearing.

Commissioner Gibbons: What I said was that I had no power to speak for
the Commission, but that we would have a meeting here.

Captain Logan: We telephoned Mr. Allison at Ottawa. I live in Wad-
dington, twenty miles above where this proposed dam is to be built, and we have
a little power plant down there at Waddington, a dam that has been built down
there for a hundred years. We think that if this dam was built out at the Long
Sault that it would interfere with our dam, so at a public meeting of the citizens
I happened to be the trustee, one of the trustees and president of the village,
and we held a public hearing, and the citizens were unanimous in our making
a protest to the Minister of War against tlie damming of this Long Sault.

I wall just read here what we wrote the Minister and I must say that we
are in a rather peculiar position with our member of Congress, Mr. Malby, who
has introduced the Bill in Congress, and through him of course to the War
Department we should have made our prayer, but we had to go direct to the
Secretary.

Chairman Ernst: Is the paper lengthy?

Captain Logan: No. It isn't very lengthy. It won't take but a short
time. I should have expected to have had a lawyer from Waddington who would
have put this in kind of ship-shape. I am just an ordinary steamboat man.
(Reading)

Washington, D.C, Feb. 3, 1910.

To the Honourable Secretary of War,
Washington, D.C.

Sir, — At a public meeting of the citizens and tax-paj-ers of the village and
town of Waddington on the St. Lawrence river, the following protest was
unanimously adopted, and ordered to be sent to you. As president of the
village of Waddington, N.Y., representing the inhabitants thereof, I desire to
protest against the damming of the Long Sault rapids by the company who are
proposing to do so.

Waddington has a dam between Ogden's island and the main shore, giving
us a water-power which drives our mills, electric light plant, etc., and this dam
has been in existence nearly a centurj', commenced in 1808, finished in 1815,
sometime before the grand sj'stem of Canadian S,t. Lawrence canals were talked
of.

A lock of small size was also built there, but owing to some defect in con-
struction was not used. For years Waddington was the chief centre of manu-
facturing for a large territory on both sides of the St. Lawrence.

Now, sir, should the damming of the Long Sault rapids be done, it would
naturally slacken the speed of the current above the rapids and raise the water.
Then in the winter season, which unfortunately is long and cold, heavy ice
forming along the shores and in the bays, narrows the channel between the
shores so that the floating of anchor ice and the formation of frazil causes jams
between the main shore and island shores, blocking the channel and raising the
water above the blockade. Within the last thirty-five years we have had four

1040 DEPAMTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19fl3

serious ice jams, from as far east as Croil's island, raising the water from normal
winter level to nine or ten feet above, putting our power plant out of business
entirely.

Now, with a dam at the Sault rapids, this condition, or worse, would
unquestionably take place every winter, and the loss could not be estimated,
for the reason that no one could tell how higli the M-ater might rise, or where it
would go when the highest point was reached and the water overflowed. The
last jam in 1905 was the most serious to property owners along both the American
and Canadian shores, from Louisville Landing to AVaddington and Farran's
Point to Morrisburg and hundreds took the trip. The daily returns of the lock-
master at Morrisburg, Ont., will give the water level for February, 1905.

Then again as a navigator of the St. Lawrence, having had some 40 years
service and enjoyed many a trip dovvn the 'Rapids' in behalf of the millions of
Americans and Canadians who have not had the pleasure of a St. Lawrence
River trip, but want to take it in the years to come — in behalf of those, I say,
do not allow any obstructions to the navigation of the grand old St. Lawrence
if in your power to prevent it.

Yours very respectfully,

James H. Logan,

President of Village.
A. B. Shepard,

Secretary.'

That was the protest from the village. Then if you will allow me, this is
just a short letter, this is a personal letter:

'February 3, 1910.
To THE Honourable Secretary of War,
Washington, D.C.

Sir, — In connection with the enclosed public protest from the citizens of
the town and village of Waddington, I -wish to add a few words further for your
information.

Waddington is situated ^vit]lin about thirty miles of the very most north-
easterly corner of N. Y. State, where the boundary line between the U. S. and
Canada leaves the St. Lawrence river and runs southeasterly through the land,
from the Indian Village of the St. Regis Reservation, so that the Long Sault
rapids is the last and most important rapids over which the U. S. Government
has any control, and with its fall of 48 or 50 feet from the head of the rapids to
the St. Regis boundary, a distance of about 15 miles, with the speed of 20 miles
an hour of current in the pitch of the rapids especiallj' on the north side of Long
Sault island or what we boatmen call the Big Sault, these rapids act as an
immense safety valve to carry off the ice and slush which accumulates in the
open river from Ogdensburg to C-ornwall a distance of some 50 miles.

The Galops rapids iiine miles below Ogdensburg with a current speed of
ten miles and Rapid Du Plat directly opposite Waddington on the north side
of Ogdens island witli a 10 or 12 mile current, both act as agitators and keep
the ice and slush moving down stream, and should never be abstracted in the
navigable waters. Gooseneck island is three or four miles below Waddington
and at present an ice bridge has formed from the south shore of the island to
the American shore, and teams are crossing back and forth. But the main
channel, wider and deeper on the north side is still open and we hope may so
remain. We will all be anxious about the ice river conditions, while the cold
weather lasts. I under.stand that a Bill to legalize the damm'ng of the Sault

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1041

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

rapids, is now before our Congress in Washington. If that is so,'I would most
respectfully ask that you give the matter your immediate attention and send
one of your engineers t o look the situation over now, while we are in the danger

zone. , , , ., 1

Waddington, St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., can be easily reached by lailroad,

N. Y. Central from New York to Norwood, and the Norwood and St. Lawrence

to Waddington.

We will render ever> assistance in our power to any one you send.

Yours very respectfully.

Captain James H. Logan,

Waddington, N.Y.

St. Lawrence County.

Now, this was the answer that I got from the War Department: —

War Department,

Office of the Chief of Engineers,

Washington, February 19, 1910.
C\pT. James H. Logan,

Waddington, N.Y.

Sir,— 1. Referring to your letter dated February 3, 1910, and protest enclosed
therewith of the village of Waddington, N.Y., against the construction of a
dam in St. Lawrence river at Long Sault island, I have to inform you that
before a dam can be built at the locality mentioned, it will be necessary to
obtain authority from Congress for its construction. If authorized by that
body, the War Department, in consideration of the matter, would be limited
to such features as affect navigation and are specifically provided for in the
law.

2. A bill providing for the construction of dams, etc., at Long Sault island
;s now pending in Congress, and it is suggested that any representations which
you desire to make in opposition to the measure be made to the committee
having consideration of the Bill in charge, namely:

The Committee on Rivers and Harbours of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Commerce of the Senate.

By direction of the Chief of Engineers.

Yery respectfully,

J. B. Cavanaugh,
662422.25' Major, Corp., of Engineers.

Now, if you will just allow me to read our answer to that —

Chairman Ernst: You are going to file those papers, are you. Captain?

Captain Logan: Well, these are just copies that I kept of the letters that
I sent to the Secretarj'.

'Waddington, N.Y., March 8, 1910.
The Honourable Sec. of War,
Washing-ton, D.C.

Sir, — I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated February 19,
through Major Cavanaugh, of the Engineers, referring to the petition of the
village of Waddington, N.Y., dated February 3, 1910.

1042 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 19,13

We note that you state that the War Department would only be interested
in the Bill now before Congress in so far as it would affect navigation, etc.

In respect to the above, we wish to call your attention to the following points
which we believe, from our past experience and our knowledge as residents
right on the banks of the river, that should the proposed dam be built, it would
very seriously impair the navigable rights of the river and cause much
destruction to the bordering property, both public and private.

E.xamination of the plans of the company shows that it is quite possible
that serious damage would result from the construction of the proposed works.
Engineers have, it is true, g'ven an opinion that there is no probability of juch
damage. On the other band, the opinon of tne residents along the shore and
of the most experienced na^^gators and observers is almost unanimous in hold-
ing that the probab-litj Oi serious damage is very strong.

With all respect to the engineers who have given their opinion, it is sub-
mitted that the question is not an engineering problem, and that no data exists
lor the formation of a reliable engineering opinion. No engineei can tell where
and how ice will be forced when in our rigorous winter climate, the flow of a
mighty river like the St. Lawrence is interfered with. It is a fact that five
years ago, when an ice bridge formed on botli sides ol Croils island, tlie river
just filled up witn ice for twelve miles above, and great damage resulted, and
had the cold weathei held for two or three days longer, the low -lying farms
and islands would have been wiped off the map; and the Long Sault rapids
was working full time. There was no interference there.

The serious ice jams which in past years have done so much damage,
would become a yearh occurrence and completely ruin propeitj' along the
banks of the river on both the American and Canadian sides.

The possible total stoppage ol the flow of the river within its banks, as a
consequence of the contemplated works, is a contingency which cannot be said
to be impossible or remote. The destruction caused by such a stoppage is
•beyond the imagination.

It does not appear to me to be necessary to express an opinion as to whether
the weight of evidence or probability is in favour of the view expressed b\ the
Engineers for this proposed dam, or that of the residents of the locality, who
have intimate knowledge of the history of the river for man\ years past. The
fact there is any — even the slightest — difference of opinion would look to
me as a sufficient reason for considering the proposal. No risk should be
taken in a matter of such %atal impoitance, national and international. Then
again, the proposed plans will change the entire chart for navigation purposes
below the Sault rapids.

The present course through the rapids will be entirely changed: all boats
will be obliged to pass through the locks. The pilots who navigate this section
of the river are unanimous in the opinion that the current below the dam will
be too swift and the channel too intricate for ordinary craft heavily loaded to
even go down stream and no possible chance to come up.

We aie satisfied that if your Department, or Congress, would investigate
this matter from a purely neutral standpoint, having due regard to the views
expressed by the most reliable life-long residents of this district, the decision
would be: .Vo damming of the Long Sault will be considered. Surely our Gov
ernment will not allow any ol our rights in this 'National Heritage' to be
usurped by any private corporation for their own selfish ends, without giving
it their usual careful consideration.

We find ourselves in rather an awkward and peculiar situation, inasmuch
as our representative, Mr. Malby, introduced the Bill now before Congres>
Thus my appeal to you direct in behalf of the residents of the village of Wad-
lington. of which T have the honour to be president.

Yours very respectfully,

James H. Logan •

INTERNATIOXAD WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1043

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

That ij our case. That is, as far as we have gone.

Comni'ssioner Gibbons: You do not th-nk the hiterests of navigation
would be improved l)y this damming of the river?

Captain Logan: I ceitahily do not.

Commissioner Gibbons: Make still water where there are rapids you do
not think would be ap advantage?

Captain Logan: Oh yes, certainlj^, but it would not make still water; it
would not make stil' water below the dam.

Commissioner Gibbons: The flow there would be the same.

Captain Logan: Oh, che flow would Have to be the same. The water has
got to go somewhere and the channel below the Long Sault rapids runs all the
way down to Cornwall to the foot of Cornwall, it is just about as tortuous as
it can be. Just below where they propose to put the dam there is a short turn,
at what we call Pikes eddy, where the current runs against the bank and then
right out around this sharp point is a shoal which narrows the channel up to not
over 400 feet, and then down about three miles below, at Hawkins Point, there
must be good ten miles an hour there and in a narrow channel, but of course
it is deep up to both shores, up to the island shore and the main shore.

Commissioner Gibbons: You do not think it would be possible for boato
to navigate up stream there?

Captain Logan: No, I don't think so. There isn't watei enough anyway
down between Crab island shoal, which is right in the middle of the river, and
of course on the north side there is a narrow channel and on the south side
there is a nariow channel; but a single boat might come up if it had power
enough, but an^ boats we have on the St. Lawrence wouldn't come up there
with a load; not a freight boat on the St. Lawrence would com^ up theie with
a load in.

Commissioner Gibbons: What about going down?

Captain Logan: Well, I say I do rot believe it woald be possible to take a
boat down with a big load in. I do not believe the insurance company would
give any insurance on a cargo going down the river below the Sault.

Commissioner Gibbons: There is no freight boat — yes, they go down
through Farran's Point.

Captain Logan: Yes. It is just as strong, rapid current, but they are
straight. They are straight and of course Farran's Point is very deep; it is
narrow, and it is a bad place.

Commissioner Gibbons: Do they attempt to come up at these points that
you are speaking of?

Captain Logan: They go round Farran's Point to the south. Few of them
will come up there.

Commissioner Gibbons: What do I understand to be your statement as a
navigator in respect to this: the one lock would be an improvement on seven?

Captain Logan: Yes.

Commissioner Gibbons: But where would you be after you got through
the one lock as compared with the seven?

Captain Logan: You would be about a mile below the head of the Corn-
wall Canal.

Commissioner Gibbons: Is that mile a very objectionable feature?

1044 DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19fl3
Captain Logan: We do not use it at all now. It is a very heavy current.

Commissioner Gibbons: I mean would it be if you had put in one lock,
would that one mile be hard to navigate?

Captain Logan : I couldn't say what the speed of the current would be from
the lock to the head of the canal; it might slacken do'mi. As it is now j'ou
couldn't come up with a boat.

Chairman Ernst: You mean the foot of the canal?

Captain Logan: From the breast lock to the head of the canal.

Chairman Ernst: You are speaking of the head. You mean the foot?

Captain Logan: No, I mean the head. You are not coming up from the
new lock?

Commissioner Gibbons: No. I mean to go do^n^ from the new lock to the
foot of the Cornwall canal.

Captain Logan: Oh, well, that is what I am talking about. It wouldn't
be possible I don't think either to go down or come up.

Commissioner Gibbons : Of that mile stretch?

Captain Logan: Oh, this is 12 miles.

Commissioner Stewart: Would there be any objection to putting a dam
further do^\^l; suppose the engineers found they could place a dam a little further
down the river say below or on the Crab Island shoal?

Captain Logan: If they could do that, if they could put it right down at
the foot of the canal.

Commissioner Stewart: Abreast of Cornwall.

Captain Logan: Yes. I don't know how far the slack water would extend
from the dam up to the present Sault. I guess they would have to build a pretty
high dam. There is 48 feet of fall from the head of the Cornwall canal to the
foot.

Commissioner Gibbons: Then you would think that the advantage of
having one lock instead of seven would be done away with because here that 12
miles after you went through the lock you couldn't navigate.

Captain Logan: No. Couldn't navigate below that lock, not to put it at
the foot of Long Sault island.

Commissioner Gibbons: Well then, according to you the lock would be no
good at all if you couldn't navigate it when you got downi.

Captain Logan: Well, there is nine feet at Point Mouhn right abreast and
under the present bridge that goes across there, the New York and Ottawa
Railroad bridge, about nine feet of water there now, normal water. I think
the bridge has about sixty feet head run, a boat with a spar sixty feet could go
under it, and there would have to be a lot of dredging done and blast nig done
before you could get down at Cornwall island.

Commissioner Gibbons : Supposing the dredging were done?

Captain Logan: And the bridge raised.

Commissioner Gibbons: We will assume that, yes.

Captain Logan: That would help it, of course.

Commissioner Gibbons: Then do you think you could navigate?

Captain Logan: You could navigate there, but I don't think you could
navigate around those short turns.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COM MISSION 1045

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Commissioner Stewart: Crab Island shoal.

Captain Logan: Yes, and above there, just around the head of Barnhart's.
You know there is a heavy current there, there must be right in the middle of
the current, 12 miles an hour of current. I never had a current meter in there,
but I should say from coming up alongside there must be a twelve mile an hour
current and there is all the way up to the foot of the Long Sault; I have navi-
gated the Long Sault rapids with small boats ; you can only go do^vn with about
seven feet and go down the South Sault and then swing around the boat of Long
Sault island and come up into the north, just for fun, just to get the swells there
at Sheek's island; but take a big boat with a load in, 225 feet long, loaded to 14
feet, which is our St. Lawrence draught now, I think it would be mighty risky to
attempt it. I wouldn't want to do it.

Commissioner Gibbons: Would a further dam down at the foot of the
canal help any? Do you think in your opinion could there be any manner of
improvement by damming there that would help navigation? It has been
suggested by a very eminent engineer, Mr. Kennedy from Montreal, that it is
feasible to improve navigation by damming these rapids and thereby creating
comparatively still water; that he thinks it is feasible, not under this particular
plan or any particular plan, but that it can be done. Your idea is that it is not
feasible.

Captain Logan: I will tell you, a series of dams might do it, one at
Crab island and one at Point Moulin, and another at the foot of the canal; that
of course would make intervals of still water and do away with the heavy current
around Barnhart's island, and there is the principal point to my notion, getting
around that shoal; of course that would have to be taken out, that would have
to be dredged, but if the whole river was widened out and deepened it certainly
would be more feasible to navigate it.

Commissioner Gibbons : You will see I am getting information, at the same
time I am very glad to get it.

Captain Logan : I do not want to set myself up against any engineer.

Commissioner Gibbons: You quite concede that if navigation could be
improved it is very desirable to develop this power.

Captain Logan: Yes. Well, sir, if it could be improved and no damage
done — of course I am interested in one end of it, Morrisburg, . because we are
expecting to have a big development at Waddington. We have a railroad we
have been waiting for for forty years and it looks as though we would have a
new dam there and a development there, and our present dam is no use if we
have back water.

Commissioner Gibbons: And yours is a sort of a rival proposition?

Captain Logan: No, it isn't a rival proposition, because it was in existence
for 100 years, the first dam in the St. Lawrence; it is between Ogdens island and
the main shore; it cuts off the south side of the river at Ogdens island.

Commissioner Stewart: What head have you there?

Captain Logan: llj^feet.

Commissioner Gibbons : You say this would interfere with that?

Captain Logan: Yes.

Commissioner Gibbons: It would interfere with the head.

Captain Logan: If the water backed up, if the ice formed from the dam at
Croil's island, which I think it would in case the Soo is dammed. Our idea was
that if we got this dam in and got a good development and had to use this power

1046 nEPARTilEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

we woiild have a power for the ice tug to keep the ice broken up between Croil's
island, Gooseneck island and the other islands so that there would be no
formation, so that the water couldn't back up.

Commissioner Gibbons: Would it be feasible, if this scheme is otherwise
desirable, to prevent ice forming in the Long Sault using ice breakers ?

Captain Logan: If that was done we couldn't make any kick if we weren't
interfered A^-ith as long as the ice is kept moving.

Commissioner Gibbons : Do you think that is feasible?

Captain Logan: Well, I should think it would be. I don't se-^ whj i^
wouldn't.

Commissioner Gibbons: If there were ice breakers used, if that were a
condition of this development, you would have no objection as far as Morrisbvirg
is concerned?

Captain Logan: No, if these ice breakers would keep it open, and I don't
see why they couldn't.

Commissioner Gibbons: Then your onlj- objection would be that it would
not improve navigation.

Captain Logan: That is all. It would certairjly damage the low-lying
shores and islands, and if the ice ever filled up as it did five years ago and re-
mained there all -nirter; three days more would hav° put our Morrisburg canal
out of business. I tell you we were pretty anxious standing on the bank and
seeing that ice jam, and we never had an ice bridge between Morrisburg and
Tree island d'T'^ctly opposite three miles below Waddington, never had an ice
bridge there in the memory of the oldest inhabitant.

Commissioner Stewart: Aren't those ice bridges formed by the residents
there?

Captain Logan: Xo, not this last time it wasn't. It wai formed naturally,
a very heavy westerlj' wind raises the water there. I have seen it raise in the
summer time, raise two feet in ten hours, and of course it happened to do the
same thing this winter, and there was an ice bridge just below Alts FI3' and the
water raised the bridge and it swung around and M-ent do'wai on the north side
of Croil's island down there and Farran's point and jammed up to Baker's
point and the anchor ice filled in and the wind went down and lowered the water,
and an easterly wind struck up, and then we had a snowstorm with it and that
made the slush ice and it filled it on the south side and jammed up both sides of
Croil's island, and then of course the weather held for about ten days severe
cold weather, and they were breaking the ice at Ogdensburg with the ferry boat
there, and that of course was going do'mi all the time, and these boats kept
breaking away and filled up 12 miles.

Commissioner Gibbons: Is there anything to prevent under any conditions,
an ice breaking steamer operating between Morrisburg and thisSault lock?

Captain Logan: No, nothing to prevent it.

Commissioner Gibbons: There is no current?

Captain Logan: There is the usual current.

Commissioner Gibbons: But not too heavy?

Captain Logan: No.

Commissioner Gibbons: And the ice never forms.

INTERNATIONAL WATEMWAYS COMMISSION 1047

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Captain Logan: No, not Init what a boat could break it up. Captain
Murphy, who ran the ferry there for tliirty years between Morrisljurg and Wad-
dington, luid the ice breaker built; she used to go down one side of the island,
and if the bridge did form on the opposite side he would come up under below
and break it out and start it away. He did that several times, but of course
we haven't any ferry there now, business doesn't warrant it, and there was
nothing done the last time, it just filled right up.

Chairman Ernst: If that is all, Captain Logan, we will call the hearing
closed.

APPENDIX D.

Public hearing held by the Commission in Toronto, on Friday, April 15, 1910,
on the project of the Long Sault Development Company.

Toronto, April 15, 1910.
The following members of the Commission were present : —

Canadian Section: Geo. C. Gibbons, Esq., K. C, Chairman, Louis Coste,
Esq.

American Section: Brig.-Gen. Ernst, Chairman, George Clinton, Esq., E. E.
Haskell, W. Edward Wilson, Esq., Secretary.

Chairman Gibbons: Mr. Lynch-Staunton is here, representing the Ontario
Government. We arranged to meet him to-day in reference to the Long Sault
matter.

Mr. G. Lynch-Staunton, K. C: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I am here,
as Mr. Gibbons has stated, for the Ontario Government. I have very little
to say to you concerning this question, but I want to put before you the position
which this Government takes. I recognize that any questions which may arise
between ourselves and the Dominion Government are matters of pure indifference
to you; that it is only the international questions with which I presume you will
deal. Now, we claim that the Ontario Government is the absolute owner
of all the water of the St. Lawrence river in the bed of the stream, and the fishes
that float in that stream, in so far as Canada has any claim to that river. In
other words, we claim that, as between us and the Dominion Government the
waters of the St. Lawrence belong to us; and I take it that that goes to the thread
of the stream, or to the international boundary. If that contention of ours
is right — and we think that the British North America Act bears us out, as
illumined by the judgments of the Privy Council — we think that any applica-
tion that is made to dam the St. Lawrence at the point in question here should
be made to this Government. We recognize, of course, that the Dominion
Government is paramount in questions of navigation, and that the Dominion
Government has the right to legislate, and is the Government, if any, which must
treat with the United States. I am not familiar with the state of the law as
to the right of New York State, but as I understand it the people of New York
State own the water in that river, if a State or a State Government can own the
water in a great highway such as this is. Now, from my information, I am not
capable, and I would not for a moment presume to argue with this Commission
as to the advisability or inadvisability of granting this right; but I have had
the advantage of reading the report of the engineers deputed by the Dominion
Government to examine and report on the feasibility and advisability of
Canada consenting to the damming of the St. Lawrence by this company —

1048 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19,13

as I have no doubt you gentlemen have read these reports — and if one can place
any reliance uponthe first reports, it would be utter madness from an international
point of view to allow this work to go on at all. But they point out various
reasons for it, amongst others the chances of this dam being carried away —
that is the dam that goes over the main channel — and the ice that will certainly
gather in the Long Sault Rapids, with the result of flooding over Cornwall
and destroying the lower canals and the reaches of the St. Lawrence, and flooding
the islands, and all those various dangers that they anticipate. With no uncertain
sound they laj^ it down that that would be the result. They have made a
second report in Januarj'', 1910, and in that report they set out none of their
reasons; but they modify their report very substantially, and they say that
if the plans are amended, and various other recommendations that they make
are followed, then the damming might be permitted Now, the Government
of the province of Ontario has never had any of this material put before it;
it has never had the advantage of examining the plans, and is absolutely in the
dark excepting what I have been able to pick up as to the plans of the promoters
■ of this scheme. While I am not for a moment speaking disparagingly of the
report, or casting any doubt on the report of those gentlemen, yet if that report
is reliable, I think that very, very cogent reasons and explanations should be
given to the Governments which are charged with the duty of preserving this
waterway, for departing from the recommendations made in the first report.
In the second report there are no reasons given whatever that one can follow
without the report being interpreted to them by the engineers who made it.
For that reason, and for that reason alone, I ask as a matter of courtesy to the
Government of Ontario that the International Waterways Commission stay
its hand and make no recommendations whatever to either of the Governments
of Canada or the United States or of the State of New York, of their opinion
on this question, until the promoters have furnished us with all the data that
they have or intend to furnish this Commission or the two Governments.
We contend that we have a very great duty to perform to the people of the
province of Ontario. The water, we contend, belongs to us; we have a pro-
prietary interest in it, and it is all within our territory — the Canadian portion
of it — and I believe it is only reasonable that this Government should be given
all the evidence that has been laid before the Doninion Government, and all
the data on which this Commission is asked to form its judgment; and that
after that, we should be given an oppurtunity to criticise that material before
you. Now, I know that I am speaking to engineers of great eminence; and as
I know as much about engineering as a pig does about navigation, I will say no
more except to point out to you, gentlemen, that electrical engineers of the
greatest eminence in the United States were engaged in the construction of
those works in the Niagara river, and the Governments were advised by men
whose judgment was as infallible as it is possible for human knowledge to bring
a man to, and those engineers thought it was perfectly safe to allow the Ontario
Power Company to construct its works on the Niagara river, yet we know
that as a result of that construction there was a jam in the Niagara river this last
winter or the winter before last such as has never been heard of before. That
jam nearly destroyed the proporty of that Ontario Power Company, and created
great alarm on both sides of the river for a long time. I just point this out to
you to show that even the most experienced men, when dealing with great forces
like these, are liable to go at least a little astray; and we feel a deep fear and
concern as to what may happen if the St. Lawrence is dammed — that is, from
the point of safety to the public. Then, as we feel that we have a proprietary
interest in half the water, we think that before us should be laid all those plans
that I speak about, and we should be given every opportunity to criticise them
and give our opinion, and ask that due weight should be given, as I am satisfied

INTERNATIONAL WATJJRWAYS COMMISSION 1049

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

it will be, by this Commission. Now, I know that there has been a good deal
of criticism of this. Other gentlemen have been before you, and you are far
more familiar with the question than I am, and I have only come here for that
simple purpose — to assert our right, and ask as a matter of courtesy to this
Government that the request I make to you will be granted before you act
in the premises. I think I have nothing more to say, and I thank you very much
for your kindness in having heard me.

Mr. Coste: Where was this dam in the Niagara river?
Mr. Lynch-Staunton: It filled up the whole river.
Mr. Coste; In the mouth?

Mr. Lynch-Staunton: Yes. The idea that I have heard put forth by the
engineers is this: As the cutting of the canal of the Power Company comes
around, the water rushes into the canal below the fall. They said the result
M^as that this water running in there formed a wheel-belt and thus coagulated
the ice, which, instead of being in small parts — in the form of snow, in fact —
went dow^l the river in great icebergs, which gradually built themselves up until
they jammed the river. That was the theory and the solution g ven to me by
an engineer of eminence.

I know no more about it than that, but I am told that it never occurred in
the history of the Niagara river before.

Mr. Coste: Oh yes, frequently.

Mr. Lynch-Staunton: That is the ice-bridge. I am not speaking of the
ice-bridge.

Mr. Coste: Yes, the ice at the mouth.

Mr. Lynch-Staunton: Well, I don't contradict you, but I know that this
engineer so informed me, and he made a great study of it and reported to his
Company, and he told me that such a jam as this had never occurred before in
the memory of man. He may be in error, but he gave me that as a fact.

Mr. G. H. Meldrum handed to the Chairman of the Commission the follow-
ing memorandum signed by J. Wesley Allison, and Irwin Hilliard, Counsel for
Ontario, and on behalf of Morrisburg and Williamsburg: —

MoERiSBURG, Out., April 14, 1910.
To the International Waterways Commission,

Gentlemen, — -On behalf of the Municipalities of the Village of Morrisburg,
Township of Williamsburg and To\\'nship of Matilda and all the farming com-
munities between Mille Roches and Prescott, the following arguments are sub-
mitted as a protest against the Commissioners consenting to the construction
of the proposed works in the St. Lawrence river at the Long Sault rapids.

The Commission has so far given several hearings for the purpose of investi-
gating the scheme, but at these meetings the discussion relating to the details,
which are the very essence of the plans, was so curtailed by the Commissioners
that very little information could be gleaned from the Company's represent-
atives. As the Company volunteer only the most vague outline of their project, it
is certainly placing the opposing interests in a very disadvantageous and unfair
position to force them to discuss this question when so many new objections
present themselves as the Company's plans are unfolded.

At a former hearing, it is true that the Commission offered to defraj' the

expenses of an engineer to aid the opposing forces, but this suggestion simply

means that we would be forced to devise or design for the company plans of his

own which would do the least harm to the various interests involved. It is

19a— 71

1050 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. iai3

entirely out of the question to ask any engineer to give an intelligent opinion
on the merits of the scheme from the crude data furnished at these hearings.
It is clear that the above plan is not practical but that the Commission should
make public all those plans and figures vdiich have been submitted by the Com-
panj' or force the Company to reveal for public investigation its plans in much
fuller detail and prove conclusively to just what extent all possible interests
would be damaged or injured. As long as the public are not allowed access to
all the details necessary to form a satisfactory estimate of the effect of the project
just so long should the Commissioners in our opinion delay any decision that
might in any way be favourable to the Company.

From former discussion on this subject before the Commission and from data
collected in the vicinity of the proposed works the following arguments are
believed to be in accordance %\-ith the views of the great majority of the people
in this district bordering on the St. Lawrence river.

1. The Report of the Canadian Government Engineers dated December
15, 1908, sweepingly condemned the essential parts of the proposed scheme
and on January 13, 1909, when they reported on the modifications which had
been made in it as a result of their criticisms, there was a noticeable betterment
in the conception of what Canadian rights amounted to but not to an extent
which permitted Messrs. Butler, Lafleur and Anderson in any waj' endorsing
the amended proposals as satisfactory from a Canadian standpoint. How much
more pruning from the initial ideas of the promoters would be required before
the propcsition can be expected to appeal on its merits as fair and equable,
remains to be determined by careful study of very complicated conditions. It is
doubtful if the promoters would accept the concessions allowed by plans revised
by a Commission of Engineers whom they could not influence, after an exhaus-
tive study of the whole situation. ^

2. Ice jams with their floods.

The St. Lawrence is unique in that it is the onlj' large river in this northern
climate having its open stretches so well provided against ice troubles. Espe-
cially is this true of those sections above Montreal. The lakes at the outlets
of each of these sections form a dumping ground for all the ice which is delivered
and nature has provided them with a sufficient capacity to take care of all ice
carried down and manufactured in the open stream above. In severe winters
that the lake levels do rise considerably is shown by the floods in Cornwall due
to Lake St. Francis filling up \vith. ice. The longest and worst stretch is that
between Prescott and Cornwall which has forty miles of open water besides
three rapids, namely, Galops, Rapide Plat and Long Sault. The amount of ice
delivered by the Long Sault before the breaking up of the lakes is probably as
much as that dehvered by the Cedars and Lachine combined. This is on account
of the much longer and wider stretch of agitated water, where the frazil ice forms;
the numerous bays for borderage ice and the large tracts of snow-swept lands and
ice-fields for slush ice. The swiftness of the current keeping the mass in constant
motion alone prevents the accumulation from uniting, but when a narrow por-
tion of the river has become bridged bj' some large field swinging out from one
shore and striking the other side, then the arrested mass soon cements and
quickly creeps up stream. That its disastrous effects are to be dreaded is evi-
dered by the memorable seasons of 1879, 1887 and 1905. In the latter winter
the bridge began towards the end of January and extended ten miles up stream
to Rapide Plat raising the water twelve feet at Morrisburg and affecting the
river level as far as Prescott. That the tendency for the jams to occur in the
slackened current due to damming the river is self-evident. But, in addition,
the problem of guiding the ice accumulation (consisting of cement-acting slush
and cakes of ice ranging up to twelve and more feet in thickness) over any dams
or through any sluices is something for which there is not any precedent for
engineers to calculate upon. Past experience has shown that, with twelve hours

I\TERNATIOyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1051

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

start, after a bridge has formed it would be impossible for ice breakers or dynamite
to be effective, but that only the warm spring weather would prevent the upward
march of the ice, carrying destruction beyond the imagination of any one. The
possible total stoppage of the flow of the river as a consequence of the works
contemplated is a contingency which cannot be said to be impossible or remote.
All the scientific world know of the investigations and means employed to break
up the jam in the Niagara river last year, and every one has heard of the
strenuous but unsuccessful effort put forth by the Canadian Government to keep
free the lower St. Lawrence of its ice and maintain an open channel. The damage
incurred by the jamming of the channel below the lower rapids (Coteau, Cas-
cades and Lachine) and that often taking place in Montreal harbour gives a faint
idea of the responsibility entailed by arresting the fiow of the river. From past
history we believe that the force of the flood incurred by the recent overflowing
of the river Seine in France, would be nothing as compared to the power of the
much greater volume of water that would overrun the shores of the St. Lawrence
if its natural channel were blocked.

3. River Levels.

The proposed plans will seriously affect the levels of the river above any
dams by causing the water to back up; how far it is difficult to determine.
This will entail a heavy loss on those municipalities who have spent large sums
on their highways, depending upon the very uniform flow of the St. Lawrence
in the past; more particularly will this be felt during the seasons of high water
when many of the farms on the Canadian shore (which is much lower than
that on the American side) will be flooded; all the docks and canal embank-
ments which have been built in accordance with the present state of the river
will require readjustment in height and new facing on account of the higher
wash of the river water. During seasons of low water the eff'ect of the dams
will tend to keep the water higher and thus cause a high tail race, or lessen the
head in all the low head power plants in this section. A Government chart
of this section of the St. Lawrence River prepared in 1896 for the Canadian
Government shows a fall of only 10-85 feet in the distance of 15-7 miles from
the foot of Morrisburg canal to the head of Cornwall canal or an average fall
of only 8 inches per mile. This shows that even a low dam in the river would
cause a noticeable effect in backwater conditions.

That the discharge over the dams will be equal to the present discharge
through an unobstructed channel requires very careful investigation of the
characteristics of the river, but it is a fact that any plans which will make back-
water to be felt for even a few miles upstream from the Long Sault will cause
a smaller discharge over the weir and thus interfere with the depths of the river
from Cornwall to the sea level. Your Commission recently condemned the
placing of a submerged weir across the foot of Lake Erie on account of affecting
the waterways; and their conclusion, after a very thorough investigation,
shows that the low water stages of Lake Erie would be raised about one foot;
that of Lake St. Clair .61 feet and Michigan .27 feet while the oscillations
in Lake Ontario would be increased 5? inches and low water would be made
lower by 4| inches and the depth of the St. Lawrence canals would be diminished
by about 6 • 6 inches. The above decisions show how seriously the levels both
above and below any dam will be affected by that impediment.

4. Navigation.

At present 95 per cent of the whole flow of the river passes down the main
channel between Long Sault and Barnhart Island and the proposed upper
dam will divert 55 per cent of the total flow of the river channel which, at
present, carries only 5 per cent, leaving only 40 per cent passing through the
upper dam by sluices. The reduction of the main channel flow f of its present
volume, will have an effect of indeterminate extent upon the navigation of
19a— 71i

1052 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19i13

the channel below the proposed South Sault lock. So far as the navigation of
the main channel below the proposed South Sault is concerned, the abstraction
of f of the present flow will create a condition, which if not indeterminate,
is at least problematical and it is impossible to state what percentage of the
total flow is required to make navigation as safe as under the present conditions.
It may be claimed that this 40 per cent overflow is only given as an arbitrary
figure and could be regulated by the sluice gates and increased to whatever
volume is necessary to make the main channel safe. This is quite true, but
at the same time we must not lose sight of the fact that the water flowing in
this manner is absolutely lost as far as hydraulic power is concerned. Thus,
according to the company's own plans and estimates, at least 40 per cent with
a possible 90 per cent of the total existing energy would be lost. The proposed
works would be of a permanent nature, and once constructed in this manner
it would be hard to alter the scheme of development so as to utilize a greater
percentage at least if not all of the available energy.

An important point that must not be lost sight of is the physical character
of the channel below the South Sault lock. At present, crafts utilize this
channel going down stream only, and then with considerable difficulty, on
account of the sharp turns, swift course currents and shoal places. At present
pilots with river boats find great difficulty in making the westward trip in that
part of the channel below Barnhart's Island, but how the larger vessels could
na\'igate this and a much more swift and intricate passage immediately below
the sight of the proposed locks is a problem that manj' engineers and navigators
claim cannot be overcome.

The Canadian section of the Deep Waterways Commission insist upon
a Canadian lock, but the available sights are made secondary to the power
houses in as much as the discharge from the latter would interfere with the
down, stream approach to the locks. The passage above the locks must be
made through a channel feeding three power houses and a dam and having a
side pull caused by the upper and regulating dam which would make the lock
approach and wharf accommodation exceedingly dangerous.

The proposed plans ^■ill completely close the channel through the rapids
for free navigation. It will force all boats to pass through locks on both the
downwards and upward trip. The Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company
which do a large tourist traffic, advertise the beauty of these rapids as one of
their main attractions, and besides they would lose a great portion of their
passengers on account of not being able to make the train connections on which
they depend. The delay through locking rafts which now run the rapids is
a matter of great importance to all the navigation interests.

5. Interferes mth Canals.

The Georgian Bay Canal has been proposed and in time will be constructed,
but now the time is right upon us when the Welland Canal must be and will be
deepened to a depth of 24 feet. When Canada wants her inland waterway
via the St. LawTence deepened it ought not and must not be left to a private
company to supply that cheaper and deeper channel. The Company says nothing
about a Cornwall Canal to be deepened to 24 feet and what efi'ect the dams and
dykes would have in such an event, yet will a Canadian Government which
is to spend thirty millions dollars deepening the Welland Canal consent to a
prirate company getting its hands on the verj^ throat of the St. Lawrence? If
a dam is needed on any point on the St. Lawrence to improve navigation on
that river or on any canal that runs out from that river, such a dam must
never pass into the hands of a private company; it must be built and kept for
ever in the control of the central Government which control the waterwaj's.
The interests of navigation are supreme and no interest along the St. Law-
rence or in Canada will suffer by letting this stand aside until the Welland

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1053

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Canal is deepened to 24 feet and the effect of such an enlargement upon our
St. Lawrence shipping is seen.

6. Works a constant menace.

With all due respect to designing engineers, it is often impossible to over-
come the caprice of nature or to foresee the act of some individual intent upon
evil doing. The plans of the Company show the river completely closed by
a series of dams and power-houses. A break in any of these or the carrying
away of the proposed locks which it will be noticed are to have a single lift as
the Sault Ste. Marie canal (which was carried away last year) would cause
untold damage to the lower river. Even the G. T. R. station at Cornwall which
is elevated 191 • 4 is lower than the dam. How far the resultant wave will extend
is difficult to calculate, but it is doubtful if the Lakes St. Francis or St. Louis
would have any influence on the onrush of water; that the town of Cornwall,
the lower portion of its canal and the Soulanges canal would be carried away
is quite probable, while the damage on the Lachine would be considerable.
The floods caused by the breaking of the reservoir in Johnstown in 1889 or the
inundations of the Mill River Valley, Mass., in 1874, would be nothing as
compared to the devastation caused by the breaking away of these works on
the St. Lawrence. There are several dangerous factors which would cause a
break as follows: — Insufficient strength and design; movement in underlying
rock (this movement is sometimes found where a break occurs as at a rapids,
and is found in the wheel pit of one of the power houses at Niagara Falls);
or earthquake or d5Tiamite in the hands of some ill-advised parties (men are
now spending terms in Kingston for an attempt on the Welland Canal some
few years ago.)

7. Scenic Beauty.

The Company in their literature lay great stress on the wonderful sight
of the new locks and the overflow dam as offsetting the beauty of the natural
rapids and untrammelled nature. The trip down this unique rapids which
would be sacrificed, affords a sensation which is very attractive to tourists.
And it is well known that this trip is extensively advertised by navigation com-
panies. Your Commission when considering the situation at Niagara Falls
were greatly influenced by the advocates for the preservation of the scenic
beauty of that waterfall. If this applies in one case should it not be a precedent
in the remainder of the great waterways system?

8. District well supplied.

Although it would be a mistake not to encourage development for water
powers, it would be unwise to encourage one which has no definite purpose
in view. The financial world has learned by sad experience that there must
be a demand for power before any large water-power can be carried with anything
approaching success. It is not necessary to go to Niagara for example, but,
at Massena within three miles of the Long Sault is a plant which was finished
at a cost of ten million of dollars in 1901 and in 1902 was sold for five hundred
thousand according to the 'Engineering News' of those dates. At the present
time there is not a demand in Eastern Ontario but that can be satisfied by cheap
development much nearer the consumer than the proposed development. On
the contrary all the large centres are over supplied and within a radius of 150
miles (which is at the present time economical electrical transmission distance)
there are, outside of any international waters, water-powers available for develop-
ment purposes over two million horse-power. This district has been thoroughly
investigated by the Hydro-Electric Commission of Ontario who have offered
and still offer to meet all demands which could be expected of any transmission
company and to supply the needs of this district at cost which is certainly more
than could be expected of a company selling power for dividend purposes. There

1054 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19(13

is absolutely no market for any large development of power at the Long Sault
and the projectors can onlj' hope to profit by one of two things: —

(1) By hawking the franchise through the money market of the world
and obtaining millions for it on account of its enormous potentialities, or

(2) By holding the franchise till advances in electrical transmission over
much greater distances than at present, in which case its value would be simply
enormous.

Transmitting to New York City or electrifying the American railway
lines will not benefit the Canadian people who own one-half the power in the
river.

The company's engineers state that work will be started first on the United
States side and the Canadian demands (which are nil at the present time) will
be supplied by imported United States power. This means the building up of
industries on the American side and gradually developing the Canadian side to
meet these demands; just as the power companies on the Canadian side at
Niagara are building up New York State where there is not such great compet-
ition for the sale of energy; but when the time comes that Canada will require
this energy for her own industrial use she will find such a loud clamour from the
dependent users in the United States backed by the power company (who are
obtaining larger prices than could be expected in Canada) that it would be
impossible to obtain any fair division in spite of all agreements made a decade
before and especially when 80 per cent of the power houses are located south of
the boundary line.

During the last few weeks as the press and public become better acquainted
with the immensity of the undertaking and the value of the franchise which is
coveted by these schemers, it becomes more and more evident that the whole
Canadian people, and more particularly those bordering on the districts affected
and who have not some selfish interests involved, are becoming greatly agitated
and are unable to understand why influential men who formerly have stood
high in the opinion of the country have allowed themselves to support and assist
these promoters in trying to acquire one of Canada's greatest natural resources.

Although this is a national question and one affecting the whole of Canada
yet it is those living along the river who realize more fully the huge nature of
this project and apprehend with increasing alarm the destruction to property
and obliteration to homes which must follow the damming of the mighty St.
Lawrence.

Yours faithfully

(Signed) J. Wesley Allison, & I. Hilliard,

Counsel for Ontario,
and on behalf of Morrisburg and Williamsburg.

Mr. D. L. McCarthy, K.C. : Maj' I say one word on behalf of the parties
interested in this enterprise? If your Commission do decide do hear the Ontario
Government on this point, might I ask that the hearing be adjourned until such
time as we are able to be represented? As a matter of fact, Mr. Leighton Mc-
Carthy, who has had charge of this matter, left for England last week, and it may
be some time before he vdW be able to get back. In case the Ontario Government
is to be heard, I would therefore ask that in that event you postpone the hearing
for sufficient time to enable him to be present.

Mr. Lynch-Staunton: Pardon me, gentlemen. If you come to the con_
elusion to grant my request, I suggest that you make a direction that the pro"

INTERNATIOXATj waterways COJ/M/SS/O.V 1055

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

meters furnish us with the material or copies of material that they have laid
before the government.

Chairman Gibbons: I might say to you, Mr. Staunton, that the Commission
have not dealt and are not proposing at present to deal with any particular plans.
All that we were considering so far was whether it was possible, under any plans
that would be approved of by both Governments and by this Commission, to
erect these works at this point in the St. Lawrence river. We were forced into
dealing with it, without going into the question of details, by a request with
reference to a Bill before Congress. That Bill provided that the works should
be permitted to be constructed under plans to be approved by both Governments,
and under the provisions of certain laws in force in the United States with
reference to the protection of public interests by reason of the construction of
dams in navigable streams. So that under that particular reference this Com-
mission was not asked to decide as to any particular form or plan of construction
but merely to advise whether, having relation to the fact that this was a bound-
ary stream, it was possible, consistent with the interests of navigation, to permit
this work to go on. The Commission, if it reported that this was a possibilitj^
would then doubtless report that the plans and specifications should be submitted
by the Company to the Commission to be approved of by them, and also to be
approved of by the representatives of both Governments. In so important a
matter it was not at all likely that the plans would be even left to this Commis-
sion to decide but both governments would insist on approving of them;
and that was the idea in the Bill introduced by this Company into
Congress — that the two Governments should approve of the plans.
So that we felt — and that is the reason we had this discussion at the previous
meetings — that we ought in the meantime to hear from all the interests with
regard to the initial question, which was, whether under any plans it was per-
missible to erect a dam at this point of the river. It is certain that so far as the
details are concerned, you will be given them — I hope through this Commission;
but that is another stage altogether in the carrying out of this work.

Mr. Lynch-Staunton : Would you allow me to add something then, that
is just suggested to me?

Chairman Gibbons : Yes.

Mr. Lynch-Staunton: The Government I represent has come to this con-
clusion; that so far as they can influence it, they wish the Commission not to
recommend that the power to dam the St. Lawrence river should be given to any
private corporation; but that if the St. Lawrence is eventually to be dammed
it shall be done by the Governments, under some arrangement made either bet-
ween the State of New York and the Province of Ontario or between the United
States and the Dominion of Canada; and that that dam and all the works con-
nected with that in the generation of electric current should be absolutely and
for ever controlled by the Governments and the countries and not by private

.ndividuals.
I

Chairman Gibbons: I think the Commission agrees with j'ou in that — cer-
tainly that the canals should be absolutely under Government control.

Mr. Lynch-Staunton: What I mean by that is that if the Commission in
their wisdom think it well so to advise, the Company take the power from it,
but that all the dams and works of that description from which this power is
generated should never be allowed to pass out of the control of the Governments
of the United States and Canada. We think that that is of the utmost impor-
tance. It is said that there are 600,000 or 700,000 h.p. to be developed at that

I

1056 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

point. We hope and we believe that in tlie future not only can we light the
country at night, not only can we drive its wheels, but we can heat the homes of
Canada and of New York from the St. Lawrence river. It will not only be a
royal highway but will be the greatest blessing and benefit to the people who live
along its borders; and for that reason we think it never should be allowed to pass
out of the control of these countries. We have no confidence — not speaking
disparagingly of that — in the generosity of any private corporation when it gets
control of such hugh monopolies as that , which amount practically to principal-
ities; and without knowing anything more about it, on general principles we urge
strongly that the Commission will never allow any person to put a proprietary
foot upon any dam in the St. Lawrence river.

Public hearing closed at 3.30 p.m.

SIXTH PROGRESS REPORT OF AMERICAN SECTION.

NOVEMBER 1,1910
Being reports to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of War.

REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE.

International Waterways Commission,

Office of Chairman, American Section,

Washington, D.C, November 9, 1910.

The Honourable Secretary of State,

Washington, D.C.
Sir,—

1. The American members of the International Waterways Commission
have the honour to submit the following report, covering their work under the
Department of State for the period December 1, 1909, to November 1, 1910.

2. As stated in former reports, by Article IV of the treaty between the United
States and Great Britain, signed April 11, 1908, the commission is authorized
to ascertain and re-establish the location of that portion of the international
boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada which passes
through the Great Lakes system, beginning at its point of intersection with
the St. Lawrence River near the forty-fifth parallel of latitude and extending
through the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes and communicating
waterways to the mouth of Pigeon River, at the western shore of Lake Superior.
To do this properly it was found necessary to construct a series of new charts
especially for the purpose.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1057

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

3. The construction of the new charts is being carried on in the BuH'alo office
of the commission by experts from Canada and the United Staes. There are
to be constructed in all 30 charts, including an index chart. In the following
table is given the state of completion of the drafting upon each chart on De-
cember 1, 1909, and also on November 1, 1910, showing the progress made during
the year.

Scale.

Per cent completed.

Chart.

Dec. 1.
1909.

Nov. 1,
1910.

1 . St. Lawrence River

1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-60,000

1-300,000
1-20,000
1-10,000
1-20,000

1-300,000
1-60,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-60,000
1-20,000
1-20,000

1-300,000
1-60,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-10,000
1-20,000
1-60,000

1-300,000
1-20,000

98
100
100
100

100

2. "

100

3. " .

100

4. "

100

5. "

100

6. "

100

7. "

100

9 . Lake Ontario .

11. " .. ..

is

12 . "

13. Lake Erie

98
100
100
100
100
100
100

98

14 Western end Lake Erie •

100

100

16. "

100

17. Lake St. Clair

100

18. St. Clair River

100

19. "

100

20. Lake Huron ...

25

22. St. Marys River ...

100

23. "

80

24. "

95

25. "

95

26. "

80

70

29. Pigeon Bay. ....

30. Index

About 65 per cent of the total work of drafting upon all the charts was com-
pleted November 1, 1910.

1058

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

4. In the following table is given the state of completion of the copper engrav-
ing upon each chart on December 1, 1909, and also upon November 1, 1910,
showing the progress made during the year:

Chart.

Scale.

Per cent

'omp.eted.

Dec. 1,

Nov. 1,

1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20.000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-60,000

1-300,000
1-20,000
1-10,000
1-20,000

1-300,000
1-60,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-60,000
1-20,000
1-20.000

1-300,000
1-60,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
110,000
1-60,000

1,300,000
1-20,000

20
20
10

96

2. "

98

3 "

98

4. "

98

5 "

30

6. "

15

7 "

10

9 Lake Ontario

11 5^ . ...

12 "

13. Lake Erie

95
95
80
80
80
80
80

98

14 Western end Lake Erie

98

98

16 "

98

17. Lake St. Clair

98

18 St. Clair River

98

19. "

98

20 Lake Huron .. .

22 St. Marys River ... .

85

23. "

98

24 "

98

25. "

20

30 Index

About 44 per cent of the total work of engraving upon all the charts was
completed November 1, 1910.

5. During the year all the field work in the survey of the upper Niagara River
and about 50 per cent of the drafting work was completed. The surveys of the
Canadian shore of the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, of the American
shore of Whitefish Bay from Salt Point to Emerson, Mich., and of changes at
West Neebish Channel, St. Marys River, were completed, and observations were
made to locate the positions of all lights upon St. Marys River from Point Iro-
quois to Point aux Frenes.

6. Much study was given to the form and character of the monuments
to be used in marking the boundary upon the ground. Manifestly it is not
expedient to place these monuments upon the turning points, inasmuch as
these points are all in water, where in many cases the monuments would be
obstructions to navigation, and where they would often be very costly to build
on account of great depth. It was decided to place them on shore, one as near
as practicable to each turning point. With the range and distance of the turn-
ing point known, it will be easy to find it whenever it may be necessary to know
it with precision. After careful investigation it was decided to build the monu-
ments of concrete, in the form of the frustrum of a cone with a hemispherical
top. The height above ground is to be 2 feet 6 inches, diameter at base 2 feet,
diameter at top 1 foot 6 inches, radius of hemispherical top 9 inches, foundation
to extend 5 feet below the surface of the ground. A copper pin is inserted in

I

I

INTERNATIONAL' WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1059

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

the top to mark the point with precision. Each monument has a separate
number, cast in its side at the time of fabrication. This type is to be used,
except at the entrance to the lakes, where it is proposed to erect special monu-
ments which shall constitute range marks.

7. Detachable forms of steel for molding the concrete were made from
designs prepared by Mr. W. E. Wilson, secretary of the commission, and the
work of placing the monuments was begun in July upon a small scale at the
eastern extremity of the line near St. Regis in the St. Lawrence River. By
the end of the season, when work was suspended for the winter, 35 monuments
had been placed, covering the reach from St. Regis to Waddington, N.Y., a
distance of approximately 32 miles. The work was experimental and resulted
in demonstrating the neatness and effectiveness of the type adopted. It is
proposed to organize additional parties, and to push the work with vigour during
the next working season.

8. As the greater part of the data upon which the new charts are based
is found in the records of the Engineer Bureau of the War Department, the
commission has been constantly in correspondence with that bureau, and are
desirous to acknowledge the promptness and courtesy of the Chief of Engineers,
Gen. W. L. Marshall, and his successor. Gen. W. H. Bixby, in answering all
its calls for information.

9. The chairman of the American section having been called upon by the
State Department for an estimate of the funds required to carry on the work
during the next fiscal year, submitted an estimate of $20,000 in his letter dated
October 7, 1910. This action was confirmed by the other American members
at their meeting October 28, 1910.

Yours, very respectfully,

0. H. ERNST,

Brig. Gen., U. S. Army, Retired,

Chairman of American Section.

GEORGE CLINTON,
Member of American Section.

E. E. HASKELL,

Member of American Section.
Attest:

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary of American Section.

REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR

International Waterways Commission,

Toronto, Ontario, October 28, 1910.

The Honourable Secretary of War,
Washington, D. C.

Sir, — 1. The American members of the International Waterways Com-
mission have the honour to submit the following progress report covering their
work under the War Department for the year ending November 1, 1910:

1060 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WOBKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19,13

KEGULATION OF LAKE ERIE.

2. The organic act creating the commission prescribed as one of its duties
that it should 'report upon the advisability of locating a dam at the outlet of
Lake Erie with a view to determining whether such dam will benefit navigation'.
It so happens that the term 'dam' may apply to various works of which the
character and object are very different. At the time of passing the act Congress
had before it the report of the' Board of Engineers upon deep waterways between
the Great Lakes and Atlantic tide waters, dated June 30, 1900, in which it
was recommended that the level of Lake Erie be 'regulated',— that is, that
its oscillations be reduced — by means of a submerged weir in connection with
a set of sluice gates placed at its outlet near the head of Niagara River. It
seemed probable that this was the kind of works which Congress had in mind
when using the term 'dam.' Their object would be to raise the low-water
surface of the lake without raising the high-water surface. But the term 'dam'
may also be applied to a submerged weir without sluice gates, the object o*^
which would be simply to raise the level of che lake without reducing its oscilla-
tions. The low-water surface would be raised, but o would the high water
to nearly an equal amount. To distinguish works of this kind from those
designed to 'regulate' the lake, they may be called 'compensating' works.

3. It was evident to the commission that to make a complete study of the
regulation of Lake Erie, it was necessary to make an h}'draulic analysis of the
general regulation of all the Great Lakes. This work was begun soon after
the organization of the commission in 1905, and was not completed until last
year. The conclusions then reached from these studies were that only a very
moderate degree of improvement in regulation over what nature provides is
practicable in any of the lakes, and that, such as it is, this improvement is
obtained at the expense and to the injury of the navigable channels below. In
the case of Lake Erie, it would be possible to raise the extreme low stages about
1 foot, and this in turn would raise the low-water stages of Lake St. Clair about
0-61 foot, and of Lake Huron-Michigan about 0-27 foot, all without appreciable
increase in the extreme high stage. But in doing this the low-water stage of
Lake Ontario would be lowered about 41/2 inches, the available depth in the
St. Lawrence canals would be diminished about 7 '66 inches, and the city of
Buffalo would suffer by increased damage from floods and from a postpone-
ment of the date of opening navigation in the spring. The question of damages
to vested rights was thus introduced in a particularlj- intricate form. While
the advantages of regulation might outweigh the disadvantages if the persons
who were to benefit from the former were identical with those who were to
suffer from the latter, the difference was not great enough to justify the two
Governments in entering upon the vexatious question of damages. The com-
mission therefore decided to recommend that the 'regulation' of Lake Erie be
not undertaken.

4. There remained to be considered the other kind of works covered by
the term 'dam,' or compensating works. The Niagara River at its extreme
UDoer end is an important safety valve for the protection of Buffalo from the
effects of storms upon Lake Erie, and should not be obstructed by a dam, but
it is believed that somewhere in the river between Lake Erie and the Falls a
submerged dam may be placed which will greatly benefit the navigation of
the waters above without injury to those below, and with only minor damages,
if any, to the adjoining lands. Without any attempt to 'regulate' Lake Erie,
the general level of the lake may be raised sufficiently to compensate for the

i

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1061

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

damages heretofore inflicted by the Chicago Drainage Canal and other deterior-
ating influences. To determine the best site for such a dam it was necessary
to make additional surveys. These were begun in July, 1909, but during the
following winter it became evident that it would require many months to com-
plete the maps and the studies required for a report. The commission therefore
decided to submit to the two Governments without further delay the data
which it had collected and the conclusions which it had reached concerning
one branch of the subject committed to it, i. e., the 'regulation' of Lake Erie.
This it did in its report dated January 8, 1910. The report was forwarded
to Congress by the President, and was pubhshed as House Document No. 779,
Sixty-first Congress, second session. An edition was printed also for the use
of the commission, at the joint expense of the Canadian and American sections.
It is the intention of the commission to submit a supplementary report to cover
the subject of compensating works as soon as the necessary surveys and studies
are completed. The field work of the survey and more than half of the work
of constructing the maps have been completed.

LONG SAULT RAPIDS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

5. By letter dated December 24, 1909, copy appended, marked 'A', the
Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives transmitted
to the commission a copy of H. R. 14531, a bill to provide for the construction
of certain dams, locks, canals, and other structures in the St. Lawrence River,
near Long Sault Island, for the development of power, and requested the opinion
of the commission thereon. The subject of legislation to authorize power
development at this place was not a new one. It first came before the com-
mission in 1907 and has had consideration from time to time since then (see
Progress Reports for 1907, 1908, and 1909). Public hearings by the full com-
mission were held in Toronto October 24, 1907, and November 21, 1908, and
at Buffalo February 26, 1909, and by the Canadian section at Montreal Novem-
ber 6, 1907. The letter above mentioned from the Committee on Rivers and
Harbors reviving the subject was considered by the commission at its meeting
in Buffalo January 8, 1910. The Canadian members desired time for further
consideration and particularly time enough to hold another public hearing
in Canada. They stated that the objection, mentioned in our former reports,
of the Prime Minister of Canada, to consideration of the subject had been
withdrawn. The desired public hearing was held at Toronto on the 8th and
9th of February, 1910, but again the Canadian members desired time for further
consideration, and action was deferred until the next meeting. At a meeting
held in Buffalo March 11, 1910, the subject was again considered, but the
Canadian members were still not prepared to join in a report. By this, time
the session of Congress was so far advanced that no further delay was per-
missible if the report was to be of any service to the Committee on Rivers and
Harbors. The American members felt compelled to express their own views, and
did so in a letter dated March 11, 1910 (copy appended, marked B). Subse-
quently there was another public hearing at Toronto April 15, 191(), but the
commission took no action, and the subject may for the present be regarded
as closed.

INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY.

6. The work of the commission in ascertaining, re-establishing, and marking
the course on the ground of the portion of the iiiternational boundary which

1062 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

passes through the Great Lakes system and the St. Lawrence River is des-
cribed in a separate report addressed to the Honourable Secretary of State.

Yours, very respectfully,

0. H. ERNST,

Brig.-Gen., U. S. Army, Retired,

Chairman of American Section,

GEORGE CLINTON,
Member of American Section,

E. E. HASKELL,
Attest: Member of American Section.

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary of American Section.

APPENDIX A.

Committee on Rivers and Harbors,

House of Representatives,

Washington, D.C, December 24, 1909.

Brig.-Gen. 0. H. Ernst,

Chairman International Waterways Commission,

605 Fourteenth Street, City.
My Dear Sir,— Inclosed please find copy of H.R. 14531, a Bill to provide for
the construction of dams, locks, canals, and other appurtenant structures in the
St. Lawrence River at and near Long Sault Island, St. Lawrence County, N.Y.
This committee would be glad to have the opinion of your commission on this
bill.

Very respectfully, yours,

D. S. ALEXANDER,

Chairman.

(Sixty-first Congress, second session. A. R. 14531. In the House of Representat'ves, December 14, 1909.)

Mr. Malby introduced the following bill, which was referred to the Committee
on Rivers and Harbors and ordered to be printed.

A BILL to provide for the construction of dams, locks, canals, and other appur-
tenant structures in the Saint Lawrence River at and near Long Sault
Island, Saint Lawrence County, New York.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the Long Sault Development
Company, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York, its
successors and assigns, be, and they hereby are, authorized to construct, main-
tain, and operate for water-power and other purposes a dam or dams across
the Saint Lawrence River between points on the United States and Canadian
shores of said river near Long Sault Island or Barnharts Island or Sheek Island,
and the said islands, or any of them, and between said islands, in and across so
much of the said river as lies south of the international boundary line between
the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada, either independ-
ently or in connection with like works now erected or to be erected in and across
so much of said river as lies to the north or Canadian side of said international

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1063

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

boundary line, and in connection with such dams or dams, a bridge or bridges
and approaches thereto, and a lock or locks, a canal or canals, and other struct-
ures appurtenant thereto: Provided, That such dam or dams, lock or locks,
canal or canals, and other structures appurtenant thereto shall be construct-
ed, maintained, and operated in all respects subject to and in accordance with
the provisions of the act entitled 'An act to regulate the construction of dams
across navigable waters,' approved June twenty-first, nineteen hundred and
six: And provided further, That such bridge or bridges and approaches thereto
shall be constructed, maintained, and operated in all respects subject to and
in accordance with the provisions of the act entitled 'An act to regulate the con-
struction of bridges over navigable waters,' approved March twenty-third,
nineteen hundred and six, except that the actual construction of the works
hereby authorized shall be commenced within one year and completed within
fifteen years from the date of the passage of this act, or from the date of the
consent of the proper authorities of the United States of America and the
Dominion of Canada to the construction of said works, or of the approval of the
plans and specifications and location and the accessory works therof ; and this act
shall not be construed as authorizing said company, its successors or assigns, to
construct the said dams, canals, locks, and other works until such consent and
approval shall be obtained.

APPENDIX B.

Buffalo, N.Y., March 11, 1910.
Hon. D. S. Alexander,

Chairman, Committee on Rivers and Harbors,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

Sir, — The American members of the International Waterways Commission
have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of Decembr 24, 1909,
transmitting a copy of H. R. 14531, a Bill now before Congress, and requesting
the viQws thereon of the International Waterways Commission. Your letter
was laid before the commission at its meeting in Buffalo on the 8th of January,
1910, but no action was taken, the Canadian members desiring further time for
consideration, and particularly time enough to hold a public hearing in Canada.
This public hearing was held at Toronto on the 8th and 9th of February, 1910,
but again the Canadian members desired time for further consideration, and
action was deferred until the next meeting. At a meeting held in Buffalo
to-day the subject was again considered, but the Canadian members were still
not prepared to join in a report. The American members feel that if the report
is to be of any use to your committee at the present session of Congress it must
be submitted without further delay, and they therefore submit their own views
at this time, not without hope that the full commission may be able to concur
in a joint report hereafter.

The Bill authorizes the Long Sault Development Company, a corporation
organized under the laws of the State of New York, to construct certain dams,
locks, canals, and other structures in the St. Lawrence River near Long Sault
Island. We have obtained from the company an outline of their plans. In
cooperation with a Canadian corporation — the St. Lawrence River Power Com-
pany— it is proposed to construct a dam from the American shore to Long
Sault Island, another dam from the foot of Long Sault Island to Barnhart
Island, and another from Barnhart Island to the Canadian shore, thus damming
the entire river making all of its surplus waters available for power pur-
poses. Locks are to be introduced, and the open navigation of the rapids, which

1064 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 19,13

is now available only for a part of the do^mistrcam traffic, vdW be changed to
slack-water navigation, which will be available for all traffic, whether upstream
or dowaistream. It is entirely possible that a scheme of this kind, if carried
out under proper government control, would be of great advantage to both the
United States and Canada. Under proper plans the navigation of the river
might be much improved, while a large amount of cheap power would be created
and made available for use on either side of the boundary.

The St. Lawrence River is a great commercial highway, the importance of
which is increasing with the growth of the coimtry tributary to it. At various
places the river is obstructed by rapids, as at Long Sault Island, and at these
places lateral canals have been constructed by the Canadian government through
which the principal traffic of the river passes, a few passenger steamers using
the open river on their downstream trips. As the country has developed and
as the economical size of vessels has increased, the facilities offered by these
canals have become less and less adequate. A demand for improved facil-
iUties alreadj' exists and is sure to grow. Probably the best way to secure
the wide and deep channels required is to canalize the open river, and inci-
dentally this method of improvement gives an opportunity to develop an impor-
tant water power. Where both banks of the river are under one jurisdiction,
as is the lower St. LawTence, the difficulties to be encountered are purely engi-
neering difficulties. Where the river constitutes a part of the international
boimdary, as at Long Sault Island, there are also political difficulties.

In either case the primary object of damming the river should be the improve-
ment of na\agation. The levels of the pools and the height and location of
the dams should be fixed with that purpose in view, the development of power
being incidental and secondary. And it follows that the Government must have
such control of the works after their completion as shall insure their perma-
nency and their proper manipulation in the interest of navigation. Its control
must be so complete that it may be doubted whether it can be secured without
actual ownership.

It is in the interest of civilization that the St. LawTcnce River, where it forms
part of the international boundarj', should not go imdeveloped, either for nav-
igation or power. If the two Governments could unite in a scheme for canal-
izing it at public expense, the problem would be solved in the most satisfactory
way. No such scheme is before us, and it does not seem probable that the
United States Government, having in view the more pressing demands upon
its Treasury for the improvement of its navigable waterways, will in the near
future be prepared to join in canalizing the St. Lawrence. If the St. Lawrence
is to be improved within the present generation, it seems to us that it must be
done either bj^ the Canadian government alone or by the enlistment of private
capital.

It is the latter alternative only that the Bill brings under discussion. We
have endeavored to find a solution which is at least practicable, if not the most
satisfactorJ^

If private capital is to be enlisted, it must be under complete government con-
trol. The difficulties in the way of such control, which arise from the inter-
national character of the stream, are considerable, but it seems to us possible to
overcome them. Among the elements of government control are: (1) Legisla-
tion authorizing the construction of the works, and prescribing the conditions
necessary to protect navigation and other public interests: (2) careful scrutiny
of detailed plans by the executive and requirement that they conform to the
conditions prescribed by the legislature; (3) supervision by the executive of
the construction of the works, and the requirement that they conform to the
approved plans; (4) establishment and enforcement of regulations for operating
the works. It seems to us possible to secure co-operation of the two Govern-
ments in all these respects. It is, of course, impracticable for the legislatures

INTERNATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1065

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

of the two countries to act simultaneouslj'. One must act in advance of the
other; but if any law which the first may pass shall contain the proviso that
it shall become operative only after the approval of the other, co-operation in
legislation will be secured.

Co-operation in the approval of plans, the supervision of the construction of
the works, and the establishment and enforcement of regulations for operating
them can be obtained through this commission by giving it executive authoritj^;
that is, by making its advice potential to the executives of the respetcive coun-
tries.

The Bill referred to us seems to recognize the necessity of co-operation between
tiie two Governments, but it does so in a vague way, and is much less explicit
than it should be. A separate section should be introduced, worded as follows :

'Section — .This Act shall not become operative until the government of the
Dominion of Canada shall signify to the Secretary of State of the United States
its consent to the construction of such dam and other structures: Provided, that
if said consent not be given within two years from the date of this act, then this
act shall be null and void.'

The conditions provided in the Bill for the protection of navigation and other
public interests are contained in a reference to two United States laws which
apply to streams which are exclusively American. To make them applicable to
the St. Lawrence the following additional provisos should be introduced:

' A nd ■provided further, that all plans, drawings, and maps, and all deviations
therefrom and modifications therof, either before or after completion of the
structures, and all conditions and stipulations which may be imposed in connec-
tion with the erection, use, and operation of the dams and works shall first be
submitted to and approved by the International Waterways Commission : And
■provided further. That the construction, maintenance, regulation, and operation
of such structures shall be in accordance with any agreement which may be
made in reference thereto between Great Britain, acting on behalf of the Do-
minion of Canada, and the Secretary of State of the United States, acting on
behalf of the United States, with the assent of the Secretary of War. '

Additional sections should be introduced as follows, viz: —

' Sec. — The dam or dams, and lock or locks, and other works shall be con-
structed under the supervision of an engineer to be designated by the Secretary
of War; when completed the title to the lock on the south side of the boundary
shall be conveyed to the United States, together with perpetual right of access
thereto bj' the officers and employees of the United States over any and all
parts of said dam and over any and all approaches thereto and over any and all
bridges. The Long Sault Development Company shall maintain said locks,
dams, bridges, and approaches and make all repairs thereon in such manner and
at such time as may be directed by the Secretary of War, and in case of its
failure to do so the Government of the United States may maintain said works
and make repairs at the expense of the said company, which company shall
re-imburse the United States therefor. Of the power generated by the works
herein authorized, an amount which in the opinion of the Secretary of War
shall be sufficient to operate any lock or locks which may be constructed shall be
furnished free of charge to the Government of the United States.

'Sec. — .When completed the title to the dam or dams on the south side of
the boundary shall be conveyed by the Long Sault Development Company to the
United States, subject to lerpetual right of user by the Long Sault Development
Company and its successors, without payment for such use, except in case of
forfeiture: Provided, That in case the said company shall at any time violate
any of the provisions of this Act, or fail to comply with the directions of the
Secretary of Var of the Chief of Engineers, or with any conditions or regu-
lations which may be imposed by the International Waterways Commission,
with the approval of the Secretary of War, or with any conditions or regulations

19a— 72

1066 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

which may be made pursuant to any agreement between the United Sates and
Great Britain, on behalf of the Dominion of Canada, the President of the United
States may declare tl e said right of user forfeited, and so much of said dam or
dams and their approaches, and of said bridges, as lie south of the boundary,
shall thereupon become the property of the United States, free and clear of said
right of user.

'Sec. — .The United States shall be entitled to use the waters impounded by
said dam and works for the purpose of operating the lock or locks which may be
constructed south of the boundary line, in such manner and at such times as the
Secretary of War may require, and the United States shall at all times ha-ve
the right to control the use of the dam or dams and the levels of the pool or pools
forme 1 thereby, to such extent as maj- be deemed necessary by the Secretary of
War to provide proper facilities for navigation, and the Avithdrawal of water
from such pool or pools for the purpose of generating power shall be subject to
such regulations as may be made by the secretary of War, or by the Inter-
national Watem-ays Commission, with his approval, and shall at no time be such
as to impede or interfere with the safe and convenient navigation of the said
river by means of steamboats or other vessels or by rafts or barges.

'Sec. — .The Long Sault Development Company, its successors and assigns,
shall construct such suitable fishways at said dam or dams as may be required
from time to time by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor. '

The time allowed in t'le Bill for completing the t -orks — fifteen years — seems
to us too great. We recommend that it be reduced to five years, and that a new
section be introduced as follows, striking out all of the Bill after the eighteenth
line on page 2: —

'Sec. — .The actual construction of the works lerein authorized shall be
begun within one year and completed within five years from the date when this
act becomes operative.'

The principle that after navigation is fully provided for the surplus water
available for power purposes shall be equally divided between the two countries .
is not mentioned in the Bill, but should find a place there. We recommend that
an additional section be introduced, worded as follows: —

'Sec.^ — .One-half the power generated by the works herein authorized shall
be delivered in Canada when needed there, an the other half shall be de'ivered
in the United States when needed there, and the price charged .shall be the same
on either side of the boundary: Provided, That in case a market can not be
found in one country for the full share thus assigned to that country, the surplus
may be temporily diverted to the other countr}-, but shall be returned to the
country to which it belongs when needed there.'

Finally, a section should be added to the Bill reserving the right to alter,
amend, or appeal it.

A copy of the Bill altered to conform to these views is herewith inclosed.

Yours, very respectfullj',

O. H. ERNST,
Brig. Gen., U.S. Army, Retired,

Chairman, merican Section,

GEORGE CLINTON,
Member, American Section,

E. E. HASKELL,

Attest : Member, American Section.

W. Edward Wilsow,

Secretary, American Section.

3 GEORGE V. _ _ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

1911

19a— 72^ 1067

3 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1>9a A. 1913

AMERICAN SECTION.

SEVENTH PROGRESS REPORT.

DECEMBER 1, 1911
Being Reports to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of War

REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE.

International Waterways Commission,
Office of Chairman American Section,
Washington, D.C., Decenber 8, 1911.

The Hon. Secretary of State,

Washington, D.C.

Sir, — 1. The American members of the International Waterways Commis-
sion have the honour to submit the following report, covering their work under
the Department of State for the year ending November 1, 1911.

2. As stated in former reports, by Article IV of the treaty between the
United States and Great Britain signed April 11.1908, the commission is autho-
rized to ascertain and re-establish the location of that portion of the International
boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada which passes
through the Great Lakes system, beginning at its point of intersection with the
St. Lawrence River near the forty-fifth parallel of latitude an^ extending through
the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes and connecting waterways to the
mouth of Pigeon River at the western shore of Lake Superior. To do this pro-
perly it was found necessary to construct a series of new charts especially prepared
for the purpose.

3. The construction of the new charts is being carried on in the Buffalo
office of the commission by experts from Canada and the United States. There
are to be constructed in all 30 charts, including an index chart. In the following
table is given the state of completion of the drafting on each chart on November
1, 1910, and also on November 1, 1911, showing the progress made during the
year.

1069

1070

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORK.^

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Per cent completed.

Chart.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29-
30.

St. Lawrence River.

Eastern end Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario : 1-300,000

Niagara River

20,000
10,000
20,000

Lake Eric 1,300,000

Western end Lake Erie.
Detroit River.

Lake St. Clair.
St Clair River.

Lake Huron

North end Lake Huron.
St. Marys River

Eastern end Lake Superior.

Lake Superior

Pigeon Bay

Index

1,60,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-60,000
1-20,000
1-20,000

1-300,000
1-60,000
1-20.000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-10,000
1-20,000
1-60,000

1-300,000
1-20,000

15

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
15
98
96
90
98
100
100
100
100
100
100

25

60

100

100

80

95

95

98

95

98

80

98

70

98

20

About 81 per cent of the total work of drafting upon all the charts was
completed November 1, 1911.

4. In the following table is given the state of completion of the copper
engraving upon each chart upon November 1, 1910, and also upon November
1, 1911, showing the progress made during the year.

Scale.

Per cent completed.

Chart.

Nov. 1,
1910.

Nov. 1,
1911.

1 . St. Lawrence River ... ...

1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-20,000
1-60,000

1-300,000
1-20,000
1-10,000
1-20,000

1-300.000
1-60,000

96
98
98
98
30
15
10

98

2. "

98

3. " .... . . ..

98

4. "

98

5. "

98

6. "

98

7. "

98

5

9. Lake Ontario .

90

11. "

95

12. "

13. Lake Erie

98

98

98

14. Western end Lake Erie

98

INTERXATWy-AL ^yATERWAYS COMillSSION 1071

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Chart.

1.5.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Detroit River

Lake St. Clair..
St. Clair River.

Lake Huron

North end Lake Huron.
St. Marys River

Eastern end Lake Superior.
Lake Superior —

Pigeon Bay

Index

About 67 per cent of the total work of engraving upon all the charts was
completed November 1, 1911.

5. During tl e year special surveys were made of Hickory and Arabella
Islands and other small islands, located northeast of Wolfe Island, of a portion
of the Rift between Wells and Hill Islands, of American Island and other small
islands in the vicinity above Brockville. Ontario, all in the St. Lawrence River;
also of False Detour Passage and portions of Drummond and Cockbum Islands,
in the northern part of Lake Huron; also of PigeoQ Bay, in Lake Superior.

6. For the construction of monuments three parties were organized and took
the field at the beginning of the working season. In connection with the work
of construction, each party conducted a triangulation survey, by which the monu-
ments are accurately located.

7. One party took up the work in the St. La'wrence River, near Waddington,
N.Y., where it was suspended last autumn, and carried it as far as the east
end of Wolfe Island, a distance of about 70 miles, placing 45 monumeots during
the season. The triangulation survey was completed to the same point.
Including the work of last year, 81 monuments have been placed in the St.
Lawrence River, covering a distance of about 103 miles. About 16 miles more
remain to be monumented before reaching Lake Ontario. This work will be com-
pleted next year.

8. Another party worked in the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, and placed
58 monuments, completing that work. The triangulation system had been
carried as far as St. Clair, Mich., on November 1, and it was expected that it
would be completed to Lake Huron during November.

9. A third party worked in the St. Marys River and the northern end of
Lake Huron. It placed 36 monuments, and completed the triangulation survey
in connection therewith, which carried the work from False Detour Passage to a
point immediately below St. Marys' Rapids,a distance of about 48 miles. About
27 miles more remain to be monumented before reaching Lake Superior. This
work will be completed next year.

10. A party was also employed for a part of the season in the survey of
Pigeon Bay, in Lake Superior. The work, consisting of a small triangulation
system, the topography of the bay, and some inshore hydrography, was com-
pleted and 4 monuments were placed.

1072 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1313

11. As the greater jjart of the data upon which the new charts are based
is found in the records of the Engineer Bureau of the Jar Department, the
commission has been constantly in correspondence with that bureau, and are
desirous to acknowledge the promptness and courtesy of the Chief of Engineers,
Gen. W. H. Bixby, in answering all its calls for information.

Yours very respectfully,

O. H. ERNST,
Brigadier General, United States Army, Retired,

Chairman of American Section,

GEORGE CLINTON,
Member of American Section,

E. E. HASKELL,

Alembor of American Section.
Attest :

W. Edward Wilson,

Secretary of American Section.

IMKKXMIOXAL WAIKU'WAWS COMMIS.SIOX 1073

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Memorandum for the Deputy Minister of Public Works covering the
work of the International Waterways Commission during the
Calendar Year 1911.

Office of the Canadian Section,

Ottawa, Dec. 31, 1911.

SiH, — During the calendar year 1911, the International Waterways Com-
mission has held regular monthly meetings at Buffalo, N. Y., and Toronto, Ont.,
alternately. In the intervals between the meetings the collection and study of
the data bearing upon the various questions submitted to its consideration were
continued.

The Commission has declined, for lack of j urisdiction, to consider the follow-
ing questions: —

1. An application from Henry Sj^mond for diversion of water from the
Welland canal for power purposes;

2. An application from the firm of Blake, Lash, Anglin & Cassels, barristers
uf Toronto, requesting, on behalf of the Ontario and Mimiesota Power Company,
Limited, the approval bj' the Commission of the plans of a proposed dam at
Kettle Falls, on the Rainy river.

The Commission took occasion of the presentation of the above questions
to its consideration to pass the following resolution at a regular meeting held in
Toronto on November 3, 1911:

"That, in the opinion of this Commission, all further work undertaken
"by its members is limited to the questions which were under consideration
"at the time of the appointment of the Joint International Commission,
"under the Treaty of January 11, 1909, viz:

"1. A final report on 'the advisability of constructing a dam at the
"outlet of Lake Erie;

"2. The re-demarcation of the International Boundarj- under the Treaty
"of April 11, 1908."

Regulation of Lake Erie.

Dm-ing the year 1911, a committee composed of Commissioners Coste and
Haskell were engaged in the completion of the study of the regulation of Lake
Erie. As stated in previous reports, the above investigation is being made to
ascertain whether or not the level of Lake Erie will be raised by the construction
of a submerged weir in the Niagara river in order to benefit navigation.

The Act of Congress of the United States, approved Januarj' 13, 1902, which
requested that tlie Government of Great Britain be invited to join in the forma-
tion of this Commission, defined one of its duties as follows:

"Said Commissioners shall report upon the advisability of locating a dam
"at the outlet of Lake Erie with a view to determining whether said dam
"will benefit navigation, and if such structure is deemed advisable shall
"make recommendations to their respective Governments looking to an
"agreement or treaty which shall provide for the construction of the same
"and they shall make an estimate of the probable cost thereof. '
This entailed the collection of an immense amount of data and several
years of investigation and research.

1074 DEPARTiIE\T OF PIBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

A preliminarv report upon this question has been prepared and published in
Buffalo, N.Y., on January 8, 1910. See Page — .

The Commission, in brief, recommended that the construction of works de-
signed to "raise the low water surface witliout raising the high water surface"
should not be undertaken, principally because such a dam would injuriously
affect navigation in Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence river and canals. The invest-
igation, however, has led the Commission to think that it might be possible to
place a submerged weir near the end of the Niagara rapids that would improve
the appearance of the Falls, improve navigation in the Niagara river, would
raise the low water level of Lake Erie, and consequently, Lakes Huron and
Michigan without causing any injury to Lake Ontario or to the St. Lawrence
river and canals. To determine this question, further studies, including a survey
of the Niagara river, from Niagara Falls to Lake Erie, were required. The
survey has been commenced last year and is now completed. Study was' given
to the question of locating and designing the dam; but the work is not yet
completed. It is expected, however, that a final report upon the subject
will be submitted during the coming .year.

Internation.^l Boundary.

As stated in former reports, by Article I\' of the Treaty between the United
States and Great Britain, signed April 11, 1908, the Commission has been
directed to ascertain and re-establish the location of that portion of the "Inter-
national Boundary line between the L^nited States and the Dominion of Canada
which passes through the Great Lakes system beginning at its point of intersec-
tion with the St. Lawrence river near the forty-fith parallel of latitude and
extending through the St. Lawrence river and the Great Lakes and connecting
waterways to the mouth of Pigeon river at the western shore of Lake Superior."

During the season of 1911, from April to November, four (4) parties were
sent out. The first party built forty-nine(49) monuments on the St. Lawrence
river, from ISIorrisburg to the northeast end of ^Yolfe island, and carried on at the
same time the triangulation necessary to fix accurately the position of these
monuments on the boundary charts; the second built fifty-eight (.58) monuments
on the Detroit and St. Clair rivers, and carried on the necessarj^ triangulation to
locate the exact position of these monuments on the charts; the third built
thirty-two (32) monuments on the St. Marys river, from Detour to Sault Ste.
Marie, locating the same by triangulation; the fourth was employed for a short
time in building four (4) monuments at the mouth of Pigeon river and in triangu-
lation work also to fix the position of these monuments on the boundary charts.

The aggregate number of men emploved on field work during the Spring,
Summer and Fall of 1911, was thirty (30).

In addition to the field work, the work of constructing the boundary charts
was proceeded with in the Buffalo office of the Commission bj' experts of nine (9)
draughtsmen and engravers from Canada and the LTnited States. As stated in
former reports, there are to be constructed in all thirty (30), charts including
an index chart.

The draughtsmen have completed last year the work of seven (7) charts of
the St. Lawrence river, two (2) charts of Detroit river, two (2) charts of St Clair
river, one (1) chart of the western end of Lake Erie, and one (1) chart of the St
Marys river. They had also commenced draughting some of the other charts.
Eighty-one per cent (81%) of the total work of draughting upon all the charts
was completed bj^ November 1, 1911.

INTERNATIOyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1075

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

The engravers have also done good work during last year upon charts of
the St. Lawrence river, Lake Erie, Detroit river, Lake St. Clair, St. Clair river
and St. Marys river.

About sixty-seven (67%) per cent of the total work of engraving upon all the
charts was completed on November 1, 1911.

If the same rate of progress is made, the Commission will complete its work
•during the fiscal year 1913-14.

The whole of which is respectfully submitted.

THOMAS COTE,

Secretary Canadian Section.

James B. Hunter, Esq.,

Deputy Minister of Public Works,
Ottawa, Ont.

3 GEORGE V.

SESSIONAL PAPER No. IQa

A. 1913

1912

1077

1078 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

AMERICAN SECTION PROGRESS REPORT.

International Waterways Commission,

Office of Chairman, American Section,

Washington, D.C, Xovember 27, 1912.

The Secretary of War,

Washington, D.C.

Sir, — 1. The Act making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the
Government, approved August 24, 1912, contained the follownng item, viz:

'For continuing until December thirty-first, nineteen hundred and twelve,
the work of investigation and report by the International Waterways Commission
authorized by section four of the river and harbour act approved June thirteenth,
nineteen hundred and two, $10,000: Pro-\aded, That report as to the progress
of the work be made by the American commissioners to Congress at the beginning
of the next session. '

In compliance with these instructions the American commissioners have
the honor to submit the following report for transmission to Congress.

2. The International Waterways Commission originated with section 4
of the act of Congress making appropriations for rivers and harbors approved
June 13, 1902, which reads as follows:

'That the President of the United States is herebj- requested to invite
the Government of Great Britain to join in the formation of an international
commission, to be composed of three members from the United States and
three who shall represent the interests of the Dominion of Canada, whose
duty it shall be to investigate and report upon the conditions and uses of
the waters adjacent to the boundary lines between the United States and
Canada, including all of the waters of the lakes and rivers whose natural
outlet is by the River Saint LaAvrence to the Atlantic Ocean, also upon the
maintenance and regulation of suitable levels, and also upon the effect
upon the shores of these waters and the structures thereon, and upon the
interests of navigation by reason of the diversion of these waters from or
change in their natural flow; and, further, to report upon the necessary
measures to regulate such diversion, and to make such recommendations
for improvements and regulations as shall best subserve the interests of
navigation in said waters. The said commissioners shall report upon the
advisability of locating a dam at the outlet of Lake Erie, with a view to
determining whether such dam will benefit navigation, and if such structure
is deemed advisable shall make recommendations to their respective Gov-
ernments looking to an agreement or treaty which shall provide for the
constructioii of the same, and they shall make an estimate of the probable
cost thereof. The President in selecting the three members of said comt
mission who shall represent the United States is authorized to appoin-
one officer of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army, one civil
engineer well versed in the hydraulios of the Great Lakes, and one la^N'j^er
of experience in questions of international and riparian law, and said com-
mission shall be authorized to employ such persons as it may deem needful

IMEKyATIUXAL If r/T-.'A'llAl'.S' COMMISSION 1079

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

in the performance of the duties hereby imposed; and for the purpose of
paying the expenses and sahiries of said commission the Secretary of War
is authorized to expend from the amounts heretofore appropriated for the
Saint Marys River at the Falls the sum of twenty thousand dollars, or so
much thereof as may be necessary to pay that portion of the expenses of
said commission chargeable to the United States.'

3. The invitation here authorized was duly communicated to the Govern-
ment of Great Britain by the American ambassador in London, bj^ letter dated
July 15, 1902, and was accepted by letter from the British foreign office dated
June 2, 1903. The American members were appointed October 2, 1903. They
were Col. 0. H. Ernst, Corps of Engineers, United States Army (now brigadier
general, retired); Mr. George Clinton, of Buffalo, N.Y., and Prof. Gardner S.
Williams, of Ithaca, N.Y. In 1905 Prof. Williams resigned and was succeeded
by Mr. George Y. Wisner. Mr. Wisner died in 1906 and was succeeded by Prof.
Eugene E. Haskell, of Ithaca, N.Y., dean of the civil engineering department
of Cornell University. ^ There was a delay of several years in the appointment
of the Canadian members. Finally on the 10th of January, 1905, the following-
named gentlemen were appointed, viz.: Mr. J. P. Mabee, K.C., Dr. W. F.
King, chief astronomer of the Dominion, and Mr. Louis Coste, C.E. Subse-
quently, in November, 1905, Mr. Mabee was appointed judge of the supreme
court of judicature for Ontario and was replaced on the commission by Mr.
Geo. C. Gibbons (now Sir George C. Gibbons, K.C.), and in February, 1907,
Dr. King resigned and was replaced bj' Mr. W. J. Stewart, chief hydrographer
of the Dominion.

4. The American section held its first meeting in W'ashington, D.C., May
10, 1905. The written instructions which it received from the United States
Government are contained in the following letter:

'Department of State,

Washington, April 15, 1905.

'Sir: — Referring to your letter of the 10th ultimo, asking as to the
instructions which may be required by the American commissioners ap-
pointed under section 4 of the river and harbour act of 1902 (32 Stat. L.,
373), especially in regard to a question which you state is likely to arise
concerning the scope of the commission's investigation, the Canadian
members appearing to be disposed to regard it as taking in all waters
adjacent to the boundary line, whether part of the Great Lakes or not, I
have to state as follows:

'The wording of the law will be seen by reference to the inclosed copy.
The department's opinion is that the words "including all of the waters of
the lakes and rivers whose natural outlet is by the river St. Lawrence to
the Atlantic Ocean" are intended as a limitation on what precedes them,
and that the investigation and report should cover only such waters, omit-
ting the lower St. Lawrence itself as well as all other waters not discharging
naturally through it.

'The broader interpretation given to the act by the Canadian authorities
should be rejected, if for no other reason on account of the smallness of the
appropriation for the support of the American section. Congress could
hardly have intended to provide with a sum of $20,000 for the expenses
incident to an investigation extending to the Pacific coast, and possibly
embracing the Alaskau boundary as well.

'A portion of the report of the chairman of the River and Harbour
Committee, when reporting the bill (copy of act herewith), treats of section

1080 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

4. and would appear to limit the scope of the investigation to the Great
Lakes system.

'When the ground to be covered has been defined, the law itself appears
to be sufficiently detailed to serve as instructions to the American com-
missioners.

'It seems sufficient, therefore, at the present stage to inform you and
the other members of the American section of the views held by the Depart-
ment as to the scope of the investigation and report, and to request the
American commissioners to assemble and organize as soon as possible after
the 20th instant, at this capital, and to submit, after discussion, their own
recommendations as to further procedure.

'I inclose, also, for your information copies of letters from Col. Ernst
and Prof. Williams in regard to the place of meeting of the commission.

'Copies of your letter of the 10th ultimo, and of this, the department's
reply, have been addressed to Col. Ernst and Prof. Williams for their
guidance.'

I am, sir, your obedient servant,

F. B. LooMis,

Acting Secretary.
Geo. Clinton, Esq.,

'Commissioner of the United States,

'International Waterways Commission,

1012 Prudential Building, Buffalo, N. Y."

In a conference wdth the honourable Secretary of War, it was decided
by him that the work of the commission should be under the War Department.
Subsequently the Secretary of War gave instructions that the Department
of State be furnished with copies of all of the commissions' reports.

5. On the 25th of May, the full commission held its first meeting in Wash-
ington, D.C. A difference soon arose as to the scope of the investigation to
be undertaken. The Canadian members desired to consider all international
waters between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and interpreted the act of Con-
gress originating the commission to give them authority to do that, while the
American members were by their instructions limited to the waters forming
part of the Great Lakes system. It was decided that further proceedings be
deferred until further instruction be received from the two Governments. The
final result was that the instructions to the American members were left unaltered,
and the Canadian members were authorized to proceed with the work of the
commission within the field prescribed to the former. The full commission
held its second meeting at Toronto, June 14, 1905, upon which date it may be
said that the work of the commission began, although it was some months
later when their offices became available.

6. Some of the rules of procedure adopted were the following: The offices of
the Canadian section were to be established in Toronto and those of the American
section in Buffalo. Meetings of the full commission were to be held in one
or the other city as should be found most convenient, but usually alternating
between the two. At meetings of the full commission held on American territory
the chairman of the American section should preside, and at meetings held
on Canadian territory the chairman of the Canadian section should preside.
To enable all persons to appear before the commission or to address it, who
might wish to do so, public notice of all meetings was to be given as long in advance
as possible through the press of the principal cities of the Great Lakes and St.
Lawrence system. Stenographic notes were to be taken of the proceedings

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1081

.SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

of all public meetings, but in order to insure greater freedom of diseussiou they
were to be omitted at executive sessions. At first the intervals between the
meetings were irregular, but later on it was found best to adjourn each meeting
to some fixed date about one month in advance.

7. Through the courtesy of the honorable Secretary of the Treasury excellent
quarters in the Federal building in Buffalo were assigned to the use of the Ameri-
can section, completely furnished and arranged with temporary j^artitions to
suit its convenience in every respect. These rooms became available September
11, 1905. Subsequently a branch office was established in AVashington in a
room rented for the purpose. The section was fortunate enough to .secure
the services, as secretary, of Mr. L. C. Sabin, a hydraulic engineer of many
years' experience in the service of the Government on the Great Lakes. He
reported for duty August 1, 1905. He resigned one year later to accept the
liosition of superintendent of the Spult Ste. Marie Canal and was succeeded
by Mr. W. E. Wilson, an accomplished liydraulic engineer, who had also had
experience in the Government service on the Great Lakes. In perfecting his
organization the American section kept in view the necessity of collecting,
arranging, and studying all of the complicated data bearing upon the technical
suljjects which it had to consider, which were mainly of an engineering character.
Its staff and its offices were selected and arranged accordingly.

8. Among the questions brought to the attention of the commission at
its earlier meetings beside the one specifically mentioned in the law, "the advis-
ability of locating a dam at the outlet of Lake Erie," were the following, viz:

(a) The uses of the waters at Sault Ste. Marie for power purposes and
tlie regulations necessary to insure aii ecpiitable division of the waters between
tlie two countries and the protection of the navigation interests.

(6) The uses of the waters in the Niagara River for power purposes and
the regulations necessary to insure an equitable division of the waters between
the two countries and the protection of Niagara Falls as a scenic spectacle.

(c) The alleged differences in marine regulations of the two countries
with respect to signal lights, and the advisability of adopting uniform signals
for both countries.*

(d) The diversion southward by the Minnesota Canal & Power Co., of Du-
luth, of certain waters in the State of Minnesota that now flow north into the
Rainy River and the Lake of the Woods.

(e) The effect of the Chicago Drainage Canal upon the levels of Lakes
Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, and upon the River St. Lawrence.

(/) Delimiting the international boundary on the international water-
ways and delineating the same on modern charts.

(3) The suppression or abatement of illegal fishing on the Great Lakes.

(h) The location and construction of common channels.

(t) Regulations to govern navigation in narrow channels.

(j) Protection of shores from damage due to deepening of channels and
increased speed.

As some of these questions did not come under the jurisdiction of the
commission as constituted they have not been the subject of special reports.
Other questions subsequently arose from time to time, as will appear hereafter.

NIAGARA RIVER.

9. Upon taking up the subject of the Niagara River the commission found
that great amounts of capital had been, and wer* continuing to be, invested
in power works at Niagara Falls by private corporations under the authority

*It was found, upon investigation, that no differenre existed, the Canadian Government having
adopted the regulations established by the United States.

19a— 73

1082 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913*

of the State of New York or of the province of Ontario. Many millions of
dollars had been expended \n the works themselves and manj' millions more
in the industrial enterprises to which they furnished power. In addition to
the five principal corporations actually engaged in the development of water
power, there were several other corporations preparing to engage in that work
under franchises some of which had been granted and others of which were being
sought for. The total destruction of Niagara Falls as a scenic spectacle was
threatened. It seemed desirable that this movement should be checked vcith-
out delay, and as the collection of all the data and the preparation of a full
report would require time, the commission at its meeting of October 28, 1905,
passed the foUo-n-ing resolution, of which copies were sent to the Secretary of
War of the United States and the Minister of Public Works of Canada, viz:

'Resolved, That this commission recommends to the Governments of
the United States and Canada that such steps as they may regard • as
necessary be taken to prevent any corporate rights or franchises being
granted or renewed by either Federal, State, or Provincial authority for the
use of the waters of the Niagaia River for power or other purposes until
this commission is able to collect the information necessary to enable it to
report fully upon the "conditions and uses" of those waters to the respective
GoveiTunents of the United States and Canada.'

10. By ^larch. 1906. the information necessary for a report had been
collected, public hearings had been held, and an original map of the localitj',
specially constructed for the purpose, had been prepared, when Congress passed
the following joint resolution, approved ^larch 15, 1906, viz:

' Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congi-ess assembled, That the memljers representing the
United States upon the international commission created by section four of
the river and harbor act of June thirteenth, nineteen himdred and two, be
requested to report to Congress at an early day what action is, in their
judgment, necessarj' and desirable to prevent the further depletion of water
flowing over Niagara Falls; and the said members are also requested and
directed to exert, in conjunction with the members of said commission
representing the Dominion of Canada, if practicable, all possible efforts for
the preservation of the said Niagara Falls in their natural condition.'

The American section accordingly submitted a report, dated March 19'
1906. It was published as Senate Document No. 242, Fifty-ninth Congress'
first session. It was subsequently concurred in substantially by the Canadian
section, and the joint report of the full commission, dated ^lay 3, 1906, was
published as Senate Document No. 434, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session.

11. The report of March 19 was followed by an exhaustive investigation
of the subject by the Rivers and Harbors Committee of the House of Represent-
atives, who, during several weeks, held public hearings at Washington, at which
all persons interested were given an opportunity to be heard, and who sent a
subcommittee to Niagara Falls, where a thorough inspection of the works was
made, and where also there was a public hearing. The result was a confirmation
of the report in all essential particulars.

12. An "Act for the control and regulation of the waters of Niagara River,
for the preservation of Niagara Falls, and for other purposes," approved June
29, 1906, was then passed by Congress. It authorized the Secretary of War to
grant permits for the diversion of water on the American side, and for the
transmission of electrical power from Canada, under certain prescribed con litions
and to certain prescribed limits. The total amount authorized being consider-
ably less than the amounts applied for by the power companies, a more detailed

I

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1083

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

investigation, which should embrace particularly the commercial and financial
side of the power-producing industry at Niagara Falls, became necessary to
insure an equitable division of the amounts authorized. Capt. Charles W. Kutz,
Corps of Engineers, United States Armj', was detailed by the Secretary of War
to make the investigation, his reports to be submitted to the American section
for review and recommendation. Under these instructions the American section
submitted two reports, dated September 29, 1906 (Appendix A), and November
15, 1906 (Appendix B), respectively. Special difficulties having arisen in
granting a permit for the diversion of water from the Erie Canal, the American
section, under instructions from the Secretary of War, caused a map of Lockport,
N.Y., to be prepared, and new measurements of flow to be made at that place,
and under date of March 5, 1907, submitted a special report with a form of
permit. (Appendix C.)

13. Other reports relating to power development in the Niagara River were
dated September 9, 1907, and March 3, 1908. The first was by the American
section, and related to a letter from the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and
Manufacturing Co. to the Secretary of State, in connection with the treaty then
under negotiation with Great Britain. (Appendix D.) The second was by the
full commission, and related to a bill to authorize the diversion of water below
the Falls, which had been referred to tlie commission by the Rivers and Harbors
Committee of the House of Representatives of the United States. (Appendix E.)

14. During the summer of 1908 the works of the Niagara Falls Power XJo.
were shut down on three occasions, and upon one of these occasions the works
of the other power company on the American side, the Niagara Falls Hydraulic
Power and Manufacturing Co., also were almost completely shut down. The
commission having been notified in advance took advantage of the opportunity
to observe the effect upon the river and the Falls of the diversion or non-diversion
of the considerable body of water used by those companies. By its direction
its American secretary installed water gauges at various points at and above the
Falls and had them observed before, during, and after the shutdowns, and after-
wards discussed his observations in a report. The conclusions which he reached
were that the diversion of 8,000 cubic feet per second through these plants
lowered the level of Niagara River at Grass Island near the intake of the Niagara
Falls Power Co. about 3J-^ inches; near the Ontario intake on the Canadian side
about 13^4 inches; and at Prospect Point, the crest of the American Falls, about
four-tenths of an inch. The observations are a valuable contribution to existing
knowledge of the effect of power diversion upon the Falls.

SAULT STE. MARIE.

15. Upon taking up the subject of the uses of the waters at Sault Ste. Marie
for power purposes the commission found that on either side of the rapids was
a navigation canal, constructed by the United States and Canadian Governments
respectively. The traffic through those canals had reached enormous propor-
tions, far exceeding that of any other two canals iiithe world, and was rapidly
increasing. After providing liberally for the service of these canals there
remained available for power purposes a volume of w"ater which was large, but
was not large enough to provide for all of the schemes of development which had
been projected. On the Canadian side a private corporation was operating one
power canal and had projected another, which, together with the first, would
take about half the surplus flow of the rapids. On the American side a power
canal had been constructed by a private corporation, leaving the St. Marys
River above the rapids, passing through the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and
rejoining the river about a mile below the rapids, thus constituting a new and
separate outlet to Lake Superior. The ultimate capacity of this canal was about

19a— 73§

1084 DEPARTMEXT 01' PUBLIC ^r01^KS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

half the surplus flow of the rapids, though only one-quarter of its capacity was
actually in use. On the American side, also, power works in the bed of the
stream were in operation, using a moderate volume of water, but they were
being altered and improved so as to increase their capacity, and it was not clear
that their o^raers could not claim a legal right to half the surplus flow of the
rapids. It was evident that some understanding must be reached by which there
should be an equitable division of the surplus water between the two sides of
the international boundary, and that until that was done further development
should be reduced to a minimum. Moreover, the works affected the level of
Lake Superior and the vast navigation interests dependent thereon, and it was
desirable that the regulations to govern their operation should be knowTi, so far
as was then possible, in advance of their construction. The commission there-
fore passed at its session of October 28, 1905, the following resolution, of which
copies were sent to the Secretary of AVar of the United States and the Minister
of Public Works of Canada, viz:

'Resolved. That in the opinion of this commission no further rights
or privileges should l^e granted or conferred regarding the uses or diversions
of the water flooring out of Lake Superior by either the Government of the
United States or Canada, until all data and information are in the hands of
the commission that may be necessary to enable it to make suggestions for
regulating the excess of these waters, or that, if such rights or privileges
be granted, they be subject to any regulations that may be adopted by both
Governments. '

16. On the 3rd of iMay, 1906, the commission submitted to the two Govern-
ments a joint report upon the conditions existing at Sault Ste. Marie, in which
were the following recommendations, ^^z :

' (a) That no permit shall be granted for the use of the waters of
St. Marj-s River, or for the erection of structures in, under, or over, or the
occupation in any manner of, the said waters until plans have been submitted
to the commission for its investigation and recommendation, and the use
of the waters under such permit shall not be allowed except upon compliance
with the rules hereinafter recommended.

' (6) The commission further recommends that no grants, permits, or
concessions should be made which directly or by operation of law may in
any manner affect the right of the United States or of Canada to control
the bed of the St. Marys River below high-water mark, and especially that
none should be made which, legally, or equitably, may be the means of
adding to the expense of acquiring lands or rights for the purpose of making
improvements in aid of navigation, or which may give an equitable right
to compensation in case of the removal of structures in said river.

'(c) That steps be taken to increase the lockage facilities at Sault
Ste. Marie with.out unnnectssary delay.

' (d) That the Governments of the United States and Canada reserve
all water necessary for navigation purposes at present, or in the future,
and the surplus shall be divided equally l)etween the two countries for
power purposes.

' (e) As the commission regards the interests of the United States
and Canada in the preservation of the lake levels and in the improvement
of the channels and the conservation of the water supply for purposes of
navigation as identical and as incapable of efficient protection without joint
and harmonious action on the part of the two Governments, it recommends
that the rules hereinafter set forth be adopted and that a joint commission
be created to supervise their enforcement, or that such powers be vested
in the existing International Waterways Commission, subject to such restric-
tions and reservations as mav be deemed advisable. '

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1085

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

The report was transmitted by the Secretary of War to the Secretary of
State with the following indorsement, dated May 14, 1906, viz:

'Respectfully referred to the Secretary of State with a request that
after the report be read it be forwarded to the President as a basis for negotia-
tions looking to the adoption of a treaty carrj'ing into effect the recom-
mendations of the International Waterways Commission, the report of
which is approved so far as this department in concerned.'

Embodied in the report were a series of rules and regulatio;is to govern
the use of water at the Sault. They were based upon the regulations already
established for the Amei'ican side by the Secretary of War of the United States,
but were extended in their application, and, like them, they recognized the
following principles as fundamental: (1) Levels must be maintained; (2) naviga-
tion must be protected; (3) the public must reserve the right to use any portion
or all of the natural flow in the future; (4) the use of the water is not granted
to the power companies in any fixed quantity or for any fixed length of time,
but the Government m^y enter upon the property and shut off the flow in whole
or in part at any time to the extent necessary to maintain water levels. The
enforcement of these rules involved the creation of a permanent international
commission, and it was not until the creation of the InternationalJoint Commis-
.sion l)y the trenty between the United States and Great Britain, dated January
11, 1909, that it became practicable to put them in force. At the same time
the creation of that commission relieved this commission of all further considera-
tion of the subject. A full copy of the report of May 3, 1906, is hereto appended.
(Appendix F.)

MINNESOTA CANAL AND POWER CO.

17. The Minnesota Canal & Power Co., a corporation organized under the
laws of Minnesota, proposed to construct reservoirs in the Birch Lake Basin
in Minnesota, in which water was to be stored and from which it was to be
released as needed and conducted by artificial and natural channels southward
to Duluth, where it was to be employed in generating electrical power. The
natural drainage of the Birch Lake Basin is northward into Rainy River, Lake-
of-the-Woods, Winnipeg River, Winnipeg Lake, and finally into Hudson Bay,
the water thus forming a part of the international boundary and finally entering
territory which is exclusively Canadian. The company applied to the Depart-
ment of the Interior for permission to use certain public lands by flowage and
otherwise and to the War Department for approval of certain structures designed
to impound the water. Opposition to the scheme was offered by citizens of
Canada through the British ambassador at Washington, and the Secretary
of State by letter to the Secretary of War, dated May 14, 1906, requested that
the matter be referred to this commission for an expression of its views. On
the 15th of November, 1906, the commsision rendered a joint report to the two
Governments, which closed with the follo\\ang recommendations, viz:

' (a) The commission would therefore recommend that the permit
applied for be not granted without the concurrence of the Canadian Govern-
ment.

' (6) As questions involving the same principles and difficulties liable
to create friction, hostile feelings, and reprisals are liable to arise between
tlie two countries affecting waters on or crossing the boundary line the
commission would recommend that a treaty be entered into which shall
settle the rules and principles upon which all such questions may be peace-
fully and sati.sfactorily determined as thcv arise.

1086 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

'(c) The commission would recommend that any treaty which may be
entered into should define the uses to which international waters maj' be
put bj' either country -without the necessity of adjustment in each instance,
and would respectfully suggest that such uses should be declared to be:
Use for necessary domestic and sanitary purposes: service of locks used for
navigation purposes; the right to navigate.

' (d) The commission would also respectfully suggest that the treaty
should prohibit the permanent diversion of navigable streams which cross
the international boundary or which form a part thereof, except upon
adjustment of the rights of all parties concerned by a permanent commission
and with its consent. '

A copy of the report is hereto appended. (Appendix G.)

RAINY RIVER AND EH ER ST. JOHX.

18. On the 2Qd day of ^lay, 1907, the Canadian Government referred
to the commission certain documents relating to the Rainy River and on the
9th of May certain other documents relating to the River St. John. Neither
of these rivers being tributary to the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence system,
neither of them came within the limits prescribed to the American members
under the instructions which they received in 1905. In deference to the Canadian
Government, however, the question of jurisdiction was submitted for the con-
sideration of higher authority by letter to the Secretary of War, dated November
6, 1907. The previous instruction weres not altered, and the questions concern-
ing these rivers were not considered.

RICHELIEU RIVER.

19. The Richelieu River connects Lake Champlain in American territory
with the St. Lawrence River in Canadian territory. The International Devel-
opment Co., a corporation organized under the laws of Canada and also under
the laws of New Jersey, proposed to deepen the Richelieu River and regulate its
flow so that there should be a uniform discharge of 9,000 cubic feet per second
throughout the year. For this purpose it proposed to use Lake Champlain as
a reservoir, in which surplus water was to be stored during the wet season and
from which it was to be released during the low-water period. The works were
located in Canadian waters, but would have aia important effect upon American
waters, including Lake Champlain. Under date of November 2, 1906, the
company made application to the War Department of the United States for
permission to construct the works, which application was referred by the Secretary
of War to the chairman of the American section by indorsement of November
6, 1906, and was by iiim laid before the commission. The comipisssion found
that a uniform flow of 9,000 cubic feet per second could not be maintained at
all seasons and in all years without giving to Lake Champlain a range between
the extreme high and extreme low water which it deemed inadmissible, but
that it would be possible to plan works which would not injuriously affect Lake
Champlain and would materially improve tlie conditions of flow in the Richelieu
River. Under date of November 15, 1906, it submitted a joint report to the
two Governments (Appendix H), from which the following is an extract, viz:

'As Lake Champlain is wholly within the territorj^ of the United
States,and the proposed works are wholly within Canadian territory, the
international questions raised are of some moment. It is in our opinion
not desirable that either nation should obstruct the natural flow of streams

/.y77;a'.\.i//o.va/^ irArAveii.ir.s- commission - i087

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

crossing the international boundary to the injury of public or private rights
in the other. It is manifest, therefore, tliat the applicants should furnish
conclusive evidence that private rights in the States of New York and
Vermont adjoining Lake Champlain will not be injuriously affected by the
alteration of the lake level as proposed, and that as the Secretary of War
of the United States has control of the interests of navigation on Lake
Champlain, the said work should not be undertaken without his permission,
and should be operated under such regulation as he may direct, with a
view to the maintenance of the level of the said lake as the interests of
navigation thereon may require. It would be possible to plan works
adapted to the conditions, and in our opinion such works should be per-
mitted, p.rovided they do not interfere with private interests in the United
States and meet with the approval of the Secretary of War as suggested.
We respectfully submit that in any treaty to be had between the two nations
in relation to the use of International waters the principles above suggested
should have consideration. We would further suggest that the applicant's
Canadian act of incorporation should be amended, so as to provide that
the maintenance of the works sought to be erected shall be conditional
at all times upon compliance with all regulations imposed Jby the Secretary
of War of the United States of America from time to time for the preservation
of the levels of Lake Champlain.

20. Under the direction of the Department of Public Works of Canada,
a report was prepared in 1902 upon the subject of damage by overflow of the
Richelieu River and a plan was submitted for correcting the evil. At its session
of 1906, the- Canadian Parliament appropriated $10,000 for beginning the works
proposed. The latter were to be entirely within Canadian territory, but inas-
much as they might affect the interests of the United States or of its citizens
upon Lake Champlain, the Canadian Government before beginning the work
referred the matter to the International Waterways Commission. The matter
was considered by the commission at its session of October 24, 1907, and the
following resolution was passed, of which copies were sent to the Secretary of
War of the United States and the Minister of Public Works of Canada, viz:

'Whereas certain valuable lands in the valley of the Richelieu River,
the outlet of Lake Champlain, are subject to damage by overflow; and

' Whereas a plan for the reclamation of said lands, submitted by Resident
Engineer J. B. Michaud, April 7, 1902, to the Canadian Government,
was referred by that Government to the International Waterwaj's Com-
mission under date of May 6, 1907; and

'Whereas the international question involved relates only to the effect
of the proposed works upon the interests of the United States or of its
citizens upon Lake Champlain; and

' Whereas the average level of Lake Champlain is 96-1 feet above tide
water, and the monthly mean level during floods is about 100,

'Resolved, That it is the opinion of the International Waterways Com-
mission that the works proposed can be constructed without injury to the
intersts of the United States or its citizens upon Lake Champlain, provided
a movable dam be constructed at St. Johns, and so operated that the flood
waters of Lake Champlain shall be allowed to rise to a monthly mean level
, of 97 and the level of the lake shall thereafter be maintained" at or above 95.

CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL.

21. On the 4th of January, 1907, the full commission submitted to the
two Governments a report upon the Chicago Drainage Canal, which closed
with the following summarj- and recommendations :

1088 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Suiuinanj.

' (a) Chicago obtains its water supply from Lake ^Michigan, and to
avoid polluting it must either dispose of its sewage otherwise than in the
lake or place its intakes for water at a great distance from the city.

'(6) The topography of the country favors the discharge of the sewage
into the Des Flaines River, a tributary of the Mississippi, through two
depressions in the divide which separates that river from Lake ^Michigan.

' (c) The slope on the lake side of the divide is drained by two streams,
the Chicago River and the Calumet River, into which the sewers of the
city empty. By a cut through the northerly depression of the flow of the
Chicago River has been reversed and diverted into the Des Plaines River
instead of into Lake ]\Iichigan, and by a cut through the southerly depres-
sion the same process can be applied to the Calumet River.

'((/) To make this reversal effective the channels must be large enough
to take all the water which falls upon the respective drainage areas during
the most violent rain storms. This amount is estimated at 10,000 cubic
feet per second for the Chicago River and 15,700 cubic feet per second for
the Calumet River.

'(e) The city of Chicago was originally built upon the Chicago River,
and that stream now drains the richest and most populous part of the city.
It is now spreading over the Calumet region.

'(/) In 1889 the plan of diverting the Chicago River into the valley of
the Des Plaines was definitely adopted and the Chicago Drainage Canal
was undertaken. It was designed to carry 10,000 cubic feet per second.
Though not entirely completed, it has been in use since January, 1900.
The amount expended upon the canal and accessory work is about $41,000,-
000.

'(g) The Illinois law which authorized the canal reriuired a flow of 3.33
cubic feet per second for each 100,000 of population in order to render the
sewage inoffensive. This amount of dilution is probably not excessive.
It is reasonable to expect a population in a future not remote of five or six
millions or more, involving the diversion by this standard of some 20,000
cubic feet per second. The Chicago River with its 10,000 cubic feet pro-
vides for a population of 3,000,000. The present population of the city is
about 2,000,000.

'(/)) It is now proposed to apply to the Calumet River a treatment simi-
lar to that applied to the Chicago River, viz., to reverse its flow, so that
instead of discharging into Lake Michigan it shall discharge into the Des
Plaines, but for a part of the new route it must follow the drainage canal
already excavated for the Chicago River.

'{i) Although the Chicago Drainage Canal was designed to carry
10,000 cubic feet per second, it is found to have, in its completed rock portion,
an actual capacity of 14,000 cubic feet. This additional capacity fixes the
amount which it is proposed to divert from the Calumet at 4,000 cubic feet
per second. Any greater amount from the Calumet will overtax the drainage
canal at the expense of the richest part of Chicago and for the benefit of a
suburban part.

'(k) The diversion of only 4,000 cubic feet will not be effective at all
times, since a much larger amount must be diverted from the Calumet
during heavy rainstorms if the lake is to be protected. Moreover, it pro-
vides for a population not exceeding 1,200,000, which number will probably
be exceeded at a date not far distant.

'{I) The large channels necessary to provide for the contingencies of
rainstorms are capable of discharging a volume of water largely in excess of

I

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1089

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

sanitary requirements during the greater part of the year, but the develop-
ment of water power creates the demand that they be employed to their full
capacity throughout the year.

'(»() The diversion of large bodies of water from Lake JNIichigan for
supplying the drainage canal has not been authorized by Congress, but there
appears to be a tacit general agre4'ment that no objection will be made to
the diversion of 10,000 cubic feet per second, as originally planned.

'(«.) The diversion of 10,000 cubic feet per second will lower the levels
of Lake Michigan-Huron, Lake St. Clair, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the
St. Lawrence River, Ijesides the important connecting channels, the Detroit
and St. Clair Rivers, by amounts varying from 414 to 6J4 inches for the
different waters, and the diversion of 14,000 cubic feet will lower them
from 6 to 81 2 inches. The diversion of 20,000 cubic feet will lower Lake
Michigan-Huron about 13 inches and Lake Erie about 11 inches.

'(0) The lake traffic which passed through the Detroit River in 1905
was about 58,000,000 tons, valued at about $615,000,000. It is increasing
annually with marvellous rapidity. The records for the year 1906, so far as
they are mad( up, indicate that the number of tons which passed through
the Detroit River in 1906 exceeded 65,000,000, valued at $690,000,000.
The lowering of the water surface has every injurious effect upon this traffic
and upon that of the Welland and St. Lawrence Canals. Chicago being one
of the principal lake ports, there will be very few communities which will
fe ;! the injury more than she will.

'(p) The cost of restoring the depth in the harbours of the Great Lakes
and the channels between the lakes is estimated at 110,000,000, and of
restoring it in the Welland and St. Lawrence Canals at $2,500,000. This
expenditure would not prevent very serious annoyance to the navigation
interests during the execution of the remedial works, which would occupy
several years. In Lake St. Clair, navigation of the open lake would be
replaced by that of an artificial channel or canal Avith submerged banks.

'(q) The extension to the Calumet region of the method of sewage
disposal already applied to the Chicago River is not necessary to preserve
the health of Chicago, there being other and better methods available for
the Calumet region. The final cost of these methods is somewhat greater
than that of the one proposed, but the works can be developed as the popu-
lation increases, and only a part of their cost need be incurred at present,
while their greater efficiency justifies the increase of final cost.

'(r) The diversion of 10,000 cubic feet of water per second at Chicago
will render practicable a waterway to the Mississippi River 14 feet deep.
Any greater depth must be obtained by the abstraction of more water from
Lake Michigan and at the expense of the navigation interests of the Great
Lakes and of the St. Lawrence Valley.

'(.s) Th6 effect upon Niagara Falls of diverting water at Chicago is of
secondary importance when considering the health of a great city and the
navigation interests of the Great Lakes and of the St. Lawrence Valley,
but it is proper to note that the volume of the Falls will be diminished by
the full amount diverted at Chicago.

Recom mendations.

'(0 The waters of Lake Michigan in the United States, the waters of
Georgiaii Bay in Canada, and the waters of Lake Superior, partly in the
United States and partly in Canada, all form sources of supply of the Great
Lakes system, finding their way by the St. Lawrence to the sea. All are
interdependent, and there can be no diversion from any of them without

1090 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

injury to the whole system. By Article XXVI of the treaty of 1871, it is
.provided that "navigation of the River St. Lawrence, ascending and
descending from the forty-fifth parallel of north latitude, where it ceases to
form the bomidary between the two countries, from, to, and into the sea,
shall forever remain free and open for the purposes of commerce to the
citizens of the United States, subject to any laws and regulations of Great
Britain, or of the Dominion of Canada, not inconsistent with such privileges,
of free navigation." It is desirable that in any treaty arrangement the
waters of Lake Michigan, Georgian Bay, and all other waters forming part
of the Great Lakes system should be declared to be "forever free and open
for the purposes of commerce" to the citizens of the L'nited States and the
subjects of His Britannic Majesty, subject to any laws or regulations of
either country not inconsistent with such privilege of free navigation.

'(■u) The preservation of the levels of the Great Lakes is imperative.
The interest of navigation in these waters is paramount, subject only to the
right of ase for domestic purposes, in which term is included necessary
sanitary purposes. In our report of November 15, 1906, upon the applica-
tion of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company to divert certain waters in
Minnesota, we recommended among other things:

' "That any treaty which may be entered into should define the uses
to which international waters may be put bj^ either country without the
necessity of adjustment in each instance, and would respectfully suggest
that such uses should be declared to be — •

' "Uses for necessary domestic and sanitary purposes.
' "Service of locks for navigation purposes.
' "The right to navigate."

'It is our opinion that so far as international action is concerned a
treaty provision of that kind is all that is required in this case. We accord-
ingly renew our recommendation of November 15, 1906, just quoted.

'(y) A careful consideration of all the circumstances leads us to the
conclusion that the diversion of 10,000 cubic feet per second through the
Chicago River will, vath proper treatment of the sewage from areas now
sparsely occupied provide for all the population which will ever be tributary
to that river, and that the amount named will therefore suffice for the
sanitary purposes of the city for all time. Incidentally, it will provide for
the largest navigable waterway from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi
River which has been considered by Congress.

'We therefore recommend that the Government of the United States
prohibit the diversion of more than 10,000 cubic feet per second for the
Chicago Drainage Canal.'

Two editions of this report were printed as a War Department docimient,
and were distributed to all persons appljdng for them. A copy is hereto
appended. (Appendix I.)

INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY IN LAKE ERIE.

22. In the month of August, 1906, a large number of nets were placed in
Lake Erie by the Keystone Fish Co., of Erie, Pa., near the middle of the lake,
but on what they claimed was the American side of the boundary. Most of
these nets were promptly seized and confiscated by the Canadian vessel Vigilant.
The commander of the Vigilant then proposed to the American fishermen to
show them the boundary, and aid them in marking it with buoys so that they
might always remain on their own side of the line if they desired to do so. The

V

IKTERNATIONA.L WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1091

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

proposal was forwarded to the Secretary of State and by him to the Secretary
of War, under date of September 5, 1906, with the request that it —

'be referred to the International Waterways Commission with the inquiry
whether it is known that the American and Canadian charts of the locality
agree as to the distance to be logged from the gas buoy at Erie to the boun-
dary line on the usual fishing grounds.'

23. The commission having collected the various official charts upon which
the boundary in Lake Erie is 'marked, proceeded to reduce them to the same
system of projection and the same scale in order to compare them. It was found
that the boundary as laid down on the United States hydrographic chart differed
widely from that on the British Admiralty chart. They both derived their
authority from the Treaty of Ghent. The map on file with the treaty was also
reduced to the same system 'of projection and the same scale as the others, and
having been compared with the accurate modern charts of the United States
Lake Survey, was found to be very far from correct. It was so inaccurate that
no two persons would probably transfer the boundary line marked thereon to a
modern chart in the same way, and was therefore worthless for its purpose. The
only guide for the location of the boundary line in Lake Erie, except at the
eastern and western extremities, is in the expression in the text of the treaty,
"through the middle of said lake." Under that description a variety of lines
may be laid down.

24. Under date of January 4, 1907, the commission submitted to the two
Governments a report which closed with the following conclusions and recom-
mendations, viz.

'The commission therefore concludes:

'(a) That the international boundary line oil Lake Erie can not be
ascertained with any accuracy from existing data.

'(b) That the American and Canadian charts of Lake Erie, namely the
hydrographic and British Admiralty charts, do not agree as to the dis-
tance to be logged from the gas buoy at Erie to the boundary line on the
usual fishing grounds.

' (o) That the entire boundary line from the point where the forty-fifth
parallel of north latitude meets the middle of the St. Lawrence River,
through that river, the Great Lakes and connecting waters, in accordance
with the true latent and meaning of the treaties of 1783, 1814, and 1842, be
located to accord as nearly as possible with the lines fixed by the commis-
sioners appointed, under the Treaty of Ghent and the treaty of 1842, to be
aelineated upon modern charts, and be so described by reference and fixed
monuments, where necessary, that it can in the future be relocated at any
givea point by survey.

' (6) That the location, delineation on modern charts, and monumenting
of the boundary line proceed under the direction of this commission or
another international commission to be appointed, and that wiiea it is located
laid down on modern charts and monumented, it be finally fixed and deter-
mined by treaty accordingly.

'(c) That this commission be authorized to locate, lp,y down upon a
modern chart, and monument the boundary line through Lake Erie.'

A copy of the report is hereto appended. (Appendix K.) The further
connection of this commission with the boundary has been of an executive
character under a special provision of the treaty between the United States and
Great Britain dated April 11, 1908. It will be described farther on.

1092 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 19!13
BUFFALO INLET PIER.

25. At its session in BuiTalo on the 26th of Jane, 1906, representatives of
the city appeared before the commission and requested its approval of the loca-
tion of a new inlet pier for the city waterworks, which it was desired to place in
the international waters on the Canadian side of the boundary. Although the
question had not been regularly brought before it by higher authority, the
commission thought it proper, with a view to avoiding delay, to pass the following
resolution, viz:

'That in the opinion of the International Waterways Commission, the
tunnel and inlet pier proposed to be constructed in Lake Erie by the city
of Buffalo for the purpose of furnishing a pure-water supply to tl e cit.y,
can be built without injury to navigation or other public interests, and it is
recommended that permits for the construction of these works be granted,
with the proviso that the inlet pier be kept properly lighted at night at the
expense of the city.'

DETROIT RIVER.

26. The plans of the Detroit River Tunnel Co. for the construction of a
tunnel under tlie Detroit River having been referred to the commission, it
passed, at its session of March 7, 1906, at Toronto, the following resolution,
viz:

'That the International Waterways Commission approve of the plans
of the construction of a tunnel under the Detroit River prepared by the
Detroit River Tunnel Co. and submitted to the commission by the Chief
of Engineers of the United States Army under date of February 13, 1906,
and by the Minister of ^Marine and Fisheries for Canada under date of
November 16, 1905, the construction to be carried on on the American side
under the regulations contained in the report of tlie Board of Engineers
of the United States Army of date January 26, 1906, and that the same be
carried on the Canadian side under regulations to be fixed by the Minister
of Public Works and the Minister of Marine and Fisheries.'

27. On the 2nd of June, 1909, a letter was addressed to Lieut. Col. C. McD.
Townsend, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, the officer in charge of the
channel improvements in the Detroit River, by Mr. H. J. Lamb, engineer in
charge, Department of Public Works, Canada, inquiring by what authority the
United States was depositing material in Canadian waters in the construction
of the Livingstone Channel, Detroit River. This letter was forwarded by Lieut.
Col. Townsend, with his letter of June 3, to the Chief of Engineers, and by
request of the latter M'as referred to the International Waterways Commission
by the Acting Secretary of War, by indorsement dated June 16, 1909. At its
meeting in Buffalo, July 1-1, 1909, the commission adopted the following resolu-
tion, viz:

'Whereas the enlargement of the navigable channel in the Detroit
River, nowlDcing made by the United States Government, west of Bois Blanc
Island, is of great benefit to the navigation interests of Canada as well as
of the United States; and

' Whereas the excavation for said channel and the dumping grounds
are partly in Canadian waters; and

'Whereas the consent of the Canadian Government to such use of it
waters has not been given;

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1093

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

' Resolved, That in the opinion of the commission application should be
made without delay to the Canadian Government by the United States
Government for formal permission to excavate the channel wh(>re that work
is now progressing, and that such application, when received by the Cana-
dian Government, should be granted, provision being made that the dumping
grounds in Canadian waters should be located under the direction of
the Minister of Public Works of Canada.'

The matter was then brought to the attention of the Department of State
and by that department to the attention of his excellency the British ambassador
at Washington. The desired permission was granted by the Canadian Govern-
ment upon the condition named in the resolution that " the dumping grounds
in Canadian waters be located under the direction of the Minister of Public
Works of Canada, " and with the proviso " that such permission is given without
prejudice to the possessory rights of Canada as defined by the maps and decla-
rations of the commissioner under the Treaty of Ghent, made at Utica on the
19th of June, 1822, and provided also that the dumping of material should not
prove in any way a detriment to the safe navigation of the Detroit River."
Notice of this action was sent to the Department of State by the British am-
bassador in his letter of September 17, 1909.

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

28. Under date of May 28, 1906, Mr. Smith L. Dawley, of Ogdensburg,
N.Y., addressed a letter to the Secretary of War, applying for permission to
construct dykes, retaining walls, and such other structures in the St. Lawrence
River near Long Sault Island as should be necessary to create an "attractive
summer resort with navigable approaches thereto, and the development of a
water-power." By indorsement dated June 2, 1906, the paper was referred to
the commission. On the 4th of January, 1907, the commission adopted the
following resolution, of which a copy was forwarded to each Government, viz:

'Whereas Mr. Smith L. Dawley, of Ogdensburg, N.Y., submitted
to the honourable Secretary of War of the United States, under date of May
28, 1906, an application for permission to construct at Long Sault Island,
in the town of Massena, St. Lawrence County, N.Y., dikes, retaining walls,
and such other structures as might be necessary to create "an attractive
summer resort with navigable approaches thereto, and the development
of a water-power, entirely in that portion of the St. Lawrence River that
is within the United States," which appUcation was referred to the Inter-
national Waterways Commissioii by indorsement of the Secretary of War,
dated June 2, 1906; and

'Whereas the application did not furnish information sufficient to
justify a recommendation in the matter, and the efforts of the commission
to obtain such information from Mr. Dawley have thus far been without
success; and

'Whereas the commission now learns that Mr. Dawley has transferred
his rights at Long Sault Island to the Pittsburgh Reduction Co., and it is
the opinion of the commission that if any permit for the construction of
works at this place is to be granted it should be dealt witb upon a direct
application from the beneficiary; therefore be it

'Resolved, That the International Waterways Commission recommend
to the honorable Secretary of War of the United States that the application
of Mr. Smith L. Dawley be denied.'

1094 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 191S

29. Under date of April 4, 1906, the Minister of Public Works of Canada
referred to the commission a letter addressed to him by the Calvin Co. (Ltd.),
a Canadian corporation protesting against the closure by a dam of the south
channel at Long Sault Island, \vhich it understood was contemplated by the
Massena Water Power Co., an American corporation. It was found that tne
latter company had taken no steps to procure the necessaiy authority from
the United States Government.

30. On the 18th of Decsmber, 1908, the Canadian Department of Public
Works referred to the commission an application of the Cedar Rapids Manu-
facturing & Power Co. to the Canadian Government for permission to build
works in the St. Lawrence Rver at Cedars, in the county of Soulanges, for the
purpose of developing electric power. At this place both banks of the St. Law-
rence River are Canadian territory, but power works in the bed of the stream
affect the navigation interests of the entire river. On the 13th of April, 1909,
the commission submitted a report upon the subject to the Minister of Public
Works of Canada, of which copies were sent to the Secretary of State and Secre-
tary of War of the United States. A copy of this report is hereto appended.
(Appendix L.)

31. By letter dated December 24, 1909, the Committee on Rivers and Har-
bours of the House of Representatives of the United States transmitted to the
commission a copy of a bill to provide for the construction of certain dams,
locks, canals, and other structures in the St. Lawrence River near Long Sault
Island, for the development of power, and requested the opinion of the com-
mission thereon. The subject of legislation to authorize power development
at this place was not a new one. A bill of similar tenor had been referred by
the Secretary of War to the commission in 1907, and was the subject of public
hearings April 18 and again October 24 of that year, but action was deferred
under instruction from the Prime Minister of Canada to the Canadian section,
to the effect that the Minister of Railways and Canals had the matter under inves-
tigation, and that it would be inadvisable for the commission to deal with the
matter until the investigation was completed. The subject received considera-
tion from time to time in 1908 and 1909, public hearings being held in Toronto,
November 21, 1908, and in Buffalo, February 26, 1909, but the Canadian members
were not readj^ to join in a report, and on our side it was understood that the
plans for the proposed works were not entirely perfected and that legislation
would not probably be enacted within the near future. The letter of December
24, 1909, above mentioned, from the Committee on Rivers and Harbors reviving
the subject was considered by the commission at its meeting in Buffalo, January
8, 1910. The Canadian members desired time for further consideration and
particularly time enough to hold another public hearing in Canada. They
stated that the objection of the Prime Minister of Canada to consideration of
the subject had been withdrax\7i. The desired public hearing was held at
Toronto on the 8th and 9th of February, 1910, but again the Canadian mem-
bers desired time for further consideration, and action was deferred until the
next meeting. At a meeting held in Buffalo, ]\Iarch 11, 1910, the subject was
again considered, but the Canadian members were still not prepared to join
in a report. By this time the session of Congress was so far advanced that
no further delaj- was permissible if the report was to be of any service to the
Committee on Rivers and Harbors. The American members felt compelled
to express their own views, and did so in a letter dated March 11, 1910, (Appendix
M.) Subsequently there was another public hearing at Toronto, April 15,
1910, but the commission took no action.

INTERyATIONAL WATEmVAYS COMMISSIOS 1095

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

DAM AT THE OUTLET Ol-" LAKE ERIE.

32. The organic net creating the commission prescribed as one of its duties
that it should "report upon the advisability of locating a dam at the outlet of
Lake Erie with a view to determining whether such dam will benefit navigation."
It so happens that the term "dam" may apply to various works of which the
character and object are very different. At the time of passing the act Congress
had before it the report of the board of engineers upon deep waterways between
the Great Lakes and Atlantic tidewaters, dated June 30, 1900, in which it was
recommended that the level of Lake Erie be "regulated" — that is, that its oscil-
lations be reduced — by means of a submerged weir in connection with a set of
sluice gates placed at its outlet near the head of Niagara river. It seemed
probable that this was the kind of works which Congress had in mind when
using the term "dam." Their object would be to raise the low-water surface
of the lake witliout raising the high-water surface. But the term "dam" may
also be applied to a submerged weir without sluice gates, the object of which
would be simply to raise the level of the lake wathout reducing its oscillations.
The low-water surface would be raised, but so would the high -water to nearly
an equal amount. To distinguish works of this kind from those designed to
"regulate" the lake, they may be called "compensating works."

33. The Great Lakes, with their connecting channels, constitute the most
important system of inland navigation in the world. The traffic which passed
through Detroit River, its busiest link, in 1907, amounted to 71,226,895 tons,
valued at about .1700,000,000 (the traffic of the most important river in Europe,
the Rhine, was, in 1905, about 4,000,000 tons). About 80 per cent of this traffic
is carried in large freight carriers which are loaded down to the greatest draft
that can be carried into the harbours or through the channels between the lakes,
but could be loaded much deeper if the depth of water permitted. Some of the
larger of these vessels carry an additional load of 85 tons for each inch of addi-
tional draft. Every inch added to the available depth of water would therefore
be of material benefit to commerce.

34. The Great Lakes constitute a series of enormous natural reservoirs,
each of which serves to regulate the flow in the river constituting its outlet and
to maintain the lake below. They are interdependent. The study of one, to
be complete, must include the study of all. The total area drained by them is
about 287688 square miles, an area consitleraby larger than the German Empire.
Of this total about one-third is occupied by the lakes themselves — that is
devoted to reservoir purposes The result is a uniformity of level and a uniform-

• ity of flow which are truly wonderful — a perfection of regulation which no work
of man ever did or ever will approach. The question propounded was: Could
he add to any important extent to the degree of regulation which nature provided?
Enormous forces were to be dealt with, and the results were to be'measured in
inches. The subject was therefore as difficult as it was important.

35. Soon after the organization of the commission, a committee of two of
its engineer members was appointed to collect all of the available data and to
make a hydraulic analysis of the general regulation of all the lakes. It was
well known at the outset that this would be a long and laborious task, but it
proved to be more so than was expected, and the death of a member of the
committee, Mr. Wisner, in 1906, was the cause of considerable delay. All
existing records of water-level observations and discharge measurements made
since 1860 were collected, analysed, tabulated, and studied. By the end of
1909 the commission was able from these studies to form an opinion as to the
first kind of works covered by the term "dam"; that is, regulating works. The
conclusions then reached were that only a very moderate degree of improvement
in regulation over what nature provides is practicable in any of the lakes, and

1096 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

that such as it is, this improvement is obtained at the expense and to the injury
of the navigable channels below. In the case of Lake Erie, it would be possible
to raise the extreme low-water stages about 1 foot, and this in turn would
raise the low-water stages of Lake St. Clair about 0-61 foot, and of Lake
Huron-Michigan about 0-27 foot, all without appreciable increase in the
extreme high stage. But in doing this the low-water stage of Lake Ontario
would be lowered about 4}-^ inches, the available depth in the St. Lawrencr
canals would be diminished about 7| inches, and the city of Buffalo would suffer
by increased damage from floods and from a postponement of the date of opening
navigation in the .spring. The question of damage to vested rights was thus
introduced in a particular!}' intricate form.

While the advantages of regulation might outweigh the disadvantages if
the persons who were to benefit from the former were identical with those who
were to suffer from the latter, the difference was not great enough to justify the
two GoA'ernments in entering upon the vexatious question of damages. The
commission therefore decided to recommend that the "regidation" of Lake Erie
be not undertaken and to proceed to the consideration of the other kind of works
covered by the term "dam," or compensating works. As this would require
surveys and investigations which would cover many months, it decided also to
submit to the two Governments without further delay the data which it had
collected and the conclusions which it had reached concerning one branch of the
subject committed to it. This it did in its report dated January 8, 1910. The
report was forwarded to Congress by the President and was published as House
Document No. 779, Sixty-first Congress, second session. An edition was printed
also for the use of the commission, at the joint expense of the Canadian and
American sections. The report is accompanied by 42 tables, many of them of
elaborate character, and by 29 plates. An examination of it will give an idea,
tliough a faint one, of the amount of time and labour expended upon it.

36. There remained to be considered the other kind of works covered by
the term "dam," or compensating works. The Niagara River at its extreme
upper end is an important safety valve for the protection of Buffalo from the
effect of storms upon Lake Erie, and should not be ob.structed by a dam, but it
was believed that somewhere in the river between Lake Erie and the Falls a
submerged clam might be placed which would greatly benefit the navigation of
the waters above without injury to those below, and with only minor damages,
if any, to the adjoining lands. Without any attempt to "regulate" Lake Erie,
the general level of the lake might be raised sufficiently to compensate for the
damages heretofore inflicted by the Chicago Drainage Canal and other deterior-
ating influences. To determine the best site for such a dam it has been necessary
to make additional surveys. To determine the best form for this dam, which
must be of the submerged type, a large number of experimetits upon several
different forms was necessary. These experiments were made at th^ hydraulic
canal of the college of civil engineering of Cornell University, the use of which
was given free of expense. The results of these experiments were very satis-
factorj' and they will be given in the report soon to be submitted. It was hoped
that this work would be completed and a final report rendered before tliis time,
but the illness of a member of the committee, !\Ir. Coste, and his absence in
Europe, has caused an unexpected delaj\

. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY.

37. On the 11th of April, 1908, a treatj' was signed between the Uiited
States and Great Britain providing for ttie more complete definition and demar-
cation of the international boundarj- between the United States and the Dom-
inion of Canada. It covered the entire boundarv from the Atlantic to the

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1097

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Pacific Oceans, but it prescrilicd different agencies for doing the work in different
parts of the \v^e. Each Government was to "appoint without delay an expert
geographer or surveyor to serve as commissioner" for the purpose of doing the
work in the various portions of the line except the portion describes in Article
IV. That article reads as follows:

'The high contracting parties agree that the existing laternational
Waterways Commisssion, constituted by concurrent action of the United
States and the Dominion of Caaada, and composed of three commissioners
on ttie part of the United States and three commissioners on the part of
the Dominion of Canada, is hereby authorized and empowered to ascertain
and re-establish accurately the location of the international boundary line
beginning at the point of its intersection with the St. Lawrence River near
the forty-fifth parallel of north latidude, as determined under Articles I. and
VI. of the treaty of August 9, 1842, between the United States and Great
Britain, and thence through the Great Lakes and communicating water-
ways to the mouth of Pigeon River, at the western shore of Lake Superior,
in accordance wath the description of such line in Article II. of the treaty
of peace between the United States and Great Britain, dated September
3, 1783, and of a portion of such line in Article II of the treaty of August 9,
1842, aforesaid, and as described in the joint report dated June 18, 1822,
of the commissioners appointed under Article VI. of the treaty of December
24, 1814, between the United States and Great Britain, with respect to a
portion of said line and as marked on charts prepared by them and filed
with said report, and with respect to the remaining portion of said line
as marked on charts adopted as treaty charts of the boundary under pro-
visions of Article II. of the treaty of 1842, above mentioned, with such
deviation from said line, however, as may be required on account of the
cession by Great Britain to the United States of the portion of Horse Shoe
Reef i i the Niagara River necessary for the lighthouse erected there by the
United States in accordance with the terms of the protocol of a conference
held at the British foreign ofBce December 9, 1850, between the representa-
" tives of the two Governments and signed by them agreeing upon such cession;
and it is agreed that whereever the boundary is shown on said charts by
a curved line along the water the commissioners are authorized in their
discretion to adopt, in place of such curved line, a series of connecting
straight lines, defined by distances and courses, and following generally
the course of such curved line, but conforming strictly to the description
of the boundary in the existing treaty provisions, and the geographical
co-ordinates of the turning points of such line shall be stated by said com-
missioners so as to conform to the system of latitudes and longitudes of
tho charts mentioned below, and the said commissioners shall, so far as
practicable, mark the course of the entire boundary line located and defined
as aforesaid, by buoys and monuments in the waterway sand by permanent
range marks established on the adjacent shores or islands, and by such other
boundary marks and at such noints as in the judgment of the commissioners
it is desirable that the boundary should be so marked, and the line of the
boundary defined and located as aforesaid shall be laid down by said com-
missioners on accurate modern charts prepared or adopted by them for
that purpose in quadruplicate sets, certified and signed by the commissioners
two duplicate originals of which shall be filed by them with each Govern-
ment; and the commissioners shall also prepare in duplicate and file with
each Government a joint or reports describing in aetail the course of said
line and the range marks and buoys marking it, and the character and loca-
tion of each boundary mark. The majority of the commissioners shall hav«
power to render a decision.
19a- 74

1098 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

'The liue so defined and laid dovm shall be taken and deemed to be
the international boundary as defined and established by treaty provisions
and proceedings thereunder as aforesaid from its intersection with the
St. Lawrence River to the mouth t)f Pigeon River.'

By this article the "existing International Waterways Commission" was
required to ascertain and re-establish, to mark upon the ground, and to delineate
upon accurate modern charts, the location of that portion of the boundary
which passes through the Great Lakes system, beginning at its point of inter-
section with the St. LawTcnce River near the forty-fifth parallel of latitude
and extending through the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes and
communicating waterwaj's to the mouth of Pigeon River at the western shore
of Lake Superior. As the "existing International Waterways Commission"
is, and by law must be, composed mainly of engineers, there was in this pro-
\nsion no violation of the rule that the work must be done by experts.

38. By letter dated May 21, 1908, the Secretary of State made known
to the American section the provisions of Article IV. of the treaty, and directed
them to act under and report to the Department of State in the performance
of their duties under that article. The subject was considered by the com-
mission at meetings held in Buffalo June 2, and in Toronto June 23, 1908, and
at the latter meeting a preliminary report, submitting a project for the work
with an approximate estimate of cost, was prepared and forwarded to the Sec-
retary of State of the United States and the Minister of Public Works of Canada.
(Appendix N.)

39. In this project the estimate of cost was spoken of as a "rough estimate"
and no estimate of the time required was given. The estimate of cost was for
special work under the treatj' and did not include the funds needed for the support
of the commission itself, which were provided by appropriations for another
department of the Government, the War Department. Its amount was $160,000,
which being equally divided made a charge of S80,000 to each country. As
the work approaches completion it is found that this estimate was remarkably
near the true cost, but owing to a necessary increase of the salaries paid to
employees it must be increased $10,000, or $5,000 for each country.

40. The most important recommendation contained in the project was
that a new set of charts be constructed specially for the purpose of delineating
the boundary. The charts of the United States Lake Survey are the most
accurate modern charts existing of the region under consideration and they
represent the highest type of surveying skill but it was found they were
vmsuitable for the delineation of the boundary for the following reasons, viz.,
the scales of these charts which vary considerably are not the most convenient
for this purpose, being in some cases so small that the boundary could not be
showTi clearly. The size of the sheets is not uniform, making it inipossible
to prepare a neat portfolio with easy reference, such as is required for a record
of such importance as that of the boundary. They contain an immense amount
of detail which is of no use in connection with the boundary and would serve
only to obscure it. The geographical co-ordinates used in constructing the
charts were ascertained with the greatest precision attainable at the time, but
these have in recent years been the subject of revision. The triangulation of the
Lake Survey has been comiected with that of the Coast and Geodetic Survey
and from this connection has been derived the United States standard datum,
to which all the more recent charts are referred. It is found that considerable
corrections are required to give the older charts their proper places on the earth's
surface, and that admirably as these charts serve their practical purpose, which
is to aid navigation, they are as published not scientifically and theoretically
correct. At certain places the information which they furnished was_ not
complete enough for boundary purposes, and additional field work was required.

INTERXATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1099

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

In tlie opinion of the commission it was necessary to construct a new set of
charts, and with the approval of the two Governments that work was undertaken.

41. The new charts are to be 30 in number, including an index chart.
There will be 18 charts on a scale of 1 :20,000, to include 7 for the St. Lawrence
River, 2 for the Niagara River, 2 for the Detroit River, 2 for the St. Clair River,
4 for the St. Marys River, and 1 for Pigeon Bay; 5 charts on a scale of 1 :60,000,
to include 1 each for the eastern end of Lake Ontario, the western end of Lake
Erie, Lake St. Clair, northern end of Lake Huron, and eastern end of Lake
Superior; 4 charts on a scale of 1:300,000, to include 1 each for Lake Ontario,
Lake Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Superior; 2 charts on a scale of 1:10,000, to
include 1 each for Niagara Falls and Sault Ste. Marie; and 1 index chart on a
scale of 1 :1,200,000. They are to be of the uniform size of 40 inches by 50 inches
within the l)order. They will show the shore lines of the lakes, rivers, islands,
and the mouths of the more important streams; the location of all the principal
cities and to^^^lS and of all the lighthouses and other permanent aids to naviga-
tion; all hydrography available from the United States and Canadian surveys;
all the geographic positions upon which the projections are based; and the
boundary line, with all monuments used to mark it; unnecessary topography
and all other matter not necessary for the special purpose vrill be omitted. They
will be projected and drawn directly upon copper plates, from which exact copies
may be made in any desired number. Distortion of scale and errors in copying
will tlius be avoided. One set of copper plates having been prepared a duphcate
set will be made by electrotyping, and one set then deposited in the archives of
each Government.

42. Through the courtesy of the Secretary of the Treasury, additional
rooms in the Federal building at Buffalo were assigiaed for the use of the commis-
sion, and the necessarj' furniture provided, certain special articles being made
to order from designs furnished by the commission. Competent experts for
projecting the charts and engraving them on copper were employed, and the
work was fairly inaugurated in the autumn of 1908. It was under the immediate
personal direction of the American secretary of the commission, but was closely
supervised by a committee composed of Prof. Haskell, representing the United
States, and Mr. Stewart, representing Canada, who in turn reported and received
instructions at every meeting of the full commission. The expert employees
were taken from both countries in equal numbers as far as possible. There was
much difficulty in finding suitable persons as engravers.

43. The greater part of the data for the new charts were to be found in the
Engineer Bureau of the War Department. Under the authority of the Secretary
of War, the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, placed at the disposal of
the commission the original large scale manuscript charts constructed in the
office of the Lake Survey, and other records of his bureau. The commission
has been constantly in correspondence with that bureau, and we desire to
acknowledge the promptness and courtesy of the two successive Chiefs of
Engineers, who have held office since the work began. Gen. W. L. Marshall and
•Gen. W. H. Bixby, in answering all of its calls for information. Much valuable
information was obtained from the Canadian Hydrographic Survey. It was
found necessary, however, to send out surveying parties to make a considerable
number of detached surveys to supplement the information on record. The
commission has made 16 separate surveys in all, some of them, as the Niagara
River, from Lake Erie to the Falls, being quite extended. It is believed that
but little more field work will be necessary.

44. The work upon the charts is of two kinds, viz., constructing or drafting
work, and cutting the copper or engraving work. In the following table is given
the state of completion of each kind of work upon each chart on the 1st of Nov-
ember, 1912:

1100

DEPARTMEXT OF PVBLIC TVORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Per Cent Com-

I PLETED Nov. 1, 1912.

9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Chart.

Scale.

Engrav-

Drafting.

ing.

!

1 St. Lawrence River

1: 20,000

98

i

100

2 "

1; 20.000

98

100

3

1: 20,000

98

100

4

1: 20,000

98

100

5

1; 20.000

98

100'

6

1: 20,000

98

100

7

); 20,000

88

i 100

8 Eastern cnU i . :- .

1: eo.ooo

90

' 90

Lake Ontario. ..
Niagara River

Lake Erie . .

Western end of Lake Erie .

Detroit River

Lake St. Clair...
St. Clair River .

Lake Huron

North end of Lake liu
St. Marys River

Eastern end of Lake Superior.

Lake Superior

Pigeon Bay

Index

1:300
1: 20
1: 10

1; 20
1:S00
1: 00
1: 20
1: 20.
1; GO
1: 20
1: 20
1:300
1: flO
1: 20
1; 20
1; 20
1: 10
1: 20
1; 00
1:300
1: 20

000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000

,000
000

,000
000
000

,000
000
000

,000
000

,000
000

,000

98
98

98
98
98
98
98
98

70
98

98
98
95
98
98

Total.

90
10

83-7

55
100
100

98

98
100
100
100
100
100
100

20
100
100
100
100

98
100
100

95
100
100

95-1

About 84 per cent of the total work of engraving and about 95 per cent of
the total work of drafting upon all the charts was completed November 1, 1912.

45. A decision as to the actual location of the boundary is being reached by
successive steps, and can not be made final until the new charts are completed.
The engineer members of the commission prepared a tentative delineation of
the line on the existing charts, replacing the curves in the old line by a series of
straight lines, which they presented to the commission at its meeting of December
23, 1908. It was intended as a preliminary study, and no action was taken
except to consider and discuss it. As the work of constructing the charts pro-
gressed it was found desirable to know approximately the location of the boundary
before the completion of the copperplates in order to avoid cutting the soundings
in a way which would interfere with the clear delineation of that line. It seemed
possible to make a location upon existing charts which would ansAA^er these
requirements and would be another step toward the future final location. At
its sessions of August 3 and 4, 1909, the commission went over the existing charts
with great care, having before them the report dated June 18, 1822, of the com-
missioners appointed under the treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814; also the
Webster- Ashburton treaty of August 9, 1842; also the protocol of a conference
held at the British foreign office December 9, 1850. They tentatively agreed
upon a line which they fixed upon the old charts as accurately as the scale of the
charts would permit, with the understanding that at any time thereafter, either
side should be at liberty to propose alterations. Later on, as the ncAV charts
reached a suflaciently advanced stage, proofs were struck off, and the tentative

Plate 1.

Typical Monument.
Height above ground. 2 feet 6 inches; diameter at base, 2 feet; diameter at top, 1 foot
6 inches; radius of hemi.spherical top, 9 inches; foundation to extend 5 feet below
surface of ground; material, concrete; copper pin inserted in the top to mark the
point with precision.

19a— 75

I^^TERyATIONAL WATERWAYS COilMISSIOy 1101

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

line was transferred to them. The necessity of a revision at some places then
became e^'ident. When the work of marking the boundary upon the ground
was taken up, the desirability of additional changes appeared. These changes
have been made from time to time, until now it may be said that the line has been
agreed upon except at three places — ^Niagara Falls, Lake St. Clair, and Sault
Stc. jMarie. Although the tentative agreement applies to these places also,
there are some differences which may cause the question to be re-open^d.

46. Much study was given to the form and character of the monuments to ■
be used in marking the boundary upon the ground. In the climate of the Great
Lakes a buoy is a temporary device which, if used, must be taken up at the end
of navigation in the autumn and replaced in the spring, and can be employed
only by some permanent organization. Permanent monuments alone are avail-
able for this commission. Manifestly it is not expedient to place such monu-
ments upon the turning points inasmuch as these points are all in water, where
in many cases the monuments would be obstructions to navigation, and where
they would often be very costly to build on account of great depth. It was
decided to place them on shore, one as near as practicable to each turning point.
With the range and distance of the turning point known it will be easy to find it
whenever it maj^ be necessary to know it with precision. After careful investi-
gation it was decided to build the monuments of concrete, in the form of the
frustrum of a cone with a hemispherical top. The height above ground is 2
feet 6 inches; diameter at base, 2 feet; diameter at top, 1 foot 6 inches; radius
of hemispherical top, '9 inches; foundation to extend 5 feet below the surface
of the ground. A copper pin is inserted in the top to mark the point with
precision. Each monument has a separate number cast in its side at the time
of fabrication. A photograph of one of these monuments is inclosed.

47. The work of placing the monuments was begun upon a small scale on
the St. Lawrence River in July, 1910. It was experimental and resulted in
demonstrating the neatness and effectiveness of the type adopted. It was pushed
with vigour during the seasoas of 1911 and 1912, and was completed in September
of the latter year. The number of monuments placed is 88 on the St. Lawrence
River, 34 on the Niagara river, 58 on the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, 43 on the
St. Marys River, and 4 on Pigeon Baj-, or 227 in all.

48. In attempting to connect these monuments vnth the old survej-s it was
found that a large number of the old station marks left by the Lake Survey had
disappeared, and that it was necessarj- to connect the monuments by a new
triangulation sj'stem. The field parties were organized so as to take the neces-
sary observations in connection with building the monuments. It is necessary
to work up these notes, and compute therefrom the geographical position of each
monument before it can be placed upon the chart. Considerable progress has
been made in this work, but it will probably require the greater part of the current
year to complete it and after its completion some months more will be required
to place the results upon the charts.

FURTHER DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIOX.

49. From the foregoing recital it appears that many questions have arisen
and been considered which were not anticipated when the commission was
created, except in a very general way. It was expected that questions generally
resembling these would arise, but exactly what they would be was not known.
It seems certain that similar questions will arise hereafter. All such questions
will be considered by the International Joint Commission created bj' the treaty
between the United States and Great Britain, dated January 11, 1909. That
commission takes the place of the International Waterways Commission in the
consideration of all new questions. The latter has therefore completed the work

19a— 76

1102 DEPARTMENT OF FUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

for which it was originally organized, except its final report upon a dam at the
outlet of Lake Erie. It has assumed that it would be allowed and expected to
complete its work upon that subject, the difficulty and importance of which have
been explained in an earlier part of this report. There are not two commissions
covering the same ground, but rather one commission retiring from a field which
it has long occupied and clearing the ground for its successor.

50. Quite distinct from the duties of investigation and report assigned to
the commission when it was originally organized are the executive duti.?s assigned
to it by Article IV. of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain,
dated April 11, 1908. The treaty is specific in designating the "existing
International Waterways Commission" as the agency by which a certain specified
portion of the boundary is to be defined, delineated upon charts, and marked
upon the ground. For this purpose the International Joint Commission does
not take the place of the International Waterways Commission. The work is
mainly engineering work, and should be, as it is, in the hands of a commission
composed mainly of engineers.

51. The commission therefore has two pieces of work to complete before
it can \vith propriety go out of existence; one its final report upon a dam at the
outlet of Lake Erie and the other its work upon the boundary. International
courtesy requires that the American members be allowed to join in completing
the former, and treaty obligations as well as international courtesy require the
same regarding the latter.

52. The American members have rendered annual reports to the Secretary
of War since their organization and to the Secretary of State also since 1908,
but the work of the commission has been unobtrusive, and much of it has up
to this time not been well known to Congress. We can not but think that the
provision in the Act approved August 24, 1912, calling for this report and hmiting
the appropriation for the support of the commission to December 31, 1912, means
simply that Congress desires information before making further appropriation,
and has no intention of putting a sudden stop to important work, in an unfinished
condition, in which we are engaged with a foreign nation.

53. It will be quite impossible for the commission to complete its work
by December 31, 1912. From a year to 15 months more time than that will
be required. As has already been stated, the project of June 23, 1908, for the
boundary work gave no estimate of the time required. The novelty of the work,
as well as the uncertainty as to what amount of surveying in the field would
be required, made it impossible to estimate the length of time which would be
needed. The commission as a body has never expressed any opinion upon the
subject. Some of its members believed at the outset that the work could be
completed in three or four years, and the chairman of the American section,
in answer to a question, once expressed that gpinion to the Appropriations
Committee of the House of Representatives. It has proved to be erroneous,
but the error has done no harm. The treaty required the work to be done
without reference to either tie or cost. The opinion was not given until after
the project had been adopted, the character of the work defined, and the work
itself well started. It had no influence upon the question of accepting or re-
jecting the project. The only precedent of which we have knowledge which
can give an approximate idea of the time required to do thi.'- kind of work, is
that of the commissioners under the treatj' of Ghent, who preceded us in going
over this same ground. Those commissioners held their first meeting November
18, 1816. Five and one-half years later, June 18, 1822, they reported an agree-
ment as to a portion of the line, and a disagreement as to another portion. They
held their final meeting December 24, 1827, having submitted separate reports
concerning the portion in disagreement, that of the British commissioner dated
October 25, 1827, and that of the American commissioner December 12, 1827.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1103

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Thus they were engaged upon the work more than 11 years in all, and were
unable to complete it. These facts were known to those who negotiated the
treaty of April 11, 1908, under which we are acting. The commission has
pushed the work as rapidly as it was able to do it. In the light of experience
it may now be positively stated that the length of time employed is not un-
reasonable. It is to be remarked that the marking of certain portions of the
line not intrusted to tnis commission will not be completed until several years
after the completion of the commission's work.

54. Funds for the use of the commission are provided upon two separate
appropriation bills; those for the support of the commission itself upon the
sundry civil bill upon estimates submitted by the War Department; those for
the special work upon the boundary, exclusive of the support of the commission,
upon the diplomatic and consular appropriation bill, upon estimates submitted
by the State Department. For the latter the amount originally estimated
was $80,000, all of which has been appropriated, but as e.xplained in paragraph
36, an additional appropriation of $5,000 will be needed to complete the work.
This additional appropriation and the unexpended portions of former appro-
priations for the boundary cannot be used, however, unless provision be made
for the support of the commission itself. The annual appropriatio'ns for that
purpose have been $20,000, practically all of which has been expended in the
salaries of the commissioners and their secretary, travelling expenses, office
rent, clerical services, and other necessary office expenses. For the current
year the appropriation is only .$10,000, and is available only for the first half
of the year, that is, until December 31, 1912. Application will be made for
$10,000 to be appropriated in the urgent deficiency bill, to cover the second
half of the year. A list of all the appropriations heretofore made by Congress
for the use of the commission will be found in Appendix O.

55. There is still some doubt as to the length of time required to finally
complete the work, as must always be the case where two coordinate independent
bodies, such as the two sections of an international commission, are working
together, but it is reasonable to hope that it can be completed by the 1st of
April, 1914. In its estimate for the next fiscal year the American section has
therefore asked for funds sufficient to carry it to that date, or $15,000. The
total amount remaining to be appropriated then is for —

Special boundary work, diplomatic and consular bill.. $ 5,000

Support of commission, second half of current fiscal year, urgent de-

ficienvc bill 10,000

Support of commission, part of fiscal year 1913-14 15,000

Total S 30,000

Very respectfully,

0. H. Eknst,
Bridg. Gen., U.S.A., Retired,
Chairman of American Section.

George Clinton,
Member of American Section.

E. E. Haskell,

Attest: Member of American Section.

W. Edwakd Wilson,

Secretary of American Section.
19a— 76i

3 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

List of Appendices.

A. Report upon the water-power situation at Niagara Falls, as concerns the

Canadian power companies, and their associated transmission companies
bj'^ the American members, September 29, 1906.

B. Report upon the water-power situation at Niagara Falls, as concerns the

diversion of water on the American side, bv the American members,
November 15, 1906.

C. Report upon the form of permit for the diversion of water from the Erie

Canal, by the American members, March 5, 1907.

D. Report upon the request of the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power & Manu-

facturing Co. that they be protected in their rights in anj^ treaty negotiated
■with Great Britain, by the American members, September 9, 1907.

E. Report upon the diversion of water at the Whirlpool Rapids below the Falls

in Niagara River, by the commission, INIarch 3, 1908.

F. Report upon the conditions existing at Sault Ste. ]Marie, by the commission,

May 3, 1906.

G. Report upon the application of the Minnesota Canal & Power Co. for per-

mission to divert certain waters in Minnesota from their natural flow,
which is into boundary waters, by the commission, November 15, 1906.

H. Report upon the application of the International Development Co. for per-
mission to construct regulating works in the Richelieu River, by the
commission, November 15, 1906.

I. Report upon the Chicago Drainage Canal, by the commission, January 4,
1907.

K. Report upon the location of the international boundaiy through Lake Erie,
by the commission January 4, 1907.

L. Report upon the application of the Cedar Rapids ^Manufacturing & Power
Co. for permission to build power works in the St. Lawrence River at
Cedars, in the county of Soulanges, by the commission, April 13, 1909.

M. Report upon the application of the Long Sault Development Co. for legisla-
tion to authorize the construction of power works in the St. Lawrence
River, near Long Sault Island, by the American members, March 11,
1910.

N. Project for the more complete definition and demarcation of the interna-
tional boundary, under Article IV. of the treaty of April 11, 1908, by the
commission, June 23, 1908.

0. List of appropriations heretofore made for the use of the International
Waterways Commission.

1104

SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS

In reference to the Minnesota Canal Power Company
AND THE Chicago Drainage Canal.

I

3 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a A. 1913

THE MINNESOTA CANAL & POWER COMPANY.

The application of the Minnesota Canal & Power Company is dealt with
in a report of the Commission, which is to be found at page of this

volume. The Commission held two public hearings on this subject, one in
Toronto, Ont.,on June 5, 1906, and the other in Buffalo, N. Y., on June 27, 1906.

Public hearing of June 5, 1906, presided over by Mr. George C. Gibbons,
K. C, Chairman of the Canadian Section and at which the full Commission was
present.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION.

Queen's Hotel, Toronto, June 5, 1906.

O. H. SiMONDS, Esq., representing The Minnesota Canal and Power Company
addressed the Commission as follows : —

Mr. President and Gentlemen of the International Waterways Commission:
I have not had an available opportunity of attending any if your previous
meetings. I am unaware as to the procedure before you and if you, in the
course of the remarks I make, feel that I go beyond the lines of professional
conduct that you expect, I shall be glad to have my attention called to it. I
shall be glad to be interrupted frequently, with a view to throwing additional
light on the subject. I have no means of knowing to what extent you are familiar
with the questions arising around the construction of the proposed works of The
Minnesota Canal & Power Company, although I have been furnished with a
list prepared by Col. Ernst showing tlie documents, the papers and maps which
have been dehvered to him from the War Department at Washington and which
I presume he has here. I have with me duplicates of most of these papers so far
as they emanate from The Minnesota Canal & Power Company, and if thought
desirable I shall be glad to file them — one for the Canadian Section and one for
the American Section. What I would like to do is to make j'ou understand so
far as I can the situation in Minnesota relating to the plans of this Company so
that when you take it into consideration with the other matters which have
been submitted to you touching the boundary waters between the United States
and Canada that you will act in an intelligent manner with a knowledge of what
the real situation is, I shall be somewhat embarrassed to know how much to
go into detail in relation to this subject. I have heard it said that the speaker is
one and the liearer is another. It js idle to speak unless it be to communicate
information which this CommissiorT desires to have and ought to have to enable
it to properly discharge its duties. At the same time I don't want to go into
length of detail or tire the Commission out and in that respect I shall be glad
to receive any suggestions that any of you may wish to make from time to time.
The conformation of land in Minnesota which has given rise to the works of
this company is briefly this.

Duluth is situated on the northerly shore of the west end of Lake Superior.
Immediately behind that city there rises a high bank of land which, within the

1105

1106 DEPARTMEST OF PCBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

limits of the citj', reaches nn elevation of 600 to 700 feet and then gradually
rises as we pass north. It would he possihle then to secure a 600 foot head to
any water power proposition where the water could be brought to the highlands
back of the city. There is a stream entering into the head waters of Lake
Superior known as the St. Louis River, which is being improved by the Great
Northern Power Company. Thej- acquired rights on that river and are making
improvements and will soon have works in operation installing something like
30,000 horse power. I suppose the conditions there in the respect I am about
to mention are the same as they are here; that the precipitation is approxim-
ately upon the average 30 inches and that it is extremely uncertain and irregular.
In the natural condition of most of our streams the flood waters run off quickly and
that leaves us with an extremely low M'ater level in times of drought. The conse-
quence of that is that the extent of anj' power which anyone might undertake to
establish upon any of these waters would be limited to the minimum flow of what-
ever water there is unless opportunities existed by which a considerable amount of
storage of flood waters could be secured. This Company has been examining this
question for manj- years and in considering the St. Louis River, which at one time
it had under contemplation to improve, it found that the facilities for storage were
extremely limited and difficult to obtain; that, without extraordinary expense,
unusual care and the adoption perhaps of heroic and possibly forbidden methods,
anything like a reasonable rmi off fro d that watershed would not be secured, and
the works must necessarilv be limited to somewhere near the minimum flowage.
To illustrate this, the flood flow of the St. Louis River is perhaps 18,000 or 20,000
cubic feet a second; its minimum flow is about 600 cubic feet per second. In
prosecuting our examination of the country we fell upon what is kIlo\^^l as the
Birch Lake drainage area, and that will be a matter of discussion and presentation
here by myself, ^Ir. Silverman, Mr. Rockwood, who represents opposing interests,
and I suppose by others. There is a situation around Birch Lake which is a
little lake about 10 or 15 miles long and perhaps }.4 to 3-4 of a mile wide, and
which has a drainage basin of about 1,100 square miles and which is located
about 800 feet above the level of Lake Superior, 1,400 above the sea level, there
is a situation Iw which substantially all the water which flows into that basin
gathers into Birch Lake and from Birch Lake it passes on north through various
lakes and streams and finally into Basswood Lake which is upon the boundary
between Canada and the LTnited States, and then along down through lakes and
streams until finally the Lake of the Woods is reached. The formation of that
part of the country is rock. It is a new country. The growth above the soil
is of timber, pine, cedar, tamarack and other woods of minor importance to
pine. Pine is the most merchantable and valuable. The other timliers are of
less value, but still they form the subject of extended commercial operations.
This country is a rocky country. It is a country where the rock comes to the
surface very frequently. The covering of this rock with soil is slight. This is
a country of lakes ; it is a country with a large number of lakes which are connected
by short streams and these streams uniformly run over a natural dam, at the
foot of each lake, made of granite or whatever the formation is. It was the propo-
sition of the Minnesota Canal and Power Companj'^ to take these waters and
divert them from their natural channel and pass them dowai to Duluth and there
use them, thereby creating a waterway of considerable importance between
Bircli Lake and the City of Duluth, also diverting water over this waterway
to Duluth and there using it for power with a head of 600 feet. In that respect
I think it is unique, so far as head is concerned. I am not aware of any place
where an equal opportunity can be derived in this country east of the Rocky
Mountains.

Mr. CosTE : Do you get a sheer head there ?

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1107

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. SiMONDs: No, the pipe lines or conduits of the works would probably
be 5,000 feet in length. There is a gradual slope, although it is steep — I should
suppose about 30 degrees — at Duluth. If any of you have been there you are
aware that the country rises right up from the water edge almost. This Birch
Lake drainage basin lies next to the St. Louis River basin, and the watershed
between these two bodies of water is less than 40 feet, I think about 32 or 33.
It looks as though Providence designed originall}' to have that water run down
to Lake Superior and in the very end possiblj^ changed its mind and put up
that divide and then left it for the human family to utilize it by changing its
course. We propose to cut a divide from the Birch Lake Reservoir to Embarrass
River, which flows into the St. Louis. The water flows in the St. Louis to a
point back of Duluth and then through a public canal to be built by the Canal
Company 24 miles in length to the works. It possibly would throw a little
light on the minds of .you gentlemen if I should display a map at this point in
which the whole matter would be shown. — Shows map No. 6 and explains to
Commission.

Col. Ernst.: Did that catalogue include everything which j'ou presented to
the Department?

Mr. SiMONDs: I think it does. I have just duplicated the catalogue with
what I have brought here. I wish to file two additional plans that would contain
a virtual history of the proposed performance of this Company from the very
beginning. If you will look closely at Map No. 6 you will note that it not
only shows Birch Lake but the reservoir which includes it. We have designed
several large reservoirs having a total capacity of about 10,000,000,000 cubic
feet, and if you look closely you will .see which is the lake and which is the reser-
voir. The lighter colour is the reservoir and the deeper colour is the lake. It is
proprosed to make a reservoir of Birch Lake and raise the water in it twenty
feet.

CoL. Ernst: You have four dams and a controlling works.

Mr. SiMONDs: Yes. It looks to me like a meritorious proposition, and I
suppose that a proposition of that kind within a reasonable limit of cost under-
taken by members of the human family would commend itself to the consideration
and approval of any body of men having a twentieth century mind.

In working out this plan, however, we necessarily touch and affect other
interests and it is on that ground that this matter has been referred to you
gentlemen and it is to discuss I suppose the relation which the carrjdng out of
this enterprise would have towards surrounding interests that we have come
here to-day.

These adverse interests might be divided into two or three classes. Just
how far the jurisdiction of you gentlemen extends I do not know. It is po.ssible
I may refer to some features of this matter with which you have no concern,
but it would be an ideal position to tell the story of this enterprise so that you
may understand what its general bearing is, then leave you to select such portions
of this interview as fairly belongs to you for your consideration. Of course in
working out a large enterprise of this character it becomes necessary to condemn
a large amount of land and the right to use this water. We have proceedings
pending in the Minnesota courts involving 700 to 800 descriptions of land that
will be affected in one way or the other, land for canals, reservoirs and overflowage.
These proceedings are now pending and are being forced to a decision as fast as
possible. Later I will give the history of those a little more in detail. We
encounter the property owner in the first place and our proceedings are adverse
to him; that is, where we propose by the strong hand of the law to take possession
of his lands for public use. Another class of men that we have encountered — and

I

1108 DEPARTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

I concede they have nothing to do with these people — are those who own land
to be sure but who are depending — the conformation of whose land is such that
a potential water-power may exist upon their land. Mr. Silverman is a man in
that position. This river — there are a multitude of rivers here — flows north
from Birch Lake across the land in which Mr. Silverman has an interest —
ownership being in the Enterprise Iron & Land Company — where there is a fall
of 60 or 70 feet and where a water-power might be created. As yet no improve-
ments of that character have been made. We also encounter in another place
where there is a fall of twenty or thirty feet, land o^^led by a man by the name of
Spelman and his wife. We encounter another situation where there is a boom
company who desire this water for a portion of the year for booming their logs
down to the mill. That would include from our standpoint the company repre-
sented here by Mr. Rockwood. Now as far as these people are concerned our
plan is to dispose of them through the State courts and if we take any tangible
and available property from them we expect to have to pay for it. We can take
property if we are acting in good faith on behalf of the public, but we must pay
for it. This second class have filed protests in our proceedings and you find
them here upon your table. I perhaps ought to say that we encounter a large
amount of government land belonging to the United States, and also some State
land, but under the laws of our State the State land can be taken; as to lands of
the United States, Congress has passed laws and established regulations under
which they can be devoted for our purposes. An application to the Secretary
of the Interior under the statute was made sometime ago and this second class
of interests I have referred to, have filed protests there against the granting of
our requests, principally on the ground that their personal interests would be
involved and affected. When we come to pursue the natural water-way still
further we find that it becomes a boundary water between the United States
and Canada and that within twenty or thirty miles of leaving the Birch Lake
basin as designated by me that it passes into the waters of the boundary line and
remains so substantially for 200 miles. 150 miles down are the works of The
Koochiching Companj^, and then it passes down to the Lake of the Woods.
There remains still another question. Before reaching that question I ought
to say that before we can divert these waters we are required to submit our
applications to Congress or the Secretary of War and secure the authority of
the Secretary of War, we will say as applicable to this case, for our works. That
would be in all cases where the streams affected are public, navigable waters of
the United States. AVe have had this matter up pretty thoroughly and the War
Department officials held that these are public waters of the United States.
We have accepted their contention and are proceeding on the theory that they
are public waters-of the United States. Early in the history of these matters we
were informed that a protest had been filed with the Secretary of State of
Canada at Ottawa and I visited Ottawa for the purpose of ascertaining what it
was. I found that the Enterprise Iron & Land Company had filed a protest
there against our diverting this water. Mr. Silverman is a man whose interests
are affected but whose remedy — whose real remedy — is in the State courts of
Minnesota and I cannot see where he has special interests in the questions
that might arise here. Subsequently there was filed a protest with the Secretary
of State by the Corporation of Fort Frances or by citizens of Fort Frances.
As a matter of fact I think that the protest filed by Mr. Silverman, which was
very informal, was never acted on but the protest filed by the citizens of Fort
Frances was sent to Washington and passed eventually into the Secretary of
State's office, and I think that is one of the reasons why the subject is referred to
this Commission. Probably Mr. Rockwood knows more about that than I do.
The Koochiching Company has its works at Fort Frances and it would not
require on my part a strong stretching of the imagination to think that Mr.
Rockwood had something to do with the filing of that protest. We have had to

I

lyTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1109

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

meet this question. When we filed our application to the Secretary of the
Interior he upon his own motion referred the matter to the Secretary of War,
to see whether in his opinion any questions arose that were under his jurisdiction,
and his reply was that such questions might arise and our application was denied
on the ground that we had not applied to the Secretary of War. This will all
appear to anyone who takes the pains to read this somewhat voluminous record.
We however filed Replies to Protests and the matter was then referred to the
Secretary of War to examine into it from the standpoint of the public and navi-
gable character of these waters and was then referred by the Secretary of War
to Major Derby of St. Paul and to Major Potter of Duluth, both of the corps of
engineers of the United States Army for an examination. Public notice of this
reference was made; a day was. fixed for hearing; everybody who had an interest
was invited to be present and be heard and there was a long hearing occupjang
an entire day attended by all interested so far as I know who were involved iu
the matter.

Mr. Gibbons: Where was that?

Mr. SiMONDs: Duluth.

Mr. Gibbons : W'ere there any Canadian interests there?

Mr. SiMONDs: None except Mr. Rockwood if you put him in that class.
We take him to be an American citizen in Minnesota. How far he represented
Canadian interests I do not know, but he represented The Koochiching Company;
Mr. Silverman was represented tlu-ough his attorney, Mr. Spelman was repre-
sented through his attorney, and the various power companies were represented
through their attorneys and the matter was ver}'' thoroughly threshed out.
Major Derby to whom the responsibility of our proposed plans were more
particularly referred — Major Potter was included in the reference because there
were certain questions arising in the St. Louis River which I need not refer to
here — the general jurisdiction of the boundary waters was under Major Derby's
control and subject to his general jurisdiction. The question was submitted
to them and a report was made which is on file here with you and is included
among the papers I have offered to file. Now we found in that hearing that
our previous contention that these were private waters in which the govern-
ment had no interest would not be sustained by these ai-my officers. They
held that according to the best knowledge that was available that they were
public waters of the United States and must come within the jurisdiction and
under the laws of Congress. Major Derby is a man of a more or less construc-
tive temperament however, and he made a report in which he subjected us to
certain rather serious conditions, but on our complying with those conditions
he recommended that our plans be approved and so it was sent on to Washington,
and inasmuch as the whole inquiry had emanated from the Interior Department
it was referred back to it, and an intimation was contained in the reference —
which you can consult here — so far as it appeared on the face of the papers
that if application should be made to the War Department that it might be
possible it would be justified in approving of the plans of the company. Then
of course the matter of the Canadian protest had to be disposed of. I have
been trying to get some kind of a hearing for sometime. I had some corres-
pondence with Col. Ernst from which I was rather of the opinion that the juris-
diction of the American Section was doubted but later it was referred to the
Commission by Secretary Root. Now that is about the story of it and we find
ourselves in this position: That we want to create that waterway from the
Birch Lake Drainage Basin to Duluth. We want to use the water at Duluth
for the distribution of power, but we are opposed in it by the several interests
mentioned and by the protest filed by the Corporation of Fort Frances. We

1110 DEl'ARTMEXT OF I'lRLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

are here to define our position in relation to this whole matter and we have reached
the conclusion that our legal attitude in relation to this business is substantiallj'
this: That so far as the public has an interest in these waters — whether that public
be the public of the United States or the Dominion of Canada^that we cannot
interfere with their use. and that this Commission and in fact probably no body
that could be created could permit us to do so. We have come to the conclusion
that as to the State of Minnesota that whatever public interests there are in
those waters, whatever rights of navigation, are held by the state as sovereign
and cannot be conveyed to us or anyone else and must so remain, and we have
somewhat modified our original idea with the wider knowledge and more extended
experience covering a prolonged fight. We know that Birch Lake coimtry and
the position we take is that we desire to divert these waters subject entirely to
the public rights and interests therein. If it so be that these waters can furnish
navigation to the public that navigation must be maintained. Under the laws
of Minnesota if those waters can be utilized advantageously for even the running
of logs we hold ourselves subordinate to that proposition, but with those principles
aside we claim the right to divert the water and that our original proposition
should be permitted, namely, that we should be permitted to gather up these
waters and reservoir them and deliver such portion of them to the City of Duluth
as can be done without detriment to the public interest. We have inaugurated
some proceedings in the state courts. We brought a proceeding against The
Koochiching Company, who are represented by Mr. Rockwood. In our principal
proceeding covering a part of the Birch Lake Basin the Judge held with our
contention and appointed commissioners. In the case of The Koochiching
Company the district court declined to appoint commissioners on the ground
so far as I understand that he was not satisfied that our articles of incorporation
limited us to the use of this water for public purposes ; that it might be possible
within the scope of our articles of incorporation that we could devote it to a
private use. The law is well settled gentlemen that it would be impossible
for any government to take property away from one man and give it to another,
but where organizations are created for a public use they are permitted to take
the lands of others by paying a reasonable compensation therefor and it was
held by this judge that inasmuch as we have combined in our plans public
and private uses as he contended, we ought not to be permitted to proceed.
We clesired to possess this water for the purpose of generating electricity to be
distributed among all people who might wish to use the same, and we also desire
the right to sell water directly from the wheels to any user M'ho might desire
to use the same. The trial court was of the opinion that while the creation
of power and its distribution by electricity was a public use, yet in connection
therewith the furnishing of water to a private owner, that is to any person to use
without the intervention of electricity, M'as a private use and that the two being
combined we must fail in our case. I am stating now more the question of the
Supreme Court which afterwards disposed of the case than I am of the trial Court,
but we will pass right on to the Supreme Court. The matter was heard and
disposed of the last of IMarch. The Supreme Court held just as I have stated,
that one of the uses proposed by us was private, that the other use was a public
use, and that we having combined the two there was no way of determining
which was public and which was private. The court also took up the question
of the power conferrctl Ijj' the statutes of Minnesota upon corporations of this
kind to divert water from one watershed to another as we propose to do and in
the conclusion decided adversel}' to our contentions. That decision was based
upon a variety of circumstances. We were and are of the opinion that some of
the reasons assigned were unwarranted. For instance the court held that inas-
much as the United States statute required the consent of Congress or the consent
of an officer of the Government — the Secretary of War in this case — to the use
of public waters and that we had not secured that consent that they could

INTERNATIOXA/. WAr.':h'\¥AYS COMMISSION 1111

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

not render a judgment which would enable us to take these waters against
the laws of the United States. That opinion has not been published. I have
a certified copy of the opinion here. I presume Mr. Rockwood has.

Mr. Rockwood: I don't know when it will be published. The West Pub-
lishing Company is for some reason quite a way behind. I understand it is on
account of a printers' strike.

Mr. Clinton: Have you furnished a copy.

Mr. SiMONDs: Have you got a copy of the opinion of the trial court

Mr. Rockwood: Yes, it is very brief. It may throw some light possibly on
the decision of the Supreme Court. So far as the discussion of the legal question
is concerned the opinion of the trial court was contained in half-a-dozen lines.

Mr. Simonds: Since the decision of the Supreme Court and under the light
of that decision the corporation has amended its articles of incorporation and if
there was any question of a private use involved in the original articles I think
that idea has been completely eliminated. The contention that an added use to
a recognized public use was a limitation instead of an expansion was a surprise to
the people who incorporated the Canal Company, but it having been so held we
respect and abide by it and change our course to obviate the difficulty.

Mr. Clinton: The articles of incorporation now limit your power to the
generation of electricity.

Mr. Simonds: They are very short and I will read them.

Mr. CosTE : This is a new corporation

Mr. Simonds: No, it is the same corporation entirely. I was going to say
that since this proceeding was made we have amended the articles which I have
referred to and which I will read and we have filed in lieu of the original petition
a new petition. I may say also that there has been a revision of the laws of the
State of Minnesota upon all subjects which went into effect on the 1st of March.
This matter was submitted prior to that time. It was submitted in January and
was decided under the old law, but there has been a revision in which the powers
conferred upon corporations of this kind are somewhat larger and I would be
glad to furnish you with copies of such sections of that law or with the body of the
law itself as would bear upon that question. I suppose that these questions are
not of the most material character here, provided that it appears that there is a
fair probability that the proceedings are warranted by law.

Mr. Gibbons: I see how you get over in your articles the private use.
How do you get over the objection that it interferes with the United States and
Great Britain with reference to the boundary waters?

Mr. Simonds: I will try and throw a little light at all events on our view in
relation to it. These articles provide that the corporation is organized

"To generate electricity in the State of Minnesota by steam or water-power
for public use and to distribute and supply such electricity to the public for light,
heat and power purposes ; to construct, maintain and operate canals and improve
navigation and to supply the public with water; to purchase, lease, construct,
own, operate and maintain all dams, reservoirs, canals, ditches, embankments,
pipe lines, transmission lines, power-house and other buildings and machinery
and all subways, conduits and other works and appliances which shall be necessary
or convenient for performing the business and accomplishing the purposes
above set forth; and to acquire by purchase, gift, lease, license, condemnation and

1112 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

other lawful means anj' and all property, rights, easements and franchises
which shall be necessarj' or convenient for carrying on the business and accomp-
lishing the purposes of said corporation as herein expressed.

"It is hereby declared to be the object and purpose of this corporation to
acquire, construct, operate and maintain all the works and appliances hereinbe-
fore mentioned and to do all the things hereinbefore authorized for public use on
equal terms and for a reasonable compensation, subject to the super\asion and
control of the State of Minnesota."

That amendment of the articles has not as yet been submitted to any legal
construction, but if it is not limited to a public use it is because the attornej^s of
the company were unable to prepare articles which would give expression to that
idea. I would like to read two or three of the allegations in the petition which is
now pending and which came up for hearing last Saturday and was put over two
or three weeks.

"2. That for the purpose of accomplishing the objects for which it was
organized as aforesaid your petitioner has undertaken a work of internal im-
provement for public use, which is described as follows, to wit: —

(a) The construction and maintenance of a continuous navigable water
course from and within the territory hereinafter described and designated as the
Birch Lake Drainage Basin in St. Louis and Lake counties, Minnesota to a point
in section twenty-two (22) in town forty-nine (49) north, range fifteen (15) west
in that part of the City of Duluth commonly called West Duluth, which shall
include the construction and maintenance of a na%'igable canal connecting said
Birch Lake Drainage Basin ^vith the Embarrass River, thence along said Embarr-
ass River to a point in the northerly end of Sabin Lake in section eighteen (18)
town fifty-nine (59) north, range fifteen (15) west and the improvement of the
Embarrass River and the lakes along the course thereof and the St. Louis River
below the outlet of the Embarrass River down to a point in section sixteen (16),
town fifty (50) north, range seventeen (17) west in St. Louis County, Minnesota;
the construction and maintenance of a navigable canal from said last mentioned
point on the St. Louis River easterlj' to said point in the Citj' of Duluth in section
twenty-two (22) which is approximateh^ six hundred (600) feet above the level
of the Bay of St. Louis at said City of Duluth and the construction and mainten-
ance in connection therewith of a suitable device or chute for delivering logs,
lumber, timber, forest and other products from the east end of said canal at the
point last described to and into the said Baj' of St. Louis, which canals shall be
of such size, dimensions and capacitj^ as to allow the floating of canal boats and
barges and other water-craft thereon for the transportation of merchandise
and to allow the floating of logs, lumber, timber and forest products thereon,
M'hich water-course shall be capable of deliA'ering the logs, lumber, timber, forest
and other products from said Birch Lake Drainage Basin and from said St. Louis
RiAcr and its tributaries to and into the Bay of St. Louis at the said City of Du-
luth and the water tributary to the St. Louis River Canal hereinafter described.

(b) The furnishing and distribution, bj^ means of such water-course and said
work, of water to municipalities, persons and corporations for public use.

(c) The generation of electricity by means of the water-power hereinafter
described and the supplj-ing of such electricity for public use to all municipalities
persons and corporations desiring the same, for light, heat and power purposes,
which water-power shall be created by conducting in pipes and conduits the water
so diverted from the east end of said St. Louis River Canal, to the power plant
of your petitioner, which will be located ,at or near the level of the Bay of St. Louis
at said City of Duluth under a head of six hundred (600) feet or thereabouts.

(d) The diversion into said water-course of such portion of the waters
of the said Birch Lake Drainage Basin as may be required to carry out the pur-
poses of this corporation and the diversion of which will not interfere with the
navigation, navigable capacity or public use of the waters of the said Birch

ISTERyATWSAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1113

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Lake Drainage Basin and tlie various lakes and streams to which they are tributary
and the diversion into said St. Louis Rive r Canal of the waters tributary thereto.
And that all of said works are to be constructed and maintained for public
use on equal terms by ?.\\ municipalities, persons and corporations for a reasonable
compensation subject to the supervision of the State of Minnesota.

3. That the Birch Lake Drainage Basin hereinbefore referred to consists
of that certain tract of land in St. Louis and Lake Counties, Minnesota, the
waters of which run into Birch Lake in said Counties together with all the terri-
tory whose waters drain into the Kawishiwi River, above the dam hereinafter
described to be erected in section twentj'-eight (28), town sixty-three (63) north,
range ten (10) west in Lake County, Minnesota, and the extent of said Birch
Lake Drainage Basin is about eleven hundred and three (1,103) square miles.

4. That the average annual run-off from said Birch Lake Drainage Basin
is about 35 billion cubic feet of water, practically all of which can be reservoired
by your petitioner and conducted into and through its Birch Lake Reservoir
hereinafter described by means of its proposed works as herein described and,
after the diversion of the water which your petitioner proposes and seeks to make
from said Birch Lake Drainage Basin through its said water-course to the City
of Duluth, there would be left a large quantity of water sufficient for all purposes
of navigation and public use and that your petitioner, by reason of the storage
of water as herein set forth, would be able to distribute water along the natural
water-course below Birch Lake hereinafter described in such a manner as to
improve the navigation of such natural water-course and the public use thereof.

5. That the waters of said Birch Lake Drainage Basin are covered with ice
for an average of six months of every year and during that period no navigation
or running of logs or public use thereof is practicable ; that said waters flow north
from Birch Lake through Birch River, White Iron Lake, Garden Lake, Farm Lake,
Fall Lake and the coiuiecting streams into Basswood Lake; thence north along
the boundary waters between Canada and the United States into the Lake
of the Woods.

6. That none of the streams in said Birch Lake Drainage Basin and none of
the streams connecting the chain of lakes between Birch Lake and Basswood
Lake are capable of navigation for any purpose whatever except at certain
short periods of the year for the rmming and driving of logs when aided by arti-
ficial means.

7. That the navigation and public use of none of the lakes in said Birch
Lake Drainage Basin and none of the lakes through which said waters of the
Birch Lake Drainage Basin flow will be injuriously affected by the diversion
of water therefrom as proposed by your petitioner. "

Now we claim in relation to this Commission and in relation to the attitude
which the authorities of Canada ought to take in relation to it, that really
the Canadian people occupy the same position toward these waters on the
boundary line as the United States Government occupies with reference to
them within the territory of the United States. They stand as trustees for
these waters so far as any public use of them is concerned. Here is what we
would assume to be a meritorious enterprise which ought to prevail we think to
the full extent that it can be prosecuted without the violation of public rights.
This boundary between Canada and the United States is a line which extends
for thousands of miles. I am not aware that all the questions which have been
submitted to you gentlemen have been disposed of, but I conceive that the whole
matter is one that must be treated in a fair and reasonable spirit and for the
purpose of really advancing the interests of both countries. I would not under-
take to say just where the balance shall be struck . It is a very difficult thing
to get at. The diversion of waters is no new thing in the history of the world.
The people of the United States undertook to divert Canadian waters as early
as 1825 through the Erie Canal. So far as I know that was the first diversion

I

1114 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

of water on boundary lines. That was followed by the Canadian people who
diverted water from Lake Erie by the first and second Welland Canals. The
question has arisen as to the distribution of the water of St. Mary's River. My
information is that this Commission has had this matter up before it and reached
a conclusion and that the question has been entirely settled as to how these
waters shall be disposed of. When we go farther west the matter comes up as to
the question of irrigation. Now, I want this Commission to decide this matter
in such a way as to promote the interests of the United States and of Canada.
It is hard for me to pick out the individual interests and separate them from
the other interests that may arise. It may be that the Canadian interests
are getting more than the American interests; I don't know. Whether they
are entitled to more I don't know. At the Soo, I took a clipping from a paper
as I was coming here on the train from which the impression that I got — I don't
know what the fact is — is that at the Soo the water-power to be generated as agreed
to on the Canadian side was in excess of what the natural equities would be. I
may be wrong about that. The item was very limited and there is no use of
my speaking about it. I think that the duty of the Canadian Section of this
Commission is done when it sees that the public interests are protected. When
those interests are protected I think that its duty is done just as well as the duty
of the American Section is done when it sees that the public interests are protected.
A most thorough examination, as I said, was made before these gentlemen of
the Engineer Corps of the Army, Majors Derby and Potter, and I should think
their examination of the question with all the parties before them and all the
questions before them — I don't know whether the Canadians were represented
in person, because Mr. Silverman, Mr. Rockwood and the St. Croix Lumber
Company have all availed themselves of Canada's position as a reason why this
matter should not be one between our people alone. But on all other matters
they are Canadians and represent Canada in that country. You have no idea
what able representatives thej^ are. I will read just a little further to show
the attitude that we take and all that I ask you gentlemen to do is to permit
us to go on with our works so far as they will not interfere with these public
navigation interests.

Mr. Gibbons: Who shall be the judge of that as to Canada? What are
we going to say to our people who come to us and complain that the waters
of the Rainy River will be lowered? How are we going to meet that?

Mr. SiMONDS: I will tell you how Major Derby works it out.

Mr. Gibbons: We have seen his report. For instance that provides for a
dam entirely in Canadian territory.

Mr. SiMONDs: It was on the boundary.

Mr. Gibbons: No, Keewatin.

Mr. SiMONDs: If you will allow your mind to be diverted for a moment the
question with Major Derby during progress of the hearing was as to the effect
that the proposed diversion which we were going to make would have upon the
depth of water in the Lake of the Woods and we sent our engineers to Rat Portage
to examine the situation there and see what controlled the depth of the waters
and we found that some Canadian Corporation had built a substantial strong
dam there and that the present elevation of the waters of the Lake of the Woods,
to saj"^ nothing about the future, was determined by the operation of this dam
with its stop logs and that the LTnited States was dependent upon the manipulation
of those blocks, as well as the Canadians, for a reasonable depth of water in that
great lake. Major Derby M'hen this information was laid before him made a
communication to the Secretary of War recommending that the matter of the

INTERNATIONAL WATHRWATS COMMISSION 1115

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

maintenance of this dam be taken up between the United States and Canada and
recommended that it was important that this dam should be maintained for that
purpose. These are photographs of the dam (showing photographs to the
Commission). That was a matter he said that whether our contentions were
allowed or not, he should take up and would undertake to bring about, and the
matter so far as we are concerned was left in that condition. Then there are
other dams which he recommended should be built. Of course there may be
practical difficulties arising betweeen the two countries in relation to it. I
suppose that matters of that kind can only be adjusted by representation
between the countries — individual parties can hardly be involved in them directly.
I think that Major Derby's idea M^as that we ought to look at this matter from
a constructive standpoint. Here are vast natural resources which during the
past have gone to waste and now the time has arisen when it seems as though
some substantial benefit could be realized by the human family by the improve-
ments it is proposed to make. It is that spirit which has induced the work at
Niagara Falls. Of course at Niagara Falls another proposition is encountered.
The question is raised as to how far the scenic effects at Niagara Falls should be
interfered with by the efforts to utilize water for the purpose of power. Such I
do not think can be involved in the proceedings that we propose in our scheme.
Of course j'ou see a great deal has been spoken about 600 cubic feet a second,
but the attitude that we take is that we cannot ask properly for any particular
quantity of water that we should be able to take from these lakes, but that we
must be limited in the amount taken by its effect upon the public interest.
This Birch Lake Drainage Basin is approximately six per cent of the drainage basin
of the Rainy River at Koochiching. It is about three per cent of the drainage
area tributary to the Lake of the Woods. If it so be that 600 cubic feet a second
can be taken from this water — shed without interfering with navigation and other
interests it then would represent about three per cent or three and a half per cent
of the territory tributary to the Rainy River and one and a half per cent of the
territory tributary to the Lake of the Woods. Those contentions were worked
out with a great deal of care by Mr. Banks, but they were set entirely aside by
Major Derby in his report. He said in effect — I don't want to set any difficulties
in the way, but what I want to do is to protect the public and navigation interests
and subject to that protection you can go on with your improvement. Of
course it is not much to say that the 600 cubic feet per second which we would
like to take out from the boundary waters near Birch Lake are restored to the
boundary waters of the United States and Canada and that it passes along
down past us here. 600 cubic feet a second is not verj^ much in this vast water-
shed and in this vast flowage of water. But it is as much in fact as we propose
to take out. We are not destroying this water. We are taking it out of a very
large water-shed and it is a very small percentage of the flowage of the drainage
basin. Further than that let me add that this water which we propose to take
can only be secured by going into an extensive system of storage. Now I referred
to the uncertainty of this flowage. In the Birch Lake basin the flood flowage is
4,400 cubic feet per second and the low water flowage is 220 cubic feet per second.
The engineer for The Koochiching Company stated that the high water flowage
in the drainage basin tributary to Koochiching was about 50,000 cubic feet
a second and the low water at that time was estimated bj^ him to be 3,500 cubic
feet a second. I have read the contract between Canada and The Koochiching
Company in relation to that matter and I can say that they are possessed of the
same idea, that this water must be reservoired. Yet I can sec that they are
looking forward to the time when they will have the privilege themselves of
storage. Now as a matter of fact The Koochiching Company has had prepared
various plans and expect to install we will say 16,000 to 20,000 h. p. If they
should install 20,000 h. p. they would be unable to use any more than 40 per cent
of the flowage of water at that point. If we have put ourselves in a position so

1116 DEPARTHEXT OF PVBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

that we can use this water and not interfere with the public, and by that I mean
the interests of navigation, we have got to put in this large storage sj-stem to
save this flowage of water which would do no good to the interests of navigation
and no good to the Koochiching Company.

Mr. Gibbons: They seem to decide two points against j'ou. First that
the assertion of private uses made it improper; second that there is no statutory
right to divert a water — shed from one national stream across to another,
especially where it is boundary water.

Mr. SiMOXDs: If you will let me read a few paragraphs I will refer to it.

Mr. Gibbons: Do I understand the decision?

Mr. SiMONDs: You have a rough hewed judgment of it (Reading from
petition :)

"8. That your petitioner's said works and the diversion of water as proposed
by your petitioner will not interfere with the navigable capacity of anj' of said
waters and will not interfere with any navigation of which they are capable,
and your petitioner's works can and will be so conducted as not to interfere
with such navigation or any public use thereof, but on the contrarj'' so as to aid
and facilitate the same and so as to increase and improve the navigable capacity
of said waters."

We take the risk and we expect in this case to finally secure a judgment in
which our use of this water will be limited in this language or any other proper
janguage.

Mr. Gibbons: There is one point I would like you to go further about.

They go further and saj' "Thej' have no jurisdiction upon the

rights of riparian proprietors in Canada".

yir. SiMONDs: I am going to ask you to let us out.

Mr. Gibbons: Your ov\'n Supreme Court in ^Minnesota held that they had no
jurisdiction to give you this charter because the changing of this water from one
water-shed to another would be illegal. Have you not got to get the opinion of
this Court again in Minnesota?

Mr. SiMONDS: Oh yes, we have got to go to that same court. I wish to read
just a little further along the same line showing the attitude in which we have
put ourselves before the court and then I will see what I can say in relation to
this matter and discuss this opinion. A copy of this paper will be left here.

Mr. Clinton : I suppose ]Mr. Simonds the reason is that this is a question of
fact that it will interfere with riparian rights?

Mr. Simonds : No, I think the report will go a little further than that and 1
want to explain to ^Ir. Gibbons in relation to it.

Mr. Gibbons: (Reading from Opinion) "The trial court refused to grant the
petition because the purposes for which the petitioning corporation is organized
a,nd for which it seeks to condemn the lands and rights sought to be condemned . .
. . . are not all public uses, but private uses are involved in and possible there-
under."

Mr. Simonds: What you have read is based upon a category of reasons
which I would like to present to you, now that the question has been raised.
The court is considering the disposition of the first point as to whether the Legis-
lature of the State of Minnesota has conferred authority upon corporations of this
character to condemn property of others under circumstances where it would

t

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1117

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

amount to diversion from one water-shed to another. It refers to many causes.
It quotes in the first place the sections of the law which I won't stop to read at
this moment, but I shall read what it says about it.

"Taking these sections together it is apparent that the Legislature has not
expressly authorized the condemnation of land for the construction of a canal
which is primarily designed for the creation of power, but incidentally for purpo-
ses of navigation. See note 61 L.R.A. 853 (a). Sec. 2592 authorizes the taking
of private property for public use in the construction of canals to be used as
public highways, but the subsequent statute restricts the canals which may be
thus constructed, to certain localities, by limiting the right-of-way which may be
condemned, to such as is for a canal running parallel to the water-course. The
grant is of the right "to canal in and along the valley of any river, baj^, stream,
lake or water-course."

Now the court regards that language as in the statute in a limitation upon
the right to divert water from one watershed to another. In the statute itself
the power is not conferred. It is rather limited to ''canal in and along the valley
of any stream." The statutes in that respect were built up by many amendments
at different times. The first enactment was in 1866 and there have lieen many
amendments, but in the revision which went into effect in March, 1906, this re-
straint is not found so that whatever argument may be based on that would fall
to the ground, for the statute has been changed.

Mr. Gibbons: (Reading from Opinion) "The doubt as to whether the legis-
lature intended to grant such power is strengthened when we consider the nature
of the waters which the petitioner seeks to divert from their natural courses.
It is not seriously contended that the Birch River is not a navigable stream, as
defined by the courts of this and other states, in which logging and lumbering is
extensively carried on. The streams through which the water of Birch Lake
finds its natural outlet are navigable in fact and have in the past and will in the
future to an ever increasing extent be used as highways for the carriage of logs
and the general products of the soil of the surrounding country."

Mr. SiMONDs: Now that is another consideration whiph affected the minds
of the court. The final judgment of the court, except in some modification of
facts and contentions, we are bound by. But I submit to you gentlemen the
question as to whether the court has thought out that reason correctly, and as to
whether the court itself when it comes to consider the question will not change
its views so far as that reason is concerned, and whether such change may not
affect its final judgment. Now what is this Birch Lake coimtry? I have told
you that it is a rugged and rocky wilderness up there. It has a crop of timber on
it. That crop of timber, as a matter of fact, is being worked off now and will be
worked off within the next eight to fifteen years entirely, so far as I know. I
don't know what may be discovered hereafter, but there is nothing then to take
its place. Instead of the traffic in the way of running logs, etc., being ever on the
increase I submit to you that it takes 100 or 150 years to raise a forest and that
you cannot expect another forest to be created there during the present and the
two ensuing generations.

Mr. Gibbons: (Reading from Opinion) "The public have a right of way in
every stream which in its natural state and ordinary volume is capable of trans-
porting to market the products of the forest or mines or the soil along its banks.
It is not essential that the property to be transported shall be carried in vessels
or guided by the hand of man. Nor is it necessary that the stream shall be
capable of navigation against the current or that it shall be navigable at all sea-
sons of the year. It is sufficient if from natural causes, it is navigable at certain
seasons."

19a— 77

1118 DEPART.ilEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

]Mr. SiMOXDs: We considered that proposition. Whatever navigation there
is there now and whatever shall be, will have preference over our rights. Right
in this connection I would like to show a profile of that country. It would throw
a little light on the situation. Now I want you gentlemen to look at that (profile)
and understand it as iuWy as possible and I will go through this opinion and tell
you how it strikes me and what we are going to ask the Supreme Court of the
state to do. There are no rivers in that country up there. It has a lot of pools
or lakes connected bj-^ streams — Produces profile and shows to Commission.

]\Ir. GiBBOxs:What is the total fall?

Mr. SiMOXDs: It is about 300 feet to Koochiching; below that it is not so
much. There is about 20 feet drop in the Rainy River. (To Mr. Banks, engineer
of Canal Company :) What is encountered at the feet of each of these lakes or
pools that holds them to their levels?

Mr. Banks: Almost invariably there is a granite ledge.

^Ir. SiMONDs: '(Reading from Opinion). "What has been said with refer-
ence to the navigability of Birch River applies equally to Birch Lake and the
other lakes from which the appellant proposes to draw the water. For the
purpose of ascertaining whether the state has authorized this interference 'svith
navigable water it is necessary to examine the prohibitions which are found
in the organic law of the state as well as the statutes. In the Ordinance of
1787 we find the statement that: 'The navigable waters leading into the Mississ-
ippi and the .St. LawTence and the carrying places between the same, shall be
common highwaj's and forever free as well to the inhabitants of said territory
as to the citizens of the United States and those of other States that may be
admitted into the confederacy, without any tax, impost or duty therefor." The
act authorizing the inhabitants of the Territory of ^Minnesota to form a state
government provides: 'That the said State of Minnesota shall have concurrent
jurisdiction on the Mississippi and all other waters bordering on said State of
Minnesota so far as the same sh.all form a common boundary to said State and
anj' other State or States now or hereafter to be formed or bounded by the same
and said river and waters and the navigable waters leading into the same shall
be common highwaj-s and forever free as well to the inhabitants of the said State
as to all other citizens of the United States without aii}^ tax, duty, impost or
toll therefor.' Substantially this provision appears as sec. 2 of Art. 2 of the
constitution of the State. The first legislature which met under the constitution
passed a law which now appears as sec. 2385, Gen. Stat. 1894 and provides
that: 'All the rivers within this State of sufficient size for floating or driving logs,
timber or lumber and which maj' be used for that purpose are hereby declared
to be public highways so far as to prevent obstructions to the free passage of
logs, timber or lumber down said streams or either of them.'"

We cannot interfere with that. We have got to see that that right is
maintained. So far as we are concerned that is what we are prepared to do.
I think perhaps the court has misunderstood our attitude. Perhaps it was not so
clear as it is today. (Reading from the Opinion) :

"It is conceded that Birch Lake and Birch River and the other waters
referred to are meandered waters and sec. 6S78 G.S. 1894 makes it a public
offence to "drain or attempt to drain any lake, pond or bodj- of water in the state
which has been meandered " unless under express statutory authority. Dowlane
IS Sibley Co. 36 Minn. 430. To unla-\\-fully interfere with or obstruct the navi-
tion of any lake or navigable river is a public nuisance. Sec. 6613 G.S. 1894.
Congress has also expressly prohibited the obstruction of any navigable waters
of the United States without its consent (Fed. Stat. Arm. Vol. 6 P. 783, 813,
Sec. 10) and the state is powerless to authorize any obstructions which would
be a violation of the federal statutes."

I\TEIiyAri()\Ah ir.4 77i7iMll).s' COMMISSION 1119

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

That is right. Our theory of that matter was different from what thi.s
judge seems to have taken. We have got to go to different tribunals in order
to acquire the different dasses of rights that we desire. And if it should be held,
for instance, bj' this tribunal that they would not under any circumstances
grant this consent until we have acquired that consent of the State, and if the
United States Government would refuse to act until we had received the consent
of this Commission, and if the state should persist in saying that it would never
grant our petition until we acquire the Canadian Government's consent, you
would .see that we would be blocked in the game without bringing the whole
matter to an issue. All that we ask of this Commission relates to the matters
that are properly before it and over which it has jurisdiction. If we should
get the fullest authority from this Commission and then we could itot get permis-
sion from the Secretary of War the thing would be blocked. If we got the consent
of the Scretary of War and the Supreme Court should say, This is not a case
where we could authorize the condemnation of property then we cannot go
any further. We have got to appear before these various tribunals and get their
consent to the different points involved.

Mr. Gibbons: If the State didn't grant you permission our permission would
not be of anj^ use?

Mr. SiMONDS: None whatever. You could give us the freest permission
in the world, but we would be barred entirely until we could convince tlie Supreme
Court. We would like to have you give us what you can now and we would
like the United States Government to give us what they can and we will get
the Supreme Court to our view just as fast as we can get it there. (Continuing
reading :

" Congress has also expressly prohibited the obstruction of any navigable
waters of the United States without its consent (Fed. Stat. Ann. Vol. 6 P. 783,
813, Sec. 10) and the state is powerless to authorize any obstructions which would
be a violation of the federal statutes In U.S. vs Rio Grande Dam & Irriga-
tion Co. 174 U.S. 690 it is held that the diversion of waters from a navigable
stream to such an extent as to appreciably impair its navigability is an 'obstruction'
within the meaning of the statute. It is true that the trial court has found
that the carrj'ing out of the appellant's enterprise would not substantially
interfere with the capacity of the lakes for navigation or any other public use
to which they have at any time been put. This finding deals entirely with
conditions as they have existed in the past and does not determine that the
enterprise will not interfere with the more extensive use of the waters which
is inevitable in the future as the country develops and navigation increases."

We have got to let the future in some respects take care of itself. But in
order to meet that position we allege that that diversion will not interfere with
any navigation that will arise upon the water-course.

"The court does not find that it would at times prevent the floating of
logs over the rapids in the rivers connecting the lakes within the State unless
the petitioner's dam should be so separated as to furnish water for the driving
of the logs down the stream at such times as there should be logs to drive — 'and
it would not be impossible to so sepai-ate said dams'. This means that the
navigation of the streams would be placed under the control of the appellant
to be regulated as it should see fit, thus giving to it as an incident to the power
to create a canal and a water-power at Duluth the overlordship and control
of navigation on large and important public waters of the State. "

Mr. Gibbons: Is not that the necessary effect?

Mr. SiMONDs: I think not. I think that it is not fair to presume that any
citizen or any corporation engaged in the performance of a lawful act will violate
the law which controls its action. If such a violation should take place there
19a— 77|

1120 DEPARTMEKT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

are all kinds of remedies to be applied by anj^ injured partj', but I submit to
you gentlemen whether it is fair to assume that we would act in violation of
the supreme law of the land so far as the State of Minnesota is concerned in
carrying out these grants and whether there would be any good policy in doing it.
Now suppose we were able to carrj' the "Big stick" would it be policj- for any
sane corporation to work out its business in that way when it would put itself
at the mercy of anybodj^ who might consider himself to be injured and whose
entire performance could be restrained? If we carry through this project and
engage in the development of this power and find customers at Duluth and
elsewhere we have got to furnish them with power. We have got to put millions
into it in order to succeed in getting this result. I think it would be a suicidal
position for any companj' to put itself, in which by its own act it would cause
trouble and disaster to itself.

"We find no such grant and in view of the presumption in favour of the
rights of the individual, the State and Federal prohibition against the obstruction
of navigable waters, the rule that the rights of the state in such waters are
sovereign and not proprietary that tliej' are held in trust for the public as highway
and cannot be alienable, the fact that the doctrine of the appropriation of waters,
adopted in some of the western states, does not prevail in Minnesota."

Now you are a lawA^er and the other members of the Bar upon this Com-
mission will understand what the allusion is here. The necessities or the interests
of the people in the Western States, particularly those States where irrigation
is required to bring out and develop the country have abandoned the doctrine
of the common law as applicable to cases of this kind and have gone lengths
perhaps which have not been followed in the east. This court .saj's it is not
followed in the State of Minnesota. It probably never ■will Ijc followed in the
State of Minnesota unless some overwhelming cause arises.

Mr. CosTE : It is because we have too much water.

Mr. SiMONDs: I suppose so. I suppose the uses to which j'ou put this
water are not the highest use to which it could be put. Irrigation is a matteT
of life or death to a land. You have got to have irrigation in order to supply
the land and because of that a community no doubt would adopt more liberal
rules than in cases where that extraordinarj' necessitj- does not exist. So far
as all these various objections are concerned, I concede that it is possible for
the officers of the United States Government to deny the application vrhich
is virtually referred in part to this Commission. I do not expect them to do
it if on a careful consideration of the subject they find it is a meritorious enter-
prise which will not interfere with public interests. AVhen we come to this
Commission, while it is possible that this Commission may report to their
respective governments that this ought not to be done I do not expect it to do
so except on a verj- careful consideration. If on the other hand this diversion
can, by reason of extraordinary' storage, be made, without injuring the public
interest, I expect under proper and reasonable limitations j-ou will allow it to
be done. I may say that the same interest which affected the minds of the
Corps of Engineers should affect your minds. We are here for a reasonable
thing. We clo not want to tread on the rights of any person or on the rights of
the public. We have the right to condemn lands of individuals but we are
required to pay for it. (Reading from Opinion) :

"The treaty relations between the United States and Great Britain with
reference to the boundary waters between the United States and Canada." I have a
copy of that treat}- although it does not directly refer to this situation; it is
immaterial whether it does or not. All of us are here and should be here for
the purpose of working out these natural resources that have been supplied to
us for the best advantage of the human family and one man should not be
allowed against all reason to have his way against the interest of another. What

IKTERNATIOKAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION H2l

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

is a reasonable and fair thing to do is wliat this Commission ought to watcli, or
any other. Of course this Commission is not bound by any statutory law. They
do what seems to them to be the reasonable and fair thing to do. We expect
to be bound by the decision of the Supreme Court of Minnesota. Three of these
judges agreed in this judgment. The prevailing opinion is the law of the land
at the present time. The other opinion is a much more pleasant one to me but
we have got to convince the three other judges of that court.

Mr. Gibbons: Is the court constituted the same now as it was?

Mr. SiMONDs: Yes.

Mr. Gibbons: (Reads from dissension) "The natural, fair and reasonable
import of the language employed in the statute authorizes the incorporation
of companies for the purpose of constructing, maintaining and developing
canals for the purposes of navigation and also for the purpose of creating water
power, for public use, and confers upon sucli corporations the right of eminent
domain to the extent necessary to carry these objects into effect. Such improve-
ments may be developed independently or they may be worked out jomtly and
there is nothing in petitioner's articles to justify the assertion that navigation
is not one of the primary objects to be attained."

Mr. SiMONDs: I would like to say in that respect in self abasement that
the attorney who drew the articles which are referred to in these opinions
undertook to incorporate pretty nearly the entire substance of the statute in
the purposes of the corporation and he got up a sentence of something like
seven hundred words which contained about all that was to be found in this
statute authorized in one way or in another. It was very confusing to the
trial court. Mr. Rockwood him.self couldn't understand it. The trial judge
was dissatisfied with it and thought it was a horrid conception, and while the
Supreme Court held it was good so far as legal effect was concerned yet they
gave it a very bad literary criticism. (Continuing reading.)

"There is no reasonable ground for the conclusion that it was the intention
of the legislature to limit the right of way for such canals to the particular water-
shed where the waters are to be secured. There was no object in fixing such a
limitation since it would prevent the working out of the very spirit and purposes
of the statute.

It is not material in this case that the lakes and streams constituting the
Birch Lake water-shed are navigable waters and find a final outlet into an inter-
national stream. It is of no importance that the enterprise diverts a portion of
these waters over a divide into another water-course. The ciuestion here is,
how much, if any, does the working out of the plan damage respondent in its
capacity as a riparian land owner, by diverting waters which would otherwise
fiow by its premises. To the extent of the injury suffered in such capacity
com.pensation must be assessed. But in so far as respondent is interested in
common with the general public, it has no standing in court to raise objection
to an interference with public rights in navigable waters. All of respondent's
private interests, however affected, may be condemned and paid for, such
interest being subject to tlae rights conferred upon public service corporations.

This proceeding does not undertake to interfere \vith public rights. There
is no attempt here to condemn them. The State has no authority to confer such
authority and if in putting the scheme into execution petitioner cliverts waters so
as to affect the public interests, therem, then the constituted public authorities
may call it to account or enjoin the infringement. In this case, however, the
trial court accepted every position (save one) contended for by petitioners, found
the public interest required the development of the enterprise and did not find
that respondent would be damaged in the least. The court denied the petitioii
upon the grounds only, that private interests were sub.served.

1122 DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WOIiKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

I dissent also from the decision of tlie majoritj' to the effect that there is
such a distinction between water power converted into electrical energy and water
powf r as such, that the former is susceptible of public use, whereas the latter is
only available for private use." That is a matter in which you have no special
interest.

Mr, Gibbons: He didn't con.sidcr the effect on public interest at all. He
sought to state that all he was considering was whether the people there could
assert public rights. It does not really affect our issue very much.

Mr. SiMONDS: It couldn't affect it. We might get a unanimous deci.'iion
of that court giving us all kinds of powers to divert this water and it would not
affect your position one iota.

Mr. GiBBOxs: It is not an issue here. This court has dealt with tiiat.

Mr. SiMONDs: I have stated what I think this tribunal ought to do, and it is
only a reasonable thing which I ask them to do. This is all I wish to say in rela-
tion to it unless there are anj' persons who wish to ask any further questions.

Col. Ernst: You have not enlarged at all upon what means you would adopt
to alleviate private rights and Canadian citizens; thej^ have some rights.

Mr. SiMONDs: I cannot answer the question. I don't suppose that can be
done in any way except through the general governments of the two countries.
Now, so far as damages are concerned, we have only met a few people situated
like the Koochiching Company and we made Mr. Silverman and yir. and Mrs
Spelman parties defendant for this reason. In most plates where water flows
along a shore and its depth has no noticeable effect the damage is nothing.
Now Mr. Silverman claims damages from us because the situation in his case is
that in some of his lands he has an elevation of 65 feet . He says while this water
is flowing through my land I might put in a pipe and generate some power.
Now we have made these people defendants in the State of Minnesota, all those
that we thought whose interests would be affected at all. No man who owns
property abutting on the still water of the lake is affected and the onh' people on
the boundary waters, so far as our suits have gone, that we thought advisable to
make defendants were the Koochiching people. The Koochiching Company is a
private corporation as I know it, organized under the laws of the State of Iowa
and they have rights from the United States to build bridges which is not involved
here, and to make dams and thej- have contracts with the Canadian authorities.
We made them defendants as practically a Minnesota corporation and so far as
I know there are no other persons that might be fairlj' included among our re-
spondents on either side of the river whose interests would be affected one waj' or
the other.

Mr. Gibbons: Is not there a public interest in having the flow go in its
natural way?

Mr. Simonds: Do you mean a sentimental interest?

Mr. Gibbons: No, a substantial using interest. The municipal right to
develop power. What you call a public interest.

Mr. Simonds: Now here is the Government of Canada which holds control
of its navigable waters I suppose —

Mr. Gibbons: We don't hold control of them where they go across the
boundarJ^

Mr. Simonds: That is a matter that will have to be disposed of. We will
(liminate the boundary question just for the second. Take the Mi.s.sissippi

lyrERXATIOXAL ir l77:/,'Tr IV.s' rnM^fISFIION 1123

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

River. Why is this left with the Government; because that river stretches
from one end of the country to another and it is only handled properly through
the general government and through the officers appointed in that service. Col.
Ernst has been in that service for a number of years. I do not know whether he
with his experience could point out any other interest in which the waters of
those great lakes are used except navigation. Now when it was sought to divert
water for the Chicago Drainage Canal the Cjuestion was how it affected the navi-
gation on the Great Lakes. I suppose that is a matter which has not been undis-
posed of. I have had correspondence with Col. Ernst and with Mr. Randolph
the engineer of the Sanitary Canal and he said that the diversion had no discern-
able effect. Col. Ernst, your own engineers say that they have calculated that
after five or ten years that this Chicago diversion would lower the lakes from
three to six inches.

Col. Ernst: A parallel question would be if we were taking a Chicago drain-
age canal from some course and putting it into the Mississipi.

Mr. SiMONDs: I cannot answer that question any more than this, what other
than navigation interests in waters do you know of in your experience that has
become a public interest, the public interest that is held by the State as sovereign.
Now Mr. Silverman owns his property and it belongs to him as a matter of fact.
It is his property. He can sell it if he sees fit. If we should offer enough to Mr.
Silverman he would convej' his. property, but the State of Minnesota cannot sell
what it stands for. It is a trustee and must forever be such and its rights in the
navigable waters in the State cannot be disposed of, and it must not stand up
through the Supreme Court or any other way and allow its water interests to be
so handled as to interfere with the public use of those waters! So with Canada
with this water. Of course when you bring two governments together j'ou bring
about other questions. Now this line Ijetween the United States and Canada
does not trouble me. If you put yourself in perspective you see that while these
boundary lines have Ix-en established the questions that arise have to be worked
out for the general benefit of mankind.

Mr. Coste: Let us suppose The Minnesota Canal & Power Co. have this
charter; how do you propose to maintain the level for navigation purposes.^

Mr. Gibbons: And who is to control it?

Mr. SiMOKDS: So far as the United States is concerned that control is
necessarily invested in the Secretary of War and in the officers of the Government.

Mr. Coste : As a company what work do you propose to do?

Mr. SiMONDs: We cannot look any further into the scene than anybody
else. This is a new proposition. We are required by Major Derby, we would
be required by the law of the United States to maintain a dam at a certain place
which is designated or within a certain range we would store as much of the flood
water as we can draw out from the Birch Lake drainage area, and we would allow
that water to run out from that broad reservoir as the Secretary of -War maj- direct.

Mr. Gibbons: Those are streams in the United States; what about the Inter-
national streams?

Mr. SiMONDS: That was applied to that particular stream. Now of course
we have got to get into a workable condition. It would be possible for the Cana-
dians to take one attitude on the navigability of that stream and the Americans
another. You are tied together anyway and jou cannot get apart. It is an
international stream; it is a navigable stream. The interests of navigation re-
quire that .something should be done. The people on the Minnesota side applied

1124 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WOHKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

to Congress this last Session to get a board of engineers to make a survey and
report on the project of the improvement of Rainy River and see v/hat it would
cost, but I think the reply was that the Chief of Engineers did not recommend
that that should be done by the United States alone. When Canada comes along
and says we see that you have raised the question, let us see what can be done, it
can then be considered.

Mr. Coste: You claim you can take 600 cubic feet out of this stream and
yet not damage navigation in any shape or form?

IVIr. SiMONDS : I claim that exactly as a matter of fact under the requirements
of ]\Iajor Derb}^ that we shall store flood waters that would otherwise run away.
The attitude I want to leave with you gentlemen is that we do not stand for the
diversion of any particular number of feet, ^^'e hold ourselves subject to naviga-
tion, and we cannot divert one foot a second if it interferes with the navigation
of the waters that are depending upon the water thus diverted. It is the only
thing that you should determine. If we caiinot find a way to provide for that
navigation as well as it is provided for now we shall have to go out of business.

j\Ir. Coste: I can quite understand bj^ construction of certain dams you
could restore the level of the waters to the extent you take. Rainy River would
look to be the only one which would require special control of.

Mr. SiMONDs: Now Major Derby's idea was that we should put in works
there and that he should have control of it.

]Mr. Rockwood agreed to furnish copies of opinion of S. Court.

Mr. Simonds offered to furnish sections of the revised Statutes of

Minnesota, on this question.

Mr. Rockwood, representing the Koochiching Company addressed the com-
mission as follows:

There was, as Mr. Simonds has stated, and as all the members remember,
an application by this company to the Secretary of the Interior which was dis-
posed of or substantially disposed of. This present application was filed last
August and when Mr. Simonds was serving notice of it he let me off through some
oversight I suppose, and I didn't know until last Thursday when I received a letter
from the Chairman of the American Section, Col. Ernst, that any such applica-
tion had been filed. I heard a day or two before that there was an application.
I was in Duluth Friday and called on Mr. Simonds and he then gave me a copy
of the printed application. I left home Sunday evening. Saturday I was very
busily occupied and I have not consequently had time to make preparations and
make as succinct a statement as I should make had I been given more notice.
Possibly at the same time this discussion that has already taken place has elimina-
ted some of the questions which it was necessary for me to cover, so fully covered
them that a general understanding seemed to have been arrived at. At any rate
I will go ahead and make a statement as briefly as I can and perhaps ask permis-
sion to either put it in 'WTiting or to add to it. There are interests that are not
represented here to-day which I know desire to be heard. I think some of them
have made formal requests for a hearing in Duluth. Is not that true?

Mr. Gibbons: The people in Duluth have made a formal request for a
public hearing.

Mr. Rockwood: Mr. Grannis, repiesenting the St. Croix Lumber Company,
is the one who made that statement to me and I think that he wrote me that they
would request additional time and also that they would request a meeting of the
commission in Duluth. Now the application, which I suppose this commission

n'TERNATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1125

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

is considering, is one prepared last August, based on the original application of
the company as to what its legal rights, its legal powers and the legal powers of
the two governments might be, and it asks definitely for the right to take 600
cubic feet of water per second continuouslj'- year in and year out from Birch River
and carry it over into the other water-shed. Whether the commission will
consider that request or the request that is now made, which as I understand it is,
for permission to put in certain works and then to take as much water as may be
from time to time permitted, I don't Icnow. The request to the Secretary of War
and referred to this commission is the request to take 600 cubic feet per second.
Now I want to discuss that petition in both aspects as briefly as I can. This
lake and water-shed which is tributary to this lake embraces 1,100 square miles.
The water-shed of Rainj^ River above Koochiching Falls is 16,000 square miles
and a few odd. The 1 100 square miles is seven per cent — not six as Mr. Simonds
has stated, but seven. That is not a very big difference, but one per cent of that
water-shed is a considerable item, one per cent is a large item. The average rain-
fall of this Birch Lake water-shed is estimated to be about thirty inches. Of
course that is an estimate. It is based on records that have been kept at Duluth
and there is no such thing as exact knowledge on that point. The petition which
was filed first in the district court in St. Louis county bj' this company or the ap-
plication which was made by the company to the Secretary of the Interior — I
have forgotten which — states that the annual precipitation varies from a maxi-
mum of 45 inches to a minimum of 19 inches and fractions in each case. The
run-off is estimated to be forty per cent — the mean annual run-off the 30 inches —
or twelve inches. Now if there are twelve inches run off during a year it amounts
to 980 or 985 cubic feet per second on the average and of that 985 cubic feet
per second this company ask the privilege of taking 600 cubic feet or a little less
than two-thirds. The minimum flow is stated to be 220 cubic feet per second.
Now this water-shed is like all other water-sheds and the most of the water goes
off in flood or during the period of comparatively high -water. The Company
proposes to construct some reservoirs as its application states — its new petition
doesn't state — proposes to impound the waters so as to be able to take away con-
tinuously 600 cubic feet a second. Now it has not furnished yet so far as I have
seen, to the commission, or to anybody else, a statement of what the total capacity
of its reservoirs is going to be.

Mr. Simonds: Ten billions.

Mr. Rockwood: I was a little inaccurate. It has not been stated what pro-
portion of ten billions can be drawn off.

Mr. Simonds: All of it.

Mr. Rockwood: The Birch Lake Reservoir as I understand it is going to
be constructed by raising the natural level of the lake about twenty feet, and
it is within that total Birch Lake reservoir that you get the ten billion feet.

Mr. Simonds: It is the upper thirteen feet.

Mr. Rockwood: Those figures were asked for in court. At any rate this is
true, that the storage capacity of the reservoirs that are to be provided are not near-
ly sufficient to impound and hold and control the entire run-off of the area. Now
that water that is not controlled because of lack of capacity of these reservoirs
is still going off in the high water period. It is going down the streams in the
high water. stage when it is not particularlj' needed. If the company operates
its water power with any degree of success it must have this constant flow of 600
cubic feet and I want to come back to that question of quantity a moment later
in the financial aspect. It must have this constant flow and during the period
of low water and lack of precipitation it will be financially compulsory upon the

1126 DEl'ARTMEXr OF I'lIiLIC WOIIKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

company to turn all of the water it can through its canal or hold in its reservoirs
and send as little as possible down the stream. Now it is stated that the project
means an investment of millions of dollars and it certain!}- does. How much?

Mr. SiMONDs: Four or five millions.

Mr. Rockwood: Call it four and a half. Now the power if the 600 cubic
feet per second of constant flow is maintained will be slightly above 30,000
h.p. continuous power. Now there is an initial investment of $150 per h.p. which
is a very high investment. Now that investment cannot be made; that power
cannot be created and cannot be operated with any degree of success at all
unless the company does get its 600 cubic. feet per second. And when the company
xisks as it now asks — if I construe its application correctly — T>dien it asks for
permission to put in its works and then be permitted to take simply what can
l3e taken without affecting navigation, that means simply without affecting the
water that comes down stream, without affecting the natural course, when it asks
that, it is asking a mere absurdity from a financial standpoint. It is possible that
the company has the money to invest without any more asstu-ance of a supply
of water than that, and it is possiljle it is prepared to put in these works
without any assurance of having five or six hundred cubic feet all the
year round. I don't believe that the monej' will be put in that on
any such basis. If it does come in where do the public authorities
stand? They stand in this position: They have given consent to this
investment of this 4}/^ millions of dollars, it would then be claimed, with
a sort of guarantee or promise that it would be permitted to earn dividends
and a demand, that would be almost irresistible to let the water go through
the company's canal regardless of the interests of navigation would be made.
At any rate if the company operates with any degree of success at all the stream
would be subject to the over-lordship of the Minnesota Canal & Power Company.
Now streams and lakes and water-courses are valuable generally in proportion
to the quantity of water that flows through them. A large stream is more
valuable than a small stream and you cannot take any water away from a stream
and have it as big as it was before. You can lead a horse to the bank and let
him drink and he is taking infinitesimally such a small quantity of water that
you don't know the difference, but there is a difference. But if it is proposed or
suggested that six or seven per cent of that water can be taken away from Rainy
River and leave just as big as stream and just as good a stream in all respects
as it was before, the proposition to my mind — I am not an engineer but a plain
citizen — is rather absurd. I cannot conceive how j^ou are going to take away
■ six or seven per cent and have just as much left as you had to begin with.
On the hearing before Judge McClennan — -the evidence in that case was never
printed, but Mr. Banks the Company's engineer who is here to-day testified
that he had examined the rapids in Rainy River where the water was most
shallow and where the difficulties in navigation occurred, at Potters Point
and Long Point taking the velocity over the widest and narrowest points, he
has taken the width of the stream and so on and he figured that taking away
210 cubic feet from Birch River would lessen the depth of these rapids in one
case a little over two inches and in another case 1-94 inches — approximately
two inches in each case. Now two inches is a very important item in navigation.
It means hitting the bottom or not hitting it. Two inches is important; the
Government sometimes spends millions for a foot and two inches is not an
insignificant item. Another thing is true, at many seasons, during many periods
in the course of years when the rainfall is light on some other portion of the water-
shed it will be heavy on this Birch Lake portion of the water-shed and Birch
Lake will l)e contributed more than 220 cubic feet, more than its minimum at
time of low water when it is very much needed, and it is not fair to take that

/vrPA'v f 770 V I /, 11 1 7 Kinr \ rs t ()Mmiss:iox ii27

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

very lowest, that very extreme low estimate of the run-off of Birch Lake water-
shed and say that it measures the effect on navigation. It might at one moment
measure it but at another it would not. It is not fair to take it as a criterion of
the whole story. It is not the whole story. This application is addressed to the
Secretary of War which is referred to this joint Commission. The question
is whether this Commission as a whole — and I suppose the American Section
of this Commission will advise the Secretary of War re the granting of the permis-
sion. I do not Ijelieve that any disinterested party can ever think in his own
mind that that project can be carried through and enough water diverted from
Birch River to make it a success, to make it practicable financially, wdthout
destroying the river; that is, without taking all the water in low water and simply
letting the surplus run off in times of highwater when it cannot be retainecl.
Of course under these circumstances the company could open its dam and flush
down a few logs when some person w-anted to take down a number of logs, but
there is another lake a little below and if the company flushes into the first lake
it cannot flush into the second one until it has raised the water in that second
one. It must fill the next one and the next one and the next one. Now certain
engineers who are more familiar than I am and understand that better will note
down whether I am right or wrong when I assert that this compan.y cannot operate
under anj' plan that its now laid out, under any system of reservoirs of the capa-
city now contemplated. I assert that it cannot operate and maintain cither
600 cubic feet or any other flow that will make its investment profitable without
practicallj- destroying in navigation of Birch River and of the streams down to
the boundar^^ Of course as you go on down, the character of the streams becomes
larger, the relative effect would be less. While you might take away all the water
of Birch Lake and leave that dry you would be taking away seven per cent of
the water of Rainj' River. As you go on up from the head of Rainy River to
Birch River you range between seven and one hundred per cent of the whole.
By the way after you reach Rainy River the loss of that water is felt all the way
clown till you reach the tide-water. That water falls just as many feet in going
down one side of the ridge as it does on the other and the water-powers are
being improved at the different points. We are improving one on the boundary
at Fort Frances. Another has been improved on the Lake of the Wood>!. One
has been improved on the Winnipeg River. There are projects for the improve-
ment of manjr places. Now that water in going down falls just as many feet
and there arc many points that are going to be developed on the Canadian and
some on the American side that are being developed at the present time and it
will perform its full duty of 600 feet ultimately, though perhaps not as promptly.
Now aside from the public interest, and it seems to me that it is conceded here
that on our side of the boundary the government lacks power to destroy or
substantially to affect these public highwa3's. But aside from the public interests
there are on both sides the private interests and I want to stop just a moment
to call attention to the different ways in which that word "public" is used on
our side of the boundary. I do not know whether precisely the same distinctions
are made on your side of the boundary or not, but on our side of the boundary
we make this distinction that a use is a public use when the whole public or any
portion of the public has occasion, has a right in the thing and the right to the
use of the thing, itself and in that respect navigation is a public interest,
a public use, and really is a public interest because any one of the public
who wants to ride on the railway can ride who buys a ticket and gets on and rides
the common carrier cannot deny him his right. There are many other public
uses that are recognized as such, light and generally those things that affect
the public health and so on. Now there is another sense in which the word
public is used where the public as a whole has an interest — as in the development
of the resources of the company, the growth of the community, the increase in

1128 DEPARTMEyT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

population, the increase and growth of industrj- and so on — where everj' member
of the public feels an interest and gets a benefit, but has no direct legal right
by which he may demand a part of the use of a thing; a store or factory is an
example of that kind; the general growth of the community, the business, the
industries of the community are illustrations of that sense of the use of the
public. Now, when it is asserted a sit has been bj' IMr. Simonds that the public
has no interest in a waterway except with respect to navigation he is using
the word public in the rather restricted sense in which we use it on our side with
respect to the powers of the government respecting the right of eminent domain,
but he is forgetting the other actual interest which the public has in the resources
of it s own country. There is the Rainy River country which is affected in the
same way. There is a community on each side of the boundarj'; those men have
settled there in reliance upon the growlh which would naturally come to that
district because of the resources which existed there, and those resources are
not alone the soil and the timber that is growing from it, but it is the capacity
of Rainy River at this particular spot for the development of water power
and for the establishment of industries. Xow the whole public — the Canadian
and American on both sides of the line, and I represent both — are interested
there and when you say to them that a considerable fraction of the M^ater of
Rainy River may be taken away over the hill and sent down to Duluth, that you
are promoting public interests, they answer you that you are not promoting our
use. Thej^ want all the resources that have been placed here by nature and on
which we have relied when we settled here and we don't want it taken away.

Mr. Simonds: If it should transpire on examination that four-fifths of the
water tributary to the Sault St. Mary came from the American side and one-fifth
from the Canadian side would you say it would be right for the Canadians to
use half of it and the United States half of it?

Mr. Rockwood: So far as that is concerned I understand the law to be —
irrespective of any specific provision of treaty, but it is particularl}' the law by
the terms of the Webster- Ashburton treaty — that the centre of the stream is the
boundary of this countrj' and Canada. I think that is true of the St. Mary's
River. It is not true at all points. Perhaps that general statement is too broad,
but it is true unless there are legal circumstances to modify it and that generally
speaking, it does not make any difference from which side of the boundary the
water comes into the stream. Rainj^ River is the boundary and the water that
is flowing in that stream is naturalized to both countries.

Col. Ernst: You want to get at this particular subject.

Mr. Rockwood : I am speaking of this, that it doo; not make any difference
with reference to this exact situation whether two-thirds of all that water came
from one side after it is there. It does not make any difference where it comes
from.

Mr. Coste: The boundary is in the river except in some special circum-
stances.

Mr. Rockwood: Three-quarters of the Lake of the Woods perhaps is on
the Canadian side of the boundary, but that does not make any difference with
respect to the right of the citizens, the subjects of the two countries, to the use of
it and in Rainy River I do not understand that the riparian owner on one shore
has any greater right because more than one-half the water comes into the stream
above from his side of the boundary. Now I represent both sides so far as owner-
ship of the private property and power at Fort Frances and Koochiching Falls is
concerned. The circumstances are these: When these condemnation proceed-
ings were first started the title to the American side was in the Koochichmg

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION U29

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Company, of wliich I am Secretary and of which Mr. G. W. Backus was and is
President. Mr. Backus appHed to the Government of Ontario and finally made
a contract by the terms of which he and his associates were to organize a corpora-
tion to improve the Ontario side in connection with the improvement of the
Minnesota side so as to develop the power as a whole. The Company has been
organized called the Rainy River Improvement Company and that company is
engaged in connection with the Corporation called the Minnesota & Ontario
Power Co. in constructing a dam across the stream. It has expended a couple of
hundred thousand dollars altogether and has made contracts. It has not been
proposed yet to make any compensation to the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co.
or to Mr. Backus as the o^viier of the riparian right to the land on the Ontario
side for this diversion of water. Of course the damage to that side is just as
great as the damage to the Minnesota side. This company demands that it
must make compensation in order to proceed at all, must make compensation
for the damage to the Minnesota side and it confessed that the condemnation
proceedings in it had failed. I suppose they intend to commence against us
again. I argued before the District Court and before the Supreme Court that
the State of Minnesota had not delegated to the petitioner the right to exercise
the power of eminent domain with reference to that situation and one of the
reasons that I urged was this, that that was an international boundary, that the
courts of the state of Miniiesota had no jurisdiction to proceed against any
property on the Ontario side.

Mr. Gibbons: Having no power to grant compensation.

Mr. Rockwood: That there was no effort and could be nothing provided to
make compensation to that effect on the other side. The reply of the counsel —
it was not Mr. Symonds — for the other side, was that it did not make any differ-
ence; that if the interests on the Ontario side were legally entitled to damages
they must come and sue for damages, but it was argued that we were not entitled
to compensation, that these waters were Iseing diverted in Minnesota at a point
before they had ever reached the boundary and that neither the Province of
Ontario or any property owner in the Province of Ontario had any interest in
them at that point of development. I cited authorities which I thought were
relevant and the Supreme Court cited the same case and it was as stated here on
that ground that that Court held that the power of eminent domain had not been
delegated to this company for doing the thing which it intended to do. There is
no suggestion of any difference among the five judges on that point. Two of the
judges said; 'that is probably true,' but they did not again raise that question.
That question can only be raised by the state itself in some proceeding in which
the state is itself a partner. Judge Elliott answered them by saying that the
proceeding had not been authorized; that to do the things which the company
proposed to do would be a violation of the law and the Court would not lend its
aid toward giving the petitioner any colour of right to do that illegal thing, and
that it would listen to our suggestion of the lack of power and illegality and deny
the petition. Now that is what it was to them. But confessedly I suppose all
those questions are before this tribunal and that is exactly what this Board of
Commissioners is created for : to consider these questions where possible interests
of one may be adverse to the interests of another on the other side of the
boundary and to arrive at a conclusion which will be just and right toward all.
It will not, as counsel said — not Mr. Symonds — leave the public interests on the
Ontario side to guess what their remedy might be or leave them without a remedy.

Mr. SiMONDS : Do you mean if this Commission should recommend a permit
be given that it should also make a recommendation as taking care of the question
of compensation to the parties?

1130 DEPARTUEST Of I'LHI.IV WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Mr. Rockwood: That question whether this Commission should make
recommendations upon that subject had not occurred to me.

Mr. SiMONDs: Your argument seems to point that waj'.

Mr. Rockwood: I think my argument if it points to that conclusion points
away beyond it and comes to this, that neither our Federal Government nor our
State Government has the power. It is utterly lacking in power. Now our
Governments of course have the physical power to do what they ■will on their
own side of the boundary regardless of consequences elsewhere, but when our
Government disregards the rights of Canada or the Province of Ontario or the
private owners or citizens —

Mr. Clinton : The recommendation would have to be carried out bj^ treaty.

Mr. Rockwood: I supposed that that was a subject entireh' beyond the
jurisdiction of this Commission.

Mr. Gibbons: We can only recommend.

Air. Rockwood: But if it did recommend what does it come to? It comes
to the question whether the Province of Ontario or the Dominion of Canada
wall sell these resources. Now this is a question that I imagine neither the
Canadian Section of this Commission nor the Canadian Government would
consider.

Mr. SiMONDs: They might get compensation elsewhere or in some other
place. This is a long boundary.

Mr. Rockwood: I don't know whether there is any proposition pending by
which they would consider it. It seems to me that that whole question is
entirely outside. I have tried gentlemen to be brief, but I think I have made the
statement which covers our view of the case and I think while I have not gone into
the detail on some points I think I have suggested the reasons why this petition
cannot be entertained. I think there is an expressed prohibition m the Act of
Congress. It seems to me that the Secretary of War has expressed the opinion
■ — I have never seen that opinion — but it seems to me he has written a letter
in which he stated that he has the power in the Act of Congress to grant power
for the diversion of these waters. The language of that Act which is Section
10 of the River and Harbour Acts —

Mr. Gibbons: I don't suppose the Secretary of War has said that.

Col. Ernst: I don't think he has ever wTitten any such letter.

Mr. Rockwood: I have not seen any such letter.

Mr. Simonds: I have a certified copy of it at the hotel.

Mr. Gibbons: I have a copy of it too. This is the language of the Act:
'The creation of any obstruction non affirmativelj- authorized b}' Congress to
the navigable capacity of any of the waters of the United States is hereby
prohibited.'

Col. Ernst: It didn't injure the navigable waters of the United States.
It was inappreciable. And for that reason the Secretary of War could in that
letter if he chose to give it, be able to grant the permit.

Mr. Gibbons: I don't see how it is possible to arrive at a conclusion. While
I appreciate the purpose of Major Derby in trying to find a solution that would
enable all parties that were before him to do what they were seeking to do,

/A 77;A'.\.1V7(M.I/. WWI llfiWAYS fOMMIfiSION 1131

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

it seems to me that it is utterly impractical)le. It seems to me when 500 or GOO
culjic feet are talcen away from a running river it is not going to be as big as it
was before. He is only dealing with the question of navigation.

Mr. SiMONDs: It would not be as big, but it might not be as big at all points
and at all times when its capaeity was undisturbed.

Mr. Rockwood: The capacity of water for navigation, is not its present
state, it is not its highest or lowest depth now, but it is the greatest that can be
created by mankind, that is feasible or availal)le — the quantity of water that
naturall.y flows there and the means of storage that exist on the watershed. This
contract that we have made for the improvement of the power with the Ontario
Government reciuires that we shall develop the capacity of that stream so far
as practicable by utilizing the means of storage on the watershed and creating
the watershed.

Col. Ernst: What quantity of water do you propose to use there?

Mr. Rockwood: We propose to use all there is, but we don't know just
how much.

Col. Ernst: You haven't made your plans?

Mr. Rockwood: We have made the plans for an initial development of
20,000 horse power. The quantity of water in the lowest flow that we have dis-
covered is about 3,500 cubic feet.

Col. Ernst: 20.000 horse power?

Mr. Rockwood: That is a minimum.

Col. Ernst: Do you mean that you would use 3,500 cubic feet a second to
develop 20,000 horse power?

Mr. Rockwood: A good deal more. 3,500 feet will not develop 30,000.
It will take 7,000 or 8,000.

Mr. Coste: You are going to increase the flow of Rainy Lake by storage.

Mr. Rockwood: Yes. Rainy Lake itself is controlled by Rainy River.
It can be rai-sed perhaps four feet.

Mr. Coste: Since you can do that, if you can increase the flow in the Rainy
River, if you can distribute the water better, why couldn't they do the same
thing?

Mr. Rockwood: They could do the same thing, but the way it happens it
belongs still, as a matter of fact, to Rainy River.

Mr. Coste: There is such a thing as having too much water at one time and
not enough at another.

Mr. Rockwood: That is true, but the waj' to prevent having too much is to
hold back the flood water by storage.

Mr. Coste: And keep it in the sj'stem to which it belongs.

Mr. Rockwood: That is it exactly.

Mr. Coste: Even then you may have too much.

Mr. Rockwood: There may too much for one day or two a week. But
then there is never too much. There will not be enough unless there is sufficient
storage capacity in the drainage basin so as to impound the flood waters at their
highest in storage and control their discharge. Now it happens that the drainage
l)asin of Rainy River is filled with its storage basins from one side to the other.
It lies up in that rocky region which Mr. Simonds describes. Our plan is to go
ahead and develop and improve these storage basins with the idea of

1132 DEPARTMEyr OF PIBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Mr. Coste: Your idea is that Rainy River cannot support the two develop-
ments.

Mr. Rockwood: That is it exactly. Now we would be glad if Mr. Simonds
could have it too.

Mr. Coste: Isn't it a fact that you are going to waste the water all the same
at Fort Frances.

Mr. Rockwood: We don't know that it will ever be able to reach a point
where no water ^vill be wasted. But if the Birch Lake reservoir is turned over
to the use of the St. Louis river we are deprived of that. That is ours.

Mr. Coste : You might find that this position would be a help to you instead
of being a detriment to you if you found that j'ou have too much water in j'our
reservoir and cannot store it without tremendous expense.

Mr. Rockwood: It would never help us; it means that thej' would be send-
ing the water toward Duluth. It would help us if it was only sent do\\ai towards
us that way.

Mr. Simonds : Perhaps j^ou would like to have us do that for you.

Mr. Rockwood: If you offer it we will treat j-our offer courteously. I\Iy
point is this. If it is used to divert water to the St. Louis River then we will get
that surplus when we don't want it and in periods of low flow it may be in the
interests of the Minnesota Canal & Power Company not to allow us to have a drop
.and if that situation were once created it would never be so effectively controlled
by any Government as not to do harm to u? and to similar interests which we
represent on the boundary.

Mr. Coste: They propose to impound 20 times the amount of water that
they shall require annually.

Mr. Simonds: No, we wash to use if we say 600 cubic feet about 18,000,000
cubic feet in the year. Last j'ear there were about 42,000,000 cubic feet that
ran oif that watershed. And now about the matter of storage. I said to you that
we had measured up about 10,000,000,090 cubic feet of storage. AVe have done
less than that. We have explored about 15,000,000,000 feet of storage that we
have not measured up. We have not got through with the business. It is too
early to put too much labour and money into that view of the matter, but we could
store all we would use in the year so that with a year's reservoir full we could let
the whole flow go.

Mr. Coste: You would have a supply of 20 years there.

Mr. Simonds: No.

Mr. Coste: If vou impound 20,000,000,000 cubic feet of water and use
3,000,000,000 a year!^

Mr. Simonds: No, we use about 18,900,000,000. We could make a year's
storage.

Mr. Simonds: I don't wish to reply to anj'thing which ]\Ir. Rockwood has
said.

Mr. Gibbons: I think it would be well if yom- engineer could give us a clear
and distinct account now of what is proposed to be done.

Mr. Simonds: We shall be very glad to have him doit. We brought him -
here for that purpose.

Mr. LAZ.A.RVS Silverman, representing the Enterprise Iron and Land Com-
pany, addressed the Commission as follows:

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1133

SESSIONAL PAPtR No. 19a

I certainly am proud to be here before a Commission representing the great-
est nations on the face of the earth although the subject before them is not of
such great importance. Mr. Simonds and his Power Company went to the State
Courts and asked permission on the eminent domain law to do certain things.
The Court said that the eminent domain law is created for the purpose, for
example, if a railroad is to be built and someone owns a piece of land and refuses
to sell it or refuses to take a fair price for it, that the law shall step in and fix
the price for that land. If a canal is to be built and some man owns a piece of
land and refuses to sell it the eminent domain law is made for the purpose of
compelling that man to sell that piece of land. The Supreme Court of the
State of Minnesota decided that he is Hot entitled as set forth in his petition to
divert water or condemn land because the eminent domain law was intended for
an entirely different purpose than the diversion of waters. Then he comes before
this Honourable Commission and says, 'Help us out and give us something the
State won't give us; we want the water rights.' Who do they belong to, Mr.
Simonds, to you? No, they belong to the people that live in the commimity.
Duluth is fortunate in having something like 40,000 horse power to use. More
than ten years ago I as President of our Corporation, which owns those lands,
had surveys made for the purpose of utilizing this fall for electrical purposes. I
went even so far as to get the officers of the General Electric Company to go on
the ground and make surveys and look over it, the practicability of it. I had
the well known engineer, Mr. Johnston, of Chicago, who has built electrical
works throughout the United States in various places, go over the ground and
find out where the water should be stored and find how much water would be
there in dry seasons, to find out how much water would be there in
dry seasons, to find out how much water could be maintained there
for the purpose of even flow of water all the year round. But I found
to my great sorrow a lawsuit — this corporation having for the last 10 years
against that land and my next door neighbour who has a small power plant,
a petition in Duluth. I want to get this thing disposed of. It is of damage to
me. I want to use my land. They simply say we will take your land out. We
don't want to be dismissed; we want to fight it out. We want to get this ques-
tion disposed of — it is simply a blackmail. We cannot use our property for the
purpose which we desire. The City of Tower has about 7,000 inhabitants, Ely
has 3,500 and Winton has 2,500 inhabitants. Each one of these towns is entitled
to the benefits of that water fall which nature gives them. They have now to
bring their coal 700 miles to create electrical power. They have iron mills there.
We are shut off from using that power for the benefit of those people just as well
as if it never existed. Look at the injustice. Some men that has no rights in it
file a blackmail suit there and which we have tried to get rid of for the last ten
years but without success, and he comes here today and asks the United States
to help him out. What was done? A Commission was appointed by the United
States to find out whether those waters are navigable waters of the United States
or not. The Commission reported, they are navigable waters of the United
States. According to the law of the land navigable waters of the United States
cannot be diverted. That is the law. But it seems Congress has left a loophole
open in case of necessity, where the whole nation is suffering, where great damage
is being done if certain waters are not diverted, but I say that requires an Act of
Congress; it requires the recommendation of the highest official in the United
States next to the President; it requires the Secretary of the Interior's consent.
Is this left open for the purpose of giving some person something which does not
belong to him? It is left open for some occasion when it would be in the interests
of the people of the United States to have the waters diverted. When I come to
the people of Ely and Tower they are all anxious to have the water. They are
not willing to sell this land and the advantage which they have to be given to
25049—78

1134 DEPARTJlEyT OF PT RLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Duluth. I also know people whom I represent that o\w\ land that has iron in it
and they want to utilize every horse power there; and now comes an enterprise
which says because this is a good thing I am going to take it away from you.
They have got no right to take from those 14,000 people their rights. The trial
Court in the State of Minnesota decided, You have no right to condemn those
lands. You do not build canals for the people. You build a Canal but you have
no right to cut it through the hills and take the water to Duluth. Duluth gets
40,000 horse power. They don't want that. But at Ely, Tower and Winton
where we own it we are entitled to it. They can buy their power for light, for
pumping, for running their industries, for taking iron out of the mines at one
quarter of whatever they are paying now through ha^^ng to haul their coal a
distance of 700 or 800 miles. Now here is a Commission appointed by two of
the greatest nations of the earth to do what? To deride whether that man who
has no more rights than an ordinary citizen to take something which does not
belong to him can come to the United States and say because the State won't give
it to me I want you to help me out. I feel proud to be before you. I am not
talking to you on matters of law and boundary lines, but there is one thing which
I can say to you. If on the recommendation of the Engineers of the United
States that this thing could possibly be done if they take water away from Canada
they must come and restore that much water. I hope that this High (^omm_ission
of men that want to do right, that don't want to throw obstacles in the way,
that don't want to say to the United States go and divert the waters against th(
laws of Nations and against the laws of your neighbours — what man is there that
can see what damage such an intrusion will have in the future where hundreds of
streams between Canada and the United States and the United States and Mexico
flow one way, and if the United States sets the example of breaking those laws
because they are powerful they must be willing that the other nations should do
the same. If the United States could it does not break laws, a nation that has
given hundreds of miUions of dollars and thousands of men for the purpose of
driving out an enemy which is unpleasant to this country and say to that ncig-
bour, the little republic, we not only have driven your enemy away but hundreds
of millions of dollars have been spent and thousands of lives have been spent —
we give it to you — that Government does not make contracts to please any man or
a thousand men. That Government stands reacty to render its best services to
the land, as does its neighbour Great Britain — they are closely connected. Should
any man be base enough to say I ask you to break your contract mth your neigh-
bours they would not notice it.

Mr. CosTE : What prevents j-ou from developing jour power?

Mr. Silverman: Because the eminent domain bill stood against it. If the
water is taken away we have no power.

Mr. Coste: The Company is not chartered is it?

Mr. Silverman : Yes, but they come in under the law of eminent domain to
take our water away.

Mr. SiMONDs: We have the papers of the Mimiesota Canal & Power Com-
pany relating to that portion of the ct)untry that Mr. Silverman is interested in
and which were filed in 1904.

Mr. Silverman: W^hen were your papers filed first, 10 years ago?

Mr. SiMONDs: No, Februarj', 1904.

Mr. Silverman: 1904 was simply a reinstatement of the old.

Mr. Gibbons: I suppose that is all.

Mr. SiMONDs: It is not pertaining to the case.

IJiTERNATIOMAL WATERVrWS COMMISSION 1135

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Substance of Testimony Given by Mr. E. B. Banks, Engineer of the
Minnesota Canal & Power Company.

The original petition of this Company sets forth that the mean precipitation
on the Birch Lake Basin was 30" per annum, and that the run-off would he not
less than 40% of same or a yearly run-off of 30,666,000,000 cubic feet. Tliis
statement of precipitation was based on over 32 j'ears reports of the United
States Weather Bureau at Duluth and 8 j'ears Tower, Minnesota Tower being
the nearest point to the Birch Jjake basin at which such records were available.
We find, however, that the run-off has been under estimated. Since May 1st,
1905, the Company has kept a daily record of the flow from this basin and the
precipitation on same. This record shows that from May 1st 1905 to May
1st 1906, the precipitation on said basin was 32-25 or 107% of the assumed
normal precipitation. This is equal to 82,415,520,000 cubic feet. The run-off
during this period actually measured by a price-current meter, was 42,334,000,000
cubic feet, which is equal to 51 • 4% of the precipitation. If we assume that during
said period the Minnesota Canal & Power Company had drawn 600 cubic feet
per second from the Birch Lake basin the total amount diverted would have
been 18,900,000,000 cubic feet, or 44-6% of the flow. From a careful study
of this and similar water-sheds I am able to construct a run-off curve for this
basin, which will show approximate!}' the flow that may be expected during the
years of varying precipitation. This curve is adapted from Newells' run-off
curves so called, which gives us the best information obtainable on this subject.
From this curve I deduce that during a j'car of normal precipitation, (that is
30") we may expect a run-off of 34,527,000,000 cubic feet. Now if we should
divert 500 cubic feet per second or 18,0000,000 cubic feet per year, we would
in effect reduce the area tributary to the boundar.y waters 600 square mile,
and the percentage of diversion from the several lakes along said boundary
together with the drainage area tributary to same will be shown on the following
table : —

Lake. Drainage Area above (lutlet.

Birch 1,100 Sq. miles.

Basswood 1,738 "

Crooked 1,966

Lac La Croix 4,557 "

Namakan 6,991 "

Rainy 17,000

Lake of the Woods 28,228 "

In the showing of the Minnesota Canal & Power Co., before Majors Derby
& Potter on pages 7, 8, 9 and 10 will be found a careful discussion of the effect
of diverting 220 and 600 cubic feet respectively from the Rainy River at Pithers
Point and at the Manitou and Long Sault Rapids. On pages 11, 12, 13 and 14
will be found a discussion of the effect of said cHversion on the Lake of the Woods.

II wish also to call your attention to pages 27, 28, 29 and 30 and 31 of said showing
in which the question of compensating reservoirs are considered. The reservoir
capacity within the limits of the Birch Lake basin and along the water way
comiecting same with the proposed power house, which can be made available
for use will store more than 18,000,000,000 cu. ft. which will supply the power-
plant for one year without the diversion of one drop of water from the Birch
Lake basin.
[ This is stated on page 48 of this showing before the United States engineers.
19a— 78i

['er c-ent diverted

54,

,5

34,

,5

30,

,5

13,

,1

8,

,6

3,

,5

2,

.1

U36 DEPARTMEyr OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Rockwood made the statement that the past four or five years had
been years of more than average precipitation. This statement is not substan-
tiated by the records of the United States weather bureau as given on page 43
of said showing. Mr. Rockwood stated that the proposed plant of the Minnesota
Canal and Power Company would cost $150-00 per horse-power. This is not
correct. As a matter of fact the hydraulic installation contemplated is not less
than 60 thousand horse power. Hydro-electric plants are rated on the basis
of their hydraulic installation. The load on such plants is variable and the
hydraulic installation must be sufficient to take care of the peak or maximum
load. If we assume an average flow of 600 cu. ft. per second under 600 ft.
net head we will have a continuous output of about thirty-three thousand
horse-power. Assuming a loadfactor of fifty per cent which is a fair and reason-
able assumption the required hydraulic installation would be sixty-six thousand
horse-power which would be the rated capacity of the plant and the basis for
calculating the initial cost per horse-power. Our estimate of the cost of the
plant including the generation and transmission of the current is Four Million
Five Hundred Thousand Dollars (S4,.500,000) or about $68 per horse-power.
If we deduct the cost of electrical generation and transmission, the cost of
hydraulic power at the power-house will be reduced to $50 per horse power
which is much below the average cost for hydro-electric plant in the United
States and Canada.

Mr. Banks: Mr. Rockwood has stated that the flood water that passes over
from Birch Lake will come down there during the flood stage at Koochiching, but
it won't do any such thing. It is 155 miles from Birch Lake to Koochiching and
the flood flow at Koochiching will be gone by many days.

Mr. SiMONDs: When do you expect you will have to take up your waters?

Mr. Banks: We will get a large amoimt off during April, May and June.

Mr. Gibbons: You made those suggestions which were embodied in their
report?

Mr. Banks: No I don't think so.

Col. Ernst: After that you made the surveys?

Mr. Banks: I made surveys of all those dams.

Mr. CosTE : When does the water reach its lowest stage in Rainy River?

Mr. Banks: In March and April.

Col. Ernst : Can you tell what pamphlet that is in?

Mr. Banks: It is in that application to the War Department, in the back
part of it.

Mr. Gibbons: What do you say Mr. Simonds as to what you propose as to
compensation?

Mr. Simonds: I have not gone into that question but we expect if a man is
entitled to legal compensation to pay him. But we have no expectation of pay-
ing the Canadian Government or a body of its people for their expectations of
its growth and development. We do not suppose that was a matter which could
be put into dollars and cents.

Mr. Gibbons: You recognize the right of the Ontario side at Fort Frances,
to that Power Company.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1137

SESSIONAL PAPER No 19a

Mr. SiMONDS: We do. When we finally get into a settlement with Mr. Rock
wood what other damages he can prove that his company is entitled to, that is
without reference to the State's, we will pay.

Mr. Gibbons: I am afraid the rest of the public would have a hard time.

Mr. SiMONDS: If we have no money after settling with Mr. Rockwood. I
don't know what his latest claim is. His last was $50,000.

Mr. Rockwood : It would be a great deal more than that. That was before
any money had been spent.

Mr. Gibbons: I don't think it is a question of the settlement of private
interests in this matter at all.

Col. Ernst : Is there any ground for this doubt which has been raised on the
quantity of water they propose to take, 600 cubic feet, if you changed your plans
in that respect?

Mr. Coste: It may take more.

Mr. SiMONDS : I want to make it clearly understood about that.

Mr. Banks: I would like to say right here that we propose to have storage
enough so that we can do business and provide for all other fixed incidentals and
presuming that the mean precipitation is thirty inches we will get a run-off from
that of something like 35 billion cubic feet; that our storage will be sufficient to
tide us over any small year, any year of small precipitation.

Col. Ernst: What will be the consumption?

Mr. Banks: We have always figured on 18 billion.

Mr. Coste: You will have a capacity of 1,100 feet canal and works.

Mr. Banks: Our pipe line will be constructed to carry 1,100 feet per second,
but only from the forebay down. We have a large reservoir on our canal which
holds nearly one billion cubic feet which would take care of any over load.

Mr. SiMONDS : We want permission to take all the water that we can get
that will not interfere with the interests of navigation.

Mr. Gibbons: You do not include in public use riparian right.

Mr. SiMONDS : That you will take care of personally. But so far as the
public is concerned we concede that the public is entitled to the use of this water
for navigation or any other public purpose and we propose to use that in such a
manner as not to interfere with the public use nor to lessen the capacity for
navigation, and what we take will be subordinate to that prior claim of the
public; is that understood?

Mr. Gibbons: That does not get out of the difficulty. For instance the
(Dntario Government has a right to this water here; that is a public use.

Mr. SiMONDS : What I mean by a public use — I made no preparation for
coming here ; as a matter of fact I got a telegram and came on — what I mean by
public use I mean such use as the courts of the United States or of Minnesota
recognise as a public use of waters and principally navigation. There may be
other possible public uses to the stream and the State should protect and whatever
they are we must subordinate ourselves to them. I speak of navigation as that
is an overwhelming interest. If we injure Mr. Silverman we have got to pay him.

1138 DEPARTilETiT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Mr. Gibbons: Have you got the right to injure him?

Mr. Banks: We have got the right to injure him I suppose if it would injure
his property by our works and operation he would have a cause of action.

Mr. Gibbons: That is not so.

Mr. SiMONDs: Irrespective of the condemnation proceedings I do not quite
see how you can injure another man's property without creating a cause of action.

Mr. Gibbons: You can by the State authorities. If you get authority from
the State on their own lands I don't see how the people in the Province of Ontario
would have any right to get damages.

Mr. SiMONDs: I don't know. But it seems to me that what we get from the
State is a consent that is guarded with reference to the interests of navigation.

Mr. Clinton: That does not cover the proposition at all. It is not a ques-
tion before this Commission as to whether the citizens of Ontario should be paid
for their private injurj- or not. It is a question as to the policy to be pursued.

Mr. Gibbons: I quite understand. All these things. are part of the policy.
I want to see how the effect is going to be. We are trying to get some principle
that will act with regard to all these waterways. In the event that we could
divert water in navigable streams the effect of that farther west would be to
destroy private rights in Oregon or elsewhere; that is a material consideration.
We cannot shut our eyes to each other.

Mr. Clinton: The policy of the law under eminent domain proceedings
has always been adverse to the condemnation of private properties or rights
leaving the party injured to his legal right of action.

Mr. Simonds: It is within my general knowledge that the people of the
United States have in one way or another so diverted the waters of the Rio Grande
River that a claim has arisen on the part of Mexico against the United States
for damages. That was referred to a commission and that matter has been
threshed out and I believe a treaty has been prepared between the two countries
by which a settlement of that question has been made.

Mr. Clinton : I don't think it is consummated.

Mr. Simonds: I don't know whether it is consummated or not. I do not
like to have you gentlemen dignifj' the diversion of a few hundred feet of
water from a water-shed of the magnitude of this.

Mk. Gibbons: The probability of it is the same principle I suppose as will
have to be applied everywhere. I don't see how we can adopt your suggestion
at all to give away rights here and then try and get your people to give other
rights to its equivalent. You have got to adopt some principle and then apply
it all the way along the line.

Col. Ernst: Your idea is that the United States should pay Canada for the
damage; is that your idea?

Mr. Simonds: I suppose that is the idea. That is the way it was done in
Mexico. Is that the way Mr. Clinton?

Mr. Clinton: I don't know.

Mr. Rockwood: I think Mr. Chairman that it will be very apparent to
engineers that these estimates that are given are necessarilj' only estimates,

ixTi:i{XATi(>\Ai. ir.i7'L'A'ir.ii>,' co.uiiiiiSiO]f ^ 1139

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

they are given as estimates, and that it certainly would not be at all fair to take
a year of as heavy a rainfall as we have had during the past year in the North
West. This is the fifth year now that we have had a rain fall considerably above
the normal. It would not be fair to take any investigation or series of statistics
extending over any portion of that period and say that is a safe basis for a series
of years in the future or particularly for the dry j^ears that are sure to come.
Now I think also that it would be apparent to engineers that it would not be safe
in a matter of this importance to act on anj' ex-parti investigation. I do not
wish to cast any reflections on Mr. Bank's ability or good faith, but this is a
question of a good deal of importance to those who are interested in it and I
do not believe that this commission ever ought to recommend an action that is
based on figures drawn from a very narrow basis of statistics that are presented
here. I do not know of an instance where nations have entered into negotiations
in advance looking to a compulsory submission on the part of citizens of one to
the payment of damages to injuries to be done in the future by the citizens
or subjects of another. If the injury- has occurred and is inevitable in a sense
then thej^ go into the question of compensation and doing justice as ne.irly as
may be done. But here are hundreds of miles of water from the pdint where
these waters strike the boundary where there is going to be more or less
damage at many points, damage to private property interests saying nothing
about damage to both classes of public interests that have been referred to.
Now it is simply entering upon a ground that is entirely speculative as to what
the amount of these damages will be; who is coming forward to make the claims
and what thej' will Ije able to establish, and here is a corporation not offering
anj' security and which a few months ago had no asset whatever. They may
have some now.

Mr. SiMONDS: They have funds to meet obligations.

Mr. Hockwood: You have no obligations. In proceedings of eminent
domain against a property owner you are compelled to put up the money before
you step in and appropriate anything. Here as I 'understand you propose to
appropriate and leave us the chance of coming and suing you and proving our
damages and then to the chance of collection. Now the interests on the Canadian
side which I represent object very seriously to be put in any situation. The
courts have no power if they would to assess these damages in advance and we
do not want to be situated where we must sue and take our chances with the
Uncertainties of the law, the uncertainties of findings and the uncertainties
of collection if we ever did get a verdict. As Mr. Silverman has spoken we think
we have been held up long enough with these proceedings pending. They are a
detriment. " Our situation is one in which no property owner likes to be, where
a big company may take his property away from him against his will and to
submit to such compensation as he may be able to get. I don't think it is fair.
We have gone so far and the Supreme Court has said that you have no power—
the five judges agree that they have no lawful right to take it. The law in that
particular has not been changed at all. We have not complained at all to your
proceeding to the end of that rope, but having reached the end of that rope
we do not think it is fair to continue the proceedings indefinitely.

Col. Ernst: We will be in executive session to-morrow.

Mr. SiMONDS ; All I was going to say to-night was that Mr. Rockwood is
such a poor engineer when he goes to talk about engineering propositions that
you have to keep watch of him all the time. What Mr. Banks read from was a
diagram prepared by him from what is known as Newell's run-off curves with
which I suppose all engineers here are familiar. That is not a matter of one
year or ten years' experience.

1140 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. RocKWOOD ; I didn't question that rule at all. What I questioned
was the statistics with reference to the water-fall in this particular water-shed.
I was going to ask whether the documents that have been submitted there are
interests in Duluth which I know desire to be heard from and they have no prac-
tical opportunity to be heard at all and I want to ask to be permitted to take
a list of the documents that are in the record and to submit in writing a reply
to them if I think there ought to be within some limited time.

Col. Ernst : With regard to these gentlemen in Duluth, I think it is a
matter of their own convenience. I do not take any stock in that plea of having
no time. They were notified on the 2Sth May. If they are not here that is
their own fault. Still we may find that we wish to hear from them ; in that
case they can communicate to us in writing, but that must be a matter of decision
in to-morrow's meeting. My idea Mr. Chairman is that the public hearing closes
to-day unless you wish to open another one.

Mr. Gibbons : Subject to what I suggested to you about the desirability
of having Canadian interest represented who had not notice. Of course they
were not aware of this at all.

Col. Ernst : So far as those people who had been notified the hearing
is closed.

LIST OF DOCUMENTS, PLANS, BLUE-PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS FILED IN THE HANDS
OF THE SECRETARIES OF THE TWO SECTIONS AT THE PUBLIC HEARING
HELD BY THE INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION ON
TUESDAY AFTERNOON THE 5tH OF JUNE, 1906.

1. The petition of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company filed in the
District Court of the 11th Judicial District of the County of St. Louis, in the
State of Minnesota, dated May 10, 1906.

2. Copy of the opinion of the Supreme Court of the State of Minnesota in
the case of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company against the Koochiching
Company.

3. A printed pamphlet containing (a) the application of the Minnesota
Canal and Power Company of Duluth, Minn., for the recommendation of the
Chief of Engineers and the authority of the Secretary of War to divert a portion
of the waters of the Birch Lake Drainage Basin into the St. Louis River, and
thereafter the same amount of water from said St. Louis River into applicant's
St. Louis River canal, and for the approval of location and plans of the dams
and structures necessary to effect such diversion, dated March 25, 1905 ; (6)
exhibit "E" of the Department of the Interior, General Land Office, being the
reply by applicant to protests and proofs in support of reply ; (c) exhibit "F"
of the Department of the Interior, General Land Ofiice, showing of Applicant
before Majors George McC. Derby and Chs. L. Potter of the Corps of Engineers,
United States Army.

4. Petition of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company in the District
Court of the 11th Judicial District of the County of St. Louis in the State of
Minnesota, dated Feb. 25, 1904.

5. A general map marked No. 6-A, showing the proposed works of the
Minnesota Canal and Power Company.

6. Photographs showing the Keewatin dam at Rat Portage, Ont. and also
the stop blocks readj' for use.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1141

SESSIONAL PAPER No 19a

7. The run-off diagram of the Birch Lake Basin adapted from Newell's
run-off curves.

8. A map marked No. 8 showing part of the Birch Lake Drainage Basin
and the Waterways connecting the Kawishiwi River with Fall Lake.

9. A map marked No. 9 being a profile showing the Waterways connecting
Kawishiwi River with Fall Lake, in Lake County, Minn.

10. A map marked No. 11, being a profile showing the Waterways connecting
Birch Lake, in Lake County, Minn., with the Lake of the Woods.

11. A blue-print showing the stages of water at the Keewatin dam.

12. A blue-print showing the dam across the main outlet of Lake of the
Woods near Rat Portage, Ont., known as the Keewatin dam.

13. A map of the north end of Lake of the Woods showing the several outlets
to said Lake and the waterpowers located thereon.

14. A map marked No. 17, being a plan of the proposed dam across the
Isabelle River.

15. A map marked No. 12 showing the profile of a proposed dam across
the outlet of Birch Lake.

16. A map marked No. 14 showing plan of the proposed controlling dam
across the westerly end of the St. Louis River canal.

17. A map marked No. 16 showing the profile of the proposed dam across
the north Kawishiwi River in Lake County, Minnesota.

Public Hearing on the application of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company on
June 26, 1906, in Buffalo, N.Y., presided over by Brig. Gen. O. H. Ernst, Cliair-
man of the American Section, and to which the full Commission was present.

Chairman Ernst: Col. Anderson, Chief Engineer of the Department of
Marine and Fisheries of Canada, is here, and I understand. Col. Anderson, you
desire to address the Commission on two subjects, the Chicago Drainage Canal,
and also the Miimesota Canal and Power Company,

Col. Anderson: I was not aware that I wanted to address the Commission
on either of those subjects. I simply am here to furnish any information which
our Department has on that subject.

Chairman Ernst: You are not prepared to volimteer any information.

Col. Anderson: I haven't very much to say on either of those subjects.
I prepared no brief on them.

Chairman Ernst : Then you do not care to address us?

Col. Anderson: You are taking up that Rainy River question?

Chairman Ernst: Yes.

Col. Anderson: I should like to point out regarding that, that it is a matter
that seriously affects the Canadian navigation on the Lake of the Woods and
Rainy River; I do not think it affects American vessels to any extent. All the
Canadian traffic runs to Rat Portage and through the Lake of the Woods and
there is a very large traffic developed there and it is the only means of ingress to
Rainy Lake that we have got, is up the Rainy River. Now, there is no difl[iculty
in the Lake of the Woods, there is always sufficient depth there, and in the lower
part of Rainy River there is sufficient depth; but as you get up to the rapids it
becomes very shallow, and towards the close of the season it is necessary to take
off the boats that have a larger draft, and take the shallow boats ; and it is quite
obvious if any water is diverted from that river, from the upper part of that

1142 DEPAKTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

river, it will altogether prevent navigation in the summer season ; and the matter
has been considered so important by our department that we have made recom-
mendations to your Department of State in the matter, and I tliink probably
it is through those representations that the matter has come before your Commis-
sion. We have done a great deal in the way of putting in beacons and removing
rocks and improving the channel, but all that work will be absolutely void if
there is any diminution in the stream. It is as much as shallow draft boats can
do now to get up the Rainy River, and there is a large settlement and it is the
only means of access to the whole of that countrj-, and if an}' diminution of water
occurs it will absolutely stop navigation; therefore my department would urge
your Commission to prevent the diversion of the water.

Chairman Ernst: Mr. J. G. Sing of the Department of Public Works of
Canada is he*. Mr. Sing do you desire to be heard on the same subject?

Mr. J. G. Sing: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I did not know exactly what
was required of me when I received the notice to be here. Last year I was called
upon to report on the power development. I went and made an exhaustive
investigation into the power development and reported to the department. I
have a copy of that report here. Of course then there was no question came up as
to any diversion of the water or any diminution of any kind.

I heartily concur in what Col. Anderson has said as to the result if the water
was diverted in any way from the Rainy River. The flow of the river at the Falls
varies from thirty thousand to forty-six thousand cubic feet per second, and if
you divert the water across the height of land in any other direction, — the height
of land occurs about forty miles from Lake Superior, and the Rainy River practi-
cally drains that country through various small lakes and connections. The
power company proposes, so I was informed, to build a number of subsidiary
dams on the various streams tributary to Rainy Lake and the Rainy River, and
of course if that were done and there was any diversion made up further, it would
practically put them out of business.

There are a number of vessels, as the Colonel has remarked, plying out of
Fort Frances, out of Kenora, to Fort Frances. Here is a list of those: The
Kingfisher, 76 tons; Mather, 144 tons, length 87 feet: Ethel Banning, 37 tons;
Brandon, 176 tons; Kenora, 486 tons; Keewatin, 81 tons; the Empress, 129 tons.
Now, the Kenora is a large boat and an expensive boat and is built for the purpose
of trading between those two points and carrying freight and passengers, and it
"would result very disastrously.

Commissioner Coste: How far does the Kenora go?

Mr. Sing : It cannot go, in low water I do not think she has gone up above
the Long Sault.

The Big Turtle River has an average width of about 1.32 feet, and an average
depth of three feet.

On Seine River is Alice A. Falls, with a head of 24 feet six inches, which will
develop actual horse power of about 6,200. Height above sea level, 817 feet.
They propose to distribute the power there for about 22 miles. Thej' propose
spending about five hundred thousand dollars. The river has a discharge at
low water of about two thousand cubic feet per second. The Minadoa River
flows into Rainy Lake. This would be one of the streams that would be affected.

North-west Bay River also draining into Rainy Lake has a flow of about
one-fourth of the Seine. Kettle Falls, which is the outlet of Namakan Lake, is
somewhat larger than the Seine. These waters lie partially in Minnesota and
partially in Ontario.

I could leave my report, if it would be of any use to the Commission. I do
not know as it deals with this question particularly; it is more in connection with

lyTERNATlONAL WATERWAYS C0MUI8SI0.\ 1143

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

the progress of the work and the conditions I found the work in and what I
considered necessary there in order to protect the town of Fort Frances from
flooding; but it would certainly be very detrimental and very serious indeed if
there was any diversion of waters above the Falls from their natural flow. I
could not give you the difference between the extreme high water and low water,
but it h very considerable there in the river at Fort Frances. I have Fanning's
report for the Minnesota Power Company; it deals with the thing there very
explicitly. If it is the desire of the Commission, I would prepare a statement and
furnish it to you later on. I haven't had time to go into it. , I am very busy in
connection with my other duties of the department. I will undertake to do that
]f you desire it.

4

Chairman Ernst: We were in hopes you would be able to make a full
statement today, Mr. Sing, but of course the Commission does not desire to
shut you off in any w^ay. How long would it take you to prepare such a state-
ment?

Mr. Sing: There is a lot of information that I could secure from the Ontario
government ; thej' have made an examination and cross-sections of nearly ever}'
stream navigable in the neighborhood. Of course that I haven't done; it would
be a matter of compilation, going over records; their department since this water
power question has become so prominent have sent out engineers to make those,
and that information would have to be acquired.

Chairman Eknst: How would that bear upon this question exactly?

iNIr. Sing: It would give you the size of all these streams and enable you to
see at once how it would affect it.

Chiiirman Ernst: You mean the Rainy River?

Mr. Sing: Yes, exactly; where it is proposed to build these subsidiary dams
of these various streams mentioned.

Chairman Ernst : Any facts that would sulistantiate that opinion.

Commissioner Clinton : How long would it take you to get the information
and make the compilation?

Mr. Sing : It should not take a great while ; perhaps two weeks.

Commissioner Gibbons : Then suppose we leave it that anything Mr.
Sing can give us within two weeks will be very gratefully received.

Chairman Ernst : Yes, I have no objection to that.

Mr. Flagler : It seems to me, Mr. Chairman, that the protestants in
this matter of the diversion of water have come in here at the eleventh hour
after having hung up this thing for fourteen months upon the request of the
British Ambassador, and this Commission is asked to wait two weeks, and at
the end of that some other gentlemen will come in. I think in fairness to
us that there should be a limit put to the length of the time, — not that we wish
to shut out an.y evidence, but the mere opinion of a gentleman who comes here
and tells us that it is going to seriously interfere with the navigation of that
.stream, with nothing to back it, after fourteen or fifteen months' time to prepare
themselves, is asking for a good deal, to wait two weeks.

Chairman Ernst : The question has already been decided by the Com-
mission, they decide to give the gentlemen two weeks to hand in a Avritten state-
ment of the facts.

1144 DEPARTMEUT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. 0. H. SiMONDS : I received notice that the gentlemen might be here, and
I came. There is some misapprehension I think prevailing in relation to it and
I think we can elucidate some of the matters, to bring the matter down to the
thing to be considered. These gentlemen agree that the only portion of the
international waterway that could be deemed to be affected by any diversion,
any reasonable diversion, is a distance of about forty-five miles between the
Long Sault Rapids in Rainy Lake, and Fort Frances ; and, as a matter of fact,
that might be cut down to the Long Sault Rapids itself, which constitutes a
dam for the holding back of water above it ; below that the water is backed up
by the stop logs, as stated, in the Lake of the Woods. Now, the gentleman who
last addressed the commission, whose name I did not hear, refers to a class of
diversions which are not involved that I am aware of in these proceedings, and I
would like to state for his information in whatever he may have to do hereafter,
that I understand that all the rivers that he has mentioned there are solely in
Canadian territory ; they reach Rainy Lake and Rainy River from the Canadian
side, all except Lake Namakan. The only diversion proposed by the Minnesota
Power Company is the diversion of what is known as the Birch Lake Drainage
Basin, or the portion of it located in the State of Minnesota, and the only dams
that are proposed, aside from those diversion dams, are dams suggested by the
officers of the War Department for the purpose of storing up flood waters, to be
let down under the direction of the War Department of the United States, for the
purpose of remedying the flood difficulties which both of these gentlemen have
referred to ; so that I would be glad to get information as to the flowage of
these other streams. Whether it is material, is not for me to say.

The first gentleman who addressed you spoke about Rainy River being
the only means of transportation to Rainy Lake. I suppose he meant the only
lake or river transportation ; he did not mean to exclude the railway trans-
portation which is parallel to Rainy River for its entire length from the Lake
of the Woods to Fort Frances. What he says would have been correct prior
to the opening of the Canadian Northern Railroad, which opened in 1902 and
has been in operation since. I think the records of the Canadian offices will show
that the tonnage and business upon that lake has declined since that time on
account of the service which the railroad renders. You understand that business
must be mainly local because none of these waters reach any important com-
mercial centre. Now, while that is nothing to us, and while we recognize whatever
obligations we owe to navigation, yet I would not like to have the Commission
go away with the impression that any effect upon navigation should be to shut
those people out from the world, because that would not be the case at the
present time.

Then, the amount of diversion that is proposed : while it is not definite
and is subject to navigation interests, get the amount that has been calculated
upon that might be taken without detriment to public interest is six hundred
feet a second.

When I addressed the Commission before, the then Chairman of the Com-
mission asked me some questions that I couldn't answer. I have since answered
them in a brief which I have filed with the Commission, and the attitude taken
in that brief is the attitude that I wish to be understood as taking now, and
that is, that we do not recognize the right of any country upon any streams
which originate in the United States, until they reach the boundary waters ;
in other words, it would be possible, I think, to divert every drop of the Birch
Lake Drainage Basin without incurring any responsibility to Canada or without
incurring any responsibility or infringing in any respect the legal rights of any
riparian owTier upon the Canadian, stream. I think that if the Dominion of
Canada or anyone under its authority should divert water from these boundary
waters, anyone on the American side affected by it would have no remedy ; in

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS C0MUI8SI0N 1145

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

other words, he has no interest or right in the stream itself so long as it is within
Canadian territory, and it is only when it reaches boundary waters that inter-
national questions can arise ; this would be true for every purpose, for its effect
upon navigation and for its effect upon any private or other use.

Mr. Rockwood when he was here asked the question as to how we were going
to compensate the Canadian end of his water power, and that was not answered
any better than the other was, but this position answers that question; that is
the answer which we make to that question. In the absence of treaty relations
we had no interest in the streams of Canada and Canada has no interest in our
streams so long as they are in our respective territory. This is the attitude taken
by the Province of Ontario, because they have entered into a contract in writing
with the Power Company by which they are authorized to build dams, cross
streams, not only boundary streams, but cross these other rivers which are
referred to by these gentlemen, the Manitou River and the Seine River, to be con-
trolled by the joint action of the Canadian government and the Company. To
be sure these waters eventually sometime or other pass along the boundary
stream, but this contract takes no account of any rights which anybody might
claim to have on the American side; it handles that water for the interest of a
certain enterprise and in the interest of a certain government, which they have a
perfect right to do, and which they have assumed to do and no one on the Ameri-
can side was heard to say nay ; but when we on the other side want to use a stream
for the benefit and to promote the comfort and welfare of our country, we want
them to do the same as we do, recognize our rights, as we recognize theirs.

I was very much impressed with what was said this morning regarding navi-
gation upon the Great Lakes. With friendly co-operation of Mr. Coste and his
associates, we can send them about a quarter of what Mr. Randolph is taking out,
where it will be of some service. I referred to this before. We could send down
a thousand cubic feet this way, if we were enabled to move the thing along through
the various agencies; and I submit to you whether, in view of what was said by
the various speakers this morning, that isn't the most beneficial and advantageous
use of these waters for the United States and for Canada and all parties concerned,
because we have provided a way for taking care of all the interests on Rainy
River between Fort Frances and the Long Sault by dams above which are to he
controlled in the interests of navigation and are not a diversion of water, so that
we can take up these flood waters and bring them over here and help these gentle-
men and their lower Ontario interests out. That is all I wish to say. I wanted
to be understood as making this application plain for the benefit of these gentle-
men so that they won't go away, with a misapprehension as to what was being
asked and what was being offered.

Statement of W. M. Tilderquist, on Behalf of the Minnesota Canal

Power Company.

DuLUTH, Minn., June 23, 1906.

TO THE INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION,

BUFFALO, N.Y.

Gentlemen, — In the months of June and July, 1904, in connection with E^.
B. Bands, engineer for The Minnesota Canal and Power Company, I made a
survey of Rainy River.

I embarked upon the river at Fort Frances, Ontario, and proceeded down
the stream until I arrived at Long Sault Rapids. From that point to the Lake
of the Woods, a distance of 35 to 40 miles, I examined the stream for the purpose

1146 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

of taking measurements of the flowage of water and ascertaining the width and
depth of the river and making general observations as to the improvements upon
either side and the towns and settlements thereon.

The work from Fort Frances to Long Sault Rapids was performed by Mr.
Banks. I have read his statement addressed to you dated June 22, 1906, and
his description of the river and the country on either side from Fort Frances to
Long Sault Rapids, as contained in that statement, is correct and in accordance
with my own observations. The nature of the country below the Long Sault
Rapids down to near the Lake of the Woods is substantially of the same character
as he describes for that part of the river below Long Sault Rapids. The American
side is uncleared and uncultivated and has almost no settlers except a few that
were just going in in the vicinitj^ of Baudette. There were considerable settle-
ments upon the Canadian side; the land was cleared and put into grass. There
were a few houses observable from the river. At Bouchervillc, Ontario, there
were two store buildings and one hotel bui'ding. The hotel was vacant; there
were no stocks of goods in either of the stcres b it one of them was occupied bj"^ a
family; the other was vacant. The settlement had the appearance of having
been abandoned. There are no towns between Long Sault Rapids and Rainy
River, a distance of about 25 miles, where there were not more than from two to
five houses. Rainy River is a to'mi of 1,000 to 1,200 inhabitants dra^\'n there to
work in the sawmill which is in operation at that point. The supply of logs for
this mill floats downi Rainy River.

Rainy River is substantially dead water from Long Sault Rapids to the Lake
of the Woods. There is one place where there is a slight current. Its depth is
determined by the height of water in the Lake of the Woods and that is determined
by the Keewatin dam at the north end of the lake. At no time, not even in time
of low water, is the river difficult of navigation from Long Sault to the Lake of the
Woods.

Upon the north side of P.ainy River, between Rainy River Village and the
Lake of the Woods, there is an Indian Reservation upon which no improvements
were discernable by me. There is an Indian Reservation in Ontario bordering
on the river at the Long Sault and- this reservation is unimproved except for what
little hay the Indians cut.

The traffic upon the river during the two months when I was at work upon
it was extremely limited. The Canadian Northern Railway seemed to do the
principal business, both passenger and freight.

Respectfullj' submitted,

WM. M. TILDERQUIST,

En'ineer.

STATEMENT AND BRIEF OF .ST. CROIX LUMBER COMPANY AND FALL LAKE BOOM
COMPANY IN OPPOSITION TO PROPOSED DIVERSION.

To the International Waterways Commission: —

In approaching the consideration of this subject we find that we are under
the disadvantage of not being advised of the precise scope of the inquiry before
the Commission. We shall assume, however, that the international features of
the situation will be of primary importance, and, as we are advised that a ceitain
application of the Minnesota CanalandPower Company for permission to obstruct
and divert the waters in question, addressed to the Secretary of War, has been
referred to this Commission, we assume that the hearing of the United States
Statutes upon the waters in question and the limitations of the applicability of

I\TERNAT10NAL WATERWAYS COJfMfSSrON 1147

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

said statutes are also sulijeets proper to be called to the attention of the Commis-
sion. If we omit or incompletelj' cover anj^ branch of the subject, upon which
the Commission may desire information or argument, we shall be pleased, on
notice, to comply with any request the Commission may see fit to make in thnt
resjard.

Brief Description of Proposed Operations of the Minnesota Canal

AND Power Company.

The Birch Lake drainage basin, so-called, contains an estimated area of
eleven hundred and three square miles, and all of the waters thereof are tributary
to Birch Lake, except the waters of the North Kawishiwi River, which enters
Fall Lake in Township 63, North of Range 11 West, without flowing through
Birch Lake. The natural outlet of Birch Lake is through Birch River, located
in Township 62, North of Range 11 West, and all of the waters in the Birch Lake
drainage area flow North from Fall Lake through the Various connecting lakes
and streams to Rainy Lake on the international boundary, and thence through
other connecting lakes and streams to Rainy River, and are thence discharged
North through the Lake of the Woods and finally reach Hudson Bay. The
plans of the Canal Company contemplate the erection of a dam across said Birch
River at the Northern outlet of Birch Lake at the South line of Township 62
North, of Range 1 1 West. It is proposed to build this dam 20 feet in height, and
therebj^ to raise the waters in Birch Lake 20 feet above mean low water level,
thus creating a reservoir of extensive dimensions. In order to store in this pro-
posed reservoir all the waters of the Birch Lake drainage area, the Canal Com-
pany further proposes to construct a diverting dam across the North Kawishiwi
River at a point in Township 63 North, of Range 10 West, in order to cause the
waters which naturally flow North through said North branch to back up and
flow through the South branch of said river and into Birch Lake. In order to
make use of the waters so stored in said Birch Lake reservoir, the Canal Company
proposes to dig a canal about fifteen miles in length from the Westerly end of
Birch Lake, commencing at a point in Township 61 North, of Range 13 West,
and crossing the height of land and natural water-shed in Township 60 North,
of Ranges 14 and 15 West, and Township 59 North, of Range 15 West. The
waters North of said height of land or water-shed flow northerly into Birch Lake
and its tributaries, and the waters South thereof in their natural state flow into
the St. Louis River and its tributaries, and finally into Lake Superior. By means
of said canal connecting Birch Lake with the head waters of the Embarrass River,
which empties into the St. Louis River in Township 57 North, of Range 16 West,
it is proposed to carry the waters to be stored in the Birch Lake reservoir through
said canal, the Embarrass River, and the St. Louis River to a point Northwest
of Duluth, in Township 50 North, of Range 17 West. From that point it is
proposed to divert the waters by means of a canal to be constructed of about
twenty -four miles in length to a point back of the City of Duluth, from whence
the same will be led from an elevation of approximately six hundred feet to the
vicinity of the Bay of Duluth, to be used in the generation of power.

The Interests of the St. Croix Lumber Company and Fall Lake Boom
Company Would Be Injuriously Affected By the Diversion ok Wa-
ters As Proposed By Said Minnesota Canal and Power Company.

The St. Croix Lumber Company is a corporation organized under the laws
of the State of Minnesota. Said Company states that for many years past they
have been engaged in the manufactuie of lumber in the State of Minnesota; that
they now own and operate a .sawmill at the Village of Winton, in the County of

1148 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

St. Louis, State of Minnesota, said mill being located in Section 24, Township
63 North, of Range 12 West, on the shore of Fall Lake, which is an enlargement
of the Kawishiwi River; that in connection with said sawmill said company owns
and operates a planing mill and also owns houses for the use of its employees at
said Village of Winton; that said sawmill has been in operation since 1895, the
same ha\ang formerly been owned and operated by the Knox Lumber Company;
that said sawmill and equipments and other property were purchased from the
said Knox Lumber Company by said St. Croix Lumber Companj'^ in the year
1900, and said sawmill has been operated continuously since said last mentioned
time by said St. Croix Lumber Company; that during each sawing season said
last named company has employed in and about its said sawmill and planing mill
an average of two hundred and twenty-five men, and during the winter season
employs in the operation of its planing mill and other work in connection with its
plant from seventy-five to eight j' men; that the number of men employed as
aforesaid does not include any men employed in logging operations in connection
with said sawmill business; that the value of said sawmill, planing mill and plant
is not less than one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, exclusive of standing
timber, logs and manufactured product owned by the company; that the men
employed by said St. Croix Lumber Company in and about its said mill, and their
families located at said Village of Winton, are dependent upon said employment
for their livelihood, and constitute a large proportion of the inhabitants of said
village; that the capacity of said sawmill when in operation will average two
hundred and thirty thousand feet per day, operating day and night shifts, and the
total average annual product of said mill is thirty-five million feet ; that said saw-
mill is located upon a branch of the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad, and so
much of the output of said sawmill and planing mill as is not disposed of to supplj^
the market in the vicinity thereof, including the city of Ely, is shipped by rail
over said Duluth and Iron Range Railroad to Two Harbors or Duluth, in the State
of Minnesota, and thence re-shipped either by boat or rail to other points.

That said St. Croix Lumber Company has purchased and owns for the pur-
pose of supplying raw material for the operation of its said sawmill plant large
quantities of standing pine timber tributary to said mill, and for several years
past has from time to time, as opportunity offered, increased its supplies of stand-
ing pine timber, and is now in the market for such timber of a suitable quality
and location as can be purchased at market prices ; that said company now owns
and controls sufficient standing timber to run said sawmill at normal capacity
for a period of more than twelve years; that said company now owtis standing
pine situated on the North branch of the Kawishiwi River in Townships 63
and 62 North, of Range 10 West, and Township 63 North, of Range 9
West, amounting approximately to twenty-five million feet, all of which
timber is tributary to said sawmill by means of floating logs in the waters
of the North branch of the Kawishiwi River; that approximately seventy-five
million feet of timber other than that owned by said Lumber Company is tribu-
tary to said North branch of said Kawishiwi River ; that said company also owns
approximately one hundred million feet of standing pine timber tributary to
Stony River, which empties into the southeasterly side of Birch Lake ; that there
is approximately one hundred and fifty million feet of standing timber in addition
to that owned by said company which is tributarj' to said Stony River; that all of
the timber above mentioned is situated in the Counties of St. Louis and Lake in
said State of Miimesota. That the value of the standing timber owned by said
company in said counties of St. Louis and Lake is not less than one million five
hundred thousand dollars.

That the following named streams, to-wit. Birch River, Dunka River, Stony
River, South Kawishiwi River and the Isabella River flow into Birch Lake,
and from Birch Lake through Birch River to White Iron Lake, and thence

INTERNATIOJfAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION ' U49

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

North to said Village of Winton, where the said mill property of said Lumber
Company is located as hereinbefore mentioned, and ail of said rivers and streams
are useful and necessary for the purpose of floating logs from the territory
surrounding Birch Lake, into Birch Lake, and from thence through Birch River
to the mill of said company; that said Birch Lake, White Iron Lake and Birch
River and their tributaries are public highways, and are all navigable waters,
and said lakes, and Birch River, for the greater portion of its natural length, are
navigable not only for the rafting and floating of logs and forest products, but
are also navigable for steamboats and other craft. That all of the logs, lumber
and forest products that have been cut and that are to be cut from the lands
tributary to said streams and lakes and which are owned by said corporation and
by other parties have their natural and only outlet down said streams iiito
said lakes, and through the rivers connecting said lakes to the said Village of
Winton.

That all of said streams and the outlets of said lakes hereinbefore mentioned
have been improved by clearing the channels thereof, straightening the same,
removing obstructions and building dams for the purposes of facilitating their
navigation for the floating of logs, lumber and forest products down the same,
to said village of Winton and other points by the Fall Lake Boom Company
and the Gilham Boom Companj', the operations of which have been taken
over by the said Fall Lake Boom Company; that said Fall Lake Boom Com-
pany and said Gilham Boom Company are both corporations organized under
the provisions of Title 1, of Chapter 34 of the General Statutes of Minnesota,
1894, and were so organized more than eight j^ears ago, and each of said com-
panies have and are entitled to exercise the power of eminent domain in
furtheranceof the general objects and purposes of boom companies. Said Fall
Lake Boom Company ever since its organization has been exercising its powers
as a public service corporation in connection with the improvement of the waters
and streams hereinbefore mentioned, and in the driving and handling of logs
for said St. Croix Lumber Company and for others, in connection with which
said corporations the Fall Lake Boom Company and said Gilham Boom Com-
pany have expended in excess of $25,000 in the improvement of the public
use and navigation of said streams and waters.

The construction of said proposed dams and other works by the applicant,
and the diversion of said waters from their natural outlet will destroy or seriously
impair the said Birch River and Kawishiwi River as floatable or navigable
streams, and prevent or seriously hinder the floating of logs down said streams
from Birch Lake and its tributaries, including said Stony River, and from
White Iron Lake, and its tributaries, to the village of Winton, and thus render
the cutting of logs for the manufacture of lumber or forest products at the
village of Winton unprofitable, and impair the value of the property of said
Lumber Company, both as to its mill property at Winton, and as to its timber
standing on said lands within the watershed before referred to. That one of
the reasons why said mill property and standing timber will be rendered worth-
less is that there are no other streams or natural highways down which said
timber can be transported to said mill for manufacture, and said mill is dependent
upon the timber and forest products from said watershed for its supply. There
arc no railroads or other means of transportation that are available to reach
said timber and transport it to the mill of said corporation, or to any other
point for manufacture, and to cut and transport said timber from the lands
hereinbefore referred to to any other point available for its manufacture would
entail an expense so great that the same could not be done except at a heavy
loss.

The diversion of said waters as proposed by the Canal Company will
necessarily seriously hamper the operations of said Fall Lake Boom Company,
19a— 79

1150 • DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

and will be likely to so far interfere with i^aid oiierations as to prohibit any
profitable use of the improvements made by said Boom Companies, and result
in the practical destruction of said Company's properties and the confiscation
of contracts which the Fall Lake Boom Company has with the said Lumber
Company and others for driving and handling logs.

Birch Lake, Birch River and the Connecting Waters to and along the
International Boundary are Navigable Waters of the United
States, and except insofar as affected by International Rights,
are under the Control of Congress.

These waters are navigable in fact. As above shown a portion of the
same are extensively used at the present time by the St. Croix Lumber Company,
Fall Lake Boom Company and others in the transportation of sawlogs.

At the hearing before the District Court of St. Louis County, Minnesota,
Elerenth Judicial District, in the case of Minnesota Canal and Power Company,
Petitioner, vs William C. Yawkey, et al, Respondents, on application of the
petitioner for the appointment of commissioners in condemnation proceedings,
Mr. L. W. Ayer testified that he had personally examined the watercourse
between said Birch Lake in St. Louis County, Minnesota, and Koochichin
Falls on Rainy River on the international boundary. Affiant gave it as his
opinion that under existing conditions bj^ use of the present improvements
sawlogs could be floated in times of high water from Birch Lake to Koochiching
Falls. As we understand, there is at present no necessity for floating sawlogs
over these waters, as there are no mills established on the same below Fall
Lake, so far as we are advised. During the open season of navigation there
is operated on Birch Lake a boat propelled by steam power which is used in
coimection with the rafting and transportation of logs. There are also employed
on the waters of Eve Lake and Fall Lake similar boats. There are six Canadian
and two American steamboats operating on Rainy Lake along the international
boundary, two of which boats make regular trips between International Falls
and Kettle Falls, the distance between said points being about thirty-five
miles. There is also operated on Namekan Lake, a part of the connecting
waters between Birch Lake and International Falls, a steamboat known as
the "Rutheford Hayes," which carries American mail. The country between
Fall Lake and International Falls is at present practically unsettled, and sub-
stantially all of the business which has been carried on in that region consists
of lumbering on a limited scale, and said waters will naturally be used to a far
greater extent and for a greater variety of purposes when the adjacent country
becomes well settled. From investigations made we feel warranted in asserting
that the volume of water which is discharged through the waterway connecting
Birch Lake and the international boundary is sufficient to permit of the passage
of steamboats and other watercraft throughout the length of said waterway,
provided the various rapids occurring therein are suitably improved by canals
and locks.

In view of, the situation and use of these waters it is clear that thej' are
navigable waters of the United States as defined by its Supreme Court. The
definition of navigable waters and navigable waters of the United States
contained in the case of the Daniel Ball, 10 Wall. 557, 1870, is very generally
followed and quoted in subsequent cases, both in United States courts and in
state courts. The question before the court was the extent of the admiralty
jurisdiction of the United States, and depended upon whether Grand River,
a stream wholly within the State of Michigan, but connecting with Lake Michigan
should be considered navigable water of the United States. The court said:

I

I

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISBION 1151

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

"Those rivers must be regarded as public navigable rivers in law which arc
navigable iiiflfact. And they are navigable in fact when they are used or aie
susceptible of being used, in their ordinary condition, as highways for commerce,
over which trade and travel are or may be conducted in the customary modes
or trade and travel by water. And they constitute navigable waters of the
United States within the meaning of the Acts of Congress, in contradistinction
from the navigable waters of the states, when they form in their ordinary
condition by themselves, or by uniting with other waters, a continued highway
over which commerce is or may be carried on with other states or foreign
countries in the customary modes in which such commerce is conducted l)y
water."

The court found that Grand River, which is navigable by boat for a distance
of forty miles from its mouth, forming by its junction with the lake a con-
tinuous highway for commerce, both with other states and with foreign countries
is a navigable river of the United States. The opinion in the above case was
written by Judge Field.

The Montello, 20 Wall. 430.

This is one of the leading cases defining navigable waters of the United
States." The status of the Fox River in Wisconsin was under consideration
The Court said :

"The rule laid down by the district judge as a test of navigability cannot
be adopted, for it would exclude manj' of the great rivers of the country which
are so interrupted by rapids as to require artificial means to enable them to be
navigated without break. Indeed, there are few of our freshwater rivers
which did not originally present serious obstruction to an uninterrupted naviga-
tion. In some cases, like the Fox River, they may be so great while they last
as to prevent the use of the best instrumentalities for carrying on commerce,
but the vital and essential point is whether the natural navigation of the river
is such that it affords a channel for useful commerce. If this be so the river is
navigable in fact, although its navigation may be encompassed with difficulties
of natural barriers, such as rapids and sand-bars."

In the case of Escanaba Co. vs. Chicago, 107 U.S. 678-682, the court said :

"The power vested in the general government to regulate interstate and
foreign comm.erce involves the control of the waters of the United States which
are navigable in fact so far as it may be necessary to insure their free navigation,
when by themselves, or in connection with other waters, thej^ form a continuous
channel for commerce among the states or with foreign countries." In that
case the Chicago river, a stream wholly within the State of Illinois, was held
to be navigable water of the United States. The court held that the ordinance
of 1787 does not effect the question of congressional or state control. The states
formed out of Northwest Territory were admitted upon an equal footing with
the original states. This case was decided prior to the Acts of 1890 and 1899.
See United States vs. Burlington, &c., Co., 21 Fed. 331.
U.S. vs. Rio Grande, &c., Co., 174 U.S. 690.

For collection of cases as to what are and what are not navigable waters,
either of the United States or the States, see 7 Notes on U.S. Reports, page 365,
in treatment of the case of The Daniel Ball.

81 Am. Dec. page 582, in the case of Davis vs. Winslow.
16 Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law, 1st Ed. 230.

A river capable of floating to market the products of the forest or farm, and
upon which boats, barges, rafts or logs may be borne, is a navigable stream
both in fact and in law. The criterion of navigability is the use to which the
stream may be put.

19a— 79|

1152 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Rhodes vs. Otis, 33 Ala. 578-73 Am. Dec. 439. ^

Whistler vs. Wilkinson, 22 Wis. 572.

Wadsworth vs. Smith, 11 Me. 278-26 Am. Dec. 525.

Treat vs. Lord, 42 Me. 552-66 Am. Dec. 298.

Thunder Bay Booming Co. vs. Speechly, 31 Mich. 336.
It is not necessary to give the character of navigability to a stream that it
shall be capable of being used for navigation continuously at all seasons of the
year. It is sufficient if it may be prudently relied upon for use at some seasons
of the year, occurring with tolerable regularitv.
~ Walker vs. Allen, 72 Ala. 456.

Little Rock, &c., vs. Brooks, 39 Ark. 403.

Edrich vs. N.W.R. Co., 42 Wis. 203.

Morgan vs. King, 35 N.Y. 454.
Navigable waters include all those which afford a channel for useful com-
merce. Such waters are common highways.

Castner vs. Steamboat, 1 Minn. 73.

Schumeier.i's. St. Paul, &c., Co., 10 Minn. 82.

Same case, 7 Wall. (U.S.) 272.

Swanson vs. Miss. etc. Boom Co., 42 Minn. 532.

St. P. R. Co. vs. First Div., &c., 26 Minn. 31.
Moreover, the waters in question have been decided bj- the Secretary of
War to be navigable waters of the United States under the control of Congress,
and subject to the provisions of Sections 9 and 10 of the Act of jNIarch 3, 1899
(30 Stats. 1151). Investigation and decision of that question came about in
this way: Quite a large portion of the lands proposed to be crossed and flooded
by the Minnesota Canal and Power Companj' are public lands belonging to the
United States. The Canal Company made application to the Secretarj' of
the Interior in the year 1904 for permission for right of way over the lands in
question under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved February 15,
1901 (31 Stats. 709). In the course of his investigation of the subject of the
application, the Secretary of the Interior called upon the Secretary of War for
a report as to the status of the waters involved. In a letter dated ISIay, 13, 1904,
the Secretary of War advises the Secretary of the Interior as follows : —

"Rainy River (or Rainy Lake River, so-called), is the outflowing stream
from Rainy Lake and its waters flow into the Lake of the Woods. The river
forms a part of the International boundary between the United States and the
Dominion of Canada and is understood to be navigable water, as defined by
the Supreme Court of the United States, xxx. As the river is a navigable water-
way in which both the United States and the Dominion of Canada are interested,
any project that would be likely to interfere with the navigable capacity of
the stream should have the sanction not only of the Government but of the
Government of the Dominion of Canada.

"The project of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company contemplates
the utilization of the waters of the St. Louis River, which is also a navigable
water of the United States, and is understood to be navigable in both the States
of Wisconsin and Minnesota, xx. The construction of a dam or clams across the
St. Louis River comes within the purview of section 9, of the River and Harbor
Act of March 3, 1899, and would be unlawful unless specially authorized by
Congress."

Thereafter and by letter dated October 27, 1904, the Commissioner of the
General Land Office denied the said application of the Canal Company, a copy
of which letter, marked Exhibit "A," is hereto attached. On application of
the Canal Company the subject was re-opened to permit of further investigation
as to the character of the waters. The question was again referred to the War
Department, and a report was called from Major G. McC. Derby and Major

INTESyATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOl^ 1153

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

C. L. Potter, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Armj', the officers in charge of the terri-
tory in which the waters are located. A pubHc hearing was had before said
Engineers at which said Canal Company was represented and submitted
documents and oral argument. Major Derby reported that in his judgment
the waters of Birch Lake and connecting waters to the North to the international
boundarj' are navigable waters of the United States within the purview of said
Acts of Congress, and his findings and report in that regard were concurred in
by the Chief of Engineers of the U.S. Army and by the Secretary of ^V;^r. The
report of Major Potter was confined to the waters of the St. Louis River. The
letter of the acting Secretary of War, addressed to the Secretary of the Interior,
covering the above subject, is dated June 15, 1905, and a copy thereof, marked
Exhibit "B," is hereto attached.

Effect of the Proposed Diversion of Said Waters Upon the Na'S'igability
OF THE Streams and Lakes Affected.

As heretofore pointed out, the business and operations of the said St. Croix
Lumber Company and Fall Lake Boom Company would be disastrously affected
by the erection of the dams and diversion of the waters proposed by the said
Canal Company, and the navigable capacity of the portion of said waters utilized
by said companies and others for purposes of navigation would be seriously
impaired, if not actually destroyed.

The navigable capacity of said waters below Fall Lake and along the inter-
national boundary would also be seriously affected. This is made to appear by
aflBdavits of James J. Darcy, Richard F. Fagan and Martin Dillon, hereto
attached, marked respectively Exhibits "C," "D," and "E," and copy of afl[idavit
of William Shoop, also hereto attached, and marked Exhibit "F," all of which
are hereby referred to.

Moreover, it appeared by the admission of said Minnesota Canal and Power
Companj'- in its petition filed in condemnation proceedings in the District Court
of Itaca County, Minnesota, that the said Birch Lake drainage area, affected by
the operations of said company, constitutes about one-sixth of the total drainage
area tributary to Rainy River, and we are informed that as a matter of fact the
proportion is much greater.

United States Statutes Applicable.

Sections 9 and 10 of the Act of Congress of March 3, 1899, (30 Stats. 1151)
govern the waters in question, except insofar as the same may be subject to inter-
national control and treaty obligations. By virtue of these statutes Congress has
asserted the national jurisdiction over these waters and the navigable cap icity
of the same cannot in any manner be impaired, or any obstruction therein created
without the consent of Congress, and the approval of the Secretary of War and
Chief of Engineers.

U.S. vs. Rio Grande, &c. Co., 174 U.S. 690.

Escanaba Co. vs. Chicago, 107 U.S. 678.

Willamette, &c. Co. vs. Hatch, 125 U.S. 1.

Cummins vs. Chicago, 188 U.S. 410.

Consent of State as well as of United States Necessary.

The Supreme Court of the United States held in the case of Cummins vs.
Chicago, 188, U.S. 410, decided in 1903, that where navigable waters of the United
States lie wholly within the limits of a state, the jurisdiction of the state with
respect to the prohibition of the erection of the obstructions in such waters was
not suspended by virtue of the said Acts of Congress above cited, but, in the
words of the court: —

1154 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

"The effect of that Act, reasonably interpreted, is to make the erection of a
structure in a navigable river, within the limits of a State, depend upon the con-
(urrent or joint assent of both the National Government and the State Govern-
ment. The Secretary of War, acting under the authority conferred by Con-
gress, may assent to the erection by private parties of such a structure. Without
such assent the structure cannot be erected by them. But under existing legisla-
tion they must, before proceeding under such authoritj-, obtain also the assent of
the State acting by its constituted agencies."

See also Montgomery vs. Portland, 190 U.S. 89.

This is a most important consideration with respect to the subject now before
the commission. The waters of Birch Lake and the streams flowing North there-
from, until the same reach the international boundary, are wholly within the
State of Minnesota, and therefore fall within the class of waters treated in the
case of Cummins vs. Chicago. The State of Minnesota has not bj' anj- express
legislation authorized the obstruction and diversion of said waters, as proposed
by the Minnesota Canal and Power Company, but, on the contrarj', has expressly
prohibited the same.

Legislative prohibition is found in Section 2385, Gen. Stats. 1894, the same
boii.g Act of July 28, 1858, and Section 1, of Chap. 32, Revised Statutes of 1866,
reads as follows:

"All rivers within this state of sufficient size for floating or driving logs, tim-
ber or lumber, and which may be used for that purpose, are hereby declared to
be ])ublic highways, so far as to prevent obstruction to the free passage of logs,
timher or lumber do^vn said streams, or either of them."

Section 2 of Article 27, Constitution of the State of Minnesota, reads as
follows: —

"The state of Minnesota shall have concurrent jurisdiction on the Mississippi
and on all other rivers and waters bordering on the said State of Minnesota, so far
as the same shall form a common boundary to said state and any other state or
states now or hereafter to be formed by the same ; and said rivers and waters, and
navigable waters leading into the same, shall be common highways, and forever
free, as well to the inhabitants of said state as to other citizens of the United
States, without any tax, duty, impost or toll therefor."

The Supreme Court of the State of jMinnesota in the case of the Minnesota
Canal and Power Company t's. Koochiching Company (not yet officially reported),
upon a very exhaustive consideration of this very proposition to obstruct and
divert the waters in cjuestion by theMinnesota CanalandPower Company,decided
that under the laws of said state such obstruction and diversion would not be
permitted. We call attention to the following portion of the opinion of the
Supreme Court of the State of Minnesota in the above mentioned case, announc-
ing its conclusions with respect to this matter.

"It is true that the trial court has found that the carrying out of the appel-
lant's enterprise would not substantially interfere with the capacity of the lakes
for navigation or any other public use to which they have at any time been put.
This finding deals entirely v/ith conditions as they have existed in the past and it
is not determined that the enterprise will not interfere with the more extensive
use of the waters which is inevitable in the future as the country develops and
navigation increases. The court does find that it would at times prevent the
fioattng of logs over the rapids in the rivers connecting the lakes within the state,
unless the petitioner's dams would be so operated as to furnish water for the
driving of the logs down the stream at such times as there should be logs to drive,
and 'if would not be impossible to so operate said dams.' This means that the
navigation of the streams would be placed under the control of the appellant to be
regufated as it should see fit, thus giving to it as an incident to the power to create
a canal and water power at Duluth the overlordship and control of navigation

I

n'TERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1155

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

on large and important public waters of the state. There is at least one stream
in this state over which such control has been delegated to a private corporation,
but the intention of the legislature to convey similar powers over other streams
should be made to appear by the unambiguous language of a positive statute.

We find no such grant, and in view of the presumption in favor of the rights
of the individual, the state and federal prohibition against the obstruction of
navigable waters, the rule that the rights of the state in such waters are sovereign
and not proprietary, that they are held in trust for the public as highways and
cannot be alienated, (citing cases), the possible effect upon the rights of riparian
proprietors in the Province of Ontario, the fact that the doctrine of the appropria-
tion of waters adopted in some of the Western states does not prevail in Minne-
sota and is not recognized bj^ the conventional law of nations ("Pine vs. May or,
112 Fed. 98, s.c. 185 U.S. 93; Ho!yoke&c. Co. vs. Conn. River Co., 20 Fed. 71),
the treaty relations between the United States and Great Britain with reference
to the boundary waters between the United States and Canada (7 Fed. Stats. Ann.
pg. .583,) and that the taking of the waters will interfere with streams and
lakes which are already devoted to public uses, which can only be done under
express statutory authority (Minneapolis and St. L. Ry. Co. vs. Village of Hart-
land, 85 Minn. 76), we are constrained to hold that the appellant is not authorized
to condemn the interests sought to be condemned in the lands of the respondents
for the purpose of constructing the canal and creating water power in the manner
described in the petition. The petitioner's enterprise necessitates the doing of
w^hat is not only not expressly or by fair inference authorized, but is expressly
forbidden by the Statutes of the State of Minnesota, and of the United States,
without the consent of its representatives."

It should be stated, however, that since the said decision of the Supreme
Court of the State of Minnesota, the Canal Company has amended its articles
of incorporation, and has started a new proceeding in condemnation in the Dis-
trict Court of St. Louis County, in said state, wherein it is seeking to avoid the
eflect of said decision, and is also relying upon certain changes made in the laws
of said state by reason of the taking effect on the first day of March, 1906, of what
is known as Revised Laws 1905. In view, therefore, of these late proceedings on
the part of the Canal Company, the subject matter before this Commission can-
not be regarded as a closed incident, so far as the Courts of the State of Minne-
sota are concerned, though we claim that the aforesaid decision of the State
Supreme Court will really control the ultimate decision of the new proceedings
instituted by the Canal Company. This, however, is a matter for subsequent
adjudication.

Not only has the state not given its consent to the obstruction and diversion
of said waters, but it has been judicially determined that the state would have no
authority to give its consent thereto, liecause the waters are held in trust by the
state for public use as navigable waters, and such trust is incapable of alienation.

This proposition is fully established by decisions of the Supreme Court of
Minnesota.

Lamphrey vs. State, 52 Minn. 181.

In this case Mitchell, J., delivering the opinion of the Court says (p. 198) :

"Where the lake is navigable in fact, its waters and bed belong to the state
in its sovereign capacity, and the riparian patentee takes the right only to the
water's edge."

Willow River Club vs. Wade, 100 Wis. 86.
Bradshaw vs. Duluth Imperial Mill Co., 52 Minn. 59.

In this case Mitchell, J., delivering the opinion, says (p. 65) :

"It is a settled law with us that the rights of the state in navigable waters
and their beds are sovereign, and not proprietary, and are held in trust for the
public as a highway and are incapable of alienation."

1156 DEPARTMENT OF POBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Union Depot, &c., vs. Brunswick, 31 Minn. 297.

Hannaford, vs. St. and D. R. Co., 43 Minn. 104.

Rossmiller vs. State, 114 Wis. 169.
In the last mentioned case the court said :

' This court has repeatedly said that the navigable waters of the state have
substantially the incidents of tidal waters at common law; that the title to the
beds of such waters was reserved for the state bj' the Ordinance of 1787, and
vested in it the instant it was admitted into the Union, to preserve the public
character of such waters, with all such incidents, and that the state never has and
never can constitutionally impair the trust."

McLennon vs. Prentice, 85 Wis. 427, 444.

Village of Pewaukee, vs. Savoy, 103 Wis. 271.
The court in that case uses the following language, citing the following
cases :

"It is the settled law that submerged lands of lakes within the boundaries of
the state, belong to the state in trust for public use, substantially the same as
submerged lands under navigable waters at common law. Upon the admission
of the state, into the Union, the title to such lands by operation of law vested in
it in trust to preserve to the people of the state forever the common rights of
fishing, and navigation, and such other rights as are incident to public waters at
common law, which trusteeship is inviolable, the State being powerless to change
the situation by in any way abdicating its trust."

Priewe vs. Wis. State Land and Imp. Co., 93 Wis. 534.

Willow River Club vs. Wade, 100 Wis. 86.

Shively vs. Bowby, 152 U.S. 1.

Illinois Central Railroad vs. Illinois, 146 U.S. 387-452.

The Waters in Question Are International and Are Protected By

Treaty.

Said international waters are protected by Article 2 of treaty between the
United States and Great Britain under date of August 9, 1842, proclaimed
November 10, 1842, and known as the Webster-Ashburton Treaty. This treaty
is found in 7 Federal Statutes Annotated p. 582.

The last clause of said Article 2 reads as follows : "It being understood that
all water communications and all the usual portages along the line from Lake
Superior to the Lake of the Woods, and also Grand Portage from the shore of
Lake Superior to the Pigeon River, as now actually used, shall be free and open
to the use of the citizens and subjects of both countries."

Section 3 of Article 3 of U.S. Constitution provides that: "This Constitution
and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof and
all treaties made or which shall be made under the authoritj-^ of the United States
shall be the supreme law of the land, and the judges in every state shall be bound
thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary not-
withstanding."

As hereinbefore shown, it is conceded that the Birch Lake drainage basin
contribute - about one-sixth of the boundary waters of Rainy River and its con-
nection-. If the present proposed diversion is correct in principle, then other
diversions may take place which would still more seriously impair the capacity
and use of the boundary waters contrary to the provisions of said treaty.

Irrespective of express treaty obligations, the United States ought not, as a
matter of international comity, to authorize any such interference with waters
within its own territory as will impair the use and navigability of waters of a
neighboring nation.

INTERNATIOXAL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOX 1157

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

The following quotation is from the late work of Farnham, 'Waters and Water
Rights, Vol. 1, p. 29/ and contains, it seems to us, a fair statement of the law
governing international and interstate rivers.

"6. International and interstate rivers. — A river which flows through the
territory of several states or nations is their common property. Each is entitled
to its navigation throughout its whole extent, so far as it can be exercised without
injury to the rights of others. It is a great natural highway conferring, besides
the facilities of navigation, certain incidental advantages, such as fishery and the
right to use the water for power and irrigation. Neither nation can do any act
which will deprive the other of the benefits of those rights and advantages. The
inherent right of a nation to protect itself and its territory would justify the one
lower down the stream in preventing by force the one further up from turning the
river out of its source, or in consuming so much of the water for purposes of its
own as to deprive the former of its benefit. Conversely, the upper owner would
have a right to prevent an obstruction of the stream which would prevent fish
from ascending to its shores, or interfere with its rights of navigation. ***The
gifts of nature are for the benefit of mankind, and no aggregation of men can
assert and exercise siich rights and ownership of them as will deprive others
having equal rights, and means of enjoying them, of such enjoyment. The acts
of nations must be governed bj^ principles of right and justice. The days of
force and self aggrandizement at the expense of neighboring nations are past,
and the common right to enjoy the bountiful provisions of Providence must be
preserved."

See Kansas vs. Colorado, 185 U.S. 125.

Missouri vs. Illinois, 180 U.S. 208.

Pine vs. New York, 112 Fed. 98.

Holyoke Water Power Co. vs. Conn. River Co., 20 Fed. 71.
In behalf, therefore, of the said interests which we represent, and in consider-
ation also of the public rights and international obligations involved, we
respectfully submit that permission to obstruct and divert said waters as proposed
should be withheld.

H. J. Grannis and J. N. Seaules,

Attorneys for St. Croix Lumber
and Fall Lake Boom Company.

\

EXHIBIT A.
'F' 58175-69201-89789-132883-1904.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

General Land Oflace.
-Washington, D.C, October 27, 1904.

Register and Receiver,

Duluth, Minnesota.

Sirs,— With letter of February 26, 1904, and April 14, 1904, there were
transmitted from your office copy of the Articles of Incorporation and other papers
relating to the organization of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company, to-
gether with maps and field notes of survey, in duplicate, of certain reservoirs and
canals located bj' said company — all comprising the company's application for

1158 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

the right of way for the reservoirs and canals, under the Act of March 3, 1891
(26 Stat. 1095) and that of May 11, 1898 (30 Stat. 404.)

The maps and field notes show a system of dams, reservoirs and canals, bj'
means of which the water from the Rainy River watei-shed, comprised of Birch,
Gabro, Bald Eagle, Isabelle and other lakes, and Birch, North and South Kaw-
ishiwi, Stony, Isabelle and other rivers, is to be diverted and turned into the Em-
barrass river; thence into the St. Louis river, and thence into a small canal
carrying it to an immense power station at or near the city of Duluth, Minnesota.
As stated in the articles of incorporation and in the application, the purpose of
this system,

'is the creation of a water power plant at Duluth, Minnesota, and elsewhere
in the State of Minnesota, to supply power to municipalities, corporations, indi-
viduals and the public at large direct from its water wheels, and also to generate
and distribute electricity for light, heat and power, and to supply water for the
use of any municipality desiring the same and the inhabitants thereof, and to
provide irrigation when needed to lands adjacent to its general work of improve-
ment, and to run and drive logs and timber.'

During the pendency of this application before this office, the company's
attorney apparently recognized the fact that the acts of March 3, 1891, and May
11, 1S93, supra, were not applicable in the premises, for, in a written communi-
cation it is stated that the company desired to have its application considered as
having been made under the provisions of the act of February 15, 1901(31 Stat.
790).

As the application appeared to conflict with the rights of 'The Koochiching
Company,' which had been authorized by Congress to construct a dam across
Rainy River, and as it embraced certain waters which appeared to be under the
supervisory authority of the Secretary of War, the matter was submitted to the
Secretary of War for consideration and a report. There follows the repl5' of the
Secretary of War: —

' I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 3rd
instant, enclosing copy of a communication from the commissioner of the General
Land Office, with tracing on which is delineated certain reservoirs and canals
proposed to be constructed by the Minnesota Canal and Power Company, and
for which the Company has applied for a right of way under the provisions of an
act of Congress approved February 15, 1901, also asking to be informed regarding
the rights of a company known as the Koochiching Companj^, which has been
authorized to construct a dam across Rainy River, and whether the waters pro-
posed to be utilized by the Minnesota Canal and Power Company come within
the supervisory authority of the Secretary of War.'

Replying thereto, I beg to inform you that the Chief of Engineers, U.S.
Army, to whom the matter was referred, reports under date of 9th instant, as
follows : —

'By acts approved May 4, 1898, May 4, 1900, and June 28, 1902, Congress
authorized the Koochiching Company to construct a dam, canal and works
necessarily incident thereto, for water-power purposes, across the Rainy Lake
River, at any part of the rapids in Sec. 27, T. 71 N., R. 24 W., of the 4th principal
meridian, in the State of Minnesota. In pursuance of this authority the Secre-
tary of War, under date of December 15, 1900, approved the plan and location of
the proposed dam, subject to the following conditions:

'That the dam shall be so constructed that a suitable lock for navigation
purposes may be built in connection therewith on the American side of the river.

That suitable booms for guiding logs through the log sluice shall be provided
and the fishway shall be constructed in a manner satisfactory to the engineer offi-
cer in charge of the district.'

'Rainj' River (or Rainy Lake River, so called), is the outflowing stream from
Rainy Lake and its waters flow into the Lake of the Woods. The river forms a

I\TERNATWXAL ^yATERWAY8 COMMISSION U59

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

part of the international boundary between the United States and the Dominion
of Canada, and is understood to be a navigable water, as defined by the Supreme
Court of the United States. There are submitted herewith copies of letters from
representatives of the Koochiching Company, describing the conditions on the
river, and setting forth the project of that company. I am unable to say whe-
ther the project of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company would interfere
with the rights of the Koochiching Company, as alleged ; but, in my opinion, as
the river is a navigable waterway in which both the United States and the
Dominion of Canada are intersected, anj' project that would be likely to interfere
■with the navigable capacity of the stream should have the sanction not only of
this Government, but also of the Government of Canada.

'The project of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company, as indicated by
the tracing, contemplates the utilization of the waters of the St. Louis river,
which is also a navigable water of the United States, and is understood to be navi-
gable in both the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. The portion of the river
within the limit of the proposed operations of the company has a good navigable
depth. From the Duluth Ship Canal for a distance of ten miles, the depth in the
river is 20 feet, thence up to New Duluth the depth is twelve feet and from New
Duluth to Fond du Lac the available depth is about seven feet. The construc-
tion of a dam or dams across the St. Louis river comes within the purview of sec-
tion 9 of the River and Harbor Act of March 3, 1899, and would be unlawful un-
less specially authorized by Congress. The diversion of water, or any projects
which involve the modification of the course, location, condition or capacity of
the river, comes within the purview of section 10 of the said act, and would be
unlawful unless authorized by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War.'

The copies of letters referred to by the chief of Engineers are transmitted
herewith, and the tracing which accompanies your letter is returned as requested.'

Many of the public lands affected by the right of way were withdrawn for
the proposed Lake Superior Forest Reserve prior to the filing of the company's
said application, so that a special agent of this office was directed,

'to examine the proposed right of way and report what work has been per-
formed in connection with the enterprise, the necessity for the right of way,
and whether the proposed enterprise will interfere in any manner with the proper
occupation of the Reserve by the Government or with the enforcement of the
rules and regulations for the care and management thereof; also, to submit such
other information as may be obtainable and will assist this office in arriving at a
proper conclusion in the consideration of the matter, and state whether there are
any reasons why the application should not be submitted to the Secretary of the
Interior for approval.'

This officer made a most thorough investigation and has submitted a com-
prehensive report. In brief, he finds.

First, that the effect of the diversion of the water from the Rainy River
water-shed will work hardship and often disaster to many industries already
established and dependent upon the flow of said waters in a northerly direction.

Second, that two natural water-powers located on Birch river, each of which
is capable of developing an immense amount of power will be completely destroyed
by a diversion of the water from its present course.

Third, that the proposed diversion of water would deprive many settlers
and inhabitants of the section of country drained by the waters of Birch Lake of
their present means of egress and ingress and render this territory useless so far
as settlement is concerned.

Fourth, that the proposed diversion of water would doubtless give rise to
international complications by reason of the fact that the Rainy river is an
international waterway; also that it would work considerable damage to the
United States Government in its work of developing a harbour at War Road,
Minnesota.

1160 DEPiRTJIEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Fifth, that many, if not all, of the lakes and streams which the company
proposes utilizing, are navigable.

As to the effect on the proposed Lake Superior Forest Reserve, he reports,

'recentlj', I made a trip by canoe over the waters extending over the pro-
posed Lake Superior Forest Reserve and included in the application for a right
of way by the Minnesota Canal and Power Company, and carefully inspected the
same. As a rule, the banks of these lakes and rivers are high and picturesque
and add much to the natural scenery of the river. In some cases, the erection
of reservoirs as proposed by this company would cause small tracts of laud lying
adjacent to the lakes and rivers and within the reserve, to become inundated
and thus destroy the appearance of the shores and kill all vegetation growing
between the present natural water line and that created by the formation of the
reservoirs. It would also mean that waters in these reservoirs and within tke
reserve would be lowered and raised at the will of the corporation, and have no
fixed position as at present, and that the corporation would have to maintain a
force of employees within the reserve to control the dams and the water within
the reservoirs, and, in a measure, have jurisdiction over the government of at
least a portion of the reserve. In my judgment, the Government would exper-
ience considerable trouble in its proper government of the reserve were it to
permit this or any other corporation a foothold within the same.

'At present, the reserve can be reached by a natural water course from
Winton, Minnesota, by canal or pleasure crafts, while, if the right of way were
granted and the water diversion, it could only be reached by way of the Embar-
rass Canal, which, in my opinion is impracticable. For this reason, if no other
were given, the application should be denied.

'The proposed reserve is one of the most picturesque spots in the United
States and, in time, will rival the Yellowstone Park. It is rough, wild and broken
country, connected at all points by a network of lakes and rivers, manj' of which
are not given on the official plans, and composed of a very small amount of
merchantable timber. The reserve already abounds in game, among the larger'
of which are to be found moose, deer, bear,'caribou and panther, and with proper
protection can be made the greatest game preserve within the United States. On
my trip through these waters, dozens of moose and deer were visible along the
shores. To allow a change to be made in the natural condition of these lakes
and waters would be to drive the game outside of the reserve into Canadian
territory. It is a well knowii fact that where lakes and other bodies of water are
made to change their natural appearance, the game will abandon said streams
and congregate elsewhere.

'Further, this company has done no actual work looking to the completion
of its power scheme, except to make its preliminary survey, which, in fact, is a
mere imitation of the former survey made by the Highland Power and Canal
Company, and to begin some condemnation proceedings. They have, as yet,
not turned one foot of earth or caused one day's labour on any of their proposed
dams. They appear to be still trying to get a hold on some territory within the
reserve and elsewhere so as to shut out some rival company should one appear,
and to use this as a leverage in its State condemnation proceedings.

'I believe the department should go slow in granting this concern rights
within the reserve, as there would be no end to the trouble, if an attempt were
made later on to terminate those rights.'

In view of the above reports, this office must reject the said application,
subject to appeal to the Secretary of Interior within sixty days.

Notify the company hereof, and in due time, report in the premises.

There have been filed several protests against the allowance of the said
application, which, in view of its rejection, do not require consideration by this
oflBce. The protestants, however, should be notified of the rejection of the

I\l i:R}fATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSIOX 1161

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

application. Accordingly, you are directed to notify the Enterprise Iron and
Land Company, Frederick B. and Marian A. Spellman, whose protests were
filed in your office and this office will notify the others.

Very respectfully,

(Signed) W. A. RICHARDS,

Commissioner.

EXHIBIT B.

War Department, Washington, D.C, June 15, 1905.

Sir, — Referring to your letter of Dec. 14, 1904, transmitting correspondence
regarding the application of the Minnesota Canal and Power Company for the
use of certain public lands of the United States in connection with the company's
project for the construction of reservoirs and canals for the utilization of the
waters of the Rainy River, St. Louis River and other tributary streams in the
State of Minnesota and replying to your request for opinion whether on the
showing now presented by the company the application should be allowed in
view^pf its possible interference ^vith the navigable capacity of the streams
affected and the work now being done by the Government in developing the
harbour at War Road, Minnesota; also whether the project comes within the
purview of section 10 of the River and Harbour Act, March 3, 1899, and whether
the construction of the contemplated dams and streams in the Rainy River Drain-
age require the authorization or approval of the Secretary of War provided by
Section 9, of same Act; I have the honour to invite your attention to the enclosed
report, dated the 7th inst, by Chief of Engineers, concerning the question
presented and to enclose copies of reports of Maj. G. McDerby and Maj. C. L.
Potter, Corps of Engineers, the District engineer officers.

From paragraph 4, of the letter of the Chief of Engineers, it will be noted
that'the following conclusions are reached.

a. That Birch Lake and its connecting streams to the International bound-

ary line, and the St. Louis River, are navigable waters of the United
States.

b. That the construction of dams across, and the diversion of water from,

any of these streams comes within the purview of the laws enacted by
Congress for the preservation and protection of navigable water.

Report 2.

c. That Birch Lake and connecting streams, being wholly within the limits

of the State of Minnesota, dams may be built thereon under the author-
ity of the laws of the state, provided the plans of the structures are
submitted to and approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secre-
tary of War, as required by section 9 of the act, and that the waters of
these streams ma}^ be diverted if the work is recommended by the Chief
of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of War, as provided by
section 10 of said act.

d. That the contemplated diversion of the waters of the St. Louis river,
without the construction of a dam mav also be authorized by the aforesaid section
10 of the Act of March 9, 1899.

1162 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Attention is also invited to the other features pertaining to the application
of the company discussed by the Chief of Engineers in his report.

The papers submitted with your letter of Dec. 4 last are herewith returned.

(Signed) ROBERT SHAW OLIVER,

Acting Secretary of War.

The Hon. Secretary of the Interior,

Washington, D.C.

Enclosures 7 to 12 of 6753, 2 enclosures, unmarked.

EXHIBIT 'C

State of Minnesota, ]

[ss
County of St. Louis. J

James J. Darcy being first duly sworn on oath deposes and says: That he is
a resident of said St. Louis County and more than 21 years of age; that he is a
cruiser, explorer and timber estimator ; that for the past seven or eight years he has
been continuouslj' employed in such business and during a large part of such time
has been occupied in cruising and exploring along the Canadian frontier in the
neighbourhood of Basswood Lake; that he is perfectly familiar with the waters of
said Basswood Lake and its tributaries and knows from actual experience on the
ground, the sources of such water supply, the character of the waters, their
navigability, &c.;

That Basswood Lake is a navigable body of water extending along the Cana-
dian border for a distance of over fifteen miles and having several long indenta-
tions to the south ; that all of these inlets are also navigable and the whole body
of water has been used and is now being used for towing logs to a point located
in Section 20-64-10 where they are transformed to a logging railroad and trans-
ported a distance of four miles to mills located on Fall Lake; that a tug drawing
six feet of water is now used for such purposes of towing logs and also for carrying
freight over said Lake; that Basswood Lake empties into Crooked River and
thence into Crooked Lake.

That Bas.swood Lake derives its water supply from the following sources:
From the streams flowing south-westerly from the portage in Section 24, Town-
ship 66 North of Range 6 West of the Fourth Principal Meridian through Knife
Lake and Carp Ijake and thence into the small stream located in Sections 1 and
2, Township 64 North of Range 9 West (Prairie Portage) where the waters are
joined by certain waters flowing north-easterly through Moose Lake and New-
found Lake; that all of these waters are not large in quantity and do not drain
any large tract of land for the reason that the streams upon Hunters Island flow
northward and for the further reason that the streams northwesterly from the
divide in Section 24, Towmship 66, North of Range 6 West flow to the north of
Hunters Island ; that Wind Lake and Urn Lake connect with southerly arms of
Basswood Lake by small creeks or rivulets but do not add materially to the
volume of water in Basswood Lake; that the same is true of the small area
drained by a creek that empties into the westerly arm of Basswood Lake at a
point near the dividing line between Sections 8 and 17 in To^aiship 64 Range 1 1 ;
that with the exception of these insignificant supplies last mentioned and tlie
more considerable supply flowing from the north-east through Knife Lake as

IXTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1163

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

above mentionei!, Rasswooil Lake gets all its water supply through Fall lake;
that in the opinion of the affiant ;, of the waters of Basswood Lake empty into
the Lake through Fall Lake; that in the opinion of the affiant very great damage
would result to the navigable capacity of Basswood lake by the diversion of the
streams flowing into the same through Fall lake and that the final result of
such diversion would be entirely to destroy the navigability for usefulness of
Basswood lake.

JAMES J. DARCY.
Subscribed and sworn to before me
this 28th day of March, 1905.

Wilson J. Crosby,

Notary Public, St. Louis County,

Minnesota.

EXHIBIT 'D.'
State of Minnesota,

!s

^ss
County of St. Louis. J

Richard H. Fagan being first duly sworn says that he is now and for the past
twenty-two years has been a resident of the County of St. Louis; that the affiant
became interested in timber and iron lands located in the Counties of St. Louis,
Lake and Cook; that during all of the aforesaid period of twentj^-two years the
business of the affiant has required that he should himself get first-hand know-
ledge of the facts relating to the natural features of said three counties by obser-
vation upon the ground; that in the course of his said work the affiant's special
attention has been directed to the northern part of said counties lying near the
Canadian border; that it has become necessary in connection with the affiant's
timber and iron interests to make a study of the natural flow of the waters run-
ning northward and emptying into the streams along the Canadian boundary as
a source of waterways for getting logs to market; that the affiant is thoroughly
famihar with the water courses and with the lands in the Counties of St. Louis,
Lake and Cook which are directly affected by the plans of the Minnesota Canal
and Power Company; that during the winter the affiant has examined the topo-
graphy of the country in which said lands are .situated with reference to its
timber and during the summer season with reference to its iron formation;
that the affiant has made several trips to the north of Hunters Island (so-called)
lying across the Canadian border in examining and selecting iron properties
and is familiar with the topography thereof;

That the affiant is particularly familiar with Basswood lake and its
tributaries and its sources of water supply;

That Basswood lake is a navigable body of water extending along the
Canadian border for a distance of over fifteen miles and having several long
indentations to the south; that all of these inlets are also navigable and the whole
body of water has been used and is now being used for towing logs to a point
located in Section 20-64-10 where they are transferred to a logging railroad and
transported a distance of four miles to mills located on Fall lake; that a tug
drawing six feet of water is now used for such purpose of towing logs and also for

1164 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A.~1913

carrying freight over said lake; that Baswood lake empties into Crooked river
and thence into Crooked lake;

That the said Basswood Lake, in the opinion of the affiant, derives ^ of its
water supplj"^ from Fall Lake waters; that practically all of such water supply
comes through Fall lake except such as is received from the streams flowing
southwesterly from the portage in Section 24 Township 66 North of Range 6
West of the Fourth Principal Meridian through Knife lake and Carp lake
whose waters are adjoined at the portage located in Sections 1 and 2 Township
64 North of Range 9 West by certain waters flowing northeasterly through Moose
lake and Ne'«'found lake; that in the opinion of the affiant all of such waters
including those just mentioned do not furnish more than ^ of the water supply
of Basswood lake;

That in the opinion of the affiant the permanent diversion of the waters
emptying into Fall lake would destroy the navigability of Basswood lake ; that
the effect of any temporary holding back of the Fall lake waters is shown by an
immediate lowering of the waters of said Basswood lake; that the formation at
the outlet of Bagswood lake on the west is such that the lake would be in a short
time nearly drained by the permanent diversion of such waters ;

That the affiant has carefully examined the plans of the Minnesota Canal and
Power Company with reference to the diversion of waters proposed by it and is
-xonvinced tliat the carrjdng out of such plans would result in a practical destruct-
ion of the four following water powers: That upon Birch river in Sections 18
and 19 Townships 62 Range 11; that in Section 32 Township 63, Range 11,
owned by the affiant and others; the Kawashachong falls located in Section 20
Township 63, Range 11; Curtain falls 18 miles north of Ely on the International
boundary ; that all of said falls have a direct, present and large value by reason
of the neighbourhood of the mines of the Vermilion and Mesaba ranges on
account of the possibility of the use in such mines of the electric power which can
be produced from said water powers ; that the iron bearing propert j' of the affiant
and others located in Section 30-63-11 could be operated entirely by the electric
power which could be developed from the water power located in Section 32
above referred to; that the City of Ely located only a few miles from the two
largest water powers above noted has a present demand for a large part of the
power that could be developed from the largest water power above mentioned;
that most of the mines located on the Vermilion and Mesaba ranges now use
steam power produced from coal brought from Pennsylvania, transhipped either
at Duluth or Two Harbours and conveyed by rail a distance of 100 or 125 miles;
that the large cost of such steam power renders the aforesaid water powers not
only available but exceedingly valuable; that one of the purposes of the Minne-
sota Canal and Power Company is to bring the water to Duluth, convert it into
electric power and then take the power back 150 miles to these ranges; that in the
opinion of the affiant such a destruction of natural water powers for such a
visionary scheme should not be permitted by the Government.

RICHARD H. FAGAN.

Subscribed and sworn to before me
this 31st day of March, 1905.

H. H. HoYT,
Notary Public, St. Louis County,
Minnesota.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1165

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

EXHIBIT 'E.'

>ss

i

State of Minnesota,

County of St. Louis. J

Martin Dillon being first duly sworii on oath deposes and says : That he is a
resident of said St. Louis County and that his business is that of a cruiser and
explorer of iron and timber lands; that he began the business of exploring in the
month of June, 1882, and has continued in such business ever since; that he is
very familiar with the lands lying along the Canadian border, north-east and
north-west of Fall lake; that he has canoed through the waters of the above
territory and especially through Basswood lake and its various branches, the
Crooked lake and Knife lake and is thoroughly familiar with the streams and
lakes flowing northward which empty into Basswood lake through Fall lake;
that Basswood lake is a navigable body of water extending along the Canadian
border for a distance of over fifteen miles and having several long indentations
to the south; that all of these inlets are also navigable and the whole body of
water has been used and is now being used for towing logs to a point located in
Section 20-64-10 where they are transferred to a logging railroad and trans-
ported a distance of four miles to mills located on Fall lake; that a tug drawing
six feet of water is now used for such purpose of' towing logs and also for carry-
ing freight over said lake; that Basswood lake empties into Crooked river and
thence into Crooked lake.

That Basswood lake derives its water supply from the following sources: .
From the streams flowing southwesterly from the portage in Section 24, Township
66 North of Range 6 West of the Fourth Principal Meridian through Knife lake
and Carp lake and thence into the small stream located in Sections 1 and 2,
Township 64 North of Range 9 West (Prairie Portage) where the waters are
joined by certain waters flowing north-easterly through Moose lake and New-
found lake; that all of these waters are not large in quantity and do not drain
any large tract of land for the reason that the streams upon Hunters island
flow northward and for the further reason that the streams northwesterly from
the divide in Section 24, Township 66 North of Range 6 West flow to the North
of Hunters island; That Wind lake and Urn lake connect with southerly arms
of Basswood lake by small creeks or rivulets but do not add materially to the
volume of water in Basswood lake ; that the same is true of the small area drained
by a creek that empties into the westerly arm of Basswood I-ake at a point near
the dividing line between Sections 8 and 17 in Township 64 Range 11 ; that with
the exception of these insignificant supplies last mentioned and the more con-
siderable supply flowing from the north-east through Knife lake as above men-
tioned, Basswood lake gets all its water supply through Fall lake; that in the
opinion of the affiant | of the waters of Basswood Lake empty into the lake
through Fall lake; that in the opinion of the affiant very great damage would
result to the navigable capacity of Basswood lake by the diversion of the stream
flowing into the same through Fall lake and that the final result of such diversion
woidd be, entirely to destroy the navigability for usefulness of Basswood lake.

MARTIN DILLON.

Subscribed and sworn to before me this
28th day of March, 1905.

Wilson G. Crosby,
Notary Public, St. Louis County,
Minnesota.
19a— 80

1166 DEPARTUEVT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

EXHIBIT 'F.'

State of Minnesota, 1

Us
County of St. Louis. J

William Shoop being first duly sworn says that he is a resident of the State
of Minnesota and over twenty-one years of age; that his business for the past
twenty-eight years has been cruising, exploring and lumbering; that during said
time he has had large experience in all branches of the lumbering industry and
as a cruiser and woodsman; that for the past six j-ears he has been engaged in
this business on the International boundary from Fall lake northward and east-
ward; that at the present time he has entire charge of getting the.logs to the mill
from the point where they are cut for a large logging firm doing business near the
boundary on the American side; that the usual course of this business as now
being conducted is to float the logs to Prairie Portage at the eastern extremity of
Basswood lake whence they are towed a distance of about ten miles to Section
20, Township 64, Range 10 West where they are transferred to a logging railroad
and transported a distance of four miles to mills located on Fall lake; that timber
has also been taken under the superintendence of the affiant from other points
on Basswood lake as far west as Townships 64-11 and 65-11 West of the Fourth
P.M., and towed to the same point in Section 20-64-10 above referred to; that the
affiant is very familiar by reason of the aforesaid lumbering operations during the
past six years with Basswood lake and its tributaries over its entire extent; that
. the tug referred to above is the only steam vessel now navigating Basswood
lake, draws six feet of water and is used for towing logs and carrying freight;
that the extreme length of Basswood lake along the boundary from Prairie
Portage on the east to the outlet into Crooked river on the west is over fifteen
miles; that said lake contains in addition to the waters along the boundary several
deep bays all of which are navigable to their extremity bj^ the tug above men-
tioned and all of which can be used to float logs from the lands bordering thereon;
that Basswood lake obtains its water supply through Fall lake. Moose lake,
Snowbank lake and Carp lake; that in the opinion of the affiant three-fourths
of such supply at least comes into Basswood lake through Fall lake; that
affiant has often observed that when the dam located upon Section 20, in Town-
ship 63, North of Range 11 West was shut down the water in Basswood lake
would in from twenty-four to forty-eight hours begin to fall at the rate of about
an inch in twenty-four hours and would continue falling at this rate or somewhat
less until the dam was raised; that the time during which the dam remained shut
was never sufficient to enable the affiant to state what would be the extreme lower-
ing which would result from permanently diverting the waters of Fall lake from
Basswood lake but that in the opinion of the affiant such lowering would be
approximately two feet over the whole area of Basswood lake ; that there are reefs
and bars at various points in Basswood lake which interfere to some extent with
its navigation; that a lowering of the waters of Basswood lake two feet would
very seriously interfere with such navigation.

WILLIAM F. SHOOP.

Subscribed and sworn to before me this
22nd day of March, 1905.

Wilson G. Crosby,
Notary Public, St. Louis County,
Minnesota.

INTERNATToyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1167

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

THE CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL..

The question of the Chicago Drainage Canal is dealt with in a report of the
Commission which is to be found at page of this volume. Public hearings

were held on the matter in Buffalo, N.Y., on June 26, 1906, and in Chicago, 111.,
on October 17, 1906.

Meeting of the International Waterways Commission held at the ofBce of
the American Section, 328 Federal Building, Buffalo, N.Y., on Tuesday, June
26, 1906, 10 A.M.

Present: American Section Gen. O. H. Ernst, Chairman; Hon. George
Clinton; L. C. Sabin, Secretary.

Canadian Section: Hon. George C. Gibbons; Hon. W. F. King; Hon. Louis
Coste; Thomas Cote, Secretary.

Chairman Ernst: The Commission will please come to order. The first
subject which we will take up this morning will be the Chicago drainage canal.
Mr. Isham Randolph, the chief engineer, is present and the Commission will
first hear from him.

Mr. Isham Randolph: Mr. Chairman, I think you are familiar in a general
way with the sanitary work of Chicago. You know that this work i« to the inter-
est of the health of the citizens of Chicago. From the building of the City up to
1900 all the sewage discharged into Lake Michigan. From that lake the water
supply of the city was also drawn. In 1886 Mayor Harrison appointed a Cora-
mission to consider the subject of Chicago's water supply. That Commission
was headed by Mr. Rudolph Herring of Philadelphia. His associates were Mr.
Samuel G. Artingstall, the City Engineer of Chicago, Mr. Benezette Williams and
Mr. L. E. Cooley. (This statement is incorrect in that Mr. L. E. Cooley was
principal assistant to the Commission of which Mr. Rudolph Herring was chief
engineer and Messrs. Williams and Arlingstall members. L.C.S.) These
gentlemen investigated the subject committed to them quite exhaustively; they
prepared a preliminary report, which was published, and was to have been follow-
ed by a final report giving the results of all of their research. A change of admin-
istration brought a change of policy and the funds were never supplied for pub-
lishing this final report, so that we do not know what it would have contained.
The preliminary report, as I remember — it was only in 1900 that I first saw the
preliminary report; I found one of the original members had a copy of it and he
loaned it to me to read. As I remember that report three things were considered;
they considered the advisability of putting an intercepting sewer along the Lake
front which would collect all the sewage of Chicago and conduct it to the extreme
end of Lake Michigan where it was to be pumped into the lake; the intakes from
which the water supply was to be derived was to be situated as far as was con-
sistent and reasonable, thus divorcing the source of supply from the source of
pollution as far as possible.

As an alternative to this it was proposed, instead of pumping the sewage
back into the lake, to establish a land disposal system and pump this sewage on
the land. The estimated cost of this, as I remember, was something like $75,000-
000,000, with an annual maintenance cost of $2,000,000.

The third alternative was that of reveri^ing the Chicago River and discharg-
ing it into the Desplaines river at a point in Will county about 28 miles south of
Chicago.

The divide between the watersheds of Lake Michigan and the watersheds
of the Desplaines and Illinois Rivers, was a very low point; the lowest place in
this divide was 11-72 feet above Chicago datum Chicago datum was low water
19a— 80|

1168 DEPARTMENT OF PVBLW WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

of 1847, or, rather, it was a datum plane established by the. engineers who built
the Illinois and Michigan Canal. That canal was commenced in 1836 and opened
for navigation in 1848, and it so happened that the low water of 1847 coincided
with the datum plane established by the engineers of the canal.

After the dissolution of this Commission the agitation continued, until 1889
legislation was procured from the State of Illinois authorizing the establishment
of Sanitary districts, who should be empowered to take water from Lake Michi-
gan for the purpose of sanitation. This sanitary district law provided that any
sanitary district taking water from Lake Michigan should provide a flow equiva-
lent to 20,000 cubic feet per minute for every hundred thousand inhabitants
draining into the canal. The Sanitarj'^ districts of Chicago was organized in
December, 1889; the Board consisted of nine members elected by the people of
the Sanitary district. This Board had very large powers. It could le'vy taxes,
levy them of course by the law which created the district the original proposition
being th.at the tax levied should be one-fourth of one per cent upon the assessed
valuation of the property within the district. They were permitted to sell
bonds up to a limit of five per cent of the assessed valuation of the district.

With these powers, the district proceeded, the trustees proceeded to buy a
right of way from Chicago to Joliet. They perfected a plan for this channel
there in 1892, on the third day of September, the first ground was broken on the
county line of Cook County. The work progressed until it was almost entirely
completed in December, 1899. At this time we learned that there was a decided
movement on the part of St. Louis to enjoin the opening of the channel, to go
before the United States Supreme Court and prevent the opening. On the 16th
of January, 1900, we learned that they had actually sent their representatives to
Washington to sue out this injunction before the Supreme Court. On the
morning of the 17th we succeeded in getting permission from the Governor of
the State to open the channel, and on that morning the dam was lowered and the
flow of water from Lake Michigan to the Gulf of Mexico commenced and has
continued ever since.

As you are well aware, the low stage of water in the lakes is in the winter
months. Opening in January the water began to flow when the lake was at its
lowest stage. The water rose to its maximum height the following summer.
Of course had the reverse been the case, the unthinking public would at once have
charged the sanitary district with lowering the lakes; if we had opened in the
summer time and the lakes receded according to their fixed flow, we would have
been charged with the recision at once.

I had no connection, at the time this law was passed, with the enterprise.
I do not know how this volume of 20,000 cubic feet of water a minute per hun-
dred thousand inhabitants was arrived at, other than I have learned from Mr.
Cooley, who was at that time connected with the district and very largely
responsible for the passage of the law. I have learned from him that it was the
result of exhaustive examination of reports based upon research made by scien-
tists in England and on the continent, and as the result of that research, 20,000
cubic feet per minute was agreed upon as a proper volume. I have made no
personal research in this direction.

Prior to the opening of our channel we arranged with the University of
Chicago and the University of Illinois to make a long series of tests of water in
the Illinois-Michigan canal and the Desplaines-Illinois river, to determine the
condition of that water both chemically and bacteriologically.

After the opening of the channel the tests were made and carried on for the
same period. They were very exhaustive, probably the most exhaustive inves-
tigations that have ever been made in that direction. Those results are all
published and are all available and any of you gentlemen who care to have copies
I would be glad to furnish copies to you. As I say, I have made no personal

INTERNATIONAL ^\■ATERWAY8 COMMISSION 1169

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

research in this direction. Some months ago a gentleman from New York, who
is very well known in the scientific world, wrote us for a copy of these tests, Mr,
Allen Hazen; you all know him; and recently on April 30th, he wrote me the fol-
lowing letter:

"April 30, 1906.

" Mr. Isham Randolph,

" Chief Engineer Chicago Sanitary District,
'■' Chicago,, Illinois.

" Dear Sir, — Some time ago you kindly sent me data as to the flows and popu-
lation tributary to sewers reaching the Chicago Drainage Canal and the Illinois
and Michigan canal. These I have combined with the published analyses for
the years 1900 and 1901 in The Chemical Survey of the Waters of Illinois, 1903,
and in Report of Streams Examination, 1903, and have made the following
computations. In computing these amounts the normal amomits of the various
substances present in Lake Michigan water have been deducted in each case.

Population contributing 1,443,789.

YEAR 1900.

KiLOGBAMS PeK DaY.

Illinois &

Michigan

canal.

Main

drainage

canal.

Total
for both
canals.

Grams per
capita
daily.

Chlorine

Free ammonia

Albuminoid ammonia

Organic nitrogen

Total nitrogen

143,900

14,350

2,020

- 4, 135

84,000

12,200

2,475

6,590

227,900

26,650

4,495

10,725

37,000

157

18-4

3-1

7-4

25-6

Population contributing, 1,494,300.

YEAR 1901.

Chlorine 169,500

Free ammonia 20,310

Albuminoid ammonia 1,080

Organic nitrogen 1,

Total nitrogen •

90,950

260,450

174

17,400

37,710

25-3

3,335

4,415

30

9,018

10,987

7-3

-

47,633

32

'■ I am interested to see what a large proportion of the sewage was carried by
the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The per capita amounts of the various substances
are very much larger than is indicated by previous experience. For total
nitrogen figures ranging from 12 to 15 grams per capita daily have been usually
found for Eastern and European cities, when reckoned on the population actually
tributary to the sewers; and for chlorine 25 to 50 grams per capita is all that has
been indicated by previous experience. These figures refer to sewages which
contain manufacturing wastes of various kinds: the figures for domestic sewages
alone are 10 to 11 grams per capita daily for nitrogen, and 10 to 20 for chlorine.

1170 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

' It seems then that the sewage from Chicago is about twice as strong, when
j udged by the chlorine, as the average sewage of the other manufacturing cities
for which data are at hand. I am very much interested in this, and would
like very much to find the cause of the excess. The stock-yards might possibly
account for it, but if so, contributions from them must equal or exceed in pollut-
ing power the whole of the normal sewage from the citj', if it is no stronger
than other citj' sewage has been found to be.

■' I am trying to put the data in shape so that the amount of the various
polluting substances can be taken into account in figuring what must be taken
care of, and with a view to applying the experimental results which we have
to these quantities, and in that way perhaps getting a more accurate indication
of the size of purification plants required than has been possible where only
the volume has been taken into account. These results, while somewhat unset-
tling, becau.se of the large variation from previous figures, are most interesting;
and I am extremely obliged to you for the data upon which they rest.

" Very truly yours,

"Allen Hazen."

The original proposition was that the Chicago river should be reversed
and its flow sent down the Illinois Valley. A channel capable of carrjdng 600,000
cubic feet of water per minute was constructed. The first seven miles of that,
7-8 miles, from Robey Street to Summit, is not of full capacity; that portion of
the channel was through clay which could be easily and cheaply dredged, so that
provision was made there for only 400,000 originally; that is to be widened.
The work of the Chicago river is now about eighty per cent completed, possibly
a little more; the river has been widened 200 feet and deepened 26 feet. The
depth at the dock is 1 6 feet and increasing to 26 feet 50 feet from the dock. The
formulas by which these channels were figured were not adapted to channels
of such large dimension and we find by actual measurement actual test of the
flow, that the channel has a greater capacity than it was figured upon. The
main channel can easily carrj^ over 800,000 cubic feet, instead of 600,000 as it
was figured upon. If the only stream was discharging into Lake Michigan
through the Chicago river the original project would have been sufficient.
But in the city limits is a stream very similar to Chicago river, a stream which
in dry seasons has very little flow. In dry seasons the current in the river is
largely a question of wind. I have seen a very rapid current flowing up stream
as the result of a wind blowing on shore from the lake. South Chicago has become
to a large extent the main port of the city where most of its wheat and corn,
products of that nature, coal, etc., are handled. That portion of the city is
growing very rapidly; manufacturing plants are springing up all along the
Calumet River. Sewers are being built discharging into this river. Everything
points to the time when that river must be reversed as the Chicago river has been,
if the water supply of Chicago is to he preserved intact. This is not a necessity
today. At present the sewage flows into the river, lies there until there comes a
freshet to sweep it out into the lake; then a very foul condition is created within
quite a radius to the mouth of the river. Those who have charge of this
work must look to the future as well as to the present. We must see the time
when this region will be a populous one just as the main city of Chicago is today,
and make provision for what is to come, and not only the sewage that is created
in our ovm state of Illinois, but just across the border in the State of Indiana
immense industries are being developed, vast populations are centering there and
the topography is such that this sewage drains into the Calumet river and we
must not only take care of the pollution we create ourselves but the topography
of the situation compels us to take care of the pollution created by our neighbors

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1171

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

as well. These things are things of the future. Three years ago we went before
the Illinois Legislature with a bill which authorized the reversal of the flow of the
Calumet river and the building of a canal from the north branch of Chicago
river through Evanston so as to take care of nil the sewage that was created in
the northern suburbs as far as the county line of Cook county. This canal
has to be fed by pumping, the lake lieing at the same elevation at Evanston
as it is at Chicago and there will be no flow, simply a stagnation if we did not
pump it; so if you establish at Evanston a pumping plant of 60,000 cubic feet of
water per minute which is pumped into this canal, this discharge comes in the
north branch of the Chicago river, the north branch meets the main branch of
the Chicago river near Lake Street, what is called the Forks, about a mile in
from the lake froiat. The south. branch of the Chicago river is being improved
to care for a flow of 480,000 cubic feet of water per minute at a velocity of a
mile and a ciuarter per hour. The Evanston canal will come into this south
fork, hence the flow through the main river will be diminished by just the amount
of the contribution from Evanston, because the flow of the two coming together
must pass through this 480,000 cubic foot channel, so that what comes from the
northwest must choke off a corresponding volume coming directly in from the
lake, so that that canal does not take any more water from Lake Michigan than
would flow through the main river if it was not constructed. It is proposed to
take through the Calumet channal, when built, about 240,000 cubic feet of
water per minute; that is about as little as we could get along with, and also as
much as we could take care of through our main channel. These are the plans
of the district, gentlemen, and you are as familiar as I am with the conditions of
the great lakes, and I do not know that I could say anything with regard to
that, but it may be interesting to you to see a chart prepared from data collected
by the United States engineers, showing the fluctuations on the lakes for long
periods of years. (Hands a blue-print to each member of the commission.)
Unless you have some question to ask, which I may or may not be able to answer,
I am through.

Chairmain Ernst: — Mr Randolph, one of the essential points is the neces-
sity for these quantities of water. Assuming that you have once reversed the
flow — you have done that now with the Chicago river, and it is a comparatively
easy matter to do it with the other; after it had once been done, the water
supply of Chicago is protected. The question after that is the dilution of the
sewage.

Mr. Randolph: — Yes, sir.

Chairman Ernst:— So far as the water supply of Chicago is concerned, it
is protected the moment you have reversed those flows.

Mr. Randolph: — Chicago is protected. The question is, how much of
a damage there is to the people below us.

Chairman Ernst: — The doubt in my mind is, where is the authority for
taking these quantities called for in the State law; can you give us any light
on that? You have touched on it rather lightly.

Mr. Randolph: — I touched upon it lightly, due to my ignorance.

Chairman Ernst: — After the water supply is once protected, the main
thing then has been accomplished, and after that it is a question simply of the
City of Joliet, — is there anybody else?

Mr. R.^ndolph: — The City of Joliet and in the Illinois valley, all down
through there.

1172 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

ChairmanlEHNST : — They are protected sufficiently by the time it gets
down there.

Mr. Randolph: — I do not think that Peoria will have anything to fear.

Commissioner Gibbons: — I did not quite understand what was the esti-
mate you thought would be required when you get the works completed, how
much per second?

Mr. Randolph: — About fourteen thousand cubic feet per second.

Commissioner Coste: — What are j'ou going to do when you reach the
limit?

Mr. Randolph: — Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. I hope
somebody will develop something by that time to help us out.

Commissioner Coste : — What is the limit, Air. Randolph?

Mr. Randolph : — The limit to what?

Commissioner Coste : — The limit to the amount of water that you can
take care of.

Mr. Randolph: — I think the limit will be reached when we take what
we are asking for, — 14,000 per second.

Commissioner Coste: — That would be the ultimate limit?

Mr. Randolph: — Yes.

Commissioner Gibbons: — Have you provided for the use of any of this
water for power purposes?

Mr. Randolph: — Yes, sir.

Commissioner Gibbons: — Does not that necessitate the use of a greater
quantity of water?

Mr. Randolph: — No, sir.

Commissioner Gibbons: — ^Will you explain that? That is one of the
objections to the scheme, that you are asking for it for power purposes.

Mr. Randolph: — At the time that I took charge of this work thirteen
years ago, after I had a chance to grasp it, I saw in the vicinity of Lockport
there was an opportunity to develop a great water power. I came on the first
vacation I got to Niagara and spent a few days there with the engineers and the
electrician. I went back and made a report to my board of the possibilities, and
the report was read, and one man got up and wanted to know what business I
had running around the country looking after water power that I was employed
to build a drainage canal; and another jumped up and wanted to know
what right I had spending money of this district looking after water power,
that was entirely beyond my jurisdiction. I said, "Gentlemen, I haven't spent
a moment of your time nor any of your money. I have spent my own time and
my own money; but the time will come when you will appreciate this report."
My idea was this, that here was a great waste of power; the people had spent
millions of money to create this channel ; there was a possibility of recouping in
a small way for this great outlay. And I finally got my people to recognize
these possibilities and get permission from the State of Illinois to develop
this power. Now, the water is there whether we use it or not.

Commissioner Gibbons: — Do you not use more by that?

Mr. Randolph: — No, sir, not a gallon more. This same idea occurred to
our Congressman, and I had a letter asking if we didn't want this water for power

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1173

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

purposes? I wrote him a statement and I told him I thought we could hardly
afiford to pay twelve hundred dollars a horse power for water.

Chairman Ernst: — The only point in mentioning that at all would be
this, in having a channel once constructed, it would be a natural thing to use
it for the total capacity. You never would build a channel for that purpose,
but having it built, you might find it would carry more water than the sanitary
necessities might require and you might use it for power purposes.

Mr. Randolph: — Yes, sir.

Chairman Ernst: — Your idea is that fourteen thousand cubic feet a
second is the limit that can be used in this method of disposing of the sewage; if
you have more population and that isn't sufficient, you have got to do something
else?

Mr. Randolph: — Yes, sir.

Chairman Ernst : — The Commission would like to hear from Mr. Weller,
the commissioner of the Department of Canals.

F"' Mr. Weller:— Mr. Chairman, the proposition of the Chicago sanitary
district as laid down by Mr. Randolph this morning neglects altogether to
mention the effect of the withdrawal of this water from the lakes, that is,
the effect on the navigation.

The Dominion of Canada has spent a very large sum of money in building
canals. Commencing in 1829, the Welland canal was completed, and since
then they have spent some seventy-five or eighty million dollars in perfecting
the canal system. The withdawal of this water from Lake Michigan will, I
am satisfied, lower the level of the lakes a certain amount, how much I am
unable to say, but there is no question whatever in my mind but that it will
lower it some, and in doing so it will affect our canal system, not only on Lake
Erie as represented by the Welland canal, but I believe more so down the St.
Lawrence canals. Computations have been made I believe showing the water
will lower in Lake Erie from four to seven inches. Either one of these lowerings,
if permanent, would be disastrous to the Welland canal. We have barely
water enough now, owing to the gradual lowering of the mean level of the
lakes in the last few years, irrespective of the Chicago drainage canal, and
we have spent in the last five years some million or more on the upper level
of the Welland canal to deepen it to what has become the normal, to give us
working depth at the normal level of the lake, or in fact, low level. We have
not quite accomplished this at the very lowest stages, but nearly so.

The St. Lawrence canals will I consider be very much affected by this
withdrawal of water, even more so than the Welland canal.

I understood Mr. Randolph to say that the withdrawal of the water would
not affect the lakes. Now, that doesn't seem to me to be reasonable at all,
for any one to bring up such a proposition. The level of the lakes, as I under-
stand them, depend entirely upon the relation between the amount of water
flowing through them, and the area, the shape of the barrier or the orifice at the
barrier, for instance, at Buffalo.. The amount of water which flows down there
and the shape and area of the opening regulate entirely the level of the lake.
If you reduce the water flow, you must lower the lake level. The question of
how much is a matter of calculation which engineers may or may lot be able
to make accurately. The same thing occurs in the lower canals, and in such a
large number of places down there. Here we can regulate Lake Erie in one
spot; but down on the lower canals, there are probabl}'- six or seven different
places which are affected, different canals, and I think that in any proposition
to withdraw water entirely from the lakes, that some arrangement should be

1174 departme:!t of pvblic works

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

made, before any privilege is granted, by which the levels of the lakes and the
rivers will be kept up to protect the Department of Railways and Canals in
the large expenditures that they have made; that is a question that should be
very seriously considered.

I remember in 1895, at the time of low water, very low water, that had
there been a withdrawal then of five per cent of the flow or seven per cent, as
this fourteen thousand foot represents, we would have had no navigation what-
ever; as it was, we had very little. Since then the canals have been deepened,
but not enough to provide for those very low stages.

We did not anticipate many years ago that the lakes would lower as much
as they have. 1895 was an exceptionally low year, I think much below any
previous records, and our new canal sj'stem was then already designed and
nearly finished, consequently we did not provide for this new low stage. If we
have that stage again, with an extra reduction of water diverted caused bj- the
diversion through the Chicago drainage canal, I am afraid we will be in very
bad shape and I think this matter should be taken into serious consideration.

Mr. Randolph: — You entirely misunderstood me if you understood
me to say that I did not believe that this would affect the lakes. I do not see
how you could take water out of a vessel without affecting its level, but this fact
remains, however, that we have been drawing water for six years from the
lake, and the lake has been rising all that time ; the six years that we have been
using this water show a higher stage than the six preceding years, which of
course is simply an excess of rainfall, or, the thing which Gen. Ernst and his
associates call attention to in the report, may have happened; they state that
in severe winters the discharge into St. Clair river is choked and the amount of
water is accumulated.in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan which is about equiva-
lent to the volume taken by the sanitary district canal. If that is true, then
of course the canal would not affect the level during that period; if there comes a
low water period, the canal will affect it.

Commissioner Clinton : — Mr. Weller, will you permit me : You stated
something in reference to water taken from the upper lakes which would affect
their level, unless steps were taken to compensate — -that was not in your lan-
guage ; But I would like to know if you have any means of compensation to
suggest?

Mr. Weller : — No, I may say that I haven't figured out any means. I
am satisfied, however, that means can be adopted.

Commissioner Clinton : — I mean generally : I do not mean any specified
means such as an engineer would make ; but the points at which compensation
could be made?

Mr. Weller : — Yes ; compensation I consider would have to be made at
Buffalo and Cardinal, between Prescott and Cardinal, and near the head of
every canal down the St. Lawrence.

Commissioner Clinton : Could it not be made on the St. Clair, for the
upper lakes?

Mr. Weller : — Yes. But we are not particularly interested in them that
I know of ; we have nothing up there.

Commissioner Clinton : Not at present.

Commissioner Coste : He is only speaking for his Department. His
Department has not canals above the Welland. Of course it would help Georgian
Bay.

INTERNATIoyAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1175

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Commissioner Clinton : — Your idea is that compensation could be made at
Buffalo?

Mr. Weller : — Yes ; and for Lake Ontario and the river stretches.

I may say in reference to Mr. Randolph's remark that the lake has been
rising, it certainly has ; but if Mr. Randolph will study the record he will find
it did not rise like it did in the cj^cle of years previously, and they have not been
lowering it enough to stop the rise altogether. Another reason why the lake
should not have risen, but it hasn't risen as formerly ; in 1904 and 1905 the
water

Mr. Randolph : — I might say that Lake Michigan hovered around datum.

Chairman Ernst : That is such a complicated question. Up on the wall
there is a record for sixty years.

Mr. Randolph : — This summer it stands in Chicago about a foot and a
half above datum, — a foot and four-tenths above datum.

Mr. Livingstone : — This fourteen thousand cubic feet per second, did I
understand you or did I not, Mr. Randolph, that taking fourteen thousand cubic
feet per second would or would not lower the level of the lake.

Mr. Randolph : — As I before stated, I cannot see how you can take water
out of a vessel without lowering it to a certain extent ; and how much that is
compensated by rainfalls and by the choking of the St. Clair River, etc., as alluded
to by this gentleman, I am not prepared to say.

Mr. Livingstone : — I want to say this, that as far as the Lake Carriers posi-
tions is concerned, I would like to make it just clear for a moment. These
engineering questions and problems I am not competent to talk upon, because I
am entirely at sea regarding them and we prefer to leave that to the intelligence
of the United States engineers to determine in whom we have full confidence.
But let me ask you a question : This twenty thousand cubic feet would cover
what population?

Mr. Randolph : — Four million two hundred thousand.

Mr. Livingstone : — I want to say, by way of preface, that as far as the
Lake Carriers Association is concerned, we feel of course that whatever water
is necessary for the sewage and drainage of Chicago and for getting pure water
for the present condition of health, we feel that they ought to have it. But
when it goes beyond that, goes into navigation purposes and great projects to
build up a course of navigation that would tend to benefit the residents of Chicago
and make it a great City at the expense of lowering the lakes and injuring navi-
gation and injuring the balance of the country, that we are naturally opposed
to it. As far as any figures are concerned, I do not assume to say that they are
correct ; but figures that we have had from United States engineers and men of
acknowledged ability, without assuming that their figures are absolutely correct,
it is very natural that it should raise very strong doubts in our minds and grave
fears as to what the results will be to take the fourteen thousand cubic feet per
second. Government engineers have said that in the course of time (not the
first years ; but I mean for the two or three years) might result in the lowering
of the water on Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are considered in the same
pool ; there is practically no difference between them ; I believe the gauge shows
a little difference of four or five one-hundreths of a foot, but not to amount to
anything) must amount to eight inches, and on Lake Erie seven inches.
Understand, I do not say these figures are correct, but they are statements
made to us.

1176 DEPARTMENT OF POBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Now, take our modern carriers, all the boats built at the present time,
modern built boats, they will carry on an average about one hundred tons per
inch ; so that you can readily see that if the water was lowered say eight inches
(I merely use that as an illustration), if the water was lowered eight inches, it
would result in cutting off eight hundred tons carrying capacity of each boat,
a very low estimate that is, more than a conservative estimate, because all the
modern boats average that. Taking twenty trips per season, and I guess twenty-
two would be a fair average ; but call it twenty, that would make a difference of
sixteen thousand tons per season ; and take the rate of ore, at seventy-five cents
per ton from the head of the lakes, and deducting from that twenty cents per
ton (of course what you didn't carry you wouldn't have to pay for unloading)
deducting the twenty cents per ton, see what an enormous loss it would be
to the great tonnage of the lakes. The smaller classes of boats are rather becom-
ing obsolete so I refer now particularly to the modern class of boats and you can
see what an enormous loss it would be and the constant loss it would be to the
great public in the diminution of the carrying capacity of freight. For instance,
I think last year approximately (is practically correct,) I think the average cost
per ton per mile of freight on the lakes was aboutTVo of amileper tonper mile;
and I think that the lowest rate — I know that this Commission at all events,
if I am not mistaken, have fixed the average rate of rail freights per ton per
mile at four mills —

Commissioner Clinton : — Not less than four mills.

Mr. Livingstone : — I think with the exception of the Lake Shore road
and possibly one other road ; I think there are only one or two railroads in
the United States that you can get down to that amoimt ; so that on those
figures it was estimated that our lake carrying freights last year would figure up
a saving of $116,000,000, — and that would amount to considerable more than
all the money which has been expended by the government in the improvement
of lake chamiels since the creation of the government, so to speak, to the present
time. I merely call your attention to these facts to show you how grave a
matter it really is to the great public generally and the navigation interests
of the Great Lakes. Professor Johnson of the Panama Canal estimated not
a great while ago, in making report, if my memory serves me right, he estimated
that after the Panama canal had been completed, and been in operation for ten
years, that ten million tons freight would probably pass through it. That ten
million tons of freight, net tons as I imderstand it, passing through the Panama
canal ten years after the canal had been completed. Assuming that his esti-
mate is correct and his figures are correct, this amount is less than the increase
in tonnage alone on the great lakes last year, and onlj' a 230 day year, as against
36.5. In other words, the tonnage last year, the increase in tonnage carried on the
lakes last year alone was almost eleven million tons. And I merely want to
call the attention of the Waterways Commission to this fact ; I do not propose
to discuss engineering questions, because I cannot. But naturally this proposed
fourteen thousand cubic feet of water, with the information we have from
government engineers, has aroused our fears to quite a large extent ; and while
I want it clearly understood we favour Chicago having all the water necessary
for its sewage and drainage and the preservation of the health of its people, we
want that to be the limit ; we do not want, in other words, an amount of water
diverted that vn\l provide, for instance, for a great navigation channel by which
you shall go on still further and build nine or ten locks and build them with
fourteen feet over the sill and build them in such a way that you ultimately
can deepen to twenty-five feet, and no telling how large in the end it may divert
the water on the lakes. I simply want to put these matters before you ;_ and
we decidedly object, and the lake carriers themselves decidedly object to giving
you fourteen thousand cubic feet per second.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1177

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Chairman Ernst : — Mr. F. King is here representing the Dominion Marine
Association. The Commission would be glad to hear from him.

Mr. King : — Mr. Chairman, I have the honour to represent the Dominion
Marine Association, which, like the Lake Carriers Association of the United
States, represent the tonnage upon our side of the line. I can say that we repre-
sent practically all the freight and passenger business from Montreal to the head
of the lakes in Canada, and I would like promptly to disabuse your minds and
the minds of the Commission that I am here to offer suggestions or advice of any
kind to a body that has the experience and expert knowledge that this Com-
mission has. We are here, through myself, to show that we realize the impor-
tance of the question, and to ask the Commission to give it the most careful and
serious consideration, and I am here in a receptive capacity to learn what I
can to-day. I do not go quite so far as Mr. Livingstone does, and I scarcely
think my association would, as to say that Chicago must have all the water that
may be necessary for sanitation purposes without reference to the extent of that
amount. I would say that in the first instance the great lakes and the rivers
represent for both countries a waterway that the people have a vested right
in that cannot be interferred with for the benefit of one section. Do not let me
be misunderstood. If it were possible for one city to devise a scheme of this
kind which would lead to a proper sanitary drainage system without interfer-
ing with such a right unreasonably, we would be only too pleased to have it
carried out; we would join hands at once with the lake carriers in saying "Let
the work be completed and extended;" but I would think that the views of
my association are that primarily navigation purposes must be looked to, and
that when, as Mr. Randolph has pointed out, three schemes were under consid-
eration, one, to divert the sewage, one to have a land disposal .system, and
another a drainage system, that the question of expense ought not be allowed to
decide entirely in favor of the system that has been adopted at the possible expense
of navigation to the seaboard. We are one with the lake carriers in the
whole matter representing the tonnage of the lakes, and we ask the Commission
as we have already asked you on a previous occasion, to give the matter the
most careful consideration and to obtain that expert advice which will enable
them to decide whether or not the levels below will be materially interfered with ;
because, as Mr. Weller has pointed out, the Welland canal is now in just such
a position where it is a very close question whether we have the fourteen feet ;
we are told that we can load fourteen feet, and we are told that that means really
fourteen feet of water and perhaps we better get down to thirteen feet nine or
thirteen feet eleven ; perhaps we can steal an inch or so now and again and take
a risk. But the variation of a few inches in the levels is going to make a decided
difference on the Welland, as Mr. Randolph probably will admit, and perhaps
make more material difference down the St. Lawrence canals, and we feel that
we are not speaking only for Canada ; that we are in the same position as
those on Lake Erie ; It is a question whether a vessel can get into the Harbor
at Port Colborne or the lower ports, or the larger ones get into Buffalo or Cleve-
land or other points. I am sure the Commission realizes the fact fully that the
navigation interests ought to be protected in this way, and I am merely here to
say we appreciate the opportunity to be here and thank you for the opportunity,
and to hope that the matter will have a very careful investigation before any
extension of the powers to Chicago are permitted ; and possibly the whole
question ought to be looked into as to the amount that is now being with-
drawn. Certainly we would say that the power ought not to be extended
to the extent where they are creating new waterways.

Mr. Livingstone : — At the Lime Kiln crossing so far this season the average
has been at least two inches lower than last year. Sometimes according to the

1178 DEPARTMEST OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

wind we have some fluctuation there ; when the wind is from the southwest
it will lower the water, and the east to some extent will raise it ; but take the
normal stage, it has averaged so far two inches less this year than it was last year.

Chairman Ernst: — The Buffalo Chamber of Commerce are represented
here by Captain J. J. H. Brown.

Mr. Brown: — Mr. Chairman, I was hastily summoned here or asked to
come here. I am not prepared to speak on this subject; I have a general know-
ledge of lake commerce with which I have had more or less to do all my life.
In Buffalo what we are concerned in is not the sanitation of Chicago, but the
preservation of our lake levels and the conserving of the interests of lake navi-
gation. I cannot agree with my friend Mr. Livingstone to that we are willing that
Chicago should take all that is necessary. He does not say who shall judge of
its necessities for sanitation or any other purpose. There is a vast population
there now of two millions or more, and it is growing wonderfully. The whole
head of Lake Michigan will be densely populated in a few j'ears. There is a
new harbour being created in Indiana where there will be a hundred thousand
people and a manufacturing city, and the whole region is a dead flat; the differ-
ence of elevation between that and the Mississippi valley is very little, and if
it is necessary to take the large quantity of water spoken of here now to make
clean Chicago river, as much of it as it made clean — the south fork of the south
branch you could bail it out with a fork, and filth from the stock yards has
filled that up, and literally you could bail it out with a fork. Now, it isn't a
wild guess or a prophecy to say that there will be six million people at the head
of Lake Michigan in a short time. I do not know how much water they want
for sanitation, but I have read of other methods of disposing of sewage or making
it innocuous, without running it into some one's else drinking water. And if
Chicago may use unlimited quantites of water, and the adjacent region, why
may not Milwaukee? Milwaukee has the same problem before it, although it
isn't quite as handy to get into some river to take care of it. Then there is the
great and growing city of Cleveland; it would be an up-hill job to get into the
Ohio Valley, but it is not an impossible problem. They have run channels
further out into the lake and they haven't got out away from the typhoid fever
germs yet. And Toledo is a rapidly growing city; diains into the Maumee;
it would not be much of a trick to turn that up hill as the Chicago River is turned
up hill; and so it goes. Where is the end to be? I still think it would have
been better to say they must find some other more scientific way to dispose of
it than to run it into the Mississippi, drawing water from the lake to tarry it
along. I do not think that I have any right to speak on this subject, any autho-
rity as representing the Chamber of Commerce, except so far as it affects the
navigability of the lake. That is a very important matter to us. I think the
gentlemen who have given so much thought to this matter are eminently qualified
to deal with it and will deal with it wisely.

Mr. Livingstone: — There seems to be a misapprehension. I did not
mean to be understood for a moment that Chicago or any other city should be
allowed to take water ad libitum, indiscriminately. I took it for granted that
I would be clearly understood that they should remain in the future, as in the
past, directly under the control of the United States engineers and that the whole
subject should be guided by reason and good judgment so as to try and not have
it interfere with navigation. Up to the present time, if I understand the matter
correctly, they have used about 4,167 cubic feet, and when they come to jump
from 4,167 feet to 14,000 cubic feet per second, it naturally makes us look around.
But I did not mean to be understood t at there should be no restriciion of
any kind. What I meant, and I supposed that everybody understood it, was

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1179

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

that the matter should be in the future as it has in the past under the rigid super-
vision and inspection of United States engineers, and we have the fullest confi-
dence in them in trying to protect navigation as well as having due consideration
for the city.

Commissioner Gibbons: — Might I ask Mr. Randolph now whether it
would be a question of expenditure of money to provide some other means?
There is one point I would like to know Mr. Randolph's opinion on, whether any
other means could be devised for the preservation of the health of Chicago,
at an expenditure of money, or whether this is the only one?

Mr. Randolph: — I do not Icnow of any other means within the financial
ability of the city.

Commissioner Gibbons: — Might I ask one more question? I think
everybody in the whole coimtry is agreed that it is very desirable to preserve the
levels of the lakes, and if it were a question of money, it might be a question
for the nations to assist, rather than lower the level of the lake. I want to
know whether there is any scheme bj' which, with aii expenditure of money,
j'^our sanitation could be taken care of without interfering with these levels,
which j'ou admit must be the effect, of this scheme? Is it a mere question of
money? If it is a mere question of money, I do not think there is any expenditure
of money that would not be •justifiable.

Chairman Ernst: — I think my recollection of that report is perhaps a
little fresher than Mr. Randolph's; I read it not long ago ; and it was the opinion
of that committee that there was no other way. This seventy-five or seventy-
eight millions was for a partial remedy; it was only a partial remedy.

Mr. Randolph: — It was for a time only.

Chairman Ernst: — Is there any other gentleman who wishes to address the
Commission on the Chicago drainage canal? If not, hearing on that .■subject
is closed.

1180 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

PROCEEDINGS

At public hearing of the International Waterways Commission, held at Chicago,
Illinois, October 17th, 1906, in Room 510 Federal Building.

Present : The American Members of the Commission, General 0, H.
Ernst, Chairman, Honourable George Clinton, of Buffalo, N.Y., Mr. E. E.
Haskell, Engineer. The Canadian Members of the Commission, Honourable
George C. Gibbons, K.C., Chairman, William F. King, Esq., Geologist, Louis
Coste, Esq., Engineer. Mr. W. E. Wilson, Secretary of the Commissioners
for the United States and Thomas Cot^, Secretary of the Canadian Section.

Chairman Ernst called the meeting to order at 10 o'clock a. m.

General Ernst (Chairman) : — Gentleman, the Commission have come to
Chicago at the request of representative citizens to hear anything that you
might wish to say to us concerning the sewage disposal of the City. You all
know pretty well what the state of affairs is. It is not necessary for me to go
into any very great details. I have here a list of prominent bodies in the city who
wish to present some arguments or statements to the Commission. First, the
Board of Trade. Who is representing the Board of Trade? Nobody seems to
be present.

(Subsequently Mr. B. A. Eckhart, representing the Chicago Board of Trade,
addressed the Commissioners.)

The Chairman then called the name of the Merchants Club of Chicago,
whose representative stated that the INIerchants Club desired to present reso-
lutions similar to the resolutions which Mr. McCormick, President of the Chicago
sanitary district, would ask the filing, and stated that such resolutions over
the position of the Merchants Club.

The Chairman then called the name of the Illinois Manufacturers Association.

Mr. William Duff Haynie (Representing the' Illinois Manufacturers
Association) : — The Illinois Manufacturers Association, gentlemen, is a body of
about 950 members, the membership representing different industries. While
it is a state organization the great majority of its membership is in Chicago, and
it is, therefore, slightly interested in this question which is before you to-day and
as we recently learned has been before you for a long time. As a part of the
people of Chicago, the people who are interested mostly, the people on the lake,
we have prepared resolutions which will be presented to you, and, perhaps, there
may be a few things which I should saj"^ in its behalf. It may be true — I do not
feel competent to pass upon that question myself — that Chicago's undertaking
-to get pure water for her two millions people has not been wise. I do not know
but those who have had the interest of the city at heart, in the early days when
this was started, after they had studied the whole situation, believed that that
was the best way and the cheapest way, the way the people could be bene-
fited most, by giving the people of Chicago pure water.

Like all great enterprises, like all great efforts for the benefit of the people,
this has grown and grown on our hands until the people of Chicago have got more
money invested in this than they ever thought they would have. But as they

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1181

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

look back from their present standpoint to their past position they do not feel that
they have made a bad investment, because the health of the city has been greatly
benefited in all respects, and especially in regard to those diseases which are
directly the result of impure drinking water ; and while, as I say, they have spent
more money than they ever thought of spending, they feel it is money well sperit.
It seems to be a kind of habit, if I maj^ say in passing, for us American people
to go into great enterprises, believing they will cost only so much and find,
when we get through, the cost has been a great deal more than we anticipated.

Here is Chicago, with its two million people, dependent at the present time
upon the success and the continued successful operation of this drainage channel
for the health of its citizens. It is not only that there are two million people
here, but there is a stake for the future — not now, liut for the future, there is
at stake not only the further development of this city here, with all the country
that is tributary to it, but there is at stake all the organization of industries,
of processes of distribution, the railroads, the commerce of the boats and all those
things, are dependent upon Chicago's ability to continue to grow and to be. If
fifty years from now, we are going to have to return to the conditions which ex-
isted twenty years ago, it is merely a matter of a short time when a big black
circle can be drawn around Chicago, and on and within it wiil be stamped
"The Typhoid District of America." Now, how long will a city last under these
conditions? We cannot cany it on, gentlemen, unless we can have, not only for
the present but for the future, the assurance that the people of this great city
can get pure water.

I saw in the papers this morning that some great stress had been laid upon
the development of a deep waterway from Chicago to the Mississippi, and on
to the Gulf. I know but little about that, except that I have always been in fa-
vor of it whenever it was mentioned. That proposition, gentlemen, is one which
has grown out of simply the existence of a condition which was present, a thing
which might be of value, which could be utilized for the benefit of mankind,
going to waste. And so, having the water going into the Desplaines river and
running from that river into the Illinois river and of sufficient volume to carry
a man's goods from one town to another, we people in Chicago, being accustomed
to realizing on all of the by-projects we can, simply said, "We will go to work
and get Congress to help us take care of this which would otherwise go to waste."
And so we have been developing all along the Mississippi valley and all through
our state, with the idea that we are going to make use of this volume of water
which, having done its work for the benefit of the people of Chicago, was going
down through all this populous countrj' in waste. That is an instance. We
can get along without that if necessary, but we cannot get along without pure
water for our people. That is what we have got to have.

After this waste water had cleaned the rivers of Chicago and given us pure
water, there came a cry that we were harming them ; that we were endangering
the lives of the people throughout that region, and in order for us to have the
benefit of this great enterprise they had to be convinced that it was not detri-
mental to them ; and so the Sanitary Board has spent thousands of dollars to con-
vince the people of the Illinois valley and the people of the Mississippi valley
that no harm would come to the people in those great territories. We have
done it up to a certain time. If conditions could remain as they always have
been ; if Chicago could have no more people; if there would be need for no great
greater amount of water, if the sewage and every thing would be all right, we
would be in harmony with the people on the lakes ; we would be in harmony
with the people along the valleys ; but there will come a time, with the increase of
the population of the city and with its increased sewage, when we will have to
have a greater amount of water going through our sanitary channel.

19a— 81

1182 DEPAKTMEyr OF PCBLIC TVOffff.S

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Missouri came and said, "You must show us," and we showed them. But
the Supreme Court of the United States said : "for the present, gentlemen, there
is no trouble between you and Chicago, because of danger from its sewage, but
what the condition may be in the future we do not undertake to say." And the
plain inference, therefore, is that if in the future we cannot be allowed sufheient
water to dilute the sewage of Chicago, then St. Louis can bring its action in
the Supreme Court of the United States and can stop the flow of the lake water
through the sanitary channel. Then all our work and this great expense will
have been for naught.

Gentlemen, I thank you.

General Ernst : — I will say for the benefit of the other speakers that they need
not enlarge so much on the sanitary side of this question. The Commission has
already accepted the sanitary canal to the extent of 10,000 cubic feet a second
in their Niagara Falls report, and that limitation, which we supposed at the time
was all Chicago asked for, or would want for many years to come, has brought
out this additional demand for more water, not for the purpose of the Chicago
Drainage Canal, but for the Calumet region. We want to be enlightened, if
we can be, on extending this system to the Calumet region and to the suburban
towns. The health and lives of the people of Chicago are understood to be too
pre-eminent for the discussion. The next association on my list is the Commer-
cial Association of Chicago.

Mr. David R. Forgan, President of the Chicago Commercial Association,
spoke as follows :

Mr. President and gentlemen, I have not come here j)repared to make any
argument on behalf of Chicago as to why we should not be included in any
recommendations your body will make, because that can be done very much bet-
ter by others who have studied the ciuestion more than I have. I do not profess
to be able to make such an argument. I come here, however, representing the
Chicago Commercial Association, of which I happen to be president. I would
like to say that that Association is composed of ever 1,200 of the leading business
men, firms and corporations of Chicago; they represent at least 5,000 of the
leading business men of this city. They are pledged to whatever will benefit
Chicago from a commercial standpoint chiefly, but also, of course, from a moral
and sanitary standpoint, anything that will benefit the city will have their
consideration. They have, therefore, passed resolutions which go into an argu-
ment, to some extent, and which, I hope, will be carefully read by this Commis-
sion.

Not to insist too much on the health proposition of this city, I would like
to read one clause of these resolutions, which shows the result of the opening
of the drainage canal on the health of the people of this city. The concrete
figures show that the effect of this improvement upon the health of the people
of Chicago was positively immediate — that is the opening of the drainage canal.

Deaths from typhoid fever prior to the opening of the canal have been
reduced in number from 37-4 per 100,000 population to 26-6, while deaths from
diarrhojal diseases have been reduced from 167-4 per 100,000 population to 23-8.
In general the result has been to make the death rate of this city lower than
that of any other important municipality of the United States.

I am also here to represent the Chicago Bankers' Club, a body composed
entirely of bankers of Chicago and adjoining country, even those outside of
the state. They represent only the financial interests of the city, but in a matter
of this sort they felt that they, also, should have a word to say, and they have
passed resolutions which I hold in my hand, which I will submit to you along
with those of the Chicago Commercial Association.

IXTFh'yATIOXAl. 1\' l77:/.'W.iy.S' ro.l/.U/.VS/OjV 1183

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

General I^^rnst: — Wo will now hoar tVom the ( 'hicngo Board of Trade.

Address by Mr. B. A. Eckhakt, President of the Chicago Board of Trade.

Mr. B. A. Eckhart: — President of the Chicago Board of Trade, thereupon
addressed the Commission as follows:

Mr. President and gentlemen, I will read the resolutions adopted by the
Chicago Board of Trade at a special meeting. Thej' are as follows :

(Mr. Eckhart then read the resolutions, which are hereto attached.)

In presenting our views more fully I desire to say that which you are all,
perhaps, familiar with: That the Chicago Board of Trade is one of the largest, if
not the largest commercial body in the world. It is the distributing medium of
the agricultutral portion of this country to the consuming portion of this country.
Its business is such in extent that it has been considered in the past, and perhaps
may be today — I am not quite sure about that — the largest medium of distribu-
tion in the world. The Chicago Board of Trade is interested in maintaining
the lake level more than any other association or commercial body, because of
its vast shipping interests. But the Chicago Board of Trade realizes that no
community, city or state or large municipality can long exist without a supply
of pure water. It is more essential to the health and welfare of a community
than even pure food. The people of this city, as you are aware, have had
this problem before them for inany years. It was one of the most difficult pro-
blems that the city of Chicago ever had to deal with, to secure pure water and
perfect drainage, without which, as I have stated, no community can exist for
a very long period of time.

The present channel was the result of agitation on the part of the people of
the City of Chicago that took place many years ago, after it was found that if
we should continue to discharge the sewage into the Chicago River and it con-
tinued to flow into Lake Michigan and drift out into the intakes, that ultiraatel3-
it would pull back into the hydrants of the inhabitants, was consunied by the
people and spread disease throughout the entire community and endangered the
lives and health of our people. After an agitation of some years a Commission
was appointed by the authorities of this city to investigate the whole subject
matter and report to the City Council some method by which the people of this
great community could protect themselves. A Commission was made up of
the most eminent engineers of this country and after a full investigation of all
the different methods of sewage disposal they found that the only proper solution
of the problem was cutting through a divide and cutting the channel deep enough
and large enough so that sufficient water would be sent through the channel to
dilute the sewage and make it unobjectionable to the people of the Illinois valley.
The problem, of course, was one that was recommended by these eminent
engineers because of the fact that, many years ago, as you are all, perhaps,
aware, the Chicago River was the outlet of Lake Michigan to the Gulf of Mexico
and it was simply a problem of restoring the outlet that nature had provided;
hence they came to the conclusion that that was the only proper way, the proper
solution and the only feasible solution of such a disposal. Other plans and
systems that, perhaps, were applicable to other cities where the population
was not so large and not growing so rapidly as we were and where the climatic
conditions were more favorable — other methods might have answered the
purpose; but here, as we were situated, no other system could have been adopted
with satisfactory results.

The people of this city have permitted themselves to be taxed to an amount
of over fifty million dollars, by direct taxation, for what? Why, for the purpose of
self preservation, the first law of nature. The people are still taxing themselves
19a— 81 f

1184 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 191b

^o that the collateral channels may be cut, collateral to the main drainage channel.
And I wish to call the attention of the Chairman, at this point, to the suggestion
he made a few moments ago with reference to the Calumet. The Calumet channel
when it is finally completed, will be a collateral channel to the sanitary district
channel. It is essential and necessarj' for the purpose of draining that portion
of the city of Chicago and the adjoining part of Indiana, bordering on the
Calumet river and which is now sending its sewage into the Calumet, and then
flowing into Lake Michigan, and, of course, it will pollute the waters of Lake
Michigan and carry death with it if it is permitted to go to our people.

The channel that is proposed to be cut from the north branch, at Evanston,
is also a collateral channel. As we grow in population in the city of Chicago
proper, and as the suburban or adjacent cities grow, we must make provision for
all of that sewage that will be discharged into these collateral channels to be car-
ried through the main channel. Of course that will require water for dilution,
and this water must be supplied from Lake Michigan. We have no other source
of supply. When we consider that the experts who were called upon to furnish us
information as to the requirements for perfect dilution of the sewage of the city
of Chicago, who rendered their opinion at the time this whole matter was investi-
gated, in 1885, 1886 and 1887, stated that it was essential and necessary that
20,000 cubic feet of water should be sent through the sanitary district canal for
every 100,000 inhabitants; that that was accepted as the correct theory, and that
only through that quantity of water could such sewage be made unobjection-
able, so that the oxidation might take place, so that when it reached the towns of
the Illinois valley it would be unoffensive, it was accepted by the citizens of
Chicago, although we realized that it meant the expenditure of fifty or sixty
million dollars in order to complj' with that requirement; but in the interest of
health, in the iiiterest of the lives of our people, no sum of money is too great for
us to expend in order to comply with the opinion of the experts who stated that
this amount was necessary. Then, as I stated before, we complied with their .
wishes and embodied such a position in the law.

Now, as I understand the situation, it is proposed to limit the flow to 10,000
cubic feet per second. That would be sufficient until we have a population
exceeding three million people. When we reach a population of three million
people, growing as we are now growing, that period of time will soon be at hand.
We are growing as a large manufacturing city, not only a large commercial center,
but a large manufacturing center. You all know that every factory and every
plant adds greatly to the sewage. We know that the volume of sewage will
increase, perhaps faster and in greater proportion than the population. When we
reach the' three millions of people, if we are restricted by a treaty or by an Act of
Congress, we would then be in the position of being unable to comply with the
requirements which were considered necessary to send the water down for
dilution.

If we increase in population to four million in ten or fifteen years — or to five
million — I believe that you gentlemen realize that the quantity of water at 10,000
cubic feet per second would be wholly inadequate and we would have then no
remedy. We would be restricted and limited and it would be disastrous to the
health of not only the people of this city but of the Illinois and Mississippi
valleys. As has already been stated by Mr. Haynie, a limitation might be in
conflict with the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of
Missouri vs. Sanitary District of the State of Illinois.

We are in earnest upon this subject. Those of us who have lived here for
years and know what we maj' expect and know what we have endured in the past
when the colour of the water of the Chicago river was as dark and black as it
possibly could be, with a mass of silt in the bottom of the river ; when the flood
waters of the Desplaines came down and the surface water from the streets

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1185

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

crowded the sewage back into Lake Michigan; when cases of typhoid fever
increased at an enormous rate — those of us who have lived here and rememlDer
all that, those of us who know how fast this city is growing and how greatly the
volume of sewage will increase from time to time — we fear that any limitation
placed upon the flow of water from Lake Michigan through the sanitary district
canal would be disastrous and a menace to the health and lives of the people of
this community.

Gentlemen, I thank you for your attention.

Commissioner Gibbons: — The desire of the Commiss'on, of course, is
to meet the wishes of the people of Chicago as far as possible, consistent with
other interests, and I thought possibly it might shorten the discussion to suggest
to these people that the difficulty the Commission is meeting with is this: — The
gentleman who has just spoken has said that Chicago is more interested in the
maintenance of the lake level than any other city. We agree with him that
that is so. The Lake Carriers' Association, representing millions of capital, say
to us, "We don't want you to do anything that is going to further lower the
level of the great lakes. It is low now — too low now." So that we are met
with this difficulty. The Commission appreciate the enormous possibilities of
the city of Chicago, with its two million people. If you get to the four million
mark, you will ver}' likely want 20,000 cubic feet per second. Your experts
tell us 10,000 cubic feet per second will lower Lake Erie 6 inches, and double
that amount, 20,000 cubic feet per second, it will lower the level one foot. I
only make these suggestions so that you can see the difficulties of the Commission.
It would seem to me, that the Commission already have assented to the work
which you have done and to the work which will be necessary to be done for
some years, that 10,000 cubic feet will provide for you. It would seem to me
that it is up to Chicago, in its own interests as well as in the interests of the
country, now to see whether or not there is some other system that could supple-
ment this system, that would make the maximum that you would require of
water in this water. Other cities have found it, and although a Committee
reported, as j^ou saj', back in 1885 and 1886, possibly you can supplement the
present system. Your interests are our interests. We are all in the same boat
in the matter of the preservation of the lake, and everybody concedes the neces-
sity of preserving your health. You need not argue that to the Commission,
because we Canadians as well as the Americans concede that Chicago ought
to have what is absolutely necessary to preserve the health of its citizens. That
has been the stand of the Canadians all the way through; but if consistent with
that you can do .something else to prevent injury to the great lakes system you
ought to do it. It seems to me, now that you have your 10,000 cubic feet, you
ought to be content with that at the present and see whether or not there is
not some other system such as is used in other great cities that would enable
you to do away with the necessity of increasing the water supply.

Mr. B. A. Bechart then further spoke as follows:

Gentlemen, it should be remembered by you that prior to the opening of
the sanitary district canal in 1900 there was great agitation as to the effect it
would have on the level of the lake. I remember distinctly there were predictions
made that it would practically drain Lake ^Michigan dry. It was contended by
the alarmists that the moment we opened the channel, that soon thereafter the
navigation of the lakes would be impaired. Engineers who made the subject
a study and were competent to pass upon the question made no such prediction;
on the contrary they held that it would not affect the level very materially, if
any at all. The channel was opened January 2nd, 1900. It has been in operation
now nearly six years, and as a practical demonstration of the predictions made

1186 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

at that time, that it would have no practical effect ou the lake level, we point
to the fact that the lake level to-day is higher than it was at that time ; that
it has not lowered the lake, and it may be questioned seriously M'hether it would
ever affect it materially. But even if it did there are other ways by which the
level of the lakes maj' be maintained and raised, practicable ways without
interfering with the health and the lives of the people of this country. The
health and lives of the people of this country are superior to all other considera-
tions, navigation or anything else.

Now, we claim, and I think it is susceptible of demonstration, that there
are methods by which the lake level can be maintained and raised without
interfering with any interest, much less that vast interest which is superior
to all others. If, however, you say that is an expensive proposition, assuming
that it is; assuming that Congress is required to expend five or ten million dollars
In accomplishing that; here is a community that was willing to expend fifty
million dollars for the preservation of its health.

Now, referring to the Chicago Board of Trade, and being directly interested
in the commerce of this countrj', and more especialh' in the maintenance of the
lakes, as I stated at the outset, we are, perhaps, more interested than any other
association; we feel that if it were ever shown— and it has not yet been shown
and it has not yet been demonstrated that it is a fact that the lake level has been
affected, except to raise it, that can be remedied without attempting any other
solution of the sewage disposal of a great community of two or three million
people, which had been found impracticable and which, up to this time, has not
been a success in any large community where the climate is such as it is here.

I, perhaps, have taken too much of your time, and I apologize for doing so.

Mr. Robert R. McCormick (President of the Chicago sanitary district:) —

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I had intended not saying anything until
after the resolutions were all in —

General Ernst : — Then I think it would be well to keep to that practice.

Mr. McCormick: Do you wish us to confine ourselves to the question of
lake levels from a commercial point of view, or only from the point of view of
Chicago? The gentleman from the Canadian section has intimated, as I under-
stood, that he wished us to bring out something upon the effect of the lake level.
Is that correct?

Commissioner Gibbons : That was my personal view.

General Ernst: — I do not think it is necessary to take up much time in
discussion by the representatives of the commercial bodies, as to the effect on
their business which may be of importance, but what the engineering effect
will be is a matter we can get at in other ways. We will now hear from the
Commercial Club of Chicago.

Address of Mr. Franklin H. Head, Representing the Chicago Commercial
Club.

Mr. Franklin H. Head spoke as follows :

Gentlemen, I do not propose to take up your time for more than a few
moments. The Commercial Club is a body of men small in numbers compared
with those bodies represented by the last two or three speakers, but it is a body
of men who have been undertaking to represent all of the great commercial and
mercantile interests of Chicago. This Club has done a great many splendid
things for the welfare of the city and it has never taken any position more import-

INTERNATIOXAL WATlJIiWAYS COMMISSION 1187

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

ant thtiu this. I have put our views in the form of resolutions, which I will
present to you, but I wish tu speak on one or two points. One of the previous
speakers has referred to the percentage of decrease of the death rate of the city
of Chicago on account of the opening of the drainage canal. Perhaps you will
understand the importance of that fact better by a concrete statement, which
is this: That the number of people who were killed before the opening of the
drainage canal by drinking impure water, every year, in the City of Chicago,
was much greater than the number of people who were killed in the Spanish-
American War on this hemisphere. That illustrates the importance of this
matter to us. '

There is one other point I will say a word about, which is this: You all
understand, of course, that all the drainage of the country in the vicinity of Lake
Michigan is into the lake, and the object of extending this system to take in the
Calumet river and as far north as Evanston — which is really a part of Chicago,
with a population of 40,000 to 50,000 people, and their sewage goes into the
lake and also the sewage of the country around the Calumet river enters the
lake; the Calumet river is an important part of the harbour of Chicago and its
commercial facilities are nearly as important as the Chicago river's facilities,
and in order to make those a success the system has got to be extensive enough
to carry away all the sewage that is near enough the city of Chicago to pollute
its water suppl5^

There is only one other point on which I wish to say a word. That is,
that we appreciate very highly the importaiice of the work of this Commission
and the great value it will be to us if the decision is such as we would like to
have it. If this matter were a matter simply that we wanted more water,
we could go to Congress and lay the matter before Congress, or go before the
States Legislature, and when we showed that we could not have water to preserve
the health of our people in suffic ent volume to give us pure drinking water,
without containing sewage and everything else, there would be no trouble what-
ever in our getting an additional supply ; but you are a body of which it is expected
that the result of your deliberations may be the execution of a treaty between
the United States and England; and all of us who have ever looked into the
diplomatic history of those two nations know that when a treaty is once made
it is one of the most difficult things to have altered that anybody ever undertook
to do. For that reason and others, may it please your Honors, we hope your
decision will be broad and general and cover all the contingencies of the future.

General Ernst: — We will now hear from the Real Estate Board.

Mr. Frank G. Hoyne, representing the Chicago Real Estate Board and the
River Improvement Association, spoke as follows :

Mr. Frank G. Hoyne: — Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I come here as
the representative of the Secretary and Chairman of our River Improvement
Committee of the Real Estate Board to present to you the resolution passed by
that body. The Real Estate Board is twenty-three years of age and represents
to a large extent the property interests of this city. It is not necessary for me
to go into argument, after j'ou have listened, as you have, to Mr. Eckhart and
Mr. Haynie, who have well covered the ground. Of course we, as propertj'
owner-, are interested that this fifty million dollars which has been expended
shall not have been expended to no purpose. If the flow of the rivers shall be
regulated there is no telling what end it may reach or how adverse it may be to
the health of our citizens, and so far we are interested.

It is not necessary for me to say anything more except to thank you and
hand you the resolutions passed by our body. I thank you.

1188 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

General Ernst : — We will now hear from the Merchants Club.

Mr. David R. Forgan : — I have presented their resolutions along with
the others.

General Ernst : — the next is the Industrial Club.

Address of Mr. John G.* Gilchrist, representing the Chicago Industrial
Club.

Mr. Gilchrist addressed the Commission as follows :

Mr. Chairman, the Industrial Club is an organization of the younger
business men of Chicago, ranging from twenty-five to fifty years of age. It
is an exclusive organization, one of its requirements being that in order to be a
member one shall be an executive officer of one of the larger industries, and the
object of the Club is to serve Chicago, to serve its interests industrially, to serve
the interests of its people. I think, while I have never seen a compilation of it,
that the gentlemen connected with it as executive officers of the various industries
represented, industries which would aggregate probably ten million dollars per
member of capital — and I can think of three members who represent companies
with an aggregate of over .$150,000,000. And I don't say that with any idea
of blowing the horn of the Industrial Club, but merely to impress you with the
fact that the people behind these resolutions are people who have in their hands
large commercial interests of the city of Chicago. Almost without exception
the men in this Club, if they consulted purely their own commercial interests,
would say, if the lake level would be affected, "Our interests are on the other
side." They do not believe the level lake will be affected, but they believe, if the
lake level should be affected, the humanitarian question is the great question,
and as citizens of Chicago they realize it and they believe that the health of the
people is paramount.

In illustrating my point I might cite the statement of a number of gentlemen
of whom I took occasion to inquire very particularly as to the feeling of the people
after the great disaster which San Francisco suffered six months ago. They said
that during the first few days the commercial interests were not considered, but
it was a question of the great humanitarian feeling for them, and they looked
upon it as an evidence of the fact that the race was not degenerating.

•The speaker lives in the southern section of the city. The water which
supplies the homes of that section — and it is a large residence section — comes
from the waterworks which were originallj^ established by the old village of
Hyde Park, which after having been enlarged, became a part of the rity of Chi-
cago. The Calumet river, at its mouth, flows in a northeasterly direction.
The prevailing winds in this section, especially in summer, are southwest. The
water flows in a direct line toward the crib. True, we may say the crib might
be changed, but the crib is not in close to land ; it is out three or four miles.
An inspection of the water reports, as appear in the daily papers, indicate that
since the opening of the drainage canal tlie tendency towards impure water has
been practically all from the Hyde Park crib, indicating that the influence on the
Lake Michigan water supply and the Chicago water supply comes from the
river, and the Calumet river's current must be changed ; it must be drained
into the drainage canal. Within a very few years a very large portion of
Chicago's population will be affected by impure water unless we get what we
are now asking for.

Gentlemen, I thank you.

General Ernst : — The next on our list are Mayors of Illinois and valley
towns.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1189

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

(E, J. Ward of the city of Marseilles): — I want to say to the Commission
that the people in the Illinois valley had to rise very early to get here and the
Mayor of Joliet and the Mayor of La Salle could not get here. The Mayors of
Marseilles and Ottawa, and others I believe, are here.

Remarks by the Mayor of Marseilles, III.

Mr. H. B. McNahin, (Mayor of the city of Marseilles, Illinois) : Mr.
Chairman, I represent the city of Marseilles as its Mayor. Our people are inter-
ested in this matter only from the standpoint of health. We do not object to the
City of Chicago sending sewage down the river, provided they give us sufficient
water to dilute the water, so that it will not affect the health of our people.
We know that when the flow of water is reduced the offensive conditions of the
rivers are increased very materially. All we ask is that in handing this matter
sufficient attention be paid to the health of the people of the Illinois Valley.
We know if a proper amount of water is used, it is not offensive.

General Ernst : Is the Mayor of the city of Ottawa present?

Remarks by the Mayor of the city of Ottawa, Illinois, Mr. Charles E. Hock.
Mr. Hook then addressed the Commission as follows :

Mr. Chairman, I represent the city of Ottawa, located eighty-four miles
from the City of Chicago. All we ask is that the flow of water guaranteed to
iis at the time the legislation was passed for the building of this drainage canal
is complied with. The laws of the State of Illinois, as I understand it, guarantee
to the people of the Illinois valley that they shall at all times have a flow of not
less than 20,000 cubic feet per second per each one hundred thousand inhabitants
of the sanitary district. We believe that, in order to protect the health and
welfare of the citizens of this valley, through which the sewage of Chicago
flows, we are entitled to have all that has been guaranteed us by the laws of the
State of Illinois.

Now, for the Governments of the United States and Canada to come in and
say, "You shall not have more than 10,000 cubic feet," we would regard as an
outrage and as a violation of confidence.

We are glad to have Chicago's sewage pass before us if properly diluted
and will stand for it, being ready at all times to further the interests of our
metropohtan city. We believe that this Commission should give due attention
to the interests of others than Chicago. We believe that the entire Illinois
valley is entitled to your consideration, and we trust that you will give it to us.

General Ernst : — The Mayor of the city of Joliet. Is he here?

Addressed by the representative of the Mayor of the city of Joliet, 111.

Mr. Noble : — Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the Mayor of the city of
Joliet is not here. I was sent here hurriedly by him, and I wish to stand up
with the representatives of the other cities of the valley in asking you people not
to restrict the flow of water so as to endanger the health of the people of the
Illinois valley.

As has been said here before, when the city of Chicago obtained the neces-
sary legislation to construct this channel, they pledged to the people of the
Illinois valley that they would give us enough water so that it would not mar
the health of the hundreds of thousands of people living along the valley. Thus
far they have kept their pledge, and we hope you will not take such action as
will prevent their doing so in the future. For the present and for some years

1190 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

to come they probably will be able to supply all the water necessary to dilute
the sewage of Chicago, but Chicago is a wonderful city, has made remarkable
progress in the last twenty j^ears, since the great fire. No one can tell what
Chicago will be in the next twenty or twenty-five years. It certainly will be more
than doubled in population in the next twenty-five years. If a treatj' is enacted
limiting the water supply they will be unable to give us the necessary water to
dilute their sewage. It seems to me it will be unfair to put them in a position
where they cannot carry out their contract witli the hundreds of thousands of
people living along the valley.

General Ernst: — -The Mayor of the city of Morris. We will hear from
him next.

Remarks of Mr. George Redford, representing the Mayor of the City of
Morrio, Illinois.

Mr. Redford: — ^As representing the Mayor of the city of Morris, I will
say that we have a city of about six thousand inhabitants, 62 miles from Chicago
We are only interested in this matter so far as the health of the people of the
city of Morris and those living in the ualley is concerned.

We are glad to see Chicago get an outlet for its sewage so long as it keeps
it diluted enough to keep the valley in good, liealthy condition.

We realize that Chicago is a great city. We like to see them progress and
get out of their sewage difficulty, but at the same time we want to see them
keep it diluted enough so as to keep the valley in a good state of health.

I thank you, gentlemen.

General Ernst: — Is the Governor of the State of Illinois present or repre-
sented?

Mr. IsHAM Randolph: — I represent the Governor.

Address by Mr. Isham Randolph.

Mr. Isham Randolph then addressed the Commission as follows;

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, as representing the Governor of the State
of Illinois, I have a statement to make, but I presume I ought to occupy the
attitude of the small boy, which is to be seen and not heard. This morning
I received a telephone message from the Governor of this state, Honorable
Charles S. Deneen, stating that it had been his purpose to be present at this
meeting and present the claims of the State of Illinois in this matter, together
with their views bearing upon this subject. He said important matters prevented
his being here and he asked me to state tothis Board that he had delegated me
to speak for him in behalf of the State of Illinois in this connection. I have had
frequent conversations with him; I know what his attitude is; and therefore you
will consider that I put aside my personality and that for the time being I have
the high honor of speaking for the State of Illinois.

Gentlemen, my association with you has been such that I think you will
acquit me of anj' intentional disrespect to your Board. I think that you will
realize the confidence which I feel in your Board and in you as individuals.
I have known the Chairman of j'our Board for many years and I have learned
to have high regard for him, and I am sure he will acquit me of any intentional
discourtesy or disrespect to this Board when he hears what I am about to say.
The doctrine of States' rights, though perhaps conceived in madness, and has
been submitted to the arbitrament of the sword and the decision has gone against
it — but it was only against the madness and not against the doctrine — gives the

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1191

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

States certain rights, and the Governor of this State stands for nil the rights of
the State of Illinois.

We know that you come here fully authorized by an Act of Congress to
inquire into the future of the waters of Lake Michigan. We know that you are
performing tlie duties imposed upon you and we believe that you will do it
faithfully and well. But, gentlemen, speaking for the Governor of this State,
representing its sovereignity, we declare that it was a mistake on the part of
the Government of the United States to permit any inquiry into the uses of
waters wholly within the confines of the United States. The waters of Lake
Michigan had never been mentioned in any treaty between Great Britain and
the LTnited States until the Treaty of 1871. That treaty defines the limits
under which Great Britain and its subjects may use the waters of Lake Michigan.
It is given equal rights with the citizens of the United States for a period of
ten years, and is to continue thereunder until notice is given; but that treaty
recognizes the rights of the States therein and limits the uses of the waters and
the rights of the States. The States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin
are the riparian owners of the waters of Lake Michigan, and they are as much a
part of those States as the lands which border upon them. I do not propose, and
it would be ridiculous for me to say, as a lawj^er, what I propose to say, but I
am born with that recognition of the individual right which has grown up to
recognize the rights of the State and the rights of the Nation. We beUeve that,
as a State, %\'e have rights in Lake Michigan which are inherent and which even
the Government of the United States cannot deprive us of. We believe that
we have a right to the use of the waters of Lake Michigan That lake is contri-
buting to the general flow not less than 22 per cent of the volume of water from
the lakes and certainly the States bordering upon the lakes have some rights to
the use of that water.

Now, as to the functions of a state government, the state must protect its
children. The state must protect its cities and its farming communities. The
State must see that the rights of those cities and farming communities are not en-
croached upon. Therefore, when the State of Illinois passed the law which autho-
rized the organization of the sanitary bistrict of the city of Chicago, it took full
cognizance of the effect it would have upon the level of the lakes and the natural
flow of the waters; it investigated, as best it could, the probable results from
the turning of the Chicago river westward, and the best advice at that day
was that there was needed 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute for each 100,000
inhabitants draining into the canal. The head of the Commission which made
that report was in my office within the last week, and he said that during a number
of years past he has been making sanitary investigations and that his conviction
to day is as strong, if not stronger than when he made that report.

The lowering of the lakes, gentlemen, is an involved question. I do not
think anything better has been written upon that subject than was written by
a board of United States engineers of which our honored presiding officer was
a member and whose signature is attached thereto. I will read from that report,
from page 1 1 :

(Mr. Randolph then read from the Report of the Mississippi River Com-
mission, H. R. Document No. 263, as follows:

"The effect upon the level of Lake Michigan of withdrawing 10,000
cubic feet per second for an indefinite period has been the subject of an
elaborate investigation under the office of the lake survey in Detroit,
and the conclusion reached is that the final effect will be to lower the level
about 6 inches. (See Annual Report of Chief of Engineers for 1900, p.
5401, and for 1902, p. 2779 and p. 2825; also for 1904, p. 4120.) Oscillations
of more than 6 inches in the level of the lake's surface are very common,
often occurring hourly for many hours in succession, while oscillations of
2 or 3 feet within an hour are not uncommon. Still greater oscillations

1192 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

within a year or series of years occur, all from natural causes. Moreover,
during a severe winter, the discharge of St. Clair river is reduced by ice
to less than one-third its normal discharge, the remaining two-thirds being
stored up in Lakes Huron-Michigan and raising their levels: and the
difference between the total discharge during a severe winter and the dis-
charge during a mild winter will probably equal, or nearly equal, the
discharge of the Chicago drainage canal for a year. A permanent average
lowering of 6 inches in the lake's level, therefore, is not easily observed and
will probably not be noticed by navigators. Nevertheless, the effect is
real and important. Evidently there is a limit to the amount of water
which can be taken from the southern end of Lake Michigan without
compensating works at the outlet of Lake Huron. The Board does not
condemn the present plan of taking 10,000 cubic feet per second, believing
as it does that some amount will be needed to protect the lives and health
of the people of a great city and of a populous valley, but it invites attention
to the fact that if a much larger amount be taken it will be necessary to
construct remedial works elsewhere, and that these are, or should be, of
an international character. It is led to make this remark by the attitude
of the Illinois Legislature and of the other principal advocates of this
enterprise, which is that the 14-foot waterway is only a beginning, and that
a much deeper channel ultimately should be constructed, which means
that a much larger volume of water must be taken from Lake Michigan.
It is the opinion of the Board that the sanitary reasons for the abstraction
of water so far exceed and overshadow the commercial reasons that the
amount should be strictly limited by the sanitarj' necessities of the case.
It is impossible to fix a limit to the future growth of Chicago. In a future
not remote, larger amounts of water maj' be needed for sanitary purposes,
and channels deeper than 14 feet will then become practicable in the open
alluvial portion of the Illinois River. "

General Ernst- — Mr. Randolph, may I interrupt you? I wrote those
sentences, and I am afraid you have laid undue stress on one of them — "and
will probably not be noticed by navigators." when j'ou undermine the found-
ations of a man's hou'^e, you may not notice it; but by and by it may tumble
down and he will notice it then. I simply want to call your attention to the
fact that that sentence may be construed to mean a good deal more than it
does mean.

Mr. Randolph : — But when you skim off the top of the lake the bottom
will not drop out. Now, gentlemen, as to the necessities of the Calumet region.
Yesterday you had an ocular demonstration of the conditions of the north
and the south branches of the Chicago river and its surroundings. You must
recognize that on the south the Calumet river is pouring its flood waters into
Lake Michigan which, year after year, is becoming more and more polluted.
One of the speakers has told you already that in the water reports the Hyde
Park crib or Hyde Park intake is the most suspicious of them all, and that
the water is now being polluted by the discharge from the Calumet river.

This is an involved situation. It is not under the control of the city of
Chicago nor the State of Illinois, for the border lines of the two States pass
through this region and 425 sc|uare miles of Indiana drains naturally into
Illinois and Illinois cajinot prevent the discharge of the pollutions arising in
Indiana from entering into its own water courses. A good deal has been said
about the effect of navigation. This navigation has been built up and fostered
by the Government of the United States. It has become a source of pride
to the Nation and of profit to corporations and to individuals. It has helped
to build up these great cities. There is no paramount interest except that

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1193

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

of health, and health you all admit, is the paramount interest. I heard a
distinguished member of the Rivers and Harbors Commission, a Committee
of our Congress, state in a speech one evening last week, that the total expen-
ditures for the improvement of the lake system by the United States Govern-
ment from 1856 to date was seventy million dollars, in fifty one years. Gentle-
men, in fifteen years this district has expended fifty-one million dollars in the
preservation of its health and reversing the flow of the Chicago river and it
is counting upon expending eighteen million dollars more before that project
is completed. If one city can expend that much money for the preservation
of the health of its people, what amount of money should a Nation or a com-
bination of Nations spend for the preservation of its commerce? It seems to
me that the question of expenditure for lake navigation is not one that should
enter seriously into this discussion.

One of our speakers has spoken of the use which Chicago makes of its by-
products. The primary object of the drainage canal was the preservation
of health. The secondary object is a waterway. Gentlemen, Chicago never
would have embarked upon its waterway project, its fifty-million never would
have been spent that boats may go down the Mississippi river, but it was
spent for the preservation of the health of its inhabitants, and a condition
has been created which it is the duty of the state aiid the nation to improve
for the benefit of its people.

Gentlemen, I do not know what your report will be, and I mean no disre-
spect to you, and I hope you will not so construe it, when I say that if your report
is against us we will not stop until we have gone to the court of last resort. We
will not submit to any treaty which limits us as it is proposed to do. We have
back of us the whole State of Illinois. I speak for the State. We have in
sympathj" with us all the States of the Middle West, and they carry influence
into the National Councils which, I believe, will defeat any treaty which tends to
limit us in what we believe are out rights.

Gentlemen, I have taken up too much of your time, and I thank you.

General Ernst: — Mr. Randolph you have been speaking as the Chief Engi-
neer of the sanitary district and not for the Governor of the State of Illinois?

Mr. Randolph : — I have given some facts which I knew as Chief Engineer,
but I have been speaking in behalf of the Governor.

General Ernst: — Do you expect to address us as an engineer?

Mr. Randolph : — No, sir.

General Ernst : — On the 22nd of June last, at the hearing at Buffalo, the
Commission asked for a copy of your Report on which the new plans were based
for the Calumet region. We did not get it, and I wrote you oii the 14th of July
reminding you of that, and again on the 30th of July, and have had no answer to
those letters.

Mr. Randolph: — There is no printed report other than I sent you.

General Ernst: — We understand there is no report covering those studies.

Mr. Randolph: — No, there is no report covering those studies. I think
probably the best thing upon that subject is the discussion which appears in the
proceedings of the Board of Trustees for, I think, June 19th, 1901.

General Ernst: — What is the estimated cost of that plan.?

Mr. Randolph : — Twelve milhon dollars.

General Ernst : — Does that include anything for diverting the upper Calu-
met?

1194 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Mr. Randloph :— That included $200,000 for reversing the flow of the upper
Calumet into the lake, into Lake county, Indiana.

General Erxst: — WTiere is that diversion to be placed?

Mr. Randolph:— That diversion vrill be into the State of Indiana and Lake
County, and, of course, cannot be done without permission of the State of
Indiana, which has not been procured.

General Ernst: — That would include a new channel into Lake Michigan?

Mr. Randolph : — The Little Calumet, you will remember, at one point, runs
very close to the lake and it is proposed to cut across into the lake, making that
stream so that it will take very little to divert the flood waters of the river into
the lake. The waters at present are imcontaminated by manufactories, or
anything of that sort. It is a barren region.

General Ernst: — An essential part of your plan is to divert the Calumet, by
a separate channel, into Lake Michigan?

Mr. Randolph : — Yes, sir.

General Ernst: — How much would the flow be?

Mr. Randolph: — -The flow from the Calumet is very slight, indeed, but in
flood times it is verv large, indeed, and it is at flood times that we want to care for
it.

General Ernst: — In one of jour hearing.^, before one of the Committees, you
stated that the flood water at Riverdalo was 750,000 feet per minute, amounting
to 12,500 cubic feet per second.

Mr. Randolph: — Yes, sir.

General Ernst: — Who made those measurements?

Mr. R.4ND0LPH: — I did not make them and I have forgotten who did make
them, but I am satisfied that they are reliable from the way in which they came.

General Ernst: — 12,500 cubic feet is disposed of?

Mr. Randolph: — Yes, sir.

General Ernst: — You have got to have a channel somewhere to carry that
amount of water?

Mr. Randolph : — Yes, sir. The flood waters cannot be brought through the
Calumet channel that is proposed to be built. It could not be taken care of.
We propose to have a lock there and at no time to take in more than 4.000 cubic
feet per second through that channel.

General Ernst: — In case of flood waters, the waters would have to come out
through the Calumet river or somewhere.

Mr. Randolph: — Somewhere, yes, sir, but under those conditions they would
not be carried out, if it were built as they now build the locks. You are familiar
with the conditions of the Calumet river. You know that for long periods the
water is practically stagnant; that there is no current there, and the sewage
lays in the stream and rots until it is swept out by the flood into the lake.

General Ernst: — As I understand it a part of the project is a diversion into
the State of Indiana, for which vou have no authority, and for which you have
been allowed .§200,000.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1195

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Mr. Randolph: — Yes, sir.

Commissioner Clinton: — You made the statement that Illinois would not
submit to a treaty which would limit the amount of water that might be passed
through this canal. I would like to ask why that statement was made. The
reason I ask is because this Commission has in view no such treaty and we have
heard of no such proposed treaty.

Mr. Randolph : — If I remember rightly the preliminary report of the Ameri-
can section recommended that we be limited by treaty to 10,000 cubic feet per
minute.

Commissioner Clinton : — The preliminary report of the American Section did
make that statement, and it is assumed that eventually the Niagara Falls situation
will have to be regulated by a treaty, but it was not presumed by the Commission
that a treaty would be made which would specifically limit Chicago to 10,000
cubic feet. Indeed, so far as the Commission is concerned, the idea of a general
treaty, if one were entertained — I do not mean really to speak for the Com-
mission, but to express my own ideas — a general treaty could not cover specifi-
cally each question arising on the lakes.

Mr. Randolph : — The general treaty would contain no names.

Commissioner Clinton : — It co\ild not take care of all the conditions that
arise, for instance in Chicago, I do not know but that this Commission had in
view the idea of limiting Chicago to a specific amount of water.

Mr. Randolph : — That is the impression I had.

Commissioner Clinton : — I think I can say that the Commission has no
such idea as that.

General Ernst : — Mr. Randolph, this system of sewage disposal which it
is now proposed to extend to the Calumet river, is based entirely on the report
of the Commission of 1887. No new studies of any other method of disposing
of the sewage of the Calumet region has been made, has it?

Mr. Randolph : — No, sir.

Addressed by Mr. Robert II. McCormick, President of the Chicago
Sanitary district.

Mr. McCormick addressed the Commission as follows : —

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, in behalf of the sanitary district of Chicago
and of the city, which is a part of the sanitary district, I welcome you to
Chicago, and I congratulate you upon the broad ideas that led you to come here
to study our situation. I wish to express my regret that circumstances over
which we had no control, and over which I am sure you had no control, made it
necessary to report to Congress before we could present our case. It was also
necessary for me, in my official capacity, to go before Cougi-ess and work against
your report. I make that statement because I hope there is no feeling harboured
by your Commission that we were playing around you and not paying you all the
respect which we are glad to say is your due. The point of view of the people
on this side of the country, the chief desire of the treaty of Great Britain is to
prevent the spoliation of Niagara Falls. The public Press, not only in New
York and Chicago, but all over the country, has drawn the attention of the
people to the fact that a number of corporations are taking the opportunity
of using the water power of Niagara Falls for their private gain and profit,

1198 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

with the loss of that great piece of scenery. It came as a surprise and shocii to
the Board of Trustees, of which I am President, to find that we were brought
in on the question of Niagara Falls. It never occurred to us that our flow would
be considered a part of the flow that it was considered, and for these reasons,
gentlemen, there was no object which would lead the city of Chicago, through
its Sanitary District Board, to take any more water from lake Michigan than it
absolutely has to take. It is not a profitable investment. Some persons would
like to get the right to locate a plant near Niagara and use power worth millions
of dollars, which would damage the country many millions of dollars ; there are
such men, seeking to increase their fortune by getting water from the Niagara
river and taking it from the falls ; but with us there is no such object. I am
glad you went down the canal yesterday and saw the enormous cost of the work.
You must realize the enormous cost of it. Do you believe, gentlemen, for the
purpose of widening the Chicago river about 30 feet the district spent one
million and a half dollars to get the right of way, to add a slight amount in the
flow to comply with the law? For that reason, gentlemen, we will never take
any water from Niagara Falls. We further found, and our representatives in
the House have concurred with us, that the use for which we are taking the water
was quite different from the use for which the water was taken at Niagara,
and I believe the Congress of the United States would say, if asked : ' ' Gentle-
men, we are going to recommend that not more than 60,000 cubic feet per second
be taken away from the falls." There is a certain number of power companies
on the Canadian side and a certain number of power companies on the American
side, organized for profit. The Canadian Government, in its wisdom and proper
functions, is making the power companies on the Canadian side pay a just share
on their profits. The Americans have shown no such foresight or statesmanship.

The sanitary district of Chicago and the municipal corporation have taxed
themselves over fifty million dollars, and are taxing themselves, not with the
idea of getting any profit out of it, but because the sanitary district does not
know, in its legal and constitutional capacity, any other way of disposing of
its sewage. They claim they need 60,000 cubic feet per second and the power
companies say they need it. I believe the Congress of the United States would
say, "Give the power companies nothing and give the people all they need for
the preservation of their health."

It is not necessary for me to suggest what may be needed in Canada in the
future. I do not know but that some time there will develop on the other side
of the great lakes a city similar to Chicago, equal in si'^e, which will need, perhaps
some system of drainage. If that should happen in my lifetime or in the life-
time of the gentlemen present, they would be the first to go to our National
Government and urge that they be given all the aid they need. So much for
Niagara Falls.

Now a word, which, if it came to me as an individual, I would not ask you
to listen to, but as it comes from the compiled knowledge and study of many
men, and is presented by me purely in my ofiicial capacity, I will put it before
you. Taking the great lakes from a commercial point of view, what happens?
We have a condition unknown anywhere in the world. We have a water-shed
a navigable waterway if you will, such as was never conceived of by the people
who framed the common law. We have a number of great reservoirs collecting
millions upon millions of gallons of water. This water can be used for com-
merce, for the benefit of the two great countries which lie side by side on this
continent. The question arises, "How can it best be used", and the answer
from every source must be "We do not yet know." We know the few locks
connecting the lakes have developed enormous trade. We know that the
foresightedness of our Canadian neighbors has been of great public benefit to
Canada and the United States, and we congratulate them upon their public

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1197

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

work. To-day, all over the country, and chiefly m this neighbourhood, the talk
of waterways is coming forward. It is stimulated particularlj- because a great
canal has been built near Chicago. It has been stimulated because Panama
canal is being built. It has been stimulated because the people of the United
States have had untold trouble witli their railroads. I am not here to talk
politics or anything else but drainage, but I have to refer to these things to
present the matter before you as I see it.

The cry is up all over the country, "How are we to regulate traffic rates,"
and opinion varies from no regulation to government ownership and having a
competing system of waterways. I do not pretend to hold any opinion upon
the feasibility of making many deep M'aterways throughout this country.
Emment men'and statesmen have opinions, and they are voicing thein. Millions
of cubic feet of water in the great lakes can be used as a reservoir for many
of the waters. There is talk of a waterway from Chicago eventually to New
Orleans. There is talk of a waterway from one of the great lakes to Pittsburg.
We are looking forward to the time when our Canadian neighbours or our eastern
neighbors will build a deep waterway from the great lakes to the ocean. Let
us be very careful how we take any action now which may bind our hands in
the future.

A treaty is the most sacred instrument that can be entered into, a treaty
between the two great English people, people who are so alive as we are. With us
a treaty is not something to be broken as soon as we begin to be irritated bj-
it. Why pass a general principle and treaty as I read in your report, gentlemen,
that no water should be diverted from the St. Lawrence channel ? It does not
necessarilly follow, if you take some water from it that there will be no water
there. It does not follow that if we have a channel in Illinois you will not have
a channel in Ontario.

Let the great lakes be kept ojjen for future negotiations. If — and I do
not believe it for a moment — if the flow into the Drainage Canal should lower
the lakes, works can be put between each lake to dam the water to a certain
height and a channel can be made there to give you the proper waterway.
To come do-mi to the fundamental fact of our very existence, the Governments
of the United States and the Canadian Section are complicated in the extreme.
The United States Government and the State Government have certain powers,
which, in turn, they may delegate to municipalities like our own. The State Gov-
ernment has said that for every one thousand hundred inhabitants we must flow
100,000 cubic feet of water down the river. Your Commission of the House of
Parliament and Congress, at jjresent acting together, camaot chaaige that law.
Should you be able and should you desire to limit the water going into the sanita-
rj- district now, the time would come when you could not do so. Our friends down
the Illinois valley have complained of trouble which we have endeavoured to
remedj' and thej' have put in a proper protest. The State of Missouri filed an
injunction suit which you lawyers will remember, over which the Supreme
Court of the United States took original jurisdiction, seeking to prevent our
flowng water through the Illinois liver into the Mississippi. The Supreme Court
held that there was no cause of action shown, and that if a cause of action were
shown, the Court might take some action.

We have spent over fifty million dollars now, and according to the best
engineering and scientific advice we can get we must spend twelve millions more
to build the two collateral channels, and then what? The possibihty that the
whole thing may be wiped out, the canal closed, and the great, growing prospects
of the West left floating in the air, without a thing to grasp or light on. The
people of the West are very much in earnest upon this matter They are also
verj- much in earnest in desiring to have a treaty ratified between Great Britain
and the United States covering all the questions on the great lakes. They are

19a— 82

1198 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

very much in earnest in wishing to have Niagara Falls preserved, and thej^ are
very much in earnest in their hope that you will not make a recommendation
which will cause the failure of any trade whatever.

General Ernst: — Is the Attorney for the sanitary district present?

Mr. E. C. LiNDLEY (Attorney for Chicago sanitary district) : — Yes, I am
here representing the Chicago sanitary district.

ADDRESS BY MR. E. C. LINDLEY, ATTORNEY FOR THE CHICAGO SANITARY DISTRICT.

Mr. C. E. Lindley, Attorney for the sanitary district of Chicago, thereupon
addressed the Commission as follows: —

Mr. Lindley: — As Attorney for the Sanitarj' District I was requested by the
Board to make a few suggestions to the Commission, but I will frankly tell you
at the beginning that I will not make any legal argument upon this occasion.

I do want to answer what seems to me to be a wrong impression which some
of the Commission have relative to the Calumet channel. As I have gathered
it, this Commission seems to think that the sewage in the Calumet district
should be dealt ^^'ith differently from that of other portions of this district.

The sanitary district has a frontage on the lake of something like thirty
miles. In that frontage on the lake there are opening into the lake the Calumet
and the Chicago rivers. There is no difference betweeii the legal status of
the Calumet district and this territory right here so far as the sanitary district
is concerned. When it was organized as a sanitary district, it was voted that
all the territorj' within it was so situated that it could be drained by a common
outlet. The people of that district have been taxed to build this channel, and
the people north of us have been taxed and will be taxed to complete this channel
just the same as the people here. It is a part of their system just as it is a part
of the system of the central portion of the city. South Chicago is just as much
a part of the city of Chicago as any of the little stations lying along the lake
front. There is no difference so far as the sewage is concerned between the
39th Street sewer, leading from Lake Michigan and emptying into our main
channel, and that of the main channel.

At 39th Street the city of Chicago has built an intercepting sewer. When
it is completed the waters of Lake Michigan will flow through that sewer into the
main channel. It is for the purpose of intercepting a sewer of a certain portion
of the city to keep it out of the lake, and the object of the Calumet channel,
so far as the sewage proposition is concerned, is identically the same — that it
is going to take the sewage of the district kno^vTi as the Calumet district and send
it down into our main channel. It is nothing but a collateral channel to the
main channel of the sanitarj' district, and the purposes for which it is being
built and the waters which will flow into it are the same as the purposes and the
same as the waters for the main channel, and the water is for the same purpose.

When all of the waters from all our collateral channels shall be collected
so as to flow into the main channel, as they will, the flow will then be only such
as is required by law for dilution. If we did not build the sag channel to carry
off the sewage of that district we would either have to extend the intercepting
sewer, that reaches from 39th Street, so as to go into that territory and bring
the water this way and take it out through there, but the volume of water required
for dilution would be no greater one way than the other.

Therefore, the purpose of all the channels, primarily is the purpose of sewage,
and all the water needed for all the channels is for the purpose of proper dilution.
1 do feel, however, that I should suggest to this commission one or two points,
without arguing them.

INTERNATIOXAl. WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1199

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

I have read, with considerable interest, the briefs that have been filed by
this Commission, the briefs filed by the Minneapolis and Minnesota Power
Company; I have read the various briefs filed by the Committee on Rivers and
Harbours, when the matter was there for hearing, and this Commission is familiar
with all the propositions of law which naturally arise in this case.

I will say that, between the proposition of law which have come up in this
connection and those which our In-others down tlie valley have raised, that we
seem to be between the coming and the going of the waters. There were some
people down the valley at some time who objected to all the water coming down
there and there were some people up here who objected to letting any of it go
down there. So far as the State of Illinois is concerned and the people of that,
State, we have established our rights relative to the waters going out. We-
do not want to become involved to too great an extent with the people on the
other side. We submit to the American members of this Commission that this
is a question Avhich should not be incorporated into a treaty, either by .specific
limitation or by general statement, or by putting in the power of a permanent
Commission the authority to determine how much the flow should be. As it
now stands when anyone wants to do anything which affects the waters of the
Chicago river, he has got to consult the municipality of the city of Chicago,
the municipality of the sanitary district, the State of Illinois, and the Federal
Government; and if you are going to add to it another body, and an inter-
national body, you can see the great troubles that will come to us whenever we
ma.y need some change made.

We submit as a proposition that there has been evidence here this morning:
that if the time ever does come when this district, by reason of its diversion
of waters, is going to affect the commercial interests of the great lakes, that
you can leave it with the American Government and the people who are
interested in the commerce on this side to see that we are stopped; that it is
not needed that there shall be an international commission to which that question
must be referred. If the time shall come when the American commerce, on
the American lakes, and the trade represented here to-day by five thousand
merchants, by the one thousand members of the Board of Trade, by the nine
hundred members of the Manufacturers Association, when their interest, which
is primarily the interest of commerce, after all, is deleteriously affected by our
acts, you can leave it to them to put a stop to it, without asking the aid or assist-
ance of a foreign country.

It has been suggested by the Governor, through our Chief Engineer, that
there are certain rights of the State to be observed. I take it that if this Com-
mission and ourselves were to discuss the legal status, that we will not differ.
I take it that there is no dispute but that the territory — the bed of Lake Michigan
lying west of the center line of the lake and south of the northern line of Illinois^
belongs to the State of Illinois. It has been so decided by the Supreme Court
of the United States. It has likewise been decided that the bed of the lake
belongs to them; and while the waters belong to them for public use, it has
likewise been decided by the courts that the peoples living upon rivers and lakes
have the right to use such waters as may be needed for sanitarj^ and domestic
purposes, and that that right is paramount to the right of navigation, not-
withstanding, I believe, some suggestions in some of the briefs, that it was not.

If I understand the law correctly upon that proposition it is this: That
the right for domestic purposes, which must include sanitation, the right that
has accrued to every person to have riparian ownership from time immemorial,
that that right has been held to be paramount to the right of navigation, upon
the theory that it could not interfere with navigation, for the reason that the
amount of water so used was, in the presumption of the law, so small as com-
pared with the amount required for navigation that it would never interfere

19a— 821

1200 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKIS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

tlierewitli. And that comes up to thi.s question: You are purposing to limit,
or recommend the limitation of the amount of the flow or diversion from the
lake for this purpose. In other words, suppose you did limit it to 10,000 or
14,000 cubic feet a second; if you did put a limit, you have laid upon this Dis-
trict a legislative injunction, saying "You can go so far but no farther."

I do not need to suggest to this Commission any principles concerning
injunctions generally; that when a lawyer goes into court, either in Canada
or in the United States or England, that he must make a showing before he
can get a prohibiti^■e Avrit. He would have to show clearly that he was going
to be injured in some respect if the writ ditl not issue, and I submit to this
Commission, for its consideration as a legal proposition, that it has not been
established so clearly and so definitely that any interests will be injured unless
we are limited so as to justify the legislative injunction against the flowing
of more than a certain amount of water from Lake ISIichigan.

One other point: In 1822 and 1827 the Congi-ess of the United States passed
certain acts granting to the State of Illinois certain lands extending from here
to the City of Ottawa for the construction of a channel to connect Lake Michigan
with the navigable waters of the Illinois. Pursuant with that grant the State
of Ilhnois did construct a channel, known as the Illinois and Michigan canal,
leading from the Chicago liver, not more than, I assume, half a mile from
where our present chamiel connects the headwaters of the Illinois river. The
waters of Lake Michigan, since that time, upwards of eightj- years, have flowed
from Lake Michigan into Illinois river, for the purpose of navigation and
carrying away the sewage of the City of Chicago. It was in pursuance to
that grant and in the belief that they possessed the right to build and maintain
and forever keep a waterway sufficient for the purposes, as the law was worded,
that they undertook that work.

Thej- have spent, iia the construction of that canal, and in the construction
of the canal which the sanitary district has constructed, upwards of eightj^
million dollars. That construction has been going on for eighty years. It
has been open and notorious. It has been the subject of international agreement
with Canada. Canada lias known it; England has knowii it; the United States
Government has knowii it, and we have known it for eighty years. We have
supposed from the beginning that we had the right guaranteed us from the
begimiing, to have a waterway which would keep up with the permanent interests
of the country. It would have beon foolhardy for us to have started out upon
such a system if we had been notified from the beginning that at a certain
period we could not make that work commensurate with the needs of commerce.
And we submit, as a suggestion along this line that, with our o-miership in
the bed of the lake, wdth our owaiership in the water, with the fact that Lake
Michigan lies wholly within United States territory, that in view of the fact
that it has not been clearly shown that this work will affect any other interest
detrimentally, substantially, in view of the fact that we have proceeded along
this line so long, it is not now becoming on the part of either of the Governments
that they should seek to stop us in the midst of that work, which is now- only
half completed, and let the great expense that we have gone to go to waste.
^i> Gentlemen, there are several other propositions that I would like to discuss,
but I have alreadj' transgressed upon your patience, and I thank you.

General Ernst: — Is there anyone here representing the Calumi't river
basin?

Mr. Stevens Foster: — I represent the Calumet river basin.

General Ernst: — We will hear from you.

INTERNATIOSAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1201

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a
ADDRESS BY MR. STEPHEN FOSTER, REPRESENTINfi THE CALUMET HIV EH BASIX.

Mr. Stephen Foster then addressed the Commission as follows: —

Mr. Chairman, I would like to say a few words, not as an attorney for
the sanitary district, but as a Calumet man, on the Calumet district. I
was a Calumet man long before I Ijecame attorney for the sanitary district,
and I expect to continue to be a Calumet man long after I cease to be an attorney.

When I went down the main channel with you gentlemen yesterday, it
did not occur to me that it was at all probable that I should appear before you
today, but in talking to you yesterday and listening to the discussion this morning,
it seems to me certain pertinent facts in connection with the Calumet territory
should be presented to you. Some of the American Members of the Commission
are doubtless familiar with them, but I think other members are not.

I brought over this morning with me a map showing the sanitarj- district
and the confines of the Calumet river. It is not distinctly marked here, but
the confine of the original sanitary district, as organized in 1889 and existing
up to 1903, extended on the north to this point and on the south to this point,
(Indicating upon plan) including the major portion of the city of Chicago,
but not all of it. On the north we have the city of Evanston, the towns of
Winnetka and others, running up to Lake Forest, the drainage and sewage
from which emptied into Lake Michigan and polluted the water supply of these
several mmiicipalities and of the city of Chicago. On the south we had the
Calumet territory, so called, taking its name, I believe, from the old town of
Calumet, of which I am a resident and of the Calumet river, which flowfe
through its centre. That territory likewise was emptying its sewage into the
Calumet river, directly into Lake Michigan, and polluting the waters of Lake
Michigan, and so the surrounding suburbs of Chicago and the water supply
of the city of Chicago.

At this point you will see the Hyde Park crib, indicated upon that map.
We call that the 68th Street pumping station, or at least the pumping station
is on the shore, taking the waters from the Hyde Park crib. That is located
a distance of about three miles from the mouth of the Calumet river. From
that pumping station the water supply of Chicago is drawn, the supply for all
the people of Chicago south of 14th street. That is not the exclusive source of
supply but the mains of J;he city of Chicago are so connected that water from
that pumping station finds its way into the mains as far north as 14th Street.
I have not the exact figures here as to the population of the city of Chicago
at any time south of 14th Street. South of 39th Street, a j3oint two miles south
of 14th Street, the population, in 1900, was 415,000 people, 67,000 people more
than in the entire city of Buffalo, of which one of your members is a citizen.
I only speak of that as showing the magnitude of the interests involved here
and the large number of people who draw their water supply from that source.

Further than that, that is the portion, of Chicago that is growing fastest,
and as you get farther south, toward the Calumet district, you find the ratio
of increase greater. I am not talking about estimates; I am talking about federal
figures, and the last federal census we have was in 1900. The increase in popu-
lation in the entire city, from 1890 to 1900, was from 1,000,000 to 1,593,000,
or an increase of 54 per cent. South of 39th street the population in 1890
was only 182,000, while in 1900 it was 416,000, an increase of 127 per cent.
Chicago, south of 63rd Street and 55th Street, there being a jog in the boundaries
of our wards coming over here, (indicating upon plan) the population of that
portion of Chicago in 1890 was only 75,000 while in 1900 it was 199,000, an increase
of 165 per cent. In my own ward, the old 34th, the largest ward, territorially,
i n the the city of Chicago, our increase was from 30,000 to 91,000, or an increase
of 200 per cent. Nearly those same figures represent the growth in the ward

1202 DEPARTMENT OF PIBLIV WORKf^

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

Ij'iug east of me, South Chicago. The question j^ou gentlemen seem to desire
to consider mainly is this Calumet project, and that has interested me manj'
years. That territory is growing, as the figures shoM', and the city authorities,
recognizing that growth, are providing for it as best they can. There are new
and large land tunnels being constructed today, costing millions of dollars and
extending out to that 68th Street crib for the purpose of supplying the people
of that district with the waters drawn from Lake Michigan. For a long time we
had a great deal of difficult}' getting any sewers in that district. Some of us, who
were foresighted enough in the early days got the sewers in before the city of Chi-
cago awoke to the fact of the importance of the ciuestion that is now confronting
us and you — pure water for Chicago. We got our sewers built, but in other
districts no sewers were constructed and the city authorities took the position
that no sewers should be constructed in the Calumet territory, emptying into
the Calumet river, because by so doing they knew that the water supply of
Chicago was polluted and the lives of its citizens endangered.

What was the result? In the vast Calumet territory to-day there are enter-
prises on every hand; at South Chicago, near the mouth of the river, the Illinois
Steel Company, represented by Mr. Haynie to-day, employing eight thousand
or nine thousand men. If you go up the Calumet river, as far as 122nd street,
four miles, I think, from the mouth of the river, all along at intervals you will
find gTeat enterprises. Over on the other side of Lake Calumet is the great
Pullman Company, with eight thousand or nine thousand employees; at West
Pullman, further west, the International Harvester Company has one of its
great plants, as it has a second one on the Calumet river. These great plants
are magnets for men and they go there. Where do Xh&y live? They live in
streets where there are open sewers, in manj' instances, in districts out there
that are attractive. I am fortunate in living where we have sewer connections,
but there are many good citizens of Chicago who, when they step out from their
homes, have to cross an open ditch filled with slime and have to hold their noses
and they don't know whether they will have to get off in such a place as we did
at Bubbly Creek last night.

To take care of that situation, since the annexation of the sanitary district
to the city of Chicago, in 1893, the citj- of Chicago has given great attention
to the building of this great sewer. When it is completed it will drain seventeen
or eighteen miles of territory.

I wish it had been possible for you gentlemen to have visited that river.
It is a noble stream. And I wish you could have seen the territory out there.
The physical conditions of Chicago impressed you yesterday. I understood you
to comment on its mifavorable condition; this great, flat prairie—why should
anj'body have built a city here? It was built here because of the Chicago
river, because of the navigation interests, because of the commerce that came
to this great harbour. But at the Calumet we have a harbour which, I am sure,
the engineer will back me up in saying is superior to the Chicago Harbour. It has
been pronounced by the United States Engineers, from the earliest times, and
conspicuously by Major Marshall, as the greatest artificial harbour on the great
lakes.

That situation is drawing people there, just as such a situation drew people
here, AVe are going to have a great city south of us, ))art of Chicago, as vitally
interested and as patriotic as any other part, but still, in a sense, a distinct com-
munity, having interests which have been only partially represented here today.

I will call j-our attention to the winding character of the course of the
Calumet river. The so-called Grand Calumet rises in Indiana and flows, or
rather exists — because it does not flow; it is an absolutely stagnant body of
water — east, and comes to the forks at this point, and thence north into Lake
Michigan (Indicating upon plan.) The so-called Little Calumet, which is

IXTERNATJOXAL UU'fA'A'll ll'.V COMMIStilON 1203

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

really ii great deal larger stream than the Orancl Calumet, so far as the water-
shed is concerned and so far as the amount of water that flows through it is
concerned, rises here in Indiana and comes east (Indicating upon plan) and then
makes a sharp bend east, adjoining the Grand Calumet at the forks and flowing
north into Lake Michigan.

I am not an engineer and as to the possibilities of many of these plans that
liave been worked out, I shall not address you. The proposed cut-off alluded to
by General Ernst is marked in red here, to be constructed, I understajid, to take
care of the water-shed in Indiana, and a dam is indicated on the map here for the
purpose of diverting the water back that way. (Indicating upon the plan.) All
of that water it is intended shall go back into Lake Michigan in that way, but the
Avaters that it is proposed to take care of by this Calumet channel are those from
this point here and from South Chicago there. (Indicating upon the plan.)
This map is on a small scale. Each of those little squares is a square mile.
(Indicating as before.) The distance from the mouth of the Calumet river to
Center Avenue, the beginning of the proposed Calumet channel, is about twelve
or thirteen miles. It is not near that cross country. Some engineers of the past,
when they spoke about waterways, indicated a cut-off in Lake Michigan. We
are not talking about that. Around the river it is about thirteen miles.

The Calumet river has abrupt turns. It winds around the marshes. It
is a great cluck country, in many portions. It has low, swampy laud, and some
of the plants I have alluded to are located on land where they must have put
their foundations into the water because the land was so low.

The river at its mouth is one of the important, navigable waterways of the
United States. It has been so recognized. Some of our friends in this city have
been a little jealous of us because the United States Government has been so
liberal in its provisions for dredging the Calumet river. As I remember the
total appropriations have amounted to four or five million dollars for the Calumet
river and Calumet harbour. It is a magnificent harbour. The authorities have
given that a width of 200 feet by at least 20 feet deep at its mouth and extending,
according to the present project, to r22nd street. I am not positive that the full
depth goes there. Therefore we have a stream several miles long, 200 feet wide
by 20 feet deep, with sewers emptying into it every few blocks. That is the
South Chicago situation.

South Chicago, of itself, has some 50,000 population, resident there, and a
good many more that would reside there if the sanitary conditions were such as to
permit them. Hundreds of men there get on the street cars and the steam rail-
roads, coming up into the city, rather than live in a place where they can't have
sewers.

Around through here there is very little building that has been done;
(indicating upon plan); it is largely marshy. Over here you begin to strike the
towns. (Indicating.) At Indiana Avenue there is a large sewer that drains
Pullman. There is a cluster of towns in there with about 40,000 people. (In-
dicating upon plan.) In less than a mile further west you come to the great
Wentworth Avenue sewer, 103^2 feet in diameter, next to the largest sewer
in the city of Chicago, serving a large territority, going north to 91st street, I
think. A little further west is the Halstead street sewer, 4:}^ feet in diameter;
at Ashland Avenue a three-foot sewer. Over at Blue Island, a separate munici-
pality, claiming 10,000 people, the sewage goes into the Calumet river. Coming
up here, around the bend to Harvey, there are 4,000 more people, whose sewage
empties into the Calumet river. There is sewage all along in that river. A big
body of water, near the mouth, the sewage empties into the lake and pollutes the
waters of the lake. The Calumet is a winding channel, of varying depth.
Major Marshall said, in 1888, the Calumet river had an average depth of eight
feet. He had elaborate surveys made, and I suppose we can relj' on his figures,

1204 DEPARTMENT OF PCBLIV WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

but there are places that are shallow and places that are deep. There are pools
in places. I am not an engineer, as I have stated, and as you very likely have
realised from what I have said, but it seems to me a physical impossibility to
suck out of a body of water the size of the Calumet river the sewage and carry it
off without a large project out there.

I am not here to discuss the various forms of the disposal of sewage. Pos-
sibly Chicago has made a great mistake in having adopted that method; possibly
it ought to have adopted something different. I don't know about that. But
I do know the great crjing need of that district, a district next to this Sanitary
district, with one hundred square miles of territory, with a population of
150,000 people, ^\•ith industries representing many millions of invested capital,
employing, I have no doubt, upwards of thirtj- thousand men and a nucleus
for a population two or three or four times what we now have — the crying need
of that territory is drainage.

There are districts in that territory that are under water in the spring. It
used to be a joke appearing in the papers that out at Burnside some three or
four people would get into the water and were dro^\^led going to school — school
children. I have seen all that territory under water. We don't want anything
done that is going to prevent getting drainage out there. We were against that
proposition with a municipality of much less importance and dignity, I confess,
than the ones represented here; but we do not want to be confronted ■\Aath an
international treaty that is going to prevent building the Calumet Channel.
The Calumet Channel as proposed by the engineers — and I think they are unani-
mous in their opinion, as to the necessitj' of channels of that size — will have a
flow of 22 feet of water. It seems to me that is the mininunn of what is neces-
sary. If we have just a little stream coming out of the top of a big bodj^ of water,
with sewage trickling into that big body for 12 or 13 miles, what is going to be
the result? There is not going to be any scouring; the sewage will settle at the
bottom and collect in pools and when the spring freshets come on, the sewage
will be taken out into the lake and deposited near the crib and pollute our water
supply.

It is admitted, I imderstand, that we cannot take care of all the spring
floods, but that is merelj' a temporary matter. Suppose, for the period of a
month in the spring — and that is as long as our floods last — this channel was to
be partly closed, if the channel was pure and had not collected in it a great
amount of sediment, the sewage that would get down to the lake would be of
verj' little importance and would be swept into the river and -through the
channel when the Calumet was opened again; but if j^ou attempt to take a
small stream out of that great body of water or attempt to pump it
out, it seems to me it is a self evident proposition that sewers emptying thirteen
miles away, in South Chicago, into a stream that crossed a section 200 by 20,
that that sewage would sink to the bottom, would collect there and there would
be no power to take it out. The fall from South Chicago to Blue Island is only
about one foot and 22 feet of water in that channel will only give the natural
depth of water to take care of that large mass in the river and to keep the bottom
of the channel scoured.

It has been suggested that we could create, by pumping or by some other
device, a small stream, and that we could get a more rapid current, and so not
have the necessitj^ of so large a channel. That, however, is a consideration
that would not appeal to you, anj-how, because what you want to consider is
the question of the amount of water. You do not care whether it comes fast or
slow, but I repeat, as to that, it is an utter impossibilitj', it would seem, because
of the navigation interests involved.

The commerce of the Calumet river has increased in the last ten years at a
ratio of about 500 per cent. It is a great harbour. The United States Govern-

l\Ti:i!\ATIOAAL ir.l7y:,7,'ll ir.S (■(t\IMIssloX 1205

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

ment to-day exercises jurisdiction over it and would never permit a current
in it that would endanger the navigation interests.

What I have said has been on the part of the Calumet territorj-. I linovv
that I voice the feehngs of every resident of that district. I expected to have
some better views here, inasmuch as you were not able to see the Calumet
river, but I am sure this plan will convince you of the truth of my statement,
together with this photograph, that the river is 250 feet wide, near the point where
channel begins. Substantially it is 200 feet wide and as to its depth we have
Major Marshall for our authority, that it is eight feet.

General Ernst: We will now hear from the Mayor of LaSalle.

REMARKS BY .MR. WALTER FANNBCK, MAYOR OF LASALLE, ILLINOIS.

Mr Walter Panneck then spoke as follows: —

I know very little of the difficulties of Chicago, the difficulties you gentle-
men have had to contend with, but I come here representing the people some
100 miles west of Chicago. When, some years ago, the drainage proposition
was submitted to the people of the Illinois valley, the people of Peru, Spring
Valley, Morris, Marseilles, Peoria, and all throughout that district sent represent-
atives to Springfield to fight the proposed law. The law was finally passed upon
the propositon that so many hundreds of thousands of feet of water were to go
through the locks at Lockport or be sent down from Chicago, so that the water
of the Illinois river would not be polluted any more than the city of Chicago
could possibly help. The matter at that time was compromised and, I believe,
that law was i)assed by the legislature.

If a treaty were to restrict the flow of water, if we were to be the dumping
ground of the sewage system of the city of Chicago without sufficient water to
dilute it or carry it down further, I say, so far as our city is concerned, situated
as we are, on a hill, with the great area of bottom territory overflowed in the
spring or by the Illinois river, it would mean undoubtedly that a great deal of
this matter would be deposited upon the bottom lands and more or less affect
the health of our people.

I do not know what the sentiment of the Commission is. I do not know
what the trouble is here, but on behalf of these people, we appeal to this Commis-
sion not to restrict the flow of water. The trouble with us has been and is
now that the drainage trustees do not give us enough water.

General Ernst : That concludes the list of speakers, unless someone else
desires to be heard.

Mr. E. J. Ward : I would like to say a few words, Mr. Chairman.

Remarks by Mr. E. J. Ward, Marseilles, Illinois.

Mr. Chairman, as a resident for over fifty years of the Illinois valley, having
lived along and upon the banks of the Illinois river for forty years, I wish to
answer President McCormick's question, which he failed to answer — "What
next"?

He said in substance, if the sanitary district should fail to turn down
the amount of water stipulated in the organic laws of the district, "what next"?
I will tell him what next. That same law contains a clause which provides, if the
sanitary district does not turn down that amount of water, any municipality
or individual in the state of Illinois can file the necessary information with our
Attorney-General — and by the way this clause was put there at the behest of

1206 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

the valley people — any citizen can file the necessaiy information with our Attor-
ney-General and then it becomes his duty to go before the Supreme Court and
file mandamus proceedings to compel the sanitary district to turn down
the flow necessary to protect our health ; and I can assure the gentlemen that
if they fail to do it some municipality in that valley, or a combination of us, will
certainly take advantage of that clause.

Now, gentlemen, the health of our little ones down in the valley depends
upon that. We have reared them and we are rearing them there, and there are
others yet to come. We ask you gentlemen not to restrict that flow, for if you
do, really, in time we will not stand for it. These little ones will not, as they grow
up, see themselves and their friends and their little ones carried to the cemetery
for the sake of the sanitary district or for the sake of any treaty.

Gentlemen, without any disrespect to you, in the future, when those little
ones grow up and learn that the enforcement of such a treaty is causing many of
their own ofi'-spring and their neighbors to die, in diplomatic language, you
will find that the treaty has lieen outlawed.

General Ernst : Whom do you represent?

Mr. Ward : I do not represent any special place. I am a resident of the
valley. I am from Marseilles. Our Mayor has spoken.

General Ernst : That completes the list.

Mr. LiNDLEY : I wish to call the Commission's attention, and the attention
of the lawyers particularly, to the decision of Justice Holmes in the Missouri-
Illinois case, in the 200th U.S., and particularly to that portion of the decision
which holds that we are within the watershed of the Mississippi, and that the
Government brought us so, by the Legislative Acts of 1822 : and therefore the
water has a right to flow that way.

General Ernst : If there is to be no further speaking the public session will
now be closed.

(After a brief intermission, previous to the executive session, Mr. H. N.
Ruttan asked the privilege of addressing the Commission and spoke as follows :)

Remarks by Mr. H. N. Ruttan.

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the question upon which I have been asked
to address the Commission is the diversion of Avater from the headwaters of
the Winnipeg river in Manitoba. I represent the city of Winnipeg, at the
instructions of the Mayor. I am the City engineer of Winnipeg. On the river,
at the present time, there are constructed and under construction water power
plants to the extent of about 60,000 to 70,000 horsepower.

General Ernst : What river is this?

Mr. Ruttan : The Winnipeg river. The city of Winnipeg is now pre-
paring plans and has voted the money for the construction of a 50,000 horsepower
plant, from which power is to be transmitted a distance of 75 miles into the City
of Winnipeg, and tiiere are several other large developments going on upon that
river, in some of which Chicago companies are largely interested.

It has come to the knowledge of the city of Winnipeg that the Minnesota
Canal Company proposes to devote a portion of tlie headwaters of the Winnipeg
river from that river into the St. Lawrence water-shed and that an application
has been made to your commission for permission to make that diversion. The
city of Winnipeg is, of course, very much opposed to any water being diverted

rXTERXATIOyAL \VATEnWATHi COMMISSION 1207

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

from the water-shed to which it naturally belongs. And I might mention that
a gauging of the Winnipeg river at the proposed site of the power works being
constructed by the citj* of Winnipeg, showed a flow of 19,000 cubic feet a second.

It is assumed that at some time the water had been slightly more than that
and that the minimum flow had been taken at about 17,000 cubic feet per second.
We have not had a direct statement as to the amount of water which the Min-
nesota Canal Company proposes to divert, but I will give you these figures in
order that you may judge it should they be allowed to take away the water
as it is proposed to do.

I have nothing more to say except that between Fort Francis, where a
large car company is constructing a power plant, and the city, the fall is some-
where about 300 feet. So you will be able to estimate the value of that river
for power purposes. And I will call your attention to the fact that it has a
particular value because coal in the prairie district surrounding Winnipeg is a
very expensive commodity and our onlj' hope of inducing manufacturers into
that district is to develop the water power.

1208 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

LIST OF ADDRESSES BY

William Duff Haynie, Representing Illinois Maufrs. Assn.

David E. Forgan, President of Chicago Commercial Association.

Commissioner Gibbons.

B. A. Eckhart, President of Chicago Board of Trade.

Franklin H. Head, Representing The Commercial Club.

Frank G. Hoyne, Representing Chicago Real Estate Board.

John G. Gilchrist, Representing Chicago Industrial Club.

E. J. Ward of Marseilles, Illinois.

H. B. McKahin, Mayor of Marseilles, Illinois.

Charles E. Hook, Mayor of Ottawa, Illinois.

Mr. C. A. Noble, Representing the Mayor of Joliet, Illinois.

George Bedford, Representing the Mayor of Morris, Illinois.

THE GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS, Represented by Isham Randclpk

Robert R. McCormick, President, Chicago Sanitary District

E. C. Lindley, Attorney for Sanitary District of Chicago.

Stephen Foster, Representing the Calumet River Basin.

Walter Panneck, Mayor of La Salle, Illinois.

E. J. Ward, of Marseilles, Illinois.

H. N. Ruttan, City Engineer of Winnipeg, Manitoba.

1913

INTERNATIONAL ArATEriWAYf? COMMIfiSION 1209

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

PROPOSED DAM AT THE OUTLET OF LAKE ERIE.

FiN.\L Report of the International Waterways Commission on the

Matter.

International Waterways Commission,

Office of American Section,

Buffalo, N.Y., .lime 20, 1913.
The honourable Minister of Public Works of Canada:

The honourable Secretary of War of the United St.'\.tes:

1 . The act of the Congress of the United States which requested that the
Ciovernment of Great Britain lie invited to join in the formation of the Inter-
national \A'aterwayi< Commission defined one of the duties of that commission
as follows;

'The said commissioners shall report upon the advisability of locating
a dam at the outlet of Lake Erie, with a view to determining whether such dam
will benefit navigation, and if such structure is deemed advisable, shall make
recommendations to their respective Governments looking to an agreement
or treaty which shall provide for the construction of the same, and the}^ shall
make an estimate of the probable cost thereof.'

2. It so happens that the term 'dam' may apply to various works of
which the character and object are very different. At the time of passing the
act Congress had under consideration the report of the board of engineers upon
deep waterways between the Great Lakes and Atlantic tidewaters, dated June
30, 1900, in which it was recommended that the level of Lake Erie be
' regulated ' — that is, that its oscillations be reduced — by means of a dam
consisting of a submerged weir and of a set of sluice gates placed at its outlet
near the head of the Niagara River. The object of these works would have
been to raise the low-water surface of the lake without raising the high water,
thus completely regulating its level.

It seems probable that this was the kind of works which Congress had
in mind when using the term 'dam.' But the term " dam " may also be applied
to a submerged weir without sluice gates, the object of which would be to raise
the level of the lake at low water as well as at high water almost to an equal
amount, though in the study oT the question it was found possible to give the
dam a form which will accomplish a partial regulation.

To distinguish works of this latter kind from those designed to 'regulate'
the lake, they may be called 'compensating works.' Thus, the subject has
two branches — one, the complete regulation of Lake Erie, and the other, the
raising of its level without complete regulation.

3. Naturally, consideration of the complete regulation of the lake was taken
up first. It was the subject of our report, dated January 8, 1910, which was
printed and distributed by this commission, and was also published by the
United States Government as House Document No. 779, Sixty-first Confgress,
second session. A few of the statements made, as well as the conclusions reached,
in that report, will bear repetition here.

4. The Great Lakes, with their connecting channels, constitute the most
important system of inland navigation in the world. The traffic which passed

1210 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

through Detroit River, its busiest link, in 1910 amounted to 73,526,602 tons,
vahied at about 8771,000,000. About 80 per cent of this traffic is carried in
large freight carriers, which are loaded do\ni to the greatest draft that can be
carried into the harbours or through the channels between the Lakes, but could
be loaded much deeper if the depth of water permitted. Some of the larger
of these vessels carry an additional load of 85 tons for each inch of additional
draft. Every inch added to the available depth of water would therefore be
of material benefit to commerce.

5. The Great Lakes constitute a series of enormous natural reservoirs,
each of which serves to regulate the flow in the river constituting its outlet
and to maintain the lake below. They are interdependent. The study of
one, to be complete, must include the study of all. The total area drained
by them is about 287,688 square miles, an area considerably larger than the
German Empire. Of this total, about one-third is occupied by the Lakes them-
selves— that is, devoted to reservoir jjurjjoses. The result is a uniformity of
level and a uniformity of flow which are truly wonderful — a perfection of regu-
lation which no work of man ever did or ever will approach. The question
propounded was, ' Can the degree of ularetion progvided by nature be
improved?' Enormous forces were to be dealt with, and the results were
to be measured in inches. The subject was, therefore, as difficult as it was
important.

6. Soon after the organization of the commission a committee of two of
its engineer members was appointed to collect all of the available data and to
make an hydraulic analysis of the general regulation of all the lakes. All existing
records of water-level observations and discharge measurements made since
1860 were collected, anah'zed, tabulated, and studied. After a careful consi-
deration of all the data, the commission found that only a very moderate degree
of improvement in regulation over what nature provides is practicable in any
of the lake :, and that, such as it is, this improvement is obtained at the expense
and to the injury of the channels below. In the case of Lake Erie it would be
possible to raise the extreme low-water stage about 1 foot, and this in' turn
would raise the low-water stages of Lake St. Clair about 0.61 foot and of Lake
Huron-^Iichigan about 0.27 foot, all without appreciable increase in the extreme
high stages. But in doing this the low-water stage of Lake Ontario would be
lowered about 43^ inches, the available depth in the St. Lawrence Canals would
be diminished about 7f inches, and the city of Buffalo would suffer by increased
damage from floods and by a postponement of the date of opening navigation
in the spring. The question of damage to vested rights was thus introduced.
AVhile the advantages of regulation might outweigh the disadvantages if the
persons who were to benefit from the former were identical with those who
were to suffer from the latter, the tlifference was not great enough to justify
the two Governments in entering upon the vexatious question of damages.
The commission therefore recommended that the 'regulation' of Lake Erie
be not undertaken, meaning thereby the most complete practicable regulation
such as can be secured by a dam and sluice gates located at or near Buffalo.

7. The second branch of the subject committed to us, or works to raise
the level of Lake Erie with partial but not complete regulation, which we have
called 'compensating' works, is the subject of this report. Appended hereto
is the report of the committee specially charged with the investigation.

8. As was stated in our former report, the Niagara River at its extreme
upper end is an important safety valve for the protection of Buffalo from the
effect of storms, and should not be obstructed by a dam, but it seemed possible
that somewhere in the river, between Lake Erie and the Falls, a submerged dam
might be placed which would greatly benefit the navigation of the waters above
without injury to those below and with only minor damages, if any, to the

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1211

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

adjoining lands. To determine this question it was necessary to make a complete
survey of the Niagara River from Lake Erie to the Falls, including the topo-
graphy of the adjoining lands. This survey was made by the commission. A
survey was made also by the Canadian Government of the AVelland River, in
Canada, which enters the Niagara about a mile above the rapids approaching
the Falls. A sketch upon a reduced scale, showing the Niagara River in outline,
is appended. (PI. I.)

9. From a study of the maps it appears that the best site for a submerged
dam, or weir, is just above the Welland River, extending from Hog Island, at
the mouth of that river, to the mouth of Gill Creek, on the American side,
as showii on Plate II. As the Welland is a navigable stream, there would be
some advantage in placing the weir below its mouth, but the survey of that
river showed that a moderate increase in the height of its surface would submerge
a considerable area of valuable land. To provide for the navigation of the
Welland it is necessary to construct a lock at the Canadian end of the weir.
The object of placing the weir as near as possible to the foot of navigation is
to improve all of the navigable portion of the Niagara River above. A study
of the topography on both sides of the Niagara River showed that the water
surface at mean stage could lie raised as much as 3 feet at the site of the weir
without inflicting damage upon adjacent lands, except for a distance of about
IJ/^ miles immediately above the weir on the American side. At this place
it is proposed to construct a levee of suitable height to protect the land from
overflow.

10. The form to be given the weir has been the subject of careful investiga-
tion. In order to disturb as little as practicable the natural distribution of
flow through the different parts of the cross section of the river, the crest of the
weir is broken into four sections, as shown on Plate VI, the height given to each
section being such as will raise the surface of the water in that section 3 feet
at mean stage.

11. A cross section of the weir is shown in figure 1, Plate V. This form
was adopted after experiment with various types of weir made under as nearly
as possible true river conditions. The experiments were made at the hydraulic
laboratory of the college of civil engineering at Cornell University, which was
generously placed at the disposal of the commission for the purpose by the
authorities of the university. They are described in the report of the committee,
here appended. The type of weir desired is one which shall be very efficient
at high stages of the river, and much less so at low stages. The form adopted
fulfills these conditions, though it is quite possible that a still better form may
be developed with further experiment.

12. The effects of the weir upon the Niagara River at different places and
upon Lake Erie at low, mean, and flood stages are shown upon Plates III and
IV, the former through the Tonawanda Channel and the latter through the
Chippewa Channel. The plates show the natural surfaces at these three stages,
and also the backwater surfaces caused by the weir as computed by Bernouilli's
theorem for steady flow. The eff'ects are also given in Table No. 1. It appears
from this table that the level of Lake Erie will be raised 0-51 foot at extreme
low stage, 0-39 foot at mean stage, and 0-11 foot at extreme flood stage. A
low water the surface of the Niagara River will be raised 1 • 08 feet at the BufTalo
waterworks; 1-66 feet at Strawberry Island, about 5}/2 miles from the lake;
2-14 feet at Black Creek, about 11 miles from the lake"; 2-99 feet at La Salle
Landing, about 18 miles from the lake; and 3 05 feet at Schlosscr's Dock,
the foot of navigation. At flood stage these numbers are: For Buffalo water-
works, 0- 19 foot; for Strawberry Island, 0-42 foot; for Black Creek, 0-59 foot;
for La Salle Landing, 0-82 foot; and for Schlosser's Dock, 0-91 foot.

1212 DEPARTMEyr OP PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

13. The effect of raising the mean level of Lake Erie 0 • 39 foot would be to
raise the mean level of Lake St. Clair about 0-23 foot; and the mean level of
Lake Huron about 0 09 foot.

14. To change the level of a great inland sea like Lake Erie, upon the shores
of which are many populous cities, is a matter to be approached 'svith caution.
Any imjiortant increase in the height of the high-water level may cause serious
damage to the wharves and low-lying lands. Care must be taken to avoid
injury to vested rights. In this case, the ordinary high-water level is increased
only 0-38 foot, or 4}/2 inches, and the extreme flood stage at Buffalo is increased
only 0-11 foot, or 1^ inches.

15. The construction of the weir recommended in this report will affect
to some extent the levels in the first reach of the Barge Canal from Tonawanda
to Lockport. The level of the Niagara River at Tonawanda would be raised
by 1-71 feet at mean stage, and by 0-55 foot at flood stage, so that inasmuch
as no provision has been made at the entrance of the canal against the rise which
the construction of the weir will cause, it is in our opinion necessary to provide
for the construction of a guard lock, the cost of which is included in our general
estimate.

16. It is our opinion that the capacity of the lock to enter the Welland
River is a domestic question to be ilecided by the Canadian Government. We
have introduced an item of S500,000 in the estimates to provide for the construc-
tion of that lock, but its dimensions should conform to the capacitj- which the
Canadian Government shall determine to give to the connecting waterways,
and this estimate can be regarded only as a rough approximation.

17. The weir is to be constructed of concrete and its cost is estimated as
follows :

Rock cxeavadon, 36,300 cubic yards, at S4 per yard ? 14.5,200

Concrete, superstructure, 44.000 cubic yards, at S12 ppr yard 528,000

Concrete, substructure, 48,500 cubic yards, at SIO per vard 485,000

Cofferdam, 105,500 cubic yards, at ?3..50 per yard 369,250

Pumping and maintenance, lump sum 210,000

Lock into Welland River 500, 000

Guard lock at Tonawanda 500,000

Excavation for retaining walls along Niagara River, 16,000 cubic yards, at ^ per yard 48, 000

Concrete for retaining walls, 12..500 cubic yards, at §10 125,000

$2,910,4.50
Add for engineering and continEencics about 20 piT i-ent 589,550

Total $3,500,000

18. The great value to the navigation interest of an increase of 6 inches
in the low-water depth of Lake Erie has already been ]5oiiited out. The improve-
ment of Niagara River to be effected by the jirojiosed weir is important. An
incidental advantage in its construction is that it would eliminate the possibility
of the power companies at the Falls having any injurious effect upon the level
of Lake Erie. The Niagara River below the weir and the conditions upon
Lake Ontario and the St. LawTcnce River would remain without appreciable
change. The weir has small regulating effect upon the levels of Lake Erie,
the range of the oscillations of the lake being reduced about 4J4 per cent. The
average natural low stage, 571-3, is raised 0-45 foot, and the average natural
high stage is raised 0-38 foot, a difference of 0-07 foot. The storage in Lake
Erie is reduced only by that amount, which is not sufficient to affect the level
of Lake Ontario seriously.

19. It is possible that the Canadian Government may prefer to assume
the damages from overflow in the valley of the Welland River, which would
be caused by placing the Canadian end of the proposed weir below the mouth
of the Welland, and thus make the lock unnecessarj-. If so, provision for this
should hv made in any treatv.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1213

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

20. The commission believes that the very great advantages to navigation
interests will justify and amply repay the necessary expenditure, and we recom-
mend that a treaty be entered into between Great Britain and the United
States providing for the construction of the weir.

O. H. Ernest,
Brigadier General U. S. Army,

Retired,
Chairman American Section.

George Clinton,
Member American Section.

E. E. Haskell,
Member American Section.
W. Edward Wilson,
Attest. Secretary American Section.

Geo. C. Gibbons,
Chairman Canadian Section.

Louis Coste,
Member Canadimi Section.

Wm. J. Stewart,
Member Canadian Section.
Attest. Thomas Cote,

Secreatry Canadian Section.

Toronto, Ontario, December 13, 1912.

The International Waterways Commission:

Your committee, which was appointed to investigate the advisability of
locating a dam at the outlet of Lake Erie and the maintenance and regulation
of suitable levels on the other lakes in the Great Lakes system, closed its report
of December 4, 1909, upon this subject with the following paragraph:

'Your committee had hope to present a discussion of a project for compen-
sating Lake Erie for the loss of level due to diversions by works placed above
the rapids approaching Niagara Falls. A preliminary examination, however,
revealed a lack of data which prevents consideration of the question at this
time. '

Your committee now has the honour to submit a report upon this question,
thereby completing the duties assigned it.

It may be well at this point to quote a part of the act of the Congress of the
United States approved June 13, 1902, to more clearly understand this report:

'Sec. 4. That the President of the United States is hereby requested to
invite the Government of Great Britain to join in the formation of an inter-
national commission, to be composed of three members from the United States
and three who shall represent the interests of the Dominion of Canada, whose
duty it shall be to investigate and report upon the conditions and uses of the
waters adjacent to the boundary lines between the United States and Canada,
including all of the waters of the Lakes and rivers whose natural outlet is by
the River Saint Lawrence to the Atlantic Ocean; also, upon the maintenance
and regulation of suitable levels; and, also, upon the effect upon the shores
of these waters and the structures thereon, and upon the interests of navigation,

19a— 83

1214 DEPAUTMENT OF PUBLIC WOJRKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

by reason of the diversion of these waters from or change in their natural flow;
and, further, to report upon the necessarj^ measures to regulate such diversion,
and to make such recommendations for improvements and regulations as shall
best subserve the interests of navigation in said M-aters. The said commissioners
shall report upon the advisability of locating a dam at the outlet of Lake Erie,
with a view to determining whether such dam will benefit navigation; and
if such structure is deemed advisable, shall make recommendations to their
respective Governments looking to an agreement or treaty which shall provide
for the construction of the same, and they shall make an estimate of the probable
cost thereof. '

Niagara River is the outlet of Lake Erie and discharges into Lake Ontario ;
it is divided into two reaches by the Falls, the ' upper ' and the ' lower. ' The
upper reach is navigable from Lake Erie to Chippewa, Ontario, and to Niagara
Falls, N.Y., and is the reach with which we are at present concerned. Straw-
berry and Grand Islands divide a part of this reach into two chaimels, known
as Tonowanda and Chippewa. The distance from Lake Erie to the head of
Strawberry Island is approximately 4 miles and the fall in this distance at mean'
stage is 5-8 feet. The distance from the head of Strawberry Island to the end
of navigation bj' the Tonawanda Channel is 161-^ miles, and between the same
points by the Chippewa Channel is 121 miles. The fall in the'se reaches at
mean stage is 4-8 feet.

The natural conditions in this upper reach of river are therefore such as
to indicate that by placing a submerged weir of proper size at the end of naviga-
tion, or below Navy and Connors Islands, it might be possible to create sufficient
backwater to restore to Lake Erie a part, at least, of what it has lost in stage by
diversions, and at the same time greatly improve the navigation of the reach
of river under consideration.

It was this project that your committee had in mind when it closed its
report on December 4, 1909. Naturally, the question arises: Can the water
be raised sufficientl}' at the location indicated to actually restore to Lake Erie
a quantity worth while and at the same time keep Avithin control all flood waters,
particularly those that come from heavy southwest windstorms on Lake Erie?

To answer this question it was necessary to have more data than existed
at the time of our previous report. A careful topographic survey was required
of all lands likeh* to be affected and a type of wier best suited for the location
and conditions had to be determined.

Survej's were started early in 1910 and prosecuted as diligently as the
affairs of the commission would permit. The results from these did not become
available, however, until about the beginning of the present year. A detailed
topographic survey was made of the shores of the Niagara from Lake Erie to
within a mile of the Falls; the islands within this reach; and of the Welland
River from its mouth to its source, a distance of about 40 miles.

In order to determine the best type of weir, it was deemed necessary to
study various types under as nearly as possible true river conditions. These
studies were made at the hydraulic laboratory of the college of civil engineering
of Cornell Lfniversity, the use of which was generously offered for this purpose.
They covered experiments on seven dift'erent types, ranging in height from
3-7 to 6 02 feet and having in general a 3 to 1 upstream slope and a 1 to 1
downstream, five having a flat crest and the remainder a rounded crest. In
two of the flat-top types, the upstream, and in all the ■do\^^lstream corners
were rounded on a radius of 9 • 5 feet. On two of the flat-top and all of the round-
top types, the downstream nappe was an ogee curve.

These experiments were conducted by Mr. E. E. Haslam, assistant engineer
to the commission, and the results, which are given more in detail presently

lyTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1215

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

ill this report, furnisli what was being sought, namely, a type of submerged
weir that would be very efficient at high stages and much less so at low stages.

Fortified with these new data, a study was made of the probable effect
of submerged weirs placed at right angles to the general direction of the river
in the following localities: Willow Island, Port Day, Grass Island, and Gill
Island, as well as one on a line between Gill Creek ancl Hog Island, at the mouth
of Welland River, all as shown on Plate II. Only the last of these met the
conditions desired, and it is not thought necessary to give the results of the
studies of the rejected locations because the end to be attained is clearlj' set
forth in the consideration of the site finally chosen.

As shown in our previous report, the stage of water in several of the Great
Lakes will be materiality lowered by artificial diversions of water therefrom.
This loss of level on Lake Michigan-Huron, if 10,000 c. f. s. be taken through

10,000

the Chicago Drainage Canal, will for mean stage amount to =0-53 foot,

18,900
while the loss of level to Lake Erie due to this diversion and 1,000 c. f. s. through
the Erie Canal and 1,100 c. f. s. through the Welland Canal will at mean stage
10,000 2,100

amount to = 0-43 foot and = 009 foot, respectively, a total of

23,400 23,400

0-52 foot. The American power companies have also lowered the level of Lake
Erie probably by 0-08 foot.

The project here proposed for restoring the loss caused by these diversions
is the construction of a submerged weir of suitable type, on a line between Gill
Creek and Welland River, as shown on Plates I and II, of such a height of crest
as will create sufficient backwater to offset it.

To determine this, backwater curves have been computed, based upon
Bernoulli's theorem for steady flow, and these are shown on Plates III and IV,
the former being for the Tonawanda and the latter for the Chippewa Channel.
These plates and Table I show the natural stages of upper Niagara River for
low, mean, and flood conditions and also the compensated stages and backwater
for 3-foot backwater at mean stage, at the proposed Gill Greek- Welland River
weir.

The backwater on Lake Erie caused by the submerged weir has also been
computed by the supply, storage, and discharge method described on pages
53 and 54 of the commission's report upon the regulation of Lake Erie, dated
January 8, 1910, and the results by the two methods check very satisfactorily,
the latter giving 0-07 foot greater backwater in the high-water year of 1876
and 0 08 foot greater in the low-water year of 1895.

Owing to the fact that the weir has an increasing efficiency with increase
in stage, it was thought that the flow of the river might vary slightly from
present natural conditions and therefore might affect injuriously the stage
of water in the St. Lawrence Canals. The computed results show that the effect
on Lake Ontario of any variation in the flow from Lake Erie caused by the
submerged weir would be negligible. See Tables II and III, the former for
effect on Lake Erie, and the latter for effect on Lake Ontario.

The type of weir chosen, as best meeting reciuirements, is shown in cross
section on Plate V, Figure I. The longitudinal profile of its crest is shown
on plate VI where it \v\\\ be seen it has been divided into four sections, and the
weir crest for each section set at such an elevation that it will produce 3-foot
backwater at mean stage with the same distribution of flow of water across
the river under compensated conditions as under natural conditions.

This 3-foot rise in mean stage at the proposed weir would raise the level
of Lake Erie by 0-51 foot at low stage (570) ; by 0 • 39 foot at mean stage (572 ■ 6) ;

19a— 83J

1216 INTERNATIOyAL WATERM'ATS COMMISSION

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

and by 0-11 foot at flood stage (579-18). The increased stage of Lake Erie
would decrease the slope in Detroit River and would cause Lake St. Clair to
rise until the discharge through that river had a value equal to the present
discharge under natural conditions. When this condition occurred Lake St.
Clair would have risen in level by about 0-23 foot at mean stage. Likewise,
the increased stage of Lake St. Clair would in turn decrease the slope in St.
Clair River and Lake Huron-IMichigan would rise until the slope became such
as to produce a discharge in St. Clair River equal to its present discharge under
natural conditions. This increased stage in Lake Huron-Michigan, corresponding
to 572-6, mean level of Lake Erie, would be about 0-09 foot.

The discharge of the Niagara, corresponding to mean level of Lake Erie
of 572-6 (see report on regulation of Lake Erie) and fall of 5-12 feet Lake Erie
to Austin Street, Buffalo, is 209,100 c. f. s. ; the low-water discharge for stage
570, and fall of 4-52 feet Lake Erie to Austin Street is 153,200 c. f. s.; and the
flood discharge for stage 579-18 aud fall of 6-42 feet Lake Erie to Austin Street
is 376,700 c. f. s. It is this flood with which we are particularlj' concerned. By
reference to Plates III, IV, and VI and Table I it will be seen that this compen-
sated flood stage at the proposed weir would be 1 - 2 feet higher than the present
natural flood stage at this point. The compensated flood stage at Tonawanda
Island would be raised 0-55 foot above the present natural flood stage at this
point.

Ivnowing the elevation of the flood waters of this new compensated flood
stage from Lake Erie to the site of the proposed weir, the topographic surveys
previously referred to were studied with a view to determining the effect that
these new flood waters might have upon adjacent lands. So far as can be seen,
but little, if any, damage would result from the proposed weir placed on the
Gill Greek-Welland River Section. Our investigation has also showTi that it
would not be possible to raise the water at the weir by much more than 3 feet
without danger of damage from floods.

It should he here stated that it was found impracticable to place this weir
below the mouth of Welland River because of the large land areas that would
be affected along this stream by increased stage of flood waters.

As Welland River is navigable and as there is a connection between the
Welland Canal and the Niagara by this stream, it would be necessary to provide
a lock at the Canadian end of the weir, as shoT\'n on Plate II.

The construction of the weir recommended in this report will affect to
some extent the levels in the first reach of the Barge Canal, from Tonawanda
to Lockport. The level of the Niagara River at Tonawanda would be raised
by 1-71 feet at mean stage, and by 0-55 foot at flood stage, so that inasmuch
as no provision has been made at the entrance of the canal against the rise
which the construction of the weir will cause, it is in our opinion necessarj' to
provide for the construction of a guard lock, the cost of which is included in our
general estimate.

Having discussed the various engineering features of this project, we may
now set forth the advantages that would result. First among these is the
restoration to Lake Erie of 0-39 foot to its mean level. It is difficult to estimate
this in money value, but it certainlj- would be many times the cost of the weir,
in betterment of Lake Erie harbours and conditions at the mouth of Detroit
River.

Secondly, it would greatly improve the navigation of the upper Niagara
and thereby greatly benefit a locality which must sooner or later become a
harbour or shipping port for important industries.

Thirdly, it would eliminate the possibility of the power companies at
Niagara Falls having any injurious effect upon the stage of water in Lake Erie.
The river lielow the weir would remain unchanged.

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

1217

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Fourthly, conditions on Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River would remain
unmolested.

Lastly, a bridge could be made a part of this weir, which would provide
a free highway from one country to the other, open to the citizens of both.

ESTIMATE OF COST OF PROPOSED WEIR.

Rock excavation, 36, SOO.cubic yards, at $4 per yard S 145, 200

Concrete, superstructure, 44,000 cubic yards, at S12 per yard 528,000

Concrete, substructure, 48,500 cubic yards, at $10 per yard 48.5,000

Coilerdam, 105,500 cubic yards, at $3.50 per yard 3(19,2.50

Pumping and maintenance, lump sum 210,000

Lock into Welland River .500,000

Guard lock at Tonawanda 500, 000

Excavation for retaining walls along Niagara River, 16,000 cubic yards, at $3 per yard 48,000>

Concrete for retaining walls, 12,500 culiic yards, at $10 per yard 125,000

$2,910,450
Add for engineering and contingencies 20 per cent 582, 090

Total $3,492,540

SUBMERGED-WEIR EXPERIMENTS.

As previously stated in this report, submerged-weir experiments were made
upon seven different types of weirs, ranging in height from 3-70 to 6-02 feet.
All of the models were approximately 4 feet long. The following table, No. 4,
gives the dimensions of the several models tested:

T.ABLE No. 4. — Dimensions of submeroed-weir models.

Model

No.

Length .

Height.

Feet.

Feet.

1

4 005

602

2
3

4-01
401

4-53
4-53

4

402

5-17

5

4 005

4-35

6

4 005

3-70

7

4 005

3-70

Crest.

Width
bot-
tom.

Feet.

Flat, 6 feet wide

31-76

"

25-79
27-33

Rounded, radius
9-5 feet.

27-70
23-50

Flat, 6 feet wide

23-50

«

25-04

Upstream
face.

1-3 slope.

Down-
stream
face.

1-1 slope.

Remarks.

Upstream corner sharp,
downstream corner round-
ed, radius 9-5 feet.

Up and down stream cor-
ners rounded, radius 9-5
feet.

Ogee curve downstream face.

Ogee curve bottom, down-
stream face.

Upstream corner sharp,
downstream corner round-
ed, radius 9-5 feet Ogee
curve bottom down stream
face.

Up and down stream corners
rounded, radius 9-5 feet.
Ogee curve bottom down-
stream face.

These models were placed in a wooden flume 95-5 feet long, 10 feet high,
and 4 feet wide, constructed in the open concrete canal of the hydraulic laboratory
at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 1 he dimensions of the' canal are 418 feet
long, 16 feet wide, and 10 feet deep. Ihe grade of bottom of channel is approx

1218

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v.. A. 1913

imately 1 foot in 500. A bulkhead located about 60 feet from upper end of
canal divides it into two parts. A standard sharp-crested weir placed on top
of this bulkhead measures the ciuantity of water flowing in canal. The wooden
flume mentioned above was built in this canal, the upper end being located
about 87 feet below the standard weir. The upper end of flume had a bell-
shaped mouth, about 15 feet long, converging from 16 feet, the width of canal,
to 4 feet, the width of flume. The crest of weir of tested models was placed
about 46 feet below upper entrance to bell mouth. The flow of water over the
standard weir, through the canal, and over the experimental models was regulated
by gates at the head and foot of canal. By the manipulation of these gates
various discharges, submergences, and heads on the experimental weir models
were secured. The upstream head was measured in the flume with a plumb-bob
attached to steel tape at a point about 25-5 feet above the upstream edge of
crest of flat weir, while the dow7istream head was measured in the same way
in still water behind the flume on both sides and about 16-6 feet downstream
from the upstream edge of crest of flat weir. The longitudinal water surface
curve over the weir was determined for all models under various conditions
of flow. The flow of water over these experimental models varied between
27-6 and 203-2 second-feet, equivalent to 6-87 and 50-75 c. f. s. per linear foot
of weir, respectively. The upstream heads on the weir varied between 1-66
and 6 ■ 35 feet and the ratio of submergences between 0 and 95. The experimental
coefficients as derived are based upon the submerged wier formula D = cF}/2

d
7/-f=, where £) = discharge per linear foot of crest, // = upstream head,

2
rf = downstream head, F = fall or upstream head minus downstream head,
c = experimental coefljcient. The weir coefficients for the flat-crest models
are given in Table 5 and are shown on Plate V.

Table No. 5. — Weir coefficients, flat-top model.

1 Average

Average

Average

1 minimum

mean river

maximum

Weir condition.

river flow

per linear

foot of weir.

i

Coefficient.

flow per

linear foot

of weir.

Coefficient.

river flow
per linear
foot of weir.

Coefficient.

C.f.s.

C.f.s.

C.f.s.

Free

18-00

3-120

2500

3-160

45-00

3-260

0- 1 submergence

...1 18-00

3-14,i

2500

3-190

45-00

3-300

0-2 submergence

...1 18-00

3 195

25-00

3-245

4500

3-345

0-3 yubmergencc

1 18-00

3-260

25-00

3-308

45-00

3-419

0-4 submergence

' 1800

3-340

25-00

3-397

4500

3-500

0-5 submergence

18-00

3-480

25-00

3-540

4500

3-655

0-6 submergence

18-00

3-720

25-00

3-780

45-00

3-900

0-7 submergence

18-00

4-125

25-00

4-190

45-00

4-320

0-8 submergence

18-00

4-850

25-00

4-910

45-00

5-060

,] 1800

5-930

25-00

8-025

45-00

6 210

The weir coefficients of the rounded-crest models were about 5 per cent
greater than those of flat-crest models, but the coefficient increment was about
the same for each type within the limits for river conditions. The flat-crest
model was therefore adopted on account of the easier construction, inspection,
.and repair.

INTERNATIONAL M'ATERWAYS COMMISSION 1219

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

Plate VII is a diagram of submerged-weir coefficients for the flat-top model
shown in Fig. I, on Plate V, based upon and derived from the experiments
hereto described and made at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory,
Ithaca, N.Y., in November and December, 1911.

Your committee do not wish it understood that the type of weir here
proposed is the most desirable one for the purpose. The experiments made were
by no means sufficient to settle this question. It is very probable that further
experiments would reveal a still better type. The one proposed does demonstrate
however, that the project is feasible.

E. E. Haskell,
Member American Section.
Wm. J. Stewart,
Member Canadian Section.
Attest :

W. Edward Wilson, C.E.,

Secretary American Section.

1220

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

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INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

1221

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

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1222

DEPAKTMEyT OF Pi'BUC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

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SCALE or (

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PLATE II

^

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545

54(1

PLATE VI

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PLATE VII

INTERNATIONiVL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

DIAGRAxM OF

SUBMERGED WEIR COEFFICIENTS

BASED UPON EXPERIMENTS

MADE AT

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

HYDRAULIC LABORATORY

NOV. AND DEC. 19U

28 30 32

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION 1223

SESSIONAL PAPER No. 19a

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS COMMISSION

A

Page.

American section, reports 323, 423, 431, 482, 59", 605, 676, 690, 1069, 1078

Appointment of Commissioners 23

B

Boundai-v 1102

Buffalo Water Works 396, 405, 429, 1092

C

Calumet canal _ 565

Canadian Commissioners appointed 23

Canadian Niagara Power Co 459, 478

Canal systems : 76, 85, 250

Cedai rapids 693

Cedar rapids Mfg. & Power Co 698, 731

Chandler- Dunbar Waterpower Co .- 232

Chicago drainage canal 133, 263, 271, 396, 424, 515, 598, 626, 1087, 1169, 1182

Chicago, 111., harbour 262

Consolidated Lake Superior Power Co 241

D

Detroit river 267, 395, 693, 1092

Detroit tunnel _. 201, 393, 401, 42S

Dredging fleet, ship channel '. 48

Duluth, Minn ' 259

Duties of the commission, further 1101

E

Edison-Sault Light and Power Co 234

Electrical Development Co 457, 474

Erie canal 605

F

Fisheries, officers' duties 410

Fort Francis, Ont 215

Fort William, Ont 255

G

Gibbons, Geo. C, appointed 18

Grand Falls W. P. & B. Co 588, 625,630

Great lake levels 271, 790, 1199

H

Hamilton 126

I

International Boundary 681, 1061, 1069, 1074, 1090, 1096

International Railway Co 460

Irrigation in Montana 404

J

Joint reports 339, 341, 351,354

K

Kakabeca Falls, Ont 257

King, Dr. W. F -583

1224 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

3 GEORGE v., A. 1913

Laflamme, Rev. J. C. K., report ., H 2011

Lake Champlain 352

Lake Erie, boundary 409, 428, 576, 600. 617, 629, 673, 690, 700, 775. 959, 1056, 1090, 1102

Lake Erie dam 54, 96, 111, 429, 602, 634, 681, 692, 775, 1073,1095,1211

Lake Huron : _ 224

Lake levels ? 271

Lake of the Woods ^ ! 368

Lake Michigan .- "1 266

Lake Superior ; 252

Lake vessels E 156

Livingston channel _ 695

Lockport Hvdraulic Co ' 609

Long Sault rapids 381, 396, 404, 429, 581, 601, 619, 624, 630, 641, 681, 694, 704, 729, 953, 980, 1060.' 1062

M

Mabee, J. P. resigned 18

M.alden front 404

Massena, N. Y 375, 394, 429, 647, 1093

Michigan-Lake Superior Power Co 136, 219, 227, 594

Milk river .404

Minnesota Canal & Power Co 215, 260, 354, 395, 425, 430, 1085,11107

N

Navigable waters ." ~ 1153

Neebish channel '' 231

Niagara Falls ...13, 39, 81, 91, 99, 135, 209, 334, 339, 388, 423, 431, 482, 597, 605, 634, 679, 682, 700, 1081

Niagara Falls Hydraulic P. & W. Co • 107, 610

Niagara Lockport & Ont. Co j^^a 473

Niagara river 1081

O

O'Hanley, J. L. P., report 271

Ontario & Minnesota Power Co 262

Ontario Power Co 455, 469

Ontario Transmission Co 472

Organization 3, 1079

Port Arthur, Ont 25S

Q

Quebec bridge 44

Rainy river 16, 215, 368, 602, 624, 10S6, 1116

Report of Canadian section 333, 388, 581, 626, 1056

U. S. section 323, 423, 431, 482, 597, 605, 676, 690, 1069, 1078

Richelieu river 351, 397, 408, 427, 594, 599, 612, 629, 1086

River St. Clair 220

S

Sault Ste. Marie 10, 135, 219, 250, 341, 394, 403, 424, 430, 1083

Subjects to be considered 8,, 52

St.

St. Clair river 220

St. John river 32, 588, 602, 625, 1086

St. Lawrence ship channel ■ 44, 67

St. Mary river 225, 252, 342, 394

T

Toronto 115

Toronto-Niagara Power Co 478

Treaty rights 333

W

Winnipeg river 1208

Wisner, Geo. Y 400